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KoTEtfBER U, 1846. THE NORTHERN STAR, __...
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•jfottign iftobements
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" «. Andl wai«ar, at leastin words, 4SS5...
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MEXICO. Mexico is washed on one side by ...
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Gra Sawdust.—We have submitted the -spec...
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FRANCE. ELECTORAL REFORM MOVEMENT. 'thef...
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THE LAND FOR THE PEOPLE. "For me, for th...
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IRELAND. STATE OF TIIE COUNTRY. Death by...
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on ; hia estate, T)ht retujed.,undertena...
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Kotetfber U, 1846. The Northern Star, __...
KoTEtfBER U , 1846 . THE NORTHERN STAR , __ ^ r
•Jfottign Iftobements
• jfottign iftobements
" «. Andl Wai«Ar, At Leastin Words, 4ss5...
" « . Andl wai « ar , at leastin words , 4 SS 5 KK 5 S **
UMTED STATES AISD MEXICO . T « late number of Young America-ne find the following picture ot the state of the population of jfew York : — Having business up town one day this week , 1 trailed over many parts of the city which the last time I had seen them were green fieldi , hut which are now covered compactly with dwelling houses and workshops . t aev er travel in the city except for necessary business or observation , as the sight ofiis "improvements , " as Hey are caUed , g ives me exactly the same feelings . I ima « nne as are entertained by the inhabitants of a country fast ravaged by an emmy ' s troops . Every new building aaaea to the mass seems destined to he the living tomb of several human beings . If it he a dwelling for one fashionable family , there are the upper atones , and tha
on flcsvoend kitchens for the degraded , despised , and 4 thkorked " servants , " and the spacious apartments for the puny , underworked aristocracy ot the money bags , irhose children , or grand-children at the farthest , must { unless we change our system ) he occupiers of cellars and garrets . If the new building be intended for from tn-o to a dozen families of " tenants . " those Who live opon their homesteads in the country must imagine tha daily discomfort and privation of these tenants , to say nothing of the weekly , monthly , or quarterly demand for " rent , " which most be met on . penalty of ejection . If tbe build ing be a workshop er a factory , how many must toil in it cease essly for the bare necessaries of life , ( all
over that goin to the landlord to enable him to put up Biore building *} , and with no iope but that they may 5 ^ 01 be allowed to toil for others 1 Such are *" ie reflec-e tions which continually occur to me when witnessing th Stupendous labours of the working classes in tiansporting bnildiog materials to this city and erecting them into jnisrive structures for the enrichment of a few . I no longer wonder at the Egyptian Pyramids . If the working classes can be persuaded , in this " enli g htened age , " to go on from year to year covering this island with solid blocks of buildings , and heaping up wealth in them drawn from every corn «* r ot the eartti , living themselves meantime on the scantiest fare and in the worst of build , inss ; while a few who look on with thtir arms folded
quietly pocket all the surplus proceeds , is it to be wondered at that jome thousands of years ago the toilers frereinduced to rear up huge monuments of their own folly and degradation ? The builders of the pyramids , like the builders of XewYorfe , and the producers of its hoarded wealth , were alike lacklanders , and in that single word lies the whole secret of their folly , their degradation , « nd their misery . The writer of the above goes on to remark * { fcat within sixteen years the population of New Tork has doubled , while the poverty , vice , and sriservof the masses have more than quadrupled . It appears from statistical returns that , in the year 1843 , there were 82 . 754 paupers in the state of New Tork , exclusive of the county and city of Jfew Tork ; and in 1 S 44 the number was increased to 97 , 981 .
In the county and city of Sew Tork there were , in 1843 , 37 , 7 ^ 4 paupers , and in 1 S 44 the number was upwards of 53 . 000 . Well may the Editor of Young Asietieasay , "thepoverty created by the present gvstem , unless thai system be checked , must render valueless the rig ht of suffrage , in which case our boasted liberty must expire in a convulsion , or be regained by a revolution . " Mr . Madison , long ago , uttered the following prediction : — "In future times a great majority of tbe people will not only be without landed , bat other sort of property . They wiil eitherlcombine , under the influence of " their common lituation—in which case the rights of property and the public liberty will not be secure in their handsor , what is more probable , they will become the tools of opulence and ambition ; in which case there will be equal danger on another side . "
The American aristocrats and their hireling writers no longer hesitate to avow their desire to abolish even the name of political equality , and the outward form and semblance of democratic institutions . Thus one of the moneymongers' journals advocate a standing army , and another a national debt' Amongst this " rascal rabble " of body and soul sold writers , in the pay of the mammonocracy , figures James Fennimore Cooper , the novelist , who is writing novels for the purpose of propping np land monopoly . This gentleman particularly denounces the Anti-Renters , asserting that the movement of that party is only the first step" to a general war upon property ! The remedy suggested by him , is , substantially , "the disfranchisement of these counties which resist the operation of law I" '] If so tenant had a vote" says Cooper , " this question ( Anti-Rentism ) would never have been raised or dreamt of . "
While tor the American working men things are " progressing backwards" at home , their attention is arrested by the fever-shout of ' . " victory" from the ranks of their countrymen encamped beyond the Rio Grande . The history of the war in Mexico is the old story of the wolf and ilie iamb . Jonathan is ihe strongest , and being so finds reasons as plentiful as blackberries for ravaging his brother ' s territories with fire and s » ord . We do not admire the Mexican character , and certainly we are not prejudiced against our American kindred , but we must say that we cannot discover the justice of the American side of the quarrel . We have before now denounced the British , French and Russian outrages in India , China , Africa , and Gircassia , and we shall not hesitate to express our condemnation of similar atrocities though enacted under a Republican Sag , and
by the armies of a kindred democracy . If we sympathise with Akhbar Khan , Abd-el-Kader , laid Sehamyl-Bey , we must , consistently , sympathise with Santa Anna ^ if we see him performing acts which have justly exalted the above heroes to the rank of Wallace and Tell . We hear much of the bravery and patriotism of the American capturers of Monterey . "The brave men , " says the Washington Union , " who have fallen heroically in theircountry ' s rivJtteous and victorious battle will live in her grateflu remembrance . The fallen have met a death of devoted patriotism and of high renown . " We deny that it is either patriotic or righteous for men to invade the territory of a peaceful neighbour and cause fte bloody strife but faintly pictured in thefollow-Wflparagraph , taken from one of the accounts of the slew of . Monterey : —
The American Volunteers — Mississippians , Lousimians , Tezians , Baltimoreans—with a few regulars —poured into tbe streets from the east and the west , tbe north and the south , while the eneiry ' sown artillery , now ia onr hands , vomited forth its deadly fire . Every house seemed a fortification , and the Mexicans protected by door posts , window sills and barricades , picked off our men in detail . Never did a Mexican army make greater tSirts . They stood out with a hall-dog tenacity that voald have done honour to John Bull himself . Sight ome , but it brought no cessation of the awful carnage .
The number killed and wounded on the side of the Mexicans is not known ; the number killed on the side of the Americans is acknowledged to have been at least five hundred , besides some hundreds wounded . We must say that , in our humble opinion , More true glory is attached to the Mexicans who died fighting in defence of their homes than to the Americans , although the latter were the victors . Since the battle of Monterey , the American General has received instructions to quarter the army under his command on the emeny . That is , instead of Paying their way through the country , the American soldiers are to find their subsistence by pillaging the inhabitants . This is Uapoleonist policy , very unworthy , however , a nation of Republicans . An -American paper recommends that every city oppoan f the American army should be given to the flames .- Such hellish doings would have been scorned by Washington .
¦ Notwithstanding our sympathy for the Mexicans , our chief concern is for the people of the United States . Although present wrong and suffering falls to the share of the Mexicans , we anticipate for them good swinging out of evil . This war compelling the Mexicans , as it does , to fight for their homes and all that is dear to them , may have the effect of putting an end to their factions and feuds , uniting tbe whole people in one mass , inspiring all with new vigour and renewed life , rendering the nation sufficiently strong to successfully defend itself , thereby compelling peace , and that peace secured , it may be that the Mexicans will set about perfecting their institutions , guided by the spirit of Wder , and proceed to the successful prosecution of a
mission at once peaceful and glorious . On the other hand , il weakened by intestine divisions , the Mexican fail beneath the blows of a disciplined and united foe , their American masters may , at least , establish sometbinglike order and security , and , after a time , the Mexican people though no longer independent , may at least enjoy peace and freedom from the domination of a restless soldiery and factious nnhtery chiefs , heretofore the bane of the Republic , in either case , the results of the present contest must , we think , be beneficial to Mexico . But we ^ ticipate very different results for the American People . * National Glory" is rather an expensive luxury
, ** the Americans will ere long discover . It has been ^ hmated that the Mexican war is costing the Amerigo people not less than half a million dollars a day . ^ the war will cost if the conquest of Mexico , * oo the subjugation of its people is intended , may be ^" . ectared from the fact , that the extermination of 7 „ ™ . hundred ^ Indians in Florida cost upwards of * WJO . 000 dollars . War costs will compel war ft S * v ese ' wi ^ t * 8 f ° UDd inadequate , and war-loans n « 2 ! en ^ ^ course to ; lastly , the war taxes ^ tehept up even when peace is established , to m back the monies borrowed—or , perhaps , as in "us country , to pay onk the interest on the warjuass . * ¦ and
tax !!? ^ t " not *^ e vrorst ' War-loans warg aih a (^ * ° the present crew of usurers , tax-YiaZ *^" ' and tax-eaters , who already pretty thickly ^ W th e m . 0 aei republic , " Again a regular
" «. Andl Wai«Ar, At Leastin Words, 4ss5...
standing army every year becoming more formidable must be maintained even in time of peace to keep down Mexico , or to keep possession of any of the provinces wrung from that Republic . As to a cordial union of the Mexican people with the Americans , the idea is mere moonshine ; the Mexicans may be conquered , but will not fraternise—at least is the present generation , llerc , then , besides wounded soldiers to be pensioned , commanders to be rewarded , and the spent war munitions to be replaced ; there will be when a peace comes , a useless and mischievous military forco to maintain , at once expensivc and dangerous ; a drain upon the pockets of the people , and inimicable to the safety of Republican institution ? .
It would he ear . y to enlarge upon these possible evils , but enough . Wc shall be reminded , that we have forgotten the other side of the account . The addition of territory , population , and wealth , whicb the conquests in Mexico will bring to the United States Commonwealth . Asreirardsthe wealth , remembering British conquests in India and elsewhere , andjudsiingbv analogy , we do not anticipate that the people of * the Union will have any very large share of the plunder , that may be swept from " the halls of the Montezzmas /' or pi'laged from the mines of Potosi . As regards population , we fancy the Union is verv likelv te ' * gain a loss , " if we may take fer granted the following description of the population of New Mexico , which we take from an American journal , the St . Louis . Yew Era : —
The question now ari « es , is New Mexico a part of the United States , or is it not ? If so , by virtue of what law or treaty did it become so ! If K . ew Mexico is to ba a part of the United States , what are to be the terms of admission * Are the numerous tribes of Mestizoes , mulattees , half I ndians , and barbarous Mexicans to be admitted as citizens of the United States 1 If we are to acquire as citizens all the motley population of Mexico , it will be a most unfortunate acquisition . We before had territory enough ; but by all means we do not need any additions to our country of such a population as that of New Mexico . The ignorant degraded population of Mexico are not fit materials to form American citizens . Our present p pulation is sufficiently heterogeneous and discordant without any such additions to our stock of citizens . People who have been raised as the slaves of a despotic Government , and in a state of gross ignorance , are not fit to control the destinies of this country . "We would consider the addition of a few millions of
such people to our country as a great national misfortune . As to the addition of territory , the only classes likely to he benefitted are the commercial classes , ( by the seizure of the two harbours on the Pacific ) , and land robbers , jobbers , and schemers , who may get their claws upon unoccupied districts . The robbery of Texas from Mexico , and the annexation of one half of the Oregon territory , has not benefitted the landless millions ot " the s ^ reat cities and towns of the Union . In Texas , two or three individuals have become owners owners of tracts of land , some of these tracks equal in size to some of the old states of the union The Oregon Spectator already announces that " C . E . Pickett sells lots ( of land ) at the Oregon
Gity Hotel . " From this announcement it may be gleaned that land-robbery and land-jobbery is already the order of the day in the infant state of Oregon . The recent conquests in Mexico are said to have swept into the Union 502 , 236 , 160 acres , but how many of these acres there fall to the share of the landless paupers oi Jfew York ? At this very time , instead of thinning pauperism byremoving the landless to the puolic lands , President Polk is offering ten millions of acre ' s of those lands for public sale , of coarse the ten million of acres will be purchased by greedy speculators , who will become landlords ( themselves and their descendants ) for ever , or will , themselves . again sell the lands at usurious " nterest to those who may aspire to cultivate the soil , and earn the bread of honest industry .
Would it not be well for the American people , that instead of being parties to war and invasion , which means murder and robbery , and -violence and crime of every kind , instead of burthening themselves with taxes and the support of a hireling soldiery , and all for that " mouthful of moonshine" " national glory , " would it not be well that they looked to home affairs , and said to land-robbers , " Hold , disgo ^ e your plunder , and render back that wh ich was made for all , and belongs to all , the Land ! " Instead of robbing the Mexicans of their territory , the Americans , in our humble opinion , would do well to look after their own property , and . at least , prevent its further plunder bv their own fungus aristocracy .
We denounce the Mexican war not because we envy the Americans their victories , or are jealous of their national progress , but because the war is unjust towards Mexico , and therefore a crime ; because it is also opposed to the bet interests of the American people , and therefore ( as far as they support the war ) , a folly . When the United States Republic becomes really a commonwealth of freemen—when white and black slavery , wages and the whip , shall be no more—when aristocracies of colour , land , and usury , shall be tumbled into the mass of equal and happy citizens .
then there will be no need to conquer neighbouring nations , such nations will be but too happy to fraternise with such a people . Was the United States such a Republic , none would hail with greater enthusiaism than ourselves , the march of the " starspansled banner" to universal dominion . 3 ^ -Since the above article was in type , we have received onr file of Young America , which paper of date October 17 th , contains the following article ; it will be seen that the Editor of Young America entertains sentiments identical with our own on the Mexican war question : —
THE WAR . Our army has fought another battle in Mexico , taking Montery after a three days' bloody struggle , the Mexicans securing ; to themselves an honourable retreat , and a truce of eight weeks . Five hundred of our poor deluded landless slaves killed and wounded , and perhaps an equal number of Mexican republicans , has been the price of this third disgraceful battle ! Had this massacre placed the class who are made to fight the battles for eight dollars a month , one step nearer to their right to a home on the soil , I should not regret it . Perhaps the sight of the widows and orphans , and the thoughts
of the mangled " corpses of our brethren , will aid the good cause ! Beth the great parlies are answerable for this bloody and unholy warfare ,-for the representatives of both voted for it ! The blood-stained men in power at Washington have sent on orders to renew the slaughter without regard to the truce ! Speed the day when no man will take up arms except in defence of a soil upon which he has a foothold ! I have no room for the revolting details of the Monterey massacre : the war at home has prior claims . The names of the well paid officers who fell are published far and wide . The unpaid victims of the tanks are lumped as usual , undistinguished as when they are dumped into tbe pits .
Mexico. Mexico Is Washed On One Side By ...
MEXICO . Mexico is washed on one side by the Atlantic , and on the other by the Pacific Ocean . Tho harbours on the Atlantic are not bad . whilst those on the Pacific are excellent . The Mexican territory exceeds a million of square miles , embracing every variety of climate from the torrid sand to the sweltering valley and the eternal snow . Yet , by far the greatest part is as rich in vegetation as the few arid districts are in mineral treasures . Humboldt says there is scarcely a plant in the _ world but would flourish there , and almost every thing does . There are cotton , and sugar , flax and hemp , coffee and tobacco , wheat and maize , vines , potatoes , every kind of timber , from the m hoaany to the fir ; while the banana ( which would feed fifty persons to an acre ) , and the maguey ( which can be made into whiskey and paper ' . ) , more peculiar to the soil , seem to render all other products as rather luxuries than necessaries .
The population is estimated at rather more than seven millions consisting of 3 , 800 . 000 Red men , 1 , 900 , 000 mixed blood ( Mullatos , Quadroons , efce . ) 1 , 300 , 000 Creoles ( or men of pure European blood born in America , ) and a few thousand Spaniards . Politically the Creoles arc most important , possessing as they do . wealth , intelligence , and the inheritance of power . Next to them are the mixed bloods . The Spaniards are paltry in numbers , while the Red men are in a state of extreme poverty , ignorance , and superstition .
The Tolticans are said to have first inhabited Mexico ; to have been driven by the Cbichemas , and to have retreated into Gautemala , and there built those cities , and temples , and tombs which have called the thoughts of antiquarians from Egypt to Central Africa . The Aztecs expelled the Cbichemas in the twelfth century , founded the city of Mexico in 1325 . covered thecountry with cities and monuments , and formed a broad empire . But it served to exhaust the people by its taxes , weaken them by its centraliiation , and debase them bv its cannibal superstitutions . They were
ill-prepared to resist Hernando Cortez when , in 1519 , at the head of seven hundred men , that worthy champion of the cross landed on their shores . Bloody contests and scenes of horrible carnage ensued , which resulted in the violent death of the last Mexican emperor Montezuma , and the complete subjugation of the Mexican people , A Viceroy , subject to the examination and censure of a Council in Mexico and a Board of Control in Madrid , ruled Mexico , reserving her offices for Europeans , subjecting her trade to vexatious penalties . and aggrandising a lazy church and a voluptuous army at the expense of industry . [ To be continued . )
Gra Sawdust.—We Have Submitted The -Spec...
Gra Sawdust . —We have submitted the -specimen of gun sawdust sent us by Mr . Turner to experiment : —and , although in our hands both , ' its igniting and explosive powers were less than " that of gunpowder , we have no doubt that sawdust or any other kind of vegetable tissue containing llgnine , may be converted into an explosive compound by the agency of nitric acid . —Athetevm . Br ar-Rooi . —The beet-voot crop in the nerth of France is affected with , contagious , disease almost analogous , to that of fyt potato .
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France. Electoral Reform Movement. 'Thef...
FRANCE . ELECTORAL REFORM MOVEMENT . 'thefteforme publishes the following "National Petition" fora Reform of the Representation , now in the course of signature : —
PETITION FOR ELECTORAL REFORM . To the President and Members of the Chamber of Deputies . Gentlemen , —After fifteen years application and experience , the electoral law of 1831 is condemned . It makes of a right that belongs to all , a privJlegeu function . False in its basis , it does not give in its results the veritable expression of the country ; it does not give even the true expression of the [« ill of the ] privileged electoral bod y , because the minority of thceleetors nominate the majority of the deputies . The electoral body as it is constituted b y law , represents neither the population , nor the wealth , nor the labour , nor the intelligence , nor the services rendered to the country .
Tho law of 1 S 31 has been an arbitrary regulation of the electoral function , the element of which was borrowed from the laws of the Restoration , tile Charter of Grace emanating from the right-divine . Essentially temporary , and transitory , this law is contrary in its principle and its action to the principle of the national sovereignty that make , the basis of your constitution . In the name of reason and of justice , in the name of progress , of the rights of the citizens , and of the honour of France , we come to you to demand the reform [ of this law ! .
Arkbst of Carlists . —Seventy Carlist refugees are stated to have gone through Narbonne , on the night of the 2 d instant ., with the intention of entering Spain . Seventeen of them were captured by the French authorities ; most of them were officers . Forty-seven more Carlist refugees have been seized at Passas , who were likewise about to cross the frontier . They were dragged back to Pei pijrntm , which town they passed through shouting ' * Viva Carlos VI . !"
BELGIUM . On Tuesday afternoon , the two Chambers of tiie Belgian leg islature was opened by the King in person , -with the usual solemnities . In the " speech , " the King referred to tho question of secondary in « struction , the revisal of the criminal code . On the present distressed condition of the working classes tbe " speech" says , " The arrangements to procure a sufficient supply of food for the country , the numerous works of pub'ic utility which have been undertaken , and the sums arising from public and private contributions , have greatly assisted the needy classes during the privations resulting from the failure of the potatoe crop in 1815 . The potatoe crops . tbis year are satisfactory ; but the high price of provisions , and , above all , the failure of the rye harvest , claim the serious attention of the chamber , and of ihe government . "
"The government has devoted its attention ta the management <> f establishments for the insane ; to pawnbroking institutions ( Montsde-piete ) and to the formation of agricultural colonies . Propositions for realising the ameliorations which humanity and the state of society demand will also besubmitted to you . " On Railways : — " The adoption of a body of laws for the management of this grand national enterprise is now practicable . You will have ' to discuss various propositions for fixing the tariff of prices and determining the general management of the railway . " Some amendment in the organization of the Chambers is projected : — " As the political aspect of the country is tranquil , I may , at the present moment , announce that a project ot law will be laid before you for increasing the number of the members of the two Chambers .
SWITZERLAND . The Canton of Lucerne having refused to recognise the new Government of Geneva , has provoked a hostile spirit in the Genevese Council . M . Viridet , a Member of the Grand Council , had proposed to withdraw the decn e of the 3 rd October , respecting the league of tbe seven cantons , and to replace it by another . M . James Fazy , president of the provisional government , supported the proposition of M . Viridet , maintained that Geneva should not wait for tbe opening of the new diet , but should act . conformably to the spirit of her revolution . Such a manifestation was so much the more urgent iu consequence of the refusal of Lucerne to recognise the Genevese government . Such a refusal is unprecedented in Switzerland , but , concluded M . Fazy , since Lucerne , which has effected the counter-revolution of the Valais and many others throws down the glove , we will not hesitate to take it up .
The Grand Council of Basle met on the 5 th of November , the galleries were crowded . The propositions of the commission for the revision of the constitution were almost unanimously adopted . ITALY . The Univers publishes a letter from Rome of the 27 th ult ., containing an account of the visit paid by the Pope , on the 20 th , to the Superioress of theBasilians nun of Minsk , Maerina Alieczyslaska . H s Holiness alluded in very significant terms to the atrocious persecution to which the Polish uuns had been subjected by the Russian monster . The occasion of the Pope ' s visit was the feast day of the Polish Saint John Cants .
POLAND . ( From the Reforme of November G . ) We extract the following news from letters received from Poland : — Some time ago a gang of peasants assaulted in the neighbourhood of Kalish ( the capital of one of the former Palatinates of the kingdom of Poland ) the castle of M . Sieminski , in order to demolish and to pillage it , and finally to slaughter all its inhabitants . Happily M . Roman Grabowski . the chief steward . having received timely
warning , wis enabled to pi epare for self-defence . With thehelp of all his servants he stoutly resisted the assailants , put them to flight , made a dozen of tiiem prisoners , and having bound them with cords conveyed them to the town of Kalish . Theie they underwent an immediate examination , and three of them declared under the las )) , that eighty out of their number , having left Gallieia , had dispersed throughout the kingdom of Poland , in order to propagate among the peasants h-. itred against their landlords , and to begin again on a different field the massacres cf Gallieia .
Who could have inspired them with such a determination ? Did it really arise from an implacable hatred of the peasant against the landowner , from an irresistible thirst of vengeance which notbingcould allay ? Ne ; never could the Polish country people so hospitable , so meek , so religious as they are known to be , have hatched of their own accord such sanguninary designs . Whatever 11 . Guizot may have said of the Gallician massacres , that regular governments are never guilty of similar deeds , the evil does not arise from the fi elings of the people , and we are now perfectly well informed that Prince Metternich has been alone its originator , its director , its very soul . ; They are now sufficiently known , those letters of gratitude with which the noble scion of the llapsburj ; family , the innocent Ferdinand has favoured his faithful subjects who have so gallantly fought in defence of his threatened throne , and who found a leader in a liberated convict , a Stela , a wretch , n-orthy indeed to be the prop and the defender of such a government .
Even now all is not at an end in Gallieia , the general outburst of indignation iu the whole of Europe against Viennese statesmen has not produced the smallest effect on their minds . They send military processions through this unhappy province , with the noble mission of shoot , ing on the spot all those whom they meet , when they appear suspicious to tlwm . Yet has the good emperor resolved to show himself generous towards the culprits . It seems even as if , in his parental care , he had forgotten nothing . He has deigned to allow the
Christian victims , whom he murders to satisfy his base revenge , to enjoy in their last hour the last comforts of Christ ' s religion . At the very moment when the murderous ball is about to strike the victim ' s breast , a priest is there , at tho victim ' s side , to administer to him the Holy Sacrament . The good monarch was probably afraid of hearing that the falling martyr bad with his dying lips pronounced , of his own accord , the pardon of his executioneers , and by invoking in iheir favour the clemency rather than tbe justice of God , had thereby touched the hearts of any of the soldiers !
At Cracow the political prisoners had been till now allowed to receive regularly the food which their friends or relation brought them . M . Harold has recently put a stop to this . During two days the prisoners were compelled , by the loathsome quality of the food furnished to them by their gaolers , to send it back untouched . This government , thus , protective as it is to public erder , condemns to the tortures of hunger those very men whom it will be obliged to declare innocent on their trial ; and all because M . Harold had entered into partnership with a Jew for the supply of food to tho prisoners . This is the only cause of the measure taken and the ordinance issued by him . Go on , powerful monarch ! in the performance of this , noble task . The hour of retribution is fast approaching , and you will then be able to display before tho eyes cf your judges , the nations , the deeds you now are accomplishing with impunity , as so many titles to the grntiJude they owe to jou . _ _ .
In translating tho above statements , a Polish democratic journal adds the following observations : — The Reform , is right in maintaining that no revengeful feelings of their ewn , hate incited the assasina of Gallieia . Revenge would only have been exercised by peasants on their own masters . wnen , on the contrary , it is . » ow fully ascertained , that the murders were committed by strangers to those villages whose proprietors were slaughtered , and not by their inhabitants . By these vengeance would have been exercised spontaneously , when now it is altogether put out of question that tho assassins did not murder of their own accord , hut were incited and directed by convicts liberated and tent amongst the peasants by tha Austrian government . Vengeance at least would have been exercised on oppressive and inhuman landlords , hut never on thosa who constantly afforded help to the peasant * in distress and alleviation of their burdens , and who had resolved to improve their condition by granting them the property of the soil , yet it
France. Electoral Reform Movement. 'Thef...
was these precisel y whose names were put foremost on the list of proscription ; whatever then the Austrian government may assert now , and in spite of all the endeavours of a venal press to justify it , tha conviction of Europe will remain unshaken , that it was the Imperial government who incited , commanded and remunerated with honours asd jnoney tho murderers of the Gallician landowners ; We have the following from Konigsberg : — " A t'w nightsagoaman wan found here a-deep on the steps of a house , he was taken to the guard house , and was on the following morning interrogated . He
stated at first that be was a Frenchman , but at length confessed that he was a Pole , and having taken part in the political agitations of his country " , had been exiled in Siberia , from which with many dangers and privations he had escaped . H e are assured that the president of police of Konigsberg having applied to the Prussian Government to know wnetherttie man should be given up to the Russian authorities , received an answer in the affirmative ; the consequence of whicb has been the extradition of the unfortunate exile , who has been sent offaeain to oibena . "
Ducny of Poses . —M . deS-, son of an old Polish pneral has been arrested and sent to Posen . Of late lie had lived the life of a peasant , and married a peasant girl ; a proclamation was found upon him calling upon the peasants to rally round their land- ' lords , for the deliverance of their country .
UNITED STATES AND MEXICO . On Saturday the packet-ship Cambridge , and the slnp John Bates , . arrived in the Mersey , bringing papers from New York to the 10 th and from Boston to the 23 d ult . < -The papers by this arrival do not contain any news of impoitance as recards the war between Mexico and the United States . Santa Anna , who had bnen General Commander-in-chief , arrived at the cnpit'i ] of Mexico on the 15 th , and was received with the Greatest enthusiasm . The people were unbounded in their testimonies of attachment to his person , and sreniDil frantic with jny . On tho d ; iy previous to his arrival , when at A ' jotla , he addressed a letter to Ueneral Almonte , the Minister of War . This
document is manly and patriotic . It breathes a spirit of determined hostility towards the United States , and declares his readiness and anxiety to fulfil his utmost duty in opposins the enemies of his'country . He promises to die fighting , or lead theva'iant Mexicans to complete victory . A levy of 30 000 men to recruit the amy were ordered . Iteqiiisitione were forthwith transmitted to all the principal places in the Republic , for an immediate furnishing of their respective quotas of men . Puebla , and the whole of the towns within a circuit of sixty leagues of the metropolis , are stated to have complied with the requisition with the greatest alacrity . To facilitate the arming and equipping this lame body of trops , the Government have ordered that duties on all munitions of war shall ce * se until further notice .
. Later intelligence had been received from the seat of war . The health of the American troops was very indifferent ; at the 21 th of September there were 700 Americans at Matamoras , three-fourth' * of whom were volunteers , sick of dysentry , accompanied with intestinal ulceration and typhoid fever . The average number of deaths was five a day . It is now understood that the invasion of Mexico will he changed . The march from Monterey to the city of Mexico is at least 000 miles longer than from Tampion , Alvardo , or Vera Cruz , which latter point affords the nearest and most accessible route . The detachment under General Patterson , strongly reinforced by volunteers , is to attack Tampico , reduce it , and roanh forward into the interior towards Mexico .
The Packet-ship Rochester arrived at Liverpool on Wednesday from New York , with papers from that city of one day ' s later date than those received by the Joshua BatesI A report had been received in New York , stating that another engagement had taken nlace between the Mexican and American troops , but this report cannot be relied on .
The Land For The People. "For Me, For Th...
THE LAND FOR THE PEOPLE . "For me , for thee , for o ) l !" It is time the monster monopoly of land appropriation was exposed ; it is time that the gigantic robbery perpetrated and maintained by our aristocracy should be unmasked . Thousands and tens of thousands arc beginning to see that the usurpation of the soil is the great cause of the innumerable evils afflicting the people ; still there are , on the other hand , tens ot thousands who , blinded by custom , forget that the earth was given to mankind for their inheritance , and are content to crawl landless , homeless slaves . from birth to death—Pariahs in a world which , if rightly apportioned , would be a paradise to all , instead of , as it is , a purgatory to the immense majority . Towards organising public opinion against the great grievance of the present system , we propose to devote about a column weekly under the above head to selected articles , and occasional remarks of our ownexplaining the evils of laml
usurp-, ation , and the right of the people to the soil . We think we could not mako a better beginning than by giving some explanation of the much-abused anil much misunderstood Agrarian Law of the Romans , and the causes of those popular tumults and struggles between tho Patrician and Plebeian classes , which preceded the downfall of the Roman commonwealth . Widely different , in many respects , as was the state of Ronnn society to the stato of things at present existing in these islands , nevertheless , what follows will show our readers that the monster grievance afflicting the people of this country , the despotism of laud-robbers and moneymongers , existed in full force in the Roman Republic ; and finally , brought the people of that state to utter slavery , and the Republic itself to irretrievable ruin . The following article is a translation bv an American author . N . A . W'liitinjr . of Marmontcl ' s Preface to Lnean ' s " 1 'harsalia" : —
CAUSES OF THE DECLINE AND FALL OF TIIE ROMAN COMMONWEALTH . It was neither the jealousy of Poinpey . nor the ambition of Casar , which destroyed Home . It was the pride , the cruelty of the Patricians . It was the fact that intcstine wars , from the time of the Gracchi , and finally , that between l'ompey Si Cassar had their origin in tho senate , and its dangerous policy and its unjust domination weie the causes of those wars . Home , under the consuls , v / m nt first an aristocracy . With a senate composed of true citizens , this government would have had the same advantages that monarchy has under a just and modoratv king . But the senators were mere senators . And this body always had a disposition to abuse anil degrade the people—to regard Itself as t ' ve state , by way of eminence , and to make the multitude the plaything of its policy , and the instrument of its grandeur . In what were
termed the prosperous days of the Republic , the senate entertained three views . The one was that of a small number of men , who were wise , virtuous , and pacific- — and who had no other ambition than that of zeal for the public . Such as that of tiie Yalerii—the Scrvillii Menenius Agrippa—the Cincinnati!—and all those true Romans who , after their victories and their triumphs , died without leaviiuj enough to pay for tlieir burial . These just , simple , and madest mun , never ceased to represent to the senate that its contempt for the people was madness . That it was by the people the state was sustained . That it was to the people it owed the power which it had acquired , and the possessions which it enjoyed . That men who were free , brave , and continually in arms , not ceasing to be conquerors abroad , weuld soon be w . eary of being slaves it home , and that prudence , at least , demanded that the people should bo managed with
indulpence . Another opinion was that of the Appii and Coriolanus , and of all the young Patricians , proud and violent men , who maintained that gentleness was inexpedient , that flattery always rendered the multitude dangerous—that one point would no sooner be yiel . lcd than it would be necessary to yield more ; and , in short , that the people were made only to obey and to suffer . The bulk of the senate , more moderate , seemed to occeupy the middle ground between these two opposite parties ; but , while using expedience , to whicli it was driven by weakness , It never yielded to the people except when compelled , and never relaxed , but for the moment , that absolute and tyrannical domination which at last destroyed the state . If the senate had only rejected excessive , unjusS , and injurious demands , which affected the state , its firmness would have morited the eulogies whicli it lias so often received . But what were the demands of the people ! They demanded that the usury , which destroyed them , should be abolished ;* and that there should be given them
for the subsistence of their wives and children ., A PORTION OF TIIE LANDS which they had eoncuiered , and bedewed with their blood . Behold the unfailing sources of all the commotions which arose in Home between the poor and the rich—between the people and the senate . rTo feel the full force of the severity of the senate in the constant refusal of these demands , it ia caeessary to recollect , that during the earlier periods oJ the history of Borne , the frequent incursions of enemie » upon the torritories ot the Republic , and the interruption of cultivation by repeated' wars , ruined the peopte . and rendered debtors insolvent . These were delivered , like slaves , to their creditors—wero detained tn close custody , and reduced to a state a hundred-fold worse than slavery . And that on the one hand , the peop le had no other business than war and agriculture ; tfat the rich , by . little and little , vutde ' . themselves isasifn * of all the Lands of the RepuUU , and caused them So be cultivated by their slaves , to the exclusion of froamen , so that tho people , even in time of peace , had no resource from labour . Hence the necessity of einjioying them constantly in
arms . But war is a state of violence , which demaails at least , some relaxation . And the-paople who wenUc battle voluntaril y , and from a sense ol honor , strong ly realized , that they had the ri ght to-enjoy in pence thofruit of their victories . They did not suffer without complaining—but they complained without using tb * swords which they wore , and the more this virtuous peop le showed themselves to be patient , moderate and docile , the more the senate were emboldened to oppress them . The senate not only closed their ears to remonstrances , but if any Patrician appeared to be moved with compassion he was accused of ambition or base weakness , and they went so far as to refuse such an one the honour of a triumph after tha most signal victory , A treatment thus harsh ,
The Land For The People. "For Me, For Th...
disgusted the people , and they seised t' > e moment when the enemy was at the gates , and declared that they woubl not take arms until they received justice . Then the senate would become condescending , and send fortli a dictator , or consul with words of peace and consolinir promises which they never failed to disavow as soon as the crisis was past , This bad faith produced distrust . The people , weary of bein r deceived , paid no further attention to vain promises , and firmly resolved to remain in subjeetion no longer , if they did not obtain redress . The senate bowed , it was driven to this , but now the time was past . Union was destroyed . Confidence lost . And the boon which had it been granted freely to the demand of the people would have made them reverence the senate iind regard them as benefactors—but when this boon was wrested from the senate by force , the people saw in it ,
a proof of tho weakness of their tyrants , llenee , proliting i > y thtir advantage , they demanded magistrates selected from the plebwm order , anil char ^ . d with the defence of its rights . The senate , in consequence of abusing its authority , was obliged to admit the counter authority of tribunes , and henccforrh , the state was divided into t » o hostile parties . The senate ought to have seen that a people who had legislative power—who had authority to prevent execution of its decrees , and who , by the law of Agricolii , could briii ; , ' the senators theinseli-e » - to trial , that a people who by 2 G 0 years of war had learned to maintain the authority of law by arms , could only be restrained by gentleness and equity . Hut tho senate , in place of using the counsel , whicli it gave in the sequel to tho colleague of the younger Gracchus , of conciliating ihe people by acts of kindness , simply consulted its pride , an 4 became more arrogant .
In it time of scarcity , tha Consuls had procured sup . plies of grain at a low price The nisest of the l'atri eians wished this to be sold to the people at the same rate , but Cori ;> laiiu . < , irritated because the people had refused to enrol themselves , - and follow him to battle , pre tended that it was neecsary to sell the grain at a hU-h price , least the Senate should seem to flatter the nuiliitwle . This opinion prevailed , and the Senate lost Coriolanus by following the cuuiisel , which his anger had dictated . Thepeople were excited , the grain was sold « t its just value , but Coriolanus was banished , iinrl hi < e . \ ile nearly overthrew Home . As soon as it was slmi that the authority of the senate had become odious the hope of engnging the people to make a king gave birth to an ambition for regal power . —The consul Cassiu' , lo conciliate , as it is said , the favour of the pleliians .
demanded on their behalf that the Senate should divide the newly conquered lands and those , which , thou *! they belomred hi the Republic , had been u < urpeil by th * nobility , The intention of the consul might h-ire " been bad , but his demnnd was simjly that the people should bare bread , The senate pretended to accept this law ; but ho who proposed it was condemned after his ennso . late to be thrown from the Tarpeian roclt—and this decree was more faithfully executed than the law from whicli it had originated . This law so well known under tiie liameoftheAGIURIAN LAW , was at first eluded by the rich ; soon openly violated ; and finally entirvly neglected . It is easy to Understand why the senate was
willing that < i law shoud be trampled upon which c instituted the salvation of the poor—the senate was rich . The people without resources—without support , hecaustthey were betrayed by the tribums themselves , whom the senate corrupted—the people whojet adhe-od to the Republic , whatever effort mi ^ ht be made to detacli them from it ; could not resolve to break- their fetters , but they wore in the unquiet stato of the patient who changes his position in the hope of finding one less painful- They demanded new laws , in the expectation that they would be better observed than old ones . They demanded that the number of tribunes should be augmented . —They turned tlieir thoughts again to the Agrarian law , mid demanded that it should be discussed in the popular assemblies . ( To be concluded in our ncrt number . J
Ireland. State Of Tiie Country. Death By...
IRELAND . STATE OF TIIE COUNTRY . Death by Starvation . — The Cork fieporter publishes a full note of the evidence taken at a coroner ' .-inquest held at Skibereen , on the body of a man named M'Kennedy , who died of hunger , although it was proved by several witnesses that a fortnight ' s wages , duo to the wretched man at the time of his decease , were withheld owing to a very inexcusable blunder on the part of the subordinates in the employ of the Board of Works , it having transpired that one oay-i-lerk got in mistake , and paid in bis district , the money intended to be paid on the road on which M'Kennedy died . Evidence upon this point having been given , the report concludes as follows : —
Coroner—Gentlemen of the jury , we have gone miuu tely into the consideration of the ease before younamely , the death of Dennis IVTKennedy . You have the painful details before you , and it is quite unnecessary for me to add one word in explanation of the evidence . This case , will I trust , prove an infinite service , not alone to this district , but to the country at lar-e , —it will show the Board of Works that men in their employ are starving to whom money is due fur their labour on the public works . The Rev . Mr . Townsend . —Mr . Coroner , does it appear that the money for payment of poor M'Kennedy ' s wages was in the hands of either pay-elerk at the time of the poor fellow ' s death ? Coroner . —No , the contrary has been sworn to .
O iptam Gordon ' s successor . —The money came , but , through some mistake , went to Mr . Notter , and was expended by him in payment of his district , when it should have been paid on the Cahara line but these stories , received in gossip , are turned against the Board of Works . The ltev . Mr . Townsend Sir , tho question here is not about the Board of Works or its officials ; the qnestion here , Sir , is about the death of my fellow-creature . Those accounts , you say , we get in gossip ; but , Sir , the contrary ii the fact . We have poor M'Kennedy's death and the cause of it sworn to . That evidence proves that our people are dying by the ditch-side for want of payment of their hire . We take no such statements , Sir , on gossip , nor shall we be told by an official that we do . To Mr . Gaynor . —Had Mr . Hoss funds i ' or payment of this poor man when he died ? Mr Gaynor . —I believe not . Sir .
The Rer . jMr . Townsend . —Admirable system ! The money due in the east we have paid in tbe west . The hoard , Sir , should settle between them and their officials , but none under them should starve . As an instance of our present state , I must mention that a few days since , a poor countrywoman came to me to sell a pullet—poor little Jerrj ' . s pullet , she said , —a present , —the tears starting to her eyes at the thought that she must part with poor Jerry ' * pullet . But the pullet she should sell , or poor Jerry should starve . She was asked , "If \ our children'love this pullet so much , why sell It , —isn't your husband at } work ? " "Yes . but he couldn't get his hire , and he'd rather starve off the road than on it . " And yet public functionaries tells us that such stories as poor M'Keniiedy's ar « all gossip .
The jury returned the following verdict : — " That the Sdid Dennis M'Kennedy , ou the 21 th day of-Octuber , in the year aforesaid , at C . ihara road , in the comity aforesaid , died of starvation , owing to the gross negligence of the Board of Works . " In the meantime , while such melancholy scenes ns the foregoing are being enacted , tho supplies of food are becoming daily cheaper and more abundant . There was a further decline in the priee of wheat at the Dublin Corn Exchange to day , and the meat markets arc gradually receding to their average rates . Large quantities of Indian corn , too , arc fast pouring into our southern ports , the effects of whicli are already perceptible iu the reduction of price . '' . The Cork Constitution , of Tuesday , thus reports progress : —
Since our publication of Tuesday roar vessels have come in . The cargo of one of them was sold to the Cork Relief Committee at jEl-t 17 * . Gd . a ton . Another cargo of tho finest quality , irom Yiana , io the north of Portugal , is offered at £ 15 . The same description of corn brought last week £ 10 , and some sold as high as £ lfi 10 s . The Cork licporter of the same date adds : — Wc are extremely happy in being enabled to record the gratifying fact , that there are now iu harbour sev 3 « vessels heavily laden with India . n eora from ihe Meditanranenn . Tbe cargo of one ship has been purchasediby the llelief C » mmittee , of another by Messrs , Goold and M'Namara , one b y Mr . Morgan , and one b y the Messrs . Ilackett , sf Middleton , anotluv vessel received orders- to proceed toWaterford , wheroher cargo was purchasad .
SISTKESS IN THE C 0 USIT OF ANTHIM . According to the current testimony of journals ot all shades of politics , the pressure of distress is . more severely felt in Antrim than panics unacquainted with the district would be liksly to give creiianceto . A meeting of landed proprietors , headedi by the Marquis of Donegal , was-tolt * held at ihillyment on Monday , — 'iTo take into censideratie *! , and decide upon some general , and as far as-practicable , uniform , plan , for instituting , when acquired , throughout tho several baronies , such class of works , as shall afford roir and reasonable employment to . \ ho destitute warking popular : tion . The step > however , Ss far from bei » 3 deemed saaii--. factory by the tenantry on several oS the great properties in the countay , and , accordingly , a coinniit'boe of tenants , has- addressed a circular bo the landkfld & of Antrim , fromwhtsh we take the fallowing : — .
You have an . undoubted right toujour rents , as . a . plain matter of justkobetween man and' man ; andiaiir duty to pay . you the- full amount of oar . contract iviViits ol no-( uiesSion . Stic-h being the fact ^ * . ve- candidly admit that , under all ordinary cireunisftnoeS i you are entitled to enforce payment in full of alii neat and arrears of rent due by your tenants ; but ibis now our painful duty to remind yon that we liana , arrived at u period of universal distress , distress , wtsich , so far as we know , is without a prccedcnt . la . our country ' s history ; and we
beg to intimate that , as c-ur present condition is not only deeply distressing , Wt altogether new , we require to be treated by you as a princip le of indulgent liberality , corresponding \» itt ) i our novol and perilous position . You know i \\ nX we in common with others , have bean mysteriousl y , visited by a great national calamity , which has entirely and at once extinguished tho greater portion , of Onr agricultural produce ; and which , in its ultimate consequences , threatens to involve us in ruin . I " a word , our potatoes are gone—our oats have fallen far » hort of our expectations ; and while some o ! our num-
Ireland. State Of Tiie Country. Death By...
ber may have a small surplus of agricultural produce to dispose of , many of us must purchase hugely , in a dear market , for family consumption , in addition to tha entire produce of our holdings . You also know that our trade consisting chiefly in the manufacture of linen , continues in a state of deep depression indeed ; and n-e beg to inform you , Hint although per * nnd butter sell freely at remunerating prices at present , wc cannot realize their advantages , as formerly ; our usual food for swine being irrecoverably lost , and ti . e dietary changes rendered necessary in our families , by t . 0 absence of tho potato ., oMhj . us to .. pprop ialea much larger portion of the produce of our cow , to house , hold purposes than heretofore . Th . *» are fa .-is-whieh admit neither of concealment nor nioiVincutimi : nnd if so do they not imliMte , with alarming distinctness , our present inability to pay rent !
Landlords of Antrim ! wil . you— -can you ,-in ? he faet of all theie facts , compel us to sell our eons , or part with theon ' y portion of bread which rtmiins for the support of our families , in order to satisfy our claims' Justice , we know , would sanction your doing so ; but mercy forbids it to lie done ; for , if thus bereft of our little all , we might ab : indoii our farms , break up housekeeping , and wander we know not where . * * Let us , « s your tennnts , mnke a prompt effort to pay one-half of tlu gale ol the rent now due : and do you , as our landlords " freely forgive" the remainder ! We say freely forgive , fur wc are justly averse , under existing rircum * stances , to the accumulation of a r . ' cht in ih » shape of arrears , which , while we have no prepect of paying it , is only calculated' to cramp our energies , and sink us into utter despondency .
Morcoivv , as our prospects for the piistiing se : ison , both wit )) ri'jrar /] to seid , and the inodo o cultivation to ho adopted , are altogether dark nnd discouraging ^ we re-pcettuiiyheg to suggest Hint the sunie , or a similar act of Kencrou * compromise , be repeated , provided—as is but too eutl . in—that a continuance or increase of the present distress shall render tbe repetition necessary ; and 1 st sill this be done on the distinct tinders ' . nnding , ihut if it please God to again icstore the potatoe to healthful cultivation amongst us , or so soon as any sul > - stitute way he found which , in ihe use o fit , will raise the cultivation of land to its former remunerative value , we will gi-netiully resume the payment of rent as formerly .
CONFLICT BBrWEBJi TUB POLICE ASP WHITE 1 S 0 YS . The following appears in the Limerick Chronicle : — Uetwcen eight and nine o ' clock on Wednesday night , un armed party of twelve men . with their faces blucltemd , attacked the dwelling of John l'ipcr , at Sc . irt , wi ; hiu two m : li-s oflt'tthuealc , i . i Sviircli of arms , when live ot * them entered , and succeeded in carrying off a gun . From this they proceeded to the residence of . Mr . James Condon . n « ljomin £ the same tou-ulnml . where they demarded admittance at the buck-door , but were refused , that gentleman informing them from one of tho windows that he had no fire-arms , at the same time add ng , if ihey did not b-lieve his word , to iro to the front door , and he would allow them to satisf y themselves . They , however , declined the invitation , and retired from before the
house , having first cautioned Mr . Condon agair . st demandimr rents from his tenantry , und .-r pain of death . They did not ro far when they were observed by a small par * y ot police then on patrol , consisting of four men , viz . constable Alfred , sub-constabics luiirne , Slic-.-han , and Lauren < on , who followed them news the th Ids , milling on them in th .- usual way to stand and surrender . Thugangp .-rempt . rily refused , telling the p . lice to go back , and at tiie sime time turning round they disehaigcd five shots at the constabulary ; thucoiistubie returned the tire , and one of the gang fell , apparently wounded , but being raised by his associates was carried ov . r a olt . di In mi adjoining Held The oth .-r three policemen then loaded , and prepared to pursae the fugitives , who in the interval gained some ground , and , as
they retreated , turned round oicasionally , firing at their pm-sutrs , fortunately without effect . Afttra good run , the police closed with them as they were crossing 3 high wall , and ae ; ain tired , when a seconded man was observed to fall from the top manifestly wounded , as the stones were besmeared with blood , which was also discernible along the grass . It being a moonlight night , the police did not lose sight of the party , whom they chasstl into a haggard , were several stacks of corn were piled , behind which the Whiteboys took refuge , but tha police , nothing daunted , int . rc .-pted two of the Whiteboys , with whom they had a desperate combat , while ihe rest of the f . llows lied in contusion , and the police eventua'l y overcame the two , who were made prisoners after much difficulty , and handcuffed . Upon search , both were found armed with l-uiis , and one of them had
a very tine military sword attached to his girdle , and which has since been identified by Mr . George Massy , of Creaves , as his property , and which was taken from that gentleman ' s residence about a month since . The Rot-kites were brought into Itathkeale Bridewell , same night , without being allowed to remove the disguise from their features . One of them received a bayonet wound in the breast during the struggle with the police , but the other sustained little injury . The names of the parties are John Sheehy , a blacksmith , from Askenton , nnd James O'Donnell , a farmer's son . K . xt morning tha police searched , convenient to the scene of action , and foun »! two guns , which tho rest of the party left behind in their precipitate retreat . Wbile in the bridewell , on Thursday night , one of the prisoners attempted to commit suicide by cutting his throat with a piece of window glass .
Limerick , Nov . 7 . —On Thursday evenine an attack was made by an armed party on the house of Mr . George Meall , of Rahcen , near Thorniield , steward to Sir Richard Bourke . Between six and seven o ' clock on that evening , while Mr . and Mrs . Meall , tosetber with a young- lady , teacher . it Sir llicliard Bourke ' s school at Thornfield , were sitting at tea , a man with bis face blackened and armed with a nun , forced his way into the back kitchen , and telling : the servant girl to hold down h-r head or he weuld blow her brains out , passed on into the parlour and desired the inmates to do the same . Mr . M . did so , and the man asked him where bis firearms were . The lady was then ordered to leave the room , which she did , imploring- tho fellow not to
murcier Mr . Meall . To this he replietl that all he wanbd was fire-arms . Mr . Meall directed him where to find a <; u . n on the top of a press in the kitchen , and the Terry proceeded thither , after which he fired a shot through the window . He broke a considerable quantity of plate-ware , arid the sashes andghissof the kitehen and parlour windows . After a little time' , he returned to the parlour and went to the drawer where Mr . Meall kept his money and pulled it out . Fot finding wli . it he wanted , he a * keil Mr Meall fur a Utile change . Mr . Meall !> ave him his purse-, containing about ten shillings , on which the robber departed :.. Outside he joined hia comrades , four or five in number , who were all armed . Sir 11 . Bourke has exerted himself with the greatest humanity towards the poor of bis district .
He has opened a soup'Kitchen at his own expense , where the hungry are fed . and has a female school where sixty girls arc- taught , twelve of the most destitute ofwhomare clothed . He is- about clothing a few more- of them this- winter . If such humane nets do not beget gratitude , tho character of our people must be open to the most aggravated censure . A party of Terries attacked the house of a man named Denis O'Neill *; residing at Rathfoland , Newmarket ,, on Thursday night . The family of the farmer ; racn and women ,, made- a n » blc resistance . They beat the -assailants off , pursued them , and actually challenged thetn to a stand-up fiuht , the father and eldest son principally taking up the attack , but the ruffian midnight walkers showed the white featht-r and scampered ofl \
Qh the same night , a party of armed men , supposodto be the same , went to the house of Patrick Liddy , at Shepperton , and beat the inmates . Two houses belonging to two men named llalliuian nnd Q'Brien , near t ^ uin , were also-broken open , and the people residing in them beaten . oou . ntv . ot' conn . Cork , Nov , ft—Tha .-vsmissiox . or Ispian Mkal . — This morning seventy tons of Indian mi : vl for the Relief Committee of Castle Island , imported from Liverpool , passed through , the City , siunrdeil by an escort of the 1 st Dragoons-and ( : ~ : 1 > R » . ' -.- ! n . fnc , which was granted- by the aisthoriih-s on ' iics information of the Rev . Mr ; Herbert , who deposed that , from the excited state oi' the country , in consequence-of- 'the prevailing distr-fs , ! . >• . nppri-hcmled the provision would not tie sntf-O'l ipiict ' y to pa-s through , without an u ? o > wt —S '& r / . - Reporter .
Galwat . —YioiRNGK towauus Ovi-. iisv . Kiis . — 1 here are at present upwards of t ! - ; i } 'lft of t ho poor of Gal way at labour on the several works carrviiisi cm in thisdistrict .. Tho returns of last , Saturday slmwid that there were upon that clay . 2 " . }< i 0 cm ; -. loved , ami on Tuesday last Mr-.. Clements un » iiL '" l to prnvjie by yesterday for tilie employment of / SOO or titXi more . The relief cf so mt \ % y . ia a . uveal b ' . essiim . but wc regret to say that if it were- trebled it would nr . l- meet the-necessities- of the p * rishinji lahmniu ^ poor . Some outrages have tal : e » place here with ' ut i-iio hist week against the ovQi'seciiS ami in-rectors of ihe public works . which av . 'e goij . » forward in thv ,
week on-the Salth . ill ' . jfwid , and had his ayes blackened ; : and on Wednesday lust Mr , Usssat-k . the ovesscQP'of 4 he- works Pat Fort Kyre . v » as likewise assailed ,. aad which caused the woik < t-cie to be swpcmlcii , throwing about SO unlortaiintu persons wit of employment . This is a lniaiital-Ie slate of thipgs . Besides , Mr . Clements , tlv ; rounty surveyor , has been niobln din hit house , a as ! at hn-.-h compelled to seek tiie shelter of the police . The people arc starving , ami consequently ysepared lor any mischief : but we much fear ihat they are instigated , in some instances , to these outrages by parties not in need , but who ur ^ c them on for some purpose ot their own—Gulwau Vindiitor .
. Galwav Rbukv i 3 oM » u « Bit . —At n meotiiig of trie Galway Relief Committee on Friday , it was stated that the leader of a mob who . attacked tic house of Mr Clements , county surveyor , on Monday , because he had been refused work , had £ 25 in his possession when taken by tho police . _ A member of the committee stated that a certain landlord- isaued tickets to the comfortable tenants them to the unfortunate beins to afford the him his rent . Robbrry of FLoun . laden with flour , the of this , town , \ vcvo .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Nov. 14, 1846, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_14111846/page/7/
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