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,. l6V 1JtlJ^ fclAft FREEDOM. , -'. 5 \f...
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NATIONAL ASSUOlATlUiN OF UNITED TfiADES.
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©fittoeratw iaobemettts
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%gr Our Friends will oblige hy forwardin...
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TO THE EDITOR OF THE STAR OF FREEDOM. Si...
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CHARTISM. WEgT RIDING DELEGATE MEETING A...
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objected, on the part of his locality, t...
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NATIONAL CHARTER ASSOCIATION. Tho follow...
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THE O'CONNOR FVND. Brought forward £7 0s...
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GUIDE TO THE LECTURE-ROOM, Literary Inst...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Factory Movjement. To The Editoit Op Tue...
«*& fm % S that the Factory !* £ » £ » j » n ? S , i is Those millowners who keep the law a 5 lrSed to an unfair and an unequal competition fr gfto seH their A goods in « same markets wuh ^ W / , f ^ ^ Law That course is broadly hinted at by ? . Fco r-oniist / and would no doubt meet with the * LJSJ 3 Mr . Bright , Mr . Cobden ,, Sir Charles
rr nd Mr John Arthur RoebucK , antt tne consists Sates of Mssez faire . Many millowners would Sv endorse such a course , not from principle , hut £ an unintelligent self-interest , which is to them r , rvthin « r . The effect of that course would he a I-eVa ! ol the worst horrors of the Factory System , ronmetition would he quickened , wagos reduced , lwoSi , inen , and children he 'killed off' b y steam ^ The ' other course is that kid down in a resolution recently agreed to by a meeting of Factory Delegates held atTodrnorden : — . " „ at U 5 s the unanimous * T h > i . v , « . f this meeting « iattio law Hiort , " areitricJnnOUtll 9 UiOv ' : S !! i jKAWr , aad under revere j . t-.: tla ; s , canc - < vea « etiial ! ypr « iect-hsrighHan interests of those w . * it ) . ; rc fntit ' ed thebineSt ? of factory ac ' . s .
- w „ , '" w ^ are not aware what the nature of the « penalties ' re erred to raav he . as nadsrstoni by tho Factory Deletes . Experience baa anw ; v sho -va that pecuniary penal fies alone are not sufficient : in a word , men who Ivswm-rticaUy and intentionally violate a lav ? passed by tho i «« islainre to protect women and children , are at best on a level with felons , nnd should be treated in a liko m ~ r . If a neglected child of poverty ' nibble ' fire shihugsfioo Jib Docket ofa law-breakingmanufacturer , ^ ^ J '' f smrufacturer in his capacity as masjstrae 5 nes the , deli £ cnt ,, t a farthing and bids i . an to < JF lo »» OT ^ £ Wiv to pav a premium on " nibbling Way greater 4 uV should " be shown to men of wealtn , claiming to be con sidered « free agents' we are unable to csmprehmd . ^ in
Heartilvdowe wish the Factory Operatives snecew fir endeavour to procure a law to ies . net tue moving vb * w . Tliev have no reason to doubt or success . True , & Erideiisiiomore . Thc memovy of that nsemland £ good man sboaM be cherished . Jug iund , t t & u hour £ 3 need of him . Mr . Samuel EeMen , son of the ate lobu Ficlden , has lately distinguishec himself by his advo-Sv of labour's rights . Richard 0 * tier , tec Faciory S ' a trnlv nataid good man , is still spared to advise Md ' « SS ° Ur , der such guidance success is sure . This time there must be no raistase . nrinr-inlo Tl-e Factorv Question is a great question . The principle on iblch FacTorv iJg idatioa'W * , b «« t tbe very root of thesochl amotion of the masses . foperienco will make thstfacfc raoreprominent in tbe future than it has been in tho mot . 'Ltt things alone' is no part of our creed . Incur i-d ^ ment , proportion is the great law or th * material aniief « e and should be of human action . To adjust means in « ds on-ht Jo be the rtudv of all philosophers and
statesmen ; not to let evil beget evil , « nd hope that order will be tie offspring of anarchy , as is vainly , and , we will add , lgno . rntlv , done bv the laisse : faire , lahscz alUr school of economist ? , who ha ve been and are now the consistent n s mistaken opponents of Factory Legislation , Gracchus .
,. L6v 1jtlj^ Fclaft Freedom. , -'. 5 \F...
,. 1 JtlJ ^ fclAft FREEDOM . , - ' . 5 \ fiV lO , l & M . * - ' ¦ — . ——^^^ ' . *
National Assuolatluin Of United Tfiades.
NATIONAL ASSUOlATlUiN OF UNITED TfiADES .
" HAT JUSTiriA . " " if it were possible for the worldng classes , by combininp amour incmselves , to raise , or keep up the general rate of . vases ! it need hardly be said Si . it tbis would be a thing not to he jsnisnea , but to be welcomed andrejoiced at . "— Stoakt Mslu \ ddress of the central committee ' to the jiesibers and friends of the national association of united trades , and to the gexeral body of the working men
OF GREAT BRIfAlN . FeU-OW Wgbksiex . —The Central Committee , on emerging from one of the most protracted and harrassing strugg les recorded in the annals of labour , have embraced the earliest opportunity of reviewing their position , and that of the great movement entrusted to their guardianship . Upon no former occasion have the acknowledged constitutional rig hts of labour heen subjected to a mora sustained and unrelenting persecution ; and never has unscrupulous and vindicative tyranny met with a firmer or more uncompromising resistance . The legal rig ht of combination has been signally and triumphantly maintained- Not the slightest imputation was ventured by the judges of the Queen ' s
Bench against tho strict legality of the National Association of United Trades . The Committee were made parties to , and held responsible for , tho acts of others which they neither approved nor participated in , and the imprisonment , to which two of them have been subjected , resulted from a systematic and wicked tissue of fabricated evidence . The committee , when they found themselves so unjustly involved in the late prosecutions , -considered only the duty they owed to the cause they advocated , and , indifferent to all personal wnsideratwa , determined to justif y , snd not to apologise for any part of their proceedings in connexion with the "Wolverhamoton Strike . All offers
of compromise , whereby they mignt have escaped the inconveniences of imprisonment , were rejected , and their counsel were instructed to avow and defend their proceedings upon the princi ple of their strict legality . This policy eventuated in the triumphant recognition of the legal ri ght of industrial combination as pronounced in the elaborate judgment of Mr . Justice Patteson . The limits within which combinanation is lawful ( however narrow ) is now defined and understood , and the working classes of this country , whenever they can appreciate the value of the associative princi p le as a protective agent against the
usurpations of capital , may , unhesitatingly , appl y themselves ( in strict accordance with law ) to the perfecting a National Federation for their mutual ' benefit . The committee are proud to acknowledge the sustained fidelity which has been shown by various bodies in connexion with this Asaociation ; and they feel that they would he guilty of a great dereliction of dry , were they not to apply themselves with all the energy in their power to resuscitate an association which has passed not onl y unscathed through so severe an ordeal , bat comes oat from it legalised ia all its leading features and principle ? .
The legality of coma : n ? tiou having thus been judicially established , ths capitaihia have shown a determination to riait with more than the tains and penalties of law , that which f he las ? proclaims no crime . Thsy usurp the attributes of the Legislature , and forbid ns to " do that which the legislature sanctions ; and the great success of the Master Engineers in the recent dispute with their men . leaves no probable danht but that their snectssf ul policy will be reenacted hy employers in oth ? r trades on any future occasion , whenever ckcumstawies , in their opinion , may tender snch a conrseljudicions . That the trades , who are only aectionally combined , must succumb to stch an attack , whenever it may be made , there cannot remain a doubt , after the lamentable defeat of the Amalgamated Society of Engineers , & c . There is but one course op » n to the trades of Great Britain by which to counteract this unconstitu'icnal interference with their recosnissd liberties . It " is the one remedv we have
long unavailing ! ? pointed to : —A national combination of tbe whale of the trades in a confedr-raiive union far their mutual protection from ail aggression upon their rights , from whatever quarter those aggressions may emanate . Our opinion ; , so frequently expressed in favonr ( f thi ? , as t ! ie onhj effective remedy , we now agiin reiterat ? , strengthened and cnSnned by recent facts . We , therefore , the Central Committee of the National Association of United Trades , by right ef priorhy , by being * fce first , and , for several y ? ars , the only advocates of this Principle , call upon the Trades of Great Britain , aa tbey ^ ne t ue perfect freedom of Labour , ihe sacred ri ght of C 3 j ahitia * iQa as the legitimate mode of settling the rn ; e of
a | e Vi & e hoars of work , and the general amajeimnts D * ltich their Labour shslj ha given , to take lbs niate i : Ao imEech-e cmsiieratien . and to rally round the jJ sae ' ea * wh ' nh is now open for their adoption , ar a ^ entra ' Committee propose , that as many Trades as e Ispr-Sfd to maintain tbe .-gbt of combination , and coner indnslrkl confederation as the only or the tes » vf . ° f ent 0 adoption , to communicate their adhesion to ^ Pnnci ple-t . thtSscretary of the National Association—Con ' Execa " m "; 3 a * « earliest opportunity , call a oatl ; * " ^ « the Trail . ? . ? , and submk for their approval st ftL ' - 'V ° SUC ' 1 a coakderation , based upon those principles im ! " ! at a'dtveuts . been tested by aa experience of D 9 * ** ea 5 ears .
3lr U Cnui ' --Mmj. 0* I'Noobess.-Saturd...
3 lr u cnui ' --Mmj . 0 * i ' nooBESs .-Saturday afternoon ftf-on \ leclBiei atTsHixhall to about four hundred tteU . ' «' * ' :, 2 he lectured in the Hail of Proau aiTi ^^? - ' l 2 jne ! iCe ofJLeoiogy . " After theketsrc Tue ,,, - u : 32 as -- * n « -.- < s kept up to a Jate hour . On to a " i £ ^ v -tt- fe « ur * i en the «« LUe of Thorn .. ? Paino " ** Tu ; i iudl - " ' repeatedly applauded the lecture . tte *« .,, ! r- ovcwn 2 s ?« oi , d k-ctare wiii be tfliu-red on of Picedn « ' 2 < Lr ' Er 00 r " 3 n , l 0 t " ced tiat the " Star W Z f , " "'" sorted the report respectin tr Ihe Hall , ^ wm vJ ? f ? a ? tUat had done so . Xert Snndav ^ en . n ^ fV Brri > m ' « l lecture near Vauxball , in the ** *&* \ l ~ L * l > ca "Mrxtiziitfs raganisra . " On cf J 4 p , ad ?»*» » lake plnce i-a tbe " Cause Co a » is , , ? !' „ : ! nd - " fiends can see the " Star of Free-• - " ¦« on lecture ni gi-ts .
©Fittoeratw Iaobemettts
© fittoeratw iaobemettts
%Gr Our Friends Will Oblige Hy Forwardin...
% gr Our Friends will oblige hy forwarding reports of Ch irtist meetings , and other Democratic proceedings .
THE PATRIOT REFUGEES OF ALL SATJ 05 S . A meeting of leading Democrats , residing in the metropolis , took place on Sunday a'lernoon last , in tbe Coffee ltoom of the John-street Institution , to take into consideration the present unhappy position of the Refugees , numbers of whom are in a state of absolute starvation . The meeting bad bean convened by a circular signed by Ju . ian llarnev , Thornton Hunt , Garald Massey , and D . \\ . Hutfy , who was elected to the chair , and briefly opened the proceedings . ix .. attention
Julu-V Harset said , it ffas necessary to draw to the number of German , French , Polisii , and Hungarian Refugees , now in this metropolis , without , or with very little , employment , or means of subsistence ; a « I willing to work if tliev could only find employuien :. He tbou « Jt it became the Democrats and friends of humanity resiuiiijj within the united Q ieendom . to see what could be done lor them ; several deputations lr , d called on him respecting thia « wtt « r , awl thus bad he baen induced to undonaketae work of initiation . Ho thought it necessary tiiat local coaimittees bhould t ; e formed , and ia operation over the entire country , and so operating as to form a national boiiy . Sir . Harney here rend a ttatemcm ; Of the number their
of French Refu <» css at present unemployed , with several trades , & c . ; and said , if counuittees , such as ho naufd were formed , lie coatd not think there would he much difficulty in finding' them employment . Among the p fiK'cs ivere a num ber of Poles , and being Poles , it was Ou ' ite ° suffieient for them to be suspected , and everywhere hunted by the satellites of tho blood-Yoeking tyrants , tho more especially as tho Poles were ever ready to act as soldiers oi liberty in any part of the globe . The Chaiumax next read letters from Viscount Godench , W . Sswtoii , . Mr . Brayfield , G . W , JI . Reynolds , and others , regretting their inability to attend , hut pledging tbemsclvea to g ivc every possible assistance . A letter Was also read from Colonel Stoizman , submitting some valuable
suggestions to tho meeting . Tueodoke KAncnER ( French Refugee ) said , their unfortunate brethren wero now in the streets of tbe metropolis , to the number of seventy ; thtse unhappy men bad no employment . On their behalf be had applied to Sir . Harney , to ask him to make known their condition to the British people , and see , if through their aid , work could not be obtained . He was aware of the difficulty that would arise from the waut of knowledge of the English language , on the part of many of the Refugees , and unfortunately they had not money to pay to learn that language ; but they desired to give lessons ia the French , German , and Indian languages for any they might receive in the English tongue . On behalf of bis exiled brethren ho could only thank Mr , Harney and the other friends who had taken such a warm and lively interest in their be half .
Siasislaus WoaCEiit ( Polish Refugee ) on behalf of the Poles , said , he begged to taank Mr . Harney and the other friends who had interested themselves in tbe cause of the persecuted of all lands . The Polish emigrants of 1 S 31 had obtained government grants until within the last few years , and had more or less acquired the English languages , and obtained employment—for those ho asked nothing . But there were those who had taken part in the campaigns of Baden , Hungary , < fcc , < fcj ., and others who had been driven out of France , & o „ simply because they were
suspected of being democrats , altogether numbering , probably , 300 . Some few of whom had obtained employment at a remuneration of some " sis shillings per week , and who " could , therefore , exist and hope on ; but there were " others who had no employment , and but little food , and " who could not possibly exist far more than a week or " two longer , unless some sustenance was provided for tbem . " It was these he especially recommended to their care and attention . Many of them had been driven out of France , the Grand Duchy of Posen , < Ssc , merely because they had corresponded with their friends in London ,
. — . Senium ( German Refugee ) addressed tbe meeting in French , which was translated by JI . Theodore Karcher , as follows : —He had only some few general matters to mention as regards tho German Refugees . There wero some 300 of them in London , some sixty or seventy of whom were unemployed ; most of them hadrece . vcd what was considered on ths Continent a liberal education . The great difficulty was , to find employment for those who were not , strickly speakiri "' , mechanics or workmen . lie , on behalf of himself and German brethren , cordiaily thanHed the English Democrats and other friends of humanity , for taking up their cause . M . Wobceu , on behalf of the Italian Refugees , said , the Friends of Italy were better organised ; and , consequently , the Italian Refugees were more happily situated than their more unfortunate brethren of other nations .
Robskt Le Bloxd said , the sympathies of all human men must be excited by tho statements just made . The people h = td allowed themselves to be befooled hy knaves on each side of " The Puddle , " by the cry of "They are foreigners . " As though men of all nations wero not m-ide of one flesh and blood ; and were , therefore , to all intents and purposes , brethren . It occurred to him the .-issistancerequired was threefold ; firstly , pecuniary ; secondly , employment ; thirdly , educational ; tho latter to inculcate , far and wiac , the great principle of human brotherhood . Let Englishmen remember it might be their lot some day to become refugees ; then how sweet would be the recollection that they had done their duty to their brethren of other countries .
J . B . Leso thought the best course to pursue would be to form a committee . He liked the idea of mutual teaching mash ; a committee , such as had been suggested , would ba essentially necessary in the good work . With such a committee in action , the whole of the Democratic press might be moved , and and they would speedily find 200 , 000 in action in their behalf . He would move That the persons present constitute sucb committee , with powr to add to its numbers . Mr . XicnoLLs seconded the motion for a committee . He thought they should have a printed list of all seeking employment ; and Zet not those present think that sympathy for the unfortunate Refugees was confined to Democrats * ; persons who took no part in politics generally had sympathy for those men . J . J . Bezeu was in favour of a Committee . He looked on the question as one of duty , not charity , and it would reflect eternal disgrace upon tho British people , if 1 hey lot those men perish of want .
IIsnrt Holtoake said , on behalf of himself and brothers , they would be ready to give all the aid possible ; and he thought , with the aid of Mr . George Dawson , there would be no difficulty in obtaining very considerable aid from Birmingham and the sun-rounding districts . THOE . vro . v Iluxr said , ha felt they had more difficulties to overcome snch as the general apathy that pervaded all political patties at the present time . The appeal must be to the general public , who had considerable sympathy for the Refugee ? , and if the ear of the public could be obtained , be thought great help might be obtained . The Voles wora very models of nationality , and he thought it a disgrace that such men should be compelled to exist like paupers . With these views he was in favour of a Committee for the purpose of appealing to the largest number of Englishmen —obtaining subscriptions , and such information as miebt be of service hereafter . " .
After a few words from Messrs . Arnoti , Grassby . H . Rosa and Julian Harney , the resolution , worded as follows , was carried unanimously : — That the persons present ^ applauding the noble efforts of raen vthobave lougbt for freedom and nationality , and sympathising jrilfc the saftering refugees now in tbis country , resolve to constitute themselves a Provisional Committee , to obtain employment for the refugees according , if possible , to their capacity and present knowledge of trade or profession . Also to collect funds necessary to sustain tbe exiles while unemployed . At the request of the Committee , George Mian Harnev consented to act as secretary pro . urn . Messrs . Harney , Thornton Hant , and Massey were appointed a sab-Committee to draw up an address to the public , and the Committee adjourned until Mondav next evening . '
To The Editor Of The Star Of Freedom. Si...
TO THE EDITOR OF THE STAR OF FREEDOM . Sir , —Could you give the annexed insertion in the columns of your widely circulated newspaper ? Knowing your willingness at alt times to assist the working classes , and as onr object is to test the sympathy of our trade ( the masons ) 011 the present occasion , we solicit your aid . And as ihe man for whom ive plead is persecuted hy the iron hand of despotism , we think you also will deeply sympathise with him . I am , Sir , yours respectfully , Oa behalf of tbe Commiilee , J . Turner , Szcretarv . NADAUD , THE MASOX REPRESENTATIVE TO THE FRENCH ASSEMBLY . TO THE MiSOXS OF THE BXtTEO KlSGBfitt .
Faixow \ Vorkme . v , —We need not offer an apoloey for bringing the present address before you . Tie object in which we are engaged is one in which wo truly think every mason in the United Kingdom ought to feel interested . As the heading of our remarks announce Xadacd , tbe mason representative , it is oa his behalf we wish to enlist your warmest sympathy—not merel y tbe sympathy of condoling words , but that noble and more endurinar sympathy which resolves itself into generous actions—actions ' which live tunni-h ail time , and which imprint never to be effaced impr ? S 6 : oi . s on the minds of both recipient ? and donors . The name of him for whom we plead is spread worl-J wiJc /; amongst the operatives of France bis name has become a household word in conjunction with those principles which will eventually revolutionise the world , place laoour in its true position , nnd man in bis true social state . Sadaud , an operative mason , by industry and sobriety
was enabled , prior to 1 S !> , 10 become proprietor of one of the largest Eating Houses in Paris frequented by th < : working classes , and after the Revolution in February of that ywir thousands of working men were thrown idle , and ail t :: c Masons nearly of Paris amongst tho number . Did Xadaud withdraw , as it wero , within himself , for ho had canital at command ? 2 fo , no ; not so . lie did an act wiiich should enshrine his name and niemoiy i : i tbe minds of all those who live by toil—be generously gave all he bad , and that was no small sum , to " feed tho hungry and clothe the naked ; * ' tbey , in return , whatever they co ' uid become hoacith possessed of , brought in to the one exchequer , and they had all things in common , and , by his zeal and honesty , thousands were kept from starving . Acts so nobly performed raised him in the estimation of his fellow-men , and , as . 1 proo f of the feelings which animated them , tbey ^ elected him a representative to tha National Assembly of France . Well did he merit the distinction they had placed
To The Editor Of The Star Of Freedom. Si...
upon him , and dirihestly did he perform the duties of a Representative of the people ; but a more gloomy day was in store for France , and her noblest sons , having committed no crime except contending for the ri ghts of man ( if that be a crime)—some were most brutally massacred , others banished to the wild wastes of Lambissa or the swamps of Cayenne without having had the chance of a trial . This is done by Louis Napoleon and the money class of France to prevent tho working classes from justly organising labour . Nadaud was amongst ' the latter number , banished for life to Cayenne ; but they sold tho hide before they skinned the bear—he slipped through their fingers , crossed the frontiers into Belgium , from thonce to England , and he is now amongst us a stranger in a strange land , an exile from the home of his fathers , perhaps never
more to return . When Kings , Princes , and fallen Statesmen Reek the shores of England as an asylum from the vengeance that is pursuing thern , does not the king-class and the aristocracy ofthis country give them a cordial welcome ? Can we do less with one of our own class ? We think not . Bat apart from anything like political sympathy , on the broad grounds of humanity wo have a right to assist him , ho ia one of our own craft , and is it not , a patent fact , that no profession in the world , irrespective of creed or clime , have such fraternal feelings as masons ? Lot , us not , on the present , occasion , forfeit kucIi a noble principle . There is a committee formed for getting up a subscription for this patriotic exile , and we wis ]] it , not to be couiined to London , or any one portion of tho country , but that each and all in connexion with the trade should have aa opportunity of expressing tbw deepest sympath y with true nobility iu misfortune . The committee arc desirous that the patriotic ieehnga of the U'atle shall be drawn iortli
on the present ocsasion . The committee sit every Friday evening , at the ** Craven Head , " Dniry-lane , to which place all communications must be addressed . Subscriptions from the country are to bo sent either in Post office Orders or Postage Stamps , made payable at the Lambeth Post-office , to Joseiui Torner , Secretary , 13 , Walcot-sguare , llcnnington-road , Lambeth , ( By order of the Committee ) , Samuel Joxes , Chairman . Joseph TtnsEn , Secretary . ilfi . Nar Chapel , Treasurer ,
Chartism. Wegt Riding Delegate Meeting A...
CHARTISM . WEgT RIDING DELEGATE MEETING A TVest Hiding delegate meeting was held at Mitchell ' s Temperance Hotel , Union-street , Bradford , 011 Sunday last , May 9 th ; Delegates present : Joseph AUlcrson and Thomas Cameron , for Bradford ; fcaae fjlfesett , Halifax j Robert Roper , Bing ey ; William Emctt , Keighly . Mr . Joseph ^ lbeiis o . v was unanimousl y called to the chair ; The Secbetaw called attention to the first article in the programme , which was to take some efficient means to secure the liberation of Frost , Williams , and Jones , the present being deemed a favourable opportunity to secure that object . Mr : CLissEirsaw , by the programme of the Manchester Council , that the matter would be brought before the Conference about to assemble at that place , and might , therefore , be left with that body .
Mr . Embii said they could not acknowledge cither the Manchester Council , or the Conference catted by that body : Who were those parties , and whence had they tbis power ? They had an Executive elected by the suffrages of the Chartist body ; and ho thought if four men in Manchester , of whom they knew little or nothing , wero to usurp the functions of the Executive , which was the legitimate head , they would bo laying down a dangerous precedent , which might end in the utter disruption of the Chartists as an united body . Perhaps they would no sootier have concluded their labours , and appointed an Executive over the head of the present , than there would be another Council of unknown men in Birmingham , calling a Conference to sot aside the labours of the Manchester one ; and , after that , another someffhero else , and so on in endless succession until the movemeent was broken up into factions . His constituents did not acknowledge tbe Manchester Conference , and denied their right to . call a Convention , or transact any other business which belonged to the
Executive ; Mr . Clksett asked if things had not arrived it that pasa that it became a question whether they would not be doing more harm , to the cause by waiting until the Executive called a Conference , tiisn by allowing some portion of the Chartist body to take the power , out of their hands . Jlr . Euan wished to know whether the people done their duty by putting the means into tho Executivo ' s hands , without which it was impossible for them to do anything s He thought , before they talked of allowhis : another party to usurp the Executive functions , they ought to pay the debt which was hanging over their beads . If , after that , it was thought that a Conference was necessary , and tho Executive refused to call one , then would be tho time to empower some one else to do so . Mr : Clissktt replied that the Executive had been doing the work of other parties ; and he did not consider that they could serve two masters , especially . when the principles of those masters wero opposed to each other .
Mr . Witcocif , of Bradford , though not a delegate , wished as a friend and one of their body , to make a few observations . He would again ask them what the people had done to enable the Executive to do any thing , for Mr . Clissitt bad not attempted to answer that question . On the contrary ; had not he who was now creating all tho division and confusion in our ranks , unjustifiably quitted his post , and thrown all the obstacles in their way which misrepresentation and downright falsehood were capable of ? Mr , Cameron stated that Mr . Holyoake had attended a meeting of tho Financial Reformers , and voted and spoke against tho Charter ; and he thought their principles were not safe in such hands :
Mr . Wilccck contended that Mr . Holyoake was not acting in his official capacity as an officer of tho Chartist body , but as an independent man , who was a member of the Parliamentary Reform Association as well as a Chartist . The meeting in question was a meeting of the Parliamentary Reformers , called by circulars , and not a meeting called to test public opinion , Some few Chartists bad been invited to express their opinion ; but that was all . They had no right to move resolutions or amendments , any more than a Financial Reformer had to come to this delegate meeting , ane move amendments on our resolutions . He contended that Mr . Holyoake was justified in keeping to the business
for which the meeting was called , and he felt convinced from what he knew of Mr . Holyoake , that had the Parliamentary Reformers entered a Chartist meeting for the purpose of moving amendments on our resolutions , he ( Mr . Holyoake ) would have defended Chartism . Mr . Holyoake was one of those men who believed that the Charter could be best obtained b y the aid of the middle classes , and they were aware of that when they elected him on their Executive , and had therefore no right to complain . He believed Mr . Holyoake to be an upright , honest man , and one who believed that the course he was pursuing was best calculated to serve the cause .
The Chairman thought that Mr . Holyoak , as a member of the Executive , had deviated from the programme , \? h \ oh stated that they were to go for nothing less than the Charter . Mr . Wil ' cock thought that argument might be applied to thera all , for they were Republicans ; and were therefore acting on expediency , and not on principle , in seeking the Charter merely . Mr . Cameron stated , that Mr . Holyoake had gone to another , meeting of the fiuancials , and there abused and
insulted the Chartist body . Mr . WacocKsaid , Me . Holyoake had explained that iu ' s remarks had reference only to Mr . Jones and his followers ; and he asked any one , after the outrageous and unjust treatment which , for a long course of time , ? Mr . Holyoake had received at the hands of that faction , if he was not justified in doing as he had done ? All the delegates expressed their opinion that Mr , Holyoake was honest and sincere , and was-pursuing the course which he thought best calculated to serve them , but they thought he was in error .
Mr . Wilcock thought Mr , Holyoake was in error , but not intentionally so , and it was just possible that they might be in error , and not Mr . Holyoake , they vieye not infallible . Mr . Suacklktos thought , however they might differ from Mr . Holyoake on tho present occasion , he was entitled to their gratitude for 1 m past services in the cause of human progress . He differed entirely from that school of politicians who deemed it impossible for any one to think differently from themselves , except from dishonest motives . Mr . CussErr moved "That we abide b y the decision which had been come to respecting the Manchester Conference . " Seconded by Mr . Cameron . Mr . Ciissett ' s motion was carried by a majority of two . The case of Frost , Williams , and Jonee , was then gone into . It was considered best not to mix up the case of those men with anv others .
Mr . Emeu moved , "That Sir Joshua Walmsley , Lord Dudley Stuart , Mr . Hume , and Mr . Wakley , be requested to wait upon the government to further the " object in view . " Agreed to . Mr . Emett then moved , " That Mr . Kydd be invited to attend the West Riding Election for the purpose of being put in nomination . " Carried nem . con . M . Camkrox moved , "That Mr . Ironside ? , of Sheffield , be requested to act as treasurer to the Election Fund , and to nominate him at "Wakefield with Mr . Kydd , and that , should he refuse , Mr . R . Brook , of Huddersfield , be applied to . " Agreed to . On the question of the policy by which the new Executive , which was about to be elected , should be guided , Mr . Ropek moved the following resolution on tbe subject : — " That we are in favour of a paid Executive of three , but wo are of opinion before such an Executive can be called into existence an ample fund must bo provided to support
them , aud enable them efficiently to carry out our principles . And in order to carry out that object we would suggest that a fund of £ 1 , 000 be raised . The following being , in our opinion , the most feasible means by which that fund can be raised : —Having ascertained the number of organised localities , the sum be ' uivideil equally amongst them , according to population , and that each locality pledge itself to pay its quota within a given time , to be hereafter agreed upon . And in order to facilitate , and make more certain , the collection of the funds in tho localities , we recommend that a-: soon as each locality has ascertained the amount which it will havo to raise , that a number of their best , most intelligent , and most influential men , corresponding in number to tho number of pounds to be raised ia the district , and that each man pledge himself to beg , or pay , £ 1 within the time specified . And we further recommend that tho policy of such Executive be conciliatory and fraternal in its action , instead of antagonistic and de-
Chartism. Wegt Riding Delegate Meeting A...
nunciatory as heretofore , and that their timo bo devoted to the pcaccabto enunciation of our princi ples instead of attacking other men and public bodies ; and wo are further of opinion that the parties who are appointed on the Execu tire be men of sober habits and good moral characters and unconnected with any newspaper or periodical , it bein ' s in our opinion , impossible for such men to follow their own business and attend to ours . " Mr . Siiacklbton stated that this plan of raisin" the money was his ; bo had proposed it long ago . He haa laid it before Mr . Jones at Halifax . Mr . Jones had told him that it would be impossible to raise tho money . Rut he thought if 1 , 000 men could not bo found in England and Scotland who would place themselves in such a position they might as well " shut up . " The delegates thought the plan was a good one , and if properly taker , up would , they had no doubt , be highly successful .
Mr . Clisseti thought the Executive should be allowe d to exercise their own judgment as to how they dealt with other men and bodies . Mr . Siuciiuios stated that the Executive would be the proper servants , and mustspend their time in spreading Chartist principles , and strengthening the organisation ; but if they were allowed to ran aside and bark and grin at everything that came in their way they would end ouly in tilling the country with enemies to Democracy . Mr . Clissett wanted to kuo's bow they were to proceed in cases where | uib ! ic meeting ! wci-e called for the purpose of testing public opinion on certain political questions ?
Mr . Shackleton thought that tn cases of that kind Ihe parties in the locality where such meetings were called would be best able to judge what course to pursue . If tht-y were confident of having a majority , if thoir amendmen ts were put to the vote ' , they might move them , but if , as was now the case in Halifax and Bradford , they wero confident of being voted doffii by uieotiues of their own order , their best plan would bo to attend tho meetings , show the fallacies of the principles that were laid before them , and leave the people to judge . Mr . Emeti and Mr . Alderson expressed tho same opinion . Mr . Wilcock was of opinion , that the course which Mr , Jones had pursued towards the Trades' Unionists and Cooperators had operated most disastrously for tho martyr
causo . Mr . Clisseti was of opinion that the course pursued by Mr . Jones was necessary , in order to arouse those parties to a sense of their political bondage , and the worthlessness of their Societies , as » means of emancipating the people . Mr * SnACKMTON thought the discussion of Trades and Co-operative theories mi ght have been of use if the discussion had been conducted in a proper spirit . But instead of attempting to persuade tho Co-operatovs , & c , as a friend , Mr . Jones had tried to crush them as an enemy . Everything that made against them had been duly chronicled ; whilst every thing in their favour had been as carefully suppressed . The Trades' Unionists and Co-operators had been told they wero the aristocracy of labour , and they must be crushed ; and their leaders bad been designated as rogues or fools . Now , that was not the way to make friends of men . Mr . Cameron thought that Mr . Jones bad erred not so much in attacking those bodies as in tbe unfair , one-aided , and malignant manner in which , ho had done it .
Mr . Siiacklbton said , the day of attempting to carry out Chartist principles in an antagonistic manner had gone by . Most of those whom he saw there were veterans in the cause ; and could they recollect a single instance of a man having left them because they had not been sufficiently antagonistic ? But , on the contrary , could they not point to hundreds who had left , or refused to join them , because of their factious conduct ? . And yet they wero told by one , who was only a raw rtcruit , that in order to succeed they must become more antagonistic , and more denunciatory ! If the people continued to listen to this political sangrado , they would soon have no Society at all . The best test of any particular kind of policy was seen in the progess which tho principles made under that policy . If it was found that their numbers and influence increased , then they ought
to continue that policy ; but , if tho reverse was the case , then that policy was wrong . Now , what was the case with regard to the Chartist body % They had been decreasing both in numbers and influence for several years . The fault lay not in the principles , for no men now ventured to call them in question . It must therefore l » y in their policy , which must be reversed if tbey must succeed . The delegates all concurred in this view of the question . Mr Wilcock said , they had placed themselves before tho public in the odious light of a mere squabbling and contentious faction , who existed only to breed strife and confusion , and to devour and destroy each other . The attack which had lately been made and was now being continued , and ia which they were called to join , upon Mr . Harney , was most unjust and disgraceful .
Mr . Emeti said , that Mr . Harney bad joined the Chartist ranks when a mere boy , and had been one of tho most straight forward up-right , consistent , and independent men in the ranks . At the timo when Mr . O'Connor was surrounded by a set of crawling sycophants and parasites , lie ( Mr . Harney ) had ventured , at the risk of his livelihood , to oppose the course of folly into which those laen led Mr . O'Connor . The delegates all bore testimony to Mr . Harney ' s great services and consistent conduct in tke cause , and * thought it would bo an eternal disgrace to the Chartists bodyj if they allowed him to bo sacrificed , The resolution was carried unanimousl y . Mr . Alderson , of Bradford ; Mr . Clissett , of Halifax , and Mr . Shackleton , of Queenshead ; wore then appointed an Observation Committee over the West Riding Election , with power to add to their number . Christopher Shackleton , Secretary ,
Objected, On The Part Of His Locality, T...
objected , on the part of his locality , to tbe election of delegates , after a tea party , at such a very late hour ; he thought it gave them neither time nor opportunity for investigating the merits of the several candidates . The objection was over-ruled . —The chairman said the nominations received from the several localities were as follows : —EfllQSt C . Jones , J . J . Bezer , T . M . Wheeler , C . Morray , J , Finlen , and Thomas Cooper , but the latter gentleman had sent a note declining the nomination . —Mr . Osborne was proposed and seconded , as were Messrs . Dick and Grant , who declined . The several candidates then addressed tbe meeting , with the exception of Mr . Bezer , who was absent , and whose nomination was without his sanction . The votes were then taken , and resulted in the election of Messrs , Jones and Finlen . Mr . C . Murray obtained nearly the same number of votes as Mr . Finlen , the numbers being , for Mr . Finlen , 72 , for Mr . Murray G 4 . The election of the former caused somedissatisfaetion amongst the friends of the latter . The proceedings terminated ata very late hour .
xiije ; uiAsuuiiiuriK . uuwjnsujsiNUJS—METROFOLITAN DELEGATES . A public meeting , convened by the Metropolitan Council was held at the Finsbury Literary and Scientific Institution Little Saffron-hill , on Tuesday night , May the 11 th , 1 S 52 The meeting was preceded by a tea sou-ce , at which sixt persons sat down , presided over by Mr . J . Pinion . —Th followinc ; sentiments were given : — "The Sovereign People , ' ' < The People ' s Prean , " «• The People ' s Charter , as th means to tho end" " Social Reform , " "The Ladies , " which were spoken to by Messrs . Finlen , Sharp , Bligh , Wheeiei Stratton , Belfield , Jones , Murrey , < fec—The tea being over tbe public meeting commenced ; the number of person present being increased to upwards of 200 in all . —Mi Bligh was called to the chair . —Mr . Elliott proposed th following resolution : — "That this meeting hereby pledge itself not to support any delegate but such as supports th principles of the People ' s Charter as propounded by th National Chavtev Association . " Seconded by Mr . Ilu ' lmc and carried unanimously . —Mr . Knowles rose and said , h
Metropolitan Delegate . Couscit . —This body held it usual weekly meeting on Sunday , May 9 tb . Mr . A Grant in tho chair . —Mr . Warren to ' ok his scat as delogat from tho Hoxton locality . —On Mr . Wheeler bringing up th report of the O'Connor Committee Mr . P . Farrah movei its adoption , and read the following resolution , which bai been passed at the last-meeting of his locality : —•• That ii tho opinion of this locality the Metropolitan Delegate Council has no right to call for subscriptions to have Mr O'Connor ' s accounts audited ; neither shall we subscrihi anything till we know Mr , O'Connor ' s financial position . ' —Mr . G . Farrah then read a resolution of a similar cha racier , which bad been agreed to by the Iloxton locality , Report adopted , —Mr . Farrah , in reference to the « oiV «<
resolved on last week , read a resolution from his locality ( the City ) condemnatory of the invidious selection of one paper as the organ of Chartism , and thus , by implication , endeavouring to bring another into disrepute . —Mr . Wheeler said he had left twenty-five of the soiree tickets at the office of Mr . O'Brien ' s Xational Reform League , and next day received a letter by no means flattering to Mr . Ernest Jones . —Mr . E . Jones was at a loss to account for tie hostility of Mr . O'Brien . —Mr . C . Murray , a member of the Reform League , having obtained leave to speak , vindicated Mr .. O'Brien and his policy . Report adopted . — Mr . Bligh , from Greenwich , handed in 5 s . towards the expenses of the delegation to Manchester . —Mr , F . Farrah reminded tho delegates that a resolution on tho books stated thai ; until sufficient funds were in hand to pay the
said : expenses , tbey ought not to take any further step-The Council wero iu debt . —Mr . Washington thought it wise and prudent to deter the nomination till the financial statements of the different localities had been made . Until they had sufficient funds or a guarantee of funds for the expenses , it would be unjust to put anv person in nomination , still more unjust to elect anv one . They would placa their chosen man in a very unenviable position if they were compelled to declare they could not pav his expenses after bis election . —Mr . E . Jones said that the Council depended to a great extent upon tho soiree to furnish sufficient funds fur the expenses , nnd trusted that no difficulties would be thrown in tlieway . -Mr . Washington could give no hopes ot support from bis locality , and read a resolution which his locality had instructed him to read , condemning
m strong terms the conduct of the Council in supporting this Convention . ( f he resolution is to be found in the report from tbe City locality . ) -Mr . Mills said a verv fictions spirit animated the City locality , but he did not believe the resolution came from there .-Mr . p . Farrah was surprised that any such imputation should be thrown out . He was secretary to the City locality , and was present when it was passed , and intended to include it m bis report to the "Star of Freedom , " and other Democratic paVs . -Mr . Washington said that as the consistency of the City locality had been called in question , he " could assure them that the resolution he bad just read had been passed unanimously in a full meeting of mem . bers .-Mr . Wheeler thought that too much time was wasted ia hearing reports from localities . ( Hear . ) It was merely done to enga g e the time , and impede the business of the Council . — Mr . F , Farrah said , that bis locality wished to make a real
Objected, On The Part Of His Locality, T...
statement of their opinions , and to save time they had drawn up tha pithy resolution just read . —Mr . G . Farrah said , there were many men at that Council who only visited their localities once in about six weeks , and all busines , opposed to their notions of right was of course factious and merely done from unreflecting opposition . The speaker ironicallv alluded to the display of denunciatory declamation directed against all who dared to differ with some persons at that Council . ( Hear , hear . )—Mr . Sfcrafctoa thought that this Council should havo one particular organ , and the " People ' s Paper" should be ihe organ , as it would give half of its profits to the movement when there were « ni / ( 7 j .- _ The motion having been seconded , Mr . F . Farrah
thought it discreditable to men assuming to have bro . id views of fraternity to make an invidious selection of ine paper , whilo there was still another paper quite as efficient ami as plain spoken as the ono they had named ; and as to inaaing a papur tho 0 r « an of Chartism , who could define w -h ' « d b 2 ? W 1 , at "as his idea of Chartism would thirA L ! l hko Soouilhim to another ; and while Reform ^ X T * 8 ections of Chartists and Social KHmiv « . > urnal yhloh defen ( led the g ° od " chun tolS leQ thom f ; lir ) y . ™ ^ titled to as great Km " min 5 " hSi ? %° Chwt « m - Ho had no hesitamended in the addreS , ^^ "IfF" ^ 3 TZ
motion , tie thought Chartism rani 1 , 7 i a ^"" u ^ u " ° exponents ; and ho did not ^ ff th ^ SnUf S who could presume to dec do on thn iE \ which had only just . traced into ^ S ^! gj ling moved as an amendment-- "That iu rJ „„ i ' , -vl hold their support from tho « ftr tf « prove Hsoif worthy of it" (!) Tho am nd e t beini s con cd Mr . Paten rose , and after much fu ' some StiS of Mr . Jones ( Mr . Jones being present ) , proceeded tothnnder his eloquence against all the writers of tho «« Star of Free dom , " and denounced Mr . Harney as being "a rc-mwida to his farmer convictions , and unworth y of tho conndnice of the poople . "~ Mr . Clark advisod the withdrawal of tho motion . —Mr . Stratton replied , and during his replv much impatience was manifested by several members , ' as Mr . Stratton frequently wandered from the question to denounce Mr . Kydd , and all writers connected with the "Star . "Tho motion was agreed to .
Ship Localiti- , Beiunal Grees . —Mr . Henderson in the chair . Moved by Mr . Evans , seconded by Mr . KnoivJes' That the delegates to the Metropolitan Delegate Council be requested to state to the Observation Committee , that this locality will not promise any support for sending delegates to Manchester unless sufficient funds are promised by the localities to send two or more delegates . " Carried . Moved by Mr . Evans , seconded by Mr . Knowles— " That in the event of tho Manchester Conference , proposing any measure short of tho People ' s Charter , we request the delegates from London do withdraw . " Carried . Moved by Mr . George Smith , seconded by Mr . Emmcvson— " That this locality pledges itself to support no Executive unless composed of working men ; the number to bo five , and to be paid for their services . " Carried .
Crrr Locality . —Mr . Leno in the chair . Tho minutes of previous meeting having been read and confirmed , and the report from tho Delegate Council received , tho following motions were unanimously agreed to : — " That it is the opinion of this locality , that tho Metropolitan Delegate Council baa no right to call for subscriptions to have Mr . O Connor s accounts audited . . Neither shah wo subscribe anything till we know the real financial position of Mr . O Connor . "— " That this locality is of opinion that the Metropolitan Delegate Council was called into existence for a far different purpose than to get up soirees to one Democratic journal with a vieiv of injuring another ; and that wo , the members of this locality , do not countenance the same . — " That the members of this locality view with regret the strenuous attempt being made bv the Metropolitan
Delegate Council to draw down ridicule upon tha Chartist Movement , by calling , a Convention at a time like tho present , when tho majority of the Chartists have resolved upon withholding their support , and tho remainder aro aestitate of the influence and resources so necessary to render a Convention useful or creditable to Chartism ; and , further more , they are of opinion , that if the same amount of energy had beon more wisely , and perhaps more honestly , exorcised , to pay the debt which now stands as a monument of disgrace to Chartism , they would havo rendered a mow effectual aid to Democracy than any Convention at present is likely to accomplish ; and for these reasons they are determed to give no countenance to any such measure . " The delegates were instructed to read theso resolutions at the Council meeting . The locality then adjourned . —F . Farrah ,
Corresponding Secretary . —P . S . —The members of this locality meet at the St . George Coffee-house , Barbican , City , ereiy Saturday evening , at a quarter to nine o ' clock . Cheltenham . —Junv wo have a paper worth calling Democratic , every place where tho spirit exists ought to report whether , " progress or not . Where there is any good being done it would encourage others to fallow thoir noble example . Where there is no progress in the glorious cause of tbe people , it ought to shame them out of their criminal indifference ; for every man has a sacred duty towards humanity to perform . In this town a few good spirits have , sinco the last ebullition of Chartist feeling in lS 4 S , < ione their best to keep the cause alive , having weekly a room open
for reading and discussion , but neither by occasional lectures , nor by persuasion , could we got a sufficient number of members to pay tbe rent of tbe room , and the postage for the littlo correspondence required . At the mooting last Wednesday evening , being tho last of the quarter , ihe room was given up , and a committee of five appointed to watch events , c . inva-s for mora helpmates to the pood old ctuse , and upon the first favourable opportunity call all the friends together and strive again to reach the goal wo have been SO long and anxiously looking for . Surely it cannot be long ere tbe peoples will again arise to assert their rights . The tyrants , political and social , are straining the cords of oppression so tight they must needs break , and then may they find the whole people ready . If so we must prepare in
time . Coventry . —Tho Chartists ofthis place held their weekly meeting , on Tuesday evening , May 11 , 1852 . Mr . Barnes in the chair . Mr . Auxford wished to know if a report of their meeting was to be sent to the "Star of Freedom . ' ' —The Chairman : " Yes . Mr . Bedder will send a report . " —Mr . Auxford : " We have ' passeda resolution not to sond , aor o . Uqw to be scn < , any report of our meetings to the ' Star , ' till tho' People ' s Paper' is fully established ;" —W . Bedder . - " That is a libel on us as Chartists . We sit hero protesting against despotic power , and practice the same ourselves . "—Chairman : " Order—thnt is not tho object ofthis meeting . "— The Programme to bo laid before the ensuing Conference was then discussed , and resolutions , by way of instructions to tho delegate , were adopted . —Mr . Hosier was elected delegate to the Conference .
iEWCASTLE-ox-TvsE . —Wo arc happy to hear from our ' correspondent at Newcastle-on-Tyne , that the Democrats 3 of that town have taken a splendid Hal ] and Reading ; Rooms in Sun-street : The Democratic Reading Rooms inn that town are progressing favourably . Ouv friends did usjs . the honour of ordering two copies of the ' * Star of Free-idem" weekly ; and , speaking of this , our corresepondenfcifc says : — " I am proud to inform you that , when I drew thoio attention of the members to the paper , thoy declaredd themselves highly pleased with the talent displayed in it , t , and have pronounced it the best paper in the room . " On Sunday , the 2 nd ins ' ., . 1 discussion was held in theie lirgo room . Mr , A . M'Looil in the chair . Subject : — " Will England decay as the great nations of antiquitjtj havo done ? " Several speakers took part , among whorou were Messrs . Charlton , J . CtickAnwn , John Rayne , anim James Hay . The discussion was adjourned till Suudajaj 10 th instant .
National Charter Association. Tho Follow...
NATIONAL CHARTER ASSOCIATION . Tho following items havo been received :-R . D ., lsIs . S . C , Is . ; per Ernest Jones , 3 s . ; Friends at the Bermonont scy Lecture Hall , per E . Preston , 3 s . I 0 il . ; P . Kibbabi Pebbles , p ^ r II . Robinson , Edinburgh , Is . Cd . ; Newporor J . W ., per E . Urry , on . ; Merthyr Ty ' dvil , per John O & wei 5 s . ; Surplus Money of the Washington Locality , per V VI Sibley , 5 s . —Total , £ 1 5 s . 4 d . The . Executive committee , at the request of seveneri friends , have deemed it advisable 10 extend tho time for th th final winding up of the accounts until Thursday nest , MaMa , 20 ih ; and as tho debt is now reduced to about £ 5 , it it ii hoped that a determined effort will be made to pay thithii small amount . James Gkassey , Secretary , y , . 06 , Regent Street , Lambeth .
The O'Connor Fvnd. Brought Forward £7 0s...
THE O'CONNOR FVND . Brought forward £ 7 0 s . 2 d . W . A . B ., per Mr . Roynoldoldu SJ . —a few friends in Leith , per ditto , 2 s . Id . —Duke-streeree : Adult School , Carlisle , per J . Patterson , Y 2 s . 7 d . —Chaman : ber ' s warpers , ditto , per ditto , 5 s . 3 d . —pucsey , per 'ft Y . \ Booth , £ 1 las . Od . —Mr . Seagrave , Farnham , 3 d—tfoltinjtinu ham , per J . Sweet , 4 s . —Ashton-under . L yne , per Willialliau Aitkin , £ 3-J . Beddows , Is . —Byron Ward Locality , No 2 fo > tingham , per J . Street , 2 s . —Accrington , 13 * . 3 d . —Tota ' otas £ H 5 s . 2 d . Mr . O'Connor having left England for tbe United Sfcate ; ate ! the Corn in ittee do not feel themselves justified in receivirivirc further subscriptions on his behalf at present ; and as as 11 the funds already subscribed , the doners are respectfully rilyrr qucBtmUo forward explicit replies to the following queques 1 st . Shall the money in hand be returned ? or , 2 nd . Shall it be placed in trust to await Mr . ' O'Connormorr return ? All letters to bo addressed to the secretary , care of Job Jobt Bezer , 183 , Fleet-street , London . John Ar-voit , Sec . 5 ec .
Guide To The Lecture-Room, Literary Inst...
GUIDE TO THE LECTURE-ROOM , Literary Institution , John-street . Fitzroy-square .-May 16 th ( 7 Jh ( 7 ^ Tea Party and Soiree . South-place , Moorliclds .-May IGth ( 11 . 1 a . m . ) , II . Icrson , M . AM . Al will Lecture . Areopagus Coffee and Reading Kooin , 59 , Churcb-lane , WhitWhitt ehapel . —Every Sunday , Monday , and Wednesday ( 8 ) , a Lecture « re n Discussion . City Forum Coftte House , 09 , itcdcross-strcet . —Every Sundauntlaa Monday , and Thursday , ( 8 $ ) , a Lecture . Eclectic Institute , Hcnmark-strcet , Solio . —Every Friday ( 8 } y ( 8 ! l ! Mr . 1 . B O'llricn , Home and Foreign Politics . Every SundSundili ( 7 ^ 1 , on' Moral and Social Science . ' Commercial Hall , Kdlpotstreet , Conmercial-road-cast —M' —M * 13 ( 8 ) , Mr . H . K . Nicholls , Characteristics of Ancient Reeordecordll ! iSSWSjr ^^ ^& S ! S & S !^ ^ GmM > ^ hesterMer .. Progressionist Hall , Cheapside , Leeds—Mav lfiili WW \ r „ \ r „ Smithl'OrfianofPhileprogenitiveness . ' J ( 6 l ) » " *• Mr Hall of Progress , Essex street , B irmingham—Lectures eves eve * Sunday , Monday , and Tuesday even ngs . Thursd-iv ni » Mc « «? Z « mS Discussien . Friday a Grammar Cksc inursUay m S « a P'Aa p-ftb
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), May 15, 1852, page 5, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_15051852/page/5/
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