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TO TIIE WORKING ilEN OF ENGLAND.
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kalian*! eompann
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3Ir Fi:i£NT)S, While other journalists p...
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, - I WLWJV. m. ioiONi gAT0BDAYj ^BMBEll...
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SXIG'S END. A highly important and full ...
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MR. G. W. WIIEELEft AND TIIE HULL LASD M...
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CSfjAvttst ftitclltgetue.
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Boi/rox.—At the monthly meeting of the L...
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TO THE CHARTIST BODY . rniKXDS,—Joseph W...
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THE NATIONAL VICTIM COMMITTEE TO THE CHA...
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THE "\Y1UT OF KltltOll FUSD. Dear Sin,—I...
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* A claim had been imUreclly made iipui ...
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THE CHARTIST " ORATORS. TO MU. HOIA'OA' ...
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. THE MINERS Of THE NORTH. TO THE fiptlO...
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TVkbx a person wishes to saluto another ...
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1^ *! s^ t 1 ^
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
To Tiie Working Ilen Of England.
TO TIIE WORKING ilEN OF ENGLAND .
Kalian*! Eompann
kalian *! eompann
/&/ Y4&U' > < J C S ~ ^^I ^^^^^ T ' " ' ...
/&/ y 4 & U' > < J C S ~ ^^ i ^^^^^ T ' " ' " ' - '" - V ' / ALtMn ^ p ^ i / t ^ t o ^^ u t M * s & & ' ^™ < ' y / / ^ tuU- -7 ^*^ ^ £ Jtu ^ } r ^/ iy ^ t ^/ tLjp r
The The The Is The /&/ Y4&U> ~ ' ^^I ^^^...
3ir Fi:I£Nt)S, While Other Journalists P...
3 Ir Fi : i £ NT ) S , While other journalists pander to the niorVd feeling of your class hy coolriug . . the jiiost diabolical murders and the most tragical scenes to suit yonr palate , the " Northern glar" merely reports them as incidents of the dav , and does not p lacard , the cit y walls with ihi inviting hill of fare . It is melancholy—but , nevertheless , it is true—that while many journalists express the deepest horror at the committal of the murder they inwardly luxuriate in the profit to ]> c de rived from the foul deed .
My friends , no man hates murder or cruelty more than I do , and the means hy which I R-cmld put a stop to both Is , by the fair and equitable adjustment of the Lahour Question , liow many thousand of your order are there in England , who , if they had hut a given and short time to look into the columns of a newspaper , would devote that time to the perusal of the massing tragedy , leaving wholly unnoticed matter vitall y bearing upon their interest . And wh y is this ? Morall y , because their traimng is bad ; socially , because they a « t upon the vicious principle , that tf "What ' s cvervuodv ' s business is nobody ' s business . "
iS o \ v , this is the fault of your order ; while the best proof that I can furnish of my conviction that this vice is not inherent in your nature is , that I have never lost the hope of eradicating it by proper instruction . And now that two Sessions of the present Parliament have passed away , and when it is very likely that we may have a General Election at no very distant period , let me now call your attention to my anticipations , and from recent events you will say that ! am justified in my conclusions .
During the two last Sessions the European revolutions cqmpeUeoVj ^^ e ^^ r ^ r fiu ^ tiosistparty to ' suppdrtthe Whig-Ctoyernment , as having the greatest stakain the country ; they sacrificed all other interests , patronage and all , to what they considered to be necessary for Hie protection of their property . This constituted RnssELL ' s power in the House while the Gagging Bill—the subserviency of the iuiv class—the flexibility of the law—the
dread of the bludgeon , and fear of transportation or incarceration suppressed the o « f-door public opinion . That , however , cannot be smothered at an election ; and within a very xeceut period , the result of the Reading , Kidderminster , and other elections , have taught the noble lord that his only chance of continuing in office depends not more upon the purification of rotten boroughs than upon the general enfranchisement of the whole people : and it is for this reason that I am determined
io keep vour minds steadilv fixed upon the twins—TILE LAM ) and THE CHARTEU . The Charter as the political means , aud the Land as the social end . The " Times" is now luxuriating in—nay , g loating over—the fact , that Mr . Dcffv , the proprietor of the " Nation , " now repudiates Repeal , and is calling the attention of his countrymen to the Land . The "Illustrated London News "—a very ably conducted paperas also advocating the Laud Plan , but for the
present repudiates the too minute subdivision of the soil , as it has not operated well in Prance . The " Daily News" extracts whole columns from the " Nottingham Mercury , " the t ; IViltdireIndependent , " and other provincial papers , upon the Land Plan generally , recoinfc : ending the reduction of the amount of land at present held by fanners , but not yet arriving at the Labour point of the question—namely , the reduction to that amount which would enable man to live upon the proceeds of his own industry .
The " Nottingham Mercury" tells us , that " whereas fanners cultivating three hundred acres cannot produce , three quarters of wheat an acre , fanners cultivating one hundred acres can produce five ; thus making three acres well cultivated equal to five acres badly cultivated ; but omitting to develope the GREAT PACT , that the chief capital expended in the cultivation of land is Labour , and that upon the Small Parm system alone , by which man work * for himself , can this system be trul y developed .
The Corporation of Loudon is also taking Tip the Land Question , with a view to colonise Ireland , upon the profession of p hilanthropy , ~ uui actuall y upon the princip le of speculation and profit . The Pree Traders have now discovered that the possession of the Laud is the only means in- which peop le can be put in possession of the vote , but this is putting the cart before the liorse ; they want to enfranchise a sufficient Slumber of " dependent slaves io put themselves in possession of political power , of patronage , and of exclusive dominion over the great mass of tlu : workins classes .
Ah- friends , as I have been frequently misrepresented , it is not my wish or desire that the "northern Star should be made an ovgau wr misrepresenting others , and therefore I desire to explain the misinterpretation of Sir . Duty by the " Times . ' Mr . Duri-v does not repudiate Repeal , but Mr . Duffy does denounce the professing Repealers , both in and out of the . House of Commons—that is ,
ihc professed leaders using popular excitement and energy for the purpose of securing place , pension , or emolument . He calls them " lickspittles , ' and other appropriate names which I have called them more than once to their feces in the House of Commons , but he neither abandons nor repudiates the principle of Repeal , although wearied and depressed b y the dwr-tion and rascalitvof the Repealers .
The "Illustrated London News " while repudiating the Small Parm System , upon the princi p le upon which Land is held in Prance , is : . pears to have forgotten that the amount jjom-rallv occupied or owned by a French agriculturist " of that class is from a quarter of an a- ? re to less than an acre ; and that there is scarcely an instance of one of that class cceupv ' mg four , three , or two acres . However , the host mode of estimating the value of property is by the fancy , the hope , or the value tliat the proprietor " attaches to it . And , let ir . e illustrate this for yon . M y Uncle , AEIHT 3 R O'Cossoii , who is now in the fifty-first year
of his banishment , possesses a very large domain near Fontainbleau ; when I was younger , and before I understood the allotment system , 1 was walking with him in the grounds , I saw one man going here and another going there ¦ with basket aud spade—in fact the place was swarming—and all going to work upon separate allotments , and all very small . I asked him what he was doing , and he told me that all those small allotments were the property of those parties . I said , "Wh y do yon not pur chase them ? '' He replied , " I could not name the price the poorest would take , they are so much attached to their allotments . "
Now if it is an admitted fact , thatmanufactui-ers , shopkeepers , and others , have a just right to put a fancy price upon their goods , and to keep them rather than to sell them according to the market price , they have a perfect ri g ht to do so ; and the fact of the Trench people fixing such enormous prices—or rati ; , r refusing to take any price—for their sua patches of Land , but establishes , not the were individual , but the national value that is : ' . i : ; : rlK-. l io the Land ; -whereas , as 1 have lix-quently told you , the great error of our svstem consists iu the vulgar error—nay , in the fanaticism—of attempting to make laws in this day for the government of future ages , when men and circumstances will have wholly
changed , andw lieu the then , generation must leg islate tor itself . ' SXith these views before me , I have made four acres the maximium , and that ' s too much ; and in after times , when the value of free labour app lied to the land is discovered , when the population increases , and when we see
3ir Fi:I£Nt)S, While Other Journalists P...
the foll y of looking fo other countries for whit nearer tlien iour acres will be considered -i good large farm . But to appl y a nffaSd us see the effect that the annlication of raHW "" «** EaSn ol a poition of the present population would or S fi 7 ? l 0 cate tvo miU £ on fcrifc * go still lower , and if f our aere 3 £ too small , allot hve acres each to one million , and you ide
prov free , wholesome and remunerative labour for five millions , at five to a family , upon less than a thirteenth of the Land now lying waste , and those five , millions would be better customers . than all your colonies for any branch of Trade . By the bye , in talking of the _ Colonies , Canada is going , and the Ionian Islands are on the move , and the loss of both would be a source of great profit to the country . And , bear in mind , tbatinmy work upon Small Farms , written in 18 i 3 , I told youthat we should give up those colonies . My friends , you must then keev > ? cmv mind * the 1
skadtly ^ ed upj ^ political means—THE £ ^^ ER-and the social ,. ea $ ' % Tlfl 2 « 4 ^ g * . And ^ owever those oftSfrwell-paid of your order may sneer and jeer at . the dull life of the clod-pole , heed them not , as they vrill presentl y discover that their condition can be only permanentl y benefitted bv the bettering of your condition , by the destruction of competition in the Labour Market . My friends , let me now call your attention to what ever has been , and to what I have always told you would be , the result of a p hysical revolution . I spent the last week in France ,
and I did not meet a single man of any class that did not denounce the revolution and abominate the President . The "Times " tells you of the enthusiasm with which he is received at Railway Stations , and at banquets ; casting a shade over the fact , that the crowds at the stations , and the guests at the banquets , are collected aud invited b y officials , but do not express the sentiments of the people . He is a second Hudson , he is over-hcad-aud-ears iu debt , he revels in every description of dissipation ; he has completely swamped industry by the maintainauce of an enormous army ; he
has suppressed the expression of public opinion through the press or b y public meetiug ; aud perhaps you are not alvare that while the suppression of public meetings led to the overthrow of Louis Phili ppe , not a public meeting of a dozen persons would now be allowed to assemble in France . I spent a day in Calais with your old and honest friend Thomas Motrin * , of Marylebone . He told me that that part of the town called the Low Town , was exclusively populated by from fifteen hundred to two thousand Nottingham lace-makers . I told him that I should like to address them . He
laughed heartily , and said : —" "You do not understand our Republic ; a bod y of police would have you before you spoke three words . ' ' Then as to Paris , it is wholly deserted , except by soldiers ; and mark the manner in which the Special Constable President secures then' loyalty . There is a great circus in Paris , capable of holding three or four times as many as Astley ' s . I weut there one ni ght and saw it literally crammed with soldiers , all sitting together . There are fifteen compartments , that is , divisions with posts , nine of these were filled with soldiers , while in the
other six there were but a small sprinkling . I asked the cause of it , and was told " that the President billetted—or gave free adniission , to a certain number of soldiers , to every theatre every ni g ht . " "But , " I asked "if the manager admitted them free ? " My friend smiled , and said "No . " I asked " if the President paid ? " He smiled , aud said "No ; the nation . " In a few nights after , I was walking past the same theatre , and saw from two to three thousand soldiers walking towards it and going in . The streets are deserted ; the shops are empty ; gloom is upon every
countenance ; the interference of France in the Roman Republic is denounced by every man ; the Monarchists hope to restore Monarchy by making the Special Constable President Emperor ; his vanity induces him to anticipate the result ; but during the days of Louis Philippe there never was greater tyranny practised , or greater dissatisfaction expressed . So much for the comparativel y inexpressive transition from Monarchial to Republican government in France . And now read the following p icture of the probable result of the Hungarian insurrection , as drawn in the "Times" of Thursday : —
All those conversant with Hungarian matters foresaw that the difficulty would he , nut so much in subjecting Hungary as in legislating for her after the contest was over . That some decisive steps should immediatel y be taken is fvlt by all parties , hut what they are to be is a question more easily put than answered . For a time Hungary will doubtless he subjected to military government , but * bow the transition from that to a natural state of things is to he efiifted will f <> rm the snhjuut of most serious discussion in a series of Cabinet Councils which are about to be belli . The deficiency of the last half-year amounts thus to above Gt > . i > lW , 00 U florins . It is expected that the present half-year " will sliow a still larger deficit , and that of the whole year is calculated at 33 t » , ( H » 0 , O 0 O florins . This sum adds ten ver cent , to the national debt .
Iii truth , the real and legitimate anticipations of the brave Hungarians Mill vanish before the bloody aud tyrannical power of the autocrat ; an army will be maintained not only to suppress natural discontent at the expeiise of the nation , but to place the nation in that humiliating position , which , like the silence of Ireland , will be construed into national satisfaction ; whereas , if the money expended iu the brutal shedding of human blood had been applied to its legitimate purposes—the bettering the condition ofthepeo-. p lo—Hungary would have remained the ri ght arm of Austria , instead of Austria becoming the crutch of Russia ,
My friends , I have told you that m a weekly paper , a letter or au article cannot , as in a daily paper , be confined to one isolated subject—that it is in iact a kind of weekl y review ; and let me now call your attention to a most enlivening fact—it is a " GREAT PACT "—that both the Duke of Buckingham and Disraeli have come out for UNIVERSAL SUFFRAGE—and it is a startling fact—a curious fact—an almost irreconcilable fact , that the " Dispatch" newspaper is roused to madness by the FACT . Mv friends , I have not only told von , but I
have stated in the House of Commons , that if you had your rights I would not care whether the POPE , the DEVIL , or the PRETENDER was on the throne , because , if any attempted to violate ' that constitution which guaranteed those rights , the power that created could destroy ; and so with regard to Universal Suffrage . I care not whether it is carried by BfCKiNoiiAM and Disraeli , b y Peel , by Russell , or by "Walmsley , so long
as Feaugus O'Connor and Ms Old Guards will take care that it is not perverted to evil purposes . But is not the day of auction come ? "ItisaGOOD CAUSE , but in BAD HANDS . " Ido not care what hands it is in—I do not care who accomplishes it , provided it is carried ; and , as I often told ycfu , the cause of ag itation and the misery of the people arise from , and is based upon , the ambition of leaders , who will allow nothing to be done except by THEMSELVES , --
3ir Fi:I£Nt)S, While Other Journalists P...
Ido not see the " Hereford Journal" often—I believe few do—but I remember , some timi ago , the proceedings of a meeting being pull Iished in that paper , over which a Ri ghf Reverend Father in God presided , and M which a practical farmer stated that ho woiffl be afraid to say what could be made of W acre of ground by spade husbandry , but flit ' he would estimate it lowly a £ 40 ' . W ( $ f now read the following extract from ill Sunday ' s " Dispatch , " and taken fro iafff " Hereford Journal" Here it is : — ; $ m The Ciubtist Land Scheme . —We bear Hint » n ihvA » 5 £ S ^ J ^^ f' ^ ^^^^ W ' boiu-iiood of Gloucester , has recently been soins on . -The ;
ofthpilTf , ! f ? , andat Iowtamli is bad . A number ; Sf , SSSTf td , ed . aU , ^««"< tom tbeaortb , who irartftf S £ ? W ? r m last " inter ' 1 , ave > wc a « " « told , left tap cottages and holdings and returned to their native distrioW S . ™ ' . ,, ! ta T , su « dri in tuning s ^ pi ^ , c n . ! antr - vtobeco ? ne occ , ] l , ie « » ' thefcwdp hPw ^ ih OCo ^ U , ? * v P & t SliJ 8 s En S last week , w * behcre , and has preferred a" claim forrtnt against thei & persons ra one instance , perhaps more ; a distress has b & tf put jr .. Mr . 0 Connor very suddenly departed . Allcgedier ta / S ^ rf fiuW sS ? B signally than this . m £$ & has certainly been something of knavery in its prime m * ffi Last week be attended to give « n account of his stcw & 31 ship before the non-electors of Nottingham , a . nd Waa |« $ P elected" by acclamation , but . such account ¦ can seJveW have been perfect , inasmuch as he never ouc ' e mentioned « ieLand schemes ' . —Hereford Journal .
Now here is my answer . I was not at Snig ' s End since the Conference . I cannot be at two places at the same time , like Sir Boyle Roach ' s bird . A very few—about six or seven out of the hundred and thirty—who did receive the Aid Money , and whose land was cultivated , and who paid no rent , but hoped to sell the crops and walk off—were distrained by Mr . O'Connor ' s orders , not by him in person ; and every man who purchases , and does not pay the Company ' s demands , shall be ousted ; and every man- who does not pay his rent shall be ejected , and then the "Dispatch" ' will probably think that the affairs of the Company are placed in the hands of
HONEST TRUSTEES . M y friends—look out ! there are breakers a-head ! and if the new reformers repudiate the co-operation of the Duke of Buckingham and Disiueli for the accomplishment of Universal Suffrage , then do you believe , as I shall believe , that they are not sincere in their professions , because , if they were , " MEASURES , NOT MEN , " would be their object . I conclude with the following invitation from the Bromsgrove Estate , which will convince you of the value of the Laud Plan , when industry is properly applied : —
Honoubed Sa , _ At a full meeting of the occupants last night , it was unanimously agreed to invite , when on your intended tour , to make it in jour wav to jiay us a visit . Should you eo « i { ily , we shall feel * ourselves greatly honoured , aud , we trust , that you will be cuunlly gratified by the inspection of our happy homes , and improvement upon the Land . On bclialf of tlie occupants , IlENBr Gkeen , Secretary . Great Dodtord , Bromsgrove , September 11 th .
In reply , I have only to say , that I shall be most happy to accept the invitation . I should have added to my comment upon the " Hereford ' Journal "—or rather in repl y to a fallacy that appeared in that paper , as well as iu the " Sun" and other papers—that I did treat of the Land Plan at Nottingham , although it was wholly apart from the subject upon which the meeting was convenednamely , my dismissal or re-election .
I cannot conclude this Letter without putting you iu possession of another " GREAT FACT . " Thei-e 1 ms been a meeting of the new Reform Association recentl y held at Greenwich , and to which , as representative of the borough , Admiral Dimus—one of the Lords of the Admiralty—was invited . His answer to the Secretary was an apology for his nonattendance , with ' the assurance that in the next Session a FRIGHTFUL reduction' in both Army and Navy would take place , and a
LARGE EXTENSION OF THE SUFFRAGE WOULD BE GRANTED . Now , what thiuk you of such an announcement coming from one of the Lords of the Admiralty ? And wh y ? Because , if there was a General Election tomorrow , the Protectionists would have a tremendous and overwhelming majority , as not only the counties in Eugland , but nearly the whole of Ireland , would elect Protectionist representatives ; and Ministers ever base their policy upon expediency instead of princi p le ; aud tlio dread of
losmg oihee has convinced Lord John Russell that the time has arrived when prudent and timely NATIONAL , and not CLASS CONCESSIONS , must be made . So , hurrah for the Charter and the Land ! Happiness , contentment , peace , and prosperity to all ; and may the day arrive , and speedily , when the Press of the country will derive more profit from telling truth than telling lies of the people . Your Faithful and Uncompromising Friend , Feaugus O'Connoe .
, - I Wlwjv. M. Ioioni Gat0bdayj ^Bmbell...
, - I WLWJV . m . ioiONi gAT 0 BDAYj ^ BMBEllKl ^ ^ Ife «~^ L ^™ i » nr
Sxig's End. A Highly Important And Full ...
SXIG'S END . A highly important and full meeting of the allottees of the above estate was held in the School-room , on Jt ' riday evening-, August SIsf , for the purpose oi considering the b ^ est means of forwarding the true interests of the Land Company , and those of the personsconinosing the assembly . Mr . John Kinross in tiie chair . The CiiAtiuux said , Messrs . Clark and Doyle would open the questions that wore to be discussed , and he hoped each allottee would fearlessly and candidly give his opinion relative to them .
Mr . Doyle entered into the present position of the Company ' s property upon this estate , and in the course of his address showed that many individuals took possession of allotments in open violation of its laws , aud that the Directors wove necessitated , in vindication of those laws , and for the upholding of the interests of the members generally , with whose money had been purchased the present estate , to resort to such measures . as would compel those individuals not only to restrict the laws but to comply with their spirit . He also impressed upon the allottees that they owed a duty—a solemn duty—to the Company—and that duty consisted in assisting its officers to protect the property , for the safety of which they were held responsible . Mr . Clark made a powerful and eloquent appeal
to the meeting upon the right the Company had to claim their aid in securing , for the future , a constant adhesion to the laws ' which were stamped VfitU the sanction of the vast majority of their members , through their representatives , in previous conferences . He also suggested the propriety of forming a committee to carry into effect the views of Mr . Doyle and himself , and likewise recommended they should hold frequent meetings , having for their object mutual instruction ; and they might , in time , form a library and reading class in the school , which would prove , mentally and morally , of much advantage to themselves and their offspring . Messrs . M'Clelaxd , Boswell , Kinross , and Cixli . vgimm severally addressed the meeting in Cixli . vgimm severally addressed the meetings
effective speeches in support of the preceding speakers . The following resolutions were duly moved , seconded , and passed unanimously : — " That this meeting repudiates the op inion enunciated very frequently by many persons , that it is not iuo intention of the allottees upon this , estate , to pay rent for their allotments ; and that this meeting , composed as it is of nearly the whole of the allottees , not only discountenance such opinion or statement , as unfounded in truth , but in order to prove its utter fallacy , solemnly declare their intention is to pay the rent due by them . to the Company as soon as possible , and which they know they are bound to do , by every princip le of honour , honesty , and common ' 'justice . " " That a committeo ' of ten of the allottees be
appointed , with power to add to their number , whose duty It shall be to watch over tho general interests of the Company , so far as their property in this estate is concerned ; and Whenthey find that it is the intention " of wiy , allottee ' to sell . the right to possession , 0 ? bis' -aUotment , wHUouV communicating
Sxig's End. A Highly Important And Full ...
fcSSSSlh ^^^^^ Ssi ' £ fiife ?^ ty him ; ( if any ) to the Company Si Si ^ thg i ye notice te the Directors , oi ftS ! ? or Vurrohces . They shall alsc Sl £ jSt - v , ™ , ?^ ' * # their Mother SS W ^ f'P ^ 'f ° ' - » P && on , based . upon and nffilhilW « ieSitft P iwe th * ^ 4 | r . ^ ConSr ^ ° - ^ W . ? W « fbrmed bf ^ SlS ^ P ^ ^ e elected to serve upon coftiTiiittee "
: m -Messrs M-Otetand Si ffirirOSS / BOSWcll ' Wi . fi wh * n'rr «?•• ' SBrWmd Csay ? ' J * ^ CuIIln S haift > ^ teD ^ aken ^ Ws ^ PPrt *™ of the recent S a % n b L t , le '' I cot enforcing the maims oi the Company upon . those persons ' who IS ^ SnSS &* : . f » w * k * SS ^ SJ , oi . tne original allotees without , complying with iU Jfeitimato demands imposed by it ^ rubf f „ d" re £ fations ; and that thl-ough the ex ' crtions' & ™ £ S jimttee , just appointed , such'illcgal and-. -nhiustXl fcceduigs shall mfuturobe jvevcuteu # | j ^ : if-•| Avotc of . thanks was then-given tofthfchairnian m jus praiseworthy coaduct . during . the evonifcitf f lfflsmess , and the meeting , dispersed ^ - , ? ¦
' ^^ ts ^ r ^ u mim ^^^^ i ^ , ^^ brunch , tho following resolutions were agreed'to ' : " That in the event of tho money not being forthcoming in time to complete the ' purchase of . the -Mathon estate , that a . sufficient amount be di'awa from , the available capital of tho National Land Company to effect that purpose . " .
Mr. G. W. Wiieeleft And Tiie Hull Lasd M...
MR . G . W . WIIEELEft AND TIIE HULL LASD MEMBERS . 10 THE EDIT 0 H 01 ? TIIE NORTIIEnS STAB . Dear Siu , —May I beg the favour of tho insertion of a few lines in reply to an article from Hull , respecting the case of myself versus Pool . I should not have troubled the public with our dispute , but justice' demands that their misrepresentations should not bo allowed to pass uncontradicted . The following is a brief statement of the facts : —In March , ISid , I sold to Mr . Pool the right to a location on four acres , drawn tho November preceding . I have letters received from him , thankin * me for letting him have it ; even on the 10 th of October he . still expressed his satisfaction , but asked me to make him a present of a coloured portrait of F . O'Connor , Esq ., which I did . Judge then , my surprise , in December , to be applied to to return the
money . 1 his was impossible , as I had spent that and £ 130 besides , in the purchase and improvement of my allotment at O' Connorville . So fur from my refusing to como to any terms with him , I wrote seven letters to him , none of which bethought proper to answer . I applied to Mr . 0 ' Connor , who kindly wrote to him , and guaranteed that he should be located on Great Dodtord , on the 1 st of last June , but he had not even the courtesy to answer that . Who was it then who would not come to terms ? The day after the death of my mother he served me with a writ , and in consequence of Mr . Chinery ' s advice , that judgment should go by default , so as not to prejudice the . application for tho registration , the consequence to me was that all my property , live and dead stock , and all my aged f ather ' s goods were sold , leaving mo without a penny , or a penny ' s worth of anything . But oven
tins aid not satisfy the vindictive feelings of Mr . Pool , for proceeding on the plan of "ruin thorn by expenses , " he brought an action against my father for claiming his own things ; and just whcn ' he thought my harvest would he ready , took my body and sent me to gaol , where I may lie for ever , as I have nothing even to pay the court fees , let alone a lawyer . I sent a detailed account to tho Conference " , to prove that these procecdings ; bad cost me £ 53 7 s . Sd . lie has sold all my things , and I have had all my growing crops seized , so that' I have no means at my disposal . These are the facts , and let the Land members judge , whether if all this happened by following the advice of their solicitor , Mr . Roberts , and to forward tho registration , I had not just ground for seeking some compensation at their hands . Respectfully yours . G . W . Wheeler . Hertford Gaol , September 10 th ,
Csfjavttst Ftitclltgetue.
CSfjAvttst ftitclltgetue .
Boi/Rox.—At The Monthly Meeting Of The L...
Boi / rox . —At the monthly meeting of the Land and Chartist members , on Sunday last , the following persons were elected officers and ' committee men : — James Turner , John Ahisworth , Thomas Parkinson , Thomas lirindlc , James Yickers , Robert Moore , president ; Thomas Smith , librarian ; and Peter Skelton , secretary , to whom all communications are to bo addressed to 3 , lloughton-strcot , Bolton . Betii . nai . Guekn . —On Sunday evening last , a meeting was held at the Weaver ' s Arms , Pelhamstrcet , for tho purpose of raising contributions for the support of the wires and families of the political victims . Mr . 'Cary was appointed to the chair . Mr . Fidge read the leading articles from the Northern Mar , which were listened to with great attention . Mr . M'Grath delivered a short address ,
after which a collection was made in aid of the Victims Fund . It was then resolved that the mooting at its rising , should adjourn till Sunday evening next , at eight o ' clock , then to meet at the Whittiiigton and Cat , Church Row , ' to devise measures for the diffusion of democratic principles , and for raising the means of supporting the victims . A vote of thanks having been passed to the chairman the meeting accordingly adjourned . Halifax . —At a meeting of members , held on Monday last , in the Working Mm ' s JJall , the following * persons were elected as Councilmen for the ensuing quarter . Benjamin Wilson , Isaac Clissitt , William Lancaster , John Sutciitl ' e , John Edwards , president ; Thomas Holder , treasurer ; John Sherry , secretary ; George Webber , Corresponding Secretary . All communications for tho Halifax Chartist Association , to be addressed to George Webber , Corresponding Secretary , 7 , Range Bank , Halifax .
To The Chartist Body . Rnikxds,—Joseph W...
TO THE CHARTIST BODY . rniKXDS , —Joseph Williams , one of the five persons , who was confined iu the House of Correction Westminster , along with Ernest Jones , has been released from his punishment and nit the pains of this life by a fearful disease . He is dead , and horrible to * relate , has left a wife and six children to mourn his loss . _ lie ended his days in a prison , ami iu the companionship of convicted felons . No soothing words of filial love , or connubial affection , were permitted , to smooth the exit of the " convicted Chartist , " on his way to " that bourn from whence no traveller returne th . "
Sharp , another of tho " convicted ones , is at this moment l ying on a bed of illness , from which , according to a * report which has been furnished to us , he is never-likely to rise . You will see from the report of the coroner ' s inquest , that wo lost no opportunity of getting at the real cause of tho death of Williams ; two eminent professional men were employed by us to attend the inquest . This step was taken in order that the government and the country might see , that the poorest Chartist has his friends , and that his death is a matter of moment and regret .
Poor Williams declared before his death , " that he was the victim of cold aud starvation . '" lie , along with Ernest Jones and Sharp , having recently undergone a punishment of solitary confinement , upon no other diet than nineteen ounces of bread , a pint of gruel , and water , daily , for six consecutive days . It was to this treatment that Williams attributed his death . Under those circumstances , we felt it to be our imperative duty ; to employ counsel to watch the proceedings at the inquest , and by so doing wo incurred a debt of £ S 13 s ., which , of course , the Chartist body will willingly discharge .
There is also another duty which we owe to our incarcerated friends , and that is to pour in from all parts of the country memorials ; proving for an amnesty to all persons at present confined in England for- political . offences . Let the memorials be written in the most temperate language , and , by all means , let care be taken not to employ a single word calculated to defeat tho object of the memorials . Let them be addressed to the Home Secretary ; and , where possible , let the signature of the Mayor , or any other local functionary , be attached . It is highly desirable that the signatures of members of Parliament bo procured , as in many cases they may .
It is the wish of the Committee that- ft \ Y vswffltj for the defrayal of tho legal expenses , bo sent to Thomas Clark , at the Laud Office , 14-i , High Ilolborn , London . . " R . StDli , B . "SAV . BIft ,. P . M'Giunr , '• J , AitKdrr , J . Milne , ' ' W . At . Lsrixt , T . ¦ BROWN , W . Dixox , " YV .,. Collin ' s , ¦ ' ! -. " ¦ Cumv S . Boonham , Secretary .
To The Chartist Body . Rnikxds,—Joseph W...
^ w ^^ Bk & it ||| w ^ >^ ;;; lrom i | | itfc to July 27 th , !&;• I " ¦ •&
f , " . BEcEiPTS . - ¦ ¦ - mfiTOITBSk , ' ' x " ¦ ' : ^« V ' ' ' . *; .-s .-d .. i T " * ? . '¦& ti J . [ Cheltenham .. 0 15 0 > Afrs . Ernest Jones ' - * - " 8 " 6 0 Bramhope .. 0 10 0 . "; - FusseU .. ' 40 0 Torouay .. o 3 0 ' ! -Sharp .. a ' -fi-o StePnnerasAssoeia-, ; ... , " . [ -Williams .. 313 6 -itfoa , ,. .. . 0 10 : &' J — Prowten .. 3 ' 0 6 CoveoW- . .. 2 j G _ Ritchic - .. 2 . 4 e JKlddsrtirinsier 0 4 0- — Winspere .. 214 ' 0 ' WalWfctr ¦ .. 0 . 3 . 7 —CQiway .. - S ' U 0 ¦ Stfefflelfc' ' . ; . 0 10 " 4 — Abell .. " 3 ' 6 0 Brits * . ** " O 10 0 -Cufthy ,. 2 4 6 NatibnpEBnllot' 20 . 0 0 i — Bezer .. 3 13 6 Gr eortw % : and . —Herbert .. 214 0 - ^ MP- .. 0 3 6 — Gurney .... 8 G : 0 . HaiH ^ Sf .. 110 0 — Irons .. ¦ ' i 0 0 P ^ mn < l " 0 13 . 6 . —Shaw ;" . . " 4 8 6 XWetm % . .... 0 0 , 0 — Scaddiug ... 3 0 0 ' . Shefefcftlfc .. 0 8 . 9 " -Brewster .. " 3 0 G
SaltofcfSHence , —leach .. i 0 0 rJdity-mQj ¦ . - . 18 3 i —West ,. . ' . ; 3 6 0 ircdthn | S * m and — Whito .. 3 e 0 ¦ ; - 'M r , .. 0 4 1 -Rankin ... 73 0 0 SHfc ^ nslade 0 7 6 — Donovan ..- 4 0 0 iS" ®^ 017 7 —M'Douall - . -... 3 4 0 t * fM ^^ v- -1 87 -Cooper .. 2 14 0 ^ % S , aiU 1 -Shell ... 2 4 6 . ™""^™» > a 0 $# « y . :-.- ¦ -, ' ¦ — Bvyson ¦ .. 114 0 % \ & „ a ^ S atiT 4 ; :, . - Lacey - '• ¦' „ ¦ -4 0 0 i- 'W'Street .-... . i 3 C — Jones .. 3 0 G Crown and Anchor 110 0 —Pool .. 3 0 0 , i ) o . Hall Eocality ' 1 10 101 — Mullins .. i 14 0 Glouegnd Friends 2-16 3 — Smyth , Bradirermif , Bedford- ford .. ' .. 0 10 ' 0 square ; ' .. 0 5 0 —Donaldson .. 0 3 0 Finsbury , j » few Sir . Abell , for
Friends t ... 0 3 ' fi . flannel .. 0 5 0 Westminster .. 0 13 5 Manchester Com-Ernest Jones ' mittee .. 2 10 0 Locality ... 2 7 0 * Secretary ' s Salary Cripplegate Locality ; " ( 17 weeks ) .. 2 2 G 2 S , Golden 4 imo 3 10 C Stationary , Orders , Mr . Rider ,. 39 2 7 J and Postage 0 IS 7 Small sums .. 117 G Balance in hand 0 11 0 Totuess 0 12 0 £ 10 ]_ 19 l £ 103 1 U 1 Audited , and found correct . Edmuxd Sr . iu . wooi > , ) Aumrws John Milne , Treasurer . John Aiinott , Secretary .
The National Victim Committee To The Cha...
THE NATIONAL VICTIM COMMITTEE TO THE CHARTIST PUBLIC . Brother and Sister Democrats , - Iu presenting the above Balance Sheet ( which has been unavoidabl y delayed ) -we return our grateful and heartfelt thanks to those who have supported the wives aud families of the Victims to the villainous Whig spy system .
being fully aware of the pecuniary circumstances in -which many of you are placed , aud tho numerous appeals that have been made to your sympathies , aud also the disorganisation now existing , it is with extreme regret that the state of the funds compel us again to appeal to you—vc trust for tho last timefor renewed energy in the cause of suffering humanity . Our liabilities , at the paltry sum of three shillings to the wives , and sixpence to each
child under twelve years of age , amount to about Six Pounds Ten Shillings per week ; hut during the last five weeks half the required sum has not been received , indeed , on Friday last , one shilliug to those without , and one shilling and sixpence to those with families , ( of five or six children ) , was all that could be given to subsist on for seven days . Besides the usual recipients , ' we have had most urgent appeals from Bradford , and elsewhere , that wo should have been most happy to attend to and relieve , hut have \\ bt been ablefor want of funds .
We ask , is not this a most disgraceful position for us , as a great and influential body , to he placed in—to see those who have nobl y struggled for our freedom doomed to starvation in cold , gloomy , and horrible dungeons ; [ See the evidence in the case of poor Williams . ] and for them to have the sickening heart-burning thought that we allow tho wives of their bosoms and their beloved offspring almost to starve , when we can , if we m ( l , prevent it ? We call on you to wipe off this disgrace , and by your response prove your sincerity .
AH letters to be addressed to Samuel Boonham , 1 J 4 , High I-Iolboni ; and Post-office orders made 2 > ayable to him at tho Bloomsbuiy Post-office . Signed on hehalf of tho Committee , Jonx Ar ^ ott , Sec , pro . tern . 144 , High Holbovn , 11 th Sept .
The "\Y1ut Of Kltltoll Fusd. Dear Sin,—I...
THE " \ Y 1 UT OF KltltOll FUSD . Dear Sin , —I beg leave to acknowledge tlie receipt of your lc-ttenrf the 5 th hist ., relative to the case of Mrs . M'Douall , 11 ml wo have had a meeting of the committee , who arc allot' opinion that the surmise which you allude to , was caused by your stating that , if the parties did not write to you , that you must fall back on the alternative , viz ., ask the prisoners to make a claim . * But as Ihisatfiiii' is settled by tho donors themselves , and that to all our satisfaction , we respectfully bog- leave to suggest that no move be said about it , only to return our meed of thanks to those who have contributed the money , and also those who have been instrumental in raising the same .
Tlie committee are aware of the importance 01 your remark , that had you paid the money over to t ' obbett when requested to do so , it would have been new nil . The committee have groat hopes of placing Mrs . M'Douall in such a position as to clear her of all demands , and to stock her place with a variety of small wave ' s , china and earthenware , iu addition to her publications , for one thing will help the other . You will please favour us by inserting in the , ' < tar our kind thanks , along with Mrs . M' Do nail ' s acknowledgment of the receipt of the money , to those honest hearts v .-Jio gave to relieve her distress . Yours very respectfully , AxnitEW M'Fik . Liverpool , September Dth , 1610 . Mr . llidcr .
Sir , —I , this day , received your letter containing Post Office-orders * for the sum of . till 7 s . 'Jd ., also , the postage stamps . Thanking you , Sir , for your kind wishes for my husband , myself , and family , and aisso for your trouble , I remain , yours , itc . M . A . M'Douall . 71 , Front Portland-street , Sept . 7 th . Mr . llidcr , London .
* A Claim Had Been Imureclly Made Iipui ...
* A claim had been imUreclly made iipui me , which I could uot entertain without the consent of 1 lie subscribers , which will account for my making the remarks 1 did in the SUir of tlie 1 st inst . 'Ihi s explanation will , I trust , satisfy the committee , who , I verily believe , exert themselves to tlie utmost in I ' mtherance of Mrs . M'DouaH ' s welfare . I only wisli they had considered iha whole , - and not a part of the ' pai-fiKraph . The latter portion ought to have satisfied tliwn . It was as follows : — "If Ireceive no reply , I must act on the only alternative , namely : Ask the Victim Committee , nftd thtt prisoners scnteiited to , or subjected to labour , either to make a claim upon me , or exonerate we from blame , slionUl I remit the whole amount to Mrs . M'Vouoll . " In compliance with the wish of the committee I give the acknowledgement of the receipt of the money . W . RlDEB .
The Chartist " Orators. To Mu. Hoia'oa' ...
THE CHARTIST " ORATORS . TO MU . HOIA'OA ' aE . Sir , —I believe that the astounding assertion you made at the commencement of your lecture last Sunday night , in the Hall of Science , City-road , on your subject of " paid orators , " "that several ' Chartists were in the pay of the Tories , to oppose the Corn-law . league in their meetings , " has no foundation for truth , and is entirely unworthy of your general good sense as a public teacher . Surely we do not stand in need of slanderers and vitnperators in our own camp of our conduct . Trusting to yowv gootoess of heart , 1 wait impatiently for the proof requisite- to establish your extraordinary and uncalled-for assertion through this channel , And remain yours faithfully , David Cater . P . S . —Iwished tho same night , at the conclusion of your lecture , to ask , you for the requisite proof of your assertion , but was - prevented fulfilling that fluty-by-the hurried dishiissal of tho audience by the fiddle-string scrapers . D . ° .
. The Miners Of The North. To The Fiptlo...
. THE MINERS Of THE NORTH . TO THE fiptlOR OP 1 HB SOUTHERN 8 TAH . oikuui ls * "" ** . 'frw weeks since the impos-2 LTf ^ P ^ toAwrn of tho ' two com-KniLff ' - " - ^ , 1118 government io visit all tho pits and mines in the country under a period tf IfSr £ , 1 * ' *<* . )«* of tfc & denionstratiSJ was to urge thoBecessity of tm increased number I of such inspectors , sorttet the lives of the miners mujhtnot be carelessl y cxpbsod to such imminent dangers as they haye * bcon hitherto ; and as they would be by such partis *! inspection as is attempted to be'oan-ied out with « theJirtiit « d number of two inspectors . The viowefr uf ^ rtuumberiand and
Durham JiavOjho ^ e . ve ^ iyiBMn . a plan , bo that tha b } 8 pectira , , roay . be Tcl 6 SeMa ^ selves * ejtie : raf 'W ^> 'l 6 tt ' gMi . t ^ iQ ^^ a ^ ' fOTSjJ ^ eh jt ' uboh . aflffiinticipa & rl'Visit ' . & 6 hl Buoa ^ Mmas ^ f . ^ mAi ' * ^^ ' } r ' ¦ -. , iffin 'ihe ' eting rdrvieirera ^ ra Btly Tifeiikan . the Membfy Roomsj KeVvcaWlft ^ fc-i & ieh lVofessbr yB ^ ifts attended as 'We ^ govc roafeitf commissioner fox this ; district ; Mri'l ? ard . ui . tliOLiihair ; Yiewerji pve > enfc :--Mr . Armstrong , jtm ., Johu # © hson ,. ThoiS Foster , J . H , Jobling , 0 . Elliott , Edward , Boyd , Thos . Taylor ,. Wdtem . Olark , . J ; Joiccy , E . Hunter , John Taylor , Solm'Easton . 'Wm . Hnntw : ' Wni .
s K " T ' - J < W . Edwavd Potter , * . Johnson , | I ;; BrBotow ;; l ? # tohi Ueckless , Thenar -Crawfordyjun ., Thom aiSlali : — . .. - • ¦ : ; The following resolution was Unanimousl y agreed to ; vProposed by T . J .. Taylor * seconded by ,-Thos . Foster : — " That though great precautionaare used to -prevent ; acch " ente rand rthough tho collieries in Uurhamand Northuin |« ajand are weli-JchoWa to ba conducted on appi * d y ^^ rinciplos , especially , as regard ventilation ,. ' y 0 ttt || meeting is of opuiiea thai Professor Philips / un'deltne explained circumsSaniftea of his appointment ,-Wght to be furnished with \
ampto iaciiitios , ©*&& w ? ymg out his proposedias ' peotion- of the * Ito ^ am and Northumberland collieries ; and this meet | jg accordingly pledgeithciaselves , as well : collectp §| y as individually , to recommend to t & ir emgjjjwijifs to assist " iu . furbher . nig the'bbjects-ofjlio conSed | 9 ioner , and ip'igoinmunicating ^ hC pro ^' gw ' « $ ch inforrnation as maj bB j * anh $ i b ^ toith" ^^^ i ^ pburifblb .-Dhjeet of dimrnishfn *^ ha ^ m ^^^ in . mine 3 ; so far as the " " same , is capable ot being effected consistently with . thevnature of the miners employment . < . ••;; ..-: " ...,
That in furtherance of tho views of . P .. .. Philips as explained to the meeting , the selected collieries are submitted for inspection—1 st . Collieries containing Fire Damp . Wear District . —Iletton , Haswell , Murtou . Tym District . —Tyne Main , Willimrton Digges Pit , Hebburn , Wallsend , Furnace Ventilation . Time & Wear District , —Seaton Deieval , Belmont , ventilated by steam jet . 2 nd . Collieries containing Carbonic Acid Gas . Ti / ne District . —Mickley and East Holywell , Hartlepool District . —llcough Iia . lt and Thornley . Tecs District . — Black Hoy and Eldon , ilcdorwiley District . —Marley Hill , Shield Row , and Derwent Main .
P . Pinups having then arranged . certain davs for the inspection of the first-named collieries , tho thanks of the meeting were voted to him , aud after a vote of thanks to the Chairman , the meeting was brought to a close . Tho number of collieries iu this district is about 110 , and many of them have two , and some threo pits to each colliery , so that there will not be far short of 300 pits in these two counties . Xow , < mi the principle propounded hy the viewers , that the inspection of one colliery shall afford a fair criterion of the state of the ventilation in a locality comprising , say eight collieries , tor that is the proportion which the arrangements made will aUow / Hhere being eighteen collieries selected for inspectionand
, HO being the number of the collieries . Upon this piinciple it will be quite unnecessary for the inspectors to visit move than one pit in " a colliery , thero being just as fair grounds for concluding that that pit will bo a fair sample of the sack in respect to tho other two or three pits in the colliery or that tho colliery should be expected to afford ' a truo index of the ventilation of the several other collieries in tho immediate locality , llcnce we may conclude , that only eighteen pits are likelv to bo inspected out of 300 ami upwards in the district . It is truly lamentable that the health and lives of this industrious class of men should be made the sport of such pigmy arrangements—such despicable and measured humanitv .
1 he last session of Parliament passed an enactment called the " Passengers Act , " which sets forth in one of its clauses , the following provision : — Clacse XVI . —Light and Ventii ,. vhi . n \ And ho it enacted , that tor the purpose of ensuring a proper supply of lfeht and air in every " J'assei « er ' . s Fhip , " the passengers shall nt all times during the vjwajrc , ( weather permitting , ) have free access to and from ' the between deck's hy the hole of each hati'h \ v »\ , situate ovt-v he space appropriated to tiieiise of such passengers ; provided always that if the main hatchway ho not always ono of those hatchways appropriated to the use of passengers , or if the natural supply of lhditanil . air through the" same he in any manner uttUud *; ivwgmtai , it s-iv . xU tie lawful for the emigration officer at the port of clearance , to di .-ect such oilier provision to be made for atfording light and ait to the between doclts as the circumstance , of tlie case may in the judgment of such officer appear to require , and in case of 11011-eompluuicc with -. my aiicYi Uircction , tho owner shall he liable to a peaaltv not exceeding £ o ! l , nor less I than i" 20 .
Supposing fifty passenger ships ready to sail from Liverpool , and that the emigration officer called together the captains of each ship , or vice versa ; ami having arranged with them that he should only visit five vessels , and leave them to point out the particular ones , he naming , or fixing tho dates of such examination , and he prepared to certify that the whole fleet would be in the same state and condition as those he had examined , would there not he some noise about it ? Or should the inspector of railways have the audacity ? to signify that" several tines were perfect , whila he had hut examined a particular one , the Press would teem with censure and reprehension at tlie conduct of the officer , and call loudly for his dismissal . Alas' . the poor miner cannot have acts of Parliament to
provide light and air , nor a commissioner to examine ; his place of work before he descends the dreary mine . And although a daily sacrifice is made upon the altar of ncglcst while coroners inquests proclaim their verdicts of "Accidental death . "—while our friends Puncombt * ami others , make attempt after attempt , to induce the lvgislatuvc 1 ft vviVwA aiiks protection to the miner , yet is the minister deaf to entreaty , to persuasion , and the dictates of humanity — specially pleading the necessity of move investig ation—more experience . And that- in despite of a sacrifice of nearly four hundred lives during the first six months of the year IS 10 , and since the closo of parliament fifty move at Aberdaro in Wales , twelve in Staffordshire , and nine at Yt'ishaw in . Scot land , with several individual cases of loss of life in
these two counties . Yet they crave more tune and more experience , while the very channel for affordin ™ this necessary knowledge is curtailed by the arrangements coine to by the viewers , whose only ob ' ectU to prevent a geneial inspection of their collieries . There must bo si-mething rotten in the " state ofDiMimnrU , " when so many o f the chief officers c ould he gathered together , and in so snug a way , that nothing was known of ic until all was over . ' Why were siot the parties present who maybe set down as plaintiffs' in the case ' . The miners have been appealing to the government—have- j ^' eii petitioning the legislature—urging the want of proper cave and nianaeemout bit the part < : ( the viewers , and , after a "" lengthened pi-rmd , th-.-y are assumi that their case shall be investigated .
Commissioners are appointed and sent down to the very spot—a court is opened , and no one allowed to ho present but the commissioners and the defendants , two of the principal of whom make an oration chancteri'tic ol their assiduous attention to the-. o matters—of their great zeal to provide the complaininf parties with all that science and art can ad ' duee ° as remedies—and that they arc at all times desirous of the fullest investigation—and giving a proof of their sincerity by selecting eighteen pits , or collieries for inspection , out of one ImmlvcVr ami forty which arc in the district , aud concluding with a resolution , that they will urge upon their employers the necessity of affording every focihty for investigation . 13 ut why , I again ask , were not the plaintiffs' there also ? surely they were entitled to redounded
have been present . And it would have much to the honour of the commissioners had some parties been allowed to appear in tho mooting on behalf of the miners who had , most assuredly , it groat interest at stake , their very lives depending iipon tho issue , and the comfort or misery of their wives and families , being all bound up in that great question . Verily they must look out ; they must see quite plain that the wealth of the employer can command the judge on the bench , and by procuring mi interview with the very panics whose c « iduct is arraigned , and asking advice aud coussel from those who arc imp licated , thus affording them every opportunity of exonerating themselves to the great prejudice of the cause , on the issue of which , as before stateddepends the health and lives of many
, thousands of our fellow creatures . IS is to he expected that the miners of these twa counties will exert themselves to counteract tke . eenain tendency oi ' this arrangement on the part of ihe viewers , by steadilv going to work , and procuring details ot Ihp state of ventilation in audi colliery , and , indeed , in each pit , for are "we uot well aware that tho . present system ( extolled as it is by its authors ) engenders anvtlihig but uniformity : that in particular pits , the greatest possible difference prevails ? and are ' we not aware also , t ' . uvfc the inspector will go with the viewer , and tho viewer will take him to tho best pits , tuul also to the best part of the pit ' Ifcnce , let us be up , and prepare our defence , for the cards are now turned , and if we sleep 0111 doom is sealed . Yours & c . M . Juje .
Tvkbx A Person Wishes To Saluto Another ...
TVkbx a person wishes to saluto another in Thibet ho uncovers his head , puts out bis tongue , aud scratches his right caw
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Sept. 15, 1849, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_15091849/page/1/
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