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T be chief ofthe temporal and , Jl vrAi*...
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^^ foam iHobtments.
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,i ind I 'ill war, at least In wards, j^...
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t -..i, ,^ -'"" 1' " derived from the Gr...
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Cftjfemal antr jfornp Mflltgmm
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NEW ZEALAND. - The barquc;Mary, Levens, ...
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ADVANCE OF THE CHOLERA. Tremsondk, Dec. ...
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Singular Death trom Scalding.— On Wednes...
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IRELAND. WM1NJS iND PJSTILDWCI. The pape...
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Alter closing my lust letter in Skibbert...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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T Be Chief Ofthe Temporal And , Jl Vrai*...
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^^ Foam Ihobtments.
^^ foam iHobtments .
,I Ind I 'Ill War, At Least In Wards, J^...
, i ind I 'ill war , at least In wards , j ^ tijould ay chance so happen—deeds , ) % -jtn all who war with Thou S htl " j * iakIhea raliHla » ird , who sings i J ^ p wp ltbyandby willbe tie » tronger . " -B" ° *<
REVELATIONS OF AU STRIA . i i K 0 ' l »; nn nf the mvstcrics of ffe have revealed some P ****™ ^ more ; SB ^» . mod *^ ** ¦ SLSEfrf « S Sent , of tbe * e i » w propose to disclose sow ^ TS ^* ****" *™ hitUerto . enrel ^ Jttor-yj - ^ h-conser-^ of the « isSg sStJof things . It is thu in-SffeS ** ^ e of tjie ^ est portions of Et , : V . itions the most dissimilar in language and Sw naiural , political , and social characteristics . L > u- lit together undsr one government , and * n , wlieJ to submit to the barbarous mind-crushing ffli « ra of Vienna . Poles , Italians . Hungarians , tllO
AjpO . «• ___ . _ ,., - „ KT ., ll ,-l . ;« n « ' IV— - Tt ahemiai-s , Tyro'ese , Illyrians , \ Vallachiar . s , fran-Kamaus etc ., 4 c , aw subjected to a yoke wnich ;• ihilatts liberty , prevents happiness , and forbids r icie ^ s- Thirty-two millions nf pecp ' e are ruled f f 0 nie fevi ' n or eight m ' llions ol Germanse be turmany ' s pardon , we should say Austrian *—* ' a a'Cihenisdv . s the slaves of the Kaiser . The ioftrianJ are the gaolers ot the above-named nations : ' while those nations aw compelled to supply jVe force necessary for the subjection of each other . Julia" soldiers arc transported to Galicia to act as tlif ' executioners of Poland ; Hungarians are sent t < i lu ! r ; Tyrolcse to Bohemia ; and so on throughout the empire- Besides this , class is set against cla ? s in tbef ' 'n' ] nered countries , that the government may nrre easily subdue the vanquished . The recent % ' . ooa * massacres in Gallicia were deliberately organi ^ d bv the government in accordance with this
infernal ' policy . In 13-30-31 , when the Hungarian j aristocracy exhibited an intention of marching to the aid ol the Polish patriot * , tne Austrian government psralrecd the Hungarian sympathisers , by employing jjaiast them the means recently u > cd for the destruction of the Polish nobles . Mental liberty and coraiitj are both proscribed under the Austrian ivjtem . " The censorship exists in the utmost rigour , skJ education is used but as the means of rearing mind -bound slaves . The government appoints the teachers , prepares the books , and enjoins the exact Jaagunge in which the teachers impart instruction , Much his been said of the happy state of the population of Vienna ; but tbe capital affords no illustration of the condition of the people of the empire , Moreover . Vienna is , before all others , the abode of frivolity and diss 'lateness . Gambling , waltzinsr , and
licentiousness , form the occupation and enjoyments ot the debased aristocracy , more barren of great tames than any other aristocracy at present existing . 'Ihe lato confiscation of CittcW has directed universal attention to the three devil powers combined together to resist the progress of freedom . The fact that Cracow has been appropriated by Austria , combined with the bloody tragedy—rivalling that of 5 t . Wlhoiemew—enacted in Gallicia in the spring of'at yew , by Austrian agents , has caused special attention to be directed towards Austria . At thie raciaeut . therefore , any revelation of the state and policy of that despotism must be more than ordinarilv interesting .
A book has been recently published , entitled " Revelations of Austria , " from the pen of M . Koubrakiewicer , an ex-Austrian functionsiv , which has helped to throw considerable light open that "mystery of iniquity" over which Ferdi-Eir . d reigi , s and Meiteruicli rules . The b-ok conies before us edited by the author of " Revelations of Russia , " a trustworthy authority , whose works have b : en of incalculable service in unveiling the mysteries of Kastern Europe , and the enormities of the Russian system . We reserve to the conclusion any remarks we may fee' called upon to make in opposition to some of the views of the author . For the present we shall confin * ourselves to extracts illustrative of the Austrian system under which M . Koubrakicwic z was born and ir . J , and in the service ol which he passed many rears of his life .
TBS HOCil OFHU'BUSG . Oat of twenty-one dynasties which govern and oppress Mo-archicai Europe , or tbat reign and not govern , there are eightetn of German oruin . Atron ? st these the first place is occupied by the dv-3 i = ty of Ilabsbur ^ , from which proceed the Sovereigns of Austria since the 13 th Century , of which Adolpbns , fount of Il-ib * burg , was the foundir , and which reckons h all , according to the genealogical almanack of Saxony , ; rty-five 1-gitimate member * , of whom twenty-seven are Princes an £ eighteen Princesses .
Absolute sovereigns formerly bore the title * of Despot f . and sfter that of Kaiser . f the two fir ? t of these titles be ? acie rather a detestably ignominious , than an honourable epithet , in consequence of tbe abuses committed by absolute Monarchs ; the title of Kaiser , on the contrary , * as sanctioned by tbe French , Polish , and Russian Scripture , which enjoined to render up KaisT , iCrtar . Cetarz Tzar ) that which is Kaiser ' s , andtorender n ;» to God that which belongs to God , thus tbe Aust'ian sovereigns bare taken , and retained up to tbe present , this lattsr titl- of Kaiser ; aud their wives tbat of £ a : »; rinn , tbe princes and princesses bearing tbat o ' Archdukes and Archduchesses . |
The present Kaiser , Ferdinand tbe First . it is said , lityliyed , up to the age of ilghteeu or twenty years , soa : » cleverness and indepeadaaee of character ; it was presaged of bim that when he became sovereign he would Sft ' . fuV . owtue immutable system of bis father , Francis tit First , > o much so that he was disliked both by his father aud by Metternicb , who were desirous that Francis CharWs , tbe second son , who inherited all the systematic qualities of his father , should succeed to tbe throne . Being one day out hunting in company with his father , Mr . MettenJcb aud other sportsmen , the Archduke
Ferdi-Siad narrowly escaped being kilted , by a shot fired at fcia , but the assassin was never discovered . Another time an Austrian officer fired a pistol at tim , within a few yards distance , but he missed him . This man , when discovered , was found to have had an * : ctss of madness . I'iSerenl reports were circulated in Galicia as to tU true autkors of these attempts , called Awtrian uceii'U . his said , indeed , that the conjugal impotence , epilepsy izi iabeciiiity of Ferdinand , are only tbe consequences ^ ' suchoceiienti .
The Kiisers owe their numerous acquisitions to xarrij ges , treaties , and for the most part to their pelves . Tier have rarely been fortunate in their expeditions , » h , n aj . en ' y combating with military strategy and U :: ; : s . TL » y have rarely won victories , but almost always s-: resded ty calling into play the springs of hidden iu--Mcts ; and by employing a subterraneous strategy h"e ; enersilly triumphed over tbeir adversaries . Tcey have never despaired , however bad their po « - k . * . More than once , during the last two centurie * •'•* . " tnunsrci y has been on the print of crumbling in 'U dtist , through the loss of unfortunate battles , aud ttere than once they have come out triumphant , by fol'i '« : a ; those tortuous paths where cunning is of more * vi : ! thaniirength .
M . Koubrakiewiez enters into a long account of Austrian treacheries , citing such famous personages a < Henry the Fourth of France . Wallenstein , Duke t ; i ' riediand ; Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden ,. and Napoleon , as the most illustrious ofthe innumerable T ; c :: ms of Austrian perfidy . The statements he cakes aie curious , and the inferences drawn so abounding , that we should be compelled to refuse absent did not the recent horrors in Galficia assure us that there ia no act too vile or villainous , base or b > ody , that the despotism of iustrra wonld hesitate ti perform for the furtherance of its hellish ends . 0 , ; r author ' s review of the deskns of Austria pursued through many generations for the destruction W 1 uland , forms a chapter in the history of that 111-Uted eouttry ; exceedingly ; interesting , but we must V * -i on to facts belonging to the present time .
THE ACSTEUN ADMIKISTHATIOK . Io ordct to be more sheltered from all attack , and all 'tJMaeh of absolutism , the Kaisers transfer the charge " '• he mtnigement ofthe government mechanism , to a ^ mis ter Tiho bears the title of High Chancellor , and who » toaitnon ly styled in Poland , Austrian Visier , in conse-^ - -uce of the antlogy of bis functions and authority with "fJe ofthe Grand Visier in Turkey . The two other *« u « eT » tf police aad finance , as well as all the pr .-st-- 'is .. f tnbuoals and chanceries , are mere clerks of tbis " « nd Cbaacellor .
. ' ^ adttinistratien of all political and judicial affairs it ! ' ° « itr « ed in Vienna . Political affairs , comprising J ^^^ h e clergy aud of religion , are munagcd . or dei !;^ Bi ! b - > at appe . l , Uyjthe Chancellor of the court &!; '' SM ;' r' ) - Financial afTairi are managid by tho , '" hiu self , and by tie chamber of accounts ( Hof-, ;„ .. ' Aus , rian empire consists of divers people , and pro-, '" " ' At the head of each province , excepting Ifun-<;<¦' , ' . l ' g ° Ternor , who has his council , culled < j * . " ' ! , JIn - ^ he counsellors , tbe secretaries , and other £ , V . * "h'eh compose the Guberniam , are named by tbe 0 r } i' 1 s chancery The has a right to
• , V T ,, ' . governor (•! *" & il matters even against the advice » f his ccuncfj , „ . . " ,,, e political representative ; and incases , _" tB , It J or of danger , the abselute masttrofthe pro-
,I Ind I 'Ill War, At Least In Wards, J^...
Tbe chief * ofthe temporal and spiritual army the generals and officers , the Archbishops , Bishop , ' atld Priests , the officials employed , and all his subject ! owe hiraablindobed . ence In commence of this absolute power , be is called in Gallicia the Kaiserial Satrap . THE QiLUCU * TJ 1 ET . Th . diet of Gallicia , established in 1817 is convoked every year ia the month of October convoked ltl . composed of four estates- , " Firstl y , theEccle . lasttcil ; feeconlly , that of Ma-m-it « . tk- ! ji ... ! r S ^ chta ; and Fourthl y , the % JS hf' ile ^ l S ^ Tr ' ; " Ar ^ 4 t BiC -d . rises Ut ^ 7- ^\ ^ : tha second estate com-1 , ' «• ' «" . Counts , and B-r » n . ; the third Iw h " ' ? Sa 11 the ^ "hcisor ancwiitPolish Militia which th . Rawer had assimilated to the Gtrmanio Knights ( Hitter . - , Iu order for a Silachcic to appjarat Uie diet and bear tho title o / Xuncio , he must be acknow-Wgad as KuigUt by the Emperor , and pay to tbe Kaiser 7 » Bonus { £ C ) yearly , as Seigiwrial tux . »¦»« - _ .. i . ir-fj Af tha ionium **! « . « .- ! ; -.
That Is to say for the right ol exacting forced labour from the Polish peasantry . The fourth estate comprises two deputies from the capital , Leopol , out ; of whom is always Burgomaster of Leopol , and the other a citizen of Lvpol , chosen by the Burgomaster . The Burgomaster is always a thorough bied German , and a stranger not on ' y to tha town but also to Gallicia ; he is besidesa secret councillor ofthe Kaiser ' s ( Geheimrath . ) Tim Bint , thus composed , me- U and disperses on the day fixed upon by the Kaiser . It ia expressly forbidden the Diet to interfere in all matters relative to public administration . It is only alloiv-.-d to occupy itself with the means of augmenting the productions ofthe country . The light of petition is granted to it on condition that the petition be signed by the Governor .
TBE C £ SS « EiUtP . The Austrian censorship ist \ ir more systematically arbitrary than tbat ot * any other of the absolute states . The introduction and reading of newspapers and Polish books , printed in Russian Poland , were , until the insurrection of Polan . l , in 1830 , even more strenuously forbidden lhan French books aud newspapers . In order to persuade and force tb Poles indirect !; to learn German , a little more liberty is accorded to German than to the Polish authors . All that is destined to appear in print , all drawings , engravings , and paintings , must pass a censorship , and meet with it * approval .
It is forbidiieu for Austrian subjects to have their books printed by foreisuers , with-. iut the permission ot the aulic chancery , at Vicuna . Conr taiitineSlomiiiski , an ex-olhcer of tbe French En-. pire , Chevalier of ihe L-. gion of Honor . Imperial Commissary of bis department , Librarian to the I' . ilish library at Leopol , a celebrated juriscons ' -list , nn < l a listmguished writer , bad received a siusil prayer bot-k , pr ' ntrd iu Pjris , and sent to bim in stcret , either by a friend or by an Austrian agent . He bad been long suspected by the police of patriotism and love of Poli-h nationality . At midnight bis house was surrounded by Dragoons , and be was dragged from bis bed . His wife , juat out of her confinement , was torn from the embraces of her husband , and clinging desperately to him , was stunned by the butt-end of tbeir guns , which caused b-r to empire upon the spot . Slotwtuekt was sentenced to twenty years hard labour ( ad caicercm durissimum . )
In ail Austrian Poland , there are but five printing establishments , three at Lejpol , one at Tarnow , and one at I ' rzemysl . This last belongs to a Pole , aud only prints religious songs ; the four others to Germans , to nnom this privilege if almost txclusivelv accorded , lo all Austrian Poland there is but one newspaper , in German aud Polish , this last is composed of four pages in quarto , and is only allowed to print news unconnected with po'itics , as contained iu the Austrian journal , tbe " Observer . " edited at Vieuua by the private secretary of the High Chancellor . The censors of the newspapers are atthe same time the functionaries or paid ag . nts ef the Euipervr ,
We have good authority for stating what the authjr does not seem to be awam of , that Slotwitiski is now out of prisou . Let us here add that the Polish nobleman , Zaboklicki Vincent , Zalewski Leon , and otheis who freed their peasants , were arrested and punished as rebels , condemned and sent to Spielberg . To return to the censorship , —
STATE 0 E GiLLICU . In Gallicia the wretchedness of the Burghers , Jews , aud particularly ofthe peasantry , surpasses all that can be conceived . The Polbh peasants can afford even black bread oaly three or four months of the year : they live tbe remainder ofthe time oa potatoes , with the exception of three or four months in the spring ; when driven to subsist ou green meat , extreme pr ' n atlon renders tbase poor wielches sallow , their bodies swell , and fever carries away thousands—particularly children and aged persons—every year . Out of a hundred eVildren born , at least sixty die before the age of six , and it is rare in Gallicia to see a peasant seventy years of age . At the s > me time Gallicia produces three times as much corn as would properly support its population , which amounts to upwards of four millions , but the taxes ate so high , and money is su scan-, that very of ten the wholn crop does not suffice to pay the Kaiser his direct taxes .
A P-jLsh nobleman who has but a single village , consisting of forty or fifty peasants' huts , with three or four thousand acre ? , with mills , ponds , and public houses upon them , is olteu not able to pay the schooling of his two sons . Out of one hundred proprietors the property of ninety is seised , sequestered , or eventually sold to pay the taxes , ; A body ofthe landholders made a written declaralion in which they assigned over tbeir property to the Kaiser on condition of his granting them subsistence , but the Kaiser refused to accept their offer ; be even desired tha authorities in future not to transmit to Vienna such declarations of which be could not take cogniEance , Begging is forbidden , but there is no provision made far the poor and aged .
T -..I, ,^ -'"" 1' " Derived From The Gr...
t -. . i , , ^ - '"" ' " derived from the Greek word Terror and ^ t , K'a g or Prince . h , j ^ tprA c"niesfroia eteicn , ; s and eignifiee lovcreign * k - ^ 51 J COtnM from the Greek word K ««<> 1 which ia avion "''" French hy C « ar , iatoPol » ubj Cesan , u , m b * f Tear , into German bj K « B « r .
Cftjfemal Antr Jfornp Mflltgmm
Cftjfemal antr jfornp Mflltgmm
New Zealand. - The Barquc;Mary, Levens, ...
NEW ZEALAND . - The barquc ; Mary , Levens , arrived at Plymouth on the Oth of January ; lett Auckland , September 20 . Her Majesty ' s ship Castor , 3 G , Captain Charles Graham ; her Miyeaty ' s snip Racehorse , 18 , Commander George J . Hay , and a sloop of-war , not the Carysfertd , were at Auckland . A native chief , of Ranghictas tribe , was prisoner on board one of these ships . The settlement of Auckland is in a most flourishing condition . The Government are erecting banacks upon a most extensive scale . JJappily for this settlement the neighbouring tribe , that of the Waicata , the most populous on the island , is friendly disponed towards the settlers , for whom they willingly labour for hire .
CAPE OF GOOD HOPE . Cape of Good Hope papers have been received to the 10 th of November . Reinforcemcnts-of troops had arrived at Graham ' s Town , ai : d several vessels had succeeded in landing provisions at Waterloo Bay . A severe gale had visited Algoa Bay from the south east , and extended along the coast , causing much damnge to the shipping . Five vessels were driven ashore in Algoa Bay , and there were one or two shipwrecks at Port Elizabeth , There was good reason to hope that the Kaffir war was at last ended ; and as the British authorities had had very wisely exacted unconditional surrender , there is a prospect of such arrangement as will secure tranquillity uprn the extended frontier of our South African possessions for rrany years to cmie . Macomo having submitted , Sandiila was inclined to follow , and , as a earnest of good faith , had already ordered hi * subjects to surrender part of their arms . Both the Kaffir and Tambookie chiefs were submitting .
FRANCE . A serious c ^ rn riot took place on the 4 th instant , in the market of Lencloitre . The price of wheat was 23 f . the hectolitre , when a man named Rabreu presented himself , accompanied by several peasants , and asked to have it reduced to lot . This not being complied with , the crowd rushed on the sellers , and cut the corn sacks , so that in a short time the market place was strewed with wheat . The National Guard was called out , but the riot becoming more and more serious , the sendarmery were obliged to act , and the peasants continuing to pres * on them , and to overwhelm them with stones , they were forced to use their sabres , and 2 menwere killed . Night put a stop to the disturbance , and the Prefect ef Vienne , being informed of whathad taken place , sent from Poitiers a j squadron of Cuirassiers and a detachment of tht . troops of the liue .
Symptoms of increasing distress in Paris are perceptible . The number of persons who avail themselves of the relief afforded by the power to obtain bread at a reduced price through the benevolence of the public was augmenting . The Municipal Council of Paris voted on Friday , without opposition , a sum of 2 * 3 , 000 francs for that object . The Echo Agrieolo states , that within the last three days the price of flour had increased in the Paris market by nearly one franc per sack . The quantity sold on Saturday amounted to 7 , 323 quintals . Very little wheat was offered f < _ > r sale on that day , and the priced evinced a tendency to rise . DBKAliFUL DESTITUTION" OF THE POOH—SBRIOT / 3 DlfASIEUS
The lieformc remarks , that whilst the Ministerial journals are filled with details of the distress existing in Ireland , they are silent with respect to the sufferings of the labouring classes throughout France . In corroboration of its statement , the Reforme publishes the following letter , dated St . Aingnan , the 3 d inst .: — * ' Disasters of every kind are being accumulated on our heads . Inundations , dearness of provisions , and riots , —I repeat riots ; simple peasants , ordinarilvmost peaceably , have bad ihe great temerity to complain too loudly of their sufferings , to menace the authorities , and to destroy some measures used bv dealers in corn which were found to be deficient iu capacity . Tbi » d « uionsvrat » a prcduwd & visit
New Zealand. - The Barquc;Mary, Levens, ...
'rom the officers of the Crown , to St . Aignan , accompanied by an immense military force , when some poor wretches were arrested and condemned to pay fines and suffer imprisonment , crhilst the inhabitants are compelled to feed and lodge the troops despatched from Blois . Our small towns presents tho most afflicting spectacle . At tours the prisons are filled to excess . All the towns in the neighbourhood , as Romorantin , Chatillon-sur-lndre , and Montrichard , arc treated with equal severity When will all this finish ?"
The Reforme publishes also the following letter from Yvetot , in Normandy : — " Tbe misery existing in this country is frightful . We reckon 300 indigent families , out of a population of 10 , 000 . Charitable worhhouscs have been established , where all the unemployed arc received , but those bouses entail considerable expense on tho inhabitants ; and notwithstanding the collections made , and tho other means adopted to procure funds , it is to be feared that the available resources ofthe town will bo speedily exhausted . "
Tho Journal dee DebaU states that serious disturbances had taken place in the department of the Vienna , in consequence of the high price of corn . Several National Guards who attempted to prevent sacks of wheat from being pillaged were disarmed ; and even a bndv of Gendarmes were obliged to retreat before the victorious mob , and to entrench themselves in their barracks . These occurrences took place at the mr . rkct ot Lencloitre , near Chatcl Ilerault .
OPENING OP THB TRENCH CnAMmUlS . On Monday the French Chambers were opened with the usual monarchial fooleries , not forgetting the usual military precautions for the purpose of shielding " his Majesty" Louis Philippe from any extraordinary exhibition ofthe " loyalty" of his faithful people ! THE SPEECH . " Gentlemen , Peers , and D < puties , — "In summoning you to resume the labour ofthe
session , my first wish is that you should afford my Government all vour co-operation , in order to relieve the sufferings which this year distress a part of n \' population . 1 have hastened to order the measures best calculated to attain that object . I trust , that by the firm maintenance of order , by tho liberty and security of commercial transactions , by an amplo and judicious application ofthe public resources efficiently aiding the zoal of private charity , we shall mitigate these trials , with which Providence sometimes visits the raost prosperous states .
" Mv relations with all the foreign Powers afford me the firmest confidence that the peace ofthe world continues secure . "The marriage of my beloved son , the Duke dr Montpensier , with my beloved niece the Infanta of Spain , Luisa Fernanda , has completed the satisfaction and consolation which Providence has vouchsafed me in my family . This union will be a fresh pledge of those good and intimate relations which have so long subsisted between France and Spain , and the maintenance of which is as desirable for the pro-perity as for the reciprocal security of the two ^ tutcs " I have reason to hope that the affairs of La Plata will , before Ions , be adjusted conformably to the views adopted by my Government , in concert with that of the Queen of Great Britain , for the re-establishment ofthe security of our commercial relations in those countries .
" I have concluded with the F . mperor of Rus « ia a treaty of navication , which guarantees to ns , by a just reciprocity in our maritime relations with that empire , advantages which it was important to us tu preserve . "An unexpected erent has impaired the state of affairs founded in Europe by the last treaty of Vienna . The republic of Cracow , an independent and neutral state , has been incorporated with the empire of Austria . 1 have protested against this infraction of the treaties . "At home tbe constant progress ot the public revenue , despite of causes which might have checked it . demonstrates tbat the activity and resources of th' - country continue to increase . The finance laws , and various other laws relative to important improvements in the legislation and administration of the kingdom , will be submitted to your deliberation .
" The great public works which wc have undertaken shall be completed with the perseverance ^ which the interests ofthe country command , and with the prudence indispensable to tho maintenance of public credit . 'You will also have to direct your attention to measures calculated to second in our African possesion the progress of colonization and its internal prosperity . Tranquillity , so happily restored in Algeria by the valour arid devotednesa of our army , permits us to examine maturely that important question , respecting which a special bill shall be presented to vou .
' * Gentlemen , a common feeling animates ns . You are all , like me and my family , devoted to the happiness and grandeur of our country ; and already lon » experience has enlightened us as to the policy best suited to her interests , both moral and material , and which must secure its present prosperity and the future pacific and regular developement of its destinies . I expect with confidence , from your patriotism and wisdom , the co-operation necessary to tho accomplishment of » his great task . Let us assist each other in supporting the burden , and Franco will reap the fruit of our efforts . " Paris , Tuesoit Evesisg . Both Chambers sat to-day . In both M . Guiznt laid on the table a number ol documents relative to
the affairs of Spain and Cracow . In the Deputies , the monthly bureaux were organised in the usual manner . All the presidents and secretaries are Conservative members . When ML Guizot presented the documents alluded to , a number ot Deputies rushed forward to see what they consisted of . There are in all nine documents relative to Cracow , and 25 on the Spanish marriages .
PORTUGAL . THE CIVI 1 WAR . Advices were received on Monda ? from Lisbon to the 6 th inst .. brought by the Achilles steamer , which had put in there for coals . An action had taken place at Braga , between the Miguelitc General M'Donnell and the Queen ' s Troops under Baron Casal . in which the former were defeated , aiter a loss of a couple et hundred men . Several attempts had been made to effect a coalition between the Septembristas and the Miguelites , upon some common principle of public policy , hut hitherto they had ucceded only to the extent of uniting both against the Queen—the settlement of their own differences being d . ferred until they had disposed of " the common enemy . " What a prospect for the country ! In the mean time both parties were concerning their whole military force in tha neighbourhood of Oporto , which will doubtless soon become the scene ol a
decisive contest , GERMANY . A Irishtfol state ot destitution prevails in Germany . " In Cologne , the superintendent of the poor h . w distributed 30 , 000 tickets for bread at lower prices , besides 2 ( 5 . 500 lbs . of bread gratis per week , and 7 , 000 portions of soup every day . Besides this there is an association for the relief of the temporary distress , which distributes clothing , blankets , ic . The most frightful distress reigns jthroughout Elberfield , one of the great manufacturing districts oi Prussia . Most of the weavers are without employment , and tho Kolniscke Zeitwg reckons the number of idle looms at no fewer than 3 , 000 . Tho workmen are reduced to beggary , and those who cannot submit to this degradation arc dying with hunger and
cold-Great distress has prevailed for some time past m the Duchy of Brunswick , and the severity of tho frost ha * much increased it . Thf Confiscation or Cracow . —A Vienna letter ofithe 31 st ultimo , in tho Rhenish Observer , states that the Swedish Ambassador atthe Court of Austria has presented a very strong and dignified protest in the name of his Sovereign , as one of the parties to the treaty of Vienna against the incorporation ot Cracow . Arrest of Communists . —The German Journal of Tranlfurt of the 0 th states that several arrests have taken place at Magdeburg , of persons supposed to be in correspondence with the Communists of Berlin .
Punch expelled from Vienna . —Jan . I , — 'Ihe few copies of the London i '«« 'A . by extraordinary permission , were yesterday officially demanded back . The number in question contains a caricature of ^ the sovereigns of Russia , Prussia , aud Austria . The wits of Vienna say , on New Year's eve Ranch w <» verv unexpectedly ' prohibited .
SWITZERLAND . SYMPTOMS OF REVOLUTION . _ Two popular meetings , lately held in the canton of Friburg . having been attended with some disorder * , the Government had published a decree on tho 28 th ult . forbidding such assemblies , and directing that the authors and promoters thereof should he regarded as preachers of sedition and disturbers ol the public peace , and , as such , apprehended and unished with all the rigour of the law . The Government went still further , and ordered the Prefect of Estavayer t <> arrest two leader * of the Liberal party , Messrs . Faselam ! Durui , which order wits exe cuted on the 31 st ult . On hearing of this violent measure , the people rang the tocsin iu several vilhundred
lages , and iua short tune a body of some men , mostly armed , marched into the chief town of the district , singing " the Marseillaise , " and demanded of the Prefect the immediate liberation of the prisoners . The functionary was obliged to accede to their injunction , after which the insurgents organised a sort of insurrectionary committee . The Council « f State of Friburg , apprised by express of these events , despatched on the ls instant two of its members , Messrs . Griset de Forel and Techterman , to the insurgentdistrict . The agitation , in the mean while , had spread through the French portion ofthe canton . The German part , on the other hand , which is peopled by an ignorant and fanatical peasantry , threatened to rise in support ofthe Go vernnicut . On the 3 d instant the Liberals held a
New Zealand. - The Barquc;Mary, Levens, ...
Krcat popular assembly at BuIJe , the principal town of the district of Gnu ere , at which it was reaolred to support their friends of Estavayer , and to make common cause with them , should the Friburg Government attempt to reduce them by force . On thei » side the authorities of the Canton de Vaud , withia whose limits the district of Estavayer is included , had determined to refuse tha militia of Fribwrs a passage through their territory . The Government of Berne was invested , from the 1 st oi January , with the direction ofthe federal affairs , and , being composed almost exclusively of Radicals , it was denned probable that it would afford tho insurgents every assistance in its power .
THE INSURRECTION . Since the above was in typo the following information has been received from Berne , dated the 7 th instant : — " Yesterday a body of from six to seven hundred men arrived at Morat , from Estavayer and its environs , and at ni » ht , after concerting measures with the inhabitants of that place , they commenced their march towards Fribourg . Another column was to arrive at the same time from Bulle and Gruyercs in order to attack Fribourg on both sides ; the Government , however , had on the previous evening ordered a battalion to that point , and on tho arrival ot the insurgents the tocsin was sounded , and kept ringing during the whole night , in order to call to the aid of Fribourg all the able-bodied men ofthe German part of the canton between that place and Berne , and which part ofthe country is devoted t 6 the Government and to the existing order of thiiiL ' . s . The
Government has called an extraordinary meeting nf the Grand Council for the Oth . The Government ol Berne , now the Vorort , has ordered to the frontier two companies of infantry and two of cavalry , and has ordered other troop * to lndd themselves iu ' readiness . No news had been received this morning , but it appears that the Government of Fribourg maintains itself , otherwise accounts would have been received of its abdication . It is besides stated , that the Government of Borne lias decided on not tolerating tho residence in that canton o » ' M . ileinzen , a German , and the author of a very violent publication against the sovereigns of Germany . He had previously been expelled from the canton of Zurich . The Bernese Government held its first sitting of Directory oh the 5 th , and announced to tht > . diplomatic body that it had taken on itself the direction of jiffairs . The letter conveying this information was couched in very conciliatory terms . "
A letter troni Bale , ot the 8 ; h , says- '— Hie insurrection is spreading , and has reached Murten , and the districts of Bo'le , Gniycres , and Stofes . On t ! : c evening of the Cth , the Castle of Mdrten was curried by assault by the insurgents , who made the Governor prisoner , and then marched ou towards Fribourgh . The Regency of that canton has taken up arms , but the Government of Lausanne has refused n passage to the troops , composed of a b : ittaion of infantry and a company of carabineers . A
re-;> wt ; is current that two hundred volunteers liom Murten and Stofes have entered Fribourg , but other accounts state that they have arrived before that city , whare they await reinforcements from Bolle and Rontons . It is , however , stated that , at the first news ofthe insurrection , the Executive Council marched two companies of infantry on -New-neck ; that the first battalion and the company of carabineers were to occupy Schwatsenburg , Lanper , and Newneck , whilst the second battalion would be held in readiness to act as circumstances required . "
POLAND . Private letters from Galicia announce that the Austrian Government had published a new ordinance relative to landed property in th . it province , which reduced the [ number of corvees ( daya on which the peasants are obliged to work for their landlord *) from 52 per annum to 26 ; and , in Jsome cases to 17 or 18 . The inhabitants of the different districts of Galicia were , in consequence , convoked to receive a communication if that ordinance , which the government considered calculated to satisfy their cxij . ' euciea . To tho great astonishment of the authorities , however , not a single district , even those which had not participated in the recent atrocious murders , would sign or accept the ordinance . All _ declared against any amount of _ forced labour baing in future required of them , and insisted that the laud they cultivated should become their property .
ANOTHER CIRCASSIAN VICTORY—GREAT SLAUGHTER OF THE RUSSIANS . Information has just been received of a Circassian victory over the Llusiaiw on the coast of Abftsaia . The engagement is said to have taken place at Karatoprek , on or about the 17 th of December , and cost the Russians 700 men . There has been severe fighting in Daglicstnn , on the ojherside ofthe Caucasus , and it is said the Russians have had 3 , 000 men at once hors de combat . Thb War in the Caucasus . —According to accounts from Tillis , in the German Journal of Frankfort ofthe 5 h , the successes of the Russian ? in the Cauc .-isus Iihvc been much lens decisive than the . V * . Petersburg Jourml has stated , and have not had the elFcct of discouraging the natives fr * n > new efforts in favour of independence . Schamyl continues to display much vigour , and has theeaiumand of important
resources
UNITED STATES . FREEDOM OF TUE PUBLIC LANDS . The National Reformers have adipttd the following memorial for public signature : — To the Congress of the United States : The undersigned , citizens ot the United States , respectfully represent—That , in their opinion , the system of Land Traffic , imparted to thiscountrx from Europe , is wrong in principle ; that it is fast debasing us to the condition of dependent tenants , of which condition a rapid increase of inequality , misery , pauperism , vice and crime , are the necessary consequences ; ami that , therefore , now in the infancy ot the republic , wc should take effectual
measures to eradicate the evil , and establish a principle more in accordance with our republican theory , . is laid down in t ! ie Declaration of Independence ; " to which end wc propose that the General Government shall no longer traffic , nor permit traffic , in the Public Lands yet in its possession , and that they shall lie laid out in farms and lots , for the free use of such citizens ( not possessed of other land ) as will occupy thom , allowing the settler the right to dispose of his possessions to any one not posicsaed of other land ; and that the jurisdiction of tho Public Lands be transferred to States t r territories only on condition that such a disposition should be made of them .
A memorial to the State ( of New York ) Legislature has also been adopted , concluding with the following demand : — That a law may be enacted , embracing the following measures , until they can be made a part of the Constitution : — 1 . A limitation of the quantity of land that any individual may hereafter acquire in this State , say to 100 acres . 2 . The exemption of the homestead of each family , not to exceed 100 acres , from alienation for any future debt or liability , or in any manner except by the joint consent of husband and wife , where such relation msv exist .
And we respectfully request that by every constitutional means you will endeavour to prevent all further tralfii in the Public Lands of this State , and ofthe United States , and cause them to be laid out in farms and lots for the tree and exclusive uao ol actual settlers .
Advance Of The Cholera. Tremsondk, Dec. ...
ADVANCE OF THE CHOLERA . Tremsondk , Dec . 7 , ISiC . The choleraispursuing its march towards Europe . Wo have received accounts from Tabriz to the 24 th of November , by which we learn that the scourge had ceased in that city . During eight days no case had been declared . The disease had carried its ravage * to Choi , Makou , and Bajasid . This last city , of which tho population had been several times decimated by the plague , is situated on the Turkish territory , adjoining the Persian and Russian frontiers , to tho south of Mount Amirat . Thus the cholera is approaching the Black Sea by tho road taken by ihe caravans , whilst it ascends , in another direction , tho banks of the Euphrates and the Tigris , shaping its cuurj-e towards Syria . Europe , therefore , is menaced on two sides . Notwithstanding tho intense
cold which prevails in Asorbeidjan , and on the table lands of Turkish Armenia , the scourge has extended thither . Neither the elevation of a town nor th * cold a |» pears _ to destroy the terrible epidemic . An English physician who resided in Persia stated in a letter to me that no town in that country , with a population exceeding 10 , 000 souls , has been spared by cholera , with the exception of those of Salmas and Urmia , which arc situated on the Turkish frontier . When spreading from Moschcd , where the disease first brohe out , towards the west and south , it appeared to have passed over several vast districts , leaving behind it several populous towns , but at a later period the malady always returned and desolated the localities which it had hitherto spared . The population of Tabriz , which counted 125 , 000 souls , is now . reduced to 100 , 000 . More than 15 . 000 perished , and all the foreign merchants have quitted it .
The Awjsburtjh Gazette of the 5 th inst . publisher a letter ( Vein Udessa , which announces that the chaiera had passed the Araxes , and had committed great ravages in the neighbourhood of Seljean and the Caspian Sea .
Singular Death Trom Scalding.— On Wednes...
Singular Death trom Scalding . — On Wednesday afternoon an inquest was taken before Mr . Baker , at the Bishop BLiize , New Inn-yard , Shoreditch , on the body of Henry Annell , aged ten years , the son of a butcher , residing at No . f > , Spencer-street , in that neighbourhood . On Tuesday afternoon , the 5 th inutiuvt , the deceased was in the slaughter-house of Mr . Miller , butcher , in Shoreditch , with his father . lie was standing on the copper , which was full of boiling water , placing some bladders in a bag , when tho lid gave way , and he was immersed in the boiling water . Ho was immediately extricated from the copper , and both his legs were found to be most frightfully scalded . He expired on tho following Saturday . Verdict— " Accidental death . "
Ireland. Wm1njs Ind Pjstildwci. The Pape...
IRELAND . WM 1 NJS iND PJSTILDWCI . The papers are filled with what may be iefjaed the annals of Irish misery . Our only difficulty is in selecting from the accumulatednnd terrible mass , such a synopsis ofthe general state of the country , as may snlhce to give an accurate idea of the suffering now hland tLe il l"fated P ° P ulation of tho 9 i 9 ter
Tl , » i „ J J " f W " » T Rimso op CORK . , «« r » l f . nrf ^ T ^ , P 0 Bl th ! s d » t ™ t are Of ft IIIMt sS ^ SrisJ !^ - ^ ^^ Rantkt , Jan . 3—It is my paiufal Out , to inform von of six inquests lield here this th y . y The jury unanimously n reed , without a moment * * hesitation , that tho following persons came to their deaths hy starvation , vte . : — Catherine Shcehan , a child , two year * oli , who died on tho 26 th of December iast , and hud lived for scverM ilnys previous to her death on sea weed , nart of which \\ a » produced by Dr . M'CartJiy , who held a post mortem ex . animation on her body . The other details iiiihiicnxr urc masth-art-rcndini ? . Michael Sullivan died nt Sknhnnn , on or about the 4 th of December , from the effects of eating too hearty a meal , « hich he had received through charity , after being previously exhausted from over-lons ; fsstiiv ' .
Uiidiord Finn , was conveyed into this town on the Nth of December , in u cur , for the purpose of taking him to tho workhouse , when , in the street , the Very IU-v . Thomas Barry , parish priest , was obliged to hi-ar his confession before the public , and before he had timu to complete hi * sniTid duties the poor man expired , John Diistoll was working on ono of the public worki on the 29 th ofDccember ; on his return home he fell rx liausted forwent of food , and was found dead on tin mountain of Glounlnu ^ h on the foHon-iiur morning His wife proved that he had oaten nothing for two days pro . vious to his death , except a quantity of boiled wheat , and that he frequently had n similar fast . Jeremiah Carthy entered the shop of Mr . Unhirt Vicktry , of this town , whm he HI stiisilnss , and di . d in three hours after at the workhouse , though being kindly attended to by the Itev . Mr . Freeman , Dr , Jflgoi 1 , and thu family , before his removal .
Michael Linrhantvns found dead on the limit of Ibanr on the 18 th of December last , He was on his way home from Iiatitry after purchasing some foed for his moLh'i and brother ( which were all his family ) who ww thou lying in fever ; there were some turnip peels or skin found in his stomach . flead constable Grant then stated to the magistrates that there were three other similar cases , hut thu bench , considering it too late to proceed with hearing them , they were postponed for a future day . While the court was sitting tli >> Very Hew Th' -nns Barry reported another victiai wlm had fallen on entering the workhouse , before he had time to administer the sacraments to him . 1 close with sending you the remonstrance of the jury as handed in by their foreman , Mr . K O'Sulliriin .
That we feel it our duty to state , under the correction of the Court , that it is our opinion that if the Guvernmeut ofthe country shall persevere in its determiitati-m of refusing to use the m «> . i » s available to it for the purpose of lowering the piice of food , so as to place it within the reach of the labouring poor , the result will be a . aerifiee of human life from starvation to it frightful extent , an : endangerment of property and of tho public peace . The following summary ofthe deaths in tho other portions Of the County is from the Cork Examiner : —
SKIUDEhEEM . In the parish of Kilmoe fourteen diid on Sunday . Three of these are buried in coffins—eleven are buried without other covering than ihe rags they wore when alive . And one gentleman , a good and charitable man , speaking of this , nays— " The distress is so appalling , that we must throw away all feelings of delicacy ; " and another says—'' I would rather give a shilling to a starving man than four and sixpence for a coffin . " One hundred and forto died in tha Skibbereen workhouse in one month ; flight have died in one day . Aad M Carthy Downing states that " they camo into the house merely and solely for the purprse of getting a roflin . " The Rev . Mr . Clancy visits a farm , and there , in one home , "he administered the last rites of religion to six persons . " On a subsequent occasion , ho " prepared for death a father and a daughter lying in the same bod . "
Thelt « v . Mr . Caulfieldsces " thirteen members of one family lyirvv * dnsvn in fever . " The Hev . Mr , Fitzpatrick retires to rest nt throe in the morning , and rises after a couple of houra'iieavy sleep . It : s ihe same with bis coadjutors . Dr . Donovan solemnly assures a public m-etiug that the people are " dropping in dozens about them . " Mr . Mannion says that n- irk on the public road is even more destructive than fiver ; for the unfed wi-. tcbes have not energy enough to keep their blood in circulation , and they drop down from the united effects of cold and hunger—never to rise again .
DINGLE , The Itev . Mr . G .-rycr , of Dingle , in a letter which will he found elsewhere , says— " the people there are dying by inches ; " tbat he wonders they are so patient as '' t > lie down and die , without breaking open the Government stores , " and that two-thirds ofthe " population should perish if food bo not cheapened there !"
C 800 KUAVEN . A correspondent writing to us from this locality , say * — " There have been fifteen deaths of starvation in tliir locality these last seven days , all leaving widows and orphans . TRACTON , Sixteen Deaths from Starvation The following appalling letter , from the indefatigable but sorrowing Hector of the district , is addressed to the Chief Secretary for Ireland . The details in this able letier are sufficient to take hold of the officials at tho Castle . " To T . N . Itedingtoti , E ; q ., Sec , Ac , « fcc , Dublin Castle . " Whilst a remedy exists in tho Ian-, or the exchequer , tie government will ' protect the people from starvation . '" '' Tr . icton , Carrigaline , Cork , Jan . 5 , 1 S
47-•' Sir , —At an extraordinary sessions held at Dally , feard , on last Monday three weeks , fur the Barony of Keunalea , i !)\ 0 !) U of our money became available to the government for the relief of our poor . Since then , and at this season of destitution and death , twenty-seven additional men have bucn employed—ninety-seven men have been employed on three new works , and seventy dismissed from works in previous operation . Those win have been guilty of this neglect , are answerable t <> God anl man for its conscqueucci . 1 went to our Relie ! Committee last Monday fortnight , thinking the works pre . sentcd for would be opened , because I knew they could
I went yesterday week . I went yesterday , even this day an adjourned meeting of the Cnmmittue , has been held ; still no road , no work , no relief , all despair . 1 relumed home distracted and disgusted . Distracted , to know how to answer the gaunt groups who gathered around me , whose faces published their own famine , whilst their tongues only recorded that of their children . Disgusted , that human misery and human life could be so slightly appreciated by authorities paid for the protection of the people . If I did not remonstrate against such conduct , I would be a reii'gado to my feelings as a man , and my duties as a pastor .
" As your benevolence made an impression upon me , I address myself to you . We h-. ivc in our relief di-triet ( to which alone my remarks apply ) 1 . 200 , in cruel need of employment ; half that number , I think , lira idle , and h If the idle with their families are literally famishing . "Now , Mr . Secretary , the nurds heading this letter were spoken by you to me nt the Castle , last Si ptemh-.-r-A similar p ! dge was given to the nation , by Lord John llussell in his place in Parliament . Have the govi rnmviit kept their faith thus oflicially plighted ? The entiinless corpses of Mayo will answer . No . The starved skeletonof Skibbereen will answer , No . That damning response will find an echo hare , aud almost in every mountain side and village in the kingdom . 0 <\ -r sixteen death * occurred in my parishes for the last ten days . I am
morally certain that each ami every one of them was occasioned and accelerated by want of food and tire . Buckley , of Iinllyvorano , and Sullivan , of Oystorhaven . died suddenly . Buckley dropped dead on the works , utter a journey of three miles before day . His wile will make affidavit , 'that he had not sufficient food the night before he died , aud that she and the rest of hoi- fauiilv lived thirty-six hours on wild » eea . ' s , to spare a bit of the cake for him , ' ( lu this , case iv coroner ' s venlict was given without sight of the body . ) This horrifying economy is practised by scores of families in this district . Similar effects must be expected from similar causes . I fear we must bury tho dmd ' coHinle » s'in future . . Mj God !! what a revolting idea ! W / ithoutfood when alive , without a cuftlu wheu dead . Could such a calamity befal Snglani" . on account of the failure of a vulgar esculent ?
Alter some further forcible observation the writer that concludes : — " 1 conjtreyou , through the mercy you expect from Cod , to put the lately presented roads of our Darony into immediate and simultaneous operation . If you beed tbis earnest prayer with the insolence soisetimos characteristic of office , I declare my influence in preserving longer the pence of this district at an end . I declare the same of my order clsenln ro similarly cii cumitiinced . If the clergy fail to preserve the pea .-e of t ' . ie land at this crisis , than you nwi'i pvojuvc scalibardlc > s troopers and hand over to tiiem for hire , the mono ) that would have saved tho people and preserve thu peace . The correspondent of the Corfc ComM ' ttition says : —
An outrage was committed near Glcugarriff on Friday night . The bouse of a man named Sullivan was attacked by five men with their faces blue * ened . four of whom entered the house and demanded Sullivan ' s money , which lie refused . They then put him on h's knees , one of then : being armed with a ba . Nonei , another with a pike , and a third with a knifo , and threatened to cut his throat . Sullivan ' s w ife besought of them to save his life , and eho would give up what money they had . She then took the money from a hole in an outhouse aud handed to them . One of the fellows then took a suit of clothes , but another desired him to leave thom after him as they might lead to their discovery , and they retired taking with them £ 15 , which they had been banded . Cows and fcbeep are stolen every night off the lauds in the barony of Bantry .
Alter Closing My Lust Letter In Skibbert...
Alter closing my lust letter in Skibbert « ' < a c > iie oc . eurred which I th ' nk it right to state . Gm »< into tho hotel yard , I perceived an unfortunate vroinx '> rush h y me and take up som . ! fiuh guts w' ich lay in a fetid , pool , and ntiriiig she eat them ravonoudy . On , felting outsid- ! th < sgateway she realcd for a tew p . ne » i ! lt > i \ then fell , but , while Lving exhausted on ihe street , with the most savage ferocity gho continued to gnaw the dis ^ usiting entrails . Smgo , Jay . !> . —A ( . armi . vo Sprkad of Feveij ^ - Fever was nevar before so rife , or so di-sirnctivi ' , in
Siigo . The I ' cver-ho . 'fiital is crowded to excess , although ton new beds more than tint hon-e < v : v , intended to hold were lately put up ! ' Aeain , on Tntadivy InSt ! , two littc orphans , ot . ter « k-r year * , were admitted into the poor-hou < c , and it anpciiTtl by the recommendation if the warden , th ^ t their father , mother , hrother , nnrt sister , had dud the « ek ; nvvioiisly of typhus fever ! To show ihj statu of tho workhonsc itself , and the deplorahie condition of its inmates , we publish tbe following o . Miv . of fr- m Dr . Knott ' s report to the board , read at the last , imeting ;—
In cnnspijroencc of the great amount of illneis in the workhouse , which is doily innvnsimr , 1 am ng . W ) reluctantly obli ged to bring the subject before you Three hundred niul fwrty-tbree are at present on the nUk list , a great nixjoiity » f which nr ? ra « es ofdjsuitery u-. ' . d fever , twintj-. hve i , e „ ( .. „„ ft , rer { „ .,, )„ * ,, j j , nv " }„ . prochilled from sorting to the Fever Hospital , in ennsequeuce nf , t , being j uU ) f ., „ , » , ;) , , , | A 1 ( f ,- „ ,., „ f ( ly . .-..-tery , have tt . kei , place witl , ; ,. the last few dins , and 1 haven ., doubt that th , „ e . lisr-as ,,, which are highly inleetious , will spread rupidh , hrnn , h the Pi . lir * oi the inmate ,, if proper „ , e , „ ls nre llot SJ ( ,. „ |)(]( , ( o c „ tenet so teartul a i-alunitv .
Wulnve . only to nil . l , thatnlihoii ^ h tli . iK . live persons in lever were sent fnmi the workhouse to the hnspir . il , they apj siill ljing threo in a bod m the former imtiui . tion ! Hut it is not the woikhon * .-, nor in the hospital , the dreadful disease is making most h :. v , > c , but in the wretched hovel homes « f the starvir ,- pcnsnuiry . In the upper parts nf the county they are bury in .: tlw ' m without eoilins ; even in our own town it io no unusual thing to « o « n funeral accompanied by no human Indus Inu the driver of the curt upon which the kody is placed , iu its 'bin shell . In short , things are beginning to -veir the -. Hint ! iSpectthvy always wear during tfie f . \ Utenre of a idague . I'lUCKS OP FOOD .
The hoarders and sprculat is are still at work , driving their hard calling ' , enn less of Ihe misery they inflict , provided only tlii ' v c- > n turn a ) emiy to t ! . n utmost possible advantage . Ciinip ! ,-iiji' 8 » ff ; imi : ie prices lire snunditij : from every corner of live kini . ' - ilimi , _ and that such should he tho ease can excite but little wonder , after rendinv . ' tho two following statements . The first is from ihe S'i go Journal ;—We have had sin ? e our last publication very ; ariji > arrivals of Indian corn and ban-el flour int <> this port . There are large quantities in the hands of j > riv-ito spocu » lators . many of whom are persons who n ; ver did business iu the grain or flour trade before . In fait ihe ii-tnptalions to sperulnt " , Irom continually adv ., r . ei : > g prices , have been so great , that all th- capiial of this country lias been turned into that ch-nnsl . In this town at uvesent there urn not lot than 10 . 001 ) barrels ol Hour held
on speculation . «•! have also hem d from a jersou well ii-quainti d with tho country districts , that every comfortable farmer in this county ha * Lis uitire produce of - rain on ban : ! . We can hardly bu surpris ; d at famine prices , wlun such limirdin ,: tnk-s pl . iee . It is a i » reat consolation , however , to know lh . it the sj . ci-iili .-. t . r * will defeat tbeir cupidity by their own acts . A few wet ks over , and the tide will tuin . When the hoarding <> ' speculators , the grannri-s of fnrmets . thn resd-vid -. toe !; of the commissary ocpota , and the fortign im ; x > rt « of our merchants , shall be thrown on the market , ther- ; will be a reaction most favourable to the distressed poor , though very unpleasant to speculators . Grain lias advanced in price hero this week—oats being ot * . to lios . per 2 t stone ; oatmeal , 22 s . to 24 s , a hundred . Indian meal in market , £ 18 per ton ; in some places it is sold for £ 10 . The second is from the li ' ulnteath f . idepmdent ; —
The price of bread is still incrcasine , while we are in . formed that corn is falling , and that vast importations aro daily arriving in the English markets , and b . ing reshipp . nl to this country , yet we feel not the i liVct . Dro-. d is now charged 3 d . per pound : the bakers throw the blame on the millers , the millers ou thu !' i \» tor , the fac . b > r on the importer and farmer , and between them the public is mulcted . Thu bakers say , " Give us llour elinap , and you shall have bread at a proportionate pi ice . " The miller Complains of the hieii price of corn —su that the only cource from which wo car , trace Ihe evil is the extortionate monopoly of the corn ileahrr , ¦ lid for this ev'l there does not « t present appear a remedy ; Lord John Kussell will not interfere , ami under * specie * of political economy , the iivcrpo . l capitalist is allowed to increase his hoard and fatten upon the uiiscriet of a furnishing people . It is inexplicable to us how a 111 itis'i Minister can govern by such policy ; how a people can bear up nuainst such privations . ATTF . MPT AT MUU 1 MIR IX S . M 1 TU TIVPKUMil . A litter from Ntmajdi savs : —
Once more the blood of the murdered man cries to Heaven for vengeance—yes , tbe reign of v-rrnr is -iVirottd , and as usual , the bloody assassin stalks about unmolesttd—yes . and armed to the teeth , without the k-ast fear of beinj prosecuted ; somueh for the liberty to arm ttwmselves . The victim in tbis iii » tnnca was a man of the most upright character , who iilicd the situation of pnic . ss server for some years , and had g .-iiiitd the good will of all who knew him ; ant for this , and this alone , he fill n victim to the deadly bullets of th .: curs . nl Tipperary hired assassins . The facts of the ca .-e are as follows : —As Mr . Jeoffiey Donohou was prociedi ; r , ' from Xetingh to Ii . dliu » clough , where be lived , within two miles distance ot Neiiagh , and within 100 yards of his
own bouse , two men passed him . One of them said , 'God save you , ' as they passed ; Donohoe turned round , and on-j of them hud a pist -i presented at bis back , and before he bad time to utter a word , lodged Uie contents ( two slu , ' .-J in bis left mi ' c , mid ( hen d . camped , cou .- >« 'iousthat they ban done their ' duty . ' Poor Donohoe slill lingers In great piiii , but every uiuuicnr he is eap . cted to be relieved by death . He has eight childun to bemoan tbe untimely fate of one ofthe best of father-. Ail society must be put a stop to if this state of things is allowed to precced . Every servant boy has his own arms , and his percussion caps in his pocket , ever ready for the bad wotU . It was on Saturday evening , between four and live o ' clock , this horrible attempt at murder was committed .
riinn mors in Dnnpumu . ThoDroijheda Argm contains the lolkwirp : — " We i \ i ; ret to find that ( uitraqes and attacks ou tho bakers' bread carts and baskets arc uecomiDi : frequent in Drojihcda . Theconstabulary force here are almost fatigued to death with extra duty as escorts tn the In ead , fLiur , and other provisions Ic .-ivini ; town . It is absolutely necessary that a troop or two i f drauoon * should be statiwed here topret-et pn petty leavim , 'tho town ; and we fear it ' the evil hie eases , it will he imperative on the autkoutios tosiwear in the respectable householders as special constables . ' * roon moTs .
Dniux , Jan . 9 . —The paradini ; of famine mobs , and attacks upon bakers shops have eor . vm need even wi Dublin . On yesterday mnriiimr , between seven and eTiiht o ' clock , a uuuilur of able-bodied uieti , evidently from the rural dis' . ricts , amounting to between 40 and 50 in number , came in a body down Great Britain Street . They surriiiimh'd n bread cave hclonoimjto Mr . Walsh " , baker , of No . 3 , Dorset Strict , and at once commenced rifline its contents . In spite of the resistance of the driver , they succeeded in takinjr away forcibly twenty loaves of bread and about a dozen rolls , value nbiuit 10 s . or lis . They then went oil ' , some devonrim ; the bread with eviilvnt voracity .
Afterwards , between one and two o ' clock , a body of twelve peasants assembled in Marlb rim-h Mnet , in front of the houses of provision dc-i ' ers .-ind demanded bread . The men were relieved at < . aeh place , and somo gentlemen passing by nt i !; ,-ti .-e , uavo them some money . They proceeded down Mar ooiosmh Street to Eden Quay , and ajwn sti ^ e -i-il bo ' o ; o tho poor of Mr . L ' oyi . e , the bread .-imi l » : si-i :: t bi' .-r residing there , and repented their dima ' -. l f . u- l-ri-ml ; but < n seeinj , ' the police apprvaehi-.-s ; tln-y r . tired , and passed over Carlisle Urid . v > n tte divo-iion ot " Westmoreland Street . A mob surrounded the shop et " Mr . Jel ' t-vs , b « kcr , of Church Street , but the po'itv h-iti' , ' i : i th . ' vicinity , they wevo called on , and sueeu ' tivd in eisyetv . t ' . e ; the moo .
Several bread carts were stop ; ed in the outlets of if the city , and their coir out s '• • ken . Owinj ; to th'J early hour and th" mexpoctedcuss' -f f ihu outbreak , they went enabled t-i can-yon llieirir depredations without let or hindrance . The rioTi-ra ; " 3 bad the appearance nf country people . ni : il ' rai : i » - IroUl . 11 the northern cutlets ot tho ci'y . Vi'li ^ n tli .-y hud id reached Abbey . Strict iw » poJie : men inrer !» :. Ml , and id endeavoured In dispvisethu crowd , lu : i wi-jhniit anyiy effect , several men ixelaim ' uvj ; Unit they hud been !" , withoutli ) i ) d 21 hours , amiili .-Hbientl : ' eyslpuld have . o . They then marched in " cIiim ! order" towards Mai-v ' u ' a , Abbey , where there arc great iiiinibcis . i > f jnovisionon . and cook-shops .
'Ihe corriv . umileiit of the Times sn \ i , the noters . > rsi continued their depi-edntini-. Min to lUcVlnck at night , it ,, andowim : either to t u : imqiinlity nf > -.: iimhi ' -rs or waiit . nti of energy iu the pui'ivsuce . cktl iv . ;¦' ..-.. ndn iir . ¦> ^ reafratt number of bal . eriis iu tho m-ii ; ba . uirliooii 'f t ! i « ho 3 Liberty ns well as in the ntiribeiM , ends of the city . ty .. So formidable had thy appem ante-nf the mohheuniiomi )) towards evening that the iuhr-wtants of "Sidhnlaslaaa . Street , Thomas Street , and ch . e streets adjaeeiit . iit ,, closed their simps and suspended business by the ad-ad .. vice of the police authorities .. In 1 ' atricU Street t hotacc orowd-enmo into collision wish the constaUlary , thethee
result of which was that two of tho latter were beateAeiii , one , it is said , verv severely . Tho alarm treat : d h ) by ) the outbreak was consiikvably heie , hte » ed by a reporiiorin that some of the ringleaders were possessed ot hvchvcj arms : and on making inquiry ol spectators oi 1 hit km riots the statement was repeated in the most positiviiw terms , althounh it is , not alleged that there vtiwaiiain disposition evinced to put them into use , and it lit ii thought they wore displayed solely to intimidate sucsuc : as mis ht feci disposed to resist their demands . ThfThiii morning ( Saturday ) , sit an early hour , tho work < 1 t « plunder commenced afresh , and several bakers' shojho ^
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Jan. 16, 1847, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_16011847/page/7/
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