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^0, A LLEGEDilURDER GREEN WiUii. TRIAL O...
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Bankrupt- * , Set*
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BANKRUPTS. Joseph Fear-nicy, Windsor ter...
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iui Lo.\j>-jn Corr-EK am> EATiFG-IIocsE-KfiKK-its Association.—The annual dinner on behalf of this 4- 1 1 1. «1 .!•«._ -
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um- anu pnnaninropic institution took pl...
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M E ETING AT PLYMOUTH AGAINST THE IRISH ...
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GLASGOW. Da. Donnelly versus the " Green...
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New Zealand.—A parliamentary return, of conquerable importance, relative to the ailairs of New «_..! 1 J» I ' .1 .1,.K..„..„.! Tl- „r..,r.;.t.,. .,4* nnnlnr. ,.l* .,
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correspondence which took place last aut...
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tfurfgit ftitelliffljeito^ AT to 16. 1S46. . THE NORTHERN STAR. 7 - 1 * ' - ' ¦ I ¦ I f -'.l , I, ' . ¦*¦ ¦¦•*¦ . ¦ *• •*«" . . . - * __ . •' ;,
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THE OREGON QUESTION, IMPORTANT NEWS FROM...
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PoMsiiMBNr of Duatii in* Ami-mica. — Acc...
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Novel Wat of CiKCUi.ATi. -iu .Njnre.—Thc...
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AMERICAN 'WORKING-MEN'S MOVEMENT. EMANCI...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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^0, A Llegedilurder Green Wiuii. Trial O...
^ 0 , A LLEGEDilURDER GREEN WiUii . TRIAL OF THE K ICHARDSONS . CENTRAL CRIMINAL COURT—Wednesday . This mornjug , William . Richardson , aged 49 , desrtibea as an asiroiiomer , slid Anne Alaris , Richardcon , aged 22 , splnOer , were placed at the bar fr . plead io theia ^ ietffi £ -ntiound asamst them at the Man * , session , tar murder- TiieJiiuictmeutal . e ^ d that UKprisoners Moniouslv afiinimsierwi to am-aic cMdi-i tender ? .-e . to wit . cighi da \ s old , a certain quantity oi dcadit- passu called aisciiie , and that they dm { hereby hill and minder the said child . Thepri & oners pleaded not gnii ' V .
At ten o ' cleoi ; , Lmd Chiet Justice Jknman arm Jlr . Baron Asdfisen emend the Court , and Ilkprisoners were then again p : a- ed at the oar , and ihe ;> werckiven in eln-rge ts the J my . Mr . Bcdkiii , Mr . lluddlettuue , and Mr . Clark appeared for die Ci-own ; Mr . Clark-son and j . lr . 15 allautiiic defended the prisoners . Mr . Bcdliiu addrcsseu the Jury , and said that having heard fwm the reading of the indictment the jiatnre of the ciiM ^ e that was made a-iainst the pi isoiicis , it became his duty to deiail to ilicm the circ tmisianccs npon which they would have to decide -jl > e awful questiou of the « uiit ov iuuuctnce v . f tlu prisoners at the bar . The < ase was one almost withou t parallel . The prisoners net only sioi . d in thc relative position of father and daughter ; charged with
the murder ol an heip ' t - ' ss infant , but thai infant , there was no douh' ., was thiir own ofisprins , and the result of an incestuous intercourse between them . He stated this to them btcause he was aware thai ii was iuipGs ^ 'liiu for them not lo Lave become acquainted with incise * , fruin oliier sources , and as lit felt that suclt a cirt-uinatance must Und to creak * horror in every well-regulated mind , he had to entreat thca not t © allow the prejudice that would ihus naiunuly be created to weigh unfairly ataitist the -prt-scnet-s ; but thai Ik ihe decision ihey should ev » .-ii tually eorae to th .-y would he « uided Solely by lin evidence that would be adduced in support of the specific charge no . v made against ihein . The Leari-ed Counsel then proceeded fci narrate the facta in support , of the vhnrae , and the following wlmcsii *** were examined -, —•
Charles l'carce deposed , that he is a labourer in ihe employ of a bmklayer , at Greenwich , aud on lhe 22 ud of January last ; , he was ei-gaged in digging for a cesspool hi thc gai den of the male prisoi-t-i- % louse at Greenwich , acd while so en ; . aged found a coffin which contained the dead body of au infant . John liiscoek , the employer of the last witness , proved that he took charge of thc coffin and the dea . i body , ai . d aiterwaids handed them over to the police . Air . Thomas Oak Mitchell deposed , that he is a snrseon at Greenwich , and he fir * t saw the body oi tlnfdeeeased en . tiie 2 Stl of January . The next " dm
he niaue a more minute examination , which induced him to remove the contents of thc- abdomen , with n -view to tiicir xmdenjoing a minute chemical examination , and he afterivards . a-sistid by another nuiiica ? genticman , applied tests to the liquid he so tejnoved , in order to endeavour to ascertain the existetci ; of poison . The results of that exaniinaiioi . were Jiot very saiisfeeiorj- loluin , but . heeoi . jcetcrid tie existence of arsenic in ihe sloniati } , and in couse ^ iieuce uf this the rtniaiKii-g contents of the stomach were given to Dr . Leeson , to undergo further analysis .
Mr . Ileinsch , the assistant chemical lecturer ai St . Th -mas ' s ilospiisi , proved the receipt of" the jar containing the contents of th « sU . mae : ; antl p ' M- - tions of the body of an infant from ilte fast witmss and that he was present a ; , d assisted i ) r . Li-i-sun in niakiug certain experiments upon thera with a view to ascertain whs-thcr any poison existed . The witness gave a minute tec-unseal detail of tlie experiments resorted to by himself and Dr . Le ** sou , an-. ; expressed an osinir-n that nothing but arsenic co * -ld lave produced all the results to which he had alluded , and ia his opinion the quantity uiscovereu was iVur grains and one-tenth , buthetauld not undertake to say that this was sufneieut to have desm-ytd the life of a child .
Dr . Leeson was next rximined . He conSrmed the opinion givtn by the las-, witness and also stated that lie had hini-= elf liuade other experiments , with ihe same object , aud the nitiniatc result was , thai , tie had no doubt wliatever that ths body contained arsenic , and that the quality was at least loar graivs and one-tenth , -winch , he aiso said , was quite saHicieni to cause the death ofa ehiid . Dr . Leeson went on in say , that if arsenic were aikninistertd to an inlaw , it would probably first cause great pain in tlu stomach , then a redness and soreness in the throat , and there would also probabl y be blisters u on tintongue and throat , and the usual result ofiiuhuuniittion in the stomach , sreat thirst , & x .
By 3 dr . Clarkson—very great care and attention were necessary iu thc experiments made , with a view to ascertain the existence of puisoa , iiiu s-. nae iesti formerly relied upon wcicnow rejected as faiheiuus . He should tiot i hini-clf , reij upon any one individual test , but thc result o : the whcle of his experimentsat ^ ficd iiijji to a certain , vof the existence of arsenic
in iiu ^ ca = c . Eliziibetli Rt-yiiolds deposed , that ihe resided with her husband , in West * n-otrc-et , il-rnionciey . On the 12 th of September , he male prisoner came to her Loose , and engaged the front room on thc first floor , sayiiig tbat it was for itis dau-jl-ttr , who was near her c-3 iiJina . ; ent , and he wished her to be comfortable . On the 1-fch he cauie agaiu , accompanied by kis wife , and ou this occasion he said that the name of his daughter was Mrs . ilobinson . On the foliowing day ihe female \» rhoner was urenght to tlie house by her father and tuothar , who left her thtre . On the Wednesday the uiaie prisoner caue to the liouse ah .-m , and at this tisit his daughter was in bed , nnd she had been delivered ofa child the same nio : n '; n » .
Thc child appeared to be perfectly- iic-alti-v , and v . -: , fed as children generally are with rusks , and tops and bottoms . On the Wednesday Mlosing the day oa which it was born , the child first bec-me i-niTeL . The uiaie prisoner l-ad come to s « . e his daughlcr nhont fear o ' clock in the afternoon of that day , and Up ti that time tlie child appeared quite well , and iiotto have any ailment whatever . The prisoner went up lo his daughter ' s room where she was lyini-, in bed , and witness was occasionally in and out of the room , leaving him alone with Ids daughter , and they had tea together about five o ' clock . Between four and fire o ' clock witness was out of thc roiin more thankaSf an hour at one time . Abiut eight or nine o eioek the same night , the child was taken with violent seteamin * :. This was about half au
hoar EiTter tlie male prisoner hud left the huute . The ehiid seated to bo in sreat pain , aud sereaa-ed till it had » o power io-scwaon any longer . It continued in this state all night , aud a medical gentleman , named Wood , saw it , and he sent seme - powders far It , one oi which she adiniuiste .-ed on the Friday , The mother of the female pris * vtzr came to thefi-iuseoa Friday , ard remained unil the child died , whkh was on the next diy . During the Thursday the cuiid pixsenttd tome ef the appearances of bavins the thrash , and after that it remained in a > xstc of stumor until its death . The feniale . prisoner wrote a letter to her father on thcfriday , and the next day , after tue child was dead , lie came to the house , and appeared to be very sum *
for the death ol the ehiid , and said that he shoulo tafce It isine to ( i * tx-iir . idi snd git it buried , as it would be less expense ; and the s ;; iue evening he brought a coffin to the house , and the body w ; 1 .-plartd in it , and it was then put in a bag , and Uie tw . i prisoners aud th .- mother took it away with than . Ikfi-rc the child died , the told the nnde pri ? one !* that it would b-j better to have ihe biith legistered , and the m * xt day he said it was allri ^ ht , and he nad had it regisKred . Ills daughter : tskc « . him in what name ? and lie reL-lied , " Theod-. re HoratlO . " The child ' s food was generally kept in a tea-cup in the same roum occupied by thc leim-le -pris 9 iier- When the prisoners were together they conversed a good deal in she French language .
Dr . "Woad depo-ed , that he saw tiw ciuid on the 25 vh , and he observed that the eyes were very muvh IniLnneij , as was also the mucous jRembraue of the thf * - « lt . He considered it was suftering Irom thrush , and he seat some po wd ? is for it . lie did not seitho cliild until the day after it was first a tacked . When he was informed of the death of the child , he tsrtiSc-d the cause of its death to iK . m'irasmus ov wasting away of the vital powers , lie did so beeauscthe child appeared to him to be indisposed ana to waste- awav irtm its birth .
Tht-inas Jones , a ' aboarer , resiuing at Greenwich , piovt-dthat in the month of September he wi * si * i the jnaie prisouei ' s employ , and used to work at his house on Royal-kill ; aud he remembered on a'fhursday in thatiiior-tii the prisoner ortlcred Mm to dig a lioie in the garden , and he did so , aud showed it tu the prisowa * , vho said it wouid do very well . Oi : the tuilowing Saturday he saw the prisoner come home with a 5-u . ndle under his arm , but he could not say what was iu the bundle . Mr . William Shu-ton deposed that he is a surgeon , residing at Greenwich . Jn June last he attended up n the female prisoner , aud asce rtalntd that she was then pregnant . Iu the mo ; th of October he attended upon the inaie prisoner , who at that rime told him his dauj-itter had had A ehiid iihd that he was the father . He added , that society would view it as a great lm-ral crime , and lie was afraid he di-iu ' . d lose uis siuva tion . lie likewise stated that thc child was dead .
Cros- ^ -exauiined—lie appcai * ed very much depressed , and seemed to be under great apprehension of poverty , ami said he should die iu the workl 0 ' , i : - * 2-JJy * the Court—He was very ill from ulcerated sore throat and fever , and for a day or two hi- * life was in danger , ills i ' " c I ' rai- informed witness of the latt of the connexion that existed between the prisoner and iiis dajj ^ liier , bat rttjueited him not to allude lo it t « Li ; a . Jcs' -ua Edward Kearfcy , apprentiecto Mr . Riches , a eWmist at GrccntTich , proved that m August l-. si he had some conversation with the ma : e prisoner about p & om-, and lie showed him a bottle that « mtaweA arteme . The jinsoner said , Ob , that is fi . - tCjlk is V < Witness said it -was . iheprisojier
^0, A Llegedilurder Green Wiuii. Trial O...
then asked how much it would take to kill any one , and he told him a very small quantity . About a week alter thc 12 th of September he saw tho prisoner again iu tiie shop of his employer , and he saw Mr . Riches give the prisoner a packet which contained arsenic , and he at the time saw him write something upon 'Ji ^ paper . Mr . Cross , the registrar of birth .:. , deaths , and mar-. -iagt * . * , for the Weston-sireel district , - proved that there was no entry upon his veoister either of the lurtU or death of ThcQdore Horatio Richardson , and he never beard of any application to make such an entry . George Wilson , a police sergeant ,. deposed that he apprehended the female prisoner on the 23 rd of January , upvn the charge of concealing the birth of her child . She th en s » id that she was delivercd-oi' a
c-hikl at . Mrs . Reynolds ' s , in Wesfon- ; slreet , Southward en the 15 th of September , and that it died ten days afterwards . lie asked her if she had a certificate of the death , and the replied she had not , but fcise believed her father had . Ho asked her what became of the child , and she told him her father toc-k it away with him in a coliin and buried it . She likewise said it was her father ' s own child , and that lie was the father of it . She added , th-it she was imser . t when her father burh-d it , and that one ot his labourers had dua the hole but she did no * think
, be was aware what it was for , as it was no * dug like a awve . Siic then told him that her father was at PockHngton . in Yori-shire , and he proectded to that i-Jaee <> u the 25 th of January , and ajiprelicnaed him . Ufl asked to sec the warrant , and , on hndiiig that he was mcielv charged with secretly burying the body with a view to conceal the birth ol thc child , he said , rhat cou-d not be . for a medical gentleman and a nu-se were engaged . He then wished to kr-. o-. v wheiher there was any other charge ngninst mm , a -d witni ss told him there was none that he was
aware of . . ,,, ' , Mr . John Drake Finch , the principal clerk at the Greenwich Police Court , produced the statements made by the prisoners while under examination l ) L-f « re the magistrate . The different . statements were then put in asd read . The female prisoner made the following statement : — "I am sorry for what I have done ; my father COniptl'cd me to do what 1 have done—to give wav to him , I mean ; I mean as to the connection . I knew the object of my being taken to Wei-ton-street to be confined . I will let it pass by what he has dune to me . I went once to Mr . Entlish for protection . I was afraid my father was going to do something to me .
"The male prisoner said , " I wish to speak the truth hi . wcvermncii the awful circumstances are against me . I never wished to conceal the birth or death of the child . I could have had it buried in London for a few shillings much more secretly . My desire ww not to have thc remains of the child disturbed . In June last my daughter was unwell , and Mr . Sturton was engaged to attend " her . I went away , and when I returned I found she was pregnant , and I withheld any medicine that would tend to procure abortion . There was nocr . nccalinent . 1 engaged aIIUTSC and a doctor . On the loth Itook my daughter to thc apartment 1 had provided for her , am ! I returned home . On the 17 th I heard that the child was born . T belie ~ e I went unto see my daughter . On the -5 th
1 went to the house to look after the ckiM , and it d ? ed on the 27 ; h , in the morning . Iwent and got a coffin made , and expressed my anxiety about the child . Every attention was paid to it , audi brought it to Greenwich by the railway . " The male - 'risoner subsequently made the following additicF .-ii statement : — " I have never done anything to contribute " to the decease , or cause the death of the child , and God knows it . My sole care was to preserve the child . I declare before God and this pc- pie that I never saw the ' article , or bought any arsenic . The only thing that caused mc to bury the child in my own srrnund , was , that it should not be disturbed . I micht have eluded this inquiry . AH my children and my wife know that I have ever mourned the death of the child . "
Amelia Richardson was then called and sworn , and in answer to a question put to her by M ** . Clark , she - * aid that she was 17 years of age , and the male prisoner was her father . - By Mv . "Ballantine — She remembered the niirht In which her father brought home the eorHn . It was on Saturday , the 27 th of September . A hole was dug in a corner sf the garden on the following Thursday , and the b ^ -dy was buried on the Friday night , and witness held a light when it was placed in the hole by herfather . By Mr . Hu < ldlc-ston—She could not speak positively to tlie dnr on which tlie body was buried . By the Lord Chief Justice—She was quite sure the hole was dug after the tody was bronuht home . Mr . Clarke said , this was the case for the prosecution .
Mr . CJarkson submitted to theCourt thai there was no evidence against the female prisoner to call noon her for a < lefr «< -f . The Lord Chief Jm-tice . after consulting with Mr . Baron Aidcrson . said he did not think there was any evidence to show ihat the female prisoner had any share in causing thc death of her infant . Mr . ¦ Jlavksnn then addressed thc Jury for the def ' . * 5 * ce , contending as he proceoded . ' that there was not only no distinct proof that the child died of poison . it all , but that there was also an absence of anything like direct evidence that the prisoner had ever purchased poison , or that he had administered it to the dc-e-ised . _ The Lord Chief Justice summed up the evidence . The Jury retired at a quartar to seven o ' clock , and returned ilito Court at a quarter past eight , finding a Verdict of Not Guilty .
Bankrupt- * , Set*
Bankrupt- * , Set *
Bankrupts. Joseph Fear-Nicy, Windsor Ter...
BANKRUPTS . Joseph Fear-nicy , Windsor terrace , City-road , worsted stuff manufacturer . Nathaniel Levy , Butcher-row , Aidgate , carcase butcher . . John Green , Yarmouth , Xorfolk , cor . I merchant . Charles Culled-je Barley , W ' sbeach St . Peter's , Cnnuiridseslih-e , grocer . Brookes Hugli Enllock , Xicnolas-lane , City- ™ e merchant . Charles M'Kiimell , Feiiehurcli-street , * City , wine -merchant . Robert Heara , Doddingti . n-sro * ' -e , Kcnnington , commission agent . "William Wells and John Clastou , Victoria-wharf , Uanksidc , Soatliwark , t-o : d mereliauts . Frederick Savery , llillingdon . jliddicseN , baker . Charles Frederick Came and
Maurice TtlO , Liverpool , merchants . Geoj-jre Whitfield , Nottingham , lemonade manufacturer . Itichard bees , ¦ Wol verhampton . Staffordshire , ironmonger . John Andrews , ITufMersneld , Yorkshire , commission agent . Samuel Brear Sowden . Leeds , share-broker . John Macon , York . carjienter-EIVilliam Bad ? er . Hotlierhani , Yorkshire , bout ill . d Shoe maker . Edward I . Hilej-iiiid Aaron I . ii-le . v , Sheffield , sheepshears manufacturers . Thomas Hartley and Kobert Ingham . Leeds , stoek brokers . Thomas Uo-rers , Bradford , Yorkshire , surgeon dentist . John Vilnvit , Lenton , Nottinghamshire , coach proprietor , . T .. I 111 Page , Walsall , Staffordshire iron dealer . William FuX and James Fox , ^ laneuester , oilmen .
DIVIDENDS . June 3 . B . Garland . . Walhani-graen , Middlesex , corn i-h .-iiidler , at eleven , at the Court of . Bankruptcy , Loudon —June 11 . 3 ) . Mark .-, Iloundsditeh . pen manufacturer , at one . at the Court of Banki-Kptcy , London— . Tune - 2 . A . II . Chamber ** , sen ., and A . II , Chamber .-:, jun ., Sew Bond strci-t , Bankers , at two , at the Court ot * Bankruptcy . Lyndon—June li ' , •'• lladbnue , Alcestcr , Warwickshire , broker , at eleven , at tlie Court of Bankruptcy , Binning-Iij-ui— June 1 G , C . Harrington , Kidderminster , plumber , at eleven , attlie Court of Baufcrt-pU-v , ninniii ^ hani—June in , s . llo-jcers . Dale-hall , Staffordshire , earthenware nianufacturef , at eleven , at thc Court of Bankruptcy , Birmingham .
CEETIFICATES . . fniie 5 . J . Seholefield , Cheajiside , cutler , at eleven , at tlie Court of Bank- , uj-tcy , London—June 3 . W . Kearton , Lamh-street , Spital-fquKi-e , chec-sein ngcr . at eleven , at tlie Court of Bankruptcy , London— . lunc 3 . G . IS . Barj ., Londiin , ship broker , at eleven , at tlie Court of B-. mkl-. iiitcy , London—June 2 . M . Jones . Tlieobald ' sroad , p-oeer , at eleven , at the Court of Bankrujitcy , London—June-l , . 1 . ? lui-t . "Kroad-sti-eet , I .-unbetli-I » utts , grocer , sit eleven , at the Court of Bankruptcy , London—June 4 . F . llerpent . Slienvad-street , Golden-square , wareljoiisetnaii , at half past twelve , : it the Court of Banki-uptey , London —June 5 . V . Crispin , Bristol , carpenter , at half-past eleves , at the Court 01 Bankruptcy , Bristol—June 2 . S . Vei tne , Liverpool , merchant , at clcv .-i ; , at thc Court of Iiankrnptcy , Liveqmol—June - * > . G . Wjili .-mig , Bristol , v .. -: tehniakcr , at eleven , at the Court uf Bankruptcy , Uris-I .. 1—June - ! . T . aud It . Knight , Bath , upholsterers , at .. ue . at tlie Court of Bankruptcy , Bristol .
rasxKEKsnirs . E . heed and Co . Liverjiool , milliners—C . L . Brocklehiiriit and Co ., Hohufirth , Yorkshire , linen drajnis , as far as regards C . L . IJiv . eklchurst—J . Darby and Jt . Oarland , Wo-ii-strcet , Cheajiside , warehousemen—It . F . ' - «»»•? and W . II . Jol ' . Limcliouse . saw mill owners— -T . W . II Smart and E . C . 71 x 11 , Cramborne , Dorsetshire , sur-• reous— ~ \ V . Simjisoii and G . Boyes , York , stockbrokers—1 ' . - . Hid J . I-rotlieiMe , ilristul , coopers—f . Jiuftani and B . Wei-tawav , CitV-road , tailors—B . and II . J . Bellingham , Straud , chemists—T . II . lladfield and T . Bailey , Bartonui-oa-lrwcll , Laneasliire silk dvers—G . Crego-. y and Co ., Fishertou An-xer , - iViltshire , millers—J . Waison and r . Buck
Jacks . ni , U-eiis , miilei-s—G . Bio ? -, ' and L . Samuel , k-i > i . ury— , 1 . lU-ddin and F . l ' lukinsoii , jun ., Leeds , sliarebrokere—J . Lonuix and S . Kay , Hall-fold , Laiieashhv . cotton spimiers—T . Bull and W . Nash , ifiliories , provision merchants—G . Jones ami J . Walker , Birmingham , iroiifounders— . 1 . and II . E . Houcher , Bii-lilillgliani , dr-ipi-is—K . A . and J . Seuell , Fore-sticet , CWpI'lega te , toy merchants— "W . and J . Wilson , New Bond-street , linen drapers—J . . Smith and J . W . Browne , Swindon , Wiltshire , attorneys—G . W . Watkius and G . Gaundry , OsfunLstrttt , 'dl w « vel "< iu « emeu—C . Adsliead and J . Gonubami , Leicester , comiuissioii a-jents—J . l > ale and Co ., tJIasg-jw , Mine merchants—Kirkaldy and London Shipp ing ConijiaiiV .
SCOTCH SEQCEST 1 UTI 0 XS . Archibald Cooper , jun ., Glasgow , salesman , May IS and June K , at t . vclv-, :-t the olliee of Ml' . Young , writ ' . *!" fii : iSgow— George t ' iindcrsori , fi . Hngton , Gl ; ' * goW . baker , May is aud June S . : ; t two , at the chambers of Mr . Kohcr tson , solicitor , IMiidiurgh .
Iui Lo.\J≫-Jn Corr-Ek Am≫ Eatifg-Iiocse-Kfikk-Its Association.—The Annual Dinner On Behalf Of This 4- 1 1 1. «1 .!•«._ -
iui Lo . \ j > -jn Corr-EK am > EATiFG-IIocsE-KfiKK-its Association . —The annual dinner on behalf of this 4- 1 1 1 . « 1 . !•« . _ -
Um- Anu Pnnaninropic Institution Took Pl...
um- anu pnnaninropic institution took place on TueMtoy evening in the Freemasons' Tavern . Vov * Aids - < if 300 gentlemen sat down to nn excellent and s-ibstanual dinner , under the presidency of General Sir De Lacy hvans , JI . P , Bhacki * Up . —A western editor , spc-ikin" of the On- gaii question , says— '' It v . * must have a war , let us he fmmd ereci—in a posturcofdcfer . ee—and at kssi with our national pantaloons braced up . "
M E Eting At Plymouth Against The Irish ...
M E ETING AT PLYMOUTH AGAINST THE IRISH COERCION BILL . Oh Wednesday evening a public meeting called by the Chartists was held at the Mechanics * Inititute , Princes-square , for the purpose or petition ing Parliament against the enactment of the Irish Coercion
Bil ! - Mr- S tmoxs , a mason , was called to the chair . He stated the object for which the meeting hud been convened , liailicly , to p rtition the Legislature against tiie enactment of what he regarded a very cruel and unjust measure with respect to Ireland . The provisions of the Coercion Bill , to consider which they had met ) were of an arbitrary and tyrannical character ; such as Englishmen oudit not to see imposed either upon their Scotch , Welsh , or Irish brethren . It was that thev svmsiathized with their Irish brethren that led to the holding of ihe meeting . The workim * - men had ,
before issuing a notice calling thc present meetim ? waited upon some of the gentry and shopkeepers of tho town to ask them to cet up a mcetiiic ; , for the purpose of opposing the passing into a law of this iniquitous Bill ; but these parties declining to call such meeting , a-. nl no other parties coming forward to do S 9 , they had felt that there was no . alternative but to got up a meeting themselves , or neglect their duty in respect to their brethren across the Channel at a moment when , of all others , they were most deserving of sympathy . The chairman made some observations on the bill , ami concluded by calling upon Mr . O'Brien .
_ Mr . O'Briex , a schoolmaster , and who was at one time secretary to the late Win . Cobbett , addressed the meeting at considerable length . He contended coercive measures would most inevitably fail in producing any beneficial effect in Ireland , it had so failed with respect to secret societies and other associations which it had been attempted to put down with a strong arm , but which had increased the more , in spite of the inteference of the law .- ( Hear . ) His experience as an Irishman , and as one who , ill travelling through the country With thc late Mr . Cobbott for the purpose , of inquiring into the state of the people , taught him that if this Bill were to pass into a law , it would utterly fail of effecting any good , but on the contrary , lead to an increase of those very Crimes of assassination and murder , against whicli its pmvisions were more particularl y directed . Tlio great evil afflicting Ireland was the mode in which the land was managed . The speaker was of opinion
that improved modes of holding land , and improved cultivation , would do more to satisfy the Irish ; people than any mere legislative enactments . As sin Irishman , he implored Englishmen to sympathise with his country , and assist his countrymen to resist the imposition of the tyrannical Bill now before Parliament . In the course of his remarks thc speaker said , that when he accompanied Mr . Cobbett to Ireland , that gcutlcinau went there with the view of collecting informatinn for writing a book , to be entitled " Ireland ' s Woes and Hopes , ' and which he had not completed when he died . Mr . O'Brien concluded by moving , ** That this meetin-r views with feelings of stern disapprobation the attempt ! made by her Majesty ' s Ministers to pass ] the Coercion Bill for Ireland , as being a flagrant violation of the privileges of the subject , and as not being * it all calculated to redress outrages , or to eradicate the injustice of which the people complain . " This being seconded ,
The Rev . Mr . Aldiucii , a clergyman of the Established Church , supported it in an eloquent speech , in which the Bill in question was said to be of a nature so tyrannical that ifc would scarcely be borne with in Poland or Russia . Air . UoBEiiTso . v moved the adoption of a petition to Parliament . Which was seconded by Mr . Trcmayne , and carried unanimously . Mr . O'Briks proposed a vote of thanks to thc Chairman , he at thc same time begged to return , on the part of his country , his sincere and heartfelt thanks for the deep interest manifested by that meeting in her behalf . Thc last expression was cheered with loud cries of " We do feel interested for her . Tlie vote of thanks to the chairman was carried unanimously , after which a working man whose name was not given , bore honorable testimony to the patience of the Irish under their afflictions , and showed thc utter uselessness of the means about to be enforced for creating peace amongst them .
Glasgow. Da. Donnelly Versus The " Green...
GLASGOW . Da . Donnelly versus the " Greenock Aevkk-TisiiK . "—On Tuesday week there was decided here before thc Lord Justice Clerk , and a middle class jury , theiong pending libel case of Dr . F . } ll . Donnelly , against the Greenock Advertiser . So long back as JSWeniber , lS-t . 3 , the doctor was cilled on about midnight to visit some dying stranger iu an ordinary Judging liomc , but before the doctor arrived , the man died , aud because the usual fee was charged and paid , out comes a paragraph in the Advertiser , describing the occurrence so as to lend the public to believe , that the doctor had with , his own hand pictoZ the dead man s pocket . ' For several years previously the doctor had submitted to a sericsof malignant attaeksfromthisjournal ; and the only assi . nabic reason
for its shauifcless ahuso was , that the doctor was a native of poor ruined Ireland , and felt for her wrongs . O 11 the appear-tnee of the said paragraph , however , he came to thc resolution of calling the libellers 0 ! the Advertiser to ou account for their infamous conduct . Tills he did by bringing them iuto court , and v-laimsd jEoOO damages . In the coui'su of the trial it transpired that the parties more immediately connected with the Advertiser were not wholly to blame in gettiiig ' up the base falsehood , for which its supposed proprietors were about to bs trounced . Itappeared that a , batch of certain sneaking petty tyrants , who pull the wires behind the screen in the notorious Greenock police office and the anti-chambers connected therewith , concocted the lie , for which , after paving all < -x *; enees , tiiey musD baud the doctor one hundred pounds sterling .
New Zealand.—A Parliamentary Return, Of Conquerable Importance, Relative To The Ailairs Of New «_..! 1 J» I ' .1 .1,.K..„..„.! Tl- „R..,R.;.T.,. .,4* Nnnlnr. ,.L* .,
New Zealand . —A parliamentary return , of conquerable importance , relative to the ailairs of New «_ .. ! 1 J » I ' . 1 . 1 ,. K .. „ .. „ . ! Tl- „ r .., r . ; . t .,. ., 4 * nnnlnr . ,. l * .,
Correspondence Which Took Place Last Aut...
correspondence which took place last autumn , between Lord Stanley and Mr . G . F . Young , chairman of the New Zealand Company , respecting an a-iplication made by the company for a government loan of ; £ 150 , OOO , to enable ifc to carry out tho views for which ii was formed . Lord Stanley agrees to recommend to parliament that it should grant the is ' ew Zealand Company a loan of £ 100 , 000 , subject to certain conditions , and thc company , though greatly disappointed . at not receiving the full amount for which it applied , agrees to accept the preferred -tlOO . dOO on the terms which Lord Stanley , as colonial secretary , proposes . The New Zealand Company f eels the strongest conviction , tbat . the loan it has obtained will go far to restore prosperity to the colony .
Tnn Gaurisox of Sydset . —Considerable , excitement prevailed in this city yesterday morning , by a report that thc soldiers of the garrison had refused to obey orders , and had knocked oft' duty . The rumour turned out to be partially true . Seine time ago , a general order was received here , alhring the regulations under which the troops are rationed , and discontinuing the allowance of grcg . These regulations it WHS attempted to be put in force yesterday morning , but the men turned out of their quarters en masse , about half-past eight o ' clock , heaviag nwny their bread into ihe barrack-yard , and refusing to do duty . The gates of the barracks aw o ' osed throughout the day , and his Excellency the Commander of the Forces , with his stall ' , went down at an early hour to endeavour to re .-all the men to obedience . During the dsy , however , an arrangement was made , under which thc grog allowance was to be continued , and the troops then returned to their former discipline . — Australian Journal , Dec . 2 , 1 SI 5 .
Exi'Cimox at Algiers . —An Arab , named Ah-Bcn-Amcuv , condemned to death by the council ot war for his complicity in an assassination perpetrated by a band to which he beloneed , expiated llis crime on ihe 23 .-d of April , at Blhialh Tho arrival of the culprit the preceding evening , between a double row of Gendarmes , had put the little town in quite a fermentation . The n-.-xt morning an immense crowd assc-mb'ed iu the Bois Sacre . At 9 _ o ' eioek the condemned was conducted to t- ; C plaee of execution . He set out from his prison with a bold , swaggering , and almost feverish step , but almost immediately relaxed the thinness of his behaviour , and muttered prayers t « Allah . Ill face of the ma ? S of French and Arab heads through which lie passed , as if into a furrow , which immediately closed upon him , lis appeared especially struck by the immense concourse of his cubelicvers . When thc sentence of the
court was read aloud to the multitude , he requested that his b : idy might be transmitted to his tribe . This last prayer being accepted , lie expressed a wish to ha executed quickly : he then knelt down , and turning his eyes towards the mountain of Mouzaia , his cradle , he continued to pray until the reverberation of the 12 musket shots which were lired to punish the assassination of tlie Zouave Sailvagna . The crowd then dispersed in silence , and the corpse of tho guilty Anib was carried to the MOM-iia . On the 2-ldi of April some travellers , wiio were crossing the Chiffa , were astonished to meet a horseman who carried before him a dead body riddled with balls . They learned , on enquiry , that this was the very Arab whose death we have been describing . Tlic horseman was his father , and was then carrying tlio corpse Ot his son to his own tribe , in order that funeral honour ** might be rendered to it , according to the Mahometan ceremonials . —Paris print .
Meeting at Sovtiumi-ton against Death Fusisiiisiiments . —On Saturday a public meeting was held at the Victoria-rooms , for the purpose of petitioning the l . egilatuieto adopt such measures as in their wisdom they may consider necessary fur the immediate and total abolition of punishment by death . The proceedings throughout were most enthusiastic and unanimous , and not a single dissentient voice being heard amid the numerous assemblage that was pre-• ent .
Tfurfgit Ftitelliffljeito^ At To 16. 1s46. . The Northern Star. 7 - 1 * ' - ' ¦ I ¦ I F -'.L , I, ' . ¦*¦ ¦¦•*¦ . ¦ *• •*«" . . . - * __ . •' ;,
tfurfgit ftitelliffljeito ^ AT to 16 . 1 S 46 . . THE NORTHERN STAR . 7 - * ' - ' ¦ I ¦ I f - ' . l , I , ' . ¦*¦ ¦¦•*¦ . ¦ *• •*« " . . . - * __ . ' ; ,
The Oregon Question, Important News From...
THE OREGON QUESTION , IMPORTANT NEWS FROM TIIE UNITED
STATKS . Liverpool , Tuesday , May 12 . — Important accounts trom Washington to the 21 st ult ., and from New York to the 23 rd . inclusive , have been received this day by the packet ship Liverpool , Captain Eldridj * e . We learn by these advices that the Oregon notice passed by the Senate had been amended by the llonsc of Representatives . Thc amended form was rejected by thc Senate , then insisted upon hy tho house , and , ultimately , committees of conference were appointed by tho two houses to compromise the dispute . The members of the Senate Committee were Mssjsrs . Berien , Hay ward , and Corwin ; those of tho House Messrs . Jngersoii , Given , and Hilliard .
House op Representatives , Apkil 17 . —The house proceeded to the consideration of the Senate resolutions of notice respecting the termination of the joint convention respecting thc Oregon territory , and Mr . Robert Dale Owen , of Indiana ( a son ' of Robert Owen , the Socialist ) , moved two amendments to the Senate resolutions , which had been agreed upon at s caucus of the democratic members held last evening . The alterations proposed by these amendments are as follow ;—In thc first resolution , at the close of it , after the word '• earnestly , " strike out the words " and immediately directed to renewed efforts for the amicable settlement , " and insert "directed to tin * importance of a speedy adjustment . " In tho second resolution , alter the words " That the President of the United States be , " strike out" and he is hereby authorised at his discretion , " and insert " authorised and requested . "
Mr . Owen having offered these amendments , moved the previous question , which bein g sustained , cut off all debate , and brought the house at once to vote on tlic-adoption of the amendments , which were carried by a voic of 99 Yeas to 87 Noes , so that a ( . li . lllg'O Of SCYC 11 YOlCfi Only would have reversed the decision . The resolutions , as thus amended , were adopted by 141 Yeas , -11 Noes . On the first vole there were 30 members absent ; on the second , 37 . The resolutions , with the phraseology used by the Senate , and the amendments of the house , in parallel columns , are as fi-llows : — " Resolved , -fee . —That hy the Convention concluded the 20 th day of October , 1818 , between tho United States of America and chc Kintr of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain anil Ireland , for tho poriott ot ten years , afterwards indefinitely extended and continued in force by another Convention of . the same parties , concluded the Cth day of August , in . the year of our Lord 1827 , it was agreed that any country that may be claimed by cither jjnrty on thc north-west coast of America , WCStlVtU'd of tlic Stony or Rocky mount-iins , now commonly called the Oregon territory , should , together with its harbours , bays , and creeks , and the navigation of all rivers wi thin the same , be 'free and open * to the vessels , citizens , and suhjects of the two Powers , ' but without prejudice to any claim wliich either of the parties might iiitvc to any part of the said country s and with this further provision , in the second article of the said
Convention ot * theGth of August ,- 1827 , that either party might abrogate aud annul the said Cuiivention , on gir ' mg notice of twelve months to the other contracting party;—that it lias HOW become desirable that the respective claims of the United States aud Groat Bri-ain shoulube definitively settled and that said territory may no longer than need be remain subject to the evil conset-uences of the divided allegiance of its American and Uritish population , and . of the c . jufusiou and conflict of national jurisdictions , dangerous to he cherished pence and good understanding of the two countries , and , therefore that steps be ta lien for the abrogation of the said Convention of the Cth of August , 1827 , in the mode prescribed in its second article , and that the attention of tho Government of hoth countries may be tho more
earnestly ( Senate Resolution . ) ( House Amendment . ) and immediately directed directed to the importance to renewed efforts for the of a speedy adjustment of umwable settlement of all ail their differences and their ( lillcrcnccs and dis- disputes in respect to Said putcs in ruspect to said ta * - terriiory . ritory . 'And be it further ro- " Sec . 2 . And DC it fursolved , that the President thev resolved , that the Preof the United States be , and sident of the United States he is htivby authorised , at be authorised and requested his discretion , to give to the to give to the British Go-British Government the no- vernment the notice \'& - tice required by its said quired by its said second second article for the ab- article for the abrogation of rogation of the said Con- the said Convention of the vi-ntion of tlie Cth of August , Cth of August , 1 S 27 . " 1827 . "
Washington , Aitji . 20 th . — -tiie Senate has to-aay refused to concur in the amendments of the House of Representatives to their resolutions respecting the 12 months notice . The vote was 22 in favour of concurring : in the amendments and 29 against . Unless , therefore , the house recede from its amendments , no notice will be given this session of Congress . Ariiih 21 . —Mr . Allen moved that the Senate recede from Its disagreement to the amoildmeiltS Oi ' tllO House of Representatives , but the Senate refused by a , vote of 31 to 20 . On the li-kh ult . the Oregon Occupation Bill passed the House of Representatives ; Ayes , 103 ; AW-iG .
Tun CnAnous against Mb . WEr . siEK are reported to have fallen into universal discredit . On the 20 th ult . a message was received from the President , in the house , in resiionse to the resolution calling for the accounts of the disbursement of the secret service fund , which Mr . Webster was accused of havinjappropriated in part to his own use , and in part applied to improper purposes . The President refused to send the accounts' vouchers , and replied that by a . Jaw of 1810 this fund had been used by the President , upon his certificate only , without any account ov statement of the object ; that the amnunt used
during Mr . Webster s administration of the State Department was only 5 , 109 dollars ; that he could scud President Tyler ' s certificates , upon which the money was drawn , hut that they would furnish no means whatever of judging of the propriety of the expenditure , or even of its objects . _ In a case of impeachment a committee could examine the confidential papers , but the executive would not , upon aiiy light occasion , allow tliem to be published , for it would destroy the object of the fund . He had not yet used any of thc fund , hut should sot hesitate to do it . it ' occasion required . No President wouid use the fund except in extreme cases .
Mr . Iogersffll then alleged that Mr Webster proposed a special mission to settle the Oregon question and make a commercial treaty . Mr . Webster had denied tliis , aud Mr . Adams , being appealed to declared as chairman at the time of tlie Committee 011 Foreign Affairs , thai Mr . Innevsoll ' s allegations were uttirly untrue and unfounded . Serious Riots took place at Brooklyn on the 20 th ult ., and following ( lays , in consequence of thc Irish labourers having struck ; for- an advance of wages . The men assembled in largo numbers , awl Uie military had to he called out , and were , according to the last advicts , actively engaged in quelling the disturbances .
Pomsiimbnr Of Duatii In* Ami-Mica. — Acc...
PoMsiiMBNr of Duatii in * Ami-mica . — According to the last received New York papers , Mr . Titus ot that City , had just reported ,. from the proper committee , a bill to abolish capital punhlimciit . It is ns follows :
" AN A . CT TO ABOLISH CAl'ITAL PUNISHMENT . " The people of the State of New York , represented in Senate and Assembly , do enact as follows : — " 1 . The punishment of death is hereby abolished , and in HcU thereof , sny jn-rson convicted of any crime uhich , by the laws or' th-. ; State now in force , is punishable with death , shall be confined in tiie State Prison , in solitude , : md at hard labour , for the period of his or her natural life . " 2 . This Act shall take effect on the first day of January next . _ [ The Bill is a pattern for brevity : somewhat different therein from somy of onr Acts . ' ]
Ma . WocKiuGENi'CDmv' -GB-rxiGKXsroRiiE- v fell down stairs the other day , and broke his name into three pieces . —Hot - ion Post . —And we think it was very cruel in you to put such a name together again . —N Y . Com . Adv . — We didn ' t ; it was regularly set and splintered by an eminent practitioner , who declared it to be a most beautiful case of compound fracture . — tiostoii Post .
Novel Wat Of Cikcui.Ati. -Iu .Njnre.—Thc...
Novel Wat of CiKCUi . ATi . -iu . Njnre . —Thc Figaro of Berlin , says a German journal , not wishing to get into trouble by the publication ofa piece of scandal , lately inserted the following notice : — " A terrible piCCO of news for M . ¦ , director of —— - , is now in circulation . As wc cannot publish ifc without danger to ourselves , and as the public ought however to be informed of its purport , we have given orders to our porter to relate in all its details the said intelli gence to whatever persons may think lit to make inquiries . Wo pledge ourselves that the details are all correct . " This article not having received the authorisation ol the censorship , the journal has been cited before the Criminal Tribunal The person alluded to however had been already dismissed from office .
The leu o p-run JS ' eva broke up on thc ninht of thc lOthult . and in the afternoon of the 11 th had become so far cleared away , that the governor of the fortress ot'St . Petersburg ! crossed the river in a boat ' under a , salvo of artillery , announcing that the navigation was again open . Thc river has this season been impassable for only 117 days , being not more than M days longer than the shortest period within the last 127 years .
American 'Working-Men's Movement. Emanci...
AMERICAN ' WORKING-MEN'S MOVEMENT . EMANCIPATION OF LABOUR AND THE LAND . , Wc have received copies of' Young America , to the llth of April inclusive , each number contaioiii-. ' checrhur reports of the progress of the Agrarian movement . In the " Ami-Kent Region , " the principles of the New York reformers are making ' great proposs . In l ' onuayivania tho movement progresses admirably . A daily journal , entitled the DfliV j- Dis patch , published at 'Pittsburgh , having a circulation ot 3000 , has declared for the freedom of the uublic
/ amis . In Philadelphia an Agrarian paper is .-ibimt 10 be established . In Indiana the movement is gaining-ground . _ Among other places ( in Jw-Jhina ) : m Agrarian society has been established at Now Harmony . During the first two weeks of April , meetings were of nightly occurrence in New York , and an entire column of Toiuii ; America is each week devoted to announce acts of "Forthcoming Meetings . " We recently announced that Mr . II , \ xsom Smitu had declined the hot-out'of nomination for the mayorship of New York , on a second solicitation he was , however , induced to accept the call of the reformers .
At the meeting of the Association on the 1 st of April , amongst several ucw members enrolled was a Mr . Jons Cotton Smith , an ex-member of the legislature of Connecticut , and a former governor of that state . Yoimg America of April 4 th con ' nins thc tiri-t of the "No Vote ! , No Musket ! " letters addressed by Feargus O ' Connor , Esq . to the British Chartists " , accompanied with the following excellent editorial remarks : — Ko ' -dAKPl NO RIVLBl
It is lucky that we have some men in Congress who can keep tip with the nuelligsnce of the age and the progress of common sense , anil who therefore can see that it is too late in this country for ambitious men to acquire power by compcll ng landless men to lose their liinbs or their lives ill lighting IVl * tan-Ho r ' 1 ** ! W ' nr , the game of Uin-jiand tjVimtSj Could bfe played as long as there was one lilan in a nation to assert that the woil'lne ; people were not born to be landless slaves ; but the game is now up . The free soil doctrine is spreading with almost telcgrahit * speed in Europe and America ; and what impudent demagogue hereafter will have the thee to ash men who know they arc robbed of their dearest right , to fight tho battles of their plunderers ? Let those who would fun the flames of war for the benefit of land thieves beware of the vengeance of those who see freedom ahead , should they be the means of despoiling the glorious prospect . Mr . Benton is not one of these . Again he has raised his
voice for peace . Again he has shown , and that hy new evidence , that according to the humbug laws and treaties of nations up to this time acknowledged by the two governments , an adjustment of the Oregon dispute ought to be settled on the 49 th parallel . In this he has evinced true courage which it would he well for his opponents to imitate by abandoning their-bravadoes . ' By an article on the last page to-day , it will'he seen that the masses of England have r-vUtsd the cry of "No Vote , no Musket ! " The first thing the people of England would do wilh the vote if they (* ot it , would be to vote themselves a / arm ou their own soil . Therefore the interpretation of their present rallying cry is , " So Land , no Musket ! " ami that , our own war dogs may rest assured , would ho thc cry of the landless here if they should succeed in their designs , Land-lui'iis hereafter may fight their own battles , and the landless will not be idle while they are carrying on their game .
Passing over for the present a mass of interesting matter , articles , addresses , letters , resolutions , « fec , some of which we may heivulkr extract , we proceed at once to state something of the
GREAT MEETING * IN THE l'AHK
AT NEW YORK OF MANY THOUSANDS OF LACKLANDERS DETERMINED TO HAVE TIIE LAND . This most important meeting took place on Thursday , April 9 th , and will long be remembered as tho first groat demonstration of thc American pso , - -lc hi support of a true Republic . We give Young Ame rica ' s account of this important gathering :- — MA . SS MEETING FOR A FREE SOIL . Never was 1 bo much at a loss for words as now , in desiring to notice appropriately the great meeting in tho park on Thursday , in favour of a landed democracy . To say . that the meeting was a highly interesting and important one , would ho doing small justice to the subject : to aver that a peaceful meeting pregnant
with consequence' ! , so important and beneficial to the human race , was never before held since the dawn of civilisation , I think would not exceed the truth . What took place in Italy , when the people of . that country were endeavouring to regain their foothold upon ths earth , it is impossibly to tell - , for when we see our own movements and doctrines so misrepresented here uuder . ourown eyes ; it is easy to conceive , through uid of the clue afforded ua by the " romance of history , " that the Free -Soil principle was as well understood , and as clearly enunciated , by the Plebeians of Home as by the National Reformers of Jfcw York , Since those . days , however , if there ever has been so large a meeting , £ 11 any country , as that held in the P ^ rh on Thursday , for the express purpose of 'dacing the rights i'f a people on the only secure and eternal basis ot a Free Soil , history is entirely silent as to the event .
It was not , however , the numbers present at this meeting , so much as the distinctive character of the assemblage , and the fact that the people present came on purpose to consider the subject of a landed democracy , that gave it importance . The object of the meeting was dis . tinctly stated in the Mammoth handbills , 600 of which were posted in all parts of the city , and in advertisements in most of the city papers , and the result was a convocation of the most intelligent and thoughtful of the useful classes of this overgrown metropolis . At half-past four the meeting was called to order , by Henry Beeny , who nominated the President . Benjamin Perkins nominated a Viae President for each ward , and William Arbuthnot nominated Secretaries . The following officers were chosen on the respective motions : — Pbesident—JOHN COMMEltFORD . Vice-Pbesidents .
1 . William Green . 10 . Henry Droller . 2 . John W . Koyessr . 11 . George Arnold . 3 . William Uowe . 12 . ( roorge Wiudt . 4 . Charles B . Burton . 13 . Israel Peck . 5 . Samuel Webster . 1 * . Andrew Potter , ( i . DiUlK-l Oakley , 15 . William Mann . 7 . Samuel M . Janes . 10 . Daniel Di .-1-mey . S . Jonas It . Umer . 17 . William Marston . ! ) . David Marsh . 18 . John De La Montanyo . SjicitATAiuEs—Gilbert Vale , jun ., Robert Trousdale , Nicholas TaUuinn , Harmaii Kroel . The President stated the object of the meeting , and then called upon Mr . llyckmun , who gave his views more at length , and very much to the purpose . The President then announced that Mr . Evans , from the Committee ot the National Reform Associatiou , would read an address and resolutions , which lie did as iollows : —
ADDRESS . Thc Committee of the NATIONAL REFORM ASSOCIATION beg leave to report to their fellow-citizens—That in their opinions a highly important crisis has arrived in the history of our government , a crisis fraught with the most serious consequences to thc welfare of Unpeople of the present andfuture generations . The '' glorious revolution of ' 7 G developed new truths in fliii science of civilized government- and asserted for the people rights never before ( so far as history informs us ) asserted under such favourable auspices , as to popular intolli-jencc , territory , and other circumstances . But some most essential rights so a-. se . tcd are yet only in prospect . Therefore the revolution is not completed . We have thriwn olf foreign rulers , but havu retained
foreign systems . We have assumed the right to govern ourselves , but we have nol yet jrovorned justly . We have declared an equality of rights , hut we have not practised upon the declaration , Strange though it may seem , itis no less true than strange , that we have mistaken Slaverytor freedom . Let it now and henceforth be proclaimed to the world , that there can be no freedom where any . nun is coerced hy any sort of force or necessity to labour for auotticr ; that to lie free , a man must have a sovereign and iimlienahle right to soil enough to subsist upon . We assert , then , tin : EQUAL 1 UGHT OF MAS TO THE SOIL , and DEMAND its restoration to the people , We ask that all the people may possess equal ri ghts , in practice as well as theory , in order that all may have the best possible opportunity for thc pursuit of hup piness . We demand a free soil for a free people .
In all nations where a monopoly of thc soil has existed , no matter wha ' , tho form of government , the mass of the people lniva been held in slavish dependence hy the few . Seventy years experience has shown us that a government , never so republican in other respects , is powerless to secure freedom ton people among whom . 1 Monopoly of the soil is tolerated . We might refer to tlic isl . inds of Guernsey and Jersey , to Tyrol , to Norway , to Spain , and to France , for evidence that the nearer the approach to an equal right to the soil among a people , the better and more independent is the condition of that people ; and : o Itussia and to England for evidence , on Hie other hand , that tho icti-ci- h .-iii-Js the land is in the more wretched is the condition of the labouring classes . But wc need not leave our own
country for testimony on this subject . Ike monstrous , the gliu ing anomaly here stares us in the face throughout our land , that the . condition of the working people becomes more and more depressed in oxact ratio with the progress of invention , improvement , and the means of production . Iu Oregon , for instance , with the least of those advantiijjfcs , labour is best paid , because there Unpeople ( at present ) havu the land ; while in New Yuri . - , where industrial improvements has been carried to the greatest extent , hero the wi-vUers avo most depressed , because the greatest proportion of the people are landless . Thus the plain and simple solution of the difficulty which has prevented some ot" our politicians from fultilliii--their promises and realising their expectations when thei would , and others , perhaps , from doing what they eoul-i , isLAND MONOPOLY .
In various ages anil nations thc Right to the Soil has boon assorted by wise men ; but generally when Unpeople became powerless through a monopoly of gradual growth . Lycurgus partially established the principle in Greece the Gracchi made an unsucessful attempt to
American 'Working-Men's Movement. Emanci...
establish it in Itome ; Spence asserted it in "Enalaiid ; Paine and others in I ' niiice ; Jefferson and Shirimore in America . There b . more or less of good iii all that , these men haye done aud written mi" a Five Soil , and it would bo strange if we could not profit by and improve upon their It-hours . iN .-ver , perhaps , was there so good an . opportunity of . peaceably restoring the Soil to the People as now exists 111 this infant Republic . Never , in fact ; was there so good an . opportunity for establishing tlm . Repot * . Lie ; for a Republic cnn . no move exist with a La ded Aristocracy than a Monarchy can exist without one . Let the Right of Soil be asserted , then ; till tho whole world shall be regenerated hy the all-saving principle . If any one principle can regenerate a world , h is that of a Free Soil . It is Uie downfall of Despotism , / tis a sure basis for a Republic . It solves the great social problem , hotv to inn be individual coincident with a national pros-perity . Ours , then , be the glory of establish . ing a Landed iiemoeracv .
Here follow quotations from a number of documents showing the orogivss of Free Soil principles from 1829 to the prevent time . These quotations , extending over two columns o f Yotimj America ^ would occupy more room than we have to spare . After t-iving these quotations the " Address" proceeds and concludes as follows : — Thus the Free Suit doctrine is a progressive principle a living and growing fact : and the measures necessary to its final triumph arc timple , practical , and well dc-filicd . Stop selling the Public Lands , let the state and the nation , liaiit the amount of the land that any one may henceforth acquire , sccuie the inviolability of the homestead , and thc work is done : you have established tin Republic on the uiiiHipn .-gn-iMe basis of a LANDED DEMOCRACY .
Well had it been for the Republic if our Legislators had listened to the first call on this subject ; well had they even listened when Jackson spoke . Tlie State of New York might have bviii spared the darkest chapter > , £ herhistory . The nation might now have been more surely unhnpregnable 10 the worM , and instead ' of the chance of fighting tor Oregon , the CON'TWENT might have been ours without striking a blow . Let us delay no longer the establishmentofa Landed Democracy , We Will Surf £ 11 no iougnr delay . Already ihe land- Is tilled , tho worUships arc filled , the mines are wrought
and the ships are navigated hy LAKDLESS MEJi , who have scarcely . 1 chance of escape from servitude , and whose children must inevitably- be what the children of labour In Eiiglaud are now ! Already is the agricultural population scattered aud the mechanic . ilcrowdtd in cities that capital may monopolize the roads and saddle the producers with Rents . Disregarding the warning voice of a Jefferson , we have " iK'como piled up in large cities us ill Europe , ' ' and gone ' * ' to eating one another as they do there . " Our duty to our children cries aloud for Reformation . -Wo must put an end to the Landed Aristocracy and . save thc Republic .
Tiie present system enables the rich to absorb the proceeds of labour through rents and mortgages . Lst each family have-one Homestead and no more , and let all the surplus land bo held by the people for those coming of age . Xo longer tli en will there be rents or mortgages . Under our present system the workers have but to receive With one hand from an employer and pay over with the other to a landlord . Let th ' em be their own employers and their own landlords , and save a double tax . Under the system ivo propose , employingfarmei-s would secure freeholds for all their children , wliich not one in ten Of them can do now ; wages runners would ho enabled to set up far thenir . c ) y * s on their own freeholds as soon as they could procure thc necessary stock and materials ;
mechanics would get out of the cities instead of crowding into tliein , till all could have their freeholds ' both iu and out ; man who work underground in the mine ; would have better pay or tliey would stay upon the surface ; seamen would have battel' pay , better treatment , and better accommodation--, or they would st . iy on shore ; no longer-would men enter a Navy or Array to be ordered about by officers nor of their cvt n choosing ; and the rich ,. Who nou squnud ^ x-tlio proceed-, ul' 'jllicia' l . ibour , though deprived uf some of their luxuries , would find it a greater luxury tocon-uvne the products cf their own labour , and would find their advantage in the general weal , and in the security ofa competence , instead ' of the chance of suptrlluiii'is . A LANDED DEMOCRACY then , now and for ever !
iesolotions . Resolved , —That with the facts staring them in the face of gradually - deer-caving means among the producing classes , in propn ' -rtHi to the increase of tln > powers of production through their own ingenuity , it is disgraceful to legislators that they have not discovered a remedy for a wrong so palpable . Resolved , —That where there are large prisons and poor houses in a country that has fertile lar . d uncultivated , thoy are an evidence of iiiisgovermm-nr . Resolved , ;—That if all men have an inalienable right to life , liberty , and thc pursuit cf happiness , as wc firmly believe they have , it must be that they have an innlienable right to use thc earth , without which life cannot he sustained , liberty preserved , or happiness enjoyed ! therefore no man " , or set of men , ought to be allowed to monopolize hereafter more of the soil than could be possessed by every citizen who desired it .
Resolved , —That the limd of the world belongs to the people of the world , unil that no government hag a right to do anything with the hind but to secure it for the equal use of its citixens ; therefore , not anotheruere oi ' the public lands of the United States ought to be sold or appropriated to any other use- whatever than tho sustenance of freeholders . Resolved , —That here ifter we will consider all legisla . tors who uphold land monopoly or neglect to use ;> U their powers to abolish it as robbers far more culpable than ] iliind « i-ers of moveable ps ' opiH'ty . Resolved , —That as land traffic is productive of destitution , misery , and crime , we must hereafter regard any man who buys hind for any other purpose than his own or his family ' s cultivation as a land-steak-r .
Resolved , —that land monopoly is thc-gi-C . 1 ' *> st , " > ol ' ll 0 a evil that exists in any civilized country ; that therefore thepeopleof each country oughtto limit the amount of land to be held by individuals , and that it is the duty of the United States to set an example to the nations . Resolved , —That it is the proper business of gorenia ment to secure aud protect the natural rithts of the people ; and as the right to the soil is the right of which the largest portion of the people are now deprived , it should be the first business of tlic- coming Constitutional Convention of New York to secure that right , so far ,-at least , as it may be done by . preventing any future mo . nopoly . Resolved , —That the homestead of every family ought to be exempt from all liability for deht ( -. is in Georgia and Texas ) , and transferable only to a landless person . Resolved , —That we regard the working men of the world as our brethren , and their idle and luxurious taskmasters r . s our enemies .
Resolved ,. —That tve abominate that game of tyrants called war , and that before any citizen is culled upon to ft-jlit he ought to be put in possession ofa homestead for his family . Resolved , —That would foreign powers send their landlords here to fight for Oregon , or for any other purpose , wc might be disposed to . endeavour to rid the world of their loathe sonic presence ; but should they forcf * their lacklandirs here we would receive them us friends and invite them to tahc homesteads among ; us . Resolved , —That in view of the rapidly augmenting pauperism and crime consequent upon our overstocked wages slave market , we consider the government « f this city intimately connected with the Free Soil movement , and will therefore vote for Hansom Smith inu ! James Maxwell , men p ledged to the principle , for Mnjur and Alms House CoiuinissieiKT , and for the Tree Soil candidates for Charter OUieers .
Resolved ,- ~ Tlmt we will use every effort to elect plcdjred Five Soil di-let-ntes to the Constitutional Convention . Resolvt'ilj—Th .-it Thomas II . Kenton , cf the Senate of the United States , and Robert Smith , R . P . iliniclf , Felix McConnell , ami Andrew Jolinwti , of the House of Representatives , are entitled to the respectful e . msietera . tion of the landless anil all liberal men , for their efforts towards a Free Soil . While the address was being read the audience listened with the utmost atteutwm , though many in the outskirts must have heard it imperfectly . The address and resolutions Were put collectively and were adopted by a unanimous and universal shout of Aye ; not even a whisper of dissent being heard on the negative .
The President then read and offered a series of resolutions prepaicd by himself , deprecating a war about Oregon and approving of the conduct of the congressmen who have endeavoured to avert it ; hitting oil very neatl y "Gen . Wawkotomiuvko , " the Senatorial ii-UO nuin and eulogizer of " J ? ranee , its court and king " and condemning the conduct of ihe Governor and members of the Legislature from this city in the ease of Alike Walsh . On these resolutions he made a long and excellent speech , at the close of whicli the resolutions , which wire good in themselves ( though covered in part b y the resolutions of the committee , ) were put an * carried , ' but cuv . necessarily excluded by our limited space , as well as much other matter relating more immediatel y to the objects of the meeting-.
At this time the audience had become so large , that it was thought hest to hurott speaker at each cud of the large platform prepared for the occasion ; and as a considerable portion of the audience were of German origin , one of them spoke in the language of that pcoyle . Soon the audience became too large even for two speakers , and a third ¦ . 'ommoniwd on the City Hull steps * , and from this time till near thc dose of tho meeting a succession of speakers was kept up in the three positions , c . ii-h divi . sion . of the audience alternately rending the air with shouts of applause , as the free Soil prospect , in its vari . ous aspects , wus opined to them .
The speakers , ilm-iii- , ' the afternoon and evening were thc President , Messrs . Rycluiiau , O'Connor , Kriege , Bronson , Trautwi-in , Rami , Evans , Drcher , Arnold , Gould , Manning , Kiles , Merrill , Gl-. iser , Zucgner , and perhaps others not recollected . Our rrportti * has notes of several of the speeches , nhich 1 shall eiuienvoui'to give an abstract of nest week , but with no hnpo ef doing justice to the truthful and eloquent appeals maue on this occasion . The paper containing the promised abstract of the speeches has not y d reached England . Hurrah for the A-irat-ian Dt ' iiiicr-ital . Nine times nine Sor the brave New Yoriers . '
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), May 16, 1846, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_16051846/page/7/
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