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August 16, 1851. ___-.. „ THE N6RTHE5 N ...
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AUSTRIAN ESPIONAGE IN ITALY. Jj^ n Austr...
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In the first place, it is evident that t...
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MONIES RECEIVED Fob thk Week Ending Thvb...
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Denmark.—The population of the kingdom o...
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SOCIALIST EXPERIMENTS. TO THE EDITORS OF...
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ALARMING ACCIDENT ON THE SOUTH EASTERN R...
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The First Chime of Belis is Upper Caxaoa...
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PROPOSED WORKING SMITHS ASSOCIATION.
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Makcbesibr Trades' Delegate jMbbtikg .—A...
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-inuuir mnmmnm
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HUNGEilFOHD HALL . STHAXD. On Saturday l...
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The Expei-XiEd Pakx Pkdlabs.— The c?.o» ...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Labour Unbound. One Sentence In The Spee...
present posiiiou , from an American gentle man , who examined it with the greatest care : — rasdng through a narrow passage hetnem tha rear of two theatres in the Eue de Bondy , I came upon J court-yard , fi'led with trees and shrubbery , and reminding you more of a pleasant country village , than of the sombre purlieus of mechanical industry in a c roa-ded city . The space was dotted with several small neat cottages , each with agarden andaclusti-r of tre- s . and in tie centre a hiiildingof more pretensions , which proT . . d to be the shop ot the associated workmen . On ent ring the first floor , I found a warehouse well supplied with manufactured goods , and convenient work-rooms , with an excellent st * ck of 'ools , and everything in admirable ord-r . The workmen were as busy as bf-es , and wore a happy satisfied-look , wbii > h I have rarely found among the la-1 » uruig-cla « sesin Europe . The -whole appearance of the place showed that it was a money-making concern , and no mistake .
We leave this to speak for itself , and conclude , for tbe present , with one question . If the money spent in the Wolverhampton strike had gone to establish a tin plate manufactory , would not the defeat of the Pebbys have been more signal , without g iving them the chance of an indictment for conspiracy ? "Working men , think of this ; and let thought ripen into action . d ? v who would be free , themselves must strike the blow .
August 16, 1851. ___-.. „ The N6rthe5 N ...
August 16 , 1851 . ___ -.. „ THE N 6 RTHE 5 STAR ,
Austrian Espionage In Italy. Jj^ N Austr...
AUSTRIAN ESPIONAGE IN ITALY . Jj ^ n Austrian underling rejoicing in the 6 & vae ' e an unpronouncablc name of Gonczs-K 0 R 1 U WSKY , has , in his capacity of military and dvO Lieutenant of the Venetian provinces issued a circular to the military commanders m . " ^ > » which throws some light on the meai . * b y which these provinces are kept in sublet 'ti 011 ' It conveys a melancholy revelation of the state of the Italians subject to Austria , and a damnatory proof of the utter absence of a . ' 1 honourable or manl y feelin ? among Austria ^ officers . Despotism degrades aud demoralises the tools with which it
works out its base and brutal purposes , even more than the unhappy victims it tyrannises ever . Henceforward to he an officer of the Austrian army should he t ? eld to be synonymous with spy and common uiformer , and the announcement of their names . be followed b y their being summaril y and © peaty kicked out of all decent and honest society . The system of Espionage which they are to form the prime agents is curiously minute . When any person is designated ' special '—that ia excites the fears of the Imperial Government - " ¦ these spies are * exactly to supply all the
following indications : '—His nation , place of birth , parentage , age , his personal description , intellectual culture , and talents , character and humour ; his sentiments in politics , religion , and other matters ; his social position aud education , the estimation in which he is generally held , and the extent of his influence . Perhaps there is no great harm in a Government informing itself of these matters , if it be done irl a proper manner . It certainly has a ri ght to know the personal character and influence
of its opponents , but what follows implies an amount of domestic treachery , of ceaseless watchfulness , close , stealth y , unwinking surveillance , sufficient to drive any man mad ¦ who knew or suspected that he was its object . Onl y think of your footsteps being dogged by a host of spies for ever of never escaping from them fur » moment , sleeping or waking , while they pursue their horrid task of collecting materials which may enable them to tell their victim ' s manner of living , what he habituall y does or omits to do , whether he is much or little at home , and , if he
goes out , where he usually goes ; with special indications of the public places , private houses , and families he visits ; and whether lie goes to them in tbe day or in the ni ght , frequently , seldom , or periodically—but we cannot continue the enumeration of the precise and minute instructions , as to his usual topics of discourse , his correspondence , his travelling , and means of conveyance , his Style of living , and its proportion to his income . We can oniy single out for pause , one hideously depraved item in the list , significant of hopeless dreary isolation , domestic solitude , and utter deprivation of human companion ship and confidence , compared to which seclusion in an uninhabited island would be a
paradise . — ' In what special relations he stands * to his parents , his family , his friends , and his 'mistress ! ' These military spies , it will be observed , are not only to report what a man floes , hut what he habitually omits to do ; they are likewise enjoined to state whether he took part in the revolution by actions , or ' only in thought , '' and , * if he took no part in the revolution , ' whether he refrained 'on principle and * devotion to his lawful sovereign , or from fear , prudence , apathy , inertness , or calculation !' Talk of a detect ! vepolice > Thebestof them may gleansuchinstructionsfromthisanthorisedcode Of instructions to Austrian military spies bearing commissions asnever entered into their imaginations . And , above all , recollect the object for which this net is made—to enmesh the
unfortunate objects of suspicion to their foreign tyrants . Think of the revelations respecting the prisons of Naples and Rome ; remember those of Pellico and Andryane as to the tortures inflicted in Austrian dungeons , under direct Imperial sanction ; and then imagine the fate of persons thus beset on all sides by ¦ pies set upon them to discover , or conjecture , r invent , bad motives for peaceable demeanour . All who come in contact with an Italian are , if possible , to be converted into conduits for conveying intelligence of his
sayings and doings—bis very looks and gestureshis silence and inaction—to his tyrants . The domestic hearth is to be polluted b y domestic treason , and the very objects of his love converted into conscious or unconscious traitors . The most trivial words are to be treasured up , and , when need be , perverted and made to tear meanings never intended by him , —in short , the eye of the tyrant is to be sleepless , bis ears ever open , and his victims are to know neither rest nor respite till they are tracked into the cells of Spielberg .
The only consolation that can be drawn from such infamous and disgraceful circulars a this of Gorczskomiawskt ' s , and the recent blood-thirsty and brutal proclamation of Badetzky in Lombardy , is , that despotism is straining the bow so ti ghtly that it must , ere long , break in its hands . The very extremity of theoppressioa and sufieringiuflicted will drive men to despair , and tbey will say , better die in ihe open field with arms in our hands , than be watched , and dogged , and lied , and
trampled upon thus . The continental governments are sowing seeds which will spring up armed men , The political sky over the -whole continent is black and thunderouswait but a little , and a storm will burst forth , more terrible and destructive to thrones than history has ever yet recorded . Their present possessors are sowing the wind to reap the -whirlwind . Having shown no mercy in their day of power , they can ask for none when the day of retribution arrives .
In The First Place, It Is Evident That T...
In the first place , it is evident that the Icarians hare the art of making themselves more agreeable to their neighbours than the MorraonB . The « Tribune ' for Saturday , 12 th July , contains an account of tbe rejoicings at he Great National Fete , to celebrate ( lie de *
THE ICARIAN COMMUNITY . Most of our readers will remember that a -year or two since a number of the disciples of ItL Cabet took possession of the town of JNauvoo , in Illinois , from which the Mormons -were driven out to undertake that last emigration , which has ended in the foundation of a great Empire in the heart of tho great Californian Desert . We have received copies of the * Popular Tribune / issued by 'the Icarian Community , ' from which we glean some items of information respecting its progress , which we imagine will not be unacceptable .
In The First Place, It Is Evident That T...
claration of Independence on the 4 th , from which we learn , the Commuuists bore a distinguished part in the proceedings of the day , and were toasted b y their American friends in fee following cordial fashion : — = The Icanan Community . Liberty , JEquality , and Fraternity , a mOcto to ; make the wilderness of Earth bud and blossom with the roses of Paradise . ( Success to their enterprise . In the next place , their mutual progress appears to be of the most satisfactory and stuad y nature . In preference to any statements on that head from members of the
Community , which mig ht be suspected of exaggeration or unconscious over colouring , we condense some statements in a letter contained in the * Tribune' for the 19 th July . The name of the writer is a sufficient guarantee for their authenticity . It is that of Mr . Verb Foster , the Irish gentleman who some time ago published the result of his personal experience on board our emigrant ships , as to the horrible and infamous treatment undergone by chose who cannot pay for cabin passages . Mr . Foster , connected by birth with some of the first families of this country , voluntarily acted upon the injunction of the Poet : —
Take physic , pomp J Expose thyself to feel what wretches feel . He took an ordinary passage , and roughed it for the express purpose of ascertaining the tacts , and placing them before the Government of this country through the medium of his influential relations . We trust that his personal sufferings and inconveniences will be compensated b y a vigorous and substantial Itel ' orm in the management of these 'floating Hells , ' as they have been not unappropriated termed . But to return from this digression
to the Icarian community . It appears that Mr . Foster , iu the course of his travels , visited . Nauvoo , and in the letter referred to , he says : —* It has been one of the greatest pleasures which I have experienced in my life to witness the theory of Socialism , which I have been in the habit of considering as an Utopia , successfully carried into practice at Nauvoo . ' After condemning the impatience of some of the advocates of Socialistic views , and their countenance of p hysical force revolutions in France , and expressing a hope that there will be no more such excesses , the
writer says ;— ' I have always considered that smmer or later fraternity would be the universal reli g ion and practice of all mankind . The Icarian community appears to me to be engaged heart and soul in hastening this happy state of things , and to be itself enjoying the greatest happiness , collective and . individual , yet attained by mankind . ' Mr . Foster continues to g ive the following emphatic testimony to the moral and social results of communism as developed at Nauvoo : —
1 have spoken to a very large number of the associates both in company " and individually , and quite separately ; they have all unhesitatingly expressed themselves as perfectly contented , and indeed content , good humour , cheerfulness , joy , and fraternity nre unmistakeably depicted in their every expression of countenance , and in every action . No dfetrust of man by man is perceptible in the expression ol the eye : reciprocity of confidence and mutual affection are there reflected
instead . I have also conversed with a very large i . umber of the citizens of Nauvoo , who do not form part of tbe community , and of the neighbouring town of Montrose , also both in company and separately ; and I am happy to testify , that I beard but one expression of opinion , namely , that the Icarians were the happiest community whom my informants had ever seen ; and were peaceable ,-orderly , industrious , and well conducted in every respect iu a most exemplary degree ; not a word have I heard to their prejudice , not even among the loungers ol
the bar rooms . After such statements it is needless to enter into details , as to the material and industrial position of the Icarians . ' Contentment , good humour , cheerfulness , joy , and fraternity / are not the concomitants of poverty , and an unavailing but ceaseless struggle to procure the bare necessaries of life . Tho associative principle under which the labour of the
Icarians is conducted , and the equitable arrangements under which the product is distributed , must be as productive of plenty as it is of peace . There is , however , we regret to learn , one blot upon their escutcheon . They are "Whisk y Distillers . Mr . Foster states , that he hopes the pecuniary circumstances oi the communit y will justif y tho ^ cessation of a profitable business , which , it appears , fell into their hands in connexion with the flour and
saw mill , and which , m the infancy of the community , they found it convenient to carry on to obtain funds . The editorof the' Tribune ' in a note agrees with Mr . Foster , and there is no doubt but that a method of making money so totally opposed to the principles on which tbe community is founded , will be abandoned as speedily as possible . So many experiments of this kind have failed in consequence of the imperfect organisation , the deficient funds , or the constitutional defects of the parties engaged in them , that it is really gratifying to learn on . such
good authority , as that we have cited , of the success of the Icarian Community . It has not been without its difficulties and its obstructions , and not the least of these , we should say , has been the necessity for M . Cabet , its venerable founder , leaving it to return to Europe at this earl y stage of its progress . It will be recollected , that in the indiscriminate and envenomed onslaught made two years ago upon Socialism and Socialists of every kind and degree in France , M . Cabet was condemned by partisan tribunals as having been guilty , not onl y of political , but
moral offences—of having been guilty of fraudulent conduct to the persona who had entrusted him with money for the formation of a community in the "United States . He has devoted himself , in the true spirit of all the great benefactors of the world , patiently to his important task , and at the earliest moment it was safe to leave the important establishment he has founded , he hastened back to France , demanded to be confronted with his
accusers , and obtained a complete and triump hant acquittal from all the calumnious charges made against him . From the contents of the papers before us , it is clear that be is looked np to by the Icarians withthe strongest feelin gs of affectionate esteem and veneration ; and we ardently wish to him and hisldisciples after his return , increasing and steady success iu the noble and inestimable enterprise they have so auspiciously begun .
Monies Received Fob Thk Week Ending Thvb...
MONIES RECEIVED Fob thk Week Ending Thvbbjat , August Mth , 1851 . THE HOHESTY FUND . RECEIVED BT JOHN JlBSOTT . ii s , a . Ipswich , per John Cook .. 0 5 0 NATIONAL CHARTER FUND . Received bj Jobs Awfoxr . —Ipswich , per J . Cook as—Ditto , per ditto ( for Convention Fund ) 5 s—Cripplegate iocaHty , per A . E . Delaforce 7 s—Ship Locality , per J . Shaw 103 .-Total £ 17 s .
Denmark.—The Population Of The Kingdom O...
Denmark . —The population of the kingdom of Denmark , at the close of last year , was 1 , 415 , 807 souls ; viz ., 700 , 500 males , and 715 , 307 females . Those living in the towns amounted to 290 , 585 ; those in the country , 1 , 125 , 222- , sixty per cent , was reckoned as agriculturists , forty-three per cent , landedproprietors , and twenty per cent , servants i according to trades , 38 , 232 were engaged in shipping and the fisheries ; 32 , 568 civil or government officWi and 2 fi , 00 A clergy and teachers . The capital ( Copenhagen ) contains 168 , 584 inhabitants , and Jutland 604 . 648 , in which latter place 68 , 234 live in the towns , and 536 , 414 in the country . Tie wife of tho patriot Dembinaki , who accompanied him to America after the failure of tbe Hungarian war , was arrested a week ago on her return to Pcsth . She had , it is said , a forged French passport .
Dubing the oerformance of Adrienne Leeouver , the other night , at St . James ' s theatre , Mddle , Rachel , owing to the barking of a dog which had " been introduced into the theatre , was seixed with a nervous attack , aad compelled to retire . . >_
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Socialist Experiments. To The Editors Of...
SOCIALIST EXPERIMENTS . TO THE EDITORS OF THE ATHENiEUM . CrEKiiEMBN , —In your Journal of Saturday , 2 Gth of July , I notice your observations re spectmg my past aud present proceedings , and I thank you for the kindl y sp irit in which they are stated . But when you express opinions respecting my practical measures , permit me to say they are opinions stated without a knowledge ol facts upon the subject . . You imagine my theories have been tried m practice ; and herein is your mistake and the common error of the public .
There has been no attempt or approach to an attempt to appl y the princip les to practice which without ceasing for nearly half a century I have advocated . ¦ . . , Soon after I had developed principles which , from their undeviating consistency and accordance with facts , made a deep and extraordinary impression upon the governments of Europe and America , and upon the advanced and most truthful minds in both countries ,
including the members of our own government under Lord Liverpool ' s administration , who was himself , as well as his . Royal Hi ghness the late Duke of Kent , a . convert to my views ,- —I was strongl y urged by men of lead ing influence in this country to commence measures to apply the princip les to practice . 1 knew how utterly incompetent tht > public were at that period to understand the practice which would necessaril y emanate from those principles , or the extent of the change which they would produce throughout society . 1 was therefore most unwilling , - in the . then crude state of the public mind upon this subject , to encourage an attempt to carry my views into practice .
The application of tho princip les under most unfavourable circumstances in a limited and most imperfect manner at New Lanark in Scotland , had produced such extraordinary , unlooked-for beneficial results upon its population , and especially upon the children trained from infancy in the schools , that nothing would satisfy tbe sincere friends of progress and oi humanity unconnected with party or country , until I gave my consent to the ' British and Foreign Philanthropic Society , ' established in London to promote my views , that a subscription should he commenced to appl y the principles upon a sufficient scale to prove theiv efficiency in practice .
The Society requested me to inform them what sum would be necessary to fully aud laivl y iscertain tho result of tho princi p les in practice . I stated that , to do justice to the plans which I had to propose , and to ensure their success , would require a capital of seven hundred and fift y thousand pounds , and that I could not in justice to my views commence any preparatory measures with less than two hundred and fifty thousand pounds ; and that , until that sum was raised and in the banker ' s
hands , I would not undertake to begin a work which I knew would be the roost important task ever yet performed b y man ; but that no one but myself knew the extent of the change which the princi p les I advocated would effect in and throughout Society . The parties were naturall y surprised at the largeness of the sum required . But the Society commenced the subscription , which , with the then strong prejudices . of sect , class , and party , and their vested interests , so long established , all opposed to it , I knew could not succeed : but , to my surprise , fifty thou .
sand pounds were subscribed . And among tbe subscribers were some of the most practical men in the kingdom , as well as leading capitalists , and professional men of high standing ; -i-guch as Messrs . Strutt , oi Derby , for £ 5 , 000 ; James Morrison , Esq ., for the same sum ; Sir James Scarlett , for £ 1 , 000 , and offering , if I would proceed with the work , to make it £ 5 , 000 ; the late Mr . Rothschild ; Baron Groldsmid ; the Cashier ol the Bank of England ( Henry Hose , Esq . ); the present Lords Brougham and Dentnun ; and many others known for their practical knowledg e and Philanthropy .
Knowing as I did what was necessary to change the princip les and practices of society so long established in the minds and habits of all classes in all countries , I declined to accept this subscription , as I knew it would be quite inadequate for the object I had in view ; and , besides , at this period the mass of the population , including the middle and working classes , were ignorant of the principles , and quite incapable of comprehending the practice ; and even after my constant instruction of the public from that period to this , both princip les and practices are but imperfectly known to any , except a few who have systematicall y studied the principles , and who strive to imag ine what would be the result of their full application to practice .
True principles can always be applied to practice , provided adequate means are obtained . Who , with common sense , will deny that the princip les which I advocate are princip les of nature and therefore eternally true ? Who has had sufficient experience iu the various departments of the business of life to say with knowledge that these princi ples cannot be most advantageously applied to practice for the permanent benefit of the population , not only of Great Britain and Ireland , but of the world \
I now re-assert that whenever they shall be fully , fairly , and honestly applied in their entirety and purity to practice , they will produce results such as the world has never seen—no , nor , in the present crude and undeveloped state of the mind of the mass of mankind , are they competent to trace , step by step , in their imaginations , the innumerable , beneficial , and beautiful results which will necessarily emanate in practice from the divine , unchangeable principles of nature which I advocate .
It is only by a commission or committee of " Scientific and experienced men of business in every department of life " that the subject can yet be comprehended ; ibr it embraces tbe entire business of Society in one machine , in which all its parts , physical and mental , axe scientifically united , and so adjusted that each part is systematically adjusted to every other part , and that the whole when so combined will be complete to secure the rapid progress of the human race , in harmony and unity , to great goodness , hig h excellence , and perpetual happ iness .
Have you , Messrs . Editors , any , the most distant , conception of such a machine of Society ? Do you imagine that , with the insane instruction which has been hitherto forced into the minds of all classes , sects , and parties , over the world , —any of these individuals are competent to imagine or . to judge correctly of a machine to be constructed to perform in a superior manner all the business ot life in all countries thoug h succeeding ages i But such is the machine which I have always proposed for investigation . And do you imagine that it will not require a » Comjnttee j rf scientific and experienced men m eve . ) department of life" to g ive an opinion
deservin g of any attention respecting a compouSonewand so little likely to be com-Sended by the most practical men m their now div ! ded departm ents of life , or by sen ** Smen whose prac « cal kno wledge is only with individual sciences ? I have never yet commenced any such experiment . I have alway s known that it is as ^ possible to unite the system of societywhich I have always advocated ' with the preseninow worn out and most irrational system , asio unite oil and water , the two poks ; of Jhe Earth , the spirit of universal toty y \ fo the existing spirit of this world , or , m fact to nnite that which is Purely rat ional * ith
Socialist Experiments. To The Editors Of...
* u t . L-V ^ . - ^ ness mat which is grossl y irrational * Whayv with misery . Talk of any of the experiments which nave been tried being an experiment to try the truth of the princi ples which I advocate ! as weJ may you talk of giving a specimen of pure \ yalef with a compound containing nine tenths of grosa impurities . Those experiments to which you allude in your notice of my proceedings were not my experiments , nor commenced by me . They were experiments ontroled b y others , and none of them had more than a small portion of my views , with a large proportion of the old irrational system ot socie ty necessarily combined with them , and which w as sure to destroy them
. Do , therefore , my dear Sir , for the cause of truth and the practical benefit of the human race remove these errors and prejudices from the public mind , in order that it may be pre pared for the pure practice of true p rinci ples when the time shall come for it to admit of Truth in princi ple and practice and consistency in thought and action . Talk of failures of experiments on my principles ! Wh y this is the very earliest period when it would be practicable , in consequence ot the prejudices forced into the minds of all , for an attempt to be made to form a commonsense compound of Society to constitute a rational ' cominuuity .
Another , but a very natural mistake you have made . Because my name does not figure among those in the fashionable world a-ho attract the notice of the public , you imagine i am neglected . Never was there a greater misconception . I onl y wish my fellow creatures were half as well taken care of in their old age as 1 have been , or as comfortable , contented , and in the enjoyment of as much personal happiness as I experience . I would not exchange my unpopularity with minds tilled with the prejudices of the old world , the kindness of so many sincere friends , and the undisturbed quietness of my present enjoyments , for the patronage of all the authorities of the world . 1 have seen too much of tho
annoyance and discomforts attending popu larity , to have any desire for the slightest por tion of it—at my time of life especiall y . Your Friend , Robert Owen . Spring Grove , 8 th August , 1851 .
Alarming Accident On The South Eastern R...
ALARMING ACCIDENT ON THE SOUTH EASTERN RAILWAY .
The special through train , which started from Paris at half-past five on Tuesday morning for London , by the . Northern Eailway , was crowded with , visitors to tiie Exhibition from all parts of Europe , carrying a great quantity of lu ? gage , besides tome ot the return passengers from the fetes . On arriving at Boulogne the train was half an lioui uehind time , ami although the steamer made a jood passage , great delay occurred nt Folkestone , although the custom-house authorities used even v . xertion to expedite theclearing of the baggage . The
: ] uanties brought upon the platform exceeded the expectaiioiis of tho railway attendants , and carriage after carriage wa . s put on to the train , causing turtlier delay , so that the train , rostponed till three o ' clock , did not make a start till a quarter to four . Same little confusion was caused by a cairiago being run against on a turntable , and it was thi opinion of many of the passengers that one of th < guards was intoxicated , and although tho superintendent caused him to be brought forward for examination before the train left , tho same suspicion recurred alter the accident .
From the harbour at Folkestone a very steep curved branch leads to the main line on the upper eliftj having been made at a comparatively recent period to save passengers the trouble of getting into an omnibus in passing from the railway to the steamboats . On starting up this incline with a very heavy train , the coupling of the engine from some cause not yet explained gave way , smu the whole of the tram was precipitated down the incline to the alarm of tbe bystanders , who were aware that the line abutted on the sea cliffs . Tbe ungineinan instantly signalled the guards , and the brakes were put on , but the velochy of the train momentarily increased , for it was impossible fo : any brake to bring up suddenly or effectively on a
line so short and steep , and the train dashed on under the shed . Here some of the attendants am : workmen threw on to the rails planks and timber * which were at hand , and , although , this happily stayed the velocity and substituted a moderate concussion for a violent one , it might have beet , productive of roost serious consequences . The result of such a dangerous expedient is , in most cases , to throw the foremost carriage oft" tho line , when the others would have been doubled up ana smashed to pieces , causing an awful loss of life . Providentially the planks were thin and old , ana had the effect of slackening the train instead ol throwing it off . So great , however , was the " momentum of the train at this time that , ou arriving
at the end butters , the List carriage was precipitated over the cliff on to the shore below , fortunately containing luggage and no passengers , aud the tide being out . On the first shock the passengers forced the doora , and many rushed out in the greatest terror , some having the appearance of being severely wounded , and their faces covered with blood . From tho inquiries made , only about seven or eight persons were severely cut about the face , though few of the passengers escaped unbruised . Kono of the injuries required medical attendance , and all the passengers were able to proceed when the train was ready . A painter working under the shed had a narrow escape for his life in getting out of the way of the dashing train , and was only sli g htly injured .
The wheels , springs , and framing of the last carriage were dashed to fragments against the buffer springs , and the train was stopped ; but , singularly enough , and which shows the velocity given to the train , the luggage van was shorn clean oft and precipitated almost uninjured on to the beach . The last carriage but one was seriously damaged ; the bind axles driven in and the coupling rods bent up . The superintendent showed the greatest energy and zeal under the emergencYi signalled by telegrapn to Dover and Ashford for assistance , and immediately assembled a strong force of labourers to work at the wreck and reform the
tram . On the platform a very tumultuous acene presented itself . The Frenchmen congregated , exciting each other , and suggesting all kinds of im * practicable or idle expedients to prevent a recurrence of the accident . It was their general impression that English railways are so organised as to create accidents , and that this was got up to receive them in England . The Spaniards and Italians remained firm , and some of the English gentlemen , seeing that there was no want of their assistance on the train , used their best exertions in the reassuring their French fellow-passengers and attending to the ladies . The train was again started at a quarter to five , but did not get in till eight o ' clock , three hours and a half after time , when great confusion took place in the delivery of the vast pile of luggage , which was not cleared for three quarters of an hour , although cabs were summoned from all neighbouring points .
The First Chime Of Belis Is Upper Caxaoa...
The First Chime of Belis is Upper Caxaoa . —On Monday evening last tho long looked-for chime of bells were brought into town by the Messrs . Peter and Roger Smith . The union jack , floating over St . Paul ' s Church , denoted the place for which the bells were destined , A large procession , beaded b y the band of the Rifle Company , and displaying numerous banners , marched out of town to escort the bells in a proper state . Nothing could exceed the joy that appeared to animate our people as the procession marched through tho town to St . Paul ' s Church . The bells ( six m number ) were made by Mears , of London , England , and cost £ 500 , paid by the private contributions of the people of London ( not , we are proud to state ,
exclusively Episcopalians ) . Among the subscriptions are many liberal sums from Dissenting gentlemen , who , feeling a proper pride in the growing prosperity and religious zeal of the people of London , generously contributed to procure a chime ol bells that , although to be erected in St . Paul ' s church , will awaken all alike on each succeeding Sabbath to the duties that all Christian denominations wish their people to perform . The bells will be ready for trial on tho 20 th , when the people of the countrj will ( many of them for the first time ) have the pleasure of hearing the most grand , swceti a ud thrilling music that ever vibrated through the
forests of Upper Canada . —Montreal Weekly Herald . The Potato Disease . —We never saw the potato haulm and blossom so luxuriant as in this locality , but we are sorry to hear that in other neighbourhoods the disease has shown itself to some extent . We trust the reports may prove unfounded , yet it would be well for all who now are thankfully acknowledging the Divine blessing in the healthy appearance of this useful vegetable , to watch carefully the approach of blight or tendewy to destroy that which at present looks so hogeful . Tho drj season is felt to be a great ! pre . wstw * oi disease . — Hereford Journal .
The First Chime Of Belis Is Upper Caxaoa...
; jtoioiur n 7 _ - — - I wixbd - traHS ; - Ti , r- - - k-w- " . ¦ Establi shed 1845 . " rut j ostiim . " "Ifitwerepos ^ ble to * the working classes , by com biningr among themselves , to raise , or keep up the genera ] rate of wages , it need hardly bC said that this would hen thing not to be punished , but to be welcomed aud rejoiced at . " Stdabt Hill .
If laws are made for every degree , To curb vice in others , as well as in me , 1 wonder we havn't better company Upon Ti burn Tree . So sings the gay and reckless Mackheath , and the experiment -would be well worth trying , whether the laws are not capable of curbing the vicious propensities of some of the goa-head profitmongers .
There are tho Messrs , Holdfortli and Son , of Leeds- ^ a , touching history of whose imperious conduct appeared in the last number of the ' Northern Star , ' We quote the following paragraph , to -which we earnestl y call the attention of the working classes . After stating that au address had been printed and circulated , inviting their fellow workmen in other towns to form themselves into a general union for their mutual protection , it proceeds to state that , 'The address was drawn up aud inserted in one of the London
Weeklnewsy papers , which , by some means , found its way to our employer , who , ou reading it , became terribly enraged , aud determined at once to crush our infant society . With this object ho discharged ei ght men as being the leaders in trying to organise our trade . Not content with this , he wrote letters to all other employers in the trade , branding them as Unionists , and giving their names ; so that , let the men go where they would , they found themselves proscribed , set down as outlaws , and all honourable employment denied them . '
Unquestionabl y such conduct as this is illegal , and punishable . To have thus peremptoril y discharged these men for exercising their undoubted constitutionul ri ght , was mean and dishonourable ; but to conspire to prevent them obtaining other employment , is an intolerable and illegal assumption , that ought to be resisted . Surely the working classes will step in between these victims aud their oppressors . B y the machinations of Messrs . Holdforthand Son , all chances of employment in their trade appear to be cut off , unless , indeed , they stoop to sign the following insulting document : —
" That we do solemnly declare and affirm to have withdrawn from the society of Silk Dressers , in connexion with the " National Association of United Trades , and from all < iud every other similar association ; and further , that we do solemnl y affirm , that we will not aid or encourago any such societies , or any combination of men whatsoever . ' Now this looks very much like au attempt to administer illegal oaths . It is an affirmation having all the solemnity , and doubtless intended to have the same moral force upon men s consciences , as a legally administered oath .
Go to Messrs . Holdforth and Son ; we think you are treading very near that narrow iine which separates the legal from the illegal . Shame ! that these lords of the loom should so degrade their order , by such mean and petty tyrannies . We cannot too strongl y recommend the case of the oppressed Silk ! Dressers of Leeds to the attention aud sympathy of the working men f England . Communications , & c , to be addressed to Mr . Charles Woods , Prince of Wales , Bank , Leeds , Yorkshire .
It is refreshing to turn from these disagreeable topics to one of an opposite character . The Linsey weavers of Kendal have recentl y joined the National Association . They considered this step necessary by reason of several Injurious innovations and encroachments which had crept into the trade , affording sli g ht , if any , advantage to the employers , but which was a positive , unmitigated evil to the men b y virtuall y reducing their wages . They complained to the employers in a respectful
manner ; a Conference of masters and men was proposed and accepted , an arrangement come to , and the men restored to the position they occupied in 1845 , being an advance to them of twenty per cent . All honour to the employers for this just and judicious conduct . We sincerel y hope that this good understanding may be permanent , and that the weavers will show that such a conciliatory spirit is duly appreciated b y them , and is calculated to promote the mutual advantage and happiness of employers and employed .
We have to acknowled ge the generous aid in progress in Manchester , Derby , and other districts by the members of the amalgamated Societies of Mechanics , Engineers , & c . We shall be glad to be furnished with the amounts subscribed in each district , that they may be duly acknowledged in the balance sheet , which will be forwarded to all subscribers . We are happy to acknowledge the receipt of £ 45 on account of these subscriptions , from the London Executive Committee of that
numerous and important society . We hope our friends in all parts of . the country will forward any sums tbey have on hand , as immediate cash is required for future operations . William Peel , Sec . 259 . Tottenham-court-road . P . S . Secretaries or individuals who have sent money to the Central Defence Committee andhavenothad the [ official printed receipt , are requested to appl y for the same to Mr . George Greenslade , secretary , at the Bell Inn , Old Bailey , London .
Proposed Working Smiths Association.
PROPOSED WORKING SMITHS ASSOCIATION .
The following address has been issued to the Working Smiths of London and its environs : — Fellow Wobkjies , —The great author of our existence hath ordained that by toil ana sorrow we shall progress from ignorance and slavery towards liberty and happiness . The inexperience of our forefathers has caused many obstacles to our improvement , the most serious of which is that we have been pitted against each other to obtain by strife and contention tbosu necessaries and eonveniencca of lite wWch might be much easier and move effectually provided if ne were to cembine our energies in an- Association with brotherly kindness . Many and serious are the evils which this system of Competition entails upon us ; it gives to the fortunate in the- scramble extreme wealth , which nature denies them the- power to enjoy , whilst the many are doomed to a life of hopeless misery'and wretchedness . But God has decreed that thin
shall not alwajs be the lot of man , for we find that whilst he is totally ignorant and unable to help himself , he bears his degradation without pain and is comparatively Imppy , but no sooner does lie obtain a little intelli gence than he begins to manifest uneasiness whieb . increases with Ilia knowledge until his condition becomes unbearable , thus compelling him to take steps 16 improve his condition , and the ignorant attempts of government in various countries to impede hie efforts have often proved the destruction of tbe State . To guard against such folly and wickedness should be the anxious care of every good and loyal citizen . Circumstances at the present time seem eminently favourable to our progress . Capital and Labour , hitherto antagonistic , have already began to associate on just and equitable principles . Several
associations are now at werk and are progressing favourably . The smiths must riot lag behind . " First-born of tbe arts , " our place is in the van . Up then , fellow workmen , let us do onr duty . There are some five or six different societies in London without any connecting link . This the committee have found to be a generally admitted evil . A working association would remedy this evil—would form a connecting link , which ivouUl unite thera altogether , without imparing their usefulness or interfering with their individual arrangements . Especial attention is directed to a general meeting of the trade , which will be held in the Board-roomofthe Society for Promoting Working Men ' s Association , 76 , Charlotte-strect , Fitzroy-square , onTueaday evening , August 19 th , when 13 . V . Neal , Esq .. will take the chair , and the principles of association wjU be explained .
Makcbesibr Trades' Delegate Jmbbtikg .—A...
Makcbesibr Trades' Delegate jMbbtikg . —An aggregate meeting of Trades' delegates was held on Monday , the 11 th instant , at Mr . White ' s , Railway Inn , where there was a good attendance , and an unanimous feeling expressed to support the Tinplate Workers' case at all hazards . Messrs . Burn "White , and Golden addressed the meeting . A eeni tleman , on the part of Mr . Boberts ( who was out of town ) , was in attendance , and gave a renort of tho meeting , which was closed by a short addrefs from Mr . Dickenson , tho secretary , to the Defence Pom mittce , and adjourned to li ^ amSJSS
-Inuuir Mnmmnm
-inuuir mnmmnm
Hungeilfohd Hall . Sthaxd. On Saturday L...
HUNGEilFOHD HALL . STHAXD . On Saturday last we aitenued the private view of this esttablisliDibiit previous to its bi .-in < ' thrown 0 ]) en to the public . It compri .-es bazaars ? an i [[ u . mtiiated g »)\ erj , n theatre of optical illusions , a oior . im a and a apixrinii . i suire of refreshment rooms " » d will form a rfthiahle addition to the permanent attr actions of the imropolts . We believe the idea tLTlr ¦ slun R 8 ° exretoivc and v . - . ried nn Institu . Moior ! In ! lt 6 ( , illllie Tttngal Qf th 0 Rovfll ' ^ I ^^ fl " " pruM-Bftv bv affixed to the roods shown in tho CnstaTKiacr
h ™ uZSd Z ESS , ? ' , f . »*** « PossildeS tha iii / n , r » l « f . I F i " > ° » <* » ho 1 ' ark , with duplicates of the artiolcs exhibited' * h « . having tho prices marked and open for sale .- The projector ! had to deal , however , with more Imlfcy ami intractable materials than Alters . Henderson and Fox Bricks and mortar , and p i aster , are not so speedily put together . is iron ; ind plass ; and Ren ' co thVdeliW in the completion of the project , upon-which a verylargo sum of money has been -xpi-iidod . Tha beauty and adaptation of the buil-lint' to its
intended purposes can be but imperfectly estimated by a view of the exterior . The unsightly- ana " wretchedly desolate quadrangle , onco the fishmarket , is now occupied by a splendid and- ' wellcontrived structure , in wlii ' -h a b-iza -r and two theatres are included . In point of situation r . o nite could , wo opine , have been hotter chosen . Its natural local advantages , its immediate proximity Co the Susperisioij-bjidge , ro and from which the bazaars may be said to form the main road , will present an attraction to thel ir « e population on the Surrey side of the river , as well as to the vast multitudes that use the s-teamboats . The bazaars consist of an illuminate . ! avenue from the Strand side of the market 102 feet long , on each aide of which , stalls are arranged , Tne whole is to be continually illuminated with gas . Imiuedi . itely in front is the * entrance to the thi-atre of Bouton ' s Dioramas . Tha
hazaars are each 120 feet in length , cunmunicating together by pussayes , yet in from forming . separate establishments . One section of tho routing being constructed of plates of cast glass , produces a most agreeable effect . The fiist of the theatres is devoted , to the exhibition or phantasmagoria , or optical illusion , under the sole control and direction of I ' rolessor de Waldeck . Iu the low . r area , and immediately over vhe site of the old fish n . arket , is placed the theatre for the exhibition of dioramic views , painted by Al . Boutou . The vitws selected for the opening of this theaire are " The interior of St . Mark ' s Venice , " and The City and Valley of Friburg , in Switzerland . " The dioramic effects ia these two pieces are so managed as to produce the appearance of night and day . smrm and sunshine . In the latter view is represented a full of snow , the mostnatuial that can be conceived , while the effects exhibited in the former are not only novel in themselves but are positively the most sinking and
perfect illusions of the kind we ever witnessed . M . Bouton was ^' we believe , the originator ofdioramas ; and in his Interior of St . iMark s he still keeps ahead of all hiscompeiitors . We have nn doubt that heand his colleague , Professor de Walbeck , will be largely patronized by the public . The thentres arc Very handsome and convenient , each being calculated to accommodat-- CIJO or 700 per .-ons with great comfort . Attached to the theatre of Professor do Waldeck ( which is at the Strand entrance ) , is an elegant saloon for refreshments , together with a retiringroom for Indus , titled up with every possible convenience . The grand bazaar , to which you descend by a flight of steps , occupies a space of ground amounting to about CO , 01 ) 1 ) square feet . The admission to the bazaar and illuminated avenue is free . About 100 guesis attended the private view , amonett whom were Mr . Denial , M . P ., Mr . Dominic Coluaghi . and ! Messrs . Stuttly , Scaler , Evans , and Dr . Aioore , members of the committee of Hungerford Market .
VAUXUALL GARDENS . Mr . R . Wardell , the director of this place o amusement , took his benefit hero on Wednesday night , and an unusual variety of entertainments were provided for the occasion . The programme announced an entire change of performances ia every department ; but the great novelty of the evening was a " grand aeronautic race by three balloons , " the combatants ( so to speak ) being Mrs . Graham , Mr . Chambers , and Mr . II . Bull—all of whom it appeared had volunteered their services on the occasion . Balloon ascents have almost ceased to become matters of interest , except to those dealers in the marvellous who take delight in contemplating tho accidents which too frequently arise from them , but an ascent of three balloons
simultaneously , was an event of so novel a chavsxeter that it was well calculated to draw together a largo concourse of people . So favourable indeed was the result of this tempting announcement , that , though the clouds presented a most gloomy aspect , and thunder threatened from ail quarters , the people assembled in larger numbers than have ever been known before during the present management . Towards the time fixed upon for the ascent of the balloons the curiosity of tho spectators was excited to a remarkable degree . Within half-an-hour of tho time announced tho balloons were ready to ascend , but it was judiciously arranged that a minute and u half sliould be allowed to elapse between the asceits , in order to guard against the probability of ft collision . Mrs . Graham was accompanied by her daughter .
and a friend . Mr . Cham hers ( who occupied the "Locomotive" balloon ) , ascended alone ; and Mr . II . Bell was attended by two gentlemen . The ascents were certainly very peculiar , and were interesting from the excitement and cur ' osity they produced . The three balloons appeared to keep at a respectful distance apart until they had mounted to a considerable hei ght , when they gradually approached nearer and nearer to each other , and at last seemed to have established a sort of tria juncta in mo . . The wind did not appear to be unfavourable , although the weather was not-ultogether so auspicious as might have been wished ; and tho triple ascent must be pronounced to have been quite successful , as far as could be judged from external appearances . The aeronauts descended in the neighbourhood of Lee , and arrived safely at the Gardens at half-past eleven o ' clocis .
ASTLEY'S . Tho popular spectacle of Maxeppa still continues to attract overflowing houses . Crowds of provincial visitors besiege the doors at an early hour , and wonder , united with pleasure , is visibly depicted upon every countenance , and testified by thunderclaps of applause at the varied and novel performances at this national establishment . Mazeppa and Olinska are abl y impersonated by Mr . N . T . Hicks and Miss Penton ; and Barry , as Drolinsko , keeps " the audience in a roar . " The appearance of the house , during the scenes in tho circle , was grand in tbe extreme , displaying , as it did , at a
glance , the immense multitude of visitors . The platforms and steps in the last scene of tho spectacle formed an excellent gallery for tho surplus audi , ence in the circle , rising tier over tier , reminding us of the most palmy days of Grimaloi . Where alt was excellence it would be invidious on our part to criticise the various merits of the artistes in tha circle , suffice it to say that we never saw better and , perhaps , nothing that equalled the equestrian performance in tho ring . Jack Junk , a Stirling good farce , in which Air . Smith ably pourtrays tho eccentricities and hearty goodness ot a British tar , concludes tbe varied entcrtainmenta of the evening .
The Expei-Xied Pakx Pkdlabs.— The C?.O» ...
The Expei-XiEd Pakx Pkdlabs . — The c ? . o » of Mrs , Hicks and others in a similarly , aad plichfc continues to excite considwable attention . - About £ 70 has been subscribed for the evicted proprietor of the stone cottage , and other smaller sums for her fellow-sufferers . Mr . W . Conningham , of Kemp Town , writes to the Times that one Lacy and his wife kept a fruit stall at Victom JGate for twenty years , and his father ten years previously , by permission of Lord Sydney , the Ranger . " The father of lacy , now dead , had been so-terriSed by a keeper with threats of expulsion , -that h © waa induced to pay him a weekly sum of 3 s .. Ghurleg Lacy himself made acme of these payments , and ened wih
falling in arrear , waa threat t ., having his goods seized for tbe money . He wroie , to > the Commissioners of Woods and Forests- for 'time . " The matter was inquired into , the payment stopped , and the keeper reprimanded . This-keeper , strange to say , still holds his situation in the . Payfe , while Mrs . Lacy is nearly out of her sonaesfrom excitement consequent upon being turned out of it , and thus deprived of the means of ; supporting hex * family . '" The couple have uniinpe & ehable characters . Jossph Spieer and hi * wife kept a stall : near Grosveoor Gate , by written . permission of the . late Duke of Cambridge . Spioer is crippled ia the wrist ; be has two daughters . ; - ia great distress ., xney can have excellent chasacters : Denis Keefe now in Kensington Workhouse , kept a stall near
Apsley House , by pcraiiaaion , of the Beraf Hanger . Excellent character ; aged and infirm turned out without any pjotence : Now " break ' ^ L } V " iD . n he wprkJwme . WiUfom Gwtal Olina , Dae & wife and daughter ; he is in a d ; state , He kept a stall by permission of Lord ? ' petb .. «« The site of Lacy ' s stall is now occr by another perion , and there are several stall tents still permitted to remain in Kensinj Gardens . " Mr . Conningham says— ' * These p people shall be relieved ; but I would ask tb noble Lords and Commissioners whether they ir gine such crying injustice will be tolerated in t country on the plea that tho stalls mig ht mleri . « itu too Crystal or any other Pa ace ? . n ¦ J * served W if Mr . Conningham ' s ^ itetojjntt £ all , there was not even a Pretfc ® 1 'Xnded by people , as they do not appear to have oftmdea vy building i «» hut , " like Ann Hicks , ¦ =.. ,
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Aug. 16, 1851, page 5, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_16081851/page/5/
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