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6 THE NORTHERN STAR. March 17, 1849.
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Health of London bcking the Week.—By the...
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Dublin, Saturday.t'Rss'istavce to tub' R...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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6 The Northern Star. March 17, 1849.
6 THE NORTHERN STAR . March 17 , 1849 .
&Fje Iwtropo Ii*
& fje iwtropo ii *
Health Of London Bcking The Week.—By The...
Health of London bcking the Week . —By the Ragistrar-General's report , we learn that a decided improvement in the public health has occurred during the week ending March 10 . The deaths registered in Loudon , which in the three previous weeks were respectively 1 , 225 , 1 , 191 , 1 , 138 , have declined to 1 , 047 , or 122 less than the winter average . A remarkable improvement has occurred in the mortality from epidemics ; whereas this class of diseases was fatal in the three previous weeks to 333 , 318 and 310 persons respectively ; in the last week the , deaths were only 243 , which is little above the average . Small-pox does not prevail much at present ; measles is unusually low . Scarlatina and hooping cough show a decrease on the previous weeks ; and L ¦ | ' " ' f
now the mortality from the former does not mucu exceed the average . The deaths from hooping cough were 69 , which is more than the average by 27 . Tvphus has fallen to the average , namely , ii deaths . * Patal cases of diarrhoea and dysentery were 21 , beinf 7 more than the average : of cholera , only 15 , though in the three preceding weeks they were 49 , 40 , and 35 . Ofthe 15 , two occurred m Warburton's Lunatic Asylum , Bethnal-green ; o m the workhouse of St . George in the East . The mortality from diseases ofthe organs of circulation is also unusually low . Three men died of delirium tremens ; a man and a woman of ^ ptemperanco ( both cases attended with epilepsy ); also a woman from falling in ihe street when drunk . A woman died in Mde-End , " eight days after childbirth , of typhoid fever , from previous poor living . " A man of 34 years '
died " of " intestinal disease—obstruction of colon through its whole length , " ( post . mart ) . The obstruction had continued thirty-four days , but was removed by medical aid before death . The patient had taken opium medicinally for the last nineyears , aud latterly in doses of three and sometimes four half drachms daily . The mean height of the barometer was about 30 in . daily , except on Wednesday , Thursday , and Friday ; the highest , which was on Thursday , was 30 , 385 . ^ The thermometer was highest on Sunday , when it was 60 deg . ; the highest of each day fell almost continuously to 42 deg . on Friday . The mean temperature of the week was 43 deg . The mean temperature of each day continued above that ofthe same day on an average of seven years , till Friday . The wind was for the most part in the south-west , till Thursday , whenit veered to north and north-west . The number of births
during the week was l , o 44 . The Attempt to Assassixate Mr . Southgate . — Since the commission of this gross outrage , the police have been on the alert to discover the guilty parry , and on Wednesday week Thomas Tipping , an active ofiicer belonging to the P division , succeeded in apprehending a gipsy named Ayres , whom he suspected to be the person who had so seriously injured Mr . Southgate . His suspicion was directed to Ayres principally on two grounds—the one was , that in the morning on which the outrage had been perpetrated he-had shifted from . in encampment , where he had been located for some time before ; and the other the reports in circulation that he entertained a feeling of hostility towards Mr . South , gate for some imaginary ill done or about to be done to one of his family , and he ( Tipping ) in consequence sought him out . On Thursday week Ayres was examined before the Baron De Tessier and a
bench of magistrates at Epsom , when the circumstances above mentioned were stated to the bench , and a' smock frock belonging to the prisoner was produced , on the front of which there was a large stain of blood . The prisoner on that occasion prcserveda strict silence , and had not given the officer the slightest explanation ofthe stain of blood upon his frock . He was remanded to Horsemonger-lane Gaol until Mr . Southgate is considered fit to appear against him . It is the opinion of Tipping , the officer , and others , that the wound on theear of Mr . Southgate was innicted with the point of his own stick ; and that his assailant , on finding him prostrate at his feet , innicted the slanting wound supposed to be done by a pistol balL This opinion is
confirmed by the fact that when the stick was picked up and exanrned it was found that about two inches of the end , including the ferule , were deeply stained with blood , and that four inches above this part were spotted , leading to the presumption , therefore , that the lower part had been fixed in the wound , and that the blood s purting from the wound itself had caused the splashed appearance . Melascholt Occekbexce ox the River Lea . — Two Lives Lost . —On Saturday night last an extraordinary and painful sensation was created in Hackney , by a report that two medical gentlemen and a female bad lost their lives on the river Lea . From inquiries made , the following particulars of the melancholv occurrence may be relied on : —It
appears tbat a gentleman named Robertson , a student at King's College , and residing at 1 , Upperterrace , Islington , and a fellow student , whose name is unknown , induced a young female , Hannah Murray , living as domestic in Robertson ' s lod g ings , to accompany them to the river Lea , which they reached about five o'clock . They hired a pleasure boat at the Jolly Anglers , and had proceeded as far as the Horse-shoe Point , when Robertson ' s friend leaned over the boat to secure the rudder lines . The female , fearing his precipitation into the water ,. unfortunately suddenly left her seat , which causedthe boat to turn keel uppermost , when all the three were immersed in the watery element . While in the act of sinking the unknown gentleman
clung to Murray . The melancholy catastrophe was witnessed by a barge-man , who promptly used his hiteher , and brought up the body of the female , which was conveyed to a neighbouring house , where , after lengthened efforts , Mr . Jones , surgeon , succeeded in restoring animation . Half an hour elapsed before the bodies of Robertson and his friend were got out . The latter Lad the female ' s shawl bound tightly round his right arm . Every effort made to resusciate the nnfortunate gentleman proved fruitless . On Tuesday Mr . Baker held an inquest at the Robin Hood public-house , High-hill , Hacknev , respecting the deaths of J . J . It . Robertson , aged 21 , and T . W . C . Hairby , aged 24 , medical students , who were drowned in the River Lea .
Margaret Murray stated that on Saturday last she accompanied Hairby to the Jolly Anglers , adjoining the River Lea , Upper Clapton " , where he hired a small boat which was only sufficient to hold two persons , and shortly after she had embarked with Hah-byi Robertson came up and requested to be taken in . The boat was put back , and Robertson jumped in and sat down by the side of witness . Some persons who were standing on shore cautioned Hairby and Robertson not to proceed in the boat , as it was too small to hold three persons , and that it was dangerous to remain in her . Hairby took charge ofthe sculls , and Robertson held oneof the steering-strings and witness the other . The boat had not proceeded far when Hairby said he was tired
of rowing , and requested Robertson to take the sculls . ' They both stood upright , and Hairby attempted to pass Robertson , and in doing so they both leant on one side , which caused the boat tb heel over and it began to fill . They became much alarmed , and the deceased immediately caught hold of witness , and the boat instantly capsized and turned keel upwards . W . Waller , a * bargeman , said his attention was attracted by hearing violeat screaming for assistance , rind lie saw three persons in the water . Witness was in a barge , and he quickly reached the spot and succeeded In rescuing Murray The deceased , after swimming a short time , sank , and their bodies were not recovered until half an hour afterwards . The jury returned a verdict of 'JAccidental death . "
Warehouse Ecoxour . —An inquest was held on Saturday , before Mr . Wells , at the King ' s Arms , Short ' s-gardens , Brury-lane , on the body ofM . Reynolds , late an inmate of St . Giles ' s workhouse , aged sixty-two . Elizabeth WorralL another inmate of the workhouse stated that on Thursday ni ght de ^ ceased returned with her to the workhouse about nine o ' clock . She was perfectly sober . Just as they entered the hall the deceased missed her footing , there being no light , and fell head foremost down the kitchen-stairs . Witness fell after her and tumbled on deceased . She called for assistance ; the nurse came and removed witness , but deceased was quite dead . —Coroner : " Was there no light ?" —Witness : " So , sir , and the stairs are very dangerous . The least thing would throw any one Sown them . "—Thomas , the summoning officer " The lights are extinguished at ei g ht o ^ lock . "Coroner-: —" That ' s very ill-advised economy , by which human life has been- sacrificed . " —Verdict :
" Accidental death , accompanied by a recommendation from the jury that the . guardians should withoTUrdelay erect a small door at the head of the kitchen-stairs . The coroner directed Thomas to forward the recommendation to the guardians . IJabrow Escape of Five Persons fhom Suffocation . —On Tuesday evening , whilst Mr . W , Payne was holding an inquest at the Bull , in Tooley-street , the following extraordinary case , and narrow escape of five persons on board the Begownam Maid , was related to him by Mr . Mead , the summoning officer : —The vessel , which belonged to Wales , had a few days since arrived in the London pool , and had been moored off Topping ' s Wharf , where she remains . The night being excessively cold , the crew consisting of five men , made up a large fire , with Welsh coal , in the forecastle , and previous to retirin < r to
rest they put down the forecastle hatch . In the morning ihe watchman was surprised atfindin ^ BO one making his appearance from below . ° He knockedand called from above but without receiving any answer . This induced him to open the hatchway and go below , where he found the five personsj lying in their . berths , with blood issuing from then * mouths and noses , and they appeared quite dead . They were taken on to the deck , and two medical gentlemen were sent for , and thev declared that they men were labouring- under the effects of some noxious vapour . —An " examination having been made , it was clearly ascertained that the Welsh coal brought in the vessel , and which had been burned in the forecastle , contained a lar ^ c mwntjty of sulphur , the vapour from which had ? 0 fcUedthe cabrn , as to overpower the men whilst thev ; '
Health Of London Bcking The Week.—By The...
were asleep . - The most prompt measures were resorted to by the medical men to restore the unfortunate men , and after the lapse of nearly twelve horns , thev were pronounced out of danger .
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Warwickshire . -Awfci . j « .- « u ™ y week Mr . G . Grcenway , coroner , held an inquest at the Kin »' s Arms , Kenilworth , on the body of Miss Ann Stewart , aged 1 G , a daughter of General Stewart . It appeared from the evidence of John Pu"h . coachman to the General , that on Thursday afternoon , about three o ' clock , he heard one of his master ' s horses making a strange noise in the stable , and on going to the spot he found Miss Stewart under the horse . The animal was standing close by the side of the stall , and the deceased was doubled up under it . The blood was issuing from deceased ' s head , and there was a large pool of blood in the stable . The deceased usedto caress and feed the horse occasionally , and it was remarkably quiet and seemed sensible of her attention . In the opinion of the witness tbe deceased was feeding the horse , when he , in play , knocked her bonnet off , and it fell on the ground ; that he then became frightened , and , knocking her down , kicked her on the nead , as he found her bonnet on the floor of the stable , and the off hind heel of the horse was covered with blood . "When he extricated deceased life was quite extinct . The jury returned a verdict of " Accidental death . " The young lady was highly respected by the whole neighbourhood , and the melancholy event has thrown a gloom over the district . Leicestershire . —Riot by Workmen . — During the past five weeks the hands employed at the Leicester sock branch , and other parts of the frameknitting trade , have been on strike for an advance of wages , and subscriptions have been opened for maintaining them until they could obtain tho advance sought for . During this period a few persons have gone to work at Belgrave and also at Thurmaston . On the 2 d inst a man named Dilely , who had partaken of the subscription raised , went to work , and said that he had got the advance demanded . His fellow-workmen did not believe him , and on the followin g Monday Jonah Dakin and Jesse Brewood went to his shop and commanded him to come out . The man , however , refused , when the two entered and commenced maltreating him , and he was obliged to defend hhuself with an iron rod . The parties having departed , a crowd of between 300 and 400 persons went to a house kept by a person named Oswins . An effigy was carried by the mob , and several shots were fired at it . The mob next fired into Oswin ' s window , but fortunately without striking their man . Various other acts of outrage were committed , and ultimately thirteen of the rioters were taken up and sent for trial .
Hinckley Petty Sessions . —Thomas Coley , a poor day-labourer , was brought before the court by Mr . Henry Moore , farmer and overseer of the parish of Dradlington , to show cause why he refused to pay the sum of Is . and 8 d . for poor rates due to the said parish . The poor man said with much earnestness and feeling that he could not pay for the following reasons , or he would not object : "I work for 10 s . per week wages . My house rent is Is . 9 d . per week . I have a wife that can earn scarcely anything at all , and three children , all under seven years of age . That is my case , gentlemen . " Mr . Heming said to Mr . Moore : " You hear this poor man's case . Kow do you think , as a conscientious man , that that family can be maintained for a less sum than 8 s . 3 d . per week , or that that man can pay rates for the relief of the poor ? You must know that it cannot be done . Nevertheless , if you say—and say it officially—that you ' believe he can pay , the bench has no alternative but to enforce the payment . The consequence will be , that a warrant of distress will be issued upon his foods and chatties , and you will make the poor onest labourer a pauper at once . " Mr . Moore said that the gentlemen at Dadlington had had a vestry meeting , and they had every one agreed that the defendant was able to pay the rate , for he was better off than some others of the parish who did pay , for their families were larger than his . Hi * . Hemming said it was a shame that any of those men should be required to pay . Payment , however , must be ordered . Thomas Coley and some other poor labourers belong to Shenton and other parishes , but they are compelled to live at Dadlington , because there is not a single house in the parish where they belong , and where they work , for them to live in . The owners in that parish will not have any built ; and those parishes where they do live , compel them to pay rates in order to get rid of them . Sussex . —Defalcation at a Saving Bank . —The committee of management ofthe Brighton Savings Bank have been engaged in a very arduous inquiry , arisino : from the misconduct of their actuary , Mr . Buckoll . The first suspicion of anything wrong was raised soon after the late annual general meeting , when a discrepancy of £ 100 was discovered in what are called "extra profits , " and which Buckoll , on being called upon , could not explain . Other discrepancies were also detected with the same result , and , at a meeting of the committee , a member was about to move a resolution declaring the incompetency of Mr . Buckoll ( who had not attended ) for his situation as actuary , when a letter was handed in from Mr . Buckoll , in which he admitted that there were defalcations in the accounts , but appealed to the committee , for merciful consideration on account of his innocent wife and family , and offered to make up any deficit from his private property . The case now assumed a more grave aspect , " and a warrant was immediately issued to secure the attendance of Buckoll , but which , up to the present moment , has not been executed in consequence of his absence . The accounts were found to have been kept in a most confused manner , some accounts being closed which were still current , and entries made in the general ledger ( upon which the returns are made to government ) which did not agree with those of the class ledger and the depositors' books . Upon the cxnmination hitherto made , tbere appears a deficit of about £ 850 ; and of course a large number of accounts remain to bo examined . Under these circumstances , a sub-committee was appointed to proceed to London to consult with Mr . Tidd Pratt , and see the comptroller general of savings banks , and the advice of this latter gentleman was , that no further deposits should be received , or payments made , until the accounts had been thoroughly inspected . The committee , consequently , at a meeting held on Friday , passed a resolution recommending the managers to close the Bank for deposits and payments until this has been done , and to call in the books of all the depositors . The depositors , however , says the Brighton Herald , need be under no alarm on this account . The position ef the bank is such as to secure them from loss . The amount of deposits is about £ 120 , 000 : and the bank has the sum of £ 110 , 000 invested in government securities , and . there is a further sum of £ 1 , 700 arising from the accumulation of " extra profits , " and which will , of course , be applicable to any deficiency that may not be covered by the property or the sureties of the defaulter . The amount of security given by Mr . Buckoll is , we understand , £ 600 , and his sureties are the London Guarantee Society . It cannot be denied that the managers of the bank have not shown that care and vigilance -which were required of them , or this state of things couldnot have arisen . THE MURDER AT BRISTOL .
Bristol March 12 . —The remains or the murdered lady , Miss Elizabeth Jefferies , were removed to their last resibisf p lace this morning-, the spot selected being a vault in the Bristol Cemetery . The funeral was strictly a private and a plain ore , every ostentation being , for obvious reasons , avoided by the relatives ofthe unfortunate deceased . The police are actively engaged in investigating the affair , and have hitherto proceeded with very great . skill and caution . They have succeeded in discovering the flyman who drove the prisoner , with her boxes , to Horfield on the day ofthe murder . The deposition of the flyman is to the effect , that he took the prisoner np on St . Michael ' s hill , and that at the tune when she engaged his fly she was standing on the pavement , and her boxes were by her side . At this time she had no person at all with her , and , after engaging his fly , and seeing that all her boxes were stowed away—in doing which she was very particular—she told him to wait a bit , and she then went to a greengrocer's shop , which was not very far off , and brought out a bandbox , which it seems " she had left there some little time before , and whjch , in all probability , was the one which was found under the girl Sarah Thomas's bed , and in which was found concealed several articles of jewellery . After this box had been safely placed away with the rest the prisoner entered the fly , and desired the flyman to drive her to the " stop-gate , " on the road to Gloucester . He did so , and put her down at a turning which passed down by the lane-way leading from Ashley Down , and where her father's house was situated . Tbere was no one with her , or waiting for her , and she did not have any conversation with a single individual the whole way . As is customary in these cases , tho most absurd , improbable , --arid sometimes contradictory reports have been afloat . On Thursday , March 8 th , the coroner , Mr . J . B . Grindon , commenced the inquest on the body ofthe deceased , Elizabeth Jefferies , at the Griffin Inn , and having detailed to the jury at considerable length the prmeipal factsof the case , he observed that the gentlemen present were no doubt aware that m cases of suspected murder the first , as he was the most important witness , should always be the medical man . He should therefore propose , before he took any considerable amount of evidence , that they should adjourn their- proceedings , and direct Mr . Bernard , surgeon to the Bridewell and to the police force , to mike a post morfemexamination of the body . Previous , however , to that , and-to their going to view the body , he thought it might fa ' cilitate the investigation to take briefly some evidence from the brother of the deceased . Hexbt Jefferies was then called , and havingalso minutely detailed ihe circumstances of gaining admission to the house , and other facts which have al-
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ready appeared , he proceeded to observe that when he entered" the bedroom of his sister and saw bellying on the bed , from what he observed he was convinced that she died from violence , and bein » a surgeon he was sure that violence could not have been inflicted by herself . ~ In addition to the blood on her face , the pillow and bolster were completely saturated with blood . The jury then proceeded to view the body , but such was the excitement created , that it was only by the most strenuous exertions that they made their way through the crowd . The body presented a most frightful appearance , the head being completely beaten in . The deceased appears to have been a strong muscular woman . The right leg , projected from the bed , and her left was drawn up as if she had been in the act of getting out of it , probably in order to grapple with her assailants . The jury having viewed the body returned to the inquest room , when
Henry Jefferies was recalled , and stated , that by bis directions the police had searched the house for property and he particularly mentioned to them ft certain tin box in which his sister kept several valuables . It was found in a closet , without the padlock which she always kept on it . It was not empty , but was not nearly so full as it used to be . He also directed the sergeant to search for a nest of drawers , which he knew was generally full of valuable jewels . When found it was without some of the drawers , aud it had been pillaged . There was likewise a peculiar silver cruet-stand made of filagre silver ; one article of it , however , only was found . He had since seen a quantity of property at the station-house , and he recognised several
articles of jewellery which he could identify . Michael Cokp , police-sergeant , No . 2 , sworn , said that on Wednesday afternoon , by direction of the superintendent , he , accompanied by police-constable 58 , went to the house ofthe deceased . They managed , by going through the next door , No . 5 , to get into the back premises . They found the back door fast , but by drawing the staple they gained admission to the kitchen . He could not judge what meal had last been taken there , but he saw a piece of liver on the board . There was no fire , but the fender looked as if it had been left in the act of being cleaned . The witness then gave the particulars of his search with Mr . Jefferies , and continued—that from information which he
received he went in search of the prisoner , and found her at her father ' s house . Her father was a labourer , residing at Horfield . The door was opened by an elderly woman , who said—Mr . Day , solicitor , stated that he attended on behalf of the accused , and he objected to any conversation Being received as evidence unless the girl Sarah Thomas was present at the time . The ConojfKR observed , that he might recognise Mr . Day in the character of attending for the accused , but he could not allow him to interfere . He did not know that any one was charged ; but Mr . Day must know that any one suspected of murder would be taken into custody . If he ( the coroner ) took down anything improper , he was responsible
for it , but not to any one present . The witness continued , that the mother denied all knowledge of her daughter being in the house , and said she had not seen her husband for a month . Oh searching the house , besides the articles already mentioned they found several articles of jewellery in a bandbox under the bed , in which a little Igiri was sleeping , and from which he believed the prisoner had gone when they entered the house , as they found her in the coal-hole only partly dressed . [ The articles were here handed to Mr . Jefferies , who recognised them , and said'he knew that his Sister valued them as relics of other days , and she was not at ah likely either to have given them away or to have sold them . ] Witness , that morning ,
accompanied by police-constables 4 ( i and So , made alurthor search of the house , and hanging behind the backkitchen door they found a corded petticoat stained with blood , which they were told belonged to Sarah Thomas . Isabella Fey deposed , that she was the wife of Thomas Fry , turnkey at Bridewell . She resided at No . 5 , Trenchard-strect . She had lived there five years , and the deceased was her landlady , but she never saw her unless when she went to pay her her rent . She never saw her servant , but a tenant of hers knew her well . On Saturday morning last , about ten minutes past five o ' clock , she was in bed with her husband , when she was awakened by a very great noise in Miss Jefferies '
house , which apparently proceeded from the front bedroom . The noise was like a person crying or screaming ; she did not hear any noise like blows . A tenant of hers , Mrs . Ham , came aud asked her if she heard the noise , and she said she did , and she supposed that it was Miss Jefferies calling up the servant , and that they were quarrelling , adding , that from the noise the old woman must be lulling her . Mrs . Ham asked if she should knock at the wall , and witness told her to do so . She knocked , and almost immediately the noise ceased . About seven . o'clock the same morning there was a knock at her door , and being only partly dressed she asked Mrs . Ham to go down ana answer it . She went down , . and witness heard a female voice which she was afterwards told was Miss Jefferies' servant , say "that Miss Jefferies had sent her into say ske hoped Mrs . Fry was not alarmed at the noise , for it was a cat had got on the bed and had frightened her mistress
and that her mistress was afraid that they were killing each other . " Mrs . Ham said , " I thought it was you crying . " The girl replied "No , it was the cat got on the bed . " Mrs . Ham said , " Oh , it was no cat , for I have heard you cry before in the yard ; " and the other then said " She is such a good-for-nothing woman , or wretch , that I cannot live with her . Witness did not observe that the house was closed that day , but her servant told her it was closed Saturday and Sunday , and she herself saw it closed Monday and Tuesday . On Tuesday some persons came and knocked , and no answer was returned . Witness said it was very strange , . and her servant looked up at the window and said she believed Miss Jefferies was up , for she could see a looking-glass , a time-piece , . and the corner of a bed-post . The next morning her servant went again and looked up , and then the green blind was down . She said , she thought Miss Jefferies was ill , but witness said , how could that be ? and , besides , her back window was
open . Mrs . Ham confirmed the statement of this last witness as to the conversation that had taken place between her and the g irl Sarah Thomas , She also said she heard the noise in Miss Jefferies' bedroom ; it was about five minutes past five . It was a noise as of a person crying or screaming . She knocked at the door , and after that heard no more noise . On Friday morning the investigation was resumed . The accused , Sarah Thomas , was furnished with a chair . She looked well , but her demeanour was by no means so callous as before , and at one part of the evidence she burst into tears and remained with her handkerchief to her eyes during the rest of the proceedings . The following is the
evidence as to the post mortem examination : — Ralph Montague . Bernard , having been sworn , deposed that he is a surgeon , and resides at 18 , Richmond-terrace , Clifton .. Yesterday afternoon he made a post mortem examination of the body of the deceased , in the presence of Dr . Farebrother , Mr . Evans , Dr . Bowly , and Mr . Bowly . After describing the external appearances of the body , and the clothes in which it was dressed , he proceeded to say that the head was covered with a nightcap , which was saturated with blood on the left side . The pillow and bolster , and also a part of the bed , were
bloody , as was also a chair by the side of tho bed ; and a * stream of blood , about an inch wide , extended from the bedside to the wall near the door , where it formed a pool . The face was livid and bloody ; the chest and abdomen livid . On tho left band was a contused wound of the thumb and forefinger . There were three contused wounds on the left side ofthe forehead . On the top of the head , in the centre , extending from the coronal suture backward , was a contused wound , two inches long . A little to the right of this was a contused wound , like the letter Y , one and an ei g hth inch long . On the left of the central wound was also a contused wound of the
same description . At the back of the head to the left of the occipital protruberance , was a contused wound , threeKwartera of an inch in . length . To the left of this , and below it , was an abrasion of the skin , one and a half inch long . The wounds appeared to be recent and death must have taken place soon after then * infliction . They were such injuries as the deceased could not have inflicted on herself . [ The girl , Sarah Thomas , here burst into tears . ] On removing the scalp it was found that the occipital bone was minutely injected with florid blood ; There was an extravasation of blood on the left temporal muscle , and also under the scalp , at the lower and front parts of the parietal corresponding to the external ecehymosis . On removin g the dura
mater a layer of blood was observed effused under the arachnoid membrane . The vessels of the right hemisphere were congested ; the left was natural . In tho ches ^ ar id abdomen there was no mark of disease or injury sufficient to cause death . He concluded the cause of death to be concussion and compression of the brain , which the external appearances were sufficient to account for , and in his opinion did cause it . The injuries could not have been inflicted by a sharp instrument , but must have been caused by a blunt one . He had no doubt whatever that the deceased died immediatel y after receiving the injuries , and that her death was caused by those injuries . The inquest at this stage of the proceeding was adjourned till Tuesday . °
ADJOUHNED INQUEST . March 13 th . — -The interest consequent on the horrible murder of Miss Jefferies at Bristol continues to increase , and . at the resumption of the inquiry before the coroner this day the most intense anxiety was manifested . The inquest-room and all the approaches to it were so densely crowded that - ' it was with the utmost difficulty the jurors or witnesses could fulfil their duties . The list of the mrors having been called over , Mr . Bernard , surgeon was recalled in reference to the appearances presented by
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the room when he was first ' called into seethe body ofthe deceased . He stated that the floor was strewn with linen and papers , and leaning against the fireplace was a clothes-horse , having upon it a woollen counterpane it was not , however , sumcient fully to conceal the fireplace . Witness and Inspector Bell , after looking at the body made a search for a weapon , and when looking at . the ^ replace to see if the fire-irons were stained with blood , they observed aflat stone , like a piece of a pavingstone , in the fire-place . They did not examine it particularly at the time , thinking that it had been P hced there for the purpose of making the firenlace smaller . There were no marks of blood on Se poorer tongs . On Thursday , while witness
was engaged in making the post mortemi examination , Inspector Bell came to the room and took the stone from the fire-place and put it m witness s hands . He looked at it , and saw that there were marks of blood upon it , and also grey hairs , ihe hairs had been divided , and had not comoircm the head by the root . Dr . Fairbrother , at the suggestion of Inspector Bell , tried the corner ofthe stone to one of tho wounds in the forehead , and found that it exactly corresponded . Witness had no doubt that the stone produced the wounds , or , at all events , that the injuries were caused by such a stone . ( The stone was here produced . It was of an irregular square shape , about two inches thick , and bore upon it marks of blood and some
fragments of grey hair . It was part of a paving-stone , and weighed nearly 41 b . ) -Alfred Bell , inspector of police , corroborated the statement of Mr . Bernard as to the finding the stone with which the murder is supposed to have been committed . From information which he received the same night , accompanied by Sergeant Corp , Sergeant Somers , and pohceconstable Elmes , 40 , he went to Horfield , to the house of a man named Thomas . After much trouble they entered the house , and found the young woman present , answering to the name of Sarah Thomas , in a coal-hole under the staircase . Elmes saw her in the act of closing the door , aud said , " Come out of that ; it ' won't do . " She had on a night cap and a pair of slippers . In other respects she appeared
to be in a day dress . She took off her night cap , and " threw it with great viciousness into the fireplace . " He then took her into custody . —By a juror : They were detained at the door long enough for her to have put on these articles of clothing . On her being brought out ofthe coal-hole , ho asked her " When she had left her mistress , at Trenchardstreet ? " She' said , " On Friday last . " He asked her " Who brought her boxes up ? " and she said " She employed an Irishman , and gave him sixpence for the job . " After having been duly cautioned , she said , "You may take me into custody ; but it was not I that did it . " This was after he had told her that . he took her into custody on a charge of murdering her mistress . She seemed very uneasy
in her mind whilst the house was being searched . This witness and policeman Somers and Elmes , and Mr . Cridland , housekeeper and searcher at the central police station , then deposed to the search of the prisoner's father ' s house , particulars of which have already been given , and produced the property found , viz . —four silver table-spoons , a gravy spoon , and a box , found in tho coal-hole ; a gold watch , chain , and seals , found in the bedroom ; and twentyseven sovereigns , four half-sovereigns , and some other monies , found in the prisoner's pocket . Mr . ; Cridland also produced five silver teaspoons found in the prisoner ' s stocking at the time when she was searched at the station-house . The most important evidence ofthe day was that of
Police Constable M'Clymont , under whose charge the prisoner , Sarah Thomas , had been since her apprehension , who deposed that the prisoner had several times spoken to him about the murder . Witness did not offer the prisoner any inducement to say anything , nor threatened her , but she freely and voluntarily spoke to him about it . The prisoner told witness that the servant girl who was with Miss Jefferies about two months before she wont to live there , and whose place she had taken , came down to the house on the Saturday morning , when she was taking down the shutters , and told her that she had been several times for a character from the old woman , and she would not give her one , and that she could not get a situation unless she got
a character , and that then this girl said she would go up stairs and murder the old woman—that the girl went up stairs and killed Miss Jefferies with a stone , and then got the keys and opened the cupboard , and took out a small box that was full of sovereigns . She opened the box and gave the prisoner part of them , and took the other part to herself , and that she told her that she would give her all the silver spoons and plate if she would not speak of it . She told her that it would be a long time before it would be found out , as there wore not many persons who called at tho house $ that they then ransacked the house , came down stairs , put on a frying-pan , made pan-cakes , and had their tea , and that the stone that the girl killed the old
woman with was laid upon the hob by the side of the fire . They did not leave the house until about dinner time , and that she ( prisoner ) then went to Horfield . She said the girl ' s name was Maria Lewis , or Williams , and witness was not sure whether she said she lived in Bedminster or St , Philip ' s—witness forgot which—that when they came out of the house , the other girl locked tho door , and took the keys with her . A day or two afterwards , witness was sent up on duty to the house of the deceased , to relieve another policeman in charge of the house ; on witness ' s return ho was placed in charge of Sarah Thomas in her cell ; she asked him if ho had seen the old duchess ? Witness said he had not , for the door was made fast . She
said that the other girl had killed the dog , and put it down the privy . —Susan Miller , who had been in the habit of going errands for Miss Jefferies , proved that she saw her alive and well on the Friday before she was discovered murdered , and that on the following afternoon she went to the house and rang the bell , but could get no answer . This witness stated that Miss Jefferies kept a very sharp dog , which used to bark at strangers , and that , in order to let the dog in and out , tho kitchen door was usually kept open . It was fastened back with a stone ( the stone stained with blood was here shown to the witness , and she identified it as that usually employed to keep the door open . ) A girl named Chad , who had lived as servant with the deceased
till about six or seven weeks before the prisoner went to live there , was called , as were also her friends , to prove that at tho time ofthe murder she was in Bath . This witness also spoke to its being the habit of deceased to have her dog sleep in her bedroom , and to see the doors safely locked , and carry up the keys in her pocket . —Police-sergeant Somers proved that in consequence of a statement made by the accused to the effect , that the girl who committed the murder killed the dog and threw it down the privy , he went and searched that place , and found the carcase of a dog lying head downwards , embedded in the soil . —A man named Vickcry also deposed , that on Wednesday night , when engaged in putting up the shutters of tho Flitch of
Bacon Tavern , Host-street , he found in the groove in which the shutters worked the latch and streetdoor key of a house , which he handed over to the police . —The Coroner said there were other witnesses to be examined , and as the inquiry had now been protracted for a great number of hours , he thought it would be more convenient to at once adjouwi . The inquiry was then postponed . At the close ofthe proceedings the crowd congregated outside could not have fallen short of 5 , 000 or 6 , 000 persons , all patiently waiting to see the prisoner brought out , which , however , Inspector Boll would not permit until , in some measure , a clearance had been effected . The prisoner was then reconducted to gaol . She had by this time regained her confidence , and left the room with a firm step .
Wednesday , March 14 . —The proceedings of the inquest were again resumed this morning . In addition to the prisoner , Sarah Thomas , her mother was also brought up in custody , charged with being an accessary after the fact . The new evidence of importance was that given by the mother , Anne Thomas , who was ordered by the coroner to be sworn , and deposed that her daughter returned home to witness , at Horfield , on last Saturday week , between three and four o ' clock in the afternoon . She left her boxes out of doors ; and requested witness to fetch them in . They were a trunk covered with paper , and a bonnet-box—nothing more . After she had brought home these-two boxes in the afternoon of Saturday , she went again into Bristol'in the evening ; she went alone , and returned about halfoast nine o ' clock . She then brousrht home with her
a little brown box , about the size of a small bonnetbox , and a band-box , and she also had a bundle ' On Monday evening she again went into Bristol , leaving Horfield at about seven o ' clock , and returnedut about half-past eight . She then brought home a few biscuits and oranges , but no clothes . She went into Bristol on Tuesday night , and again on Wednesday ; it was before dark , about half-past six in 'the evening . She brought nothing back . She said she was going toouy some tope for a new 'apron . Did not see that she brought home any scissors or a book . She always returned alone , as far as witness knows . —Thomas Rowley , a fly driver , identified the prisoner Sarah Thomas . On going np St . Michael ' s-hill on Saturday week last , at between eight or nine in the evening , she was standing on
the pavement ; she hired his fly at 2 s „ to take her to Horfield ; she was alone ; she had with her a little mahogany box , and another box with a loose cover , and a black bag ; then accompanied her to a confectioner s shop in Lower Maudlin-lane , where she received a bundle ; he then drove her to Horfield , and put her down at the stop-gate loading to Ashley-down , and carried the luggage to the gate leadingto the cottage she was going to , aridlefther . Mary Sullivan , a little g irl who led aboufa blind fiddler , and told an incoherent story about following two of the Rifles mto Miss Jefferies' house , and scomg the murder committed by one of them ; but it was proved that the child was subject to epileptic fits , and not of right mind ; the jury , therefore , desired that her statement should bo stopped . — , George Webb residing at No . 11 , Trcnchard-strcet
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On Saturday week last , between eleven and twelve o ' clock in the day , he had just got to the top of Steep-street steps , when he saw a man come backwards out of the front door of Miss Jefferies , carrying a red box before him . There was a young woman following him out , carrying the other end of the box , and she lifted it on his shoulder . Did not notice cither of their faces , but the young woman returned into the passage , and again came out with a bundle and something else in her hand , and then slammed the door after her . They walked towards , Steep-street , St . Michael ' s-hill , The shutters of the house were then open . It was like a bundle of clothes ; a light-coloured bundle . The man had on a fustian jacket and fustian trowsers ,
like one who tended on masons . —Pohce-sergcant Philips : On Wednesday night he went to the Flitch of Bacon , at about half-past nine o ' clock at night , and had some conversation with Mrs . Price , respecting Mrs . Jefferies , who then lay dead at that time , not knowing that she had been murdered . At between eleven and twelve o ' clock the same night , he was informed that police-constable No . 110 had seme keys which had been found at the Flitch of Bacon . At about three o ' clock the next morning , having learnt that Mrs . Jefferies had been murdered , and the house robbed , ' he was induced to try
the keys to the street door of-Miss Jefferies' house , and found that they fitted exactly both the key of the lock arid the latch . —Mrs . Mary Price , landlady of the Flitch of Bacon , deposed to the witness William' Vicfcery having on Wednesday night last delivered her two keys , which he had found . Finding they did not belong to her , she delivered them to the policeman . During that evening there was a man of the name of Sweet , and a man of the name of Angel , and a washerwoman at her house . No one else . Has seen the little girl who leads about the blind man . Has heard she is not in her right senses . Had not seen a Rifleman ; in the house for
six weeks . One of them came m with a young woman , and asked if she had a room to let . The Riflemen do not use her house . Had seen the blind man there twice , and the little girl was with him . There was no Rifleman there at that time . —At this period the proceedings were further adjourned .
Sreiaitu.
Sreiaitu .
Dublin, Saturday.T'Rss'istavce To Tub' R...
Dublin , Saturday . t'Rss ' istavce to tub' Rate in Aid . —The vote of the House of Commons in favour of the rate in aid has not in the least degree diminished the hostility to that obnoxious impost in the northern province . _ On the contrary , the movement proceeds with still greater vigour—men of the highest position are entering the arena , and there appears to be a settled and resolute spirit of passive resistance , which , if curried into practice may lead to very serious if not disastrous results ! The northern journals received this morning contain accounts of further meetings in various parts of Ulster . The Banner of Ulster has a long report of the me ; ting of the county of Antrim , held at
Ballvmena , on Thursday last , at which tho High Sheriff , J . S . Moore , Esq ., presided . The . proceedings were opened by a startling speech of Lord Massare ° ne , who urged an organised opposition to the collection of the rate in language almost as unqualified as any uttered by tbe Young Irelanoers in the hottest period of their agitation . The following is an extract from his lordship ' s speech : — " Let men of all parties and creeds unite , and if they cannot prevent the passing ofthe present measure , or the levying of the tax , let them talce care that the intruder shall never go back with the supply . ( Hear , hear , and cheers . ) There is at present in Ireland a society which seeks to have an occasional sitting of the Imperial Parliament in Dublin for the
transaction of Irish business . He ( Lord Massareene ) was a member of that society , and he believed that if its object : had been adopted some years ago , the distress which now exists would not be so extensive , nor would the proposition of a rate in aid have been submitted . . At a meeting in December last of the society to which he had alluded , he ( Lord Massareene ) observed that England had shown herself very generous in placing in this country soma 50 , 000 soldiers to prevent us from shooting each other , but that it would take 50 000 more to prevent the north from speaking out , it once it felt itself to be unjustly taxed . England
was now about to tax her unjustly ; and the demonstrations which had lately taken place had verified his prediction so far , for he believed that twice or three times 50 , 000 soldiers would not , in the north be able to collect this most unjust rate in aid . ( Loud Cheers . ) He ( Lord Alassareene ) would dare the government to collect it . ( Cheering . ) If they wou'd not repudiate the connextion between this country and Great Britain , or if they had the shadow of a shade of justice , let them tax tbe absentee landlords for whatever they want ; but let them not add to the already over-burthened but industrious people by additional and unjust taxation . "
Messrs . Leslie , Edmund M'Donnell , and M'Naghten , subsequently addressed the meeting , in proposing resolutions , denounced the injustice of the rate in aid . Mr . George Macartney and the Hon . Gr . Handcock also addressed a meeting of tenantry of the Marquis of Downshire , which was held in the Court-house of Hillsborough , on Thursday last , at which Mr . Watson , of Brook-hall , and several of the neighbouring gentry , attended . Several respectable farmers expressed the most rooted opposition to the rate in aid ; and resolutions and a petition were adopted . A letter from Lord Downshire was read to the meeting , by Mr . R . S . Kennedy , J . P ., which contained the following paragraphs . — " We must raise a bold and determined resistance in Utoer , and show the minister that , while we are determined and resolute in maintaining a real union between the two countries , as we did last year , and
are the advocates of peace and order , we will mt quietly submit to have the profits of our industry , which that peace and good order have secured to us ( and which this very government has so often done their best to destroy ) , taken from us . The edge of the wedge once introduced , every year will drive it in m re firmly ; and we shall have the satisfaction (!) of paying for the districts of the country which this government has demoralised , after it bad tried , but failed , to demoralise us . " Besides this ; remember that is one thing to s ' rike a rate and another to collect it ; and all that is necessary to bring us in for the ' rate ia aid' is that the other districts should strike a rate : not a word is said about its being collected . " Lord John Russell may call us in this province ' The Whisper of a Faction , ' but we will show him that we can speak iu a voice louder than a ' whisper , ' and stronger than a ' faction , ' when injustice and wrong are attempted against us . "
The Cavan grand jury have adopted resolutions and a petition against the rate . The county of of Wexford met on Thursday last , and adopted a petition against the rate in nid . Tuesday . —Opposition to the Rate in Aid . — The meetings continue in Ulster and Leinster , and even in the south and west there are meetings to protest against the rate In aid , in those districts where the gentry and ratepayers have been able to struggle through their own embarrassment . Almost
all the grand" juries of Leinster have " pronounced " against the rate ; and the poor law unions are meeting in succession for the same purpose , At the county meeting in Armagh , on Saturday last , the most energetic resolutions against the rate in aid were adopted . On the same day , a meeting of the county Tyrone was held in the court-house at Omagh , when resolutions , protesting against the unjust impost and a petition embodying the resolutions , was resolved on , to be forwarded immediately for presentation to both Houses of Parliament .
Wednesday . —The meetings of the counties of Armagh and Down have been most important . Colonel Blacker , a great favourite of the northern people , delivered a stirring speech at Armagh , which was received with great applause . At the Down meeting , the Marquis of Downshire vied with Lord Massareene in the virulence of the language he employed against the project . He denounced it as " this most partial , impolitic , and rascally measure ;" declared his intention of opposing the rate , " as an individual ; " and expressed his carelessness about being called a rebel . Lord Roden also made a strong speech at the same meeting , and said it was the worst measure ever inflicted upon Ulster , Men of all parties are to be found in this agitation . At the Down meeting , were the Marquis of Downshire , and Mr . Sharman Crawford , Lord Bangor , and Mr . Maxwell , Mr . Ross , of Rosstrevor , and Lord Roden .
Death of the Knight of Kerry . —The Right Hon . Maurice Fitzgerald , Knight of Kerry , died at his residence in the island of Vylentia , on . the 7 th inst . j inhia J 6 » h year . He-is . succeeded in the ancient title of Knight of Kerry by his son , Peter Fitzgerald , Esq ., high sheriff of Kerry for the p-esent year . The knight was the lineal representative of the ancient Knights of Kerry—one of the three branches of the house of Fitzgerald—the others , are the present Knight of Glin , or Knight ofthe Valley , and the Earl of Kingston , who by ihe maternal line represents the renowned White Knights of old . The Knight of Kerry , together with Lord Plunkett , were the only living survivors of the Irish House ot Conwuonst
The Crops . —In the counties of Limerick and > Tipperary potatoes are extensively planted and generally by the better class of farmers , who have all adopted the system of early sowing , a s affording the only security against failure . The Limerick Reporter states , that large tracts of land are laid down with oats , and more tire in pres aration . The young wheat * looks vigorous and healthy . " Everything , so far ( says that journal ) indicates a propitious turn ot events , " , Count of Limerick . — On Wednesday Judge Ball arrived at Limerick , and shortly after proceeded to the County Court . In addressing the grand jury , he said- " If tho calendar now before me be taken as the state of crime in your county , nothing is calcu ' ated to excite more horror than
Dublin, Saturday.T'Rss'istavce To Tub' R...
that which it evinces . It contains a variety of offences , numbering in all 520 cases . I was not able to ascertain exactly the number of each offence but it appears to me there are eleven charged with murder , thirty attacking houses with arms and maltreating the inmates , twenty with highway robbery , sixteen or twenty for burning houses , with a great numb > r of o her offences , independent of 120 for petty larcenies , and sixty for sheep stealing The majority of all those offences have occuired since the quarter session in January last . " ( From the correspondent ofthe Morning Chronicle . )
Dublin , Monday . — Crime and Destitution . — The Harvest . — The proceedings at the assize courts in the southern and western counties exhibit startling evidences of the effects of famine in the increase of crime and demoralisation . We haveaa yet accounts from only one or two of the western counties , and the criminal business has only commenced in Mayo . In the counties of Limerick and Clare there was a formidable amount of crime directly connected with the distress so lon » prevail ing ; and in the latter county , not less than 12-i n » r . sons . weresentenced to transportation — . a luimber entirely unprecedented ia our criminal annahfor a sin ? e commission of assize . It should be
remembered , also , that the assistant-barristers , at quarter sessions , have jurisdiction in felony cases ; and that latterly considerable numbers have received sentence of transportation . At Fern sessions so many as eighty , and , I believe , in one instance , at the commencement ofthe present year , nearl y 100 convicted criminals have been sentenced to transportation Within the past three years , the number of persons sentenced to transportation in Ireland by judges of assize , and chairmen of quarter sessions probably exceeds the amount in any previous six years , even when agrarinn crime prevailed to the greatest extent , and when many of the counties had been pre claimed under an insurrection .
Thesouthernand western journals give further most painful accounts of evictions and deaths from starvation . The clearance system is swelling the tide of pauperism on the one hand , whilst all who possess the means are voluntarily emigrating , many still abandoning their business and farms , leaving behind them a miserable , halt-famished and brokendown pauper population . The Limerick and Clare Examiner , describing the progress of eviction
says : — "Theruined CasUe of Kihnallock is swarming with paupers having no other home , and filled with everything foul . The dens in GontVlane , in the town of Tipperary , are crammed with refugees and wretches herding together in filth a"d immorality . The neighb urhood of Kilfinane is overrun with the destitute , rushing in for relief to the benevolent ladies who dispense it to all . " The Galway Mercury has an account of the deaths from destitution in the islands of Gorumna wnd Killeen . " Most of these unhappy beings ( says that journal ) were found dead in the fields , where they wandered in quest of food . "
This is a fearful exhibition of the condition of the southern and western districts ; and , no matter how favourable may be the future circumstances , and propitious the seasons , slow must be the progress towards recovery in districts thus devastated by famine , and utterly disorganised . But there are favourable symptoms , upon which one may found a hope that we have seen the worst of this period of terrible calamity . ^ I have in some recent letters , described the active preparations , and the decided progress already made , for the next harvest , in the southern counties . And 1 am happy to state , that the accounts received this morning are of the same
gratifying kind . The Limerick Chronicle states that the surrounding country presents all the appearance of vigorous operations in the tillage of land . The young wheats are looking well and strong . Potatoes have been plante-1 extensively , and much eailier than usual , as the only chance of security . Oat sowing is very general ; and even in the county of Clare , wherosuch vast tracts of fine fertile land had been neglected , "field work has received a great impulse . " This is the commencement of the remedy , originating with the Irish people themselves—a small beginning , certainly , where such overwhelming misery has to be encountered ; but it is , at all events , beginning at the right end .
Collections foii the Pope . — The collections for the " Papal Fund" were made yesterday , at the different Roman Catholic chapels throughout the archdiocese of Dublin . In the city of Dublin alone , about £ 1 , 250 has been already received . In Kingstown , nearly £ 100 was contributed . No returns have yet been obtained from the rural parishes . The entire amount ia the archdiocese of Dublin will be very considerable . Death of Colonki , Sir Robert Shaw , Bart . —The Dublin Evening Mail records the decease of the above venerable baronet . He died on the night
of the 10 th , at his seat , Bushy Park , in the county Dublin , in the 76 th year ol his age . For more than half a century Sir Robert Shaw had filled a useful place in public life and society ; he sat in the Irish Par iament ; lie had been returned by Lord Ely , but when Lord Ely gave in his adherence to the measure of the union , Sir Robert ( then Mr . ) Shaw resigned his seat and purchased an independent one ( continues our Irish authority ) for himself , and voted against the union . He represented Dublin in the Imperial Parliament from 1804 to 1826 ; and for above fiftythree years constantly acted as a magistrate and grand juror for the county of Dublin .
A Band-Master Fired At . —The band-master of the Queen ' s Hussars was fired at by one of the band boys , on Saturday afternoon , in Dublin , after parade . The shot providentially took no effect . The culprit is in custody awaiting a court-martial . Pauperism . —The state of things in the Ennis Union is desperate indeed . There are not less than 25 , 000 persons receiving relief . The weekly expenditure is £ 900 ; and on the 25 th of March the union will owe £ 10 , 000 sterling . Murder in TirpEnABY . —The Clonmel Chrmick of yesterday contains the f llowing : — " At two
o'clock on Saturday , as the judge was commencing to try the criminals , with svhich our gaol is crowded , a dreadful murder was being perpetrated close at hand . A poor o'd woman , seventy years of a ? e , named Margaret Ryan , was the victim , and the object , it appears , was a bag of meal in her possession . Her body was mangled in a shocking manner , almost cut to pieces . A broken scythe , covered with blood , was found in a ditch near the place where the dreadful deed was committed . Constables Sullivan and Hillyard arrested a man named John Ryan ( Jack ) , at Kilfeacle , the scene of the murder . He had blood on his clothes . "
ASSIZK i . vtelligkvce . Slioo , Friday . —The Rev . John O'Neill , a Roman Catholic clergyman , has been sentenced to nine months' imprisonment for a violent assault on Alderman Cordukes and Mr . Delany , of Sligo . Limerick , Saturday . — In the City Court , yesterday afternoon , a verdict of " guilty of manslaughter" was returned against the three men named . Hayes , tried for the murder of James Purchell , in the streets of Limerick , on the 1 st of November last . Waterford , Saturday . — In the case of the insurgent attack on the police barracks at Porltaw , the jury , after being locked up all night , returned a verdict of " GuUty" against two o ' ' the prisoners , Doyle and Sheefy ; but they did not all agree as to two othors . The jury were then discharged .
South Tipperary . —Clonmel , Saturday Evrkino —Effects op Faminb . —The Grand Jurv during the day found a great number of bills , but almost all were for on * enc « a of a minor class , and Judge Jackson proceeded to dispose of those cases first , in order to clear the gaol , so much over-crowded . If any one required to see the melancholy position to which the country is reduced , he would find an index to it in the class of criminals that crowded the dock . Hitherto almost every man brought to the bar was decently , if roughly clad , most of athletic frames and in rude health , and offences for the sake of plunder were the exceptions not the rule . On the present occasion the contrast was a striking onefamine tracing its outlines on the features of As accused , drawing its converging furrows to the niouth , and giving to the countenance a kind ot hahidiotic , half-wolfish expression . There was arraigned
the ^ child whose head scarcely reached the iron bar which the murderer had so often convulsively grasped , , as the jury were coming out to deliver their verdict , and that child who , when asked , said he did not know if he bad a father or a mother , was tried for . stealing some ( rifling article in order to convert it into food . Then came the mother accused of stealing some straw to make a bed for her children , who hoped to sleep away their hunger , or taking some potatoes , which in h ippier years charity would have bestowed without being asked for ; and m marked contrast to childhood , age vjab tvemblinS between the weakness incident to such a period ot life , and the privations which it had endured ; a " tbe prison-house and the cell had , instead of any terrors , become the object of attraction to those miserable creatures : it afforded them a supp ly of tW food wh ch they wanted ; and in many instances tno humanity of the learned judge , in inflicting a ligw sentence , instead of being regarded as a boon , " *'
considered in the light of a punishment . A ntun ° " of persons pleaded guiltv to having carried oft »' clothing which they got in Cashel workhouse ; » " <* William Dwyer , the spokesman , stated , in & usyl \ to questions from the Court , that he did not S . enough to eat in the poor-house , and that he nul preferred the gaol , because the food there was sutncient ; and a gentleman present added , that thei snop * keepers were greatly annoyed and injured by na % ¦« their windows . broken bythe houseless and " "L vagrants wanting to be committed for any "" " , J Judge Jackson said that tbe attention ofthe Ji 0 ? '' l . Superint- ndence ought to be directed to the diewi of the gaol : and it did seem a most s tartling i «»' ° that persons should leave the workhousein oroe > be committed to prison , as if it were an adv "" ; c 3 st to be a criminal rather than a distressed but o inmate of an asylum . During tho day bills ot w > ment for wilful murder were found against two ^
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), March 17, 1849, page 6, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_17031849/page/6/
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