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ApbilIT,. 1347. THE NORTHERN STAR. -~^ m...
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foreign iHobtmem&
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••And I will *» ? > at least in wards, (...
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«I tbiak I hear a little bird, who sings...
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THE AMERICAN AGRARIAN REFORMERS. {From Y...
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THE THOROUGH PRINCIPLES OF POLITICAL SCI...
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4Toreimi {ntefltffewe
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MOVEMENTS OF THE WEEK. The only Foreign ...
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FRANCE. On the food question the Reforme...
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POLAND'S REGENERATION. The Democratic Co...
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THE DEMOCRATIC COMMITTEE FOR PO LAND'S R...
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Imperial pmmmm>
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Mondai, Aran. 12, HOUSE OF COMMONS.—Lord...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Apbilit,. 1347. The Northern Star. -~^ M...
ApbilIT ,. 1347 . THE NORTHERN STAR . - ~^ - " * irrr-r-iii « i ¦ ~ r-wawi— , m m-n \ rr ^ --ini ¦ mmxm ,. ' ¦ ———— —r ^^ ^„ _ —_ . , . „ , nrmaiMtrr ¦¦¦¦¦¦ mi .- . _
Foreign Ihobtmem&
foreign iHobtmem &
••And I Will *» ? > At Least In Wards, (...
•• And I will *» ? > at least in wards , ( And—« b « uld my chance so happen—deeds , ) With all who war with Thought ' . "
«I Tbiak I Hear A Little Bird, Who Sings...
« I tbiak I hear a little bird , who sings Ihe people byand . by will be the stronger . "—Bxxox
The American Agrarian Reformers. {From Y...
THE AMERICAN AGRARIAN REFORMERS . { From Young America . ) [ Coneludcdfro * onrlvt . ]
The Thorough Principles Of Political Sci...
THE THOROUGH PRINCIPLES OF POLITICAL SCIENCE , OR RIGHTS ASD WBON 6 S , specified , anah « d , cMsaimn , aw coht » asted , Showing the Cause of Good , of Evil , and its Remedy . HIE . —VHHXlttt . Tbe right ta Mfe is also equal , indiridoal , and inalienable . As it is equal , no man can claim a greater enjoy , ment or protection ofit than another ; m it i . individual , no portion of mankind can combine into an army or any corporal body , except ia defensive war ; and as it Ulna . Iienab ! e , it cannot be destroyed by capital punishment , or in any way whatever , except in self-defence . No man can make a chattel slave ot another , occasion bis death by murder or offensive war without becoming tbe archcriminal of the earth I
A hired soldiery is another farm ofthe alienation of the right of life as a substitute for tbat of others . There . fore , it is the duty of tbe whole people of a nation , to organise as a standing army , so tbat it will be the right and duty of those in the locality invaded to repel the invaders , while rapidly reinforced from neighbouring region * . Thai nan would destroy life only in self-defence at their homesteads , and soon terminate a war with tbe least expense . Liaoca . —SEavrrr / DE . Labour or production if also in equal , indiridc *! , and
inalienable right and duty . As nature baa created all with tbe same wanti and hands , and surrounded them wi th a sufficiency of raw niateiial , all should labour equally for a subsistence . As nothing bat labour can turn the crude products of nature iato tbe necessaries of Jite , all who subsist by any other means than labour trait live upon that of others . It is a most outrageous system of nje « tice tbat now prevails among mankind , that tbey who amass nearly all tbe product of labour without performing any productive labour , should not be considered -fir mere criminal than the toil-worn labourer who steals a loaf of bread to save hit life 1
But it is not incumbent only on every man to labour equally , but also individually . For men will avoid labour in a community of labour and property as well as by substituting their illy accumulated property in its ttead . As ths combination of labour destroys its identity , as well as that of property and the stimulus to duty , each man should labour in an isolated and individual eipacity . There is a natural tendency to a division of labour , whicli also requires a division of capital and materials . There is no more advantage in tbe combination of labour by the capital of others or of the labourers themselves , than there is in the combination * f sovereignty la parties or of tbe domain as common property .
Let each producer , with his own individual homestead , capital , tools , materials , and labenr , perform a certain art , aad the series of dependent arts and wants will propel him to do his part or else aU , mil stand Still , Thus all will be both checks and dependents npon each oier . The advantage also of a common motive power to propel machines of different arts can be obtained under tbe individual with more certainty than tinder tbe community system . In community each -nan ' s duty will be too much prescribed by the wills ot others . But in co-operation without combination the demand for each man's fabrics or products will command bim to do his duty . Bat should the electric or other motive power be as cb . ap on a small as large scale there wiU be no ise in tbe concentration of so much machinery ia one establish , meat , so injurious to health , with perhaps a few exceptions .
As the right to labour is also inalienable , it is violated j by involuntary servitude , hire , or wages , or profitmen- j gery . Bjth labour and its product are alienated as : mocb by slavery or hire , as sovereignty is by suffrage , or life is by soldiery . It would seem that there could be no more outrageous act than that of one portion of man . kind usurping the whola of the surrounding elements and of extorting a tribute from the balance for the use of them ; but to force thero also to perform all labour , and to make even chattels of the bodies of tbeir fellow
cretures , completes tbe climax of tyranny and crime . The inhuman treatment of slaves , soldiers , sailors , journeymen , and all tbe evils of slavery , hired labour and hirelings , declare the wisdom of God in giving man dominion only over the *• beasts of the field and fowls of the air , " but not over each other . As the right to labour is alto equtl , individual , and inalienable , mankind must organize into townships in the proportionate numbers with an equal share of the soil , so tbat they can become their own landlords and employers , producers and distributors .
SOKAUf . —tAHPLOaCBT . But of all their rights , there is none in which mankind should be more strict in the application ofthe principles of equality , individuality , and inalienableness , than that of the right of Domain . For the evil effects of the monopoly ofthe soil is sot so palpable to the senses , although it is the foundation of the monoply of all their othtr rights , and so much so , that until landless producers can see it , landlords will ever command tbeir rights of life , sovereignty and labour . Mau ' s equal wants and powers of production most forcibly declare that each one is entitled to an equal share of as much of ) £ ? earth as he can use ; tbat he should hold it too , not of government , but bj act of existence , and the gift of Gad , who has granted and conveyed it to bim only on the condition that he shall improve it , and carry forward his creation . He shall hold it too , in an insolated and individual proprietorship , and not as undivided interest M in a community of property . For , with a few
exceptions , man cannot labour and consume so equally in partnership as in isolated families without dissention , and tendering their rights imperfect . Neither should there ever be any alienation or transfer of each man ' s share of domain , except in an equitable exchange or sale to a landless man . It is only necessary that each nan should ever possess a share of the domain , no matter how often be may exchange it ; for thereby be can ever be free to change bis locality ; so that emigra tion may even be more facilitated under this system than under the present monopoly of the Und . The right to domain will be much preserved by a universal survey of the earth by the cardinal points , iato the quantity each of the human race is now entitled , with provision for its gradual division down to the minimum quantity , and tbe order in which the members of a family should possess it , if they do sat choose to emigrate where they can get a larger proportion .
PaOPrCTS . —FI 0 HTJtO . VGE > r . But every reason that enforces the necessity of the strict application of the equal , individual and inalienable property of a right te sovereignty , life , labour , and do * main , applies with equal farce to tbe right of man to tbe products of his labour . The capacity of all to produce equally in some art , determines tbe right to products to hi also equal ; and all the reasoning for tbe individuality of labour proves tbe same for tbe product of labour . As man mingles his labour with his improvements and products , he should be equally tenacious of his right to tiem as of the soil . As each man ' s skill is more limited tl an his wants , the mutual exchange according to cost o ! his surplus products , is no alienation of them any more than an exchange of farms ; but it is the unequal exchange constituting profitmongery which is the great eiilthat violates this right .
BEXEDT . Thus , the remedy for tbe evil of society , consists in tbe establishment of rights upon the true principles of their equality . Individuality , and inalienableness . As tbe right of sovereignty or will Is founded upon the mind it is tbe first right that should be established npon these principles . But as the masses are still ignorant , inter , mediate or sliding measures of reform must be taken by thi intelligent few . Such are now actually agitated by the National Reformers , by pledging to vote for none but those who will support their measures ; and thus by holdin ; the balance between parties , compel tbe press and go . veroment to disseminate them . Though it is a perfect wrong to delegate sovereignty ; yet , as tbe intelligent
few can decide the balance , there is much power in the ballot , as office is sought for on account of tbe stlsry ai well as tbe principle . But mankind will soon learn that legislation should be exercised fey each man in proper PERSON , and will organize into townships and constitutionally establish themselves in their equal , individual , and inalienable rights to sovereignty , life , labour , domain and products ; partake ia prescribing their rule of action ; protect aad perpetuate each other in tbeir homesteads , and secure each other in the foil amount of the product of their labour . Thos every man wOl become his own legislator , landlord , and employer . Every right will truly be made fi * e—sovereignty , free—life , free—labour , free—and ^ products , free .
PBESEKT STATK OS POLITICAL SUUCE . In comparing these views of the nature of rights , wrongs , and remedies with Blackstone ' s Commentaries , at the most faithful reflection of tbe principles upon which the present era of monoploy is founded , there is a striking contrast . His whole doctrine is fouuded npon ths evil principles of inequality , combination , and in . allenablesets , as exhibited in a graduated scale of classes , corporations , officers , professions , and employments . Instead , of representing sovereignty as exercisible only by esih man in person , he contends tbat it is vested in kings , for is , and certain constitutional acts , and tbat the peopls -ha * e only a " residuary rig ht" in connection with tbe ¦ degrading privilege of petition and prayer .
There are , however , a series of pioneer writers con . ¦ thuaUy advancing upon each other in a truer knowledxe-of political science . In our own Declaration of Independence , there is an advance by the expression ' man is endowed with certain inalienable rights , that amang these are life , liberty , and tbe pursuit of happinessf although the two latter of these terms are too ia . definite for specific names of rights , as weU as " equality , liberty . Safety , and property " used in the French constilutionoflTSS . Equality , as here shown . ua sufficientl y defrate term for one ofthe properties of a right , but not for a right . The term liberty should be used to designate the exercise andenjoyment of every right . Safety is too ra ? uf , and property should only be appUed , to inanbaato
The Thorough Principles Of Political Sci...
things , and not to the personal qualities of man by sacrilegiously reducing them to chattels . Thus two of the great properties of a right , equality aad inalienableness , have been graduall y , but vaguely developed by such as Roweau and Jefferson , But it is George H . Evans who has developed them in definite and bold relief , and applied them to tbe well-defined right of domain , which leads to alt other Tight * . The remaining property of a right , individuality , the writer of this e < say has developed ; but had been anticipated b y Josiah Warren , supported by Thomas and Maria L . Yaraey . Bat be claims the application of them as the three constituent elements of a right , to aU the rights , with this improved classification , & c ., of rights and wrongs upon Blackstone ' s . If tbis is the true nature of rights , Robert Owen has erroneously assumed tbat individuality of rights or private property is the great evil , and by contrast that a commaaity of rights aad property is the great remedy . Ltwis Masqoesiei .
4toreimi {Ntefltffewe
4 Toreimi { ntefltffewe
Movements Of The Week. The Only Foreign ...
MOVEMENTS OF THE WEEK . The only Foreign news of importance is that from Spain . The fall detail we bave given below of the doings of Queen Isabella , renders comment superfluous . It appears tbat the Government having been informed that Queen Christina intended to depart from Paris for Madrid on the 5 th of April , had decided that Her Majesty should not be permitted to re-enter Spain , and despatched to her in
all haste General Manuel de Ia Concha , to dissuade her from undertaking the journey . It was even said , that if she persisted in that resolution General Concha was invested with full power to arrest her . The Gazette ot the 8 th contains two Royal Decrees , one appointing the Duke de Valencia ( Narvaezj Ambassador at Paris , instead of M . Martinez de la Rosa ; the other appointing M . de la Torre Ayllon , Envoy Extraordinary to the Court of Lisbon , instead of M . Gonzales-Bravo . An amnesty is
talked of , to include Espartero , Van Halen , Ruize , and others . Accounts have been received from Lisbon to the 5 th , and from Oporto to the 8 th inst . No change of any consequence has taken place in the position of the belligerent parties . The great feature of the news is , that the Queen ' s cause was becoming still more hopeless , and that its weakness was too palpable to be concealed . Letters from Constantinople of the 27 th tilt . announce that-the Greek affair had made no progress since the last dates from that capital . The question , it was believed , would produce serious complications . There have been arrivals from the United States ,
bringing raoiours of battles , defeats of the Amen cans , & c . ; but no certain intelligence . An insur rection had broken out at Venezuela .
France. On The Food Question The Reforme...
FRANCE . On the food question the Reforme says : — " In aU the neighbouring markets , without exception , which supply Paris , there has again been a considerable rise in wheat . It varies frem 2 f . to 4 f . per hectolitre . The supply was not sufficient at any place , even for local consumption . Private purchasers were most eager , and the millers who had abstained from purchasing during the last month could not obtain any . * At other markets , the growers , not conceiving a rise of of . to Gf- per sack to besufficient , carried away both wheat and samples . Such was
the case at Orleans . AtProvinsabandofwomen came from the environs and Toeiferously quarrelled with the millers to obtain some loads of wheat . " Letters from Paris state that "never in the memory of man was aspting more propitious in France than the present . " Ths Lais Cobs Riots . —The Fatrie annonnces that the council of ministers had deliberated during three days on the fate of the three individuals conicted of murder during the corn riots at Buzanoais , and capitally sentenced by the Royal Court ot Chateauroux . The order to execute them was said to have been forwarded on Friday to Chateauroux by the Minister of Justice .
SPAIN . 1 , 013 OF FITS AT MADRID—GBASD KICX-OCI OF THE CAMARILLA . ' Queen Isabella is going a-head . After having kicked cut the Frcmh Cabinet , she has made a clean sweep of all its partizans and accomplices . It is not often we trouble our readers with the doings of royalty , at home or abroad , but the following from the correspondence of the Times is toe goad to be omitted . Madrid has not witnessed such fun for manya-day .
Madrid , April 4 th . —Nothing but Meeting , wailing , and gnashing of teeth at the Royal Palace . The Marchioness oi Santa Cruz is in the depth of tribulation . Egana is bowed down by a grief that admits not ef consolation . And a sort of Master of the Horse , calallerizo mayor , who bears the awful name of High Tops , or Cumbres-Altas . is frantic with despair . They have been all but kicked out ofthe palace . Asia the genera ] custom with tranquil persons intending te get rid of servants whose fidelty is more than suspected , quiet notice was given to the above worthy trio to pack op and be off , and make room for their betters . The Marquesa , though she hatrsome suspicions ot a calamity threatening her , yet never thought that the
young Queen would have had courage enough to dismiss one whom sympathetic tastes and congenial habits had rendered so dear to Maria Christina , and was absolutely stunned when she received the order to take herself off quietly by the door . She tacked up her gown , and hurried to the ground-floor apartments —the lower regions of the palace , where Egana ' s occupations so fitly keep him—to announce tbe awful tidings to the Rodin ( see Le Juif Errant ) of the royal household , and ask for counsel . Alas ! Rodin had just received a similar message , and was actually making his way up the intricate and gloomy staircase to unbosom himself to his faithful and faded friend . They met half-way . I am lost , ' shrieked tbe Marquesa . 'So am I , ' grovrled Egana . ' After all my services to be treated thus !
After my deeds in the Congress—after having brought in Mon and Pidal , to be thus turned , like Cain , on the wide world ! Wo ! wo ! It won't end here—it won't end here . ' ' Where is Cnmbres-Altas V ' Where should he be but in the stable V To the stable they glided , and there they found the worthy official taking a last and heart-breaking farewell of the royal horses . ' Yon , too ! ' cried the marchioness . ' Tea , ' neighed the late Count of Fist-in-Face ( Punonrostro , ) new Marquis of High-Tops ( Cttmbres-Altas ) . Grief overcame the three ; and so bitter was the anguish that the very helpers were melted . ' We won ' t stand this , ' said the Marquesa . After some consultation it was decided that they should refuse to obey the notice to quit , and struggle to the last .
The Queen , after having given the order for the dismissal of the three worthies , telt quite at ease , her spirits tranquil and her conscience satisfied , as one generally does after having performed a meritorious act , and thought all was right . When the hour came yesterday for her usual promenade , she was amazed , on passing to the antechamber , to see the Marchioness of Santa Cruz in tbe same place ; and , on inquiry , she was further informed that the intendant of the palace , and the representative oi the Royal Yahoos , were rebellious to her authority . Her Majesty entered her cabinet without saying a word . She sent for tbe first stray minister that could belaid hands on . Mazarrede and Salamanca were the first caught .
' I have ordered those persons to be dismissed , said the Queen , ' and why are they still here ? In half an hour let tbe palace he cleared of them . ' ' To hear is to obey , ' answered the obese Mars of the Spanish army . Egana , Cumbres-Altas , and the Marchioness , were summoned , and the order of the Quefn communicated . The Marchioness , whose imagination recalled those delightful nights of card-playing and hot suppers with the Munozes , tia EvseMa , Teresita , and the rest , when Maria Christina was first enamoured of her gallant guardsman , could not relinquish , without a struggle , the last hope of seeing the revival , in some way or other . of those nodes ambrosiame .
She refused stoutly to leave her post . The ministers insisted ; and thereupon commenced a sceae ot recrimination , of bitter reproach , and of violence , which , however it excited the parties affected , gossipers say , afforded the highest amusement to the young and royal person most interested . All was in vain . The Marchioness—who looked ferociously at her nails , and then venomously at the fat face oi Mazarredo , as if she longed to bring both into contact—the Master ofthe Horse , and the Intendant , were , without more ado , ejected from the Royal Palace . In addition to these dismissals , the Captain of the Halberdiers , Senor de Rubianes , has been also marched to the right-about .
The pardoning fire condemned men , and the dis missal of the persons just mentioned , are acts as meritorious as Her Majesty could perform during the last and most solemn week of Lent . It is to be hoped that Heaven will reward her . Notwithstanding her being the daughter of the niece of Louis Philippe , and in spite of the bad example constantly before her , these acts yet show that the youthful Isabella has a sense of rectitude and propriety , and a generous instinct * OOINO , 00 I 5 O , BONB !—WHO WEABS TH * BHEKCHES , ?—CHBlSTWi W A BACK , I 8 ABJU . A KOT SO MAD—SVJDDBS POPOXABITT OF THS QOTM . Mawud , April 6 th .-The Queen / a CwCe / i ^ r , the
France. On The Food Question The Reforme...
Archbishop of Cordove , Patriarch of the Indies , has also , it is believed , been relieved from the eare of directing her Majesty ' s conscience and presiding over her private devotions . That very useful friend of M . Bresson , Senor Arana , Intrcauctor of Ambassadors , and supreme despot of the diplomatic box , has been , or is to be . turned to the right-about . His wife will , no doubt , share the fate of her worthy husband . An officer of Halberdiers , named Melendez , has been dismissed . A new private secretary has been appointed to the Queen . # It appears that , shortly after the Queen issued orders for the partial purification of her household , by the dismissal ofthe Marchioness of Santa Crnz , this worthv lady and her champion , with the terrific
name of Cumbres Altas , retreated to the private apartments of the King-Consort , to consult and condole with his Majesty on the gloomy prospects More them . The Marquesa was not long m convincing the weak-minded young man that , though the Queen was undoubtedly mistress of her kingdom , and naa power to bring about Ministerial crises , and resolve them , dismiss her Cabinet , dissolve the Cortes , make peace and war , and decide , finally and irrevocably , on these and such like trifies , yet that the more important rule of the chamber-maids , ladies of honour , Ac ., belonged exclusively to his Majesty—that the Queen might , according to the constitution , rule tbe nation , bat that the King was master of his house . Th « enemies of the Marchioness maliciously hint
that her ladyship meant to be sarcastic in thus defining tho peculiar duties of his Majesty . However that may bo , his Majesty admitted the soundness of her arguments , and declared he would protect her . He advised her , therefore , as well as the others who were in the same situation , to remain firm at their posts ; and , if the Queen reiterated her orders of dismissal , to say that they had received the King ' s instructions to continue as before m the performance ot their duties . The Queen , in the meantime , was made acquainted with what was going on ; and , on passing through theante-rooms , asked why these people had not quitted the palace , as she had directed . The Marchioness declared , without much ceremony , that they were there in obedience to the King Borders , and that there they were determined to remain .
Notwithstanding her respect for royalty , it is reported that that lady hinted something aboutplots in which theQneenwas concerned . ' Plots ! ' exclaimed her Majesty , ' it is you and yours that have been plotting all your lives . It is you who are plotting , and in the King ' s apartment . But we shall soon see who commands in my father ' s house . ' She then sent for the Ministers , who informed her that she was undoubtedly perfect mistress of tbe palace , and at liberty to dismiss or retain such of her attendants as she thoueht proper . Thereupon ensued the scene which I noticed yesterday . bctween Mazarredo and the Marquesa , which , lam assured , was one of much more violence than what . Idescrihed , and' which terminated in the exeunt omnes . The King failed at the critical moment to give an example of the energy he bad recommended , and his fair protegee was put to the
door . , . , , „ Some few days before the last palace row , her Majesty asked the Marchioness of Santa Cruza to procure her a copy of Cortina ' s great speech in the Cortes , as she had heard a great deal about it . The Marchioness told her it was all nonsense , things about ' liberty , ' independence , ' and stuff of that kind , and so indeeent as to be unfit for her Majesty ' s eye . * Well , but I wish to see it , and read it , ' replied the Queen , 'because a certain friend of mine praised it much . '
'Please your Majesty , ' said the bewildered Marchioness , ' it is all on mathematics , mensuration , and such branches of science , so that your Majesty will not re able to understand a word of it . ' ' Ah ! confess that you don't wish to give it to me —but look here , ' taking a small neat pamphlet from an ebony box ; ' a friend whom I esteem very much gave it me two days ago . I have read every word of it , and what is m re , I understand it well , and I think Cortina is quite right . ' The Marchioness looked aghast . She retired to her room , called a meeting of the camarilla , and announced the awful fact that the Queen must be mad , as she had taken to reading the speeches of the Progresista deputies !
A letter has been intercepted , I am assured , from Maria Christina to one of her confidants in Madrid , from which it would appear that the plot alluded to in my yesterday ' s letter was organized by her . ' Let that mad creature alone , ' she says ( speaking of her daughter ) ; ' give her play enough , she shall soon be made to see how we will settle her . ' The ' settling her' can mean nothing except a repetition of the 7 th of October affair . For this Maria Christina is capable ; but her late purchases in the French funds must have clipped her wings a little as far as the ' sinews of war' are concerned ; and , if another revolution be meditated , that very disinterested , frank , and generous old gentleman Louis-Philippe , must 'down with
the dust' himself . Whether in his latter days he is capable of such generosity remains to be seen . Times , however , are gone by for 7 th of October affairs . The people believe that the Queen is with them , and against the camarilla , and the Queen seems to rely for protection on the attachment of her people . No human being can be more execrated , more loathed , except , indeed , it be Louis-Philippe , his minister , or ambassador , by the masses , than the Duchess de Rianzares ; and I am assured , by a man who knows Madrid well , that if any such attempt were made , 20 , 000 people , men , women , and children , would fly to arms to protect the Queen against the camarilla .
' Que me danpor hea , ' said the Queen the other day , in answer to an insolent observation of one of the 'Archangels ruined '—* Que me danpor toca , eh I — Veremos . veremos quimes nos locos V * Tbey say I ' m mad , do tbey ? Wait awile * , we shall see who are the mad people . ' The joy spread by these dismissals is great indeed . The people are delighted at the heavy blows struck at tbe wretched camarilla that actually kept the Queen captive . For the first time since the illomened return of her mother , in 18 ii , the Queen is received with enthusiastic vivas by the population as she passes through the streets of Madrid . On Sunday last her Majesty walked on foot for an hour or two in the crowded promenade of A tocha . She was hailed with the most enthusiastic vivas . It would be
difficult to paint her delight at this demonstration of the public joy . Notwithstanding the rather plain and inexpressive character of her countenance , lur face became absolutely agreeable , and her eyes beamed with pleasure . She returned home in an open carriage , with her cousins , the daughters of Dan Francisco de Paula , and her uncle , and was hailed in the same enthusiastic manner as she drove along the Calle Aicala ; and the most unbounded joy was given expression to as she reached the Puerta del Sol , and swept along the Calle Mayor . She went to the theatre the same night , and , as she entered the royal box , the entire audience stood up and sainted ber . The clapping of hands , waving ol handkerchiefs , and shouts of ' 17 va neastra jovenlteinal
Viva neusira Rtma ionsUtucional V were again and again repeated . The tears stood in the Queen ' s eyes with delight . Yesterday she attended the bull-fight . She proceeded to the Plaza de Toros , about 5 o ' clock , in an open carriage , with her uncle by her side , but still unaccompanied by her husband , without escort , and with only one or two attendants on horseback , but not a single soldier . She was dressed as a Spanish waman ought to be when going to the bull-fight—a white blonde mantilla merely attached to the comb , and falling over her shoulders ; and a small red rose in her hair was her only ornament . She entered her
box soon after 5 o ' clock ; the performance had already begun ., It was for a moment interrupted by the immense assemblage rising up and bursting forth into one loud shout of ' Viva la Jieina \ ' ' Viva la Iteina Constitvcional V On her return to the palace , the same cries of ' I 7 va fa Reina Constitucional ; ' 'Viva la Reina libre ! ' hailed her as she drove along . She fully appreciates the spontaneous , unbought effusions of popular enthusiasm ; and must now see the difference between it and the significant silence she everywhere met with the whole time it was believed she afforded countenance to the intrigues of the camarilla .
MOBE FUX—THE QCEEN AND THE " APOSTLES — TBE
MO . NKEI COUNT . Lately the usual ceremony of washing the feet of twelve poor persons representing the twelve apostles , took place at the Palace . The King operated on twelve old men , as many female Apostles ( this addition does credit to Spanish gallantry ) being supplied tor the Queen , Her Majesty , accompanied by a Lady of Honour , gorgeously attired , who carried a silver basin , sprinkled some water over tho foot efeach woman , wiping it with a towel which she carried in her hand , and then kissing it . She appeared all the time much amused at the part she was acting . The King , on his side , a towel tied round his loins to save his trowsers , performed the same duty for his male disciples . Nothing could be fairer than tbis , but the King appeared anything but delighted . After
this operation , the twenty-four Apostles sat down to table , to be waited on by their royal attendants . The Queen merely went through the form of putting tbe dishes on the tableandlcarrying them away , which she did with a smartness that would have done credit to any London waiter , only dropping one dish ( spinach we thought ) which splashed the noble calves of an embroidered grandee who stood by . Tbe feast , however , was not exactly one of Duke Humphry ' s dinners , as baskets were in readiness , in which each of the gueata earned off a vast quantity of cold provisions . We need hardly add that tbis ceremony , which is meant to be most solemn , was one of universal mirth and amusement . Except the King and a few serious looking priests , no person in the room coukj refrain from laughing , the Queen and Infanta setting the example .
M . Mon , it is known , was made a coujit at the Pe" ofthe marriage ; yet , though hia patent of nobility has been long in hiskpossession . a feeling of sham © prevents his assuming his title , 1 might almost defy you to guess the reason . It appears that the Queen , who has a good deal al drollery of her fathers character , when signi ng the patent , could notrw ^ Ki * tempiatiou of adding the letter M < V
France. On The Food Question The Reforme...
to the name of Mon , his title being CondedeMon ; Now , though the simple word " Mon" is a sturdy emphatic monosyllable in itself , and has nothing to be laughed at . the word mono is irresistibly ludicrous , particularly to those who have enjoyed the advantage of seeing the worthy ex-Minister of Finance , and , Ibeing interpreted , means nothing more nor less than " monkey ' . " It is not , therefore , extraordinary that the worthy son of Pelayo should be in no baste to exhibit his parchments . Count Monkey ! / ( font ; /
GERMANY . According to the Avgsburgh Gazette , fears had been entertained at Vienna of disturbances in consequence of the high price of provisions , and on the night ol the 1 st of April tbe number of patrols had been doubled , and the garrison ordered to be in readiness to turn out . Austria , says the Courrier Francais , threatens to secede from the Germanic Confederation should the latter grant freedom of the pr ^ ss to Germany . This would be a most fortunate event lor the confederation .
M . Ronok . —A letter from Breslaw of the 3 rd , says : — "In the month of March , 1846 . M . Ronge was condemned to a month ' s imprisonment , for having preached at Magdeburg without the permission of the authorities . It was thought that the fxecutioa of this condemnation had heen abandoned by the government , but such is not the fact . The day before yesterday M . Ronge received from the police of Breslaw an injunction to undergo the sentence pronounced against him , and yesterday he rendered himself a prisoner . Upwards of 2 , 000 persons accompanied him on his passage , crying , ' Ronge fit ever ! ' ' Religious liberty for ever ! ' But this demonstration gave rise to no disturbance . "
SWITZERLAND . The Swiss journals have brought a manifesto by the seven Catholic cantons , demonstrating against the suppression of the convents , under the decree of the Grand Council i-f Argau of 17 th of January , 1841 . The almost undisguised menaces addressed by the League to its "faithful , dear brothers of the Confederation , " have excited a lively emotion in the liberal cantons . We learn by the same journals , that the vote for tho new constitution of Bale Town took place on the 8 th . The number in its favour was 1 , 448 out of 1 , 627 .
POLAND . Warsaw , March 29 . —The arrests of persons politically suspected still continue . Twelve citizens from the province have been lately brought to the citadel of Warsaw , who , it is affirmed , have read a prohibited work . Some rigorous measures of the police have lately made travelling by railroad very difficult . Nobody can travel without a passport , even if he has only a few miles to go . Passengers on their arrival are often subject to personal examination , so that the police may ascertain whether they have any prohibited publications .
An alarm of intended insurrection has been raised at Leraberg . Precautions were taken there , and at Posen , to prevent the rumouredjrising . The misery in some parts of Galicia is extreme . Espionage has increased to a frightful extent . Distress drives many a poor person to this infamous trade , which is highly remunerated . Formerly , the pay of spies at Cracow amounted to 9 , 000 florins annually ; now , it is as much as 40 , 000 florins .
Poland's Regeneration. The Democratic Co...
POLAND'S REGENERATION . The Democratic Committee for Poland ' s Regeneration again assembled on Friday evening , April 9 th , at the Chartist Assembly Rooms , Dean-street , Soho ; Ernest Jones , Esq ., in the chair . The following officers were unanimously re-elected . Ernest Jones , President ; Feargus O ' Connor , Treasurer ; G . Julian Harney , Secretary ; T . M Wheeler , Sub-Treasurer ; and J . Moy , Financial Secretary . On the motion of Messrs Doyle and Worcell , a vote of thanks was unanimously awarded to tbe President . ' The following new members were elected : —John Robertson , John West of Macclesfield , and Thomas Webb of Stockport . In the course of some conversation on - financial matters , Mr G . W . Wheeler said the committee had appealed to the country for pecuniary support . As he considered example should always accompany precept , he suggested that the committee should commence the subscription , he , therefore , would put down his shilling . This example was followed by several other members , and thesum of seven shillings and sixpence was subscribed on the spot . The comsnittee then adjourned . On Thursday evening , April 15 th , the committee re-assembled at the above room ? . In the absence ef the president , Mr J . Shaw was called to the chair . The secretary read a communication from Mr Smith of Glasgow , enclosing two shillings . The letter was received with much satisfaction . The Secretary brought up and read the " Address , " given below . On the motion of Messrs Clark and Mihio , the " Address" was adopted . On the mation of Messrs Clark and G . W . Wheeler , it was resolved that five hundred copies of the "jAnnual Report" and " Address" just adopted be printed together , in a four-paged pamphlet , uniform with the pamphlets previously printed by the Committee , and that copies be sent to Lord Paimerston , the principal members of Parliament , the honorary members , and friends of the committee . The committee then adjourned to meet again on the first Wednesday in May .
The Democratic Committee For Po Land's R...
THE DEMOCRATIC COMMITTEE FOR PO LAND ' S REGENERATION , TO THE PEOPLE OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND . Fbiesds , —We have placed before you ( in our annual report ) the exact position of this committee ; and at the same time nave indicated the means by whicii you may make oar mission a reality , productive of unquestionable advantages to the Polish cause . It is for you to determine whether you will so strengthen our hands as to enable us to perform the part of efficient and successful workers in the cause of Poland ' s Regeneration . The necessity for popular agitation to compel the British government to perform a part in relation to Poland worthy of the honour of this country , has
been sufficiently proved by the conduct of the ministry andlegislature on the occasion of the discussion of Mr Hume ' s resolutions respecting Cracow and the Russo-Dutch Loan . Mr Hume ' s resolutions , which were published in this committee ' s " Monthly Report" for March , denounced the confiscation of Cra . com as a " manifest violation of the treaty of Vienna ; " and after reciting the payments already made by this country on account of the Russo-Dutch loan , the fact that those payments had been undertaken in consideration of the general arrangements of the Congress of Vienna , which arrangement had been violated by Russia , concluded by declaring that "the payments from this country should be henceforth suspended . " After three nights' discussion , the above
resolutions were withdrawn by their mover , a step tbe propriety of which may be severely questioned . True , there was a probability that had a division beon taken the majority , in obedience to the wishes of the Ministry , would have voted the " previous question , " but if so , the evil of such a decision would have carried with it its own correction . Had a " division" taken place , the people of this country would have then known , accurately and completely , the men who would dishonour England by proclaiming her vassalage to the Tsar . " TJiey who are not with us are against us , " and the temporisers and false friends of Poland should be repudiated with those dastards and worshippers of despotism who txvow their admiration of the Autocrat and his
fellowtyrants . Mr Hume ' s resolutions were opposed by ministers on the ground tbat the Government had already protested against the annexation of Cracow , and that , therefore . it would be useless aud undignified to pass resolutions on the subject , unless the House of Commons was determined to follow up words by acts . This is true ; but the same objection applies to the ministerial" protest . " If words are useless unless followed by a decisive course ol action , then , according to the Government ' s own showing , Lord Palmerston ' s " protest" was a wretched farce . As regards the payments made by this country on account of the Russo-Dutch loan , ministers justified the continuance of those payments principally on the ground that , to cease oavine the nal / m
sum of a few score thousand pounds yearly would be shabby , notwithstanding that Russia had broken her share of the contract which ,, to say the least , was intimately connected with these payments . The sum already paid , and to be paid , is altogether not so paltry a sum . From the year 1816 to the year 1810 , both inclusive , the sum paid amounts to M three millions three hundred and seventy-four thousand four hundred and seventy-nine pounds sterling . " The liquidation of the principal and interest of tlie remaining part of the loan will require further annual payments from the "British treasury till the year 1015 , amounting to " three millions nine hundred anil seventeen thoawnd one hundred and eightyseven pounds sterling , " making an average for each of the hundred years , of seventy-two thousand nine hundred and sixteen pounds , and the total aggregate
payment seven millions two hundred aud sinkttc-OSE THOVJSiSD SIX HUNDRED AND SlXTt-SlX rOUKDS sisnuxo I Our rulers appear to be thoroughly obtuse to tho something worse than " shabbiness , " the gross wickedness of taking these enormous sums from the impoverished people of this country , to save the overflowing coffers of the imperial plunderer of empires , who alone should be responsible for the debt due to the Patch money-jobbers . Ministers were kindly assisted by the arguments of Sir William Molesworth , the mack liberal M . P . for Souttiwavk , who undertook to prove tbat tho money paid by England on behalf of Russia and Holland , was paid on account of certain colonies seized irom Holland , and retained by this country . Thh explanation , if correct , only strengthens the aj ^ umeut we bave ever maintained that tho Arrange-
The Democratic Committee For Po Land's R...
ments of 1815 should be totally abrogated , It , some generation or two back , the English government depnved Holland of h ° r lawful possessions , and ultimately sanctified the wrong by compelling Holland to accept a pecuniary compensation instead of returning tne stolen property , makine that compensation nLlT / lf ! u S . S leMl * 9 Um extracted from the hS SdW « k l » doe 8 not meBd the raatter for an addflnSl 8 C ° & ' "J t , le cmt ™ J , " N ™ entiretSw n tileip "Pudiation ofthe 111 FLEE W Ita *« M that if the people will submit to it , generations yet unborn will be ftSSfi t brf : L thi 8 - debtf 0 r ^ beSof Russia ? One tbing , however , is pretty certain that lan <» h « fore the year 1915 England will be & or won . ^ We hope and believe the latter We have fervent faith that long before . that time the people will have " their am again , and it so , we doubt not that they will
have the good sense to pay off Russian tyrants and Dutch money-traffickcrs ( supposing either then to exist , a very doubtful matter ) with a wipe of the sponge . Tho leaders ofthe " Protectionists , " Lord Geor » e Bentinckand Mr Disraeli , signalised themselves by their rabid denunciations of the Poles and their disgusting laudation ol Poland ' s oppressors , With an assurance that could have been produced only by a combination of the grossest ignorance and insolence , Lord G . Bentinok read to the Home of Commons what he called the revolutionary constitution of Poland . The document he read was an act organizing the insurrection , in which the penalties of martial law were necessarily included . But this was n « Constitution . The Cracow Manifesto , the precursor of tbe intended Constitution-proclaimed the nrin-£ 5 Tw « qu . , Htyi f » torn & y . j ttitice and Mercy , «?™ Manifesto Lord George Bentinck founds ssr-s aspa : _ * •* - »*
-Far from censuring , I thank the mild , tho clement Emperor of Austria ; I thank tin just King of Prussia ; and I thunk . ho th 8 Emparor of Russia . 1 thank the Three Powers that their too lon forbearance has at last given way to tbe % merey of decision , ' and that they havesniotherod this deu uf revolutionists , who promised to keep Europe continually in hot water , whilst they were ruining tbeir own country , and disturbing the peace of their neighbours !" Well might the house resound with derisive lmghter , while listening to "his lordship . " We trust his words will be remembered . Lord G . Bentinck aspires to be the Prime Minister of this country ; it is well , therefore , that the English people should know his true sentiments . The despotic sympathies of Lord G . Bentinck sufficiently exhibit the s ; rt of " Protection" the people may expect , should he and his party ever acquire power . Mr . Disrieli , not content with prostituting his
talents to an elaborate j ustification of tho faith-breakin ? acts of the objects of his .- 'dmiration , the despotic deipoilers of Poland , descended to the pitiful meanness of insulting the weak and fallen . With ! an assumed obliviousness of history , he insinuated that Poland had produced no great men . In reply , it may suffice to name Sobieski , Copernicus and Kosciusko , but we should add that these stand not alone , they are the representatives of warriors , philosophers and patriots , that may compare with the truly great of any nation . It is not true that the struggles in Poland are tbe efforts merely of " a subverted aristocracy endeavouring to regain power . " Thcinsurrec tion of Cracow was the work of mon who earnestly desired the liberation and happiness of all classes of Poles , and their Manifesto faithfully represented the intent and object of the insurrection . Mr Disraeli ' s speech will not , however , injure any one but himself . That speech stamps him the apologist of despotism and the enemy of progress .
'" Th true , ' tis pity , and pity ' tis 'tis true . " In accordance with the wishes of several Polish friends we here reprint the petition prepared by this committee , adopted at a public meeting , and presented by Mr T . S . Duncoraba to the House of Commons in the course of the debate on Mr Hume ' s resolutions : — To the Honourable tbe Commons of Graat Britain and Ireland , iu Parliament assembled , — Sheweth : That despotic governments , foreign and ho . itilo to the people of Poland , have by brute force and cruelty reduced the people of that country to a state of slave r and misery unexampled in the history of civilized nations .
That this melancholy fact has bean repeatedly brought under the consideration of the British Parliament , but tvithoat producing fhst energetic action on the part of the British Government in behalf of the Polish nation , which , in the opinion of your petitioners , justice demands . Tbat the recent forcible annexation of Cracow to the Austrian empire was , In the opinion of your petitioners , bo gross a violation ofthe treaty of Vienna as to Nader that treaty no longer binding upon the several states of Europe . _ That your petitioners must express their dissatisfaction at the course taken by Her Majesty ' s advisers in relation to th * confiscation of Cracow . When faithless powers , whose only trust is iu brute force , have to be dealt with , it is the opinion of your petitioner ! that acts , not words , should declare the will of this great nation .
That while your petitioners desire tbe continuance of peace , they nevertheless ardently desire justice to the oppressed at any cost ; they , therefore , earnestly pray your honourable House to address Her Majesty the Queen , that she will bo pleased to direct her ministers to forthwith cease intercourse with the governments of Russia , Austria , and Prussia , and to take , with ths concurrence of Parliament , such other steps as msy be deemed most advisable towards ensuring the restoration of Poland to the full extent of her ancient boundaries , and securing to the people of that country the full power to establish institutions independent of foreign control , calculated to secure the rights and happiness of the entire PoUsb people . And j-our petitioners , < fcc , ic .
It is upon the broad principles laid down in the above petition , that this Committee bases its agitation on behalf of Poland . The confiscation of Cracow , and the payment of tribute to Russia , in the shape ofthe Russo-Dutch Joan , are questions of minor importance , compared with the great question of Po ' and ' s right to independence as a nation . If we protest ngainst the confiscation of Cracow , it is because we regard that act as the crowning crime of the long Hat of atrocities perpetrated by Poland's assassins . If we protest against the payments made on account of the Russo-Dutch loan , it is because we
hold our country to be dishonoured in paying tribute to , or on behalf of the arch-enemy of liberty . If we remind the British Parliament that the Treaty ot Vienna has been utterly vio ' ated by the despotisms , we do so to remind the British government that they have no longer any excuse for respecting a set of arrangements which have ever ueen odious to the people of this country , as well as cruelly unjust to the people of Poland . In common with the Poles themselves , we protest against all the wrongs of which Poland has been the victim from 1772 to the present time .
The British government affects to found its foreign policy upon the principle of" non intervention ; " but the truth is , it interferes when it should let alone , and is quiescent when it should be active , Spain and Syria , and the Republics of the River Plate , present notable instances of British intervention—we regret to add not much to the creilit of this country . At this moment , the government is about to interfere in the affairs of Portugal , for the purpose of maintaining a worthless Queen on the throne , »' n spite of the wMiss of the people of that country . In the case of Poland , action is held to be out of the question . Why so ? Why this distinction between Portugal and Poland ? Because in the case of Portugal , British intervention is employed to protect
despotism ; whereas , in Poland , intervention could oaly bo employed in favour of the people . It is this system of protesting kings and queen ? , and fighting against tlie people , which has brought so much odium upon England , the people of this country suffering in character for the sins of their arUtoeratical and irresponsible rulers . A . truly national government , a government really representing the people of England , would leave the Portuguese to settle accounts with their rulers in the way they deemed best ; at the same time , such a government would at once interfere to save Poland from further suffering , by compelling the cukthvoat robbers who have despoiled her , to retire from their prey , leaving tlie Polish people to the enjoyment of the blsssines of
freedom and self-government . That tbe British Government will not take this > just and honourable course is fully evident ; it is , | therefore , necessary that the friends of Poland should j unceasingl y labour to promote that state of public opinion which will insure national action in tho right direction whenever anothes European struggle comes ,, j or so soon as the British people have acquired their : own rights , and with those rights the consequent power of controlling the government . We have , spoken of another European struggle ; that struggle will certainly come . Despite the dreams of" nerma- ' nent and universal peace" indulged in by certain enthusiasts , that raillcnitim is not yet nigh . Oa the one hand , the people are- determined to be free ; on the other , the despots are determined to I maintain their power ; " might makes right" is their
creed ; they will , therefore , use the force with which they are armed to beat down the people . War , therefore , sooner or later , is inevitable . The question is not , shall there l » peace or war ? but whether this country shall take the side of the oppressors or the oppressed ? The British people must decide . Glory or infamy , the gratitude of nations or their vengeful hatred , will be the reward of this country according as it may act in the future contests between the peo « pie and their tyrants . The crusade for the deliverance of Eastern Europe must and will march onward . The signs of the times assure us that with or without the aid of the working classes of this country the propaganda for Poland ' s restoration will advance . It is in the power of the people to stamp the movement with a democratic character and ensure , tbat its end shall be the triumph of democracy ; bet if they regard the i movement with apathy aad , short-sighted prejudice ,
The Democratic Committee For Po Land's R...
then otherclsssej may influence its character , and it results may be less favourable to humanity . Let a one suppose that the question of Poland ' s regeneration is not intimately connected with the progress of popular power and freedom in this country . Th * " Cracow Manifesto" combines the " People ' s Charter" with measures which would necessaril y follow the enactment of the " Charter . " The propaganda ofthe "Manifesto" is the agitation of the " Charter ; " therefore , by giving a helping hand to oat Polish brethren , we aid them in their struggle and at the same time advance our own cause : we win the fraternal affection of the people of other lands , and pr * ve our own worthiness of the freedom weaspiro to . Forward , then , one and all . ' " Freedom ' s battle once begun , Bequeath'd by Weeding sire to son , Thoush baffltd oft , is ever won . "
Signed on behalf of the commiteo , EttMESt Jokes , President G . Jr /« A . Y ILnmr , Sec . London , April 15 th , 1847 .
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Mondai, Aran. 12, House Of Commons.—Lord...
Mondai , Aran . 12 , HOUSE OF COMMONS . —Lord J . Russeli , gave notice for Thursday to move for leave to bring in a bill for the suppression of vagrancy in Ireland : Mr . IiABoccnEttK again postponed his motion for leavfl to bring in a bill for the reclamation of waste lands in Ireland , which stood la the ; notice ] paper for Tuesday to Tuesday next . Sdroeo . vs and Pathastebs . —On motion that the bouse go into Committee of Sapply ,
Sir Howabd Docqlas called the attention of the house to the case of medical officers , surgeon * , and paymasters of regiments , who had not been included in tbe warrant issued in July , 184 G , with a view to securing an " improved retirement" to nil officers of the regimental staff . Mr Fox Uavls thought tbat a much stranger case should be made out to induce Die Koverumt-ut to depart from the warrant in question , Thehouso might rely upon it that the government would pay that attention to all officers connected with tbe service , which was consistent with the finances of the country . After a few words from Mr Hume and Colonel Lindsay , the subject was dropped . Abmt ( taiEVASCES . —On the motion that the Speaker leave the chair ,
Sir Vz LAcr Evaks , after drawing the attention of the house to a comparison between the military and naval expenditure of Franco and that of this country , in refutation of the assertions frequently made by Mr flume and others , to the effect that this country was unnecessarily extravagant in reference to these two services , and after quoting Mr M Culloch , to show that it was erroneous to place the soldier and sailor in the category of iion-productiva persons , called attention to the Treasury regulation respecting ration stoppages in the colonies , to tbe propriety of amending the 72 nd clause of tbe Mutiny Act , to the claims of old Peninsular officers who bad sold their commissions , to the medal to be granted for that war , and to a variety of other matter * connected with the service , and concluded by moving na address to her Majesty , praying that she might be graciously pleased to direct an impartial inquiry into all these matters , with a view to the correction of the abuses connected with them , should such correction appear expedient .
Mr Fox Mauib would refrain from following the hon-Durable and gallant gentleman through all the topics which he had introduced into his speech , and which comprehended alraast every species of complaint that bad ever been made in the houie in connection with the service . He would remind the honourable and gallant gentleman , however , that a very great deal had been recently done to improve the condition of every department of the army , and begged to suggest to him that it was inexpedient , whilst the Government was doing all that lay in its power , consistently with the financial state of the . country , to place the army , in all its ranks aud grades , upon a better footing than heretofore , to ride a willing horse , if not to death , at least until he could go no further . The conversation was continued by Colonel Lindsay , Mr Hume , and Mr Williams ; after which , the motion was withdrawn . Saw Estimates , —The House then went into Committee of Supply upon the Navy Estimates , whereupon
Mr Yulliahs called the attention ef the committee and government to the inefficient state of many of tho ships in the service , and inveighed against tbe yearly increasing estimates for the naval departments , which he mainly attributed to tbe gross jobbing which took place in the dockyards , and to the extrai'ngatit expenditure of which they were the scene . This gave rise to a lengthy debate , which ended in nothing , Tbe estimates underwent discussion and were subsequently agreed to . The house then resumed , and tbe report was ordered to be received on Tuesday , The report on the Army Service Bill was then brought up and received The bill to be read a third time on Thursday , The other business was then disposed of , aud tha House adjourned at half-past one o ' clock . TUESDAY , April 1 , 3 . HOUSE OF C 0 MM 0 KS—The Speaker took tho chair at i o ' clock .
GOVEBNMENT ScUEKI OF EDUCATION . —Mr T , DtTKcombe gave notice , tbat on reading tha order of tho day for a committee of supply , he should move that previous to any grant of public money being assented to by this house , for the purpose of carrying out the scheme of national education , as developed in the minutes of the Committee of Council on Education in August and December last , which minutes have been presented to both , bouses of Parliament by command of her Majesty , a select committee be appointed to inquire into tbe justice and expediency of such scheme , and its probable annual cost ; also , to inquire whether the regulations attached thereto do not unduly increase the inftaence ofthe Crown , invade the constitutional functions of Parliament , and interfere with the rdigious ceavictions and the civil rights of her Majesty's subjects . The committee to report their opision with tbe evidence to tbe house .
Registration of Voters . —Mr VTalpole moved for leuve to bring in " a bill to amend tbe law for the registration of persons entitled to vote in the election of members to serve iu Parliament for England and "Wales , pursuant to suggestions contained in tbe report of tho committee on votes of electors . " The object of this bill was to prevent the wholesale objections which bad been frequently made in counties to voters possessing bona fide qualifications , aud to give to such voters a right to remain on tbe register , without being exposed to frivolous and vexatious objections . He yropo'ed notarially to alter the machinery of registration . First , be would give to those voters who had once proved their votes the
privilege of remaining on tbe register , without being liable to these objections in future ; aud if objections wtra made , the objector sbeuld bounder the liability of a heavier penalty . The second object , which would be a great improvement , was to draw a distinction , between , objections resting on merely technical grounds , and those which went to the merits of the qualification . The third object was to give to tbe revising barristers greater powers than they now possessed of correcting and purifying the register . Tbis bill was entirely in accordance with tho suggestions of tho committee of last year , except that their first suggestion had not beea included . Leave was given to bring in the bill .
Retail Bieb-houses . —MrMuNiz moved for leave to bring iu a bill to enable retail brewers in the midland eountiss to keepopeu their houses till twelve o'clock at night , the same as the metropolitan retail brewers . He also presented a petition signed by between TOO and 300 retail brewers of tbe midland counties in favour of the measure . These traders were of opinion that they were unfairly dealt with in being obliged to close their places of business at eleven o'clock at night , instead of at twelve o ' clock , when the licensed victuallers closed their houses . The result was , tbat persons who were drinking in the houses of the retail brewers went to finish the evening at the licensed victuallers ,, and paid the latter
money which they ought to leave with the former . ( Laughter . ) . He could not see why the retail-brewers of Louden should have the privilege of keeping open an hour longer than their fellow-traders living in the large pro * vincial towns . It was said the hours were later in the metropolis , but though tbis might be tbe case as far as the nobility and gentry were concerned , it did not apply to the working classes . For his own part , he thought the privilege of being allowed to sell beer given to the retail brewers in tbe first instance was an injury to the licensed victuallers , but when the house did give them that privilege be could see no reason why the further right for which tbey now . sought should be refused to tnerau .
Sir Gbokoe Gret said , as the bon . gentleman had I stated bis grounds for introducing tbe bill so very shortly , , be wenld be equally brief in the observation which he e should offer upon it . He thought it wai hardly worth a white to agree to the introduction of the bill , seeing that it it would be impossible for him to consent to its further < v progress . The law ofcthe 3 rd and 4 th of Victoria , chap . ? . 61 , fixed three periods during which these becrshopa—for > r such they were —( hear)—might be kept open . He did [ d not mean to throw any reflection ou thesa by calling them m beerahops , because be believed that iu Manchester and id several other large towns the greater number of them m were respectably conducted , but they were still of a class ss very distinct from tbe houses kept by the licensed victual ,- itlers . Bythcaet which he had just mentioned , the retail iH brewers nere allowed in London , Westminster , and the he
metropolitan districts , to keep open their bouses until til twelve at sight . In the large towns thty could keep them ; ra open till eleven o ' clock , and iu the country until ten en o ' clock The proposition ofthe hon . gentleman was , that lat in ill cases where these persons were now allowed to to keen their places of bu * iness open to eleven they should nld hewsftcr keep them open until twelve o ' clock . He could u ! d s « e no reason for disturbing the existing arrangement In t In that manner . Under the efficacy of the supervision of l of the metropolitan police , tho extension now allowed was was not likely to be improperly exercised , and in Birmingham ism and some of the other large towns , the police be bad no J no doubt were very eftlclent . When tbe hon , gentleman , aan , however , proposed to extend his bill to all ' towns havbjg vb ' ig 00 , 000 inhabitants or upwards , be ( Sir George Ore *) felt } felt it his duty to resist the motion , and he should , fterefor « i fore , opposofbe introduction of tbe bill .
MrMuNMsaidhe shoulifeel it bis d « t » to take the a thai sense of tbe house on tho question . Tbe house divided , when tbe aumbry were—
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), April 17, 1847, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_17041847/page/7/
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