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FRANCE. More Calumnies—Escape of Sou Mag...
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INDIA. THE BURMESE WAR. THE OVERLAND MAI...
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THUNDER STORMS IN FRANCE . A letter from...
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THE: FALL OF THIS FRENCH REPUBLIC. By Xa...
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gfWHCE— . DOfUTABlB , IWITJ 3 BSAL , EIERNA 1 ! THE TRUTH TO THE PEOPLE . Gireme the liberty to know , to utter , and to argae fn e' . y ae ; ord iog to conscience , above all liberties . —Mimon .
Wiiat * a spectacle for gods and men' is this General Election , not yet terminated , bat now rapidlydrawing to a close . The boroughs have pronoaRced , ' and the counties are in coarse of doing the same . Another week and the farce will be over ; and there will be collected , ready for legislatorial action , the most mindless , soulless , heartless crew of shams , tricksters , counterfeits , and impostors , ever got together since Parliaments had real existence .
The election here and there of a man of principle , and here and there of a man of talent , devoid of principle , cannot invalidate the charge of unfitnessmoral and mental—chargeable against the House as a whole . Not under the Boroughmongering system , not under the Premiership of Walpole the corrupt , not under the sovereignly of Charles the dissolute , could be found bo base a Parliament . For in those days , amidst the general corruption and debasement , there stood out as in hold relief men of great minds , daring hearts , lofty aspirations , and unpurchaseable patriotism . How many such will bo found in the new Parliament ? "With few and rare exceptions , the
constituencies have deliberately set aside patriotism , talent , and consistency , to bestow their suffrages upon the most contemptible " of Political Eunuchs : Protectionists who eschew Protection ; Free Traders who shrink from going the length of perfect Free Trade ; Conservatives ready to sacrifice the nation to conserve their own selfish supremacy ; and Reformers , who differ in nothing essential from their rivals , and who will be as ready as tiicy to vote new Coercion Bills and Gagging Bills , if by any accident the now degraded masses should arouse from their apathy and exhibit anything like earnestness in demanding 'Beforrn . '
"Were this new Parliament the result of a Napoleonic ' appeal to the People . 'the fruit of an Election conducted under terror of bayonets , a Btifisd Press , and the threat of transportation to all who might dare to g ive an independent vote , such a result would be less humiliating . Exerciain-r the Franchise under such circumstances , it is of small moment whether the Suffrage be restricted or ' universal . ' But , in this country , the want of the Ballot ' notwithstanding' the electors have no reasonable excuse for such self-abasement as they have exhibited thus far , and will exhibit to the end of this miserable farce . Ifc is but twenty years since the ' Reform
Bill' was made law , and already the Representative System it inaugurated exceeds in rottenness the system it superseded . This can be accounted for only by looking to the class character of the men whom ? he'Reform Bill' invested with the national sovereignty . Numerous individual exceptions admitted , the fact is not to be gainsayed that the buying-andselling , bartering-and-huxttring , ranks of society , are essentially the roeanesf portion of the community , and the worst fitted to be trusted with the guardianship of the State . We have progressed from bad to worse , until now we are doomed to witness the appointment of a Parliament that will exhibit the very incarnation of bourgeoise baseness .
But the Electors are not alone to blame . They would not have dared to have rejected such men as Newton and Cokikghah , bat thatthey knew the great m ass of the non-electors were indifferent to the issue of the struggle . I grant the active exertions of some scores , the enthusiasm of gome hundreds , and the hands upraised of some few thousands . But these three sections combined constitute but a small minority of the non-electors . The greater number may also be divided into three sections : the 'Well "Wishers to the Good Cause , '—wishing well , bat
quiescentmen who leave to others to sow and to reap , supposing they do their part if they simpl y enjoy . Another section consists of the mere ' mob ' of brainless , blatant blockheads , who now shout for ' the big loaf , ' as fiifty years ago they would have shouted for * Church and King . * Lastly , there is the countless array of the » IndifferenlsS vrho 'take no p art in Politics , 'who are content to work , and eat , and sleep , and die ; heedless of the requirements of Durr , caring not , though honour or shame be their country ' s portion—Freedom or Slavery their children's inheritance .
In not even one place—borough , city , or countyhave the general body of fee working men , the nonelectors , performed their duty to themselves , their children , and their country , fully and fearlessly . These are unpopular words , but they most have utterance . The people are not to be saved by flattery . Sycophants are their deadliest foes . East Loudon has been the St . Antoine cf December , whereas it should have been the St . Antoine of July or February ; and might have been without the effusion of 3 drop of blood . Heaven forbid I should underrate the enthusiasm and the gallant efforts of those who did fheir duty . But I cannot shut my eyes to the fact , that
despite the numberless meetings of Mr . Newtos ' s friends held within the Hamlets during months past , the masses were not moved , or they would not have permitted the disgrace of Clay and Btjxleu being sent to Parliament as the elect of the borough , imposed by some few thousand electors upon a population numbering nearl y 450 , 000 . "What does it avail that Clay , and Butler are hooted and execrated , unable to obtain a hearing , and compelled to deliver what they have to say to the reporter merely ? What does it matter that Newton is hailed with deafening shouts of applause , and declared the elected of the
Hustings constituency ? The execrated enter the Legislature , the applauded finds himself at the bottom of the poll i ' But the restricted Suffrage ? ' Of course I do not forget that ; but what I must maintain is , that that restricted Suffrage exists only because the great mass of the people do not «* tde-Quatelywj tL its overthrow ; also , that despite that restriction , the miserable menopo'i sis of the Franchise would be compelled , even under the present system , toelectroot-and-branch-reformersof that system , were the people , in their multitudinous might to shownnmistakeably show—their resolution to have honest Reformers elected to the Legislature .
But all short-comings notwithstanding , the men of the Tower Hamlets hold an honourable position compared with the country at large . Generally where the greatest interest has been taken in the election by the non-electors , they have exhibited themselves in the disgraceful charactc-r of blind partisans of men by whom they are 'coked upon as viler than the vilest dross . When the other day at the North Essex nomination the second Tory candidate , one of the Bebeseokd gang , a name of sinister significance in Ireland , bad the astounding impudence to say to the non-electors , ' I despise you from my heart as the vilest rabble I ever saw , ' he but spoke the
sentiment of his class in general . He was hissed and groaned , but had he met with his deserts it is not hissing and groaning he would hare escaped with . Whether shouting tor the 'big loaf or against 'Maynooth , ' whether howling 'No Popery , ' or 'Down with the Derbyites , ' the non-electors were but doing the dirty work of knaves who , whatever they may disagree about , cordially unite and harmoniously combine to keep them in political bondage and social slavery . What a wretched spectacle to see a multitude of grown men shouting , swearing , cursing , cuffing , fighting , struggling under a July sun with , apparently , all the frantic fury of demons let loose , some for the ' yellow , ' some for the ' blue ; ' one side for
our Protestant Institutions , ' the other for half a bell yful of ' cheap bread ! ' It is true that in some places , in the North of England particularly , the forking men—while not doing in all respects as they Wight to have done—have nevertheless not degraded "jsinselves by such brutal folly ; but the above description does apply to , although it but very feebly pictures , the insensate conduct of the misled multimde IB a v ast number of places . In Ireland , the contest being fought chiefly upon religious grounds , the conmct has been all the more brutal . There terror , j ^ Mids , and death testify to the holy zeal and j tona bigotry of the combatants . Yet we hoaitof prog ress ! ' In the name of common sense — so lv to
J ^' outraged—of what interest the poor and the ^ en franchised are these faction-fights of rival ¦ arches and rival oppressors . Will the people ^ ev r learn that the rich and the privileged , whatever jJ"JP . 7 and sectarian designations , arereally of one S fcir- * ? ° ] itics an < * religion , and engaged in one conjjj / y > in ' one unholy compact to rob the millions of Wn tl ^ - ^ ^ suustaace * ^ wor W > and to P tuem in ' terror-strkken bondage by threatening
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them with perdition in a world to come ? For working men to fight the battles of aay of the sects or parties info which their oppressors are seemingly divided , is to be guilty of the most writ . bed selfabasement . One of two courses : The People should either absolutely and entirely hoi J aloof fr /> m such a contest as this General Election , » r taking part therein , they should do so only to fight their own battle and conquer turn own emancipation . By taking the first course they would exhibit some show of dignity , some sense of self-respect . By taking the second they would do themselves honour , and gain the glory of achieved regeneration . The new Parliament will be that which the
Electors have made , and the Non-fifectors have permitted them to make . And talk as we may about ' nonrepresentation , ' that Parliament will too faithfully represent the corruption , the ignorance , the bowgeoisc baseness of the Electors ; it will also ^ represent ( alas ! that I should hare to pen it !) the inertness , the folly , the criminal anti-patriotism of the great body of the people . These are harsh words , but true . The people ' s
cause has been ruined by lying and delusion , and liars and delusionists still seek to perpetuate ' the craft i > y which they live . ' That the people may understand their actual present position , and thereby be prepared to welcome a worthier future , it is necessary that the Truth , unmitigated , undiluted , be thundered in their ears . By falsehood they have been enslaved and degraded , by falsehood they have been misguided ; the Truth alone can make them Free ! L'AMI DU PEUPLE .
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France. More Calumnies—Escape Of Sou Mag...
FRANCE . More Calumnies—Escape of Sou Maga—Unprecedented heat—2 Ieditatcd Partition of Switzerland—Bonaparte in starch of " glory . " ( From our own Correspondent . ) Paris , July 14 th . Rumours continue to be industriously spread among the working men of an amnesty for the Republicans , to be published on the 15 th of the next month . It has been said that the principal of the democratic refugees are not averse to return under the dominion of Moustache . Some even went
the length of saying that Louis Blanc had made overtures to Bonaparte . 1 never entertained any doubt of the falsehood of this report ; but if I had , it would have been set at rest by the indignant denial which Louis Blanc has published . It is not at all unlikely that suoh a sop for the workers is meditated , in order to gain their support on the approaching Napoleonic / ete day . It is also believed that on that day a presidential decree will be published conferring titles of nobility upon those sneaking parasites of the Elysee , Fialin , Cassabianca , Baroche , & c . . Elevation to " nobility , " however , is not , in my opinion , quite the sort of elevation they merit .
On Saturday night Bou-Maza , who was detained prisoner in the citaael of Bam , succeeded in effecting bis escape . All that is known of the matter is that he took the railway at Monteeourt , and that be had with him a miller ' s man , who used to act as his servant . The only luggage that the fugitives had with them was a trunk and a carpet bag . The news of his escape was immediately transmitted to the various authorities . , The extreme heat , which has caused the madness and deavh of eo many of out canine population within the past week , seems to nave somewhat affected the heads of many of the elderly females of the metropolis also , for they positively announce , on the authority of some astronomer , that to-morrow , without fail , we will be blessed wi h a heat so intense , as to reach at least fifty degrees in the shade . This very gracious prophecy is completed by the pleasant announcement of the death of at least half the population of Paris and suburbs , caused by the fifty degrees aforesaid .
A deplorable accident occurred on Monday at one of the pubiic baths on the Seine . About 100 bathers were crowded together on a small wooden bridge , connecting together two parrs of the bath at the Quat d'Orleans , He St . Louis . The bridge gave way , and all those upon it were precipitated into the river . Six of them perished , and their bodies were taken to the Morgue . The bath has been closed by the police until after a government inspection of its construction shall be made . Bonaparte continues to tempt Austria with a plan for the partition of Switzerland ; but desirioua , as is that rascally power of pouueing upon that Republic , it is held back by the fear of aggrandising Louis Napoleon , who is too slippery to be trusted , and by the thought that be is an unanointed thief ; and baa , therefore , no " legitimate" right to share in the robbery .
It is reported that soon after the approaching ceremony of the inauguration of the Strasbourg Railway , and after a tour in the southern provinces , the President will , in parton , take the command of a military expedition in Algeria , in order to acquire a little glory to adorn the coming Empire . I can scarce credit this rumour , when I consider the evidences of his personal cowardice that have oozed out since December . I cannot but remember too the halfsuppressed indignation of the Republican army of Algeria , and ask , is it likely the traitor will risk setting fire to the mine by his hateful presence ? It is certain , however , that
he is driven to some such resolve by the jeers of the military chiefs , who scarce conceal their contempt at his ridiculous assumption of military honours without having been in a single engagement . If he meet not his reward in Algeria , be will ultimately obtain it in Prance . Neither the spirit nor the faith of the Republicans is dead . A bookseller ' s clerk , named Marescot , one of the alleged confederates of Gent in the Lyons plot , has been condemned by the court-martial to ten years' imprisonment . When told by the president that he would be allowed two hours to appeal , he cried , " Vire la Republique ! that is the only appeal I shall make . "
ITALY . Papal and Austriantyranny—Austrian atrocities i } i Lombardy . HOME . —The Austrians who occupy the northern provinces of the Itoman States are continually degrading themselves by acting as executioners and torturers to the papal authorities , taking the slightest hint of ecclesiastical displeasure as an excuse for wreaking their cruelties upon an unoffending and unresisting people . On the 20 th of last month , some young men in Jesi pot on mourning in commemoration of an anniversary allusive to the Italian victim * of the Lombard revolution and campaign . On learning this the papal governor , denounced fifty-seven persons as anarchists to the Austrian Commander-in-chief , whose Bead-quarters are at Ancona . The Austrian-general , quite as zealous and violent as the papal governor , determined to carry out bis own measures of
punishment without any investigation orformaiity whatever taking the governor ' s unattested report as fully establishing the dangerous character of the demonstration . Two companies of soldiers were marched to Jesi to carry bis orders into execution . Five individuals had to undergo the degradation and suffering of a public flogging in tho streets of the town , three others vere conducted to Ancona in the humiliating position of criminals , obliged to march on foot for a distance of eighteen miles in a scorching sun , notwithstanding their protestations and offers to pay for carriages , if allowed to make use of them , aud finally , the remainder of the so-called culprits were fined in various sums , to be given in cbrrity , which , by the bye , no one would receive for distribution . Edward Murray is still ^ confinement at Ancona , and Mr . Consul Moore is still insisting to see him alone , as there is no written law , or even usage , to prevent him , evervtbing depending upon the will of the authorities .
Four individuals having been sentenced to death for murder at Fcrli , the inhabitants of the town , believing that two had been unjustly condemned , either abandoned the town or closed their shops and houses on ! he 25 th ult ., the day fixed for their execution . The Apostolical delegate immediately issued a proclamation , ordering the re-opening of the shops , and the Ausuianroilitary commander gave notice that the inhabitants who . didnot comply with the injunction should be fined from three to forty scudi . A list of the delinquents was drawn up , and seventy-two were oblig 8 dtop » ythefine . _ Political arrests in
LOMBAtiuY . — aye now going on Lombard ? to an extent which proves at once the universality of the dissatisfaction with the Austrian government , and the consciousness of the government that it is in imminent danger There have been forty-seven arrests in Mantua and its province , others at Verona , others at Brescia , others at Mibin « fcc , ' These wholesale arrests have their rise in the following incident : —A search « ras made in some house , on suspicion that the inmates vfere concerned in smuggling ; O-e of the Mazzini loan notes was unexpectedly discovered in the house . The holder was induced to mention the name of tho person who bad given him the note . This person was arrested : all tho letters , even those of tho most
France. More Calumnies—Escape Of Sou Mag...
immaterial and inoffensive kind , found in his house were used as indications of new persons to be arrested , the police hoping that the very multiplicity and promiseuousness of the arrests would lead accidentally to discoveries . Perhaps the most significant fact connected with these arrests is the condition in life of the parsons arrested . Among the forfj ' -serefl arrested , are tho heuda of the clergy in their respective communes or municipalities . Professor Henry Tassoli , a priest , was arrested a few months ago , and has bsen , since then , in prison on bread and water diet , aud subjected to all kind * of torturing contrivances , in the hope of obliging him to make revolutions . Attilio Mori , engineer , Louis Castellazzi , archpricst of Bosaetti , and others , were arrested at tlie same time . At Brescia they arrested Tito Speri ; at Verona , Taocioli ; ut Milan , Giovanni Pezzotci , who was found strangled in his prison the next day . Pezzotti was a man of high intellectual attainments .
A letter , dated Milan , July 3 , states that it has beea ascertained that his body , immediately after his arrest , was instantly cut open , with a view to get possession of some papers which he had swallowed at the moment of his arrest . It is said , too , that the tale of his having strangled himself is a mere invention to conceal the fact that ho was assassinated . Arrests continue at Brescia , Pavia , Cremom . At , Cremona one Antonio Binda , a landed proprietor , has been arrested along with others . To those arrested at Mantua has to be added the name of Count Arrivabeue .
At Venice many deplorable arrests have been made—Scargdlina , Canal , Zambelli , Ferracini , andothers . Here , as at'Mantua , the arrests have been made in . succession , this being an old trick of the Austrian police , to induce the imprisoned to believe that they have been denounced by their previously arrested companions , and so to spread abroad though the liberal part of society the suspicion of mutual treachery . Altogether at Mantua the arrests hitherto known exceed one hundred ; at Venice there have been in all eighteen ; in the other towns the numbers are proportionate . It is impossible to describe what a misfortune to Lombardy is this fresh razzia of the police among the most intelligent and hoaoutahle of her young men . Austria seems determined not to leave one thinking man free in h » r Ita'ian dominions . Letters from Kossuth had been lately seized in different parts of Italy , and sent to the governor of Lombardy , who , on receipt of them , ordered twelve persons to be arrested at Pavia , fifteen at Milan , and a number of others at Brescia , Mantua , and Verona .
BELGIUM . The Cabinet has resigned , or rather been dismissed j for there is in the legislature a sufficient liberal majority to have enabled it to carry on the government . Tho sacrifice of the Rogier ministry , may be looked upon as another con . cession to Bonaparte and the other despotisms of Europe .
SPAIN . Rumours of coups d ' etat are again in circulation . It is well-known that the government have by no means abandoned the project , but only deferred it from timidity . A Ministerial journal , "El Orden , " lately concluded a leader with these significant words : — " The President of the Council expects his colleagues at La Granja , and everything induces a belief that the journey to that Royal residence will be fruitful in incidents , which we will endeavour to lay before our readers as they occur . " Queen Isabella , her daughter , the Princess of Asturias , the King , tho Infante Don Francisco de Paulo , and the entire Court , presided on the 4 th at a grand bullfight . The nurse of the young Infante was seated by the aide of the Queen . All the Ministers were present .
PORTUGAL . The Oriental Company ' s steam-packet Iberia , Captain 0 . F . Burney , arrived at Southampton ca Wednesday , bringing the Peninsular Mail . Count Bobadilla came on board the packet from Lisbon , and was joined by three others at Oporto , who visit England to be present at the birth of Don Miguel ' s child . The Prince Royal of Portugal , on the 8 th inst ., accompanied the Queen and King in grand state to the Cortes , where he took the oath of allegiance aud swore to maintain the charter ; from thenca proceeded to the cathedral to hear a "Te Beam , " and in the evening a grand ball was given by her Majesty at the Belem Palace . General illuminations took . place over tho city , and the English squadron in the Tagus saluted and decorated with colours .
UNITKD STATES . OUR AMERICAN CORRESPONDENCE . Death of Henry Clay—The Extradition Case—America and Europe—Engagement between French and Americans in Mexico—Revolution in Mexico—Invasion of Ewador . ( From our oivn Correspondent . J New York , June 30 th . I have a sad task to fulfil in informing you of the death of Henry Clay , who expired at the National Hotel , in Washington , at half-past eleven o ' clock yesterday morning . Although his death has been long expected , it seems to-day as if it had fallen suddenly and unexpectedly upon
us . Yesterday , every one was animated by thit subject of universal interest , the presidency ; but to-day the city seems to have lost all the animation of political excitement , which has given place to the gloom caused by the death of the celebrated statesman . The funeral has been fixed to take place to-morrow , but I have not yet heard what arrangements have been made . In the case of the extradition of Thomas Kaine , an Irishman , charged with attempting to shoot a fellowcountryman before flying to this country , tho United States Commissioner has decided in favour of the extradition .
The comuvssioner ' s decision was given at very great length . Its conclusion was as follows : — I have considered the objections taken , and not necessary here to be recapitulated , with careful deliberation , and with an anxious desire , on the one side , to do everything required by the interests of justice , and a discharge in good faith of the sacred obligations of our treaty stipulations j and , on the other , to do nothing : inconsistent with a proper regard to the security of personal liberty . On the whole I am of opinion that the papers offered in proof in the cause are riroperly authenticated , and , as the evidence itself , in my view , is sufficient to commit the prisoner had the offence been committed here , I feel it my dutj to certify the proceedings had before me to the Secretary of State of the United States , in whom i » rested the power , by the treaty , to issue a warrant for the extradition o £ the prisoner .
Of course this decision has produced a mighty ferment among the Irish portion of our citizens , and many of them even talk openly of violence to secure "justice" to than * compatriot . I regret to add that it is amongst the Irish portion of our fellow-citizens that aro found the most decided advocates for the Fugitive Slave Bill , yet I hey are now ready to rush to the rescue of a man convicted of an attempt to murder ! The cowardly , sneaking , and contemptible conduct of the two great parties in the state , in the present crisis , is the more disgusting to mo the longer I think of it . I could have scarce believed that tbey would both have thrown aside such a glorious opportunity of placing eur country in her natural position as the leader of Republican freedom throughout the world . Bat totally shirk the question they did , and still continue swinishly to snarl and scramble among the rotten ideas of the past . I do not believe that the following declarations by the two conventions express the opinions of the thinking portion of my countrymen at the present day : —
DEMOCRATIC PLATFOBM . Rcsolrcd , That , in view < , f the condition of popular institutions in the old world , a higl ) and sacred duty is devolved with increased responsibility upon the Democracy of this country , as the party of the people , to uphoMawd maintain the rights of every State , and thereby the Union of tke States , and to sustain aud advance among them constitutional liberty , by continuing to resist all monopoHts and exclusive legislation for the bentfit of the few at the expense oi the many , and hy a vigilant and constant adherence to those principles and compromises of the Constitution , which are broad euough and strong enough to embrace aud uphold the Union as i t is , and the Union as it should be , in the full expansion of the ener . gies and capacity of this great and progressive people .
WHIG UUSRER PLATFOEM . 3 . That while strugglinj ; Freedom , everywhere , enl ' sts the warmest sympathy of the Whig party , we still adhere to the doctrines of the father of our country , as announced in his farewell address , of keeping ouvselve * free from all entangling alliances with foreign cjuntrie . ' , and of never quitting our own stand upon foreign ground . That our mission as a Republic is not to proj a . - gate our opinions , or impose on other countries our form of j ? ove : nment , by artifice or force , but to teach by example , and show by our success , moderation and justice , the blessings of self-government and the advantages of free institutions . Kossuth ' s remarks on thi . s subject to tho Germans , at their late meeting at the Tabernacle are well worthy attention : —
Finally , I regard it as my duty to utter a few modest words as to the mission of the German citizens of America in their position as citizens . I do it , because the naturalised Germans of Newark have expressly asked me to do so . Tliej s & y that , since the origin of the Union , no Presidential election has had a higher or greater sfrnifi cance than the present . That is true . Tt ^ y say that : he condition of Europe , the voire of the majority of the people , and particularly the interests of the United States , render it an imperative necessitv tliat the course of political isolation which has formerly prevailed mu . « t be relinquished , an-1 the principle of active sympathy in the intern ui . nal relations of Kurope be established . Therein they are a $ ain right . Tiicy say , moreover , that the platforms of the two great parties are deficient , and do not correspond to the spirit of the times—which U also tvtxi . And they say , fiuaHy , that they
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are resolved to support those politics only , which , while ^ tlu-y wilt emanc ' wate Europe , will lead to the enduring welfare of the United States . Now this is a view which , if I nad tue honour to be a native American citizen , bound by no spcci . il tu-s to Europe , and only anxious to determine ray patriotic duty , I would take as my guide , l ' . ven my enemies , who heap me with calumnies and stale jests , which defile tliem . but not me , and who indulge lit the most maiig . man pervasion of my l »» suage , cannot deny that I have never spoken to the Germans in Ametiea without saving that tluiv first and holiest duty in America was to be Americans , and that they should take the true interests of their adopted land , without regard to their personal feelings , as their guide . I say that , to-day , virtue h the basis of Republican government , and there is no virtue which is not patriotic . But as matters now stand , philanthropy is the only true American patriotism- Selfish isolation is either a short , si-hted mistake , or an illusion and treason of the passions . It is a priticip ' e of mine never ti > mingle with any internal question of this
country—and 1 shall not do it . But no ono can regard it as an offence to say that Europe is profoundly coneerncd m the question , as to what ; course in regard to the foreign policy of the country tho future administration may pursue ; for my own country and Germany and all Europe are the objects of that policy . It is proper , therefore , to express my views on that head . And since my views of that question embrace the whole , future of America , and it is that question which is to give the main direction to the ncxtadministration , I say that the way which American patriots have to choose is clearly indicated by events . They must not be led by party names or party affinities , but by principles . Now , one party has already pronounced itself as openly hostile to that view of foreign policy which the German citizens of New York profess , and which I regard as the only salutary view for America ; ihe other party has passed it over in silence . There is , then , nothing dubious hero j the hostile declaration has alienated support—but silence leaves tho matter so far forth still open . Should tho leading organs and
leaders of the victorious faction , of the party , which declares itself unfriendly , retract thehostile programme—then the question of principle again recurs—wbich party will declare itstlt ' t ' avourable ? But , as the matter is left by the Convention , it is clear that silence is less unfavourable than declared opposition . None the less does it appear to me necessary to let the sileat party know that they cannot rest too confidently upan the logical consequences of this dilemma ; for there U a third course yet , open—viz ., that the German citizens , who agree with the declarations made at Newark , may unite-with a third independent parly , or refrain from voting , and thereby prevest a direct choice by . the parties , and throw the election into Congress , meanwhile exercising sueh a constitutional influence in the choice of representatives i i Congress , that the sup
porters of your policy there may stand ; as a solid phalanx , to control the policy of the government . I do not say that these pas & i-f « tacttcsiare desirable , but that they are possible . It is consequently the ta & k of those who accord with the Newark declaration , to make sure of an authentic interpretation of that silence . The test , reates to the principles which the leading organs of that wing cf tho silenb party which was negatively triumphant in the Convention willmaintain . Will those organs . truly assert these princip ' es and get the support of their candidates for them or not ? Let thsoi do that , and the problem is solved as to which side oppressed Europe must wish the victory ; but if to ? y do not do it—then nothias remains but to cast the wh 0 lo :. influence of the independent party upon the Congressional election , and so keep the bulancs iu its hinds .
I would much desire tosee acted upon the valuable suggestion contained in the above , to form an independent party , which would set aside both Whigs and . " Democrats . " The " San Francisco-. Herald" has a long account of an attack by a large number of Frenchmen upon a small party of Americans in Sonora , Mexico ; the excitesvent amongst the Americans in California was , in consequence , very considerable , and retaliations on the part of ; tho Americans upon the French were feared . The animosity vriiich existed towards tbs-Cbinese a few weeks ago in California , has , according to . the last accounts I have received , almost entirely disappeared .
Accounts from . Mexico state that the Congress adjourned oa the 21 sfc ult ., without making any arrangements for carrying on the government of the country . The Chamber of Deputies received a note from the Cabinet , demanding the creation of extraordinary powers for the Executive , which the Chamber refused . The papers of the capital are tiled with rumours of a coup dhtat , by . which despotic power would be assumed by President Chriata . The statement that the independence of San Juan de Nicaragua has been acknowledged by tho British government is contradicted by tho "National Intelligencer , " which says : —
If we are correctly informed , the basis of ' a Conventiaa lately spread upon here between our Secretary of State and the Minister of England , and sent out by commissioners for the decision of the government of Nicaragua and Costa ltica , did not embrace tbe . independenee of the important port of San Juan ; on the contrary , Tre have understood that basis proposed to concede the city of San Juan to the exclusive possession of Nicaragua , » b » paying to the . Mosquito Indians a stipulated sum for the relinquishment of their This cottriter-staUmetit , however , I am in , oiined to think is incorrect . Information has been received at Panama conveying the
intelligence that the Peruvian steam corvette " Remac , " Gen . Derue , had arrived from Callao , at Guayaquil , and that after a consultation with Floras , the General returned to Callao , to make arrangements to come back again immediately with a stronger force , to assist General Flores in his present invasion . lb was further stated that Gen . Flores will commence his attack on Guayaquil as soon as the necessary assistance arrives from Peru , and from what we can learn , we shall soon have some very exciting intelligence in reference to this long pending affair . The opinion is that Tlores , assisted by Peru , will have little difficulty in making an easy conquest of Eucador .
India. The Burmese War. The Overland Mai...
INDIA . THE BURMESE WAR . THE OVERLAND MAIL . Our dates from'Bombay Tare to the 5 th of June ; from Calcutta to the 3 rd of June , and from Rangoon to the 26 ! h of May . Bessein had heen taken by assault by General Godwin , with the loss of three men killed , and seven officers and twenly-four men wounded . The general had left a garrison in Bessein , aud returned to Rangoon . —Nothing was ^ nown as to the intentions of the King of Ava , nor of future ope > rations . ^ The troops were in good health . The monsoon had set in , and commerce had consequently ceased for the season . Sir Colin Campbell had met with some hard fighting , and was not expected to return to Peshawur for some ticie .
Thunder Storms In France . A Letter From...
THUNDER STORMS IN FRANCE . A letter from Marseilles of the 10 th inst states that a dreadful storm , accompanied with thunder , lightning , and torrents of rain , fell on Wednesday last on the town of Auriol and the neighbourhood . An unfortunate peasant who was sitting in bis kitchen smoaking his pipe , near his wife , who was rocking her infant in a cradle , was killed by the lightning ; the woman and child were not hurt . At the cotintry-bouso of Kotrc Dame , belonging to M . de Remusat two children and thoir grandmother were severely wounded ! A letter from Montauban of the 9 th states that the tor ! rents of rain which fell on the 7 th inst . caused considerable injury in tho canton of Lauzerte . The wheat which was cut in the fertile valley of the Baigaelonno was all swept awayby the overflowing of the river . The poor farmers , who had already suffered severely from tho hailstorms , are in a state of destitution . The communes of Denfort , Montagudet , Miramoiit , and St . Jfozaire have likewise suffered
severely . A letter from Nyons , in the Drome , of the 10 th inst , savs that the commune of St . Maurice and Vinsobres had been ravaged on the afternoon of the 1 th inst . by a terrific nailstorm . The hailstones , which it is said were as largo as walnuts , had completely destroyed the wheat and stripped the vines of their leaves . A letter from Bergerac of the 10 th inst . adds , that such heavy rains as followed tho storm of the 7 th inst . had not been seen within the memory of man . Three houses wore demolished in the village of Monloydier and the materials ctmed into tho Dordogne . Accounts from Auch , in the Gers , state that a fresh disaster had befallen that departmentalread
, y cruelly punished in the course of tho present year . A water-spout fell on the canton of Nogaro on the 8 th , and caused immense damage in the communes of Manciet , Sorbets , Saint Martin , and others . Tho ruin fell in torrents during two hours and a half . The plains were oavered on the following day to the depth of two feet with water which could not End a passage . At Saint Fleur likewise tho damage is immense . Fortunately no lives were lost . A letter from ltonnoj states , that on Wednesday week , a terrific storm buret on Chateaugiron . Three young men took shelter under a chestnut tree from the rain , but they had scarcely phced themselves there when one of them was struck dead . The other two were so severely wounded that no hopes aro entertained of savin" their uvea . °
. J- 8 | !» T Atc " E . 5 ' Gt0ves « And...
. J- | !» T " . ' Gt 0 VES « AND EM 8 nOIM » T .-It » shown by Parliamentary returns that the declared valve of all the foreign watches imported into the United Kingdom * U w I ® i ?^ iOAlo tho 5 , h of June , 1352 , was 403 , 356 , against £ 48 , 018 worth imported in ho corresln ? hi flrSf er l 0 d 0 fl S - ^ quantity of giovos imported m the first five months of the present year was 1 , 334 . 189 , air . * , against 1 , 045 , 400 m the corresponding period of last yw . In embroidery and needlework there" seems to have been a falling off ini thei course of the present year as com-CwfiV > £ d & UTh « total quantity imported in the first fire months ol 1852 was of tho vamo of £ 4 ( 1870 against £ 64 , 200 in 1851 , and £ 96 , 259 in 1850 . '
The: Fall Of This French Republic. By Xa...
THE : FALL OF THIS FRENCH REPUBLIC . By Xavikr Durkiku . ( Translated expressly for the' Star of Frssdom' ) JUDAS ISCARIOT . —THE ARREST . I have already said that towards nine o ' clock in the evening the last musket shot was fired in tbu Rue Montorgueil ; the bloody work of the soldiers was consummated ; the policeman had now to pursue his in proportions until then unheard n ^ . After the massacres , tlio arrests ( n masse . On llie 3 r ( j and . ]; h Ljjuis Hoiiapartc iiasl made of Paris a fri ghtful shambles ; on the 5 th aud foUoalng days he converted it into a « immense mousa-hap .
Since the 2 nd the police > 3 gan < s had four times presented themselves , for the purpose of arresting me at the Rue Sainte-A-nne , and at bureaux of the " Revolution . " It was but time lost , as will be seen hy my recital . I passsd the night of the athand the whole of the 4 th in making inquiries regardin . s : the fate of otic of my brothers , whom I c ould 10-whfiv find , and whose disappearance caused the greatest iuquit tude . At eight o ' clock on the evening of the 5 th I repaired to the divan Lepelirti-r , oposite the o ; : i » -a , where 1 hoped to have some news ot him . There I fcund many of my frieads , almost all Journalists , who bswailrd tho issue of events , and who , no more than myself , could conceal their
consternation . None of them had seen my brother . I was about to depart when a man , filling , I cannot doubt it now , an odious police mission , begged me to wait . Re told ma that Frederick Couroet desired to meet me in the Sue des Martyrs , and that he had been instructed tc conduct me thither ; 1 have since discovered that be did- not know Frederick Courttet . He immediately went out by - himself , under what pretext I no longer remember , and returned a few minutes after . He had no sooner returned than a police-caramissioner , accompanied by six ager . ts-and nearly sixty Shassetirs de Vincennes , surrounded the house , and noisi ' . y entering the hail where we were , demanded ouf names and qualities .
Amongst these agents there was one who bed acted a principp . l . part in all these scenes of baseness . This one interrogated the persons present , impudently looked them in the face to recognise thero and decided according , to his caprice upon their arrest . This was—but no , I will not stain my pen . j I will not write the infamous name of that ancient democratic songster , the Iscariot of Ffibrenty-, who , ( luring tea years , while he was admitted to the intimacy of the principal Republicans , seating himself at their tables , installing himself and dwelling by their hearths , and drawing upon their purses , revealed daily to the police their resolutions , their acts , and even their most secret thoughts .
I had not seen him since the 24 th of February , in the Sureoux of the " Reforme , " when he had proclaimed himself general secretary of police , a precaution not soon understood , but which , happily , did not serve him . Since that time he had made some alterations in his physiognomy ; so that at first sight I did not recognise him . ilo . wever , 1 soon recalled to mind his figure and his name , 1 knew him by the fixed look of crushing scorn , which Touile Delord , one of the most renowned writers of the Parisian press , fastened upon Wm , while tlie commissioner demanded if he knew anything of Delord , and by the trembling of his voice whilst he replied . Ho , hung his head and turned pale ; his audacity was disconcerted for a moment , out that was all . When he reached rae , he designated me by , ay , name , and his voice recovered its cynical assurance .
To finish that ignoble scene , 1 hasten to say that the commissioner oJ . police arrested nine persons , among wHorn were Ke .-ler , and myself , another editor of the " Revolution , " Charles Smmanuel , an editor of ; the " -Steele , " Edouard Gorge , and Ligniere , one of my friends , a long-tried Itepublican . Qf these the greater part : were released at the prefecture of police , and at Bicetre ; . we only found three in the fortifications of Ivry , and on baerd the "Dttguesclin . " We were conducted to the mairie of the 5 th arrondissement , in the Faubourg Saint-Martin ,, by the Chasseurs de Vincennes , We were made to traverse the troops who bivouaced on the Boulevards . Soldiers arrived- at the most brutal degree of
druaienneas , surrounded- , by large fires and continually drinking and singing obscene aonjs . As we passed , a number of . them criedr— ' ^ Stab them ! run them through . " Some of them even approached us , threatening to break through the ranks of She Chasseurs and assassinate us . We arrived at last at tha-Faubourg Saint-Martin . My friends and I . were here thrown into our first gaol , to wait for those which we had alilK to traverse , and of which we were des . tined to experience , all , tte honors , from the prefecture of police to the road-of Brest . But these , so many snd bo dreadful persecutions , were no more capable of shaking our strength of heart and of mind , than of our profound and ardent faith ia . the future .
PRISON HORRORS . The mairicof the 5 th arrondissement was guarded by a line of soldiers ; . a captain conducted us , with a triumphant air , across a narrow corr idor , low apd damp , into . a . room more low and damp still . The military chiefs had no longer to command the massacres ; they had now given to them another rflle ,, one which they played , admirably ^—that of gaoler . . Our . captain had caused us to be shut up in the dark ; unan ; our repeated demands a sergeant lookupon himself to
procure ua a smoky candle , whose sinister light at last en * abled us to distinguish surrounding object ? . . The dingy walls were covered with damp , and the only seat was a plan ]; a few inches broad , upon which it was almost impossible to sit ; the brick or carthern fipor had , almost en « tirely disappeared under a liquid and ft ^ tid mud . In one corner was a little straw , botribly damp awl cohered with blood ; it seemed to us that there had been there abandoned some poor wounded wretch on tha preceding : evening . It was iu this place that we had to . remain until the commissioner of police came to conduct us to the Prefecture .
My companions passed almost the entire night in walking about ankle-deep in the mud , and shivering from the intolerable cold , caused by the opes window . For my own part , vanquished by excessive fatigue , it was impossible for me to hold out against sleep . I at once laid down upon the narrow plank , from whence , without awaking , I immediately rolled down upon the floor , amidst the mire and blood . When I awoke in the morning I had almost lost the use of my limbs ; they were so benumbed with cold , that it required a strong dose of resolution to enable me to walk . This was the best possible initiation to the tortures of the fortifications and the pontons . We were , after that * per * fectly prepared for Bicetre and the " Duguesclin . "
The police commissioner arrived about ten o clock in the morsiug , accompanied by a turnkey , who was no other than tho General Canrobert , in a grand uniform , to heighten the eclat of his new functions . General Canrobert himself delivered ua to the police-agents , who gathered together all the prisoners in the neighbouring cells and placed them in cellular waggons . But bis glorious intervention did not stop there . Followed by an aide-de-camp and some ordinance officers , he escorted the conveyance to the quais . Executioner on the Boulevard JMontmartre and on the Boulevard Poissonnare in the evening , he was but gaoler in the morning .
We were immediately conducted to the Prefecture of police . On the preceding evening , and even that roomiufc a great number of persons arrested had been , in the court of the Prefecture , the objects of the grossest insults oa the part of the soldiers , whose brutality sometimes went even as far as assassination . Less cruel than their auxiliaries of the army , the police-agents conducted us , by a private staircase to the room destined for the formality of searching . Here we were searched in the coarsest possible manner , and then delivered to the guardians of the depot , from whom we obtained , in the course of toe day , what , in prison lau « guage , is called a pistole .
Thspistote into which I was introduced already enclosed a merchant ' s clerk , of the Boulevard du Temple , under the . grave implication , as he had been told by the commissioner of not having quitted his warehouse during the 4 th , add a wine merchant , under the charge , not less grave , of having quitted his shop during the same day . I could not but admirs this ingenious logic , but it wrs nothing in comparison with the much more extravagant facts which I have now to relate . The arrests continued , notwithstanding , throughout the
whole town , and m the most obscure nooks of the banlirn . At six o ' clock in the evening they had already reached prodigious proportions . Mazas , the Conciergene , Saint-Pelagie , the Roquette , the depot of the Prefecture , which had been » ll converted into prisons , were toon completely encumbered . Our cells , where there hourly arrived constituents repre ' sentatives of the Legislative , magistrates , and , amongst them , an old councillor at the Court of Cassation , old officers , agents , proprietors , and Journalists , were literally filled with detenus . '
All the others were thrust togelber ^ -we // , ' without regard for age , educational habits , or morals , into those frightful receptacles of thieves , murderers , and prostitutes . There were confined with the most ignoble and most odious premeditation , the most honourable citizens , negociants , workmen , lawyers , artists , and servants , all the moit pure , the most faithful , and most devoted of the Democracy that had escaped the massacres of the 3 rd and 4 th , and who had been pounced upon by a second army of bandits . — Our private cells opened out of long narrow passages , in
which were heaped together a number of children , arrested in the populous quarters , and particularly recommended to the brutality of the guardians for tlmr precocious crime of Republicanism . Above was the general depot—lhat first circle if Dante ' s hell , of which I will s peak ; beneath ball where had been confined tha prostitutes and and whose cries of debauchery or distress often reached And all were submitted to the jame regime , to th uitt , to the same treatment , if it be not-arvi o £ thU numerous proofs-that more regard us shown for andburgU-sthwforRepubUciM .
Was The Beggar? !'^ *Us • E Same ¦' I Hw...
was the beggar ? !'^ * us e same ¦' I hwo thieves r , ' waathe - -r - C 7 >> . ieggjr ? , ^ . '' - ¦ i-: : W ' - " ¦ ted ' us- ; -- ; ' "• ' ¦'"' $ . H iesame ,, - ¦ -, . '• 7 l I hlwe \ . -4 £ o thieves / .- >;• ? 3 ;/ * •• ¦ - '' . - >¦ » ' -7 ? ' - , ' . ' .-.- . ' v \ ' - ' - ! " V- * - ** i : * ' i & . f ¦ ' ¦• - ¦ % ¦'*¦ . 1 .-VrSt .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), July 17, 1852, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_17071852/page/1/
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