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JWm 18 ' 1845 ' THE, NORTHERN STAR. 1
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mnmltuxz aim Worticuituxc
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HoBnccLTDBE. -^Smce the date of our last...
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snems aviti mi
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Paris A cam-jit of Sciences.—Sittixg of ...
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ANOTHER "VISITATION OF GOD?" SHAME on th...
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Majuxg good use of a Pest.—The French ha...
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33antaJjt0, &t
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BANKRUPTS. (From Friday's Gazette.) Josc...
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¦ MpPM»«""W""W* M *"""'«*M^«*w*<«» ¦ 11 r—m—m^~*^ MARKET INTELLIGENCE.
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London Corn _ Exchange, Monday, Jan. 13....
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/'^' ' mfl^? 1 ' ¦ ' ¦ ;' - : T' '/r 3o£...
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Jwm 18 ' 1845 ' The, Northern Star. 1
JWm 18 ' 1845 ' THE , NORTHERN STAR . 1
Mnmltuxz Aim Worticuituxc
mnmltuxz aim Worticuituxc
Hobnccltdbe. -^Smce The Date Of Our Last...
HoBnccLTDBE . - ^ Smce the date of our last article the weather has bean unusually mild , and aiavorir aMe opportunity has been presented for thoroughly Tentilating all the plant-houses , pits , frames , < fec . Those who have the convenience of a small forcing pit may commence forcing a few rhododendrons azaleas , Chinese azaleas , China roses hydrangeas Persian lilacs , Ac ., which , if gently forced , will come into bloom at a most desirable period , and make the conservat ory very gay in the month of March , April and May . A pit heated withhot water is best adapted for this purpose , as the heat is mild and regular , and altogether more congenial to the growth ofthe plants than the ordinary smoke flues . Such a pit might be construeted at a very small expense , and would prove ble to those who
invalua love to see flowers in their greenhousc the whole year round . The pit should be constructed with a narrow passage at the back , go that in cold weather the plants might be -watered and attended to without removing the sashes . It would be an improvement if a " small portion of t . iepit were fitted up with a hot water tank in order that a gentle bottom heat might be provided for those plants which prefer such treatment . A pit OTnsistinffof four or five lights would be sufficientlv lirge to lurnish a moderate-sized conservatorv with blooming plants during the winter and springmonths . The same uoder would heat the water in the tank as well as that in the pipes . Those commencing to force should maintain a temperature of from 50 to 60 degrees by day , and from 40 tooO degreesbvnidit . Let the plants be pronerly attended to with " water , and slightly syringed in the middle of the davwith
water which has been standing some time in the pit . —The Greenhouse . The early geraniums are throw ing np their trusses of bloom , and should be neatly staked out , and the plants should be frequently turned about to induce a regular growth . Guano water mav be liberally supplied , taking care that it is sufficiently diluted , especially if the imported guano be used ; we prefer Cotter ' s guano for plant cultivation . The Ttower-garden . A few of tie half-hardy annuals , such as Nemoph ylla Clarkia , 4 c ., may fie sown in pans , and placed on a shelf in the greenhouse ; thev "will come in well for early planting out . —The Vinery . Those who intend to commence forcing their vinerv 5 n February , should shut up the hothouse from this time , and should lay on a good coating of long dung over the vine border . The vines may be syringed once a day . —The Eitchen-garden . Continue the pruning and nailing of the wall trees , and the pruning of all the small fruits . —BeWs WeeJdu Messenger .
Florists' Flowebs . —Tulips will soon be showing themselves , especially where planted early : though , in consequence ofthe wet weather in November , several large and first-rate collections were not put in the ground till very late : this is very prejudicial to the future bloom . —Carnations are this season generally healthy ; yet they also must receive every attention , especially by keeping them free from dead or decaying leaves , or from tco much moisture . Take care never to close the frames when the foliage chances to be wet , as this is extremely pernicious , and induces " mildew and other diseases , * which often seriously affect a whole collection . —Pinks . Look over the beds , and fasten those plants which have been raised by the late frost Do not yet replace anv casualties , but wait till nearer spring , when the Wanks may be filled up with safety . Continue to nse every precaution as to protection , & c . Turn composts , and keep a vigilant eye for destructive
insects . Cotiacehs Cahisdah . —At this season , ~ hen there is little to be done in the way of cropping , every thins around the cottage should he made clean and * neat ; all vegetable refuse should lie collected to rot for manure—nothing of this kind should be lost . While the weather is favourable , a sowing of Marshall ' s Dwarf , Prolific or Mazairau Beans may be made . They may be sown in drills about eighteen inches apart , and planted about three inches apart in the drilL AsowingoftheEarlyFramePea . ifnotah'ea'dy done , mav also now be made on a warm border . For
this crop the seeds may be sown pretty thickly , and in case of hard frost they should be protected by fern or furze , & e . ; and some of the latter chopped may be put in the drills to prevent the ravages of mice . As autumn is the best time for pruning all kinds of fruit trees , even the peach , every opportunity that occurs should be embraced for performing the operation . Gooseberries and currants , if not already pruned , may now be done , so as to allow the ground to be dug amongst them ; and all -vacant ground should he turned up rough as early as possible , in order that it may receive the benefit ofthe frost .
" Hosie" axd " Foreign" Maxcbes . —In many localities there is a great waste of valuable manures , through -neglect and want of skill or energy in not adopting proper means to collect them . In some neighbourhoods these manures , thus allowed to rim to waste , are a complete nuisance ; while large sums of money are annually expended for foreign manures , the fertilising properties of which , in many cases , are exhausted in the -first season : besides which , the farmer is often cheated by the infamous tricks prac tised hy some ofthe dealers in these manures . There can beno doubt that much good has been derived from guano , & c ., and that more may be expected when the proper anode of their application is more generally understood . But this does not leave us with any excuse for neglecting the valuable resources which wc possess ourselves .
The Son , wm . peoduce its owx Maxcbes . —The soil will never become exhausted if properly treated , but will continue to improve in depth , purify , and fertility , by an increased attention being paid to it . It is true that the food of plants may be exhausted in any soil by a continuced succession of cropping of any one family or order , through our own neglect , or onr ignorance of the proper way of returning to the soil the beneficial properties it stands in need of . The soil itself does not require what is commonly called rest ; but is always ready to yield her beautiful products most bountifully , if we only combine in its management foresight , judgment , and industry : -under such a discipline aho will produce a suflieieney of the most
natural manures for every succeeding production . A very useful fertiliser , and , to a considerable extent , useful manure , may be obtained in many localities , by cliarrvia or carbonising materials which are now of but little " value , and , in many cases , are almost entirely lost to all useful purposes—such as tan , sawdust , chips , and refuse from timber yards , hedgetrimming ! -, sods , turf , and all kinds of refuse vegetation . The experience of many years has taught that the application of these things * in a carbonised state is productive of the most beneficial effects . Charcoal , oh Burst Vegetable Matter , as a Fertiliser . —As some persons have not been so successful as they expected to be in the use of this fertiliser , they ought to know that thorough drainage
must be the grand object kept in view ; in other words , there most be a free admission ofthe atmospheric air into the earth , or but little benefit will be derived from charcoal . It is toitsabsorbing and condensing properties , and its giving off its useful properties slowly but permanently , when the atmosphere has free admission , that its value is attributable . The result of a long experience is amply this—that those plants to which charcoal has been applied , in connection with a thorough drainage , are always the healthiest , the most luxuriant , and the best rooted . When the drainage has been imperfect or slovenly , invariably the contrary effects have been produced , although the quality and proportions of the soils have been the same as in the other case .
Guaso screxnncAiXT stokes of . — Home Masure the best . —When Sir Robert Peel , in his address to the fanners of Tamworth , called their attention to guano , he did so under the impression that it mig ht be a means for increasing the fertility ofthe land , and a panacea for their losses occasioned by the tariff and the new Corn Laws . Since then , the most extravagant encomiums have been published in its favour , many of which may be traced to persons interested iu its ' salc . I am not going to deny , that , as a means for assisting to raise an occasional crop of ijirnipsfor cattle food , it may answer ; but I much wish to bring the attention of fanners to the fact , -fiat , at best , four cwt . of guano can only force a crop of corn at the expense of other materials in the
land ; and in so doing , having supplied only 3001 b . or 1001 b . of the elements of vegetation , it will take from the soil some tons . Its use , therefore , must , unless other sources of nutriment are supplied , cause disappointment , or a rapid exhaustion ofthe land , to ifa permanent injury . An application of four cwt . of guano , of which about 121 b . per cwt . is water , is considered a full dressing for an acre of land , whilst a crop of corn takes away lOOOlbs . to dOOOlbs . of the same elements that constitute guano . " The following tabic shows the actual elements of vegetation in the several crops taken in four years , and after a dress ing , and prior to another application ; and although a small portion may be supposed to have been taken from the air and moisturestill the necessity that
, is alwa ys experienced in practice for periodically iBSuseitatimj the land , and the difference in the -yield after the application of manure , as contrasted " with the sterility caused by continued cropping without renovation , " show that the principal portion of jplanfe , if not the entire , must be derived from matter in the soil . The rotation of cropping hitherto conceived to be the most enlightened and profitable is the four-course—of turnips , oafs or barley , seeds , and wheat . By beginning with a dressing , and by the consumption on the ground of the turnips , sufficientis considered to have been bestowed on the hind to
adjnit of two crops of com and one of hay being taken -without further manuring . That this should be successful practice , aud without detriment to the soil when dung has been applied , is readily shown by the feet , that the dressing consists of from fifteen to ,-fcwentT-firetonsperacre ; whilst thecrops , when dried , take away only about five tons ; and when the water from the dung has been removed , it is curious , but true , that the debtor and creditor account of the -weight of matter applied and withdrawn may lie said nearly to balance . But should the dressing have been of guano , allowing the same return to have Jieen obtained ) but which 1 do not for a moment bc-
Hobnccltdbe. -^Smce The Date Of Our Last...
Si- ^^ l ^ fc ^ have lost ll , 0501 bs . of S ^ lk ? nc having been supplied . It th ?^ . ^ ffP' eitt , ? r that g « ano camiot give for ««™ Vt- d , PSwill ; or , if it docs , it mult bebv *™ JW ? mert matter alreadv in existence in ZL + ' ^ ^« J « m a * ' A- * expense of latent nutriment , and to the impoverishment of the land for the = ~ S re 4 n cre of h-nd , cropped with turnips , oats , seeds , and wheat , allowing the turnips to have been led on the ground , and only one crop of hav taken , aflords , exclusive of water , the followino * ^ oiaht . nf the elements of vegetation : — - » - --Produce of an Acre in Four Years . When Composition . dried . Car . H yd . Ox . Nit . Ash . Aafc „ . - as - - ** - ' tts- -bs . fts . fcs . Brtto Straw .. 3 , 838 2 , 750 1 , 378 143 1 , 073 11 lto fcr ?¦«* 2 , 4 « 0 -U-37 120 90 S 50 185 ^" . V "' 1 . 890 1 . C 00 735 91 695 37 39 Ditto Straw .. 3 , 240 2 , 400 1 , 161 127 935 3 108
14 , 282 11 , 059 5 , 374 611 4 , 308 149 G 08 The loss b cropping , experienced in both fanning and gardening , as proved , may be regained only bv dressings ; it is , therefore , most unreasonable to sup ' - pose that by anymeans the appropriation of 400 lb of guano can supply the materials here shown to be withdrawn . The elements of guano are precisclv the same as those removed by the growth of these crops ; they likewise agree with those of yard manure , differing only in the relative proportions of their components , and guano is remarkable onlv for the larger proportion of nitrogen and its quieker ' decomposition . It is to the latter quality that its success in promoting the early growth of the turni p plant is owing ; but that it affords the materials for a sinele eron of corn
1 think 1 have shown to be impossible , and , if so , tbe landowners are greatl y prejudicing themselves bv persuading their tenants to use it . Unfortunately the only purpose to which I think it mav be applied is , in forcing beyond the reach of the ' fly the earl y growth of the young turnip plant . I fear its use for this purpose may be mischievous ia lessening the apparent necessity and proper application of stock excrement . In that ease , gradual , although certain , deterioration ofthe land will result . I wish to caution farmers not to expect 400 lbs . of guano to raise ll , 050 lbs . of corn and hay , lest , like the pursuit of the philosopher ' s stone , or ofthe essence of food ( of wlliell a pill a day was to suffice for a strong man ) , they , like the alchemists of old , waste their labour and their means in their pursuit of an unattainable end . I think it is absurd to imagine that vegetable growth can be attained otherways than by the con-Sumption or transmutation of an equal " amount of
elementary matter . To give the earth a ton to get back a ton , sounds reasonable and plausible ; but to imagine that the materials of one can produce eleven , is 1 leave the reader tosupply the hiatus . —TTt-wttt Davis . —Spring Park , near Croydon . The Mchraix ox the Coxtixexx . —The disease which has reigned among the horned cattle of Bohemia since the end of October is the contagious typhus . It commenced in the frontier province of Southern Russia , from whence it was propagated into Galhoia , and was earned by some oxen from Gallicia to Moravia , and thence to Bohemia . The malady not beingrecognised at the commencement , no sequestration or interruption of communication took place , and the typhus , therefore , obtained an extension . No sanatory cordon has been placed on the frontier of Bavaria , nor is it considered necessary , as the most efficacious means are now adopted in Bohemia to check the progress of the disease , and arrive at the extinction of it .
Snems Aviti Mi
snems aviti mi
Paris A Cam-Jit Of Sciences.—Sittixg Of ...
Paris A cam-jit of Sciences . —Sittixg of Jax . 6 . —Several communications were received of real or imaginary improvements in railway travelling , with a view to the security of passengers ; but if we are to judge from what has occurred in the ~ case of the Marquis . de Jouhroy , it will lie months or even years before a report is made upon their merits . The * only communication of apparent interest at this sitting was one from M . Chaussenot , announcingthat he has invented a conipscur ( indicator ) marking the rate of speedat-which a railway train travels . Is M . Chaussenot aware that what he announces as a new invention ofhisown was invented and exhibited in Paris three years ago by Mv . Wrougkton , an English gentleman ? We saw the working model of Mr . Wroughton ' s
indicator . It marked the rate of speed in an entire line , and in such a way that the cleric at every station could know as wellat what rate the train had travelled over every part ofthe road as the conductor , in whose charge the indicator was to be placed . This invention , which was perfect in every part , was submitted to the Minister of Public Works , and by him referred to the Inspector-General of Ponts-et-Chaussees ; but , although Mr . Wroughton , who is a man of property , required no remuneration , having oidy the public good in view , his invention was not acbptatl . We hope M . Chaussenot may be more successful , but the merit of originality doesnotlie with him . M . Peltier infonnedthe academy that he has ascertained that copper wires , long exposed to the action ofthe electric
fluid , become very brittle . This is a very important fact as connected with electrical telegraphs in which the wires are numerous and externally placed , as is the case with those of Professor Wheatslone's telegraph , but the objection does not appl y to the electrical telegraph invented by Mr . Bain , and which has been described in the Journal des Chesnins de Fer . Mr . Bain accomplishes every thing with one wire placed under ground , in acoatof bitumen , and which cannot therefore break , however brittle it may be rendered by the action of the fluid . In a notice of one ofthe sittings , many months ago , we mentioned an ingenious apparatus by a M . Chuart , the object of which is to indicate the danger from fire-damp , or the escapes of hvdroEen cas , used for the purposes of lishtin" .
Scarcely a month passes without some account of explosions in shops , cellar's , & c , from the escape oi gas on the sudden application of a light , the mere smell ofthe gas not being found , as it ought to be , a sufficient warning against the use of a light , until a window should he opened to admit a free current of air , and diminish the proportion of hydrogen gas , so ns to render it inexplosible . M . Chuart ' s invention consists of aball ' or globe , contained in a chemical solution highly sensible to any deterioration ofthe atmosphere , and acting upon a lever which sets an index in motion , and thus shows the vitiated state of the atmosphere , whether in a mine or elsewhere , long before the commonair can be so saturated with gas as to explode on the app lication of a light . and the
The idea is exceedinglv ingenious , application of it would be useful wherevergas is used for lighting , if we could believe that people who are so negligent as not to take warning by the smell of escaped gas , would like the trouble of watching the index of a gas indicator . M . Chuart has indeed added to his invention an alarum bell , which is struck by the lever when the ball is thrown off its equilibrium by the vitiated state of the atmosphere . Since M . Chuart first exhibited his apparatus , he has made a great improvement . His ball or globe was originally ol glass , which was not oid y too heavy , but was also liable to breakage . He now makes it of copper , so very thin that Its weight is almost nominal , and yet it is perfect in every part . "We understand that he has arrived at this perfection by means of the galvanic process ^ which gives a thinner substance than any mechanical means could effect consistently with the
compactness that is required for the certain operation of the apparatus . M . Chatin made a communication of much interest in relation to the question lately put to the academy , as to whether the sale of arsenic might be prohibited without material injury to the purposes of science and domestic economy for which it is used ? One ofthe objects to the prolubition of this poison was its use in the treatment of grain , to prevent the development of smut . M . Chatin states , as the result of several experiments , that the useol arsenic onseed com does not prevent the development of this disease , and therefore that , as regards this application of the poison , no injury could be sustained by the prohibition of the sale , " it may be well to observe here that com , to the seeds of which arsenic is applied , is not impregnated at all by the poison ; there is no trace whatever of it as the vegetative process proceeds .
The STAHS . —3 t has long been concluded amongst astronomers that the stars , though they only appear to our eyes as brilliant points , are all to be considered as suns , representing so many solarsystems , each bearing agcneral resemblance to our own . The stars have a brilliancy and apparent magnitude which we may safely presume to be in proportion to their actual size , and the distance at which they are placed from us . Attempts have been made to ascertain the distance of some ofthe stars by calculations founded on parallax , it being previously understood that , ifa parallax of so much as one second , or the 3 , 600 th of a degree , could be ascertained in any one instance , the distance might be assumed in that instance as not less than 19 , 200 , 000 , 000 of miles ! In the case of the most brilliant star , Sirius , even this minute parallax could not be found ; from which , of course , it was to
be inferred that the distance of that star is something beyond the vast distance which lias been stated . In some others , on which the experiment has been tried , no sensible parallax could be detected ; from which the same inference was to be made in their case . But a sensible parallax of about one second baa been ascertained in the case ofthe double star , aa , ofthe constellation of the Centaur , and one ofthe third of that amount forthe double star , CICygni ; which « ave reason to presume that the distance of the fornifr might beabout 20 , 000 , 000 , 000 of miles , and the latter of much greater amount . If we suppose that similar hitcrvals exist between all the stars , we shall readily see that the space oscupied by even the comparatively small number visible to thenaked eye , must be vast beyond all powers of conception . — Vestiges of the Natural Hisioni of Creation , of
Plumage or Birds . —A ^ instance the effect of carbonaceous food , upon the colour sf birds , is exemplified by feeding the common bullfinch , lor a lengthened period , on rape seed . Under the influence of this diet , the scarlet plumage on the breast will be observed gradually to turn brown , and , by its further continuance , ultimatolv to change to a duty black .
Another "Visitation Of God?" Shame On Th...
ANOTHER "VISITATION OF GOD ?" SHAME on the blasphemer who would say so ! ADJOURNED INQUEST . On Friday , the 3 rd inst ., the inquest upon Thomas James , who was killed bv an explosion at the Black tier Colliery , near Bishop Auckland—which is certainl y an extensive one , and , as a matter of course , now that human life has been sacrificed , no doubt one ofthe best ventilated mines in the north of h-ngland —was resumed in the school-house of the colliery , before T . Trotter , Esq . ; than whom a more impartial , courteous , and diligent coroner cannot ocff . * ' ' ^ le - * IJ 9 ues *; sto ° d adjourned from Thursday , r + i } ' ' t 0 ^ ara ^ c tune to ascertam ** " - Wu 0 * -e of the facts of the ease . The necessary and customary preliminaries having been gone through , the first witness called was
Andrew Davis , a hewer , a poor mangled object , who deposed as follows : I went into the air course , there was a little air , but not the usual qiiantitv : Mr Guroy told me to go up the headways-course to see it there was anything to impede the wav . I went there with a nahed candle : I lifted my hand to prevent falling on the plate , and the explosion todkplace . l am much burned in my amis and hands , but got out by myself . It was in the new incline where the explosion took place . On the dav I got burned I was m very many places in the pit ; I thought them in a fit state
to work in . The explosion did not knock the brattice down ; I can detect the gas on the candle —detected it on tliis occasion , - I never worked in that , part of the pit ; / did not take a lamp , because it ts not the practice to do so ; I know of no danger ; I am not acquainted with the workings in that part of the pit . By Mr . Marshall ( who attended on behalf of the owners ) : My orders from Mr . Gilroy were to see if any stones had fallen in the way to impede the aircourse ; I have been nearlv thirteen vears at the colfierv .
By the Coroner : I have worked at the broken ; never saw any explosive gas , or danger . Mr . Marshall ; Mr . Coroner , I wish you to take that down . m Coroner : I take down what I consider material . Witness : I have seen the nature of gas with Mr . Gilroy trying it . Saw an explosion at West Moor ; a lad was burned there . I was told to go through the Stentin door , but did not do so ; had I done so I should have been safe . There are two troubles in that part of the pit . The dayy-lamps are never used on this colliery , except a time by chance when there is a fait , 1 had once a lamp at a fall , but only once . I have wrought at all the other flats in the pit but
this one . Thomas Simpson sworn : I live at Sidney Row ; am a shifter at Black Boy Colliery : I was burned at this colliery on 19 th February last , in the crosscut flat , which is a different direction to the place of the late explosion . Never used a lamp all the time I have been in the colliery , which is sixteen years . Did not know but that she was clean , or should not have gone to seek my shovel . Have known lamps used sometimes in dangerous places ; have no idea how many times a lamp has been used . Mr . Halliday questioned the witness as to how
many tunes he had known the pit fire , but elicited no positive fact . It was rumoured , ' however , that she had fired the previous day , and which was the third time within the last fortnight . By Mr . Halliday : No additional precautions arc taken after she fires to prevent a recurrence—they just go on as usual , as if nothing had happened . Mr . Marshall , in putting some questions with a view of having it recorded that the owners did all in their power for the safety of the men , was met with the following observation from The Coroner : The interest of the coal-owners ought to be identical with that ofthe workmen .
Our Correspondent states that a scene now commenced that will never be effaced from his memory . The coroner , jury , and others taking part in the inquiry , left the inquest room , and at once became a wandering tribe across the fields—in this direction , in that , and in the other , as the houses ofthe victims ofthe catastrophe happened to be situated , to gather from them that evidence they were—from the severity of their injuries and extent and intensity oi their sufferings—unable to attend to give . Could but our legislators been of the party , and visited in succession cottage after cottage—homely , 'tis true , but cleanly ; see the polishedfurniture , the clean bed , and amid its snow-white sheets , he who but a few days before was the pride , the boast , the comforter , nay , the sole support of home , a mass of blackened distortion —a disorganised heap of misery and pain—the living remnant ofthe effects ofthe explosive blast : could but our legislators have seen and felt this , better legislation must have quickly followed .
"he first house visited was that of William Newton , who stated : I am a hewer ; I worked at the Black Boy Colliery—at the Gurly pit—on Monday , the 23 rd ult . I believe the explosion took place fhom my Camji-e . I woo -orm-kins at the low end of the jud next the goaf . I heard the stone working , I cvia the men to hold their hands . I ran out ; my candle went out . My marrow ' s ( partner ) candle was left in the face of the workings . It was stuck on aprop about the middle of it . Heard the fall of stone take place . It was not a large one . I went in afterwards and took a light to get my pick . It was then the explosion took place ; I am almost certain it was from my candle ; I was knocked backward over—got up again , and got away from thej headways ; am most
burned m my arms ; only a little in my body ; I had my candle vej * y low , looking for my picks . Saw no previous signs of fire ; I understand them ; I had only been in the pit one and a half hours , or two hours at the most . James , the deceased , was furthest in from the shaft ; we were both working near the goaf ; have been there a month working the broken ; did not try it that morning ; my marrow told me Blanch had been in ; also John Featherstone , Hugh Matthewson , Thomas Baker , William Bullock , Thomas James , and Thomas Overend . The deputies always go in before us . William Blench had to see all was safe in that part . William Gilroy is overman . Have seen gas there before , but took no notice of it ; did not lenow that it was explosive ; never worked with a lamp ; have worked ten years at the colliery , fifteen in the neighbourhood ; never asked
for a lamp ; never used one in my life , and have always been employed in this district ; never heard any one ask for a lamp ; have been nine or ten years at the Black Boy Colliery , but never saw a lamp used by the hewers , only by the deputies and shifters . Blanch has often told us to mind after a fall ; to take off the loo of the candle ; was not aware that it would go off In that way ; had neither seen Blanch nor the overman that day ; never heard the man speak about the lamps or the gas ; it was not Bullock ' s , but my candle that caused the explosion ; I ran out for fear of the fall ; water was bursting upon us ; I am aware the water saved me , because I was knocked into it ; there was no gas there ; the deputies are kind and attentive to us ; I have nothing to complain of ; I was nearest the goaf when the explosion took place . j
The Coroner hereupon issued his summons for the immediate attendance before him of Thomas Cherry , William Bullock , William Todd , and Joseph Lewis . The next scene of misery that was visited was the house of William Blanch , who stated—I am a deputy at Black Bov Colliery ; was in at eight a . m . on Monday , 23 rd ult ; 1 generally look round to the men ; had been four times with James that day ; was there Avhen the explosion took place . There was a fall between where James and the other men were working : I was talking to James , and the pit fired on the other side : I think the gas was from the fall . There were no symptoms of gas on the candle before the fall . John Todd , the back-overman , came in about ten o ' clock ; we examined beside James , where
the explosion took place ; did not see fire from the candles , which I had turned to where the explosion took place about half an hour before , and could detect no gas ; I had no reason to apprehend danger ; I remained there all the time ( eight hours ) tho men were working , and in the incline ; it is my duty to see all safe and attend to the wants of the men ; I have worked with a lamp at the Black Boy , at Benwell , and at Gosforth collieries ; I have worked in the broken a few weeks—cannot say how many , but had no reason to apprehend danger ; have seen but small symptoms ot gas or black-damp , of no consequence to a candle ; no man ever applied to me for a lamp : I have never thought it necessary to get one—if I had , I would have had the men off till I got them ; we have the power to lay the men off when we " see
danscr ; I am not deputy where the explosion op yesterday tooic place ; never thought it necessary to have lamps ; know nothing of the chemical nature of gas , only by the candle ; an explosion has not occurred , before since I have been in the colliery she was always thought safe . There was an explosion , but I cannot give anything particular of it . Mr Gilroy goes down every day : my hands are much burned —I am suffering great pain ; was near to James when the explosion took place ; I lost my senses for a time ; the air-course where James was could have let more in ; the pit is well ventilated , * there has been more gas since the water has come down , about a week since ; I could not get into the goaf ( stone ) to examine it ; the water came from the tailing ; we like all the light we can get , and consequently prefer candles .
The inquisition next proceeded to the distressed domicile of Thomas Overend , who stated—I am a hewer at Black Boy Colliery ; was working on Monday quite near to where the fire originated . James ( the deceased ) said , " I hear her working , " he believed , in an old fall ; heard it there , and then observed , "if we can get those coal that ' s loose , we will take no more down , I ' m afraid of her falling : " Blanch came in . They were talking about it : Blanch said that side was strong , they need not be afraid : I ran out after we had filled our tub for fear of her falling . There was a small fall , I ran against a prop and knocked myself down ; I said "stand "a fall came , and she was in a flame ; I do not know how I got out ; she fired the day before in the place where we were working : Ames and I knocked it out we shoived Blanch Hie splint crack it came out of ; he said he would show it to Gilroy ; it was
Another "Visitation Of God?" Shame On Th...
bad to knockout when it got hold : I told Blanch I was sadly frightened ; Blanch and James laughed at me ; James said my marrow ( partner ) is frightened ; I have heard of lamps , but never had concerns with any ; on the 11 th June , I shall have worked there one year ; I was afraid to go in , it was an awful place to look at ; I complained to Blanch , not to Gilroy or any other deputy ; heard Mawson and another say , she was very firy " ; do not think that Blanch heard them ; I have never been at an explosion ; beforc ; I have seen many Utile firings before , about the size of mv hand .
By Mr . Kelk , who attended on behalf of the miners : Never knew of any precautionary measure being adopted after a firing to prevent a repetition ; never knew lamps to be introduced after these warnings ; never knew a stronger current of air applied to the firey parts ; knows nothing of the chemical properties of gas , nor at what point of admixture it becomes explosive ; Mawson helped to take me out I was never down a fall before the 11 th June ; I was afraid , and complained of the gas every day , but thought my old marrow would understand it better than me , and that gave me more confidence to go in ; nothing was ever done to my knowledge to cleanse the p it of the foul air . I am ' the son of a farmer in the neighbourhood ; I had differed with my father , or I would never have gone into a pit .
ihomas Cherry sworn : I am a hewer ; I reside at Sheldon ; I was working at the same place at Black Boy Colliery where it fired the Saturday before—that k two days before . I told the deput y , William Blanch , she was not safe to work , * if she fell she would fire . He did nothing but laugh at me , and said there was no danger . She made an attempt three times that day to fire . I had inv candle in mv hand , and ran out . Last Friday I went with William Gilroy to examine the returned air . She was quite safe then ; no danger at all then . Blanch was with us all that day , but on Monday I was in another part ofthe pit ; I did not mention lamps ; Blanch came in with his candle , tried the top , and said there was no danger . I examined seven pits for three vears in
the Istailordslnre Potteries ; I know the nature of explosive gas ; would not fear working in any pit with a naked candle ; have been working here for some months ; gas generally lies above the goaf , and when there is a fall it comes out ; it is not safe then to work with a candle . It was Blanch ' s duty to have informed William Gilroy about the state of the pit . I understand ventilation ; the Black Boy is not faulty for that ; I do not consider there is a better ventilatedpit in the country ; do 4 iot know what current of ah * is admitted , * 1 have never been round networkings , I gave oyer working last Saturday at the Black Boy Colliery ; left her in consequence of the hard quality of her coal ; I have had no differences with themasters .
William Bullock sworn : Resides at Shildon ; is a hewer : was working at tho cross-out flat on Monday the 23 rd ult . —in the first shift—where the explosion took place ; I left about eleven o ' clock in the forenoon ; I saw by the candle that there was gas in the goaf ; we talked together about it , and agreed among ourselves that we would go back out of a fall ; wc were aware of the danger if a fall came ; deputy George Naylor was there in the first shift , but was not present when the conversation took place ; I have not seen gas before in the pit ; did not mention it to Naylor ; we were afraid , and agreed all to go out together ; some little falls took place , but the gas
produced was soon cleared again ; we thought about lamps , but did not name it to the deputy ; there were lamps used in that place a few days ago ; a little further back there was a probability of a fall , and we got out of the way ; Todd and Naylor brought lamps , and told us to leave the pit , and we did so , By Mr . Kelk : It would improve the ventilation if more shafts were sunk ; gas will naturally find its highest level , and should have means provided to allow of its escape , * I think there would be less danger if it were so ; I and others went in with Todd and Naylor with the lamps ; we made no complaint * , we thought they could see for themselves whether they were safe or not .
William Todd ; I reside at Canny Hill ; am a hewer at Black Boy Colliery ; was not present when the explosion took p lace ; I worked in the same place , but in the first shift , with Frank Whaite and William Hobb ; saw nothing until between eight and nine o ' clock , when I took great notice of the candle , and saw gas ; it was rather mixed with the stife , coming off the goaf ; I saw nothing more until the backshift time came on about eleven o ' clock . I informed Baker that there was gas ; he tried it with his candle , and found that it was a little mixed with stife from off the goaf ; saw nothing more ; told Baker , but did not see Blanch or Gilroy to tell them ; I was rather afraid at the time ; I cautioned the men who were coming in ; I have seen her fire twice myself when I was putting in tho old . incline ,
about three years ago ; I worked in the night shift with naked candles ; Blanch gave us lamps to work with there , because it is on the same flat , out on the contrary side ; I only worked here in the flat one month before tlie shake ; never spoke to Blanch to ask for lamps ; never heard any talk about lamps on the ooniery ; I-. ., «« l , l h * alWhl f . n work the second shift from what I saw on Monday morning "; "i have worked eight years at Black Boy Colliery ; I worked at Elswick before that ; never saw an explosion , * the gas was blue all round the candle ; when mixed with stife it would most likely be dangerous . George Naylor sworn : I reside at Cowndon , as a deputy at Black Boy Colliery ; was in the fore-shaft on Monday ; came off at eight o ' clock ; saw nothingno gas : I tried three times that morning , and at six
o'clock saw all right ; Williain Todd and I thought the colliery quite safe ; it is my duty to attend to the props , the ventilation , and the safety of the mine ; never saw gas from the goaf ; never saw gas ; never worked with lamps until after the first explosion : I have worked there since Monday ; the men have worked there since Tuesday ; only trifling explosions have taken place at the Black Boy Colliery , but I cannot say how many . Andrew Davison and other men have been working in the broken with naked candles ; I know nothing of the chemical properties of gas ; I could tell , I would say , whereabouts there were gas by mv candle ; it was about four or five days before that ' l told the men to go out of her . for I thought there would be a fall ; I saw gas on the lamp ; gas got from the broken workings—sufficiently so when James got his death . I cannot write .
Joseph Lewis sworn : I reside at Canny-hill : am a hewer- at . Black Boy Colliery ; was working in tho first shift on Monday , the 23 rd ; losed ( left work ) at eleven o ' clock ; saw no gas ; took notice of no danger that day ; Bullock and me were working together ; did not hear him sav that there was gas ; when there are threatenings of a fall I get out ofthe way ; . I saw no gas on the candle on tho occasion ; I tried it , but saw no blue flame ; had no apprehension of an explosion ; have known gas come in after a fall ; a fortnight before , there was no gas on taking down a taller ; the deputy sent us a fortnight before into the
crosscut ; have worked with lamps since the explosion of the 23 rd ; there has been no explosion since ; I found no gas whilst working with lamps . Jonathan Marshall sworn : I am a hewer , and work at Black Boy Colliery ; was beside the -place on Monday the 23 rd , when the explosion took place ; saw the fire coming , Jay down , and the fire passed over me * , I afterwiiTO assisted in getting Overend out ; he came creeping , and I assisted him ; it fired but once that day ; I was more afraid of her firing a second time ; I was working in the whole coal , near the broken ; never heard anything about lamps ; had no dread of clanger .
By Air . Matthew Halliday , lecturer to the Miners Association : No precautionary measures were ever adopted after an explosion to prevent its recurrence ; none of any kind whatever ; we just cleaned her out , and then went on as usual . Thomas Cherry recalled : I believe it was proper that lamps ought to have been used in this part ( the cross-cut flat ) of tho colliery ; it is not safe to work in the broken without lamps ; Gilroy and I differed in opinion . / am sure there was not sufficient air in that part to fetch the gas off the goaf ; no current of air could carry the whole of the gas off the goaf ; there are not five men on Black Boy Colliery ivho understand anything about gas . William Gilroy sworn : I have the care of Black Boy Colliery ; an explosion did take place there yesterday ; Wilson and Simpson were burned ; they took candle contrary to orders . '
a . , . The jurv retired at five o'clock to consider their verdict , and on their return gave in their verdict as ° " ° Tha 7 the explosion had been caused by the gas coming in contact with a lighted candle : that some blame was attributable to Wi ham blench , the o e - man , but this they attributed to . an error m judgment-and they were also ot opinion that the ov , neis should take every pains to prevent the recurrence oi such accidents . "
Thus terminated this important inquiry : one which cannot fail to shew to the country the absolute necessity of a thoroughly revised system , strictly enforced by legislative authority , in the future working of coal mines . Here is an instance , where the lives of several hundred men and boys wore in jeopardy every moment ,- —not five men amongst them ( and possiblynot one of those five in authority ) who knew anything whatever of their most deadly enemy , carburretted hydrogen gas . Frequent , nay , daily as these explosions are , the wonder almost seems to be that thcirravaging effects are not of still more frequent occurrence . That such a state of things should be
allowed to exist in the present advanced stage of science—when the certain means of prevention are known and have been in successful . practical operation by Mr . Ryan , in the Staffordshire collieries , for fourteen years past , without a single failure to mar his fame , —is a reproach to the legislature , to every friend of humanity ; and can only be accounted for by the scientific ignorance and consequent apathy of the working colliers themselves . But for that , they must long ago have aroused the national voice to their perilous position . Let us hope the Govern « ment will take up the matter in earnest on the inciting of Parliament , and adopt such measures with a film hand , regardless of individual interests , as the urgency of the case demands . Considering the evidence , the verdict was a miserable result : yet com-
Another "Visitation Of God?" Shame On Th...
paring it with former verdicts on similar occasions , it shows an improved tone of public feeling . Had the sufferers been rich , and the cmrinc of destruction a rail-road , the VERDICT in all probability , would have been MANSLAUGHTER .
Majuxg Good Use Of A Pest.—The French Ha...
Majuxg good use of a Pest . —The French hav < embarked in a curious enterprise for the destructior of rats , operations having already commenced at tin Royal Library in rue Richelieu . In the short space of three days . more than 1200 rats were taken , and the purposes to which the bodies arc converted arc these : —The skin is prepared with great care , and proves of great value as a fur . The carcass , properly speaking , is sent to a melting-house at Crenelle , where it is boiled down for tlie sake of the grease , which is found to be an excellent material for the manufacture of candles . The flesh that remains of the animal is sold for the nutriment of birds , ducks , and pigs . The leg and thigh bones , moreover , which are described as being as fine as ivory , are employed in the manufacture of car and tooth-picks , so that it is observed not a particle of it is wasted . Robbers is France . —Madame Jayet , a washerwoman ill the rue de la Yierge , on returning to her apartment on Thursday , found two men , who had got in by means of false keys , busily employed in packing up all they could find . As soon as she made her appearance one of them seized her by the throat and threatened to strangle her if she gave the alarm . They then decamped with all speed , but Madame Jayet recovered her voice , and , crying out " Stop thief , " the men were pursued and overtaken on the quai d' Orsay . One of them was immediately secured , but the other , in the hope of escape , threw himself into the . river . A waterman at hand , however ,, who was a good swimmer , plunged in after him , and , bringing him back to the shore , delivered him also into safe custody . —Galignani .
The Boy Joxes is Greece — His Visit to the Palace of Ki . vg Ohio !—The following is an extract of a letter from an officer on board her Majesty ' s ship Warspite , Smvrna , Dec . 2-3 , 1 SU , to his friends in England : — " The boy Jones , who belongs to this ship , disappeared one night at Athens , and everyone said he was gone to call on King Otho . I believe that was his intention , as he was found near the palace , and brought back very much disappointed , to think he could not pay his intended visit . He is a strangelooking fellow , appears half asleep , and seldom speaks to any one . It is the custom to punish when a man deserts ; but Jones is put on the black list , and his grog stopped as long as he remains , in the ship . "Skipping Gazette .
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Bankrupts. (From Friday's Gazette.) Josc...
BANKRUPTS . ( From Friday ' s Gazette . ) Josc ]) h Brown , Regent-street , Westminster , grocer-George Flintofr ; Plymouth , bookseller—William Vallance , Liverpool , merchant . DIVIDENDS . Jan . 31 , W . Copper , Roadinjr , grocer—Feb . 3 , T . Johnson , sen ., W . Johnson , and G . Mann , bankers—Jan . 21 , S . Cox , lirunswick-street , Stamford-street , horse-dealer—Jan . 31 , T . Eldriilge , Upper North-place , Gray ' s-inn-road , coach-builder—Jan . 21 , If . Robinson , Strand , eoal-mcrcliant—Jan . 28 , J . Garnett , Liverpool , merchant—Feb . 1 , A . T . Tebbitt , Birmingham , toa-dealor—Jnn . 31 , A . Wyse , K . Baker , W . S . J ! entail , and R . Fanvcll , Totnes , bankers —Feb . 4 , S . AY . Harrison , Bristol , builder—Jan . 31 , . 1 . and 1 ) . Arthur , Neath , Glamorganshire , ironmasters—Feb . 4 , J . C . Petrie , Bedlington , Durham , miller—Feb . C . J . Sorby , Sheffield , steel-manufacturer—Feb . B , J . Firth , Ilcekmondwikc , Yorkshire , merchant—Feb . 7 , F . Parker , Kotherhain , socd-ei-usher—Feb . 1 , B . Jones , Birmingham , victualler .
BANKRUPTS . ( From Tuesday's Gazette . J John Curwon , Bridge-place , Tauxhall , cheesemonger—Louis Jean Baptiste Vandeau and Louis Ouczimc Benjamin Ynndenu , Wood-street , Chea-jside , dealers in artificial flowers—William Tydemau , Chelmsford , timber-merchant —Charles Frederick Warinau , I-Ioundsditeh , cliina-dealer — "William Moycs and T . Murin ;* -, Camomile-street , City , carmen—James Pell Yallop , Durham-street , Hackneyroad , carpenter—Arthur Brideson , Clare-street , Clavemai-ket , cheesemonger—John Stcadman , Ifayfield-place , Mile-eud-road , engineer—Jlichael Cronach and Marx Ilirschmonn , Sise-lar . e , City , merchants—Conrod Haverkava Gvcenhow , North Shields , ship-broker—Thomas Joplin , Sunderland , linen-draper—John Blake , Sunderland , Durham , hardwarcmau—Charles Lewis , bath , inn-keeper —Richard Bratton , son ., Shrewsbury , cabinet-maker .
DECXAB-iTIONS OF DIVIDENDS . G . and W . Noel , Jermyn-strcet , St . James ' s , bootmakers , first dividend of 3 s Gd in the pound , any Wednesday , at the office of Mr . Belcher , King ' s Ai-ms-yard , Coleman-Street . R . Pallisei ' , Moorgato-street , saddler , first dividend of 3 d in the pound , Saturday next , and two following Saturdays , at the office of Mr . Groom , Abchurch-lane , City . " W . Broome , Oxford-street , linen-draper , second and final dividend of 3 : ld in the pound , Saturday next , and two following Saturdays , at the office of Mr . Groom , Abchurchlane , City . J . Buckton , Darlington , Durham , grocer , first dividend on new proofs , of 3 s 4 din the pound , any Saturday , at the office of Mr . Baker , Newcastle-upon-Tyne . D . Storm , Cardiff , builder , first dividend of is in the pound , any Monday , at the office ot * Jlr . Acraman , Bristol . "W . Walker , Walness , Lancashire , dealer and chapman , ¦ fi ' T-fr * " * -l ' T"t ' ' " *' - * i ¦ V-v *'" ' * - auv . Tuesday , at the oflice ot Mr . llobson , Manchester . T . W . Butterworth , Hulme , Lancashire , draper , first dividend of Is lOid in the pound , any Tuesday , at the office of Mr . Uobson , Manchester .
DIVIDENDS . Feb . 6 , W . C . Clough , Eye , Suffolk , apothecary—Feb . 5 , W . L . Dore , Eghani , Surrey , innkeeper—Feb , 6 , J . Coles , New Bond-street , jeweller—Feb . 14 , J . F . Cork and J . L . De Carle , New Bond-street , coach-builders—Feb . 4 , W . A . Mcarns , Clapham , Surrey , ale-brewer—Feb . 4 , J . G . Webb , Rosamond-buildings , Islington , mineral water-manufacturer—Feb . 6 , It . J . Webb , Bath , wine-merchant—Feb . 7 , M . Martin , Bristol , upholsterer—Feb . 7 , R . B . Palmer , Bath , watchmaker—Feb . 4 , R . Williams , Bristol , dealer iu butter-Feb . C , " W . and V . Charters , Mcrthyr Tydvil , Glamorganshire , tea-dealers—Feb . 6 , J . Ilolroyd , North-moor , Northumberland , farmer—Feb . G , J . Bannister and D . Simpson , Liverpool , shipwrights — Feb . 14 , "VV . Newall , jun ., and A . Harrison , Manchester , grocers—Feb . 11 , J . Tristram , Basford , Nottinghamshire , beer house-keeper—Feb . 11 , 11 . Russell , Bradford , Yorkshire , provision-merchant—Feb . 11 , A . and J . Shepherd , Huddersfield , Yorkshire , merchants—Feb . 8 , J . Jardine , Liverpool , merchant —Feb . 7 , II . Denziloe , Dridport , Dorsetshire , grocer—Fob . 7 , J . and W . AVoUand , Exeter , turners—Feb . II , W . II . Bates , Birmingham , factor . CERTIFICATES TO BE CHANTED , UNLESS CAUSE BE SII 017 N
TO THE CONTRACT ON THE DAT OF MEETIISG . Feb . 6 , J . Tomlin , St . Michael ' s-alley , Cornhill , shipbroker—Feb . 0 , It . E . Lee , Craven-yard , Drury-knie , steam-machine printer—Feb . 5 , W . K . Roberts , Abingdon , groeer-Feb . 4 , C . S . T . Walker , Oxford-street , artificial florist—Feb . S , W . Sawyer , Louisa-street , Stepney , oilman —Feb . 5 , W . h . Dore , Egham , Surrey , innkeeper—Feb . 5 , J . Wates , Old Kent-road , victualler—Feb . 4 , A . Lemieutre , Chingford , Essex , miller—Feb . 4 , J . C . Ross , Savage-gar dens , Citv , merchant—Feb . 4 , M . Waller , Percy-street , Tottonham-couvt-voud , patent electro plater—l ' eb . 11 , M . Martin , Bristol , upholsterer—Fob . G , 3 . Loybouru , Bradford , Yorkshire , provision-shop-keeper—Feb . 7 , E . Glover , jun ., Leicester , ironmonger—Feb . 7 , E . P . Worth , IfenlcyvictuallerFeb 12
in-Arden , Warwickshire , — . , C . Homer , sen ., West Bromwich , Staffordshire , wine-merchant—Feb . 10 , C . Carter , Saddington , Leicestershire , miUer—Feb . 4 , J . Banks , Liverpool , tallow-chandler—Feb . 10 , W . If , Fitzhugh , Liverpool , merchant—Feb . 6 , J . Storey and J . Gibb , Liverpool , ship-chandlers—Feb . 6 , G . Alexander , Beaminster , Dorsetshire , innkeeper—Feb . G , C . Rayner , Blackburn , Lancashire , grocer—Feb . 4 , J . Sharpies , Blackburn Lancashire , cotton-manufacturer—Fob . 4 , It . Smith , Manchester , vam-agcnt-Feb . 4 , J . and II . Davies , Chiswell-strcot , llnendrapers —Feb . 4 , J . Nieholl , SowerhybriiV'C , Yorkshire , worsted spinners—Feb . 4 , A . 'i'hoiny son , ° Southainpton , grocer—Feb . 4 , T . Cook , Kirby-street , Hatton-gardeii , silver cutler—Feb . 4 , E . Peters , Goodstone , Surreybrewer .
, PAM ' . VEESIIIPS DISSOLVED . T Parkinson and 1 ' . Halliday , Liverpool , shoe bmdingmanufacturers-D . W . Sales and J . Vwso Kingston . upon-IIull , painters-J . and R . Mole , Birmingham , sword-manufacturers-E . Rawson and I ! . E . Henderson , Wood-street , Cheapside , City , warehousemen- ^ , and C . Andrews , Cardiff ; Glamorganshire , wholesale y ™ e- 'nerchants-J . and J . Barber , Cornhill , City , . hatteiW . Smith , It . Tetley , J . Glover , and J . Furish , "urtqn , Yorkshire , worsted-sp inners ; as tar as regards J . Smith —A . Hunter and G . il'Kerrow , Milton uext Gravesend , liuen-dvapei's-W . B . Rhodes and G . Riches , liuddersficld , Yorkshire , machine-makcrs-J . Smith ami i . A . Bird and
Hatton , Chesterfield , Derbyshire , gvocers-C . J . Thuburii , Btyth , Northumberland , ropcma kcrs-1 . and F . Style , Thames Ditton , Surrey , schoolmasters-J . Asliwell and C . Cooper , Longton , Staffordshire , earthenwaremanufacturers-G . Lapham , T . Brine , and F . A . Lapbam , Trowbridge , Wiltshire , lincn-ilrapers-E . Barker ami h . Smith , Norwich , glove-mauufacturors-F . Tomes and J . Bennett , Wolstone , Warwickshire , fanners—J . Barnett and E . Ryder , Plymouth , bakers—W . and W . Thompson , Kingston-upon-Hull , general smiths—G . Huddleston , T . Petty , C . S . Kennedy , R . Smith , II . Kennedy , and J . Park , Lindal Cote , Lancashire , miners j as far as regards G . Jluudlestonc—W . Smith , J . Smith , L . Smith , W . Smith , jun ., 1 * . Smith , and G . Smith , Keighley .
Yorkshire , machine-makers ; as far as regards L . Smith —J . Piper and B . Warsdall , Kingston-upon-Hull , housepainters—J . Kirkman and V . Taylor , Birkenhead , veteriiuvvy-Btti'geons ,
¦ Mppm»«""W""W* M *"""'«*M^«*W*≪«» ¦ 11 R—M—M^~*^ Market Intelligence.
¦ MpPM »«"" W "" W * *"""'«* M ^«* w *<«» ¦ 11 r—m—m ^~*^ MARKET INTELLIGENCE .
London Corn _ Exchange, Monday, Jan. 13....
London Corn _ Exchange , Monday , Jan . 13 . —The arrivals oi' English wheat ami Scotch and Irish oats were very large during tho past week ; of barley and oats from our own coast , the receipts were also rathci liberal , and fair supplies ot beans and peas were received . From abroad several cargoes of wheat and barley and a few parcels of oats came to hand . Af tliis moi'iiin < ' s market there was a small show oi wheat bv land-carriage samples from the neighbourin" counties ; only a moderate quantity ot beans and Si ¦« ,, « . !« . but of barley and oats the display was
iihni" . l Tho larre arrival ot wheat uireci to muiers S ^ the Sfo open languidly at tho same time Km-emainednm , and a fair clearance was ultimately inade at similar terms to those current 0 ii this hy setonight . The demand lor tree foreign vtoHas by no means brisk but the bus ^ s one was at fully previous rates . . All kinds o f flour wx * e difficult of disposal , and ship , samples were in some cases sold a triHc lower . Choice making barley wa . s inquired for , and fully as dear as bctore ; whilst secondary descriptions , as well as distilling ami grinding sorts , moved off tardily , and barely supported previous prices . Fine malt was saleable at quite as much monev . but the intermediate sorte
hung heavily on hand . The large quantity oi oats pressing on the market , and the inferior order in which niany ofthe cargoes have come to hand , rendered it necessary for factors to give way about Is . per qr ,, making the fall in a fortnight 2 s . per qr ,
London Corn _ Exchange, Monday, Jan. 13....
Beans and peas were in fair request and both articles quite as dear as on this day week . In bonded grain nothing of interest transpired . The continued arrivals of red clover seed from France have caused the demand to slacken , still there is no material alteration to notice in prices . Canary seed was cheaper to-day , other articles much as before . CURRENT PRICES OF GRAIN , FER IMPERIAL QUARTER . —British . s s s 9 Wheat , Essex , & Kent , new & old red 42 48 "White 51 5 t . Norfolkand Lincoln do 43 46 Ditto 48 53 Xorthum . and Scotch white 41 4 G Fine 48 52
—Irnh red old 0 0 Red 41 44 White 45 48 p .. Old SI 83 New 31 S 3 Brank 36 83 B ' arley Grinding .. 27 20 Distil . 30 82 Malt . 3138 Malt Brown .... 54 58 Pale 68 fl 8 Ware S 4 65 Beins Ticks old i new 30 3-1 Harrow 33 38 Pigeon 38 42 Peas Grcv & 3 S Ma V lc 8 S 85 WIlite ss i 0 Oats lincolns & Yorks hire Feed 21 23 Poland 23 2-3 _ Scotch Angus 23 24 Potato 24 26 Irish White 20 22 Black 20 32 Per 2 S 0 lb . net . s 8 Fer 2 S 0 lb . net . s s Town-made Flour ... 43 46 Norfolk & Stockton 33 34 Essex and Kent .... 31 36 Irish 34 35 Free . Bond .
Foreign . s s s Wheat , Dantsic , Konigsburg , & c 52 60 36 40 Marks , Mecklenburg 48 04 82 35 Danish , lFolstcin , and Frieslaud red 44 47 30 81 Russian , Hard 45 46 Soft ... 45 47 23 30 Italian , Red . . 46 60 "White ... SO 52 32 34 Spanish , Hard . it 50 Soft .... 48 62 82 34 Rye , Baltic , Dried , . . . 31 it Undried . . 31 32 21 24 Barley , Grinding . 27 29 Malting . . 33 34 24 30 Beans , Tieks . . 31 34 Egyptian . 31 35 26 30 1 ' e . is , AVliito . . 28 38 Maple . . SS S 4 28 30 Oats , Dutch , Brew and Thick 23 25 19 21 Russian feed 31 22 la 16 Danish , Frieslaud feed 21 23 15 17 Flour , per barrel 25 28 20 21
CORN AVERAGES . —General average prices of British corn for . the week ended Jan . 11 , 1 S 45 , made up from tho Returns of the Inspectors in tho different cities aud towns in England and Wales , per imperial quarter . Wheat .. 45 s . lOd . 1 Oats .... 21 s : 7 d . I Beans .. 35 s . 9 d . Barley . 34 s . 5 d . | Rye .... 31 s . 4 d . | Pease .. 36 s . Od Loxdox Smitiifield Cattle XvLuiket , Monday , J as . 13 . — The arrivals of beasts fresh up to our market this morning having been , tlie time of year considered , rather limited , and , generally speaking , of but middling quality , wc have to report—notwithstanding the supplies of meat in the dead markets are good—a decided improvement in the beef trade , at an advance in the currencies obtained on Monday last , of quite 2 d . per 81 b ., the primest Scots readily producing 4 s . 4 d . per 81 b . Very low cases of disease were noticed amongst cither the beasts or sheep . The former , however , were deficient in weight ; but
the latter were on the whole , in good condition . From Lincolnshire , Leicestershire , and lYorthamp * tonshire , wo received about 1000 shorthorns ; from Norfolk , Suffolk , Essex , and Cambridgeshire , 300 Scots and homebreds ; from the Western and Midland districts , S 00 Herefords , Dcvons , runts , Durhams , . fee . ; from other parts of England , 800 of various breeds ; and from Scotland , ISO horned and polled Scots . The number of sheep differed but little from those shown _ last week . Ilali-breds , as well as Downs , were in improved inquiry , and extreme rates were paid in every instance . All other breeds commanded a fair inquiry , at unaltered figures . The veal trade was firm , and the advance in the quotations on Friday last was supported . Prime small pigs sold readily ; other kinds slowly , at our quotations . Iso imports of stock have taken place from abroad since our last , consequently wc had none on sale to-dav .
By the quantities of Sib ., sinking the ofiai . s . d . s . d Inferior coarse beasts . . . 2 8 2 10 Second quality .... 3 0 S 6 Prime large oxen . .. 3840 Prime Scots , itc . .... 4 2 4 4 Coarse inferior sheep ... 2 10 3 2 Second quality .... 3 4 3 Prime coarse woollcd ... 3 10 4 0 Prime Southdown ¦ , , . 4 2 4 4 Large coarse calves , ' . ... 3 G 4 3 Prime small 4 4 4 8 Suckling calves , each . . . . 18 0 2 !) 0 Large hogs 3 0 3 6 Neat small porkers ,,, 38 40 Quarter-old store pigs , each . . 16 0 20 0
Hay Markets . — Smitbfield . — Coarse meadow hay , £ 3 10 s to £ i 10 s ; useful ditto , £ -t 12 s to £ 5 4 s ; fine upland ditto , £ 5 5 s to £ -5 10 s ; clover hay , £ 4 " 10 s to £ G ; oat straw , £ 1 12 s to £ 1 14 s ; wheat straw , £ 114 s to ; £ 1 lCs per load . Supply but moderate , and trade rather dull . WniTEcnAPEL . —Coarse meadow hay , - £ -3 10 s to £ 4 10 s ; useful ditto , £ 4- I 2 a to £ 5 4 s ; fine upland ditto , £ 5 5 s to £ -5 10 s ; clover hay , £ 4 10 s to £ 6 ; oat straw , £ 1 12 s to £ 1 lis ; wheat straw , £ 114 s to £ 1 10 s per load . Trade on the whole dull , at the above quotations . Meat Mahkets , Southai . * : ,, J as . 15 . —For prime
beasts and sheep we had a st . sady trade , at fully last quotations . All other kinds o . f stock were dull , but not cheaper . Beef , from 2 s 8 d to 4 s 4 d ; mutton , 3 s to 4 s 4 d ; veal 3 s Cd to 4 s tfd ; and pork , 3 s to 3 s Sd per 8 Ibs . Supply : —Beasts , \ 40 ; sheep , 1 , 300 ; calves , 50 ; pigs , 50 . \ Romford , Jax . 15 . —There was ratiher an improved business transacted here to-day , at fuiP nricc 3 . Beef , from 2 s lOd to 4 s 4 d ; mutton , ' 2 s lOd to --4 s 4 d ; veal , a > fl | Un 4 s 2 d ; and pork , 2 s lOd to 3 s Gd \ "er gibs , buckling ciiivx ' s , jloo-c . QQ .., u—• .. _ „ i , i .. „^ v , v ]„ s 16 s to Ids , * and milch cows , with their sinaii c « aV £ 16 to £ 19 each . '
Lewes , Jan . 14 . —Beef , from 3 s to 4 s 4 d ; mutton , 2 s lOd to 4 s 0 d ; veal , 3 s 8 d to 4 a : and pork , 3 a to 3 s Cd per Slbs . Supply but moderate and trade firm . Coal Market . —Prices per ton at the close of the market : —Adair ' s Main , 15 s ; Buddie's West Hartley , 19 s Gd ; East Tanfield , 17 s Gd ; Morrison ' s Hartley , ISs ; Nelson's West Hartlev , 19 s Cd , * Old P-ontop , 1 * 73 Cd ; TwyzelMain , 17 s ; West Wylam , 20 a ; W . E :, Clennell , 20 s ; W . E ., Elm Park , 21 s 6 d ; W . E ., Heaton , 21 s Gd ; W . E ., Hilda , 21 s 3 d ; W . E ., Hotspur , 21 s ; W . E ., Wharncliffe , 21 s Gd ; "W . E ., Hctton , 24 s ; "W . E ., Lambton , 24 s ; W . E ., Stewarts , 24 s ; AV . E ., Caradoe , 23 s Gd ; W . E ., Heseldcn , 21 s 3 d ; W . E ., Adelaide , 22 s 9 d ; W . E ,, Barrett , 21 s 9 d ; W . E ., Brown ' s Deanery , " 21 s 3 d ; W . E ., St . Helen ' s Tees , 20 s ; "VV . E ., Seymour Tees , 22 s 3 d ; W . E ., Tennant's , 21 s ; W . E ., Graigola , 21 s ; Anthracite , 22 s ; Garnant Stone , 25 s ; Lewis Moi'thyr , 21 s ; West Hartley Netherton , 19 s Gd . —Ships arrived , 18 .
Richmond Corn * Market , Jan . 11 . —Wc had a fair supply of grain iu our market to-dav . Wheat sold from 5 s . Cd . to Ts . Oats 2 s . to 3 s . Gd . Barley 3 s . Gd . to la . Beans 4 s . 8 x 1 . to 5 s . per bushel , Manchester Corn Market , Saturday , Jan . 11 . — During the week the demand for flour was not active , but , the stocks of this article being only moderate , factors have not evinced any anxiety to soil , and prices have undergone no change . With considerable arrivals of both oats and oatmeal , buyers held aloof in the expectation of being able to purchase on lower terms ; but the quantities received amounting to less than were generally anticipated , holders were not disposed to accept lower terms . At out market this morning there was not much passing in wheat , but no alteration in prices can be noted . Flour was likewise in but moderate request at the quotations of this day se ' nnight . Although both oats and oatmeal met a very slow sale , factors were fimi in demandinc previous rates , which checked business .
In beans no change was observable . Liverpool Corn IMarket , Monday , Jan . 13 . — During the last seven days we have had large supplies of the chief article of the trade . The duty on foreign beans has advanced Is ., namely , to Gs . Gd . per quarter . The supplies above noted were principally up for Tuesday ' s market , when a moderate quantity of Irish new wheat was sold ; the best description realized the top quotations of the previous week , but secondary qualities were disposed ol at a reduction of Id . to 2 d . per 70 lbs . No change inthe value of foreign , nor was there any variation in the value of flour . The best mealing oats were held for 3 s . Id ., at which there were not many buyers : but a few parcels of good quality were taken off at Ss . per 4511 'S . Oatmeal met a lair demand at 25 s . to 2 ds . 3 d . per 2401 bs . Though the business since has heen on a limited scale , holders have remained firm , and prices for each of the above articles have been quite maintained . Barley , beans , and peas are quoted mtuout alteration .
Liverpool Cattle Market , Monday , Jan . 13 . —We have had a small supply of cattle at our market today ; anything of first-rate quality was eagerly sought after , and sold at—beef . 5 * u . to Gd ., mutton Gil . to O Jd . per lb . Cattle imported into Liverpool from the 6 th to the 13 th Jan . —160 cows , 27 calves , 2162 sheep , 4 lambs , 3693 pigs , 32 horses . Malto . v Conx Market , Jas . 11 . —We have only a small supplv of all grain offering to this day s market . Wheat of all descriptions in good dcmand . at last vrcek ' s prices . In fine barley no material alteration ; inferior sorts Is . per qr . lower . Oats same as last week . Wheat , red , 44 s . to 48 s . ; old ditto , 50 s . to 52 s . ; ditto white , 48 s . to 52 s . ; old ditto , 5-s . to 60 s . per qr . of 40 st . Barley 28 s . to 32 s . per qr . ol 32 stOats 9 * dso 10 id . stone .
. , . per York Conx Market , Jax . ll .-Wo arc rather thinly supplied with grain to-day . In wheat and barley of tine quality and condition , wc note no alteration , * secondary sorts are Od . per qr . lower , -with a slow sale . Oats dull ; the same may he said of beans , but neither are cheaper . HowDEsCons Market , Jats . 11 . — 'Wheat , 366 qvs ., £ 823 12 s . Gd ., £ 2 5 s . average price por qr . ; barley , 12 qvs ., £ 18 ,. £ 1 10 s . ; oats , 595 qrs ., £ 501 Cs . Gd ., 10 s . lOd . ; beans , 15 qrs ., £ 25 10 s ., £ 114 s . Leeds Corx Market , Tuesday , Jan . 14 . — We have again a large arrival of wheat , and a fair one of barley , while that of other grain does not exceed the wants of tlie trade , Wheat generally is much affected bv the damp variable weather ; sales
consequently proceed slowly , and last week ' s prices arc with difficulty supported . The best barleys only are taken without change in value , and other descriptions are verv unsaleable . Oats , beans , and shelling , steady , with a fair demand . Leeds Cloth Trade , —The business at the cloth halls is still improving . The appearance of activity at the coloured cloth hall , on Tuesday , was quite chcerin " . At the white cloth hall busine £ S . ; yvas not o . uite eo ° bi'islc . The business transactgCattmjfarehouses is also indicative of an improvui ^ ii ^^\
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Jan. 18, 1845, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_18011845/page/7/
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