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N ovember 18, 1848. ¦ THE NORTHERN STAR....
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Soetrp
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SHE UNPRECEDENTED PRESIDENT. Lscg years ...
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' eu Ethno l ogical Journal. November. L...
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Re Biasontr. Part 30. Lffldon: J. Watson...
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TO THE PEOPLE OF ENGLAND. LXREB III. ' S...
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* Princes,
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Lints IV. Fellow Coustrtmbn,—It was my i...
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THE ORGANISATION OF LABOUR, The minda of...
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THE ROYAL COLOBSEUif . To attempt a desc...
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Poittkchnic Institution.-On Monday some ...
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wmthr t
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It is said that an immen se number of co...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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N Ovember 18, 1848. ¦ The Northern Star....
N ovember 18 , 1848 . ¦ THE NORTHERN STAR . *
Soetrp
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She Unprecedented President. Lscg Years ...
SHE UNPRECEDENTED PRESIDENT . Lscg years of sorrow now bare put In donas above a nobis race , And shall it be its fate at last To perish in a fool ' s embrace ? Tbs world has tees thrsemoBarchs fail , A fourth on * rises to oar view—A biUlsrd table gives his ball , Hit sceptre Is a marker ' s cat ! And in the distance , to our eyes , Tbe courtiers ia hit ante room Bifore astonished Europe rise—The gambler , dandy , and the grotto , And thousand men who gave their votes Up to the throne to raise this Mars , Learn from their King a teste in coats , And how to choose the best cigars .
And to the people he most give A good war , at a bloody top ; An dhsue—tho his power may live—The eagle of tbe sausage tbop ! The eagle cf the sausage tbop , That Louis carried o ' er the flood , Will fli—but this time , ere be drop , Perchance may feed on human blood ! fHpptt-S & OW .
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' Eu Ethno L Ogical Journal. November. L...
' eu Ethno l ogical Journal . November . London : Hardwicke , 14 , Clement ' s Lane , Strand . pie principal article in thiinumber—an outline of ¦ i jje' Lectures on Egyptian Archeeilogy , by G . R . Stf , Esq . '—cannot tail to excite universal in-^ u Gliddon , who appear ! to be a native of Ame-£ . has devoted many years to the study of Egyp . S n antiquities . Dorintj the latt six years he to teen engaged in making knowu the results SThis investigation to tha people of the States SUtnttwnaan of pubUo lectures , publications , S i « a lecturer Mr Gliddon has deservedly ac ! 5 red immense popularity . His audiences have
I , r a . v—A ~* A * iwn thnnsanil nprnnnn JLed iron two hundred to two thousand persons , Lading to the population of the place ; and alto . JSier he has made not less than ahundred thousand Jasons familiarly acquainted with the interesting Jjinecf s of his discourses . The newspaper press by rs li ' shing reports of the lectures have still more * ye ] y extended the circle of Mr Gliddon ' s auditors , Tt willi therefore , be easily understood why so much Qirs of public attention and inquiry are devoted to ge subject of Egyptian antiquities in the United Slaty , than in this coantty . It strikes us that were jfr Gliddon to undertake a lecturing tour in this HBitry , both himself and his English audiences maid derive benefit from the intercourse . l
The 'Present Position of Hierogyphical DiteoTcries' is the subject of the first of the three lee tea , ef which we have an outline in the article before n * . A curious account is given of the discovery of the key to the reading of hieroglyphics , furnished hi the Rosette Stone , now in the British Museum . AeariUg to Mr Gliddon , the art of writing was fa * juliar to the builder * of the pyramids , 3 , 400 years s c . ; and the Egyptians possessed books certainly as fjjbtck as 2300 b . c . The second lecture contains Bine curious statements relative to the religions ideas cf the ancient E gyptians . The third Jeeture is derated to that riddle—the pyramids . The riddle is , ts serer , at last made plain , if we accept Mr Glid . iai'i version of tha builden of those astonishing lectures , and the purpose for which they were despied . The lecturer having reviewed and rejected fie theories put forth by a multitude of writers , prooedg to give his own as to
THE PYRAM 1 DSWSKS , AND BI WHOlt BOIU , ASD 70 S WHIT ' PUBFOSK ? 1 . As te the epochs of tbe pyramid ! of Memphis . Itae were all built between the times of Noah and itrttiaraia the scale of biblical chronology , end these olHeoes , tbe first Paeroah of Egypt , and the founder of £ s £ rst dynasty atHemphla , and the thirteenth dynasty fa collateral Egyptian hieroglyphics ! chronology . Thus i 3 the Heraphite pyramids existed and were ancient 3 , ( 100 jean before Christ . AUthe pyramids in Lower Srtpt are 4 , 600 years old , and taking the pyramid of Xeris , according to Lepsius * letters , built betweea £ 1 H sad 3191 yean before Christ , as tbe last of this Eries , the remainder will successively recede to above 5 , 000 years ago . 2 . The bnUdert ef the pyramids were Uizralmites , rlflsren of Ham of the Caucasian race . 'Whether these
pjcpls vrere outoetfones or terra genifi , or whether thej crxs originally from Asia , is a question Mr Qlldnon tacawes In other lectursi , referring In the meantime to Mor ton ' s JEqikiaca . It Is sufficient to say , that fey were Caucasians , and white men , and Eryptiuu . 3 . In their objects the pyramids were exclusively epishral . Tbey represent the tombs of the Pharoabt tio ruled in Hempris prior to tbe invasion of the Ajlhos tribes , and are , therefore , the sepu ' ehres of a Ijif line of Egyptian Kings who reigned from tbe first to tie thirteenth dynasty of Manttho .
Some idea of the altitude of the Great Pyramid ray be formed by comparing it with that of other EKmnments . * It is forty-three feet higher that St Jeter ' s at Rome , —about 126 feet higher than St Paul ' s in London , and more than twice the height of tie Bankers Hill Monument , Boston . If converted into bid , the materials of the Great Pyramid would had the entire city ofPhttadetphia V A'Critical Analysis of the Hebrew Chronology ' ( sstinued from a former number , will command the Station of the class of readers and thinkers to tiara this periodical is specially addressed .
Re Biasontr. Part 30. Lffldon: J. Watson...
Re Biasontr . Part 30 . Lffldon : J . Watson , 3 , Queen ' s Head Passage , Paternoster-row . The' Reasoner has for some time past contained JTaloable series of articles from the pen of Mr Colbit , on' Tbe Rise and Progress of the Swiss Repnb-Ets . ' Mr Cooper ' s' Orations' —really eloquent compositions—take up a considerable portion of this Death's Part . No . 126 contains an extract from lomj Blanr / s * History of Ten Years f the extracted tatter being Gedefroi . Cavaignac ' e defeats , when tried before the Paris Court of Assize for holding Beetinga at which more than twenty persons attended . The deceased Godefroi Cavaignac was bather to the present General Cavaignac The fol-Iwing words might have been addressed by a Jnne tnrgent , to Mai who now disgraces the cams of tbe lite lodes of the Re & nbliean party .
OODinoi CAVAISMC S DEKKOS . Vt » are , yon ssy , tbe enemies alike ef society aad tbe fwanraent , bnt to thlt I have already replied ; what we bats in society are its vices . We are the real friends of law order , for we with that it should be corrected , * sJ we believe that it is susceptible of being so . Too , vbsay fast it it good , flitter it ; yon , who tay that it fciH & lwyi remain videos , caioaniate it . Farther . Bore , I may , upon this occasion , ones again , demand , titers it that organisation which we intend to destroy ! Bsligion , science , labour—what it there constituted and HUleJ la existing society ? Bdlgton ! Askaprtest , H . deLamennais , Science ! Aft BaipsiL What scientific organisation is there b s csaatry that It destitute of popular inttrnctioa ?
As for labour , inquire of all those who are devoted to ' '¦> ifft be organised . Benumber Ljons ; examine all fiat it said , all that is done for want of Iawt to orgs , css latonr . Strange calumny ! We are disorgasisers taiodetyin wfeich organisation i « wanting , and in *& h 98 desire it may be at last esUbltsbed . liltiarellgisal We era for the absolute liberty of { % sclenca ; we are for baring no priests who , under UJ pretence whatever , should govern the affiirs of tbe world ; neither do we adopt a faith which refers every-^ i 3 g to heaven ; which reducet equality to equality in 'aoeresof God ; to that posthumous equality which Paganism proclaimed at well at Catholicism .
& lirica , as we understand It , comprises the sacred ^ oti ef humanity . We deem it ml enough to bold up * ware-crow to crime after death , to offer the wretched ^ tcosolationspon the other side of the grave . Morality * Ji well-being—that It to say , equality—most be esta-« 5 » led in this world . The title of man mutt avail to ^ tab jfor all those who bear it , a common religions typist for their righto , a pious sympathy for their ** " » Ths religion which we profess is that which ^ t hings horrid prisons into penitentiaries , and which * u abaliib the penalty of death in the name of human ' ^ ability . ? « science we demani that It be organised so as to r elate labeur , to multiply production , wealth , and ^ afort , to diffuse iaitruetiofl , and to defend mankind fShut the acounret that befall it . We demand that it
3 ^ aniseo , so that when a man like Broussais shall ?*»* himself as candidate he may be elected , and that ^/ * J have as electors men who will not thrust aim E * ^ 0 r 'sU-organlsed election is la Its torn pre-emi-^' J J a la , of organisation . We say as much for letters , Bon ru ""** We 81 " them , we tay , social utility , * ° ' ~ > « DMty , public examination , election . t-hl - lKKVe . we demand that it be no longer made -wrainatg t 0 the interests of the greedy and the idle ; — — -us uucicsts ut uio B' " J " **>• - ~ " *—" f
^ f s h t 1 * that thB working man be no ; longer made Uth pU ,, dra 3 geof the capitalist ; that the labour of u ihT 1118 ** u * whole Mnrce of s " ; thBt he find j Ij r * tsiablithment of public banks , in the diffusion of , , g ? ° *» th general aad special to bis calling , in the j „ a 4 m « lilration of Joitice ani tbe equitable adfiii ? ' taxation , in the multiplication of the «»& * interco 8 > municatlon , and In the power of as-» noa itjsa ; ti , 8 means of jjghteniag his tasks , of ii 3 a « t ! £ ating Ms capabUities , and of recompensing h ' s tvT ^ == 0 coursse . W « demana . above SU . that
fesof ' c 0 n 3 tUnte the fir 8 t of a 11 clBim > to th 0 eX € r " * a 4 «„ S , iaca , ri S «» -f « societies subsist by labsur JS * ****** ( „ £ «* » ord I pause , mesaUurs . I feel It needfalstiU 4 :-eW Pnrsu 8 my explanations ; for we are accused of f riaA bosffl 8 to proprietort , and I must add that , in liM ™ . ***** . amidst the general existing want of or pra ^? ? "d lifo which I have pointed out , property tjj T " * ittelf under an aspect of ttrength and organisa"• war ant wolotlea eitatlished it oa aew pawi i
Re Biasontr. Part 30. Lffldon: J. Watson...
imprrfect indeed , bat founded on a ustf oi principle—that of division . That division is effected solely by limiting the right of inheritance , by enacting the equal partition ef pttrimoales and prohibiting entails , Tbit was not the only meant it might bare employed ; for instance , it ought further to hare extended tbe right of Inheritance—thatlt to tay , tkat the principle ef the divisions of property woald have received increased force and completeness , if there had been levied on evtry inheritance of a certain value a tort of duty , which should be thrown into a common fund to be divided among the panter clasi . * * * Tha sentiment of property Is one of those that are natural to man ; bnt it It precisely because man longs to poiaen , and became we must not slight or overlook this instinctive tendency , that we wonld bare ltittiiSed in tbe greatest poislble number of men . instead of being gratified only in a few exceptional ins'aaces ..
There woald be no more great fortunes ; there would ba no more excessive poverty . Politically and morally tbit would ba a blessing . It it alleged that the socman , latioa of capital it neotisary for certain purposes of produouoa . Bat there alwajt will be a sufficiently large capitalist—the budget . Betides , what will compensate for the inb-divlsioa of capital ! Once more , Assaclatioa . We do not contest the right of property ; only we estimate above it the right which society poisetsei of regu - lating it for tbe greatest commen good . We cannot admit the right of doing what oae will with one ' s own to the extent of abating it to the detriment of the toclal ttate .
These are noble sentiments , nobl y expressed . How WOuld the pure spirit of Godefroi Cavaignac suffer if conscious of the perfidy , tyranny , and cruelty of his unworthy brother ! It was a sad day for France whea Godefroi Cavaignac died ; it was a day still more unfortunate when General Caraignao was born .
To The People Of England. Lxreb Iii. ' S...
TO THE PEOPLE OF ENGLAND . LXREB III . ' So , go , without a sigh Or tob , and de my will , ' he said ; ' For know , withoat the peasant , girl , we none of ua bad bread ! 'lis from the peasant ' s hardy ttoek tbe race of glanta * are—The peasant lino plaything , child—No , God forbid he were !' Zfo Boftl Highmt PHnee Albert . Fsllow Countkimmi— I know your feelings . They are my own . Pleasure and gratitude in reflectine that our Prince doet not forget he is one of us—< Tha pe & umt is MO plaything , child—No , God forbid he were !'
I do not address you on the subject of the Norwich Riot for the purpose of exciting the angry passions of class atainst class . No ; my hope is , that therein I shall discover just cause that will induce every class to unite in striving to obtain the repeal of the cruel and unconstitutional Act ef Parliament which was the causa of that riot , and has done more towards the entire separation ot the different daises than any other circumstance—that unchristian Aot of Parliament which has in this cate overcome the power of the Church , the authority of the constitution , and the strongest sympathies ot the people by physical force ! That Aot of Parliament whioh has made a pretence of appointing law makers for us all , although
( 1 state it on the authority of the late noble and learned Earl Etdon ) , the Constitution has nowhere given to parliament that power ! Fellow Countrymen ! Seeing that tha officers who , by tbe bow Poor Law Act , assume to be authorised to make laws , in direct opposition to those of God , ths Church , and the Constitution , to break the union of man and wife , a ^ e still retained , though their persons and titles are changed , it is impassible that jour attention can be tea closely fixed on the unconstitutional nature of their appointment , which was , indeed , admitted by Lord Chancellor Brougham when he introduced the new Poor Law Bill to the Home of Lord ? .
On that point the venerable Earl Eldon solemnly snored me he had no doubt , although time and physical force may have sanctioned those oScers , and , toour disgrace , familiarised os with their oppressions , still , to Jong as a plank of ' onr glorious constitution ' remain * . I hope we shall take every constitutional plan and opportunity to record our detestation at the usurped power of parliament—in setting up such tyrants to rule over us . To rule with despotic power over the clergy , the nobility , the ratepayers , the guardians , and every poor law officer , as well as over the paupers !
Permit me to refer you to the opinion of Mr Plunkett—afterwards Lord Chancellor of Irelandon the question of parliament having tbe power to make lawmakers . These are his words : — " I call on any mas who hears me to take down my words ; you have not been elected for this purpose . You have been appointed to make laws , not legislators—you are appointed to act under the constitution , not to destroy it—you are appointed to exercise the functions of legislators , and not to transfer them : and , if you d- > so , your act is s dissolution of the government , you retolve $ oekly into its original elements , and no man in the land is bound to obey you . ' Words , full of the same import , were addressed to me by him who perhaps batter than any other man understood and appreciated the principles bf the English constitution—the late Earl Eldon .
Tbe words of such a man are not to be forgotten . Though disregarded then , their solemn weight must now be felt ; for the most powerful excuses advanced in support oi the acknowledged unconstitutional Act are proved to have been fallacious ; they are—that it would ' restore to industry its due reward , visit idleness with its appropriate punishment , reinstate property in security , and lift up once more—God be praised!—the character of that noble English peasantry to the proud eminence where , but for the ( old ) Poor Laws , it would have shone untarnished , the admiration of mankind , and the glory of the owntry which boasts it as its brightest ornament '—[ Lord Brougham ) The failure is complete ! It is acknowledged by Lord Brougham himself ! It is written in faota that cannot be mistaken . Now , it may ba said with truth , ' all property is shaken to pieces . '—[ Lord Brougham . )— ' The new Poor . Law was proposed at a time of great party violence . '—1
{ Lord Brougham . )—Then , those who had been blown into significance by the most ' violent and onscrupalou * agitation '—{ Lord Brougham ); men who had osen thrust into office by the revolutionary ' pressure from without—[ LordBrougham ); statesmen , whose only qualification for office was the influence they had obtained over the minds of the unreflecting , by ' pandering to their basest passions '—( lord Brougham)—these new-fledged officials resolved to try their hands at legislation by making * plajtMoga * efthe most sacred right of their former tool * and patrons—the' peasants ! ' Attempting to consolidate the power of the law , they removed the foundation on whioh all law must rest—the right of the poor to liberty and life ! Those patrons of Reform were deaf to the warnings of the wise and venerable Earl Eldon , they , at the bidding of Lord Brougham , laid the foundation of our present miserablo state ! Pity , that others assisted them in that revolutionary act .
Now , however , seeing that Lord Bronghamlwho oerhaps unconsciously , has done more to revolutionise Europe than , any other man ) is sick of revolutions , and that Lord John Russell , with the whole power and energy of the government , has been engaged in putting revolutions down—it may surely now be expected that the opinion of the late Earl Eldon will be regarded , and that those who were most instrumental in passing the revolutionary new Poor Law Act will ( having read its true character , in the revolutionary spirit it has created amongithe peasants' ) be anxioua to prove their repentance and their respect for the judgmentof Lord Eldon by instantly adopting meamres to repeal the unconstitutional sot . With this hope , I respectfully , once more , remind them of the sayings of that learned , venerable , aud noble constitutional lawyer . May his wtrds find a biding place in year hearts , my fellow-countrymen !
Never forget , that persisting ia errar cannot change ita character—time cannot justify injustice—neither can might make wrong right . While the new Poor Law Bill was under discussion ia the House of Lord ? , I had the honour ef an interview with the noble and learned Earl Eldon . 1 was exceedingly anxious that his lordship should attend the house and give his opposition to that measure . I most respectfully urged him to do bo . His Lordship answered me thus— * I have withdrawn from the House of Lords . I can do no good now . It is an unconstitutional bill ; bnt it is sure to pass . Naw-a days , they will pas anything . ' EarlEldoaalso assured me ( and permitted me to use his name as
authority for the opinion ); 'that there was no authority to empower the legislature to pass such a bill , nor , when passed , any constitutional pow < jr to enforce it . * ' If , " ( said that truly learned aad constitutional lawyer)— 'If matters have indeed come to this , a National Convention should ba assembled . ' To his friend the Earl Stanhope , Earl Eldon styled the new Poor Law' the most infamous law that ever was enacted in any Christian country . ' Conversing with the eame benevolent and truly patriotic nobleman , Earl Eldon said , in reference to the Anti-New Poor Law movement , 'If the parliament will not do its duty , the people must do theirs ! ' and again . ' nothing can be done till the country is ready for it , which it soon will be !'
Surely the country has had enough-of that revolutionary edict when her Majesty ' s commission is dishonoured , and her royal authority is perverted , to violate tbe law of God—to trample upon the authority of the church—to break the sacred union of man and wife ! . . It it vain , fellow-countrymen , striving to strengthen au edifice when the cement that binds ita atones together is removed . It is hopeless to defend institutions when their foundation is destroyed . When the life-giving principle is withdrawn , the body must decay' Onr social edifice did rest securely on the equitable rig ht of the poor ; that has been removed , and since then every class and every interest has been shaken to ita tery base , and now tatters at every
To The People Of England. Lxreb Iii. ' S...
™* Depend upon it , Englishmen , your Prinoe uttered a solemn and most important troth , when ms Koyal Highness declared ' the interests of all Classes are the same !' . « j » * . ! V 6 Jal 00 ° npant of tho throne—to the noble wa titled peerage-to the landlords , banker * , merouants , manufacturers , farmers , and shopkeepers ( to ™ f le r « . I » bsJl 8 peakin my next ) , I would respecttuUy appeal-urging them , as they hope ( amidst thecrumbhng of thrones , the levelling of distinctions , the destruction of property , and the wasting away of commerce ) to secure their rights and privileges , by restormg those of the poor !
May they listen to the voice of Eldon-may con science speak—justice prevail-rsmembering that principles are not playthings ! Like water , they will find their level ! Hencs the tide of calamity fl ' JW , npward ! None is secure ! The Throne is now the object of attack ; it must be weakened when ita only props are bayonets and cutlasses ! How firm was that Throne—how braad its basement—when every cottage was a foundation stone ! The peasant it no plajtWng , child-No , Goal forbid hi were 1 ' I am , fellow countrymen , yonri faithfully , „ ,, .. Richard Oi . stj . eb . Fulham , Middlesex .
P . S . Would that I could convince every rank of my countrymen of the immense importance to the prosperity of the nation of the parochial system ! by it , all ranks , from the pear to the peasant , were united ; they were bound together by the cords of sympathy ! Tho union , or centralising syetera , makes slaves of them all ; it chains them , peers and peasants , to a despot , who it himself , in spite of his kindlier feelings , forced to be a tyrant!—R . O .
* Princes,
* Princes ,
Lints Iv. Fellow Coustrtmbn,—It Was My I...
Lints IV . Fellow Coustrtmbn , —It was my intention that tbit letter should contain au earnest appeal to the clergy , with the hope of inducing them to use their powerful influences to stem the torrent of infidelity whioh , under the mask of 'liberal and enlightened principles , ' is impoverishing and demoralising the people committed to their charge . Is > is necessary that I postpone that appeal , in consequence of a moat important letter which I have just read , addressed to my esteemed friend , the editor of the W AKErisLD Jotjbsil , and inserted in that paper on the 27 ch ult . —a letter written , not by a bliad partisan , an enthusiastic demagogue , cr a furious bigot , but the production of a highly respectable , intellieen * , and practical manufacturer of the town of Bradford , in Yorkshire ; tbe letter is dated October 28 , 1848 , and is signed William Rand .
Mr W . Raod is the employer of many hundreds of workpeople ; he is one of the most eminent manufacturers in Yorkshire—a man of high and honourable character , who has' long had his attention drawn to the social condition of the working classes ; ' he entirely divests himself of the slightest tinoture of partisanship , for he says' to strengthen the' Russell , ' ' Peel . ' or 'Stanley' party , or any other party , is as dust in the balance compared with objects of such paramount importance ' as tnoie on which he treats . I shall strengthen my intended appeal to the clergy by calling your attention to Mr William Rind's letter .
Mr William Rtnd is a successful manufacturer , who has been stopped in his profitable career by what he terms ' a god whioh England has sat up called 'Cheapness ; " and he complains that ' every thing in the shape of industry is to be sacrificed to it . Consumers . ' he adds . * it seems , mint bay ' cheap , ' no matter by what means that cheapness is attained . ' He acknowledges that cheapness Ms considered by the political economists an unmixed good ; ' Mr William Rand is , however , now convinced , that' it is a great and serious delusion . ' I will not at present stop to aak whether Mr William Rand has not been a very influential coadjutor and supporter of those persons who he now charges with being under' a great and serious delusion . ' It is enough that he now feels and acknowledges their error .
Englishmen ! Ton who have been deluded by the cry of'Cheap bread , high wages , and plenty to do , ' read with solemn attention tbe description now given ( by one of its meet eminent manufacturers—by one of its most talented and hononrabls inhabitants ) of the town of Bradford , a ' , town which , before the operation of Free Trade , was noted for its almost uninterrupted prosperity—ay , even whea other manufacturing towns were passing under the cloud of adversity , the trade of Bradford has been very profitable . Mr William Rand describes this epoch
as—A period when the trade of this important part of tbe kingdom is in a moat depressed condition—when soolal erlli of aa extensive and alarmist ; character have , on many occasions , disturbed tbe public peace , and put In jeopardy tbe very safety of society In the manufacturing districts—a period when eur workhouses are filled with tbe destitute and onr gaolt with the districted—when thousands are out of work—when the middle classes , the shopkeepers , end other tradesmen , are , In addition to the almost entire absence of profits , absolutely eaten up with poor ratet and other local burdens , In addition to tbe general taxation of the country . It is very easy to copy that woeful description oi poverty and destitution , but language would fail to describe the agony , remorse , and vexation of spirit endured by a crowded manufacturing population that it reduced to a state of so much misery . I will not attempt to describe that state of Act-of-Parliamtnt . made destitution and anguish .
Mr William Rand says the causes of this overwhelming calamity are , first , ' cheapness , ' which , he complains , in almost all the various branches of marjufactariug industry , forces the prices iekw prime wt ; and , secondly , To that constant stream of Immigration from the rural parti of tbe country into tbe large towns and villages of tbe manufacturing districts , which bat been going on for yean , accumulating in inch numbers that it Is totally impossible for th em to find employment , and , as a necessity consequence , requiring an amonnt of poor rate for their relief absolutely ruinous .
The first cause of these miseries is fairly attributable to the operation of Free Trade ; for it is an avowed maxim with the friends of Free Trade , that , ' Freedom from restraint is calculated to give the beat direction to thecapitaland industry of the country —the maxim of buying labour in the cheapest market is the best rule for the trade of the whole nation . ' And , again , ' The employer of labour is to avail him * self of all circumstances by whioh he can reduce the value of labour . ' Such were the lessons dictated by the 'philosophers' of ' common sense , ' and when any ona dared to question their truth , he was branded with the epithet of' fool / ' bigot , '' madman . ' or' in . cendiary , * Whether Mr William Rand may have assisted by
his influence in and out ot Parliament to produce the' cheapness' of whioh he complains , and which is now reducing tbe people of Bradford to poverty , is known to himself ; but certainly the constituency of Bradford—viz ., ' themiddleolasses , the shopkeepers , and other tradesmen—are only reaping the harvest they themselves have sown . If the fruit is bitter , they have to blame themselves . Perhaps they fancied it was possible to ' cheapen' corn and labour , to ' crush the aristocracy' and the peasantry , and still keep up the price of yarn ! If so , they have learned a very useful lesson . They have been cured of that ' ignorance ' of whioh Prince Albert complainedthey now know' the interest of all cla » es is the same . ' Mr William Rand ' s second reason fer the calamity
which has befallen Bradford requires special remark from me . It is cauaed , he says , by ' that constant stream of immigration from the rural parts of the country into the large towns and villages of the manufacturing districts . ' 'Themiddleolasses , the shopkeepers , and other tradesmen' of Bradford , with few honourable exoep . tions , have no claim to pity on that score . Tbey well know that the migration branch ef the New Poor Law was especially invented and established for the benefit of' the large towns and villages of tho manufactntiog districts / and that' the middle classes , the shopkeepers , and other tradesmen' of Bradford fmav the exceptions ba honoured ) were resolutely
determined to enforce the New Poor Law , in spite of the remonstrance and protest of the working classes . These latU r were wiser than their employers . True , they were devoid of' common sense , ' so called , but they had read in a book , whose contents they reverenced— ' A poor maa that oppresseth the poor is like a sweeping rain which leaveth no fnod ; ' hence they refused to be parties in thejoppresaion of the poor rural labourers . Fellow-countrymen , I beg your most attentive perusal of the following unvarnished statement , then yon will ioim a correct estimate cf the unreasonableness of any complaint from' the middle classes , the shopkeepers , and other tradesmen' of the town of Bradford , on the score of the immigration of
agricultural labourers . When the New Poor Law was in contemplation , a vary wealthy manufacturer , Mr Ashworth , wrote to the secretary of the Poor Law Commission , Mr Edwin Chadwick , urging him to make the migration system a part of the new measure . A quotation from a letter witten by that person will prove that fact ; it is as follows , dated , Turton , near Bolton , June 9 ,
1834 :- . , , Full employment in every department wai never more easy to be fonn ^ than now , cane . quently waeeshave advanced in most operative emplojnwnts , particularly so In ths least skilful . ' ' Handloom weavers have been much wanted , and their wages advanced , on an average , tea per cent . This bespeaks a scarcity of Iabonrera here ; at the earns time , great complaints are made of the surplus population of the agricultural counties' 'The suggestion which I particularly wlih to Amendment
make is , that in the new [ Poor I . aw ] BUI the greatest possible facility shoaH be afforded to families of this description fagricultural larouren ] , who rtonld be wllllag or desirous of removing from the agri cultural counties , where work is scarce , to the manufacturing districts , Khere UU abundant / « I am moat anxious that every facility be given to the removal of labourers from one county to anomer , according to the demand for labour ; this wautd have a tendency to equalise wages , as well at prevent in a degree some of the tura . ouU which have been of late io prevalent , '
Lints Iv. Fellow Coustrtmbn,—It Was My I...
I will not here diignstyon with the fraudulent practices used to make the poor agricultural dopes Willing or denrou a' to exchanger their native fields for the dark and gloomy milk . Suffice it to s » y , thousands upon thousands of those- poor unhappy wretches were oast upon the mannfacttsring districts , mcopequence of the suggestions ot Messrs Gregg and Ashwerth-want of space forbids me to quote from Mr Gregg ' a letter to Mr Edwin Cbadwiok . I must , however , bring this subject directly home to the middle classes , the shopkeepers , aad other tradesmen' of Bradford , who , through Mr William Rand , are the present complainants . In spite of every caution from the working classes , they resolved that they wonld hare that great' boon te the labourers , ' the new Poor Law , immigration and all !
On the day when the first meeting of the new Poor Law guardians was fixed , such was the hatred of the working classes to that' most infamous' Aot of Parliament , that a very serious riot was expeoted ; the town of Bradford , it was dreaded , would be besieged by 40 , 009 dissatisfied workmen . Te meet this vast army of malcontents , « the middle classes , the shopkeepers , and other tradesmen' of Bradford enrolled themselves as special constables , and caused the magistrates to send for an army of soldiers , with a general and his staff to command . Troops ef all grades-foot , horse , and artillery-were despatched to Bradford , by forced marches , from IU' 1 , York , Leeds , Manchester , Bajrnsley , « fco „ not to defend the antho . rityoftho Crown and tha Constitution , but to force the working olaaiea to an unwilling allegiance to three new Kings !
Never shall I forget that day . The centre of this vastarmy occupied the town of Bradford—the advanced posts were at Wiksey Bank Fort-the left wing wai stationed at Stanningley-the right was posted on Great Horton , with the army of reserve resting on Keighley . Of course , there was no fight . ' . Tbe middle classes , the shopkeepers , and the tradesmen , ' prevailed . They saddled the working classes with the immigrants , and themselves with the poor-rates . Thus succeeding in' equalising '—reduoing wages—driving thousands to pauperism , and now they complain that they have ' to pay for their own whistle . ' There was , at that time , in Bradferd , a man of God—Hit ambassador—the shepherd of Ilia flock . That man wonld have hindered the advance of the
devouring wolf ! He was always on the watch towerwarning his flook of their danger—he was 'instant in season and out of season '—but him , those ' middle classes , shopkeepers , and other tradesmen , ' would not hear ! No , they resolved to' make Bradford too hot for him . ' They did to . The Reverend George Stringer Ball was driven away from Bradford because he was the friend of tbe poor ! Let it not be thought strange that God has avenged the contempt and hatred thus shown to his moat true and holy word . I am , fellow countrymen , Your faithful friend , Richard Oashbr , * Fulham . Middlesex .
The Organisation Of Labour, The Minda Of...
THE ORGANISATION OF LABOUR , The minda of thinking men throughout Europe and America , are now directed to the solution of the important problem of the Organisation of Labour ; and the amonnt of study and discussion devoted to it will constantly increase , as the nations of Europe became possessed of political power , until it becomes the paramount question ol the age . I stated in a former communication on this subject , that the industrial organisation whioh is now required—and which should be the first question agitated by the working classes of this country , when they have obtained the franchise—should be such as would secure to the sons and daughters of labour , all that labour produces , without requiring for its actualisation
the adoption of the unitary mansion—the common family , and the communisation of labour and property — those grand theories for whioh society is not yet prepared . The restriction of the hours ef labour to eight per day , and the employment of the able-bodied poor in spade husbandry , as is done in Holland , are propositions whioh , as approximations to a more just system than at present prevails , deserve the support of every friend of labour . But their adoption would be inadequate te the extent of the evil to be removed , and the plan which I shall proooee in thiaartie ' e for the organisation of the induftrial arm y of this country , would obviate the necessity of the first measure by abolishing the existing relations of employer and employed ; and render the second unnecessary , by securing to every one willing to avail himself of tbe advantages of tbe s y stem , tbe full value and benefit ef his labour .
In proposing a plan of industrial organisation , which shall attain such a desirable consummation without interfering with private property , individual labour , and familiar isolation , a direction is given to the future aims of the democratic party , which most have for their object something more than the mere employment of the people as the serfs of capital . The various plans propoted for employing the people and ameliorating their condition , are all inadequate to the purpose , or applicable only to a section of the people . That which I shall propose , on the contrary , while it presents advantages unattainable by any other plan , is as applicable to one section of the working community as to another . It comprehends an improved aspect ^ of the small farm system , co-operative manufactories , and associations of artisans ; it also combines with the two former , the advantaces of co operative stores .
1 . —Agricultural Associations . —As these remarks will be read by most » f tbe sixty thousand members of the National Land Company , I need not expatiate upon the advantages derivable from such an institution by those whese industry is applied to the cultivation of the soil . But believing that no plan of social amelioration can be reduced to practice until the people are possessed of political power , my object is to suggest the means by whioh a government , based noon universal suffrage , might make the Small Farm Plan of Mr O'Connor , available as a branch of such an organisation of labour as is here proposed . This could be done by legislative enactments to legalise the ballot , ( unless the rapidity ef location enabled the directors to locate the members by
rotation , ) and to confer upon the company the power now given to railway companies of appropriating for its purpose such lands as might be deemed eligible upon paying the proprietor the fair value thereof . In order to expedite the location , so that the hopes of the members might be realised as speedily as possible , a bill should also be obtained for granting loans of money te the company , and leases of the Crown lands . The loans should ba usued under the authority of a board appointed for that purpose , and should bear interest at the rate of four per oant . The lands should be leased in perpetuity to the company ' s trustees at a low rent , with a power of purchase at a stipulated price proportionate to the rent ; and this sum should be payable by instalments , such instalments to bear a given rate of interest , and to be deducted from the annual rent , until the whole of the
purohase-money was paid . The existing relations between the directors and the located members might be adhered to , with such , improvements as the experience of the future may suggest . The allottees would find it greatly to their advantage to carry the co-operative principle into all their dealings , and particularly in the joint purchase of coals , grocery , & c , by whioh the expenses of management consequent upon the co-operative store system would be avoided . All expensive machinery and implements might likewise be the common property of all the allottees upon each estate . In the conrse of time , at experience teaches the allottees the increased benefits to be derived from the communieation of their labour , and aa improved mental and moral culture draws closer the bonds of fraternity , these co-operative villages will become the agricultural communities of the future social commonwealth .
2 . —Manufacturing Associations , —There can be no reason demonstrated why the co operative principle should not be applied to manufactures , and in fact to every department ot mechanical industry , as well as to agriculture . Mr Kydd took a prospective glance in the rinhtdireoticn , when he said that co-operation could bai ' . d manufactories and workshops , as well as it purchases land and erects cottages . It is indeed only by this application of the co-operative principle that machinery oan be made beneficial to the labouring classes , by becoming their servant instead of their destroyer . Manufactures would then be conducted by labouring capitalists for the mutual benefit of all concerned , and not by monopolising capitalists holding the labourers in as veritable a state of serfdom ,
as ever existed in the days of Norman feudalism . The same means which have brought into existence the National Land Company , and enabled it to purchase land and erect cottages thereon , would suffice for the establishment of manufacturing as ? ociatiosa . Much less laud would be required for these , but the cost of the factory buildings and machinery , would probably make tbe shares of equal value with those in the Land . Company . The same powers should be given to the Company of manufacturing industrials , as I have propased for tho National Land Companyboth as to the Ballot and the power of purchasing eligible premises already erected , and the grant of money from the national treasury for the purpose . In this respect the white slaves of Britain may take a lesson from tbe emancipated negroes ol Demerara ,
who , by means of clubbing the savings of their slender wages , hare purchased a number of ettates in that colony , whioh the English proprietors deolared ; themselves unable to cultivate with profit without elave labour . On most of these estatas the negro cultivators have communised their labour and produce , thus ahowinp . themselves to be in advance of the proletarians of Europe . The proposed plan of manufacturing companies would combine such portions of the various systems of individualism , association , and Communism , as the present generation of workmen may be deemed prepared to adopt . The factory buildings and machinery should be held in common—the raw material would ba purchased by co-operation—and each man would labour individually for his own benefit . Ihe last , however , is a matter which might be well left to the membaiB : the shareholders of each factory adopt-
The Organisation Of Labour, The Minda Of...
iK ? f £ &* " * ! of d » t « l » ntwn s » might be most suitable to si gnature of the manufacture and the aggregate opstnen of the members . In Bome . per . ™ . L „^ u mt . tm , d divid 8 themselves into groups or « asta » far the greater convenience both of production and distribution ; and in othersthey would labour in commpn , and hold the produce individually , the profits being shared either equally or aocording to the /«* of Charles Fourier , as the nature of the manufacture made one or the other mostpraoticablo and just . Each cottage shouldtew attached to it a plot of ground suffioient to produce 1 % "SflT r f r he n '" y throughout theyear , IffiH S . at , on ° ? "a ™ garden plots would attord a pleasing variety of employment to the
The manufacturing system of the present day reduces the labourer to a machine—makes thousands of human beings the virtual Blares ofmill-owners-consigas other thousands to destitution and mendicancy and yet overstocks allthe markets of the world . The new system here proposed , on tbe contrary , would nmte the labourer and the capitalist in the same person—would afford the workerej leisure and means for intellectual improvement—wonld restore woman to her proper social position , and children to home and childhood ' s artless joys ; production would be regulated by the actual demand , and exports would ooBsiet only of the surplus remaining after the home demand had been fully supplied Instead of the squalor , misery , and discontent of our manufacturing towns , these co-operative faotories would present pictures of competence , happiness , and contentment .
8 . —^ uoetationt of Artisans . —In these I propose to provide for those departments of industry not comprehended in the plans of the agricultural and manufacturing associations . Justice requiring for lahour such an organisation as will assure everyone willing to avail himself of its advantages the full value of his labour , it is obvious that this oan only be done by the union and co-operation of workmen for lheir mutual advantage , instead of hiring their labour to a master . These associations could be best carried out looally , ' under the sanction and protection of an act of parliament , for I most suppose the entire people possessed of political influence before such changes can be practicable . In each town the workmen of each branch of mechanical and manual
industry would form these associations '; the building trades forming one , the clothing trade another , and ao on through every department . Contracts and jobs could be as easily undertaken by these associations of working men at by masters , and with advantage to both the public and tke men in onion . The suggestions given in reference to tbe manufacturing associations , as to cooperation in the purchase of materials , mode of verking , acd division of profits , will apply with equal force to these associations . Some modification of Fourier ' s plan would probably be adopted in most cases , acd under the arrangements
here proposed , would give to ali a share of comfort and prosperity now enjoyed by comparatively few . Positive equality of remuneration , however , can only be attained by Communism ; but that grand ideal o ! society must be reserved tor some future generation . It may be objected that these associations would not be countenanced by the noa-produoing classes ; but to this I reply , firstly , that patronage would flow to them on account of the advantages which they would be enabled by co-operation to offer to tbe public ; and secondly , that when the prosperity of tbe working classes is secured through these associations , thepatronage of the non-producers will be a matter of
no consequence . While olass legislation prevails , every attempt of the wotking classes to ameliorate their condition will be vain , or its utmost success will only show a miniature ot the picture which will be presented when they obtain their political rights , and know how to use them . I trust that this consideration , and my humble endeavour to demonstrate what may be done by the working classes when tbey have their affairs in their own hand ? , will inspire them with resolution to commence another campaign of the war of right agaiast might , by renewing the agitation for the People ' s Charter . Croydon Common . T . Fbost .
The Royal Colobseuif . To Attempt A Desc...
THE ROYAL COLOBSEUif . To attempt a description of this amphitheatre of art and bsauty , wonld be indeed a task . The multiplicity of obj- cts , their conception and execution—each of which demands more than a formal notice—would be a work of study and labeur beyond our power end means . We must therefore invite our readers to go and »« o for themselves , and rest contented with a few general remarks by way of Introduction to their visit . Tbe museum of scu ' pture contains statues of the most celebrated men of ancient and modern times , also historical scenes of Interest—among whioh may bs observed ' Canute rebuking bis flatterers . ' The figures in this group are assented with effect , and are a credit to tha artist , R . C . Lucas . They are worthy tbe attention of the King of Prussia , and other monarch * who vainly attempt to stem the ungovernable tide of huaan progression ; and . if widely studied by kings generally would save their subjects the shedding of much blood , and themselves a few heads , ' The Houseless
Wanderer , ' by J . B . Falley , a single figure , must cause the most careless of admirers to r < fl ct on the outer world . ' The Shepherd Boy' by Tborsnalsden ; ' Study of a Child , ' by Lagrew ; ' The Flower Girl ; ' and a hundred others we could name , are works of grnius , and indicate the true expression of nature . If art be nature in mlalstura , this hall of sculpture is a world worthy of Its creators . In the list of great names represented in figures , we have the truly great—without distinction ef creed or party—from Chaucer , the rich aad quaint old father of English peetry ; Bacon the great inductor of the world ' s philosophy , down to Sir Walter Scott , the novelist and poet of tbe nertb ; Benjamin D'Israeli , famed amtdit 'the curiosities of literature ;* whilst two fine figures of' Conrad and Medora , ' conceived from Byron ' s tale of tho ' Corsair , ' adm < nister a silent , but sever * reproof to that spirit of intolerant bigotry , that prevents bis famed statue finding Ita proper place among th * monuments of the ' mighty dead' in West , minster Abbey .
The Swiss cottage , so eminently simple , and forming so marked a contrast with the Gothic aviary and extensive promenade , will always be interesting to visitors of tast j , As we look on its spacious hearth and simple walls , and see tbe apparently simple cottage girl plying needle and thread right busily , we think at ones of tbe Indus , trious citizens ef the Swiss cantons , whilst adjoining rolls the tumbling eataraot over rock and promontory , jrad the troubled waters setm to rest in the still gulf below . We have visited most of tho glens and dens of Scotland , and unhesitatingly prononcce this attempt to imitate mountain scenery , at oaco picturesque and complete . The panoramic view of the sunny City of Paris , wltb its fine walks , extended landse > pe , graceful monuments , splendid fountains , sparkling rmr , gay shops , end lumbering cabs , baa been criticised by tbe most intelligent foreigners In this metropolis ; and , as a work of art , they pronounce it umquallsd .
The whole arrangements of tho C losieum are excel , lent , tho music is well selected and executed ; and if wethe poprer sons of Adam—cannot afford to travel to kcenes far renowned from historical association , and classic grandeur and beauty , we can feast oa the rich fruits gathered from varied sources , and brought wltbia the reach of the citizens and visitors of smoky London . To all who wish to leave tbs fil ; h and tnrmoll of tbe crowd , the din and craft of the street , the bustle and mammon gathering of the shop , and seek for enjoyment and relief amorg the beautiful in nature , and the select In art , and feel once more a man , we say , ' G o and see the Colosseum ;' its recks aud flowers , mountains and Indescribable caverns , its sculpture and paintings , its promenades aad panorama , its music and cottage , will repay you fer time and money a hundred-fold .
Poittkchnic Institution.-On Monday Some ...
Poittkchnic Institution .-On Monday some ex . periments on steam propellers were exhibited in the presence ef the Earl of Auckland , and several officers connected with the steam branch of the naval service . The object in view was to test the powers of a new application oi the screw . The novelty consists in placing a propeller under each quarter , and not as now , immediately before the rudder . Experience as as well as theory have demonstrated that when the screw propeller is placed at the stem of the vessel it works at a -very grsat disadvantage . The vessel which IS propelled by it displaces the whole body of water through whioh it moves , and consequently the screw has little or no resisting medium to work upon , for the water has not had time to rush into the vacuum created by the passage of the vessel so aa to
offer any resistance , and moreover the current flows with the ship , and not in a contrary direction , so that under these two conditions tke rate achieved by the screw propeller , as now applied , can never reach the maximum speed whioh paddle-wheel steamers have attained . The objections to paddle-wheejs are too Well known to require detail here . Captain Carpenter , the inventor ot this new application of propelling power , is a practical seaman , having served many years in the navy , five of which he was in command of the Geyser steamer , in the Mediterranean Reet . The experiments gave great satisfaction to the Admiralty authorities present , and particularly elicited the approbation of Mr Loydd , Mr Edie , and Captain EDice , all of whom are practically conaeoted with the ateam department of the service .
Fibb . —On Saturday morning , between six and seven a fire broke out in Mark ' s Auction Mart , situate in Oxford Street , within a few doors of the Regent Circus . The flames , when first pe'eeived were raging in a long range of warehouses at the rear of the dwelling , and so strong a hold had they obtained , that it soon became apparent these premises would be consumed . Engines quickly arrived . ; not a moment was lost in setting them to work , and by perseverance the firemen at length succeeded in getting the mattery of the fhmea , but not before Mr Maik's warehouses and stores were totarty consumed , the front premises very expensively damaged , and buildings belonging to several other parties more or less injured by fire , water , and removal . A wheat stack that was built fourteen years since is sow standing at Lanehesteri in Putnam ,
Wmthr T
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It Is Said That An Immen Se Number Of Co...
It is said that an immen se number of counter * feit fourpenny pieces are in circulation in London . The total number of sheep in New S ^ uth Wales in 1847 , exceeded 10 000 , 000 . , .. Tbmprrahcb Maxim—The man who pledges bis health too often will soon be left with nothing else to pledge . Chlobovorm . —An inhabitant of Preston has dtfloorered that chloroform prevents or retards the noxi ' ons action of certain kinds of poison . Mr R . O'Gormsh . —The Paris correspondent of the Fbbiuan states that this gentleman got on board a vessel bound for Algiers , where he lately arrived , and it now on bis way to Paris . A Nbw Wobk —Mr Whiteside , Q . C ., who defended Mr Smith O'Brien , is the author of the work now making a great sensation in the litenry world , entitled ' Italy in the Nineteenth Century . '
A Climax . —An editor out west , wishing to give some faint idea of a contemporary ' s meanness , says that his soul is so small that it might canoe a hornpipe in a musquito ' s watch fob . Bath Sraisos . —Carbsnio acid gas , whioh is emitted from the mineral springs in the city ef Bath , is , in the opinion of eminent medical men , an absolute protection from cholera . Tub Gaol vbbsbs the Bastilb . —The cost of each prisoner in the county gaol of Car . isle , is stated to be 6 ) , 6 J . per week ; tbe weekly cost of paupers in the samoloca'ity only 21 . 6 d . The Ehliohiehsd Middle Class . —At the Rutland quarter sessions last week , the foreman of the grand jury handed in a bill thus eruditely eadorsed : — ' Know bill on the first count ; a true bill on tha last count . '
It is said that the consumption of porter and ale ia Glasgow is this year only about one . half of the quantity consumed in 2848 . The total number of horned cattle annually sent to England , horn Dumfriesshire , Kircudbrightshire , and Wigtonshire , is estimated to amount to 30 , 000 . CoMunBRTjM—Why isapawnbrokerlike the Devil ? Because he claims the unredeemed . Dbaj , Dean , and B 11 . 1 D . —In the four northern English counties—Durham , Northumberland , Cumberland , and Weimoreland—there are no fewer than 550 deaf and dumb , and 600 Wind persons . Old Coins . —A labourer , a few days ago , found in the Perry Wood , Krnt , about five pounds weight of silver coins of Henry VIII . and Edward VI . They bad been concealed in a crook just below the surface , and it is supposed that the late heavy rains had washed tbe earth from them .
A Civil Actios . —A woman had a man arraigned for coming into her bouse , and putting her in fear of some outrage . ' Besides , ' said she , ' he called me out of my name . ' ' But that ' s a civil action , madam , ' said the counsel for the defendant . ' No ! it is not * civil action ! ' cried the indignant lady ; ' and nobody but a lawyer would say sol ' AII wt . —An American editor thus logically nudges his delinquent subscribers— ' We don ' t want money desperately bad , but our creditors do ; and no doubt they owe you . If you pay us , w / ll pay them , and they'll pay you . '
A fine stormy petrel , or' Mother Carey ' s chicken / was found a few days since at Sacriston , near Durham , whither it had probably been driven by a storm , as those birds are very seldom seen inland , and it appeared completely rahauited by a long fli ght . Railway Calls . —The calls on all classes of railway shares , including Eo-lish , Irish and continental , amount , for the month of November , to £ 1 , 175 362 , being £ 867 , 356 less than the correspond , ing month of last year , when there were £ 2 , 042 , 718 . The Manshester , Sbtffield , and Lincolnshire alone , whese works are proceeding vigorously , calls up X 300 . 000 ofthissum .
According to the Kglmsciie Zeiiu » o , the total population of the Austrian empire ia 37 , 060 , 000 , thus divided—Sdavenians , 17 . 033 , 000 ; Germans , 7 . 285 . 000 ; Italians , 5 . 183 . 000 ; Magyars . 4 800 000 ; Wallachians , 2 , 156 , 000 ; Jews , 475 . 000 ; and Gipsye ; 128 , 000 . # In the list of grand jury , whose names were called over for the purpose of serving at the late Middlesex sesBwms , was that of Mr Macready , who , however , stood excused upon the Deputy Cierk of the Peace expressing a belief that he was now upon a professional tour in the United States .
A New Rbmbdt fob Cholbba . —The Belgian papersspeak of a sew remedy for the cholera having been discovered hy a young physician , employed in the hospital at Berlin , where its effects , it is said , have been astonishing . The agent employed is tha tricolours of c _ arbon ; andM . ^ Dumas , the celebrated French chemist , is mentioned as being engaged in investigating its effects . Tanacre , a Neapolitan physican , sta . es that the human body oan be rendered insensible to fire by the following embrocation : —One ounce and a half of alum , dissolved in font ounces ot hot water ; to this } must be added one ounce of glue , and half of an ounce of gum arable .
A Yawkbe . —You can always tell a Yankee by the jack knife in his hand , or the cigar in his mouth . The Yankees are ourions characters . To-day they are swapping horse * , snd to-morrow building railroads ; this hour in the gutter , and the next seated in a palace . Their energy knows no bounds . This month you may find a Yankee on tbe waters of the Ponobscot , heart and soul engaged in the Jogging business ; and a quarter of a year hence you will hear of him navigating tha Ohio . Let a year pass , aad you may learn of him at . Constantinople . How so pat Reht is Tippbr « bt . —On tbe night of the 3 rd instant twenty men assembled on the lands of Knokinglass , near Toomavara , and carried away twenty-seven bags of oats and a stack of wheat , under seizure of rent due to Henry Cole Browen , Esq , The keeper on the property was locked up whilst s number of horaea and cars were engaged in removing the corn .
Emigration op Capital and Thdijst & y —Within the last twenty-three years 1 , 737 597 persons have emigrated from the British dominions ; 480 , 009 within the hst three years . During ths last year 142 154 persons enrgrated to the United States , and 109 , 688 to the North American colonies . Au ex-Member of Parliament a protestant clergyman , and a physician , head a colony of Wexford farmers ; who embark this month for Texas , to locate there as settler * . They carry with tbera £ 50 , 000 in specie .
Cohsumptioh fF Opicm is EfonsD . —According to commercial statements it appears that the quantity of opium imported into this country is on the inorMse . Take tha month of May , for Inelanco . Ia 1847 , during this month , 3 093 pounds were admitted , whilst during the same month of tbe present year the quantity amounted to 7 , 029 pounds . We trust that the progress made among the lower classes in habits of temperance , in a great ceasure owing to the valuable abstinence societies , ix not counterbalano . d by aninoteisainthenumber of pewonsaddicted to that worst of vices , orium-eating . This matter deserves invaatiaation . —Medical Times .
The ' Golden Aos' Illusion . —The Illusion ofa past golden age is one of the greatest hinderancea to the approach of _ the golden age that should come . If tbe golden age is past it was not genuine . Geld cannot tust nor decay ; it comes out of all admixtures and decompositions pure and indestructible . It the golden age will not endure it had better never arise , for it can produce nothing but elegies on its loss . - * ( A . W . v . Soalegei . ) Hints to Lovsna or Flowers . —A most beautiful acd easily attained show of evergreen may be had by
a very simple plan , which hss been found to answer remarkably well on a email scale . If geranium branches taken from luxuriant and healthy trees just before the winter sets in ba cut as for slips and immersed in soap-water , they will , siter drooping for a few days , shed tfeoir leaves , pnt forth fresh ones , and continue in the finest vigour all winter . By placing a number of bottles thus filled ia a fbwer basket , with moss to conceal the bottles , a show of evergreens ia easily insured for the whole season . They require no fresh water .
A . Cuaions Fact is Bvjttkb Makdg —According to Professor Johnstone , the time and frequency of milking bavo a great influence on tho acaount of butter yielded by milk . If a cow be only milked or-ce a day , he says , the milk will yield only a seventh part mere butter than an equal quantity of that which ia obtained by two rmlkinga a day . When the milk ia drawn three times a day , it is more abundant , but still leas rich . It has also been remarked thac tha morning ' s milk is of better quality than that obtained in the evening .
Important to Pcblicans —A point of much im « pnrtanceto publicans was lately decided at the London Sessions , with regsrd to' Derby sweeps . ' It appears that Sir Peter Laurie and Alderman Wilson had convicted the proprietor of a pub . ic * house of having acted against the terms of his license , and contrary to the provisions of an act of jarliament , ia permitting a lottery called a ' Derby sweep , ' to be played and drawn by lot in his housa . An appeal was argued at the London Session ? , f or tbe purpose of bavin ? this important question legally decided , when the Recorder confirmed the conviction of the magistrates , and intimated it would be dangerous for licensed victuallers to continue lotteries of this kind in their houses , as the magistrates would mquestionabiystop tha licenses if thete wasacy violation , at' the law .
Sheep Formed by a Horse . —On the 25 ; h of October , a young horse , cat at grass , belonging to Mr Ashbutner , Pennington , near Ulverstoa , was discovered making a furious aUack on a sheep . It Eeiaed the sheep with its teeth and tossed it a considerable height three or four times , then kaeelin ^ Upon it Worried aud tore with the Ferocity of ' ij . bull , , dot ' . Tho sheep , a large fat one of twenty pounds per quarter , when , with difficulty , rescued from the savage attack of the horte , was not quite dead , but so mangled acd torn that it was killed immediately , there being no hopes whatever oS its , recovery . About a fortnight before a sheep was dip wvertd in the eame field wo ) eed to death in afrifcatwl rcsume ^ and three tihfw vt ry muoh mangled , » ad there Uaa doabl this was ihe woik of the sasM i \ or «> ,
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Nov. 18, 1848, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_18111848/page/3/
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