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April 19, 1851, THE NORTHERN STAR 7
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EXECUTION OF LEVI HARWOOD AXD SAMUEL JOS...
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*»ciETt is about to be formed in Paris u...
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T ^nrl?? CIATI0X *OR PR OMOTING THE LEDG...
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CO-OPERATION. TO THE DRESSERS, DYERS, AN...
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Gekeral Posr-OEFicE.—The extended adopti...
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THE LABOUR QUESTION..l A ,h ° W i e . , ...
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THE TRUCK SYSTEM. k correspondent says:-...
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imperial ftovltanmrt.
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MONDAY, Aphil 14. HOUSE OF LORDS.—Lord B...
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Revolt I.V A Workhouse. —Sarah Ttuv ^ „ ...
jeffl the Larger . On the day of the robbery he had been down to Romford with the prisoner , and about nine at night they were in the Alile-end Road , and another bar , named Tmi Cassidy , was with them , Thev wee cbse to the prosecutrix , aud tbe prisoner Slid , " On to her ; she has got it . " Tim picked her packet , and tbey then started off , and prisoner snatched the purse outof bis hand , and told them to come round to his house . They did so , aud then went to a c & fff e shop , where he gave them £ 2 each as their flbara . He then made them go to a public house in Keate--treet , where they had to spend tea shillings each . He made this statement to Kelly , the sergeant —Joseph Williams , another boy , said , he had known the prisoner for some time , and used to go out with him . The prisoner told him he had b * en out with Green and made £ 58 . Witness told him there was a reward of £ 10 . He said he should go down in the country till it w « 3 blown over . -The jury found him
Umlty .-sergeant Conway , of the V division , said , the prisoner was areturned transport , and produced therecordoftwo previousconvictions . -Itwasprored the prisoner had returned to his old h * unta abontten weds ago , and was a regular trainerofyoung thieves . -Mr . £ < n » e ? and , there could be no doubt but that he had used these boys to pick polets , while he was near to take tbe plunder . Sentence-fifteen years ' transportation . The Common Sergeant satin the New Court , and disposed of a few triaiug cases , which , with a few more important ones that followed the last mentioned , concluded the business < f the session , and tbe courts stand adjourned until Monday the 12 th of ¦ May .
April 19, 1851, The Northern Star 7
April 19 , 1851 , THE NORTHERN STAR 7
Execution Of Levi Harwood Axd Samuel Jos...
EXECUTION OF LEVI HARWOOD AXD SAMUEL JOSES . On Tuesday the two men who were convicted at the last assizes at Kingston of being connected with ihebnrglarijrat Frimley parsonage , and tbe murder of the Rav . George Holiest , its occupant , suffered death infrontof Horsemongor-IanegaoL As on all such occasions , crowds assembled at an early hour in the morning , and at tbe time when tbe men appeared on the scaffold it is calculated that there were between 7 , 000 and 8 , 000 persons present , but , scattered over the immense space which feces the gaol , the number of persons appeared Tery insignificant . At eight o ' clock was heard the first tolling of the bell from within the walls of tbe prison , and after the usual services in the chapel
preliminary arrangements were made for conducting the condemned men to the scaffold . Harwood and Jones were taken into the yard , where they were pinioned by Caicraft ; , the hangman , and afterwards reconreyed to the chapel , where they remained until a few minutes before nine o ' clock , when Mr . Keane , the governor of the gaol , announced to the authorities that tbe time appointed for the execution had arrived . Levi Harwood received tbe information with apparently stoical indifference , or rather with the habitual suUenness -which has characterised his movements since the day of his apprehension . Samuel Jones , who bad been much depressed since the sentence of death was passed upon him , trembled from head to foot , and was evidently engaged in earnest prayer . He
was extremely feeble , and could hardly stand . From the chapel the procession moved to the scaffold . On arriving there Levi Harwood walked up with a firm step . Caicraft placed him under the beam , and drew the white cap over his face . Then , for the first time , his apparent courage forsook him . He trembled violently , aud raised Ms pinioned hands as if in prayer . A short interval elapsed before Jones was placed by his side . fie trod the scafftld with feeble and tottering steps , and would hare been unable to maintain hie ground bad it not been for the assistance which Hie officials rendered him . The two men were
placed close together , and Jones stretched forth his hands to Harwood , who grasped them and gave him a final farewell . Meanwhile the cap was drawn over Jones ' s lace , and they were left by themselves upon the scaffold . Once more they shook hands , and evidently spoke to each Other . Caicraft proceeded to the windlass by means of which the fastenings of thescafiold are unloosed , and in a few moments the drop fell . Both men seemed to die an unusually violent death . They remained suspended for an hour , when according tocustom , the bodies were taken down preparatory to being buried within the precincts of tbe gaol . The crowd then gradually dispersed .
CONFESSION OP THE MURDERERS . It is satisfactory to learn from the Bev . W . S . Howe , the chaplain , that the murderers had made a fall confession of their guilt . The rev . gentleman made the following statement : —Between ten aud eleven o ' clock on Monday night I went to take instructions of the convicts as to the subject matter of the letters which they had previously promised to write to their relatives ; and on asking the prisoner Burbridge ( or Jones ) as to what he would wish to have said to his relatives , he said he wished to speak to me before I hejan tha letter , and I said I was ready to hear what he had to say ; and he requested that the governor might be sent for . When he came the prisoner proceeded to make the
following confession : — " There were in the room at the time of the murder , Smith , myself , and Levi Harwood . I held Mrs . Holiest round the waist . I hid a pistol in my hand , and might have shot ber , but never intended to do it . Levi Harwood was the man that rushed at Mr . Holiest . I believe tbat 3 fr . Holiest was stooping to pick up the poker , and Levi Harwood was the man who fired the shot . " He said with emphasis , "I am certain of that . Smith and Levi Harwood both ran out of the room , leaving me the last person in it , I following as soon as I could get away from Mrs . Holiest . Then I immediately left the room , and overtook them just on tbe other side of the turnpike gate . All four , namely , Levi Harwood and Samuel ifarwood , Smith and myself , came ou together . After I had left
the premises and bad got into the main road , I heard the sound of fire-arms , as from the bouse of Mr . Holiest . The account given by Smith « f what took place in the room is quite true , and Mrs . Holiest is mistaken in swearing as to her belief that it was Levi Harwood who held her , as it was jne . Myself and Samuel Harwood parted from Smith and Lsri Harwood about four miles from Frimley , and came on together . Samuel Harwood made away with the pistols . " The confession then detailed the circumstances attending the apprehension of the burglars , as already known to the public . This confession was written oat , the prisoner Jones ( or Burbridge ) appexded his name , and it was duly attested by tbe Rev . W . S . Rowe , and
Mr . Xrane , the governor of the gaol . Upon this confession being made , Mr . Rowe at once communicated with the authorities . The governor and himself went to Levi Harwood and told him that Jones had made a full and free confession , and wished to know if he desired to say anything , telling him what his companion had said . They ioMhira that Jones had said be ( Harwood ) fired the pistol , and asked him-whether the statement was true or false . His answer was , " He may say what helikes , sir ; I have nothing to say . " Whereupon Mr . Howe , with all the energy and force he could command , pointed out to him the desirableness of stating the truth upon such a matter . He repeated the words , " Sir , I know nothing whatever about it . " Mr . Rowe then continued his
narrative as follows ;— « On Tuesday morning , a few minutes hefore eight o ' clock , Levi Harwood sent for tbe governor and said , « The truth has been Spoken by Smith . What was done was never intended to be done . ' He wasasked hy the governor , | loa mean the murder was not contemplated ?* Garwood ' s answer war , * Yes , that is what I pean . ' To that statement Harwood fixed his mark , Pad it was attested by Mr . Keane , the governor , pad M .-. w . Harris , the snrgeon , of the gaol . On Tuesday morning I ( Mr . Rowe ) was with tbe prisoners after six o ' clock ; read to them , prayed by pern , and tilked to them . They both appeared fery contrite , particularly Jones . He expressed a ppe that Harwood did not feel displeased at his ^» mg any confession . Harwood said , « 2 fot the seast—i forgive everybody . * The two men shook
'Buds . Both were in tears . " ^ Disposal op Hibau Smththe Ajt-boteb , —This toan . the associate in murder and burglary of the wo men executed on Tuesday morning , has been , ? u > ce the trial , confined among the prisoners for «» : ind , and through the new comers has gleaned F » orn : afion when they would undergo the sentence F ™ hv . On Monday night he was very restless P / hs bed , and several times exclaimed to his fel-P * prisoners , "I did not shoot him ; I hope they Fui confeSS , » ' He had heard tbat it was suspected F" « e was the man who shot Mr . Holiest , and was ut ^^ f great agitation . In the evening he r ^ riMted by the governor of the gaol , and some gui e authorities , when it was announced to him F ** iiarwood had confessed shooting the reverend piieinan , and asserted tbat his ( Smith's ) evidence E « au true , and tbat Mrs Holiest was mistaken .
e also told that Jones made the latter obser-Pon * few minutes prerions to leaving this world . Posoner seemed verv much relieved atreceife " 1 , SIn f onrtatioiL lie hoped after that tbe goarj « ouW Pardon Mm and give him there-«< j <> Sered . So allusion was made to the latter nuie authorities , and the prisoner was left to his Ration among his fellow prisoners . He will , itil ? if' ^ detained in Horsemonger-lane gaol , rat ™ * ** Snmmer Assizes , when he will be u £ Jm ° " the coroner ' s inquisition , but it is odpnif - the government will not offer any weoee against him respecting the Frimley tra-P * J- He will then be tried for a burglary at » l ~^>» the sam » county , as sufficient evidence Lr" j * adduced to prove hisconnexion with a bwrn ! i T * * tDere > In company with Samuel p wooa and the parties who were executed .
*»Ciett Is About To Be Formed In Paris U...
*» ciETt is about to be formed in Paris under patronage of the Archbishop , the object of trJV ^ PPly bread to the poorer classes at my-nxe per cent , under the regular price .
T ^Nrl?? Ciati0x *Or Pr Omoting The Ledg...
T ^ nrl ?? CIATI 0 X * OR PR OMOTING THE LEDGE THE TAXES 0 X O 0 W-
TO THE PEOPLE OF THE T 3 S 1 TED HIXGDOM . ¦ C Elxow Cousirymes , —For many years past the necessity of popular education , and the difficulty of agreeing on any system that should be satisfactory to tbe country , hare formed the theme of all reformers , philanthropists , and statesmen . But , though it is difficult to organise a national mode oi doing any good work , it is comparatively easy to remove the hindrances which exist in the shape of restrictive laws . Years must elapse before all our population can receive a good and systematic instruction ; hut a few months may suffice to abolish the laws which forbid the cheap newspaper to circulate among the poor , which hinder the communication of mutual wants , and which force the best authors out of tke field of cheap and popular literature .
The taxes on knowledge consist of The duty on foreign books , which , £ s . d . in tbe year 1849 , produced ... 7 , 751 o o The duty on paper 867 , 120 11 71 The duty on advertisements ... 158 , 164 16 0 Tbe penny stamp on newspapers ... £ 350 , 289 9 s . 4 d . Deduct ... 0 , 109 2 3 for expense of stamping and say ... 194 , 120 7 1 for that of tbe Post-office ... 150 , 000 0 0 £ 1 , 183 , 036 7 H Deduct government grant for education , which in 1850 was—For Great Britain £ 125 , 000 For Ireland ... 125 , 000 ¦ .. 250 , 000 0 0 £ 933 , 036 7 1 i The duty on foreign books in foreign languages is so manifest an absurdity , and produces such a trumpery amount to the revenue , that we may dismiss it without further comment . The doty on advertisements not only enhances the price of every book , but is a revenue destroyer , not a revenue producer : a much greater amount than £ 158 , 164 must be lost to the revenue by the injury caused to trade from a want of such means of communication . Thousands misemploy their time from mere ignorance of tbe wants of others ; the repeal of the advertisement duty would tend to correct this evil . There is some reason for be-Bering that the duty is retained in order to cripple the newspaper press ; advertisements are permitted in railways and omnibuses , and no attempt has been
made to alter tbe law in their behalf ; nay , the law , as it stands , requires the duty to be paid ou advertisements in every literary work , bat , by the laxity of the Board of Inland Revenue , the advertisements in books are allowed to go free ; indeed , it would almost appear that there is no crime looked upon with such an evil eye by the government as that of retailing news , for every possible hindrance is thrown in its way . Some idea of the effect of the paper duty may be arrived at by considering the fact that Charles Knight paid £ 16 , 500 to the excise on the Fenny Cychpozdio ,, the cost of which for literature and engravings , exclusive of paper and printing , was £ 42 , 000 . In his Struggles of a Booh against Excessive Taxation , Mr . Knight says : —
Upon a tolerably accurate calculation I have , from my own unaided resources , expended , during the last twenty years , £ 80 , 000 upon copyright and editorial labour . During the same period I have paid £ 5 & , oai ) paper duty , And again : — A revolution has been effected , in which sound literature might have higher encouragement in the many than in the few , if the government did not stand in the way . The duty paid on the paper , lid . per pound , would be enough in a publication of large circulation to remunerate the very highest talent , If the paper duty tends to substitute mischievous worKs of fiction instead of wholesome instruction , the penny stamp is still more potent , for it absolutely prohibits a cheap record of facts , and throws
insurmountable obstacles in the way of a communication of ideas between different classes of the community . Let any one who reads these pages ask himself what he knows of the opinions and feelings of the agricultural labouring population ? "We guess at them occasionally by the light of burning hayricks , or by the assistance of pauper riots . We may particularly instance tbe Rebecca insurrection in Wales , which would never have taken place if the aggrieved parties had had any easier and cheaper method of making known to government a grievance which was not more remarkable for its oppressiveness than for the ease with which it could be remedied . We have no admiration for the literary qualities of the rural American press , but we
believe that it saves the government some millions annually in the shape of soldiers and police , prevents heartburnings and misunderstandings , which would otherwise involve rival districts in deadly feud , and keeps alive the power of reading among the working classes , so as to lead in time to that literary cultivation of which we make so much boast , but which in this country is confined to a few , and , by being thus made a class privilege , inflicts an additional pangupon those whose poverty excludes them from it . Above all other knowledge , we demand the free circulation of political knowledge . Millions of our countrymen have nothing to Ho with the laws but to obey tbem—they have no means of
learning the law but through the cheap newspaper , and yet so to teach them is a crime . It is a punishable offence to circulate without a stamp the proceedings in parliament or in the law courts . For many years discontent has raged among the working classes at their exclusion from political rights ; they are told they are too ignorant to be trusted with political power ; and yet the government not only refuses to educate them , but obstructs them in educating themselves . On the other side , the only objection raised by the government , or expressed in the House of Commons , is the want of revenue . That the paper duty is a source of revenue cannot be denied , but in tbe face of the present large surplus no argument can be deduced from this fact . The abolition of the advertisement duty would benefit the excise by increasing consumption ; and
as to the penny stamp , its net revenue is only about £ 150 , 000 , which might be made up by admitting not only newspapers but all printed papers to a cheap rate of postage . But there is another reason not only for demanding hut for expecting the repeal of the penny stamp . The Board of Inland-Revenue , whose motto appears to bo " anything for a quiet life . " have gradually allowed a practice to grow up of breaking the law . The Sewspaper Act declares tbat every copy of a newspaper shall be stamped ; the Post-office Act confers the boon of free postage on stamped newspapers , but not on mere publications ; it follows that every publication registered as a newspaper ought to stamp every copy . But the practice has grownup of allowing publications to register as newspapers , aud to stamp only their country edition .
The great object of this association is to make this practice general aud legal , and the most effective way of doing this is to demand that the existing biw be enforced . About ten months ago the board informed John Cassell , the proprietor of the FreclwUer , that his paper was a newspaper , both in virtue of its registration and of its contents , and that he must for the future stamp every copy . Mr . Cassell has never complied with the demand , and no proceedings have been taken against him . About nine months ago a similar notice was seat to the proprietors of Charles Dickens ' s Household Narrative , and legal proceedings are pending against that paper . The length of time to which these bave been protracted without coming to trial leads to the inference that government are not veryriocere in their prosecution , and that they have neither / j ibe grace to repeal the law nor the courage to enforce it ; An important exception must he made to this
remark ; the law is enforced very strictly in the country , wbere a . letter from the Board meets with that respectful obedience which is not one of the characteristics of London publishers . Mr . Hugh Jones , of Llangollen , was inthe habit of publishing fortnightly a penny paper , called Yr Ipsyr , of which he used to sell 2 , 300 copies . The Board obliged him to stamp it . He then brought it out monthly , at 3 d ., and the sale fell to 600 , which caused its discontinuance . Mr . Bncknnli , of Stroud , published a monthly paper , of which he sold 17 , 000 . He was obliged to stamp it , its sale was ruined , and the paper dropped . The most flagrant case which has come to onr knowledge is that of the Wakefield Examiner , which was threatened with a fine of £ 40 , 000 ( afterwards commuted to £ 10 ) for publishing slips—a practice quite common in London , and not interfered with by the Board , even when copies are forwarded by informers , with a VICW to
prosecution . We confidently appeal to the existing press for their support , not only on public grounds , but because , from having the advantage both of capital and of possession of the market , they would obtain tbe largest share of the newspaper trade , which would spring up on the abolition of the stamp . This has been already exemplified in the case ef the Times , which gained an increased ascendancy when the stamp was reduced in 1846 . No objection could be made to a reasonable newspaper copyright to protect tha high-priced journals from wholesale piracy , but , while piracy deserves suppression , free trade iu knowledge is as essential as free trade in corn ; and nothing can be more absurd and unjust than to prevent the pubUc from having as many journal * as they want , at as many different prices as may suit their convenience . Nor do we fear the promulgation ef violence or of immorality . The great mass of English readers are lovers of peace and quietness , aad as no man tolerates any
T ^Nrl?? Ciati0x *Or Pr Omoting The Ledg...
vice hut his own , a paper intended for general circulation can support no immorality that is not already universal . And , although seetional papers might indulge in violent language , hard words aro better than rough deeds . The aggrieved , who are able to pour out their c omplaints through the press , feel their wrongs , real or imaginary , already half redressed ; and the true statesman will never so well know how to govern , as when the people themselves tell him what they feel and desire . Bestir yourselves , then , to obtain the repeal of the taxes on knowledge ; let every borough , parish , paper-mill , printing-office , mechanics' institution , or political association , petition ; and above all ,
importune the Board of Inland Revenue with letters of complaint till they grant to the benighted districts of the country those privileges which their laziness or their timidity allows to the inhabitants of London . At the next general election , demand of every candidate that he support the repeal of the taxes on knowledge . Let no Legislature , no Minister of the Crown , no member of the Board of Inland Revenue rest till the press is exempted from taxation , and liberated from all control except that of a court of law . Signed by order of the Committee , and on their behalf , Richard Moobe , Chairman , 25 , Hart-street Bloomsbury ; C . Dobson Collet , Secretary , 15 , Essex-street , Strand .
Co-Operation. To The Dressers, Dyers, An...
CO-OPERATION . TO THE DRESSERS , DYERS , AND FINISHERS , OF . MANCHESTER , SALFORD , AND THEIR VICINITIES . Gentlemen , —It is necessary that we call your serious attention to the important subject of cooperation , which at the present time begins to form a principal feature in the progressive spirit of the age . Hitherto the great mass of the people have allowed the product of their industry to go into the hands of other parties , who have , to a very considerable extent , made use of the same to the disadvantage : of the producers ; in consequence of which , it has awakened in the minds of the more
intelligent of the working men some serious reflections which have led them to adopt tbe principle of co-operation , in order that they might get back in return a greater share of the products of their skill and industry . In France , in Germany , and in America , the principles of co-operation have been acted npon , and carried out to a surprising extent , and , with very few exceptions , they have been emineatly successful . From the success- which has attended these institutions in the above countries many of our fellow-countrymen have been influenced
to adopt similar principles , hence it is lhat we have now many co-operative societies in Englandespecially in London and the great manufacturing districts of Lancashire and Yorkshire—and it is a pleasing fact , that we are able to demonstrate that nearly , if not the whole of them , have been productive ^ grea t blessings in a social and physical point of view . This then being the case , how strong and powerful ought the inducements be to us to abandon the old and beaten track , in which we have too long walked , and which has been productive of so little good .
When we look to tbe trades of England , which are so numerous , and the men of which are so multitudinous and so industrious ; when we know tbat they have expended many millions of money in vexatious strikes , in order to resist the encroachments of capital upon their labour , we grieve to think tbat all tbese vast sums have been almost totally thrown away : —whereas bad tbe same amount been judiciously expended in the cultivation of the soil , or other co-operative purposes , the great hulk of tbe sons of industry would now have been iu an independent position . A great change is now , however , taking place . The working men , who have too long been compelled to submit to one
reduction after another , are now beginning to be alarmed , and , as a matter of self-defence , are uniting , in order to reap the fruits which they have sown . If then this be the fact , what is our duty ? Are we to remain apathetic , while the intelligent and energetic in other trades are in action ? Shall we remain indifferent spectators ? Shall we allow others to improve their social condition , aud not be stimulated to follow their example ? We have in the Bank £ 500 , which we can turn to a profitable account , and which is now producing a vary small amount of interest—not more than £ 12 10 s . per annum . If this £ 500 were turned over weekly at
ten per cent ,, it would realise in one year , £ 2 , 600 ; but it is very probable that if this £ 500 were judiciously expended in co-operative stores , that it would produce weekly fifteen per cent ., and this would realise amongst tbe members £ 3 , 900 . This is not a random calculation ; it is made on trne principles . Here then is a fact tbat ought to stimulate the most apathetic , and rouse tbe energy and activity of every member of our society . In adopting tbe principle Of co-operation , we have no intention of competing against the shopkeepers , by selling any article under tbe usual prices , but care will be taken that every article will be free from adulteration , and of the best possible quality .
In order to create confidence in every one of our members—without which we know that we cannot cany out our object successfully—it affords us much pleasure to state , that we have succeeded in obtaining three trustees , whose very names will inspire confidence and give general satisfaction . These three gentlemen are , Mr . Councillor Schofield , Mr . Councillor Hey wood , and tbe Rev . T . G . Lee . These gentlemen have , in the kindest manner , expressed their willingness to watch over the interests of tbe society that we contemplate , without requiring any emolument . No members of the trade will be permilted to hold any ofice . The managing directors and others , who will be employed , will have to give the most satisfactory security , The rules of the society will be drawn up with care .
The first store will , most probably , be opened in the locality of Ancoats ; when that shall have beeu in operatieo some time , and proved successful , others will be opened in such parts of Manchester and Salford , as the society may determine . In an undertaking , such as tbat which we have advocated , some opposition from a few may be apprehended ; but at the general meeting , which will be held to settle the great question of co-operation , every opportunity will be offered to those whose views may not be exactly iu accordance with ours . We doubt not tbat truth , reason , and sound argument will prevail ; that the few who may enter the meeting with feelings of diffidence will leave it with an altered mind , and will become advocates of the views aud principles that we wish to establish . We remain , gentlemen , very respectfully yours , The Committee .
John Teer , Sec . At a special general meeting of the Dressers , Dyers , and Finishers , held on the 10 th inst ., at the Carpenters' Hall , Manchester , to take into consideration the propriety of opening a co-operative storej & c , the following resolutions were passed : — Moved by Richard Cattervill , seconded by Thos . Wheelhouse— " That this ' meeting is of opinion that tbe system of co-operation is practicable and sound in principle , and may be made conducive to the moral , social , and physical improvement of those who adopt it . " ' . U-r ¦ : ¦
Moved by John Brown , seconded ^ by Joseph Johnson—• 'That Mr . John Teer be ' apvointed managing , director and secretary of the Dressers and Dyers ' co-operative store . " e , "f ^ . Moved by- 'Tftomas King , seconded by James Bradley—'' Thanh ^ Sum of £ 300 be withdrawn from tbe Bank , and plawft is the hands . ot Mr . R Baylay , the treasurer , and-that ; such sums be expended as will be deemed necessity for the co-operative store . " " ¦ - ^ -. Mr . Schofieldand the Rev . T . . G . 'tiii ; supported the resolutions . a }^ r ^ i The Dyers' union number 1 , 700 members . ' . \' . ~
Gekeral Posr-Oefice.—The Extended Adopti...
Gekeral Posr-OEFicE . —The extended adoption of street-door letter-boxes , as recommended in the notice to thepublic of May inl 849 ; has considerably promoted the rapieidelivery of letters . The Postmaster- General , in renewing this recommendation , takes occasion to advert to the increase of Postoffice duty which will arise out of tbe approaching ; Exhibition , and which will render it still more important that the postmen sbipddnotbeunneoesaariiy detained . Householders who have not already provided street-door letter-boxes are therefore reminded that it is peculiarly desirable that such provision be made hefore the 1 st of May .
Tms bridge between Lewiston , New York , and Queenstown , in Canada , near the falls of Niagara , was so far completed on the 4 th ultimo , that the engineer and a large number of people crossed io the American side , when , upon reaching terra firma , they were enthusiastically received by the spectators who had assembled . This bridge is the largest structure of the kind in America . Or thb million of French soldiers who have served in Algeria from 1831 to 1848 , 1 , 142 , 000 have passed through the hospital ; that is more than one man once a year in hospital . Of this million of men in the prime of life , whilst not more than 3 , 500 have died on the field of conflict 100 , 000 ban died ofiliom
The Labour Question..L A ,H ° W I E . , ...
THE LABOUR QUESTION . . l A , h ° W e ? eetin 8 *» held on Monday evening t Jif i < h InsUtu -ti ° n . Cowper-street , Cityrow , io near a lecture from Samuel Kydd upon the m n - ortant subject . Mr k LAV 0 BCE ws called to the chair . . " : . - who was much cheered , commenced I' ™'" 8 that the science ° * P ° » ticjl 1 economy was not a new science , although it was nit built t i * Present systemized shape until the lime of Adam Smith . p j M to toat time many miim nL 7 e Up 0 tt , his 8 ub J » including the French SCUOOl of encyclopajdiests and David Hume , in
our country , had greatly contributed to our knowledge ot it . Since the time of Adam Smith , whose ante services he admitted , the question of political economy was said to he a settled one , and tbe definite rights of capital and labour for ever adjusted . Was this so ? He denied It . Adam Smith aever boasted having attained to such a de-8 . eeof accuracy } he only professed to have contributed a cornerstone to the great edifice to be erected . Since 1794 , when the Wealth of Nations ' was first published , great external and internal changes had taken place in the relations of society ;
? q ^ i A- might ' witu 0 Ut presumption , in the year 1851 dispute many of the conclusions come to by the writer in 1794 . Adara SraUii professed that the ground work of his system was tbat a man tould not follow out his own interest without improving the interest of his fellow men . He ( Mr . Kydd ) disputed this proposition , and if he could refute it , he would be able to overthrow the whole system which was built upon this false foundation . Mr . Kydd then , by example , showed tbe fallacy of the proposition , that the interest of one man was the interest of all men , and showed that the error Adam Smith fell into , was in not distinguishing
between true self-interest and the self-interest which led to individual aggrandisement at the expense of the interests of humanity . If political economy was a settled science , how was it that Smith and Say were of opinion that home trade was preferable to foreign trade , whilst M'Culloch and Ricardo asserted that foreign trade was equally as profitable ? Men of talent had contributed to keep them in ignorance upon this question . They knew the errors on which the system was founded , but would not expose them because their interests were bound up with it . Political economy was not a science . It might one day be a science , but it was not so at present . Science admitted of no error and of no
change m principles . The new ' poor law was a natural result of this system of economy . Malthus and Archbishop Whately were only the natural disciples of Adam Smith . In contradistinction to the doctrines of these men , he enunciated the doctrine tbat the property of men was amenable to the poverty of men . That all men had a claim upon the land for their support ; that it was a right derivable from God and Nature , and that any system which was opposed to it was false . The lecturer then spoke highly of the ability of J . Stuart Mill , and showed , that on the question of the right of governmental interference , Mills directly contradicted Adam Smith . Cobden and the men of bis school
advocated the doctrines of Smith , but denied those of bis latest and ablest disciple , Mills . If the highest law of commerce was to buy in the cheapest aud sell in the dsarest market , let them fall down and worship Motes and Son , and Hyam and Son ; let them set metal men against men of life and blood ; but let them not wonder if convulsion after convulsion was the result of their system . He denied tbe truth of the doctrine—it was as false as it was injurious . The lecturer then commented upon the assertion of this school , that England was not fitted to be an agricultural country , and proved , not only from our past history , but from present statistics , tbat our wealth and grandeur depended mainly upon
our agricultural resources . The great evil of the present day was , that the people , instead of being taught to look to the land for their bread , were taught to put their energies against the energies of the low-fed population of the whole continent . The natural result of this system was the reduction of tbe labourer ' s wages to the continental level , and then lower and lower , until revolution was tbe certain conclusion . There was no escape from this fate . The whole jocial system was built in error . Tbe landlord and the manufacturer were made first partakers of tbe fruits of tbe earth , whereas the labourer should be the first to partake thereof . It was a fundamental law of nature that labour should be
wedded to plenty ; and it was only this false system of political economy that prevented its accomplishment . The lecturer then . went into the doctrines of free trade and its results , and demonstrated to the satisfaction of his audience , that free trade in labour , meant that all the labourers in the world Should be pitted against each other and ruined , for the benefit of the capitalists of the world . It was the same system which enabled the large capitalist to destroy the small capitalist—the millionare to overwhelm his less wealthy compeer . They were told that all men of liberal ideas were in favour of free trade doctrines . He denied it , and showed , from the example of America , France , and other nations , that it was not a fact . Liberty did not mean that man should die of cold and want , that humanity should
be sacrificed to mammon , * such liberty was . the liberty which Plato railed at , which Christ condemned , which humanity repudiated , and which intelligence would one day , and that right speedily , destroy . The liberty of the free trade party , the liberty to buy cheap and sell dear , was not the liberty they needed , but the liberty to regulate their internal and international arrangements according to the dictates of justice and reason . The law of proportion was the law which governed tbe world , and it only needed to be applied to the supply and demand , for human labour to be found equally as beneficial as in the whole of the other arrangements of the universe . Mr . Kydd ( ben recapitula'ed the various heads of tbe subjects on which he had dilated , and concluded amid much applause .
A vote of thanks was given to the lecturer aud chairman . It was announced that a second and concluding lecture would be delivered on Monday 28 th . inst .
The Truck System. K Correspondent Says:-...
THE TRUCK SYSTEM . k correspondent says :- " On the afternoon of the 11 th inst ., a highly respectable deputation from tbe South Staffordshire and Welsh Anti- Truck Associations , headed by Lord Hathwton , the Hon . E . R . Littleton , M . P . for Walsall , Messrs . Thoraely and Villiers . M . P . for Wolverhampton , had an audience at the Home-office with Sir George Grey , on the subject of obtaining an enlargement of the powers of the act for abolishing tha unjust system of paying wages in goods . Previously to the audience of the honourable' secretary , the deputation had had ah interview with Lord Hatherton and Mr ; Littleton , and explained to thsm the growing evils of the
truck system , and pointed out the alterations which were needed to make the law efficient for its proposed object ; and which were by them explained to Sir George Grey , who received the deputation with great courtesy , and fully entered into the merits of the subject . In the course of the disscuaaion it was urged that in spite of all that had been done to put down the truck system , it still existed in several parts of the United Kingdom , and is taking a spread which renders the alternative certain that the law mast be strengthened so as to arrest its progress , er all our manufacturers , in places where it prevails , will be driven into its adoption or out of their trades . That by the operation of this mode of payment the working man is dsfraudsd of an averaee of about
: ons-fifthiof his only . property—the labour of bis hands j ^ isAsta gency to a great extent taken from him ; his spirit of independence and the moral principle broken :: dbwn ; and ^ the whole man degraded to the condhionsofra serf v ' ahd that this 13 the legitimaie and everywhlre ' . risible effects of the systwn . as regards the wo » kihg ' man . It was also clearly shown that the truckmas ^ rlhas a great and uafair advantage over the manrwto ipays his wages in monoy . »»«• is enabled by this'toeans ' tb '^ uderseU him in the market , where the pr ofit bri-tHe ' manufactured goods is often given away , to . the des ' lrttction of honourable dealing , ahCmadeup-tothV truck man from the profits of his shop , or toffier * from the lite and . sinew * M bis poof oppressed work ? people . It was also nude a prominent feature in ' tke exposure of the' system thaOV places the truck masters themselves tapoa a most . " unequal footinir , as
with this eiauic medium of' exchange one man may extract from the amount of thejwages he pays five percent , only , while another , more needy or cruel , may , ana often does do it , to thtf ' extent of twentyfire , lbe ruinous influence of this evil on the retail tradesmtw , thecoitHnunity a 0 arge , as well as the revenues of the state , was Slw - well explained by the fact , tbrtonetoamy-ihop ' kwper , carrying on his bu » mej » in •» old bwn , under rent and taxes of not more than £ 10 or £ 30 a yea ? , will take trade that weald maintain fire or six or more families in comfort tad respectability , wko would occupy premises paying ton times the a » o » nt in rent and taxes . The defects in the act of pvli » rne * t for the suppression of this system wag poiat ** out by Mr . Duignan , of Walsall , the solicitor to the association , and were listened to with treat attention by the hoaourable Secretary , » ad the deputation left much gratified with tbe interview , and under tbe full conviction ( hat the government will take
The Truck System. K Correspondent Says:-...
the matter into their own hands and adopt such measures as may be best for changing tho truck system .
Imperial Ftovltanmrt.
imperial ftovltanmrt .
Monday, Aphil 14. House Of Lords.—Lord B...
MONDAY , Aphil 14 . HOUSE OF LORDS . —Lord BcononAM moved for returns of tho salaries of the judges and clerks in the County Courts , and attacked with warmth tho present system of charging fees and levying taxes upon suitors in courts of justice . The Church Building Acts Amendment ; bill was read a second time . Lord Stanley , presented a petition , signed by 5 , 000 of the inhabitants of British Guiana , praying for the introduction into that colony of a more perfect system of representative government . Lord Stanley expressed his concurrence in the prayer Of tho petitioners , and urged tho propriety of conferring upon them that free , full , and direct system of representation which had always been conferred , as soon as possible , upon other British colonies .
Earl Gbky denied that the petition embodied the wishes and opinions of the majority of the most respectable colonists ; and contended that the great mass of the population were not in a condition to render it safe or expedient to confer , at present , so large a share of political power . He intimated that he would recommend to the governor the adoption of some extension of the franchise . After some conversation the petition was received . Their Lordships adjourned till Thursday , the 1 st of May , for the Easter recess .
HOUSE OF COMMONS .-Mr . Bethell took the oaths and his seat as a representative for tbe borough of Aylesbury . St . Albas ' s EtECTroy . —Mr . Eiaicb brought up a special report from the St . Alban ' s Election Committee , declaring Mr . Bell duly elected , but appending a postoript to the effect that extensive bribery hadevidentlyexistedduringthe election , but tbo testimony by which it could be proved had been kept out of the reach of the committee , and recommending the appointment of a committee of inquiry to investigate the subject . The Chancbmor of the Exchequer stated that he would propose the second reading of the Income Tax Bill upon the first Thursday after Easter .
Mr . Aohonby revived the discussion upon the petition of Mr . Edwards , who was still in custody of the Serjeant-at-Arms , on a charge of implication in the suppression of testimony , and moved that tbe petitioner be discharged without payment of the usual fees . A discussion ensued , chiefly kept up among the legal members . Finally the house divided upon a motion , in which Lord John Russell concurred , for adjourning the question . The adjournment was carried by 108 votes to 87 . Assessed Taxes Bili ,. —The house then went into committee on this bill , Tbe Chancellor of tho Exchequer moved tbo resolution for changing the mode of assessment , as based upon tbe number of windows , into a poundage calculated upon the annual value of houses , when above £ 20 .
After a short discussion upon details tho resolutions were agreed to . Cofmsb and Timber Duties . —After resuming for a moment , tho houso again resolved itself into committee on these duties . The Cbakceuwr Of the ExonEO . UE » moved tho preliminary resolutions necessary to tho bringing in a bill enacting the changes in the above-mentioned duties , which he had indicated when explaining his finance scheme for the year . Mr . T . Baring opposed the motion so far as the removal of the differential duties on coffee was concerned . Mr . Pbinsbp coincided in believing that th « change would seriously prejudice the interests of
the coffee planters m Ceylon , The Chancellor of the Exchequer defended his proposition , arguing that the differential duties hampered the trade and impeded the importation of superior qualities of the article . He did not believe that their removal would injure our colonists . Mr . Stanley , declared that differential duties were necessary to enable our planters to compete with the slave-holding growers in Cuba and Brazil . Mr , Labouchebe vindicated the change , as forming part of a commercial policy which had been fully recognised , and ought not to bo reversed . Mr . Waelet thought it exceedingly strange that any government should sanction a palpable fraud . ( Hear , hear . ) In 1840 the use of the microscope
was not so well known as it was at present , and yet the hon . member for Montrose had just said that he could not discover tho difference between chicory and coffee . The fact was the difference was discoverable with the greatest ease . ( Hear . ) There were two classes of traders concerned—tho honest and the dishonest . The dishonest received the benefit and sanction of the government for their very unjust proceedings , and the fair trader was deprived of the opportunity of carrying on his business in a reputable manner . ( Hear , hear . ) The Chancellor of the Exchequer ought unhesitatingly to withdraw the minute of 1840 ; for how otherwise could tradesmen bo prosecuted for frauds of another description , if the chicory , fraud was permitted to escape ? It was an immoral , extraordinary , and improper minute , ( Hear , hear . ) He had no
hesitation in stating that chicory was an unwholesome root , and that its constant consumption was attended with pernicious consequences . ( Hear . ) Other members having taken tho same view of the question , The Chancellor of the Exchequer relied upon the very strong professional opinions on the other side to support him in the belief that chicory was not deleterious , and he therefore persisted in pressing the resolutions , which were agreed to , and the house resumed . , The motion for going into committee of supply on the army estimates having been put , Sir Db ; -Laot Evans referred to tho decorations ; of the now ' -chamber for the Commons , which he [ said were still in progress under the orders of tho architect , in complete opposition to a resolution Jwhioh Had been passed by the members of tbat house .
Mr . Gbeenb explained the interpretation which Mr . Barry had put upon the instructions received from the house . Ho had not conceived them to Convey an absolute prohibition from all coloured ornaments . The Chahcblloh of the Exchequer stated that he had sent orders to tbe architect to stop his ornamental works as soon as he discovered that they were still proceeding . A miscellaneous discussion occupied some time , in the course of which Colonel Rawdon read a letter from Mr . Barry , setting forth that he had acted under tbe impression that no disapprobation of ornaments in the new chamber had been expressed by tho House of Commons .
The house then went into committee , and passed several votes for the army service . Whon the house resumed , the Expenses of Prosecutions Bill was read a third time and passed . The other orders of the day were gone through , and the house adjourned at one o ' clock ,. . TUESDAY , Amu , 15 . .-HOUSE OF COMMONS . —Amongst numerous petitions presented to the house was one in favour of the six points of the People ' s Charter , by Sir G . R . Pechbm , from a public meeting at Brighton , and one by Mr . Cobues , from a person named Bradshaw , who had been an allottee in the National Land Company , praying for an inquiry , and from another allottee to the same effect .
Lord J , Russell stated the . order in . which he in . tended to take the principal business ' after Easter , On Monday , the 28 th , the second reading of the Income Tax Bill would come on ; on the » Thursday after , the second reading of the' Jew Bill "; on ' Fn : day , the house would go into committee on the Income Tax Bill ; and on Monday , the committee on the Ecclesiastical Titles Bill would betaken . . Mr . MoNSBLL drew attention to the' mortality in the Kilruso and Ennistymon Unions , in the latter of which , in two weeks , there hadbeon 253 deaths out of 3 , 893 persons—a proportion unexampled , he said , in the history of charitable institutions in ' this country . ' \ , " . , Lord J . Russell said , every means that could be adopted to remedy this state of things had been
taken by the Commissioners , , who bad ascertained that sufficient diet was provided for the inmates of tbe unions ; but he was sorry to say thai from the condition of thepers ' ohs who entered the workhouses , great mortality could hot bo prevented . . Mr . Aguokbt moved that , as Edwards , the man in custody , for . contempt in the matter of . the St . Alban ' s election ;; had presented a petition expressing contrition for having violated the privileges of the house and craving-pardon , he be discharged , ' on j paYnjent of ¦ the fees . ' ; . ; ' -,. ' ¦ ¦ -f ' ¦ ' . ; : JfoF j j TMBiOBB , - after wmmehting 0 * tbeinsufflpitooi of the admission of guilt ; and tho greatness of th ^; . 6 fijanc ^ . mpved as an ameridmantjthatEd ' wards h ^ obm ' mlttgdjto Newgate . ' ' % " ' . > ., ' , ' . ; The AiibjiSji'i- ^ |{ k | BAL having expressed his concurrence in' tbeH ' nwi ^ men . t , . ' . ''" .. '' I "}' . iwv . AuMnmir stated thifa he .-would bow to the
feeling of the house , arid withd ^ whis , motion The amendment for oommitfh ^; Ed ^ ards toNewgate was then agreed to . : ¦! * ( U ' i ; Uf t " ; , Tub Eapwr wis . —Mr . A » nBiu , mr mot « d , « ii ' a'd . dress , praying that Her Majesty would ; a . jjr $ nte » V Commission to proceed to South Africa ^ a ' stojiijqnirtf into tho best mode of adjusting the relations , h * tween this country and the Kaffir , tribes , and of de . termining the engagements entered into in tbiseti . tlement ot the extended territory . There waeinot at this moment , he observed , a government at tbe Cape ; there was a governor , but not even a oo » ncil , whilst a dangerous war raged upon the frontier , and our policy with wlation to the native tribes bad utterly failed . His object was to put an end to this policy , and to wind up for ever the outsiding engagements with tke tribes and settlers
Monday, Aphil 14. House Of Lords.—Lord B...
at tho Capo ., conceding the colony a representative government , which would then tako upon itself the responsibility and task ofits own administration . He act forth his objections to the amendment of which Lord J . Ruiseil bad given notice , io intrust tbe in qniry to a select committee of that house , and to ten-W . Molesworth ' s amendment of that amendment , the ob'ect of which was to relieve this coun < try from any expense of wara with tho native tribes . The circumstances which rendered his motion necessary were , he said , the endless recurrence of these native wars , the destruction of the lives and property of tho colonists , perpetual irritation
amongt the African tribes , enormous expenditure cast upon this country , and perplexity to tho In > perial government . Mr . Adderloy reviewed tho course of policy pursued by Sir H . Smith , his raili . tary colonisation , his system of commissionerships , his mode of dealing with the destitution of the na « live chiefs , and with the influence of the wizards J and he insisted that- this policy had resulted in failure and disgrace , tho existing war being waged , not against the colonists but against the government , to recover territory and the authority of tha chiefs , which Sir Harry , at the instance of Lord Grey , had broken up .
Lord J . Russell , in moving his amendment ^ that a Select Committee be appointed to inquire into the relations between this country and tha Kaffir and other tribes , traced the history of tha colony from its cession to ua by the Dutch , when its limits had been extended to the Great Fish River , in 1819 , a settlement , approved by tha house , was formed at Graham ' s town ; the emi * grnints soon after complained of the depredations of tbe Kaffirs , and successive governors had endeavoured to remedy this mischief . The Fish River ? was found to be an ill-choson boundary , and out frontier was extended to the eastward . The objectionable commando system having been abolished , in 1835 the Kaffirs ravaged the eastern
districts , and a more costly system of military defence * was necessarily adopted . Sir B . D'Uban carried his retaliatory hostilities beyond the Kei river , and declared that the security of tho colonists required the extension of the frontier from the Keiskamraa to the Kei . Lord Glcnelg relinquished acquisitions of territory , and directed that treaties should be formed with the chiefs ; but in 1845 fresh hostilitios were commenced by the Kaffirs , which even'the benevolent Sir P . Maitland charged to their treachery and rapacity , and he also suggested that our boundaries should be advanced to tho Kei . Sir H . Pottinger adopted views not dissimilar , tvnd laid down a system , ably detailed , for the protection of tho colonists , and he thought
the frontier should be extended to the Kei . The policy of Sir H . Smith had been based upon that of his predecessors , and so far from his having been unjust to the chiefs , - Sir Harry had been charged with an excess of lenity towards them . ( Hear , hear . ) Tbe present war had been kept at a distance from the colonists , which was so far good ; but further measures were requisite , which ought to bo considered dispassionately . The house , could not say , ho thought , " let tbo colonists have free institutions and take their own course at their own cost . " He feared in that case this country would be responsible for serious consequences—a war of races , murder and rapine upon a large scale . ( Hear , hear . ) Dismissing this alternative , then ,
there wore , first , the plan of Lord Glonelg , of M « stricting rather than extending the colonial frontier , and making treaties with the native tribes , which had been fairly tried and had failed ; secondly , the plan of Sir H . Smith and his three predecessors , of extending the frontier to the Kei , which would afford means of watching the motions of the savage tribes , establishing a line of ports as places of security . ( Hear , hear . ) His opinion was that this system was most consistent with safety and with humanity . ( Hear , hoar . ) At the same time it was a plan which involved military movements and expense ; and he thought it quite right that the
House of Commons should delegate to a Committee the task of obtaining information and reporting their opinion whether it was a plan which the government ought to adopt . ( Hear , hear . ) Mr . V . * Smith dissented from both motions , considering that this was a question entirely for thfl Executive Government , and that the appointment of a Commission to tho colony in particular would weaken the authority of the Governor . Mr . Smith entered at much length into the practical parts of the question , urging that tho Cape was not a colony on whose account much expense should be incurred by the mother country . Mr , Scott supported the amendment .
Mr . Mackiunon said , the contest in Kaffraria waa the inevitable result of the contact of civilisation with utter barbarism , No amalgamation could take place ; the savage would retire farther and farther back until he disappeared altogether . These outbreaks would occasionally take place ; nothing could prevent them . The amendment took a middle comae , and he should support it . Mr . GtAnsTONE said tbe philosophical theory of Mr . Mackinnon did not much help the inquiry ; tbe question was , were the incidents of that theory capable or not of being affected by prudent or impolitic conduct on our part ? It was impossible to decide on whom the blame rested for the past ; the future , however , was in our power . Like Mr .
V . Smith , he did not agree with either proposition . As to the appointment of a Commission , he was not aware that anything could be done by a commission that could not be done by the governor . With respect to a committee , not dwelling upon the old objection that it tended to shift the responsibility from the executive government i a select committee would hang up the question for two sessions , and it would be a bad instrument for such an inquiry . He thought the best government for a colony was one in itself , but if there was to be a colonial government in this country , let ua have a Queen ' s government . It was Impossible to devise in this country the means of settling our relations with the Kaffir tribes . ( Hear , hear . ) The
wbolo matter should be carried over as speedily as possible to the colony itself . Tbe main principle upon which he objected to a Committee was , his anxiety to avoid giving a fresh parliamentary sanction to the mischievous and unsound system of managing the affairs of our colonies at home . He did , not wish to throw the costs of the colonial wars , with the management of their affairs , upon the colonists from motives of economy alone ; a much higher principle was involved . The plague and scourge of war conld only he kept down by the colony being responsible for its expense . Ho protested against the doctrine that a colony was to be treated like an infant , and that it Was necessary to prepare it for free institutions . This was . in his oninion . a weat
practical aud mischievous fallacy . Colonies should be founded iu freedom . Colonel Thompson argued that the best security against semi-barbarous tribes was to treat them with justice . Sir E . Buxton did not think that the policy of Lord Glenelg had entirely failed . If the colonists were , left to themselves , he feared the wars with the natives would he of an exterminating character , as in all countries whero the white man came ia contact with the black . Ha prayed the house to return to the high principle laid down by Lord Glenelg , to treat the natives as we should wish they should , in similar circumstances , treat us . Mr . RoBBuca said we had no business in
Kaffraria , except on the understanding that we were about to plant , thero a people of higher intelligence , and this could only be done by the gradual annihilation of the native population . They might oppose cunning and artifice to knowledge and force , but it would be vain . It was ' an utter ! pretence , then , to talk of humanity , and the principles of the Christian religion , and tho Decalogue ; the black man must vanish in the face of the white . , We must , therefore , make up our minds to the event . He said still colonise ; he know it bould ' riot be dona withoutgreat suffering by the native population ; he regretted this , but the end sanctioned it . How should it be accomplished ? Just as in the case of the North American Colonies , bv tellinirthe
colonists , "; We will protect you against great Powers ' , but . against the Aborigines you must defend your-.. selves . " He severely condemned the proposition .. _ , of tho noble lord , < which ' , ho said , abrogated the ' functions of government ; he .. denounced ' it as a . miserable subterfuge to esoa *» responsibnity ^ while , lives as well as money would be sacrificed in . the ' colony , and the great name of England , perhaps , prostituted ; ' - '; '' ?;¦*'• - ' " "" . ' . \ , ' .. ; . Mri Laboucdbbb justified the course proposed by- tho government by precedents ; The report of the • Aboriginal Committee ' of 1837 ; he observed , cast a ' sacrad duty upon' the' ! government , ' which was "' bound to exercise the authority of thief ;! country ' »• prevent the frightful consequences' of allowim ? " ithepasBions of black ahdwhite men to' be ftrw »™ l ' against each other ; ' i ! ' . >'• '" < " . ? l rr * XW ^ . Mr . Home insisted that the time had con ™ «&' - ' the colonists should y ^' wevSX ^^ Jf ^^ 10
prcunreu unuertake . - ' ( Hear , hear \ - W « *™ w « 2 ' the house would not anno ntT * Zsft * il £ i 7 ? p d S ^ t ^^ iTO *** SE ^ P ^ s ^ ti &! - ° T « oing evil that good might come : ' If adoc nZ £ *™^ *? - 8 UOtt ¦ » Woo & sy and rapaewds spirit wert to bo actsd on wher * ir . i , y ¦ which of the two nations was tbe more civilised ? ^ iS ^ ' ^^ . dMt ^ sft ^ a 7 ^ / v ^ bouohef e : But , ihtlspohdent ' of preoe- . dent , didthis > portioular case , be . asked , justify the appointment of a dommUtoe ? , The ciroumetoncei of the case required ' 'the , exeroiee of discretion in the colony or ' by the government at home , and thia attempt to delegate responsibility , while it was not justified by the oireumsiiuiool of the case , would be detrimental to the public service . Mr . Boosbb supported the amendment . Mr . Hawks said the appointment of the oenMnit- ^ tee would not suspend the functions of th * govero- ^^
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), April 19, 1851, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_19041851/page/7/
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