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to it Manchester 151 % THE NORTHERN STAR...
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in «^q»—»c«^^ ^ — » ^SLEBRAfE I) s.iUOl'y^CUi i'-^ l iL01iEHOLLOW AY'S _ OINTMENT.
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frorrespoiflreiue*
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PAUPERISM AND CBIME, LEWE& II. THE REMED...
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THE JOHN-STREET INSTITUTION. TO THE IDIT...
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THE MOVEMENT. TO TUB EDITOR OF THE NOBTI...
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THE "CORRECTOR' CORRECTED. TO IBB EDIT0B...
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Manchester ... ... ... 151 Glasgow ... ....
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TO THI EDITOI 07 THE MOBTHEBH BT1B, Sia,...
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TO THE EXECUTIVE OF THE NATIONAL CHARTER...
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The Sevshtt-Seventh Birthday of RobbbtOw...
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
To It Manchester 151 % The Northern Star...
% THE NORTHERN STAR . __ , , MaY 20 > U j * _ -
In «^Q»—»C«^^ ^ — » ^Slebrafe I) S.Iuol'y^Cui I'-^ L Il01iehollow Ay's _ Ointment.
in «^ q »—» c «^^ ^ — » ^ SLEBRAfE I ) s . iUOl'y ^ CUi i ' - ^ iL 01 iEHOLLOW AY'S OINTMENT .
Ad00213
CURE O ? FISTULOtTS SORES ^ DPLEDRIST ^ ¦ ^ t ^ aa syasafa . ' S ^ c ^^ al « - ^ town , toto" ™ 5 J' * £° rW « ars a l ndahalf , an . has rewhohad bBa ^ b aa / " ^ - ' ^ ,, u f J 0 nrplIlgand ceivod tbs £ *?" ,. icrofulous con . titution ; a pleurisy 0 iOttaAat' . ^ . ^ HMfion Of ma tter In the cheat , and had left a l » jse """ "L ,, sg-e through the wales of the ^^ ftrf ™ tfc & fiftolous . ore . whkh dUc & sst , ^ uJ ^ oukotit . es of pta , when he wat induced to £ 5 SrpWn oinraentat thi . datB hewasa pa . H £ ^ n « drin * co nditio * : the stomach rejected every-^ n / it took four pUls and ointment had the effect of fSftetelj curing both thecoueh and stomach affetUoU . SKst h andLb arealso reared , his apatfxU ^ en «> d direction good . There i « every prospect that a little fcr taerconttaoaBW of your medicines will finish the cure ( Me ned ) Bobk » t Calyjrt . The HorciSGL tTESewspapsr , published at Herrut , hM , on the 15 lh October , 18 * 7 , copied an article from the Be-uksRicoebss , of which the following is an Ex .
Ad00214
The extensive practice of Messrs R . and L . PERRY and Co .. tha continued demand for
Ad00216
ON r . -tE ' ¦ " Ni-EALKuC ' . b ' . 'iB TriAT P ' . iEY * OX TA £ HEALTH AND SHORTENS THE DURATION OF HBKAN LIFE ItLOSKiTED WW 3 KUMSnOUS CotOBaED Efl « BAVINGS . Just Published , iu a Sealed Envelope , price 2 s . 6 d ., or free by post , 3 s . 6 < 3 . CO STROTJL OF THE PAS 3 I 0 H 8 ; a Popular Essay on the Duties and Obligations of Married Life , the unhappiness resulting from physical impediments aad defeets , with aireorions for their treatment ; the abuse of the passions , tke premature decline of health , and mental and bedily vigour ; indalgeaee in solitary anddelative habits , precocious exertions or infection , inducing a Ion * tcain * f disorders uS & etiug the prineipulorf ans of the hody , causing cosaamptions , mental and narvous debility and indigestlen , with remarks on gonorrhcea , dett , stricture , and syphilis . Illustrated with Coloured Engravings and Cases .
Frorrespoiflreiue*
frorrespoiflreiue *
Pauperism And Cbime, Lewe& Ii. The Remed...
PAUPERISM AND CBIME , LEWE & II . THE REMEDY . TO TBF IDITon Ot THE BOBDER ADVERTISES . Bait Lioton , April 15 , 1818 . Dili Sis —I proceed to give you , as shortly as pos . . t ' jte Hu outline of the plan for the suppression of panp rjgin and mendicity , promised ia my last . I may de . 6 ne it as— ' Trie application of crown and waste lands , b- means of h rate tqultably levied on those liable to the present poor-rate , for the absorption of s & rplus labour '
\ 11 who have considered the subject agree that the rccisma' . ion of waste land would afford an ea « j and remunerative menus of givieg , mployment to the people . It is no new idea . Forty yeors eg ' , the attention of parliament wa- c . Ued to it , ia regard to Ireland , and It h-i * been repea ' -nlj talked of since ! bat nothing has hitherto been d -oe in tho matter , chiefly , it it believed , ' ) Winr te th ,-jea : oa « y of the great hod-holders , who &• ¦ a- ' anything ssvi uring o an Agrarian law . What I pr .-inos- in , that th'tc ides a ould now he carried into effect and I calculate that , in the course of a very tew y .-.-. re , it wouM Ua ' . lo the extinction of the present poor ra » . r , « f ! il- it shouti atones put down vagrancy and gr- iily diminish crime .
Let there 1 h tbr- e central beards , Bitting ia Londea , Eiinhurih , anrf Duhlm comi'oscd , it nsght be , of the memo- rs cit 'he existing poor law boards and the beard of works , and empowered to purchase , reclaim , and c *> lon-. s laul wholly or partially waste , and to execute ether public work " . Let the country Oe divided into convent n It sii"d districts or anient—»* y of thirty . Bis or forty n . il g square—with a board of guardians foreaeh , chosen * y he ri'e-pivers , and with all nec-sssry officer * , suoh a inspector , m-ister of works , surgeon , schoolmaster , ic . L t the < . pp ! icnnt « f .-r parish relief be divided into t ^ o ord ^ r-i . r ' : z . resident *** , and vagrants , and these agnin int ~ < f re classes , vig , sup raorjuated , iaduding the infirm fini dUablrd ; children , including youths
under fourteen years of age ; end the abU-bodied of ty . th p ? xt-e . L «; t th > first order . compreheRding those bora in . or hitinir acquired an industrial settlement in , the anion where ( hey lire , bo entitled to employment or relief within i's boun is ; let the second order , compreh-ndin ? thos- who havr bo fired residt-nce , be Sent to any place wi hin the kingdom the central board might t h . i » k fit , th-r ^ to be employed on public works or main , taiaed in poor t-ousee . Let th- re be two separate fundo , on from a local ra : e voted by the rate payers in each anion ' or the uppott and employment of the residtnt piUDers ; the other from the general revenue , voted by p'riiam-nt , for that of the vagrant order ; government of cour = e .-xprrisine a paramount control over both .
L = t relh f b- given to persons of the first class of the first nrdrr . i « ., superannuated residenters , either In their own houses or in those of their nl & tives or acquaintances , << nhe discretion cf the local board ; those of the second order mlgh-. either be boarded nith decent householder * , or lo iged In buildings titled up for the purpose . Le a similar rrgn'a'lon apply to the children of bo-. h stxev but let special care be taken to have them procerly e ^ uca-ed hy Bssklf g then * regular attendance at school » tine qua Mm ; aU' 1 when fit to go to trades , le- ? h * m be apprenticed to approved masters , and when their timf is expired , let a 'mall sum of money be given ; hem so begin the werld with . L-1 Ihe able-bcdled of tht firstor ^ er be Pet to work within the bounds of the union in which they lire ; while those of the second
order might either hi employed in the locality where tVy became chargeable , or be conveyed to any other , wh-re their services might be more wanted . Let pnb-Hc tvgilng be » tricily prohibited , and let all mendicants be r . pprehetidedand detlt with as applicants for relief . Let sll juvenile delinquents , on tbeir first conviction , be placed at the dUposi . l of th- board , after under ^ oln , ? their Fentence , if tbeir parents or relatives cannet be pot to come forward and enttr into recognizances for their futora t ood behaviour . If they are found to he Ulitiratt ' . Bnd ignorant of a trade whereby to make their living , let it be stipulated ia the bond that they « re co be instructed forthwith , and let the beard take care that the stipulation {« adhered to . If they come
a second time in'o the hands of the police , and be again convicted , let tfeem be placed at once fa the third cissi above nem ^ d , and brought up like o her destitute children , nnd let thf sum forfeited by their cantioners be laid <• side to form a fund for them when fhfy come of age If their parents are able , however , they ought to reimburse the board for their winy by ppjing a email weekly sum . By this plaa , ragged schools and school * of Industry , such as are . at present la operation , would not be Bup-rseied , bat their character would be some , what al'ered , the benefits resulting from them would ba extended to all destitute children , and a regularity would be intro uced into their working which can never be sttalneJ to under exls ' -in ? circumstances .
0 cours » It would cot < i « to aet the able-bodied to work in surh a wsy as to sffeet the laboar market arid lRwer wages . On tJ . e first mooting of the system an outert will nqtarfilly be raised that it would in-erfere with private ind-jst-y , and depress , is . 8 tc » d of raiting , the eondit on of the working man . But that is by no raesns a necessary consequecBf , for there ( a abundance of work to do th « t will either never be done at all except thp-ugh s » me scheme cf this bind , or that , if once done , would ad « i so materially to the resources of tbe country & s to create a pcrnjanimt demand for milliuna of additi oaal labourers . Let applicants for employment be set to do something that no private party it likely to undertsk » , and that at the same time is of a truly useful na . ture . Since the fact is , that the country has at present oil that host of sturdy veirrants who infest it to keep
In nddition lo lh « r * tpeel » hle though unemployed poor , and that , if not tuniptuously . at least expensivel y ard since it has alpo to roffer , and to make up for , all their depredations , it would certalal ; be better to make them work for their lirirg , even although their work were nutri a remuntrative kind . Ratfcer than Ih . y should CO at large , idle and thieriog . it would be wiser far to s t them to make a cans-way acro » s the North Channel , from Donsgbadee to Port P . trick , to level Ban Nevis , to dis a tuinel through the Cheviots , to dlag doen Tan . tallan an' mak * a brig to the Bass/—anything , in « hort rather than i . ilantsa and their shift . ' But there is no need to have recourfe to euch expedients , for the waste lands scattered ovtr the thne kingdoms would employ profitably all the surplus labour that could be commanded for fifty years to come .
Let thf > rate-p jvers in each nnlcn vote annually a soffi . cient sum to stt the resident labourers applying for re . lief , to work , either on waste land , on the public roads , or o'herwiae . Let Pa'tianunt likewise vote a liberal sum annually for the purchase and reclamation of lund
Pauperism And Cbime, Lewe& Ii. The Remed...
ivli iliy or put lull ) ! v : ix f ;—1 rij ) iii ' . li IK o l /; iii- ; jUI : Orj sales , such as those sought to b * legaiiiitd by Mr Trench in his bill recently read a first time in the House of Commons . Let the labourer * be set to reclaim this land , by draining , trenching , enelo « ing , planting , erecting anitable buildings , iie ., & e . When reclaimed , let the land be gold by public aue Ion in lets varying from five lo fifty acres , and let the price go into the national or local fund for the purchase of more land . There aro few districts of thirty-Mi mtlescquare , in which more or less land suited for operations of t'ie kind here reo m .
mended is not to be fonnd . It would not need to bo entirely In & state of nature , although th « nenror it approached that state It would probably pay the better . But where land could not be bad tor the employment of resident labourers , other works might be undertaken . Road-making would be a never failing resnurco . The deepsningof rivers so as to make them navigable might be resorted to . In short , there la plenty of work ttt itO ; the only thing requisite would be to make a prudent selection , and to guard agalnt the p . rpetratton of j - bs , which would be best done by giving the rate-payers a direct voice in the whole affair from beginning to end .
Granting the scheme feasible and expedient , we have ample room for almost immediate opi rations ou a large scale . There are tens of millions of acres of improvable land , lying nncultivatsd in every quarter of the United Kingdom . The bogs of Ireland , which could easily be rend , red arable , and eoroc of which possess nn almost inexhaustible fertility , contain 5 , 000 000 acres there being 2 , 000 , 000 in the single province of Connau / bt . Their entire reclamation l > as been dtclnr-d practicable by a Parliamentary Comrsiinaion , which reported that not only temporary but permanent employment wnuld thereby be afforded to , if I recollect right , about ha f a million of labourers . The total rental of these Irish bogs is said to be only £ 76 , 000 ; while if improved it is calculated they would pr '" iuce 22 j millions . The ex pesse of reclamation would no doubt be considerable , but nothing in comparison to the gain .
I know nothing that wouM so speedily operate towards stemming the tide of pauperism as the ree'amatien of these wastes according to the system row proposed , and their subsequent allocation , in suitable portions , te industrious cultivators of the peasant or small-yeom ^ n class . The Irif-h small farm system may be pointed to as affording no great encouragement ; but in Irelavd the holders have no certainty of tenure , which makev them quite careless about improving their land , and so keeps them in continual poverty In Emtlnud and Scotlnnd , wherever the allotment system has bee » fairly tried , it has accomplished much good . A striking instance was mentioned in parliament in 1834 , by Lord Robert Orosvenor . In the parish of Cltolesbury , in Buckingham shire , some yoara previous to that date , there wad not a single acre in cultivation owing to thi- increase of pauperism ; the poor were supported by rat < s levied in aid
on the adjoiatng parishes ; and it was a sceno of universal desolation . Under these circumstances , a Society f < r Agricultural Employment allotten fifty acres among the poor to cultivate during tbeir unemployed time ; and the consequence was , that 'in a few months '—I quote Lord Robert's own words— ' the poor rate was reduced from 20 s . c pound of the rental ef the parish to it . ; while the poor were rescued from starvation . ' If we turn to foreign gauntries we find the strongest proofs of the bene , fit resulting from the appropriation of waste land to the support of the redundant population . In Sweden it has been tried withtbe best effects . The Swedish government commenced , in 1803 , distributing into farms several large tracts of Crown lands , previously lying waste . The number of farms thus called into active cultivation , and each maintaining a family in bumble comfort , exceed * 6000 . Mark the result . The annual importation of corn into Sweden amounted
between the years 1758 and 1776 to 180 . 600 ora
1777 1790 3 S 5 718 1791 1802 200 , 149 1810 1816 133 , 140 Between 1805 and 1828 , the production of corn in Sweden increased il per cent ., while the population inerened only 18 per cent , In the former year the produce ef the kingdom amounted lo 2 608 , 000 quarters ; In the latter to 3 713 . 712 . Nor is this the whole . The increased cultivation ef potatoes is equally remarkable , the potato harvest of 1825 having produced no lese than 14 , 848 , 000 bushels , being s return ot seven for one , ou 4 nioe / oJd the produce of 1805 , At to the moral resoles of th j system , Mr Ining , a most intelligent observer , thus speaks is 1838 : — ' The land ( province of Augermania ) is all in small estates in the possession of the
peasants . The men de the farm business , the women are driving a no less profitable branch of industry . There is full employment at the loom or in spinning , for eld and young of the female sex . Servants are no burden . About the houses and inside , there is all the cleanliness and neatness of a thriving manufacturing , and the abundance of on agricultural population , The table linen laid down even for your glass of mllli and piece of bread is clean ; the beds and sheets always nice and white . Everybody well clad , for their maaufacturing is like their farming ; for their own use in the first place , and tbo surplus only as a secondary o > ject for sale ; end from the number of Httlo nick-nackd in their household , such as good tables and chairs , window curtains and blinds whioh no hut is without ; clocks ,
fine bedding , papered rooms , and a few books , it is evf . dent that they lay out their winnings on their comforts . ' In Holland , the plan of pauper . colonies bos been » ucocssfolly tried . In Macgregor ' g Commercial Tariff of Bollar . d there . is a very interesiing account of them . It is too long for extract , but the following is the coat lud . log paragraph : — 'Although the colony ( Frederick ' s Ocrd . ) In point of profit , has not realised the sanguine expectations of the society , nor as a commercial ( . peculation is it likely to succeed ; yat , * ight thousand paupers , including two thousand four bundrcd orphans and foundlings , have been well provided for ; the labour of the working paupers has paid for their maintenance ; and tho lands aro considered worth nearly as much annnal rent per acre as the original cost . From the
statements given me at Amsterdiim , the order , sobriety , and industry of Frederick ' s Oord , is remarkable ; they have p ' . aees of worship , and sehoola for Lutherans , Ca . thalicB , and Jews . The adjoining colony fer orpha b at Wateran , and the colony at Veonbausen , bavoasswered equally as well . Profit , however , need not be expected . Employment to the poor , although it may only partiall pay for their maintenance , Is in every respect preferable to supporting them in any other way . ' In Belgium it is said that the hod in some instances has risen in value nine-fold , in consequence ef being fubdivided among peasani . proprirtors , what was bought for £ 100 per acre having sold for £ 900 . Between Antwf rpand Gh' -nt the fields sown with flax often produce a return of JESO
par a re by the application of liquid manure and oilcake . The produce of wheat is often not less than tbiriy . two bushels to two of seed ; of oats , sixty bushels to three ; and this on land originally a barren sandy heath . The country Is divided Into small forms of from two to one hundred acres , mostly tho property of the occupant . West Flanders contains , on a superficies of 799 . 422 acres , no less than 656 , 604 registered properties , which conse . quently average but 11 acre each . The spade ia in general usa , Bepts equalling * £ 3 and £ i per nora are quite common . The cottage of the labourer enmist * of two or three rooms , and as invariably a neat garden attached to it . The people are healthy and strong , nnl what is of great csnsequcnce in troublous times like tho present , they are mostly Conservatives .
These instanees out of many ehow the practicability and happy results of th » plan . There fceiog no limit to the pnpnlatlon but the supply of food , th » cultivation oi the waste lands wenld goon augment materially the number of the Queen ' s subjects , and add mora in pro . portion to the wealth of tbe ' eountry , since in eichanire for a horde of vagrants , preying opon its vitals , it would substitute a class of hon-st cultivators of the most substantlal kind , living by tbeir own industry , nnd contributing largely to the general stock . It is ralo . nlated that five acres of land of average quality are sufficient to support a family under spade husbandry . The labour of a very small number of paupers , therefore , would
suffice to clear a holding for a family . And While engaged in that task , instead of being rivals to others , they would be creating a vast amount of work for private labourers , ot the moat satisfactory and proficaMe hind . Movcover , land generally would rise in value , as it has dene in Belgium , Holland , an Sweden ; for it is clear that the man who has a small holding , and who cultivates it himself , can afford to pay a higher rent than one who balds a large farm sod cultivates it b y means of hired servants ; and this will come to be more and more the case under the influence of free trade which will eventually render all farming , but that which closely Imitates horticulture , unprofitable in thla country .
To recapitulate the adjutages which I think wfuld flow from the plan how recommendrd WOu ] d a o ; rd employment to all labourers who needed it , and guarantee them against utter destitution even ia the dullest times ; It would put a stop to mendicity , and consequently diminish crime ; it would give comfortable homes to thousand s who possess no fixed property at present , and , giving them ' a stake in the country ' would convert them into its staunchest defenders ; it would augment the population , increase tie national resources and revenue , nud even improve th- climate
Ireland last year , and its bad made made worse is no Criterion for judging of the W . rkjmj ofa woll-CODBWired permanent measure , such eg this would be , 740 000 paupers flong on the hands of government all of a sudden , rmplo . ved nnder an act draws up , as it were de improvise , and with the Boards of Guardians—at least many of them—deliberately b » nt on making the mea « ure work ill to icrvs their own Bnlfigh endg , wag no guffleient test of a principle so important . No fear of arush to the psblic works , and a consequent desertion of the usual channels of industry ; for ( he labourers would , of course , receive no more wages than barely suffielet . tto purchase the necessaries of life . Yet a feeling of security and of independence would
spring up in the poor roan ' s mind , to which ho has hitherto been a stranger . Starvat ' on could never stare him in the face then . He would know that he had some , thing to fall back upon , Ut the worst happen—something that would not degrade hira either In big own eyes or in other people's . Parish relief , while it renders tho ratepayer callous , always demoralise the recipient , for hofeilsthat be is subsisting on charity , doled out tohitn with a grudging heart . But to receive wages for work done has no such humil'atir-gtffect , and the applicant for employment on tho public works would no more * urrender bis honest independence by so doing than by applying for an esgagement to a farmer or manufacturer Same might even resort to those works , sacrificing a "
Pauperism And Cbime, Lewe& Ii. The Remed...
tugn . r mis ' , in order to enjoy greater iudspoudeuce tfcen under a private master . On the other h . md , a check on idleness , insolence , or bad conduct of any kind , would always exist , although absolute dismissal could not be resorted to . Let the resident labourer who disobeyed orders , or showed himself idly disposed or rtffactory , be degraded Into the OiasB of vagrants , and sent off from his plane of wsldenofl to work at a distance . For the vagrant , egtia , who failed to give satisfaction , many similar expedients o » uld easily befallen « 3 poa . But this letter is already too long , and I must conclude without entering into farther details , which , inde . d . weuld bo superfluous ot present , ray solo object bein * to Indica'e the generalfeatures of the plan . I may return to the subject should nobody better qualified take it up . Ons word ore closing . The very term work-Jioute shows that the authors of our poor-law system never mettBl the paupers should be supported in idleness . I remain , < fec , Wiiluh Bbocsib .
The John-Street Institution. To The Idit...
THE JOHN-STREET INSTITUTION . TO THE IDITOB OF TUB ' TIMM . ' Sib , —By a resolution passed unanimously at 8 public m > eting held at the Literary and Scientific Institution , j . hn-street , Fitzroy-tquare , on Tuesday evening , April 18 b , I was requested , on behalf of the meeting , to repudiate the false statements contained in a letter signed 1 Curate of the District , ' which appeared In your paper of tho date abovemen'ioned . In that letter tho reverend gentleman has made the following statement : — 'In the same place '—the Johnstreet Institution— ' in which treason is now hatched against oar Queen , defiance has long been wont to be hurled at Him who is the King of Rings . Infidel lectures , tea meetings , and dunces on Sunday evenings , have Innu' been held with Impunity , '
It is much to be regretted , that a professed teacher of religion should sa far forget himself as to give utterance to what he must have known to be untrue . In the Johnstreet Institution no treason is hatched against the Queen . The Institution U let , occasionally- —as are other public buildings—forpollllcal purposes ; and Jobrlstre . tt Institution ia let to the Chartist Executive for the use of tie National Convention . They are only striving to ob ' t-in the enactment of the People ' s Charter end do not meet for the purposes indicated by the reverend calumniator . In your paper ef the llth lost , you candidly ' admit th < ttthe six paints of the Charter are honest nnd allnwablo doctrima , ' and that there is not in those opinions' any necessary contradiction to the spirit of tht > British Constitution . ' The 'Curate of the district , ' therefore , calumniates the Convention in charging thera with hatching treason , when they are really pursuing , according to your own admission , a just and constitutional object .
The reverend gentleman ' s unwarrantable attack upon the managers of the Institution , is not "hat should be expected from a teacher of religion . When he asserts ' that dances on Sunday evenings have long been held therH wit ' , impunity , ' I charge this reverend gentleman with asserting what I cannot help designating a base nnd malignant falsehood , I challenge this false man to prove what he assorts ; for I honestly and emphati . cally deny that dancing evtr took place wltbtn its walls on Sunday , since the opening of the Institution . The managers of the Institution are honest Intelligent men . They are not sectarian in their notions . The doors of the Institution have at all times been thrown open by them to those who had , or believed they had , important truths to communicate to society . Believing truth to be the basis of all excellence , they are anxious to listen to the sentiments and opinions of all parties ;
in their estimation no oubj-ct is too sacred for investigation ; and , as we are told that if we 'believe the truth , the truth shall make us free , ' the manegers of the Instl . tution , being ardent lovers of freedom , impose no creeds or restrictions upon their lecturers , whether they be relleious or anti . rellglous In verification of this assertion I may state , in conciusfon , that lectures have been delivered in this Institution by reverend gentlemen , on Christian subjects , of nearly two hours duration , which have been listened to with marked attention by the audience , though they generally disagreed with the doctrines propounded . It would , therefore , have bsen more in accordance with the professed doctrines of the reverend eentlemnn if , instead of publishing false and railing accusations against the managers and frequenters of the Institution , be had come amongst us , and endeavoured te convince us of what he conceived to be our errors , In doctrine and practice .
Relying upen yonr sense of justice for the Insertion of this letter , in refutation of the calumnies and falsehoods of' The Curate of the district . ' I am , Sir on behalf of the meeting , Tour obedient bumble servant , Hekrt HETnEJUHaTOJf , 57 . Judd . street , Brunswick square .
The Movement. To Tub Editor Of The Nobti...
THE MOVEMENT . TO TUB EDITOR OF THE NOBTIIESN ST * B . Minster Lovel , May 7 , 1848 . Sib , —In ibeso eicitable times when every pseudo patriot considers bJmself at liberty to propound hi ? favourite nostrum for the amelioration of the condition of his fellow-m ^ n , it may not he presuming too much to hope that you will allow mn a small spice in the people ' s journal to express my opinion on the aspect of the political hir > snn , and to offjr a few suggestions as to tho policy » o be adoo'ed in 'he coming struggle ; for let no man 'ley the fluttering unction to bis soul , ' that he
will regain his los' rights without a struggle , or the tyrant oppressor , that he can rauoh longer exercise his wltherlvg Influenco over the lives and liberties of the tnilin ? millions , without coming into collision with the improved mind of the country , and experiencing the dire effects of a criminal nnd Aaeeed resistance to the just and reasonable claims of labour to a fair share of its own fruits as well as a participation in those politics . ! rights and immunities , which would form a barrier sgaintt the encroachments of capital on the one handand the tendencies of aristocratic domination on the other .
It has been said , that coralnz events , cast their sha . dowg before ; ' and , if there be any truth in this opbo . risra , it Is now mire than ever incumbent on the Chartist boity » o be on the alert , far , if they do not bestir themselv -s—and that in right good earnest—the middle class dodire will again be played off upon us , and onr Charter mutilated by a compromise between compUtt humbug and the bousfholdleague ! Are th » subl'me principles ef the Charter become more complicated , and , therefore , not so easily understood as th » -y were ten years ago ' Are the circum * stances which > econ mended their adoption by the great balk of the labouring population of this country—altered for . the better ? Or , is theintellect of tho so-called middle class so deadened , that they have become
insensible to the insult tbey nrc again adding to the deep injuries they haveheapxd upon the victims of tbo system they would prop up o little lonRvr , that we are now ta bn bsmhnozled by anotW league ? Ferlly , sir , I think we have had enough of leagues among that class ; from the nnholy league of kings at Aix-la-Chapelle ti » the new-born of Brummagem— there has been but one unbroken chain of conspiracies against the rights of industry by the worshippers of Mammon , and by the place hunting , tr » fiickln £ politician against the rights of man ; and how long are we to tolerate this legerdemain—this hocus pocus t I , for one . will not quietly submit to see the movement trifled with by any more of their class , leaaueo , either in or out of the House , for I hold that there is no difference whatever between them .
If the Charter was wod in itself In 1836 and 1839 , it m ust bs equally so in 1848 ; aad if it was expedient ? hen , why surely thesfl gentlemen , who advocated its immedinte adoption at that time , will not tell us—that it is less so now ; and why is It that they offer us a less measure , after so many years of ; hat sort of experience which woull not only qualify us for its appreciation , but also enable us to apply its fruits to the rectification of those abuses which , from that time to the present , have been accumulating to an unbearable extent in every de . partmcut of oar nuttvfl iadus'ry ? The reason to me , sir . is ai plain as the deception is glaring—they never monn us to have the Charter at all ; and so long as they oan gull us , they will , with nny kind of dodge , nor wHl
It require more than this simple argument to prove my aflOOrtion . w <> « re grav-Iy told that if we will go with them for household suffrage , we should acquire such a power that no government could withstand the demand for a nifre extended suffrage—If the people demanded It ! Just mark ( he qualification — * if the people demanded It ! ' Why the people have demanded , are now demanding , and will continue to demand it too ! until the contumely of the artful dodgers , and the treasonable coercion of the government , shall perhaps compel them to demavd the Charter in a voice which will scatter tenet the four winds Of heavun but to the lowest depths of another place—tho plunderers ef the poor min ' i labour —and establish on the ruins of domestic tyranny , a system based on the fraternity of nations , and tho rights of
man . — 'Call not this an idle thre . it , < e « « » o ' Yeu know the rest . I therefore shall proceed ! Now , sir , if theeo men were honest they would go for the Charier at once aad show that they wished the people to hnve their rights ; and the influence which would be sufficient to get Household would command the Charter Suffrage—but years of bitter disappointment do not sanction the hope of any good from the Brufflmagem league—it would be hoping against hopeand as ' bopo deferred makc-th the heart sick , ' let us turn from tho nauseous draught and look to the more cheering and enlivening prospect of liberty to all—injury to none—to the comfort , and happiness , ond prosperity of the country through the operation of the principles contained in the Charter of our llberileo
A great fuss has bi en made of late about ' The proteotion of life and property , ' and it is not my intention at present to inquire into the mode oi manufacture of such a number « f 1-ynl specials , nor how many of these Wore fow de COmbat through the skirmishing which I am told took place wiih the black bottle long befor ., the anticipated grand attack . I dare say if I had been forced into the same enviable plight , I might have been in . dnccd to apply to the same oource for comfort ; but what I cannot bo eanly see the necessity ., f u tho so often repeated assertion of our Innocence of any intention to injure life and property . The holders of property have all the appliances which wealth can command for its protection , in addition to which there are the soldiery and
The Movement. To Tub Editor Of The Nobti...
police wbo > e wa «« s , by the by , we pay to protect it ; an what need is there forourroitcratiOS Of innocence of a Intention of doing what Ui » as well known to the partis who raised tb . ecalo . mny as to theCnartists themselves thai so far as they were concerned , there was nothing of th kind over dreamt 8 f . The chief portion of the pwpe'j of the unenfranchised consists of their labour , which 1 filched from them by low wages , exorbitant profits an * an oppressive and grinding system of taxation , fall log as it does with unequal pressure on those who ar least able to bear it ; and all these aggressions com mitted by tho very class whose stricken oonsclencas not tremble at the bare idea of that retribution whioh nucl n system of misruleIf much longer persisted In , ia oalOU
, lated to produce , and we are told that this class is fast earning round to our views of polltic » l justice . I shall be glad to be convinced of my errjr , but I very much doubt It . There aro few men in my condition of life , who have mixed more among the middle class than 1 have—none has laboared harder of with a MOfO ktnalj feeling to convince them of the false position in whioh they are , placed , but with here and there an honourable , and I may add , a sensible exception , I have invariably found that pride and prejudice have overcome all other considerations , and they have fallen back into the rank ! of the oppressor , using all their influence to nullify our majorities and perpetuate our bondage .
It is tree that their power is fading , bat the pertinacity with which they cling to the eld regime , is manifest by tho exhibitions we have had lately ; and whilst they , a » a claai , are not only arming to crush our onward march but actually forcing all over whom they have any influence to do the game , I cannot seethe utility of assuring and re-assuring these oppreauors ef their species of an unnatural impunity , whilst they are in the actual commission of the greatest crimes known to the laws of civilised society , » i »— murdering the people by starvation , and treasonably trampling on the Constitution , by stifling the voice of complaint .
Let there be sa end to this temporising policy—let the good meuofall ranks unite for the amelioration of the sad condition of the wealth producers of this country . Let us « ho are convinced from Jong eiperience that nothing but the enactment of the People ' s Charter will effect thai Object , press forward , regardl' sb of whe may lag behind or attempt to bar onr progress . It is worse than folly to go back for the lame and blind of any class —never losing sight of our motto— ' Onward and we conquer , backward and wo fall ; ' listening not to the veice Of thoie who WOUld Offer US less than justice , in the fond hope of its leading to the consummation of oar wishes ; believe me , sir , it is but the song of the syren , that lureth but to betray .
I have no wish to create unnecessary alarm , but when I see the government acting on the fears of the timid among the privileged classes , far tho purpose of checkfnf the progress of the people towards the attainment of tbeir freedom , I think it ia my duty , as a member of a calumniated class , to tell them t !> . at if they will array themselves oa the side » f tyranny and oppression . Instead of endeavouring to remove the causes of discontent whioh they are instrumental in creating , I , for one , will not so far prostitute the natural feelings of humanity as to express a sympathy which I could not feel , should I ever live to see the fire of public indignation burst with volo & nio force upon their guilty heads , levelling all
distinction , and overwhelming alike tho tyrant oppressor and his sycophantic supporter in one common ruin ; wh lit they have the power of averting the catastrophe , and conferring a blessing on millions of their fellow creatureg by a timely recognitloa of their common right to live in the land of their birth , ond by a speedy restoration of those political immunities , whioh will secure to them the fruits of their labour , and brinj about the only state of contentment and happiness in which would be found the real protection for life and property—that is to say , the grateful affections of a happy community . I am sir , your obedient servant , H . Roo » .
The "Corrector' Corrected. To Ibb Edit0b...
THE " CORRECTOR' CORRECTED . TO IBB EDIT 0 B OP THE H 08 TH 8 BIT STAB . Sie , —The following article is quoted trom a perlodxal avowing itself the friend of the labouring classes , viz : — The Voicb or th * People , published by Charles Knight , the well known London publisher ; and as the address alluded to was written , and all the information supplied by me . approved b y a committee and carried by the late National Convention , I claim thoprivilege of saylnga few words thereon ; and as fair play is the characteristic of English honesty , I hope you will publish the estraot entire . ' THE COBBECTOH OP THE FBESS . 'We are glad to have our own errors pointed oat ta ua plainly and with temper ; we are equally glad to correct them . We are not of opinion , as some public writers appear to be , that the editor can do no wrong ; the very nature of periodical writing involves the chances of misconception nnd mis-statement . It is tlse duty of an honest public writer to make instant reparation .
'We were utterly wrong in stating in our last number that the 'table , showing the comparative mortality of different classes , ' as published by the National Convention , was ' manufactured expressly for the purpose of imposition . ' We bad looked at the population returns , at the reports of the Rsgister . General , at Porter ' s ' Progress of the Nation , ' and other statistical works , before wo ventured to express oar belief that there were no parliamentary reports or any tables , 'dividing the people into classes of gentlemen , tradesmen , and workpeople , ' It has been pointed out to us , that the reports on tha ' Sanitary Condition of tho Labouring P ^ pulation' do contain the tutorials for sach a table as that published by the National Convention , In Mr Cbadwlck ' s report of 1849 there is a section , entitled , ' Comparative Chances
of Life in different Classes of the Community . ' Mr Cnadwick caused the Mortuary Register of particular towns and districts to be examined , and also employed persons te go from house to house in certain localities ; and the remits are presented in a series of statement ! occupying many pages of the report . The table of the National Convention is founded upon a portion of these statements ; and we were not warranted , therefore , in eay . ing that the table was ' manufactured . ' Nevertheless , the table Is likely to lead to many erroneous cencluiione ; and the original data are confessedly imperfect . ' The deaths of masters , ' sa \ 8 Mr Chadwiok , ' are not carefully distinguished from the deaths of journeymen , ' How , then , can wo arrive at a correct estimate of the comparative mortality of tradesmen nud of
artisans f But the table is chiefly misleading , from its withholding half the Information whioh Ur Chadwiok furnishes—the mortality amongst the adult populatioa , Tbo great comparative mortality which the table sbowe of' workpeople and families' arises trom the fact , thai ' more than half the children of the working classes die , and only one-fifth of the children of the gentry die , before the fifth year of age . ' The reason is obvious . Infantile life is swept away at a fearful rate in crowded districts ; in ill-ventilated bouses ; in close streets with imperfect drainage ; in the miserable cellars , which are the disgrace of Llveipool and other large towes . These are the physical evils which legislation la now endeavouring to grapple with . The workpeople have been
indifferent to these evils , ultra us a better organisation of the ' Health of Towns , ' and labour would have loss need for looking about for vain and impracticable organisation to alleviate its miseries . But even as it is , when wo come to the comparative mortality of adults , we have not that startling disproportion whioh the table of the National Convention exhibits , to show that' though an Increase of wsalth has given an Increase of comforts and luxuries to a few , it has in no way tended to promote the welfare and comfort of the producers . ' We will take some other places to show ' the average age at death' of all ages , and also exhibit 'the average age at death' of adults These facts are from the report on the state of large towns , 1848 : — Liverpool . Ashton . Preston . Rochdale . Occupation . ^ — AH 77 . " aII TT . " mI 777 Age Adult Age Adlt Age Adlt Age Adult Gentlemen .. 43 68 30 5 i > 47 SI 31 68 Tradesmen . 19 48 21 50 31 51 26 4 o Workpeople IS 4 ? 16 SO 18 SO 18 49 ' We shall return to this subject when we come to the great practical question of the day—Sanitary Reform . ' The table quoted by me is taken from the reports of Mr Chadwiok—and the data used by Mr Cnadwick are the ' Mortuary Registration' and such other evidence as Mr Ctiadwick thought necessary for coming to sound conclusions . I am next charged with only stating half tho truth ; but I ask , are the facts disproved ! Let the reader ex . amine the table quoted by the author of the critique , that at all ages—that is making the estimates from births and deaths : —Gentlemen , forty-three ; workpeople , fifteen . Well , elr , do these faets prove that an increase ef wealth has brought with It an increase of welfare and comfort to tVo producers ? But it is argued that , more than half the children of the working classes die , and only one . fifth of the children of the gentry die , before tho fifth year ef age . Alas ! too true—too sad a fact ! Mr Malthus may have thought infant life of no value ; but if we analyse the causes that lead to such consequences , we shall unfold the secret ulcers that sit at the heart of the people of England ; and however reckless some men may be of infant life , it is cloar that the condition of the mother affects the condition of children , as is clearly proved , by the deaths in our Foundling Hospitals . Me . dloel men'who understand these questienshaveinformed me , that the increase of deaths of children in our Pound . Hag Hospitals , is attributable to the want of being narsed by their mothers , ae well as other causes . A physician of reputation , resident in Yorkshire , assures me , that f » ctory labour Is injurious to the health of women ; that a great numbtr of female factory la . bourers have edematous or swollen feet and ancles ' - are subject to congestion of the liver , relaxation of the ligaments of the utaus , prolapsus of that organ , abor . tlon and hoemorrbage ; and that , if any of the factory female operatives , huving swollen ancles , accidentally receive a scratch , it is almost sure to produce a deep sloughing , and ill-conditioned ulcer , if not immedi . ately attended to , and counteracted by rest from labour , iio . As this Is a subject too important for any party purposes , I beg to add the following statements : — According to Mr M'Culloch , the average rate of mor . tallty in 1780 , was one In forty annuall y ; ln 1810 , one In fifty-three ; in 1820 , one in fifty-Btv-on ; and we may add in 1833 , one ia sixty . The following is tho increase pta aanJt cf naBufactur " lag towns ,, fcom . 1801 to 1831 ;—
Manchester ... ... ... 151 Glasgow ... ....
Manchester ... ... ... 151 Glasgow ... ... ... igi Liverpool ... ... ... 133 Nottingham ,,, .... ... 175 Birmingham ... ... .,. 90 Great Britain ... „ . ... 52 At page 185 of Mr Ghadwick ' s Report , the follawto-B illustration of th » condition ef the people occurs , nbJjSS I quote from a work on my table , and which I give ( -, the words of the author , holding myself responsible fo tr Its correctness .
' In the evid-nce of recruiting officers , collected UQ ep the Factory Commission of Inquiry , it waa shown that ! fewer recruits of proper strength and stature for rriittary r service , are attainable now than harstofore from It ,,,,, cbester . I have been informed that of those labourers t now employed in tho mest important manufactorls * . whether natives or emigrants to that town , the sons who ' are employed at the same work , are generally Inferior hxi stature to their parents . Sir James M'flregor , the Dire * ., tor General ef the Army Medical Board , stated to m « t the fact , that a corps levied from the agricultural district * of Wales , or the northern ceuntlea of England , will lajfcj longer than one recrnited from the manufacturing ; towns—from Birmingham , Manehester , L eds , or Brad " ford ; indeed , so gre » t and permanent is tho deterioration ,, that out of 513 men enlisted , almost all of whom camai from Birmingham and five other nei ghbouring town * ., only 238 were approved for service . '
Yet , sir , In no district of England ba » Weal ih increase ! I so rapidly as in the manufacturing towns ; and I mns » i own that it is with feelings ol regret and grief , that I ' . mark the deterioration of our workpeople in stature ,, strength , and moials ; and whatever may be the stuff ' written or spoken about our civilisation , I tell the authors ,, that so long as the bills of mortality exhibit their sad returns , I hate their boasted , trumpery . soul-atckeningessayt about the advantages of national wealth , bo . Agaia , X deny that the people are careless abont their physical condition , and hope that I have fully vindicated the facta and reasoning of the address vf thf National Convention , and would ask the writers of the Voice or thk Peopli , to be candid as well as cautious , and ask themselves this question , ' Are we prepared to teach the doctrine , that killing is no murder !' I am , as ever , yours faithfully , SlUOEL KlDD .
To Thi Editoi 07 The Mobthebh Bt1b, Sia,...
TO THI EDITOI 07 THE MOBTHEBH BT 1 B , Sia , —The following appeal from the Chartist boiy of the NewcastIe « upon « Tyno branch on behalf of a very worthy and patriotic Individual , namely , Mr B . Embloton , Is chiefly addressed to those friends of democracy and social amelioration belonging to the counties of North * umborlandand Durham ; audit is confidently expected tbat each and all will fuel disposed to give their mite to assist so worthy an object : —
TO THE DEMOCRATS OF NORTHUMBERLAND AND DURHAM . Fbiihds , — . The werthy ofcjcct of this appeal has , by a train of circumstances over which ho had no control * become a victim to poverty aad disease , and is , at the present time , considerably abridged of those comfort * necessary lo support and keep bim in existence ; indeed , the parties who take the present opportunity of address , ing you , witnessed the poir old veteran , only last week , & woon away apparently dead , and such was the danger that the medical man who was called in , gave It as his decided opinion tbat the old gentleman ' s disorder was purely the result of toe little food , ha having for tha last twelve months been unable to get any employment , and too old to work if tbat could have been got .
Fellow-men , we feel it our duty to enlist your sym « pathy for Mr Embieton ; and our wish and desire is , that something handsome be raised for htm , inasmuch as ha has to a very great extent , worked very bard for tha good cause , and is therefore entitled to onr comnsfsere * tlon and sympathy . Trusting , then , that with as little delay as possible , each friend of the cause will forward what he can span to M . Jude . Newcastle , who has kindly consented to re * celre the same , We remain , yours , & c ,, Wm Down , M . Jcde , Tnos . Nicbolsok , Wh . Watsov .
To The Executive Of The National Charter...
TO THE EXECUTIVE OF THE NATIONAL CHARTER ASSOCIATION . ( Jskmbheh , —It wat proposed , seconded , and car . rled unanimously , at our meeting yesterday erenlag , that the secretary be instructed to write immediately to the Executive , toaisuro them of the unabated oonudonot and esteem which they individually entertain for the indefatigable persoveriBce and incorruptible integrity of Mr Feargns O'Connor , they being convinced by years of reflection , of his gentlemanly disinterestedness to valse the arlUaaj and lahowms oi Great Britain In tha social fcalo of human existence . Knowing this to be true , common gratitude compels them to step forward upon this oecasien to defend his character and intentions from unjust denunciations or vague insinuations ! They beg to remind those indlvU duals who are universal dealers In suoh like proceedings ,
that they egregiouely deceive themselves if they hava the vanity to conceive tbat their spleen or malevolence oan ia any way diminish the political reputation of tha noble individual they malign , for they are bound to Inform them that it increases that confidence whioh they vainly endeavour to destroy ; yea , that it may be a cono eolation for those declaimers , to know they unequivocally aver that the patriotic dlsinteredness of O'Connor has so Interwsven itself with the affections of a down-troddea aad insulted people , that it is morally impossible for any man or bsdy of men , to efface it ; for when the grassy mound shall point out the spot which Incloses his mouldering ashes , his naxat will , In truth , be held ia sacred veneration in the estimation of those who are yet unborn to lisp his well-earned fame .
In conclusion , they would wish to impress upon those who are so fond of denunciation ( and who have never yet substantiated the most tr'fling charge ) that w-re they to allow their actions to be guiged by reason , justice , and humanity , tho ? would have neither time nor will to decry the aetlons of another , for doing that which tbey aro bound to do , but which they inhumanly neglect , vii ,, to do good to others I ! ! Gentlemen , I have to thank you In behalf of eur little band , for your steady adherence and advocacy of universal truth and universal right , and to request that this letter may be inserted in the forthcoming Stab , that the public mind may be faithfully delineated , ia order that unsophisticated patriotism and individual worth may shine forth ia all its prUtlne beauty .
With this , gentlemen , I remain , most respectfully and unreservedly yonrs , E . Faebell , Sub . Sec , Uxbridge Chartists . 20 , UpperBell-vard , TJxhridge .
The Sevshtt-Seventh Birthday Of Robbbtow...
The Sevshtt-Seventh Birthday of RobbbtOwbk ; —On Monday , May 15 th , a tea party and soiree , waa held in the Hall of the John-street , Literary and Scientific Institution , to celebrate the principles and the seventy-seventh birthday of Robert Owen . Tka company having partaken of the cup whioh ' cheers but not inebriates , ' the overture to Zampa was performed on the organ by Miss Duther . Mr W . D . Saull baring been unanimously voted to the chair , opened the business of the evening by some very appropriate remarks . The Chartist ohaunt was then given by the choir . Mr I-aao Ironsides and Madams D'Arusmontthenspoke to the first resolution or sentiment , ' The Cause of the People , may it speedily triumph , and may the rights and interests of all be recognised and established . " We will conquer falsehood' s power , ' by the choir . Messrs Holyoake , Walter ,
Cooper , and Cramp then spoke to the toast of tha evening ; , * Robert Owen . ' ' Long may life and health be spared him , ' was then given with good effect by the choir , the company standing . Mr Watson then introduced the next sentiment . 'Tha French Republic , may it fulfil the hopes of the en * plaved millions , by realising the aspirations of the world ' s benefactors , by dispen * ini ; liberty , and tha enjoyments of life equally and universally . ' The ) ' Girondist Ohaunt' by the choir . Mrs Martin made some very appropriate remarks in support of the sentiment , and the proceedings terminated , after voting thanks to the chairman , with the 'Marseillaise Hymn . ' The Sunday evenineOrationgnf Mr Thomas Cooper , on the ' Htetory of France from the RerolU ' tion of 1789 , to the present time , ' are attended by crowded audiences .
Louohborouoh . —The Messrs Warner and Cart * wright ot" this place , offered their bands a reduction of from 3 d to 61 , who work in their mill , in consequence of the ten hours bill coming into operation . The hands struck , and about thirty of them went to Mr Skevington fur advice , who auresd to meet them at seven o ' clock in the evening which he did , giving them euch advice as he deemed suitable . Nei f , day tbey agreed to go to work at half the reduction offered . The YoRKsninEMAN calls the increase of our army and navy out-door relief for the aristocracy , without the labour teat . The paper Wills at Bitton , Gloucestershire , v ? er » on Sunday reduced to a heap of ruins by fire . The Duke of Norfolk has beea invested by her Majesty with tke knighthood ot the most noble Order of the Garter , without the usual observances with reg ard to installation .
On Friday 177 articled clerks , having passed their examination , were admitted attorneys of the Court of Queen ' s Bench . A glazier at Newport Pagnell lately found a mouse's neat in hie warehouse lined with gold , f he mice had made use of the gold leaf bo : k in making their nest . Nothing further has bees heard of the Hon . and Rev . B . C . D . F . Fairfax , who swindled the inhabitants of Rawmarch recently , whilst locum tenext for the Rector .
It is said that Lord Ilowth has netted £ 80 , 000 by the race for the Chester cup , which was won by his horse' Peep o' D * y Boy . ' ' It is a fact , ' says the Gentleman ' s GASKtrKt ( Bombay , )' that the entire populatian of India are not spending on their clothing more than sixpence per head per annum . Hertford , at a public meetin ? , presided over by the mayor , has unanimously agreed to support the new Reform movement .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), May 20, 1848, page 2, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_20051848/page/2/
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