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Jim 21, 1851. THE NORTHERN STAR,
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iSoetrg
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THE K0GL1EST KINGS. So! ye w ^° ' n a n0...
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KHUftUB
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The South of Ireland in 1850 ,• being ti...
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The History of the Jews w Great Britain....
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The Exposition of 1851, or views of the ...
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The Absconwss WirKEgsEs or St. Albans.— ...
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iristvtt.nv.
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SUke other men's shipwrecks thy sea mark...
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REATJTIFUL HA1B, WHISKEES,
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
Jim 21, 1851. The Northern Star,
Jim 21 , 1851 . THE NORTHERN STAR ,
Isoetrg
iSoetrg
The K0gl1est Kings. So! Ye W ^° ' N A N0...
THE K 0 GL 1 EST KINGS . So ! ye w ^ ° ' n 0 ^' wor ^ » . Win scorn , as flames draw air , And io the way where lions lurk , God ' s image , bravely bear ; Thou'h trouble-tried and torture-torn , The kiagiiest tings are crowned with thorn life ' s glory , l & e the bow in heaven , from the cloud
StUl springeth ; And sonl ne er soared the starry seven , But pain ' s fite-chariot rode . They ' ve battled best who ' ve boldliest borne , Thei fcingliest king 8 a *® crowned with thorn . The wartyri red crown on the brow , poth into glory burn , And tears thatfrom love ' s torn heart flow , To pearls of spirit turn , The murkiest hour is mother of morn ,
The fcingltest kings are crowned with thorn . A s beauty in death ' s cerement shrouds , And stars bt-jewei night ; God-splendour lives in dim heart-clouds , And suffering nurseth might , And dear heart-hopes in pangs are born , The Mogliest kings are crowned with thorn . Lyrics of lave , or Voices of Freedom By Gebjod Massbs .
Khuftub
KHUftUB
The South Of Ireland In 1850 ,• Being Ti...
The South of Ireland in 1850 , being tie Journot of a Tour in Leinster amd Munster . By A . G . Stake . With numerous illustrations . ' Duffy , Dublin . The object of Mr . Start ia his excursion was partly pleasure , partly to observe tho state of the peasantry , the conduct of the landlords , and the workings of the Irish Poor-law , — chiefly perhaps to collect materials for a book wtocU . should be illustrated by bis friend Mr . M . Angelo Hayea . He started from Dublin ; proceeded through Carlow , Cashel , Tipperary , Waterford , Cork and Skibbereen , to Bantry Bayhis extreme southern point ; and
re-, turned to Dublin by the way of Knlarney The excursionist adopted various modes of locomotion — r ailway , steam , public . and private car ; he often left the beaten tracK , and examined places not much visited by the common traveller ; he sometimes lingered in a neig hbourhood to inguire into its state , and the character of the gentry . He listened to all that was told him , drew his conclusions f what he saw , and tells the result without circumlocution ; in fact he may he said to he free in his aseof names , and in his remarks npon the circumstances and conduct
of tbeir owners , in their capacity of landlords and country gentlemen , resident or absentee . With the exception of a chapter devoted to the Poor-law , Mr . Stark is not systematic in his exposition of the social and economical evils of Ireland , hut he takes local facts as they turn up . Certain things , however , come out systematically , and jobbing especially The railways seem to have been deeply infected by it , and even the charitable subscriptions perverted to purposes of private profit . All have heard of Skibbereen and its sufferings : according to Mr . Stark there needed have been none , except perhaps at the outset .
I have been making some inquiries as to the man ' Ber and amount of the relief afforded to the distressed population of this town and neighbourhood during the memorable famine of 1846-7 . Here , perhaps , more than in any other part of tbe kingdom , the potato blight was felt . Skibbereen owed its chief consequence to the health and abundance of that esculent ; and ot course , when it failed , the privations of the people were proportionately severe . Potatoes were tbe principal crop reared by the fanners—potatoes created the middle aMo—potatoes paid the rack rent , and helped the heartless landlord to indulge his passions . When the root failed , therefore , the whole fabric bnilt
npon it tumbled to pieces , and the civilized world rang with the woes of Skibbereen and the neighbouring village of SchuIL And the civilized world was not deaf to the cry of agony . Contributions from every point of the compass , in money and food , front Turk and Christian , from Jew and Gentile , Gael and Saxon poured in to mitigate tbe honors of famine . At one time it was feared that humanity would give up in despair the task of earing Skibbereen . Honey sent to it seemed like oil thrown oa a fire to extinguish it . It was a vor tex that swallowed up everything . Thousands were squandered : and if venerable divines and letter writing philanthropists were to be believed
the people perished nevertheless . It has heen calculated that as much money and food was sent to Skibbereen from charitable bodies as should have fed and clothed the entire population for a twelvemonth . Par be it from me to insinuate that any one rivalled tbe licentiate in GilSfos , who made himself rich by taking care of the poor , and turned to his own use the donations intrusted to him to prevent his fellow creatures dying of the worst death known to human nature . Still some explanation is necessary , or , perhaps , in future , should Providence ever visit this country with new horrors , the fountain of charity in many a bosom will be sealed up by doubt and suspicion . The money
and food disbursed by the Belief Committee were duly accounted for , because the Government , which contributed pound for pound , insisted upon the production of a clear statement . Every penny expended by the Society of Friends was also made patent to the public . Bnt others have not been equally explicit . The Reverend Mr . Townsend , Protestant Rector , was an indefatigable collector Of money and provisions , and was eminently successful , owing to the touching appeals he made through the public journals ; yet 1 am told that he gave no Br . and Cr . accounts of his benevolent services . Some apparently well-informed persons roughly estimated the amount of money , & o ., reeeWedby the reverend gentleman as not less than
£ 14 , 000-but this , 1 ttnnB , must Be exaggerationand said that the value of his devotion and sacrifices would be greatly enhanced by a full revelation . It is all very well , they said , in distributing your own goods , to follow the Scriptural injunction ,, not let your left hand know what your right hand doeth ; bnt the rule , they think , does not hold when yon are dispensing tho donations of other people . The Catholic Clergy—whose duties during tbe crisis must have bean of the most awful kindalso received great means in cash and necessaries ; but they avow the ntmosfc eagerness to " render anjaccouutof their stewardship . " Indeed , publicity , one cannot help concluding , would answer every good purpose .
According to Mr . Stark , the Great Southern and Western Railway is a good example of jobbing at the heginning : hut landlords , we suppose , have to he propitiated everywhere , and the lavish expense in proportion to the object is national—" when nothing ' s left that ' s worth defence , we build a magazine . * ' The terminus of the Great Southern and Western Railway Company , at Sing ' s Bridge , is a stupendous illustration of the contrast we so often observe ia Irish " enterprises of great pith and moment " between splendid beginnings ana indifferent results The hugh architectural pile—beautiful in its design , and constructed with a lavish waste of the
Califomian ore , that reminds us of the building of Solomon ' s Temple—seems , with its endless succession ot offices , stores , vaults , and warehouses , to ofter accommodation , for the entire traffic of liverpool , Manchester , Birmingham , and Glasgow . Every thing—from the luxuriously-appointed boardroom of the directors , with its Morocco-covered loungers and gorgeous carpet , in which-your feet 6 Vok as on a bed ofmoa , downtothefire- « Kovel with which the begrimed stoker feeds his slave the steam-engine—is of the most costly and substantial tnalitj . While the reflectmg strangercoBtemplates all these things , which are usually" the outward aad visible siens ' . ' of lon g-established prosperity
and permanent wealth , he cannot help twnaine , that , in a country like this , which is proverbially Pfcr , and , in the opinion of many , not ripe for rau-* ay communication , if . much of the money which bad been squandered in superfluous buildings , or m the unnecessary adornment of works of utility , ' had been devoted to purposes of practical advantageeach as tha establishment of manufactures along the line , which would have fed the traffic returnsthe condition of the shareholders would not be so deplorable as it -ia now represented . The « w chosen for the erection of the magnificent terminus sems to have been unhappily selected for . the uses
« the railway , as a formidable hill has to be sursxftaiedbytne train immediately after it . starts . IWical engineers assert ; that bad the spirit of jobbing not governed the counsels of the directors , ttnch more favourable gradients could : have been obtained , by adopting , as tbe locale of the terminus , * Position nearer to St . James * * Gate , which might b » re been procured at ' a comparatively moderate ^ pense , as it only \ involved the purchase of a *»> ed street and some dilapidated tenement * : ' Had «» been done , tbe ludicrous scene which is of ^ J occurrence on the line would not have been Heat ed , as the string of carriages , in one of * bich I wai piaca ^ ^^ fte hill , at the rate of a mile per hour , I had the cariosity to put
The South Of Ireland In 1850 ,• Being Ti...
my head oat of the window , whoa I certainly was amused by an exhibition which is a remarkable feature in travelling by steam in the middle of the nineteenth century . Two porters , aimed with huge mops , preceded the snorting engine , and diligently scoured the rails , —reminding one of the Scotch fame of curling , in which the sportsman with his rush industriously sweeps away all the obstacles on the ice , and coaxes as it were the stone to a further advance . It was laughable to remark the
tangfroid with which the railway precursors flourished their mops , cleared away the dust from the rails , and then sat down to await the approach of the train , not to be cut into pieces , but to quietly get up and recommence the application of their smoothing process . As the carriages finally topped the hill , they contemplated them with a self-complacent " we-alone-did-it" sort of look , that seemed to demand the gratitude of all the passengers for having been enabled by their exertions to overcome the formidable engineering difficulty .
According to information received in a railway carriage , Queen Victoria saw the Leinster property after the manner in which the Empress Catherine saw the Crimea . " The change in the condition of the Duke ' s tenantry and peasantry must have taken place very suddenly , " I remarked , " as on the occasion of the Queen ' s visit to Carton , we were told that all went merry as a marriage bell , ' and every body was comfortable and happy . " *« Ah , sir , " said my fellow traveller , with a look of indulgent pity at my simplicity , "it would have been better if the Queen had never come to Ireland at allthan that she should have been blindfolded
, in the way she was ; and only that I am told she ia a shrewd little lady , full of intelligence , who looks under the surface of things , she must have been deceived by the state of apparent comfort which she witnessed on the only occasion when she penetrated into the interior of the country . She came down to Carton in a carriage drawn by four bloodhorses , which carried her over the country at a much quicker pace than we are now going npon this railway . The Duke had wade a wise prowsion that nothing unsightly should meet tbe royal eye during the journey ; for half-a-dozen fleet horsemen
preceded the carriage , whose business it was to falsify the old adage that * a cat may look at a king . ' Well dressed persons were allowed to remain on the road and take off their hats and cheer the Queen ; but all wandering beggars and vagrants were , without ceremony , whipped over the hedge into the fields , and compelled to remain there in obscurity until the royal train bad passed . " " Still , " 1 remarked , " her Majesty ' s heart must have been gratified at the sight of the 'bold peasantry , tbeir country's pride , ' who appeared so gaily on the lawn of Carton House . "
" Ha ! ha ! ha !"—and the fat grazier roared with laughter , like one that bad the lungs of a Stentor . " Bold peasantry , indeed ! Bo you know what , sir —it is twenty years since I was in the Theatre Royal , Dublin ; but the last time I was there I saw much more joyous peasants disporting themselves on a lawn on tbe stage in Hawkin ' s-street ; and of the two I think Mr . Calcraft is a better manager than the Dake . I was at Carton , and can tell you that no one who was not up to tbe mark in the matter of dress , no person out at the elbows , or whose locks made their appearance through the roof of his bat , was allowed to approach the Jawn . Why , the fellow who danced tbe Irish jig yon have heard
so much of , and who was dressed in a cutaway grey frieze coat , corduroy breeches , and worsted stockings and knee-buckles , was a dancing-master from Carlow ; and bis fair partner , with the short , homespun petticoat , was a bar-maid from an inn in Athy , who appeared , by particular desire , in that garb for the first time in her life , and for that day only . " "Any one for Mageney ? " roared the guard . "I am , " responded the grazier ; and my "fat friend" vanished . A portion of the volume is devoted'to an examination of several workhouses that employ their paupers , ( and from the necessity of the case , generally in handicraft or manufactures , ) as well as to a consideration of pauper labour
in connexion with its alleged particular benefits , and the general objection npon principles of political economy . The mere dogmas of political economy are not to he taken absolutely , unless they can be supported by reason . After all there are larger questions connected with a state than the laws that regulate the production of national wealth . Any one who wrote under the Poor Law system as administered before the changes introduced during the Revolutionary war , or who looks to the
object of the Elizabethan statute , must he held to advocate work hy paupers if he advo cated a Poor Law . Compulsory work for the able bodied is the very essence of the statute , as indeed the name of warehouse implies . The question requires examination upon principle . There can he no doubt , hut that if these occupants of a workhouse could be made to produce everything they require— " to keep themselves "—their labour would he purely beneficial . The rates would he reduced to the rent
of the buildings and the cost of management , while the paupers would no more interfere with the labour-market than if they had been sent to a distant country . All the food or raw materials that paupers can raise beyond the absolute cost of raising is pure gain . It is no valid objection to say that the pauper ' s labour is marketably unprofitable or unproductive ; that it costs more to keep him than be produces . Kept he most he though he does nothing : if it costs three pounds a year for his food and he produces only one pound , it is still a pound gained . There is also the use of his improvement of the land . The case of manufactures or handicraft , and
still more the makrag-up of goods—as garments , shirts , & c . —for sale out of doors , is not perhaps so easily settled . But we think that whatever the pauper uses , that he may properly produce—if he can he brought to do it . But as to articles made for sale , it is a direct interference with independent industry . The taking in work is still more open to question . From the nature of the case , it is likely to create a ruinous competition , and to make two or three paupers instead of one . But this part of the question lies deeper than workhouse work . Something is rotten in that state of society when the unwilling and the unskilled labour of paupers has a palpably injurious effect npon employment and wages .
The History Of The Jews W Great Britain....
The History of the Jews w Great Britain . By Rev . M . Mabgouowsh . Three Vols London : Bentley . TOE author of this book of course writes from the Jewish point of view , and whatever may be thought of hia skill , or the peculiar opinions entertained hy him , has succeeded—out of the abundant materials at his disposal—in making a very readable book , if not quite entitled to the appellation of a history . It would exceed
the space at our disposal to follow even an outline in fiie career of the Hebrews , eince their first introduction into this country , or to give an idea of the cruel and merciless persecutions to which they were exposed at various periods . We prefer , therefore , to extract a few passages of popular interest . ; Here is an old friend as he presented himself in the days of the Duchess Mazarine . It is curious to notice how little " The Wandering Jew " has altered since that time in his traditional
lineaments : — He says he was an officer of the Sanhedrim at tbe time that Pilate condemned Christ , and remembers every particular relating to the Apostles ; that he struck our Saviour at the time of his coming ont of the judgment hall , and was therefore condemned to live till his last coming . That be had travelled into every corner of the world : and pretends to cure diseases by a touch . He speaks several languages , and gives such a just account of past ages , that people do not know what to think of him . The two Universities sent several doctors to examine him , who with all their skill were not able to discover the least contradiction in his discourse . One very learned man spoke to him in Arabic , and he answered in the same tongue—telling him that
there was aearce a single history in tbe world that was true . The same gentleman asked him what be ' thought of Mabommed ? He answered , heknewhim very well ; that be was a man of good understandin ? bnt subject to mistakes as well as other men-p articularly in denymg that' Jesus was crucified ; " for I saw him I said he , t " nailed to the cross , with mine own eyes ! I was likewise presentat the burning of Rome , by Nero I : He said nkewise . that he saw Salaam returning from his eohquestsiu the Levant and told several particulars relatingto Solunanthe Magnificent . He affirmed , SS ; tffat he had seen Tamerlane and Bajatete ; and Shampie relation of tbe wars in the Ho > Sndf The common people gwe out that be works miracles ; but the wiser sort look upon him as an impostor . Perhaps the same individual pawned elsewhere , the Messiah , for it is singular that that
The History Of The Jews W Great Britain....
very year Shabthai Zevi , the great impostor , laid claim to the Messiahship of Israel . Among the most interesting particulars in Mr . Margoliouth ' s volumes is , the account of remarkable persons who have embraced or forsaken the religion of the Hebrews . Perhaps the most remarkable convert made to Judaism in England was Lord George Gordon—the hero of the No Popery Riots of 1780—who completed a life of religious fanaticism by public apostacy . Mr . Margoliouth has obtained from Hebrew sources some curious information about this erratic personage in Mb late years . In London : —
Lord George Gordon attended the Hamburgh Synagogue , where he was called up to the loading of the law ; and was honoured with Me Shebayraob . He presented that synagogue with £ 100 . He then went to Paris , and wrote a book against Marie Antoinette , Queen of France , which proved libellous , and subjected his lordship to imprisonment at Newgate . Whilst in prison , he was very regular in his Jewish observances ; every morning he was seen with his phylacteries between his eyes , and opposite to his heart . Every Saturday he had a public service in his room , by the aid of ten Polish Jews . He looked like a patriarch with his beautiful long
beard . His Saturday ' s bread was haked according to the manner of the Jews , his wine was Jewish , his meat was Jewish , nnd he was tbe best Jew in the congregation of Israel . On his prison wall were to be seen , first , the ten commandments , in the Hebrew language , then the bag of the Talith , or fringed garment , and of the phylacteries . The Court required him to bring bail—he brought two poor Polish Israelites as guarantees . The Court would not accept them , because of their poverty . The rich Jews would do nothing towards assisting the prisoner , for fear of a persecution . He died in 1793 of a broken heart , and was interred in the Gordon family vault .
The laying him in the famil y vault was contrary to his wish : as , to the last , he expressed the strongest desire to be buried in the sepulchres o ? the ancient people . Though proud of their noble convert , the Jews gained no advantage from his conversion ; and the balance was struck against them hy the conversion of David Bicardo , the political economist , and Sir Sampson Gideon to Christianity . There is a lengthened account in these volumes of the rise and history of the Rothschild family : —from which we extract the following story , illustrative of stock-jobbing morality , and throwing a new light on the maxim " There ' s honour among thieves " :-
—When the Hebrew financier Jived on Stamford Hill , there resided opposite to him another very wealthy dealer in stock exchange , Lucas by name . The latter returned one night very late , from a convivial party ; he observed a carriage and four standing before Rothschild ' s gate , upon which he ordered his own carriage to go out of the way , and commanded hia coachman to await in readiness his re * turn . Lucas went stealthily and watched , unobserved , the movements at Rothschild ' s gate . He did not lie long in amhnsh before he heard a patty leaving the Hebrew millionaire ' s mansion , and going towards tbe carriage . He saw Rothschild , accompanied by two muffled figures , step into the carriage , and heard the word of command , "to the
city . He followed Rothschild ' s carriage very closely . But when he reached the top of the street in which Rothschild ' s office was situated , Lucas ordered his carriage to stop , from which he stepped out , and proceeded , reeling to and fro , through the street , feigning to be mortally drunk . He made his way in the same mood , as far as Rothschild ' s office , and rnna ceremonie opened the door , to the great consternation and terror of the housekeeper , uttering sundry ejaculations , in the broken accents of Bacchus' votaries . Heedless of the affrighted housekeeper ' s remonstrances , he opened Rothschild's private office , in the same staggering attitude , and fell down flat on tho floor . Rothschild and his friends became greatly alarmed .
Efforts were made to restore and remove the wouldbe-drunkard , but Lucas was too good an actor , and was therefore in such a fit as to be unfit tohe moved hither or thither . " Should a physician be sent for ? " asked Rothschild . But the housekeeper threw some cold water into Lucas ' s face , and the patient began to breathe a little more naturally , and fell into a sound snoring sleep . He was covered over , and Rothschild and the strangers proceeded unsuspectingly to business . The strangers brought the good intelligence that the affairs in Spain were all right , respecting which the members of the exchange were , for a few days previous , very apprehensive , and the funds were therefore in a rapidly sinking condition . Tbe good news , however , could not , in the common course of despatch , be publicly known for another day . Rothschild therefore
planned to order bis brokers to . buy up , cautiously , all tbe stock that should be in the market , by twelve o ' clock the following day . He sent . for . his principal broker thus early , in order to intrust him with the important instruction . The broker was rather tardier than Rothschild ' s patience could brook ; he therefore determined to go himself . As soon as Rothschild was gone , Lucas began to recover , and by degrees was able to get up , being distracted as he said " with a violent head-ache , " and insistedin spite of the housekeeper ' s expostulations—upon going home . Hut Lucas went to his broker , and instructed him to buy up all the stock he could get by ten o ' clock the following morning . About eleven o ' clock , Lucas met Rothschild , and inquired satirically how he ( Rothschild ) was off for stock . Lucas won the day , and Rothschild is said never to have forgiven " the base , dishonest , and nefarious stratagem . "
In another place , Mr . Margoliouth speaks thus of the great " lion of his tribe '' : — Yet , with all bis hoardings , Rothschild was by no means a happy man . Dangers and assassinations seemed to haunt his imagination by day and by night , and not without grounds . Many a time , as be himself said , just before he sat down to dinner , a note would be put into his hand running thus : — "If you do not send me immediately the sum of five hundred pounds , I will blow your brains out . " He affected to despise euch threats ; they nevertheless exercised a direful effect upon the millionaire . He loaded bis pistols every night before he went to bed , and nut them beside him . He did not think
himself more secure in his counting-house than he did in his bed . * * It must be moreover confessed that the members of the synagogue generally did not entertain the same respect for him as the foreign Jews do for the Rothschilds of Frankfort . Some thought he might have done more for bis brethren than he did , and that if he had only used tbe influence which he possessed with government , and the many friends which he had at Court , all the civil disabilities with which tho British Jews continued to be stigmatised would have been abolished , when tbe proposition was first mooted . " Bnt Rothschild , " said an intelligent English Jew to the writer , " was too great a slave to his money , and all other slavery was counted liberty in his sight . "
The Exposition Of 1851, Or Views Of The ...
The Exposition of 1851 , or views of the Industry , the Science , and the Government of England . By C . Babbage , Esq . Murray . The able and practical author of this work on the great event of the year ,-has made it a peg on which to hang discussions on almost every variety of topic . Many of them have but slight relation to tbe chief subject , but as incidental to , and arising ont of it ; they possess great and living interest , not only from their own intrinsic merits hut the style in which they are treated . In our extracts wo shall confine
ourselves to such as have reference to the Exhibition itself . Mr . Babbage thinks that two great errors were committed hy the Koyal Commission . Tho first , in the selection of the site , and the second , in not permitting exhibitors to affix prices to their articles . He would have preferred the part of the Park next to Park-lane , which he calculates would have saved many miles either of walking or driving to those from the eastern part of London . That , however , is mere matter of
opinion ; but the argument to prices has more weight , and we believe we are right in saying that the Royal Commission abandoned their original intention of allowing prices to be affixed to goods only at the instance of a powerful body of exhibitors themselves , who expressed their dislike to that regulation through the local committees . Theiollowing illustration of the minute circumstances , which will sometimes influence a purchaser in his choice of an article or of a shop , will commend itself to most readers .
Let hs suppose that a lady having' some leisure goes out in search of a fan . She passes several shop ' s in which they mayor may not be-kept for sale . - She sees some fans in ashopiwindow , but as they . are « bt oped she passes-on , intending to return to them if she cannot suit herself , elsewhere . A few doors beyond there are some fans ' open } but none of them exactly suit her taste ; ' and she floes-riot like to give the owner of the shop the trouble of opening a number of fans , none of which may please her . la the next street she sees iu the window of a shop some fans , which are open , One of these appears to suit her . but there is no
The Exposition Of 1851, Or Views Of The ...
Son "Sft . ^ doeBnofclike t <> go mto ' th . subtle fanff ? mm miaatelr Aether the ^ nV ^ " ^ 8 he " ^^ 3 has sufficient be ^ iSiiGW "U ™™ trials , lest it beyond"Sta S" * T ' A 8 bork di 8 tance SveVtohm-X set of ^ «^ fans presen t themeaTofthZ «\ T- ! - window of an ° «><* shop , f cYJT ^ *? P rice d ^ tinetly marked upon Utile to tlfe u ° tf ^ W lad , prefers , a sovestoenL > f- , e had approved / and she re-Sfi ? " ^ examine the faD - But dinner S t ° „ ' 8 h < 5 thinks the raistre 3 S ^ *» <* Jivs to hor 8 fi ° f " . T , ? ta'r / t 0 the bab * ' andshG nKtuKer noW ! % ft ^^ ence-I nil findsa shnnih ? . * ? tl ! 1 P osing onward , she f « , . ? tS . J wmdow of which is a pretty Shhfi W ^ * rt 80 K ° od as the ] ast . 3 » d * i £ ? 08 shopkeeper-butthe door is
. . W- * ^ ¦ S . j u ? oor , boen ° P - tbeladv would S Q £ ' . ] > ou |{ h the 4 was not the most 1 » I in h « Si f 6 8 e 6 n - h « that the e * ? cloluv Wmd 0 W , Were 8 amPies of classes kept ments removed : a fan that will nearly suit her lies Kan £ ir mdow , ' 'h its price clearly marked , wJw ? « V theah ° P' ™* the door Is hospitably open . She enters and examines it , and finding it well made , asks whether there are others of ( hi same class of patteru ; to which the reply is , that it IS the only one remaining . Upon this she purchases the fan , although had she entered several oi the tormer shops she might have found fans both more exactly suited to her taste and at a less price . The marking has decided her choice .
Within the Crystal Palace itself , Mr . Babbage shows how far the absence of marked prices tends in his view to diminish the usefulness of the collection . — Another class , small indeed in number , but important from its functions , suffers the greatest inconvenience from the absence of price . Those engaged in studying the commercial and economical relations _ of various manufactures , either for the gratification of their own tastes or for the instruction of the public , are entirely deprived of the most important element of their reasonings . If every article had its price affixed , many relations would strike the eye of an experienced observer which might lead him to further inquiriesand probably
, to the most interesting results . Hut it is quite impossible for him to write to any considerable portion of 15 , 000 expositors for their list of prices , or even to go round and ask for it in the building itself . Price in many cases offers at once a verification of the truth of other statements . Thus , to a person conversant with the subjects , the low price of an article might prove that it had been manufactured in some mode entirely different from that usually practised . This would lead to an examination of it , in order to discover the improved process . The price ol an article compared with its weight might prove that the metal of which it is made could not be genuine . The price of a woven fabric , added to a knowledge of its breadth and substance , even without its weight , might in many
oases effectually disprove the statement of its being entirely made of wool , or hair , or flux , or silk , as the case might be . The exchange of commodities between those to whom such exchanges may be desirable being the great and ultimate object of the Exposition , every circumstance that can give publicity to the things exhibited should be most carefully attended to . The price in money is the most important element in every bargain ; to omit it , is not less absurd than to represent a tragedy without its hero , or to paint a portrait without a nose . It commits a double error ; for it withholds the only test by which the comparative value of things can be known , and it puts aside the greatest of all interests , that of the consumer , in order to favour a small and particular class—the middle-men .
On the subject of prizes Mr . Babbage has some very excellent suggestions ; which if tbe plan of keeping the Exhibition permanently open as an universal gallery of art and produce shall be realised , will be found worthy of full consideration by those who will succeed to its management . For example , he says : — One of the inventions most important to a class of highly skilled workman ( engineers ) would be a small motive power , — ranging , perhaps , from the force of half a man to that of two horses , which might commence as well as cease its action at a moment ' s notice , require no expense of time for its management , and be of moderate price both in original cost and in daily expense . A small steam engine does not fulfil these conditions . In a town
where water is supplied at high pressure , a cylinder and a portion of apparatus similar to that of a high-pressure engine would fully answer tho conditions , if the water could be supplied at a moderate price . Such a source of power would in many cases be invaluable to men just rising from the class of journeyman to that of master . It might also be of great use to many small masters in various trades . If the cost per day were even somewhat greater than that of steam for an equal extent of power , it would yet be on the whole mnch cheaper , because it would neaer . consumepower witiiout doing work . ¦ It might be applied to small planing and drilling machines , to lathes , to grindstones , grinding mill
s , mangling , and to a great variety of other purposes . In all large workshops a separate tool or rather machine , is . used for each process , and this contributes to the economy of the produce . But many masters in a smalt way are unable to afford such an expense , not having sufficient work for tbe full employment of any one machine . Of this class are many jobbing masters who live by repairing machines . Such also are that class of masters who make models of the inventions of others and carry out for them their mechanical speculations . To these two classes that of amateur engineers may be added . The lathe with its sliding rest is tbe basis of their Stock . With this they earn drill , and with the addition of a few wheels can cut screws . The further
addition of a vertical shuo will enable them to plane small pieces of metal by means of facing cutters on the mandril . By other additions the teeth of wheels may also be cut , and in some rare cases a lathe may be converted into a small planing machine . The loss of time in making the changes necessary to enable the lathe to fulfil all these different functions , necessarily confines its use to the peculiar classes alluded to above ; but to make these changes is often less expensive than to be obliged continually to send to larger workshops where the heavier portion of their work can be executed .
It would certainly be desirable , if some good plan cannot be devised for bringing the whole of such operations within the reach of one machine of moderate price , that at least a system should be devised for combining them in two separate machines . Some readers may possibly think such combinations as have been mentioned too minute and special for the subject of a prize ; but when it is considered that they bear upon the interests of one of tbe best classes of workmen , and how important it is for the welfare of the community that skill , industry , and intelligence should be assisted in their efforts to rise in the social scale , these details will be excused .
In making known and meeting practical wants of this kind we expect to find one of the heat material results of the Exhibition . As we have said , there are many other subjects dwelt on more or less by Mr . Babbage in this volume ; and-every student of theoretic or practical science will find hints and suggestions of value in its pages .
The Absconwss Wirkegses Or St. Albans.— ...
The Absconwss WirKEgsEs or St . Albans . — Captain B . A . Gossetfc , the assistant serjeant-atarms of the House , of Commons , has reported to Lord Charles Russell , the serjeant-at-arms , that , in compliance with his lordship ' s directions , he proceeded last month to Boulogne , to endeavour to obtain information respecting the witnesses in the St . Alban ' soase , ' who had absconded . On his arrival at Boulogne he waited on the British consul , who accompained him to the police and passport offices . From the official books he there learned that George Sealey Waggett was lodging at No . 52 , Rue de l'flopital , and that James Skegg and Thos . Birchmore were at a small public-house on the port , called the Anchor and Hope , and that the only
other lodger there was a Mr . Frederick Edwards , aged twenty-six . He also learned that John Hayward had been at the flotel des Bains for two nights , but had left for Paris about ten days before . He desired Inspector Beckerson ( the officer , employed to watch the parties at Boulogne ) to call on Waggett , which he did , and gave him a copy of the proclamation offering a reward for his apprehension ; After reading it Waggett said he certainly should not return to England , as he understood the Speaker ' s warrant was of no avail at Boulogne , and thought of moving . to some plaoe in the interior of France if he could obtain a passport . Waggett further stated that he was not aware of Skegg and Birchmore . being at Boulogne , but that he had seen Hayward , who had gone to the Paris races , and had not returned . The inspector observed that he
must nayo oeen at considerable , expense in coming from England ' and remaining in a foreign place , to which he replied , that he bad ; been as yet " living on a small-income of his own , but he was getting very short of money , and they must send him some without delay . 'I He then seemed to think he had said toomuoh , and changed the , subject of conversation . With reference to , Skegg and Birchmore , ho had been made aware that it-would be very difficult to secure an interview . with them at their hotel . ; He therefore made a point , of meeting them on the Sands , where they took daily exercise , and endeavoured to enter into conversation with thorn , but it was of no avail . Captain Gossett , in conclusion , states that the police authorities at Bou logne have been most active in watching the parties , and had afforded every information .
Iristvtt.Nv.
iristvtt . nv .
Suke Other Men's Shipwrecks Thy Sea Mark...
SUke other men ' s shipwrecks thy sea marks . Troubles are like dogs—the smaller they are , ths more they annoy you . The new planet has received the name of Irene , from the Greek word Eirene , signifying Peace . Coss . —What would be likely to give the best report of a fire ?—A powder magazine . Why is tbe street door like a barrel of beer . '—Because it ' s frequently tapped . Why is London milk like . a Bank of England note ?
—Because it is not current without the water-mark . When does a barber treat certain letters of the alphabet with severity ?—When he ties up queues ( Q s ) and puts toupees two ( P ' s ) in irons . Improvements in Bricks . —An improvement recently adopted in the formation of bricks is to shape them so that they dovetail . By this means great strength is obtained . More Bibles . —It . appears that the recent Papal excitement has had the effect of increasing the funds of the Bible Society by £ 12 , 000 .
British asd Irish Produce . —The declared value of British and Irish produce and manufactures exportedfrom London in 1850 was £ 14 , 137 , 527 . Saint s Day . —It is calculated that each of the numerous saints' days kept by the honest labourers ot ponr Spain costs the community £ 100 , 000 . » f » Good . —The righteous penalty inflicted by Mr . Harowicke ou an officer of the Coldstream fauards , has been wittily called " Justice throwing a Progression . —A centuiy ago the amount expended , in books , periodicals , and newspapers , did not exceed £ 100 , 000 a year , whereas the sum now so expended annually is calculated at £ 2100000
,,. A Request Compued With . — "Tom , tell the biggest he you ever told , and I'll give you a glass of stout . - " A lie ! I never told a lie in my life . "" Draw the stout , boy . " Happiness . —The fruit of falsehood is folly ; the end of folly is ruin . The fruit of truth is wisdom ; the end of truth is happiness . A nation ' s true happiness , therefore , rests on wisdom . Ccrran . —Some one asking Mr . Curran why a countryman of his walked about London with hia tongue out of his mouth , he said that he " supposed Kn # ]( rl n » 11 Un * . < a ik « -J . ^ 1 . it . _ XH 1 * 1 . it he did in hoto catch the accent
so pe English . " Very Tempting . —An aged Quakeress , the other afternoon , was seen intently gazing upon a piece of brocaded silk , displayed in a linendraper ' s shop in Fleet-street . A cockney pasaer-by observed ) that it was Satin tempting Eve . A Buddist . —The Colombo Observer ( Ceylon ) records the case of a Buddist who lately committed suicide , " hoping in the next birth to assume the shape of some animal , and thereby to be enabled to torment another person with whom he had quarrelled V ¦
Doctors , —That was a "bit of a wag" who said , "When my wife was very sick , I called an Allopathic physician ; she got no better . I then called an homoeopathic , and she ' mended a little . ' One day he broke his leg , and couldn ' t come at all ; then she got well !" Motives . —The true motives of our actions , like the real pipes of an organ , are usually concealed ; but the guilded and the hollow pretext is pompously placed in front of the show . Goon Advjcb . —One day the philosopher Bias found himself in the same vessel with a crowd of sorry scoundrels . A tempest oame on ; and instantly the whole band began te invoke the succour ot their gods . " Be quiet , you wretches ! " said thesa » e ; "if the gods perceive that you are here we are tost !"
A wtta percha tube has been placed in a colliery in Wales , having a shaft 400 feet deep , whereby a whisper , either from the bottom or top , is instantly heard : a whistle calls attention , and then follows the message . A great source of mischief will be thus abolished by the use of this safe and expeditious mode of communication . NovBii Invention . —Tho Lancaster Gazette describes an invention for lighting up turret clock faces with gas lights , on a principle which is perfectly selfregulating . The clock lights itself at the proper hour , namely , at sunset each night , and extinguishes itself at sunrise each morning , and follows the sitting aud rising of the sun from the shortest to the longest day , and again from the longest to the shortest day , with only a half-yearly adjustment .
A Useful Hint . —A , plain-spoken woman lately visited a married woaan and said to her , " How do you contrive to amuse yourself ?"— " 4 muse , " said the other , starting ; " do you know I have my housework to do ?"— "Yes , " was the answer , " I see you have it to do ; but as it is never done , 1 conclude you must have some other way of passing your time . "
LIGHTENING THE SHIP . It blew a bard storm , and in utmost confusion , The saitorsall hurried to get absolution ; Which done , and the weight of their sins they'd confess'd , Were transferr'd ( as they thought ) from themselves to tbe priest ; To lighten tbe ship and conclude their devotion , They toss'd the poor parson souse into the ocean ! Joint Literary Labour . —When tbe committee of the French Academy were emplryed in preparing the well known Academy Dictionary , Cuvier , the
celebrated naturalist , came one day into the room where they were holding a session . "Glad to see you , M . Cuvier , " said one of the forty ; "we have just decided a definition which we think quite satisfactory , but on which we should like , to have your opinion . We have been denning the word Crab , and have explained it thos : —Crab , a small red Bsh which walks backwards , " " Perfect , gentlemen , " said Cuvier ; " only , if you will give me leave , I will make one small observation in natural history . The crab is not a fish , it is not red , and it does not walk backwards . With these exceptions , your definition is excellent . "
WSIGHT OF THE BELLS IN ExETER CaTHBDRAL . — In the South Tower are eleven bells , ten of which are rung in peal , being the largest and heaviest set in the kingdom , the tenor weighing 2 , 000 lbs . heavier than any other of that denomination in England . The weights are as follows : — Grandison ( Tenor ) 7 , 522 lbs . Stafford ,.. 5 , 250 Old Nineo ' Clock 4 , 300 Cobthorne 3 , 400 Doombell 2 , 350
Pox 1 , 700 Fourth Bell on the ten 1 , 400 Pougamouth ( not rung in peal often ] 1 , 250 Third Bell on the ten 1 , 150 Second Bell on the tea 1 , 100 Treble Bell 1 , 000 In the North Tower is the Great Bell , weighing 12 , 500 lbs ,, on which the dock strikes : it was formerly rung by tbe united exertions of twenty-four men , and its deep sonorous tone was heard at the distance of many miles —T . G , B .
The Summer of 1851 . —A journal published at Potsdam gives the following predictions , drawn , says the writer , from observations made on natural occurrences : — " The summer of 1851 will be as warm as that of 1811 , and will consequently surpass in heat the seasons of 1722 . 1831 , and 1832 ; for , firstly , the years 1840 and 1 S 50 correspond exactly hy tbeir temperature with those of 1810 , 1821 , and 1833 , and with those of 1840 and 1841 as regards wet and floods ; secondly , the winter of 1850 resembles those of 1810 -1811 , 1821-1822 , 1833-1834 , and 1841 , for the mildness of the temperature and other peculiarities ; thirdly , that the summers which we have just mentioned were preceded , as in the present year , by shocks of earthquaKe . "
Caro PiiAyino applied to Naumcm . Purposes . —A captain well known in tbe merchant service , in consequence of tbe scarcity of sailors , had to take green hands , or landsmen . Finding it impossible to teadh them the " ropes" of his ship , and fearing a storm , he adopted ' the following plan for their instruction . Calling his crew to the quarter deck , he asked them if they could play cards , and receiving an affirmative answer from them , he immediately took a pack of cards and placed them on the principal rope—the ace on one , the king on another , & o . When the gale came he gave orders to haul" taut" on the jack of diamonds , overhaul the ace of spades , let go tbe ten of clubs , cast off the duece of hearts , & c , and in three days he asserts he had as good a working crew as any captain need wish for .
The AutHoairas at FMH / t . —Whtn Professor Marjolin , a celebrated French surgeon , commenced life he was extremely poor—so much to , that he was unable to pay the rent of a wretched dissecting room which he had hired . On the expiration of the first quarter , the bailiff's were sent in to seize for non-payment of rent . ;; Marjolin received them with great courtesy , and dwelling in pompsus terms on the fragments of decomposing mortality which composed his whole stock in trade , encouraged the law-limbs to " seize his effects , " At the same time he reminded the authorities , that they were bound to preserve the said effects for a month " without degradation or injury , and to return them on offer of payment in the same state as when seized . " It is unnecessary to say that the conditions were declined , and Marjolin allowed to continue for . a few quarters more , until
brighter days shone . The great surgeon used to tell this story himself with infinite glee . —Medical Tvmti , Thb New York Picayune has a story about a lawyer and a client . The latter had been arraigned for stealing a set of silver spoons . The articles were found upon the culprit , aud there was no use in attempting to deny the charge . - The counsel seeing no escape except on the plea of insanity or idiotcy , - instructed the fellow to puton as silly a look as possible , and when any question was put to him , to utter , in a drawling manner , the word " . spoons . " , .. If successful the fee was to be twenty dollars . The man did so , and was told to go about his business as a foul . When they had got into the hall the counsel tapped his client on the shoulder , saying , " Now , my good fellow , that twenty dollars . The rogue looked the lawyer full in tbe face , and putting on a grotesque and silly expression , and winking with bis e . ves , exclaimed , " Spoons t" and than made tracks .
Reatjtiful Ha1b, Whiskees,
REATJTIFUL HA 1 B , WHISKEES ,
Ad00314
PA ?> te , g . V ? rJ ^ maU Po « ' ° n of ROSALIE COUL'ELLE'S nv in . J OMAUE , every mornh >| f , instead of any oil « tani « 5 rcpa ^ ti 0 ,, / A fortnight's use will , in most incarlhww 57 « " ? risi !) if properties in producing and ¦ SSflSSJ ?"* - ¥ r ' *« -. "tany age , 11-om whatever ¦ SS ifuSmLVf , '? ° *«* taBllwjn £ s io . Forchtthca 7 ofh ^ rr . !! l , \ l ^ orminK tluJ b ; , sis ° f « bennt « tal SSmmw p ™ « ? r , n r tl , e use oF «»« smi '" « omb «« - U . m . 1 y ' f ? . ° " . « ho liarc been utceive . ) hi ridiuunever togvT mwm I " l , a , tttion . « Mch they will Price & per pot , sem post free with instructions , 4 c . 1 W ,, , ''"" t y . -feur stamps , by Madame COUPELLE , JSly . |) lace , llolboin , London . IxroRTAST A' orioa—lVoiie is genuii . e unless the signature ' Kosaue Coopeixe , ' is in white letters ou a red pround on the stamp round each imcltnge of her preparations . TESTiMOSlALS , the originals of which , with many othera , may ho seen at the establishment .. .
Ad00315
Beware of Guinea , Foreign-named Quacks , who Imitate this Advertisement . Pains in the Back , Gravel , Lumbago , Rheumatism , Gout , Indigestion , Debility , Gonorrhoea , Stricturt , Qleet , die . DB . BARKER'S PURJFIC PILLS ( of which there are useless imitations under other titles ) have in many instances effected a cure wheu att other means had failed , and are now established , by the consent of every patient who has yet tried them , as also by the facults tukmselves , ns tbe most safe and efficacious remedy ever discovered for discharges of any kind , retention of the urine , and diseases of the Kidneys and Urinary Organs genovaUy , vjhttiher mulling from imprudence or otherwise , which , if neglected , frequently ending in stone in the bladder , and a lingering death 5 For , Gout , Sciatica , Rheumatism , Tic Doloreux , Erysipelas , Scrofula of Hair
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), June 21, 1851, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_21061851/page/3/
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