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TO THE TRADES' DELEGATES ABOUT TO ASSEMBLE IN LONDON.
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AND NATIONAL TRADES' JOURNAL.
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VOL. VIII. NO. 384. LONDON. SATURDAY, MA...
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UNITED STATES. Liverpool, Monday Morning...
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Fomcne-Teuuxg.—At the Borough Court, Man...
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JLbabes' Conference. — The Preliminary. ...
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Loxdon.—City Hall, Turnaoaik-lanb.—A mee...
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EASTER HOLIDAYS.
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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To The Trades' Delegates About To Assemble In London.
TO THE TRADES' DELEGATES ABOUT TO ASSEMBLE IN LONDON .
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GEsnsMEK . -It Trill not require many words to convince youof the delight that I fed at the course * . i ~ j «„ ufoDtins ft » r the adjustment , wuhave resolved on adop «»» _ •> J ^ tion , and maintenance of your rights I have l £ * 2 * l for vour order , without having ^ on the contrary , my exertions in your behalf £££ »* £ thwarted than aided by you : and * et neither lufcewannness on your part , nor disaphasinduced to desist from the
Latment on mine , me jSrecacy of jour cause . Believe me , gentlemen , that however yon might have hoped t » sustain a position of comparative comfort , that the day has arrived when yon vrill be called on to doforyourgefc-es those things which you vainly relied upon © there to do for you . The conductors of the Northern Star newspaper have , at all times , abstained from irixing up the " extreme principles" of that paper Tfifli the movements of the Trades body : but they have as constantly placed before you the impossibility of achieving your rights by any sectional movement .
it all times the power that you possess , if systematise organised and properly directed , was capable of achieving for you every comfort and advantage that ton were entitled to . Foolish and petulant quarrels amongst yourselves have , however , from time to lime , frustrated every sectional attempt made by the several sections of your order . The moment that ton overcome those internal differencesand injurious dissensions , that moment will you , as if by magic , achieve for yourselves a correct representation of tout reformed condition .
It is an undeniable fact that the very existence of a Government is prima facw proof of popular approval ; and the feet of so powerful a body never before having taken cognisance of our representative system , proves that y < m , at all events , were satisfied With its workings . I sax aware that my opening will lead you to the conclusion that lam going to force jay own political views upon jour consideration ; but Jamnotgolng todoanysnclithing . What I desire to do is simply to point ont the means at your disposal jor ensur ing justice for yourselves . The recent attacks that have been made upon ' your order by the
Chambers ' s of Edinburgh , the writers in the Edin IvrahRtvicw , and the sly-pokes that have been made at «« i * by persons professing to be your "friends , " must Jure convinced yon that , apart from the power which the law gives them to oppress , the masters have reeved on acting upon the new philosophy propounded tj thoscparties—to support every proposition tending te " tree trade " in the hope , nay , with the certainty , of upholding profits by reduction of wages . This is the great bone of contention between " the employer and the employed . " Mystify the question of "free trade" as they may , I tell yon that every step jaken in the direction of the reduction of produce must be followed by a large reduction in the price of
that labour which produces the manufactured article . And further , that the cotemporaneous reduction in the prices of all consumable articles will not he anything like an equivalent for the redactions that flic "free trade" masters will make in your wages . Xon cannot be so stolid or ignorant as not to fcnow and understand that all the capital in the world jg made by labour ; and that , as a matter of course , those who have the command of the labour market willniakeit as " profitable" as possible to themselves The paramount consideration with the labouring classes therefore should be how to rid themselves , as speedily as possible , of that anomalous confront which subjects them , without colour of law . to the tftprite of those who choose to employ them .
So political change that the mind of man could Revise—not even the People's Chameb . itself , could relieve yon from your present condition , and the « orse that threatens you , so long as tie Taboiir-eom pititive system exists . 2 fo master acts upon feelingsof humanity or justice : aU act upon the principle of selfinterest . I don't mean that there are not some humane and just ; but what I do mean is , that where those exceptions do occur , they are so few as not to weigh much in the balance against the general evil . Tfonr want of combination and proper understanding has considerably augmented the power in the masters ' hands , and to relieve yourselves of it should be your primary object . And in order to direct your minds to the means hy which it is to be effected , let me CB « 3 £ *'> v £ - ' ! . ••¦»« *] to y } T »*« 8 i"n <" . f Oha / nbcrs b «» fT
jon . He S'Jisits shit if fifty ol a thousand in any tni 3 e Buc ^ employed , the rate at which those fifty ate tilling to work UVBT EiEVHABLT ESTABLISH THE STAXDABD WAGES of the remaining 950 . I told you the same thing seven years before Chambers published it ; and , being strengthened by this later authority , I a = c the assertion as a truism . It is not the price that tan be procured for the produce of the 950 that regulates the amount of their wages ; it is the competition of the miemploycd fifty which establishes the standard of wages for all ; and when the 950 can agree among themselves , eider so to restrict the hours of labour , 01 tit admit tki MMMhLuj fifty to a partici pation of u / c-ri , or support these in idleness , ok set them to bosk o . vtub issD , ratherthanadmittheircompetition , ires , bct soi nu thex , will the whole body be tiPAEtK OF EXERCISING C 0 KTB 0 E 1 OVER THE CAPRICE
« ff THEIR 1 USTEBS . Xow , these are purely Trades questions—social questions — knife-and-fork questions — bread-andtheesc questions , and not political questions : questions which , if you had the People ' s Charter to-mor-M « f , and relied upon your heretofore principles of action , yon could not adjust : and you never axn adjast them until you either transport the vnivilHng Wirt from the land , or do that which is easier , theaper , more just , and much more
beneficialtocAiE tkeu os the iakb . If fifty of one trade are driven from their usual avocation , ihey naturally seek Employment at some other work ; and by competition , they consequently lead to the reduction of * ages in the new field of employment . A man who is not wanted as aBlock-printer , or a Cotton spinner , will , if those markets are overstocked , offer himself for a light porter , or warehouseman , or any other * ork : and he can only ensure employment by underbiddingthose who are employedin the market where he competes .
Toprovide , then , for the system-made idlers , and to confine aU the trade necessary to be performed to the exact number of hands required for its due execution , is the one , the great question , to which you amst turn your attention . You cannot preserve your foshson as a national body , nor protect any individual trade from the incursion of strangers , by any ether means than by opening such a field as will take Ihem from the competitive reserve altogether . If a Carpenter is idle , and Tailors are at good work , the Carpenter cannot turn Tailor : neither will the society of Tailors feel the obligation of supporting him . So with all other trades : the surplus of each trade must either be supported by those of his own i » de that are employed—must compete with those Tftioseworkhecan undertake—or he must go to the
pwr-housc , or starve . Thus I show you that the questwo of " surplus" is one difficult to be dealt with h f individual trades ; while it is the only one in * he settlement of which the whole body have an invisible , inseparable , and complete interest—and for the adjustment of which they can all agree ; and hy tLe settlementof whichthey would all be equally benefitted . The Carpenter cannotturn Tailor—theTailor Cannoitura Blacksmith—the Blacksmith cannot torn Bock- printer—the Block-printer cannot turn Silk-* eatcr : ha one and all can return from an artificial - a natural itatf , and ax become ctaJivATOBS or to * sou .: and that , too , without in any respect ^ posing the continuous hardship of supporting them 0 , 11 o ? ae earnings of those at work . The land is nature ' s field and man ' s inheritance . It is the
a ^ ket that cannot be overstocked . It is the raw ^ r ial that cannot be overworked . Its surplus is * thing that never can be rendered valueless . It is * - * refuse , —the wholesome , the sure , the healthy . ^ dependent refuge , —for every man who is dee ^ cncc by the caprice of those under whoso J" ? he > Placed . I have no hesitation in assert . fc tat ^ * conanittea » appointed by Conference * & ss the Btett ^ wuaaeration , it may be J ^ T ^ themfte perfectfaeflity with which Htfiraaes 0 f Eng ^ ^ emancipate themselves 7 ™ CTeiy grievance of which they complain . ¦ m"L tt a ** J « r fern thai date , otrjkm " ** « s poken of as foolish things that «* oceans rjefore the Trade * had braina ; **** competition for labour was tolerated ,
Gesnsmek . -It Trill Not Require Many Wo...
before men learned that they were neither born Blacksmiths , Carpenters , or Masons ; when the astounding anomaly existed that those who produced all the wealth of the country lived in comparative beggary , while those who employed them were straining every thought to seek " markets" for the investment of their profits . Should you deem this subject , —now becoming interesting to all classes of society , —worthy your consideration , I invite you to the task , believing that the
more the subject is discussed the more certain it is to force itself into general notice , and the practice into universal adoption . 'With the assistance of the poor man's friend , Mr . Roberts , you may be prepared to submit a La . \ t > Pian for the salvation of the Working Classes generally , that would receive such an amount of support , even from the prejudiced , as would change the whole face of societ y , and substitute a system under which all could live and prosper , for that under which the Home Secretary informs us " one-tenth of the population has been pauperised . " I am , Gentlemen , your faithful servant , Feargbs O'Cosnor .
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And National Trades' Journal.
AND NATIONAL TRADES' JOURNAL .
Vol. Viii. No. 384. London. Saturday, Ma...
VOL . VIII . NO . 384 . LONDON . SATURDAY , MARCH 22 , 1845 . ^ JBffLgg ^ jL ^ T
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United States. Liverpool, Monday Morning...
UNITED STATES . Liverpool , Monday Morning , March 17 th . » -At an early hour this morning the steam-ship Hibernia arrived in the Mersey , after encountering a series of unremitting easterly gales from the day of her departure from the other side . Congress . —The proceedings of Congress do not appear to have been of much importance , no action having been made by the Senate on the Texan Annexation Bill , Congress was to close its sittings on the evening of the 3 rd instant , and it is certain that if the Senate comes to any vote it will be one adverse to the annexation . On the 26 th ult ., the House of Representatives passed a new Post-office Bill , and which is pretty sure to go through the Senate before
the close of the session , so as to come into operation in July . It establishes a rate of postage of five cents , for 300 miles and under , and ten cents , for greater distances . Mr . Archer , from the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations , to which was referred the joint resolutions to annex Texas as they passed the house , has made a strong report against their passage in the Senate . The President has transmitted to Congress a message on the Slave Trade . The President has also transmitted a message on the Oregon question , which shows tbat the negociations between the Governments of England and the States on this subject are still proceeding . Mr . Polk , the new President elect , has arrived at Washington . He was to deliver his inaugural address on the 4 th , so that our next arrival may be expected to furnish this all-important document .
Seven Lives Lost . —A Steam-boat Burnt . —The steam-boat Pathfinder , Captain Moses , from Yazoo , Mississippi , with a cargo of 1481 bales of cotton , was destroyed by fire on the Mississippi river , near Natchez , on the 8 th ult ., about two o ' clock in the morning . The scene among the passengers is described as having been painfully terrific . Several of the crew commenced throwing cotton bales overboard , and many saved themselves on bales , and others on planks , chairs , « fec . There are seven lives lost , that are known of , and doubtless others that the officers or crew do not miss . Mrs . Fleming , wife of one of the pilots , the only female on board , except the chambermaid and a negro woman , was saved in one of the yawls , with many others . The fire originated between the engines , from what cause is not known . The whole cargo of 1481 bales of cotton is a loss , the whole catastrophe having taken place near the middle of the river . The crew and the
surviving passengers were brought to Natchez by the steamer Wave . The still burning hull was met ten miles below Rodney .
MEXICO . SaXTA Anna . — We have later Mexican news , the dates from "Vera Cruz being as late as the 4 th of February . Santa Anna was still a prisoner in the castle of Perote , whence he had written to the Congress , l-ejgin ? Abjectly for life and pardon . It has been .. ictiued to iry him for malpractices in Jus Jate capacity of Commander-in-Chief , or President , and not as a traitor , which indicates that some milder course will be pursued towards him than what had been predicted from the fury of the people generally . This clemency appears to have emanated from the two Chambers of Congress . The Government has
decided to try by court-martial all the officers who obeyed the orders of Santa Anna after the election of General Harrera as President of the republic . They have already been displaced from their command . The effects belonging to Santa Anna , at his residence of Magna de Clavo , have been seized by the authorities of the department of Vera Cruz , and removed to that city for sale . The city of Mexico was quiet , and everything pi-oceeding in its usual manner . On the morning of the 13 th ult . the cannons announced to the inhabitants the raising of the state of siege to which they had been subjected durin < r the late troubles .
CENTRAL AMERICA . More Revolutions . —The brig Ursula , from St . Juan de Nicaragua , brings the following interesting letter on the affairs of that country : — " San Juan de Nicaragua , Jan . 4 . —I write to you a few lines respecting the state of affairs in Central America . The States of Guatemala , San Salvado , and Honduras , have all come ont and declared in favour of a central federation again ; and have marched all their troops into the State of Nicaragua to compel her to join in this movement . All the great towns in this State , such as Granada , Nisaragua , Masaga , Segovia , and others , with the exception of the seat of Government ( Leon ) , have also declared in favour of a central republic . In consequence , they have joined forces with the invading troops , and together have surrounded and invested the city of Leon , which is
expected to fall into their possession in a short tune , according to the latest accounts from the interior . Inside Leon everything is in confusion . The Leonese have taken possession of the churches and other strong places , and garrisoned them . The ' Commandant General' has shot the chief of the State ( 'Manuel Morez *) there , because he wished to withdraw from the contest and come out in favour of the popular movement . The 'Leonese' say they will die first , before they will give up their city . It is expected there will be a bloody contest . One half of the city was destroyed in a revolution a few years since , and now it is supposed the other half will be laid in ruins also . The principal families in the neighbourhood of the seat of war are flying to different places for protection . ^ If Leon falls , « ie war will be carried into Costa Rica if that State does not come out in favour of a central Government . "
SWEDEN . Progress . —The dispute between the order of the Nobles and the other orders of the State in Sweden seems to be increasing . We learn by a letter from Stockholm that the Committee of the Constitution has come to a resolution to propose to the Diet that in future no noblemen shall be allowed to preside over the electoral assemblies of the agriculturists , and that the privilege possessed by the nobility of accompanying the King when he visits the Hall of States shall be abolished .
Fomcne-Teuuxg.—At The Borough Court, Man...
Fomcne-Teuuxg . —At the Borough Court , Manchester , on Saturday , Anne Chrimes , a professional fortune-teller , was charged with defrauding several poor simpletons of their money by pretending to " rule the _ stars , " tell their fortunes , < fcc . One of them , a widow of the ripe age of 60 , being anxious to revisit the shrine of Hymen , consulted the wise woman as to theprobabUity of her obtaining a second husband , and being promised one by the first of May , paid 6 d . for the information , receiving , however , 2 d . out , and a quarter of an ounce of tobacco , she being very poor . Nancy Bradley , a middle-aged married woman , residing at HeatonNorris , consulted the sage about her husband , of whom she was jealous . She was told that four young women had bewitched him , and that if he were not unbewitched he would very soon go off in a galloping consumption . Mrs . Chrimes undertook to cure him and make him a good
husband for ten shillings , and was so accommodating as to offer to take the money by instalments , stipulating , however , for a silk handkerchief , or something else belonging to him , as necessary for the process of conjuration . She received a shilling by way of earnest . A young woman , named Ellen Simpson , was offered a charm for her sweetheart , at various prices , from 3 s . to 15 s . each , and told that the higher the price the more effectual they were , and that the beau of one of her acquaintance , who had bought a charm , had come " ranting" after her , he having previousl y been but ft lukewarm wooer . It so happened , however , that Ellen Simpson was already married , and wished to consult the stars , not about love matters , but as to the time of her becoming rich , a process which was not going on so rapidly as she wished . There were many other cases against the prisoner , and she was committed for tores months with hard labour .
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Jlbabes' Conference. — The Preliminary. ...
JLbabes' Conference . — The Preliminary . Committee held their weekly meeting , at the Bell Inn , Old Bailey , on Wednesday evening , March 19 th : Mr . Robertson ( bookbinder ) in the chair . The room was densely crowded with delegates . Messrs . John Cornish and Stephen Lingride , for the first time , attended as representatives of the Amicable Society of Woolstaplers . This society represents the Woolstaplers of England . Messrs . Caughlan and Bicknell appeared as the representatives of the Society of Teetotal Carpenters . The Secretary read thirty letters from various trades in England and Ireland . The following is the arrangement decided on for Monbat kext : — " The Sub-Committee to meet at the Bell Inn , Old Bailey , at ten in the morning , to receive delegates and examine credentials ; and at
two o ' clock precisely , in the afternoon of the same day , the Conference will be opened in the Assembly Room of the Parthcnium Club , 12 , St . Marfcin ' slane . T . S . Buncombe , Esq ., will preside throughout the whole sitting of Conference . It is generally understood that each delegate , like the members of St . Stephen ' s , will have the privilege of admitting one stranger to hear the deliberations of Labour ' s Parliament . After the preliminary committee shall have delivered in their report to Conference } and & Secretary and other officers shall have been appointed , it is suggested that the Conference appoint a committee , to receive any and all plans that a delegate may have-for the consideration of Conference ; and that they report thereon as soon as may be .
Important Meeting of the Handloou Weavers Delegates in London . —On Monday last , delegates from this numerous , useful , but ill-used class of workmen , assembled at the Crown and Anchor , Waterloo Town , for the purpose of preparing statements of their grievances , and submitting a plan to the Government and different members of Parliament , on which to lound an Act of Parliament for the protection of the Weavers against the unheard-of robberies and impositions practised on them . There were delegates present from Spitalfields , from Macclesfield , from Leigh , from Middleton , from Carlisle , and Howick ; and several other places were represented by letter . The first business of the delegates was to prepare their case . The London Weavers had prepared a lengthy and very able doemnont ,
comprising a rapid view of the rise and fall of the wealth of nations , clearly showing that where the principle of protection had been adhered to , and the interests of the labouring classes provided for , such nations became wealthy and refined , and their people prosperous and happy ; and showing also that where the interests of the labouring classes were neglected , the downfall of such nations was certain and rapid . These positions were illustrated by copioM extracts from authors of ancient and modern history . The delegates decided that the document , though valuable , was not exactly applicable to their present mission , as they were met to propose a statement of their present sufferings , and a plan for their amelioration . Mr . Lowe detailed the various impositions practised on the Weavers of Leigh , in Lancashire ,
which he had prepared , in a clear , lucid , and intelligible manner , embracing several tables , setting forth the amount of money stopped from the Weavers by the several manufacturers in three given days , amounting to , in many cases from 20 to 30 per cent , of the wholeof their earnings . Italsoshowedthevarious pretences on which these robberies were committed , the principal one being that of time , arising from the masters giving with their warps printed tickets , specifying that the work should be returned witliin a given time , or be abated ; the time being generally such that an average good workman could not accomplish it in . Mr . Lowe also showed the hardships the Weavers laboured under in having to wait for " shute " ( weft ) , and in having to travel long and frequent journeys , amounting to several hundreds of miles in
the slack seasons , lie also explained that by the combination of the manufacturers , the arbitration law was rendered of no effect , and gave the testimony of several respectable magistrates and clergymen in support of his statements . The Middleton delegate ( Mr . Ogden ) detailed similar grievances , and in the main confirmed Mr . Lowe ' s statements . The delegates from Macclesfield ( Messrs . West and Bentole ) said they had not so much to complain of as regardeu abatements . Their chief grievance arose from the great disparity of prices paid for the same description of work by different manufacturers . Tills CX * posed the trade to a ruinous home competition , and was highly injurious to the honest employer as well as to the workman . The remedy they proposed was the establishment of local boards of trade . Mr . J .
B . Hanson , from Carlisle , detailed at great length the sufferings of the Weavers inius district , and exhibited in a table of great length , which must have cost immense labour in its compilation , the various reductions that had taken place since 1304-0-6 , which could not be less than 200 per cent , to what they now have . He also showed the additional amount of labour imposed , notwithstanding these reductions . He was for the great principle of protection being applied to the labour of the working classes , but was willing to take as an instalment local boards . It was then agreed on that a case should be prepared , and that the delegates should visit different members of Parliament , as well as the Board of Trade , and lay their statements before them . During the week the delegates have visited various members , and have
received from a great number promises of support . Tub Chaismakers op Staffordshire and Worcestershire have been in union about twelve months , and have done as much or more good than any other trade in the country in rooting out evils that affected their interests , and in raising their wages . In March last some of the manufacturers resolved to reduce the men 10 per cent . ; those , too , who at the time were paying a less price than the most respectable houses in the trade . This was followed by a threatened reduction by all . The men sent delegates among those who were the worst paid , to see if they would co-operate in resisting the attempted reduction . Nearl y the Whole trade responded . A union was formed , and money raised j and those who were worst paid vrere put on strike , and so on , till every house paid one and the same
price . They next attacked the monster Truck , and completely destroyed him , as far as this trade was affected by it . In this they had the support of the ready-money employers . They have since obtained two advances , amounting to 15 per cent ., and in some instances rather more ; some of the employers have to pay 30 per cent , more than they did twelve months ago . The men have come to the determination to have another advance , and have given notice to that effect to all the manufacturers , which advance they propose should take place on the 22 nd of the present month . Some of the employers are willing to give it , while some are against giving it : but the men seem oonfdent of success from the organisation and determination of the trade . The price paid now is but little more than half what it was twenty years ago , while the trade has increased at least four-fold , and is likely still to extend .
To the Members op the United Tailors' Protection Society . —FeUow Workmen ,- * -The Executive Council having deemed it advisable that some one should go forth to explain the objects of the above society , and prepare the way for the forthcoming delegation , to be held at Manchester on the 14 th of April next ; in accordance therewith , I have attended three meetings in Birmingham , at one of which upwards of one thousand persons were present , and two sections formed . Meetings have also been held at Wolverhampton , Sta ff ord , Warrington ; two in Manchester ; iwo in Liverpool ; and one at Ashton-under-Lyne ; at all of which , resolutions were passed expressive of their approbation of the principles of the Union . Meetings will also be held at Chester , on Wednesday , the I 8 fch of March ; at Wigan , on the 20 th ; at Preston , on Good Friday
at Blackburn , on the 22 nd ; at Bolton , on the 24 th ; Bury , the 25 th ; Rochdale , 20 th ; Todmorden , the afth ; Bradford , the 28 th ; Huddersfield , the 31 st ; at Wakefield , on the 1 st of April ; at Sheffield , on the 2 nd ; Leeds , the 3 rd ; and at Hull , the 4 th . At all of those places it is requested that public meetings of the Trade be called , in order to consider on resolutions and petitions to Parliament , praying for an inquiry into the sanatory condition of the Trade , with a view to the abolition of out-door labour . I shall be punctual in attendance at the above towns on the days specified : and all localities in the kingdom desirous o £ laying their views before the delegates when assembled , can forward their communications , addressed to me , at the Golden Eagle , Hardman-street , Manchester . —Yours , in the cause of Labour , J . ^ Y . Parkbr , General Secretary .
Boilkr-MaSbbs' Coxmsb ; :. vcjs . —An important Conference of the master and journeymen Boiler-makers of Manchester and the surrounding districts , was held on Tuesday last , March JSth , at the house of Mr . Dixon , Golden Eagle , Birmingham-street , Manches ter . The journeymen Boiler-makers have long felt the aSreful effects of home competition ; and having determined , if possible , to curb the monster , they called a Conference of delegates , n » t only from the ihops in Manchester , but from the surrounding towns ; to which Conference they invited the whole cfthe masters by circular , in which was stated the objects for which the Conference ww called . We are happy to state that many of the masters sent answers to the committee , in which they promised
Jlbabes' Conference. — The Preliminary. ...
to be present , and likewise approved of the objects sought to be accomplished by the journeymen , and that they would do all in their power towards the furtherance of the good work . On Tuesday morning delegates' from , the following places assembled at nine o ' clock .- —Manchester , Liverpool , Bolton , Bury , Wigan , St . Helen ' s , Hyde , Stock p ort , Staleybridge , Dukinficld , Ashton-under-Lync , Oldham , Rochdale , Preston , Chorley , Warr ington , Newton , Rain-hill , i & c . The delegates spent a few hours in preliminary arrangements , and drawing up a programme of the business to be brought before the Conference ; and we believe also , that the masters had a preliminaiy meeting previous to their coming to the Conference . The Conference of masters and men assembled at two o ' clock in the afternoon , when , on the motion of Mr .
Rock , Mr . Melhng , of Manchester , was unanimously elected to the chair . He opened the business of the Conference by giving a brief outline of the circumstances which had caused them to be brought together , and likewise a summary of the business which would be brought before them . He hoped that each person who addressed the Conference would adhere to the question under debate , and be as brief as possible He called unon themasters present , to aid and assist the men m bringing about a better understanding betwixt the employed and their employers , and concluded by calling on the Secretary to read the correspondence which the committee had received from the masters who could not make it convenient to attend . The Secretary then read a number of letters , from which we select the following : — Star-street Works , March 17 , 1845 .
TOM Operative BoiUr Maters of Manchester . —Gentle . men , —We are in the receipt of yours of this morning ; and assure you that , whatever wages you demand , our fiouse will not oppose you , but will at all times give the host of wages to aU classes of workmen employed in our establishment . You must hear in mind that there are masters who have taken orders at such low prices that they cannot afford to give remunerating wages to their workmen j and theBo are the parties who strive to destroy your trade and reduce your wages ; 'tis only by such unfair means they can clear themselves . In conclusion , weheg to say , that it has ever been our study and interest to give the Very hOSt Of Wages to all grades of workmen , Good men deserve good hire . Hoping you wiU he unanimous and determined in the resolutions you meg pass at the meeting called to he held on Tuesday , the 18 th of March , we remain , Gentlemen , most reapcctfilllj , JAMES LlLtEY . axd S ons , P . S . —TTe shall he happy to receive a copy of resolutions passed at the meeting , and whatever they may be , if to better your condition , you may rely upon our conformity . —J . I . and Sons .
Mr . Fairburn said , that when he received the circular it gave him great pleasure ; for its contents must give satisfaction to every honourable employer . The only thing he objected to was the attempt to destroy competition . He wished that they _ could accomplish it , but he was doubtful whether it was possible to effectually interfere with that question . But there was no harm in making the attempt . He could , himself , subscribe to every suggestion made by the men . ( Much cheering . ) He was sorry that he had to leave them , for it would have given him much pleasure to spend a few hours with the men who had taken bo noble a step in endeavouring to bring about a better understanding between the employers and employed . Peter Rathwell , Esq ., moved , and Mr . Hick seconded , "That from this time forward
it be required , that any master wishing to dispense with the services of any Boiler-maker ( except in cases of delinquency or destroying the master ' s property ) , shall give notice from pay-day to pay-day ; and likewise that any Boiler-maker , wishing to leave his employer , shall give a like notice . " Mr . Latham moved as follows— "That any Boiler-maker losing his time by drinking shall be fined one shilling each day , to go into the funds of the Boiler-makers ' Society : the same to be applied to some benevolent purposes , such as giving relief to any member who may not be entitled to benefit in cases of sickness , or when unable to work from accidents received at their employment . " Mr . Wood seconded the resolution , which was agreed to unanimously . The next question was the one of the hours of work . It appeared
that some of the shops commenced work at six o'clock on the Monday morning , whilst others commenced at seven . Lengthy discussions ensued , which ended in the following resolution : — " That every shop in Manchester and neighbourhood shall commence for . the future at seven o ' clock on Monday morning , and have half an hour for brpjikfaat , one n « ur for dinner , and half an hour for tea ; , or instead of the tea half hour , to leave work at half-past five in the evening . The week's work to consist of fifty-seven hours and a half . " The above resolution was moved and seconded by two masters , named Edward and John Hartley . The next question brought before the Conference was that when men were sent out to work at " old work , " or out of town , ihey should have one shilling per day
extra , not to be given in . drink , but money . Mr . Hick , of Bolton , said there could not be two opinions on the subject . He was quite willing to give his men the shilling . Mr . Rathwell also agreed to the proposal , as did the whole of the masters . Mr , Latham moved , and Mr . Cartwright seconded , " That the men working out shall have one slutting per day extra , to be paid in money . " Mr . Edward Hartley moved , and Mr . Cartwright seconded— " That the sending out of men to old jobs be vested in the masters ; but they shall let all that are competent have their turn where it is practicable . And when any manufacturer sends for a jparticular set , that the master send them whether it be their turn or not . " Mr . Roche said , the time had come when masters and men must act for the benefit of each other . The
men were determined to protect the masters , if the masters were willing to assist them . The men wished , to introduce the system of apprenticing boys to be taught the whole art of boiler making . By this means they would be enabled not only to produce goodworkmen , but at the same time protect the best interests of the trade . A lengthy discussion took place , in which both masters and men took part , which ended in Mr . Hartley moving , and Mr . Stewart seconding— "That for the future all persons coming into the Boiler-making trade shall serve a legal apprenticeship , and not be more than sixteen years of age at the time of being bound . " The resolution was carried unanimously . Mr . Roche moved , " That the . best thanks of the journeymen Boiler-makers , in conference assembled
are due to Peter Rothwell , Esq ., —Hick , Esq ., — Fairburn , Esq ., and the other employers who have honoured us with their presence andassistance . " The motion being seconded , and put from the chair , was agreed to nem . con . Several important questions in the " programme" were not entered into , owing to the masters having to leave . It was , however , agreed that a circular , containing the resolutions which had been passed , and also the men ' s suggestions which they had not been able to take into consideration , should be sent to the employers ; and the latter would , if they considered them at all calculated to benefit the trade , give them every support . One of the questions alluded to is of great importance . It is as follows : — " What steps would be the moat effectual to destroy that unhealthy and unprincipled system of
homecompetition which has crept into the Boiler-making trade , by which the honourable employer , the operative , and the public are alike injured ? " The operatives think that stops can be taken to compass this object . Some of the masters are of a contrary opinion . The workmen have not had an opportunity of detailing their views before them , which we believe are as follows : — " Let a Board of Trade be formed of an equal number of masters and men ; the masters to elect the men in whom they have confidence , and the workmen to elect the masters . Such board to fix tlu rate of wages , and likewise the price of the article in the market : and also determine a uniformity of hours for commencing and leaving off work . " If the honourable masters would co-operate with the men on this understanding , the , »» e » would work only
for those that agree to such salutary regulations . In the circular about being sent to the masters , this question will be fully laid before them ; and we shall not tail to acquaint our readers with tho result as soon as it is known . The following employers were present at the meeting , and agreed with the resolutions eome to : —Mr . Fairburn , Mr . Cartwright , Mr . J . Wild , Mr . M . Barrett , Mr . Duckworth , Mr . J . Hartley , and Mr . Edward Hartley , of Manchester ; Peter Rothwell , Esq ., Mr . Hick , Mr . Hill , Mr . Amer , Mr . Latlmm , and Mr . S . Wood , of Bolton ; Mr . Hill , of Heywood ; Mr . Rain and Mr . Ferneaugh , of Dukehfield ; Mr . Townley , Mr . Howarth , and Mr . Massey , of Rochdale ; Mr . Jackson , Mr . Stewart , and Mr . Seholes , of Preston , - Mr . Mannes , of Stockport ; Mr . William Atterton , of Wildin ; and the Messrs Wood , of Onenshaw .
Important Tba » r 6 Mebtikq at Bhadporh On Tuesday evening a public meeting was held in the Temperanoe-roomB , Cheapside , to elect delegates to the forthcoming Trades Conference ; Mr . Smyth was cal led to the chair , who briefly opened the business by stating the objects and reading the placard convening the meeting , and called on any person having a candidate to propose to do so . Mr . Stamp , Stonemason , proposed Job Hirst , Mason , a fit and proper p erson . Mr . Hirst « njoyed the confidence of the Masons Society , and was unanimously nominated by that body to represent them in the forthcoming Conference ; Mr . Hurley seconded the nomination , and eulogised Mr . Hirst as well qualified to fill the important station of representing toe Trades of Bradford in Conference ; on bung put to the meeting he
Jlbabes' Conference. — The Preliminary. ...
was carried unanimously . Mr . Hirst returned thanks for the confidence reposed in him , and pledged himself to use every means in his power to better the condition of his fellow-workmen . He thought it right to state that the unanimous opinion of the Society of Stonemasons in Bradford was in favour of the Land Question being brought before the Conference . It was his opinion that nothing practical could be carried into effect unless founded on the principle of withdrawing the " surplus labourers " from the labour market , andplacing them on theland , and thus creating a demand for labour . Mr . Raistnck , Woolcomber , proposed , and Mr . Tophani seconded Robert Mullen , Woolcomber ; Mr . Dillon proposed , and Mr . Wilson seconded Mr . G . White .
A noisy discussion here commenced by the supporters of both candidates , the debate being earned on by the Woolcombers exclusively . Mr . Fynn arose and addressed the meeting with a view of reconciling the disputants ; afterwards Messrs . White , Dillon , Mullens , and others spoke . Mr . G . White withdrew ; after entering a protest against the proceedings of the officers of the Woolcombers' Protective Society , for the manner in which the ballot was taken for the candidates . Mr . ^ Mullen explained , declaring that the whole of the divisions of that society were noticed as nearly as possible at one time . On the motion being put , Mr . Mullen was carried by a ] arge majo * rity . The chairman read a letter from the Shoemakers' Society , declaring their hearty co-operation in the proposed union of Trades , and regretting their inability to send a delegate in consequence ot their
late struggle , and haying to send one to the ShoW makers' Conference to be held in London on the 1 st of April . Mr . Flynn proposed the following resolution , which was seconded b y a person in the meeting ; — " That the delegates appointed to represent the Trades of Bradford in the forthcoming Conference be instructed to move , or support such measures as they may deem best calculated to bring about the formation of a National Trades' Union lor the general protection of all ; and that they be requested to recommend the consideration of the Land question . " The chairman announced a meeting of the women power-loom Weavers in tho same room , on Good Friday , to co-operate with the rest of their brothers and sisters in toil for mutual protection . A vote of thanks was tendered to the chairman , and the meeting separated .
Bradford Shoemakers . —On Monday evening a special meeting of the Shoemakers' Society was held at the Boy and Barrel Inn , Westgate , to elect a delegate to the Shoemakers' Conference , about to be held in London on the 1 st of April . Mr .. Green was called to the chaii-, who stated the object of the meeting . Mr . Smyth proposed , and Mr . Constable seconded , " James Quinn , as a fit and proper person to represent them in the Conference . " On being put , the motion was earned unanimously , and the meeting separated .
Nottingham FiUMEwonK-KNiTTERS . — A public meeting of Framework-knitters was held at the King George on Horseback , Nottinghaiu , on Monday evening , the 17 th inst ., to take into consideration the Trades Conference to assemble in London on Easter Monday , and to elect a delegate to attend such meeting . The following resolution was passedproposed by John Peeters , and seconded by William Norman : — " That a levy of twopence per frame be paid on Saturday next , the 22 nd , for the purpose ot defraying the expense of sending a delegate to the Conference ; and that a committee will sit from four until nine in the evening to receive subscriptions . " B . Humphries was proposed by William Pearson ,
ana seconaea oy James Bates , as a lit ana proper person to attend the Conference . Henry Dorman was also proposed by William Norman , and seconded by John Brooks , On the propositions being put to the vote the former was elected , and the meeting separated . Barnslei-. —A large meeting of Weavers took place in Pickering ' s Room , on Monday night , the P / th inst ., to elect a delegate to the Trades' Conference , Mr . Owen Wright in the chair . A plan having been agreed upon whereby the necessary funds should be collected , Mr . Frank Mirfield ana Mr . John Grimshaw were put in nomination , and on a division there appeared an equal number for both , when the chair man decided in favour of the former . The meeting separated highly satisfied with the proceedings .
The HoRBENAm-MAKERS of Beu ? er have had twenty men on strike at the establishment of Mr . Melborn . The strike has now closed , as Mr . Melbom has compiled with the request of the men . They have also obtained an advance of seven and a half per cent , to their wages , and are expecting another advance . The Belper Nailmakers are united to a man . Framewobk-knitteks'Movement . —Friends , —The commissioners' report on our Trade will soon be laid before Parliament ; a report which will show to the world infringements most glaring on a vast body of operatives . The frame charges and other deductions taken from the net earnings of the Framework-knitter are greater than auy other body of operatives we
know of SHfter . Such being a fact , we have a right to expect relief from the Government , whose power , if exercised , is equal to such task ; not only to relieve us from our present sufferings , but to protect us for the future from such a liability . It then becomes the duty of all who suffer from the present system , to use his , her , or then- influence to remove it . Friends , a National Conference of Trades' delegates will assemble in London , on Easter Monday , March 24 th , 1845 , at which the Frameworkrlwfttcrs , above all trades , should have delegates . Let the hands in Nottinghamshire , Derbyshire , Leicestershire , & c ., consider this , and provide , without loss of time , for such purpose . At the least , four should be sent , who , when in London , would serve a double purpose : —First , on the National Trades business ; and , secondly , on their local affairs : for it is probable
that a discussion may come on in Parliament soon after Easter , respecting the commissioners' report . Delegates being in town , could , if necessary , wait on the Government , and on members of Parliament , to solicit their support to any measure brought forward for the removal of the grievances complained of in our petition . Assemble your committees immediately , and take this all-important question into your deliberate consideration . When such has been done , communicate with the general Secretary as to your decision . The expense incurred would be but a mere trifle . I am aware of your poverty ; but without an effort on your part , you cannot be made better in your circumstances . Up , then , one and all and work as though you had something to gain . Let no one think of a little trouble , but let each work as though it all depended on himself to raise his fellow workmen from their present degraded position . T . Humphries .
The London Shoemakers . — ¦ On Monday last a meeting of the West-End Ladles' Shoemakers was held-in the Ship-yard , Wardour-street , Westminster , for the purpose of electing delegates to the forthcoming Trades' Conference . The result was the unanimous election of Mr . John Skelton and Mr . James Christopher . All seemed fully impressed with the importance of the subject , and the best of feeling pervaded throughout . Leeds Tailors . —At a meeting of the Tailors ' Society , called to elect a delegate to the ensuing general meeting , to be held in Manchester , on the
14 th April , a proposition from section twenty was brought before the meeting , to effect a union of masters and men , and amass funds for tho purpose of a general strike against their unprincipled competitors . An amendment was moved by Thomas Brownleyand seconded by Joshua Shepherd , "that it be recommended by our delegate that the lakd question be considered , with a view to leasing a portion thereof , and locating our unemployed on it , thereby taking away the necessity for men to submit to low prices and galling tyranny . " The amendment was carried by a large majority .
HupMnswEiD . —Agreeably to public notice , a meeting of delegates from the Associated Trades of this town , took place in the large room of the White Hart Inn , on Tuesday evening . Mr . John Chapman , of theMoldere' Society , was unanimously voted to the chair . The question of the consolidation of tho Trades' Societies was freely talked over , and various opinions given thereon . The feeling amongst the delegates was decidedly in favour of adopting some plan , by which they should in future act more in unison in opposing the passing through Parliament of such measures as tho Masters' and Servants' Bill . At the end of the discussion it was unanimously
agreed that Mr . William Spurr , Boot-closer , should represent the Trades of Huddersfield in the forth coming Conference . There was a good muster of de legates . Miwerb' IsxEiiiOBsrcB . —The next general delegate meeting of Lancashire Miners will be held on Monday next , at the house of Mr . N . Gaskell , sign of the Queen ' s Arms , Clayton , near Manchester : chair to be taken at eleven o ' clock in the forenoon . There will also be a public meeting on the same day , which will be addressed by W . P . Roberto , Esq ., and several of the awreditedagentfl of the Miners' Association : chair to be taken at four o ' alock in the afternoon . The levy for the fortnight is 3 s . per member .
North Stappordshibb 3 tfi «« 9 .-The ^ J ^ T gatemeetingof Miners will be held at tte Queens Head Inn , Burslem , on Monday , March 31 st , at three o '« lo « k in the afternoon .
Jlbabes' Conference. — The Preliminary. ...
Narrow Escape ysou Dwra . —An instance of the great care whM is necessary in the use of firearms , occurred here last Wednesday evening , which must have been attended with fatal consequence- , but for the merciful interposition of Providence . It appears that Mr . Hook , the gunmaker , was preparing to clean a pistol ( which had most imprudently been loaded six months ) without previously discharging it , when from some unaccountable cause the powder in tho nipple ignited ; but owing to the damp did not immediately explode , otherwise , from the position in which he held the weapon , he must inevitably have been killed on tho spot . With great presence of mind he turned the muzzle from liiin , and only had just done so when the explosion took place .
shattering the pistol , a portion of which struck him on the left cheek , and inllicted a severe and dangerous wound . The Messrs . Roberts were immediately called in , and we are happy to learn that the unfortunate sufferer is going on favourablv and is now considered Out Of danger . — MaidsUmi Journal . Fire is Smithtield . —On Wednesday . morning an alarming fire broke out in the extensive oil and colour manufactory belonging to Messrs . Hubbuck andSons , situate at No . 115 , East Smithfield . It originated ™ , the ground floor , in which was deposited a large quantity of oils , turpentine , and other equally combustible articles . In a very brief period four of the London establishment engines arrived at the spot , and by the exertions of the firemen the fiY . vics
were prevented from extending . The cause of the disaster lias been traced to the spontaneous ignition of some waste sweepings . Destructive Fire at Stratford , Essex . —Shortly before nine o'clock on Thursday night , a fire broke out in the extensive manufactory in the occupation of Mr . Robert Hoperaft , lamp-black and colour maker , near Harrow-bridge , Stratford , Essex . The fire originated in the spirit rooms , where the ingredients are mixed in the several processes of colourmaking , It rapidly extended to the lamp-black rooms , and with unabated fury it progressed until the whole range , seventy feet long by ; twenty-five broad , but only one story high , was burned down .
Infanticide AND SuICIDB .-MaNOHKSTER ; TnURfiDAT . —On Monday last a horrid case of infanticide and subsequent suicide was discovered to have been perpetfated in Hampson-street , Miles Piatin , about two mijaprom this town . The deceased was about 4 . 0 ¦ JjBtififuf age , the Wife Of a respectable working man , named John . Fanhurst , towbomshehad been married about two -years . About a month ago strong symptonra of insanity became apparent , and her husband had intimated Ms intention of placing her . under restraint . When the intention of her husband was made known to her she became very much alarmed , and often spoke of it . She promised never to hurt llOl' Cllild , provided she was allowed to remain with it . This the husband promised to do , and from that
time she continued to improve . About three weeks ago she was seen walking round the eye of an old C 0 ill-p . it , With hev Child in her awns , and it was then thought she contemplate ! the destruction of herself and infant ; but fearing she was watched , she returned home . On Monday last , about four o ' clock , a nei ghbour called to sec her , but found the door locked , and the key inside . On looking through the window she saw the deceased standing on the floor , with the child over her left arm and a rope in her right hand . She opened the door , and let the person in , who asked if she was " poorly V She said not , and denied that the door had been locked .
Mrs . Shehnudine remained with her about a quarter of an hour , and then left the house , not suspecting anything the matter . In about half an hour aftcr « wards an alarm was given that she had committed suicide by hanging herself ) and was suspended by a rope from a nail , which had been driven into the wall for the purpose . On the body being cut down and carried upstairs by her sister and a man who had come to her assistance , the child , a girl about 14 months old , was also found suspended from the bedrail , and quite dead , On Wednesday an inquest was held on view of the bodies , when the above facts were given in evidence . Verdict—Temporary Insanity .
The Convict Jexmngs . — This criminal , whose trial and conviction at the Berkshire Assizes , held at Reading on the 3 rd inst ., for poisoning his daughter at Thateham , near Newbury , we recorded , at the time it took place , still continues to manifest the same indifference to his fate that he exhibited immediately after the sentence of death was pronounced on him . Notwithstanding the clearness of the evidence of the murderer ' s guilt , he steadfastly maintains his innocence of the crime for which ho will this day ( Saturday ) suffer the extreme penalty of the law , and when earnestly entreated to make his peace with God , he either pretends to be , or is , very angry at the supposition , implied by such advice , that he has perpetrated the crime for which he is to forfeit his life on tho scaffold , and of which no reasonable doubt can be entertained .
4ftrfttomto Ihtftmgs
4 ftrfttomto iHtftmgs
Loxdon.—City Hall, Turnaoaik-Lanb.—A Mee...
Loxdon . —City Hall , Turnaoaik-lanb . —A meeting of the shareholders of the above hall will be held in the coffee-room at half-past ten precisely , on Sunday morning next , March the 23 rd . The discussionsubject , "Roebuck v . the Irish Members of Parliament" —will be resumed at halt-past ten the same day in the hall . In the afternoon , at three o ' clock , the Metropolitan District Council will meet for the despatch of business in the evening , at seven , the discussion—subject , " Is the ensuing Trades' Conference calculated to benefit the Working Classes ?"will be resumed . Several delegates are expected to attend . Cur Locality . —The members of the city locality will not meet till Tuesday week , April 1 st .
Kino op Prussia , Tooley-stREET . —< At the meet , lug of the St . John ' s and St . Curve ' s locality on Tuesday evening last , the present members of the Executive were nominated for re-election . The members are particularly requested to attend on Tuesday evening next , as the nomination of delegates to the ensuing Chartist Convention , to represent Southwark and Lambeth , will take place . Cambbkwell ano Wai-worth . —A meeting will be held at the Montpelier Tavern , Walworth , on Monday evening next , at eight precisely . Westminster . —A meeting will be held at the Sun and Thirteen Cantons , Clock-house , Castle-street , Leicester-square , on Sunday evening , at eight precisely . Hammersmith . — A meeting will be held at the Dun Cow , Brook-green-lane , on Tuesday evening , at eight precisely .
Maryxebone Locality . — An adjourned members meeting will be held on Sunday evening , at half-past seven o ' clock , at the Coach « painters' Arms , Cireusstreet , New . road . A shareholders meeting will be heid at the same place . Easter Holidays . — A grand harmonic meeting will be held in the Assembly-room of the Sun and Thirteen Cantons ( Clock-house ) , Castle-street , Leicester-square , on Tuesday evening next , at eight o ' clock , Rochdale . —On Easter Tuesday there will be a Chartist ball in the Assembly-room , Toad-lane , for the benefit of the Executive . To commence at six o ' clock . On Sunday , tho 30 th inst ., William Bell , of Heywood , is expected to deliver two lectures in the Chartist Association-room , Mill-street , at two and six o ' clock .
Bradford . —The Chartists of the central locality will meet in their room , on Sunday morning , at ten o ' clock , on business of importance . The members of the general council will meet in the council-room , on Sunday morning , at ten o ' clock . Keighlby . —On Sunday , March 23 rd , Mr . David Ross , of Leeds , will deliver two lectures in the Working Man ' s Hall , Keighley , to commence at two o ' clock in the afternoon , and at half-past five in the evening . He will also assist oh the Monday evening in the usual entertainments of the Easter holidays , for the benefit of the Chartist Institution . South Lancashire Deleoatb Meeting . — The next South Lancashire delegate meeting will be held on Sunday , March 30 th , at ten o'clock in the morning , in the Chartist Association-room , Mill-street , Rochdale .
Nottingham . —A Nottinghamshire delegate meet ing will be held on Sunday next , at the New Inn , Carrington , at half-past five o ' clock in the evening , on business of importance . Calverton , Lumlcy , and Radford are requested to send delegates . Birmingham . —Mr . Thomas Sheerwood Kettle will lecture in the Democratic Chapel , on Sunday next , at half-past six in the evening . Subject ! " The Present Position of Chartism . " Liverpool . —A lecture will be delivered by Mr . Thomas Jones , on " Home Colonisation , " in the Temperance Hall , 52 , Rose-place , near St . Ann ' s Church , on Tuesday next , at half-past seven o ' clock . Mr . M'Grath's Route por the Ensuing Week . —Monday , Paisley ; Tuesday and Wednesday Greenock ; Thursday and Friday , Vale of Leven ; Saturday , Campsie . ^———^^— iaK ^^ Mww mnittmf ^ mim \ i muni ai i u
Easter Holidays.
EASTER HOLIDAYS .
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ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION . — DR . EVAN'S first Series of LECTURES on the CHEMISTRY of DOMESTIC LIFE , daily , and on ' . he ftvwlaga Of ito & d & ya , 'Wednesdays , and Fridays . POPULAR LECTURES on NATURAL PHILOSOPHY , with BRILLIANT EXPERIMENTS , by PROFESSOR BACHHOFPNER . A new SERIES of OBJECTS exhibiting beautiful effects in CHILDE'S CHROMATROPE , in the . PHT 8 I 0 SC 0 PE , and the PROTEOSCOPE . The SHRINE of the NATIVITY hi one of the late « t additions to the DISSOLVING VIEWS . A CURIOUS MECHANICAL HAND exhibiting daily on the person of an individual who hag lost bis natural hand .. Working Models of new inven . dona explained . SUBMARINE EXPERIMENTS by the DIVER . The DIVING BULL , MICROSCOPE , 4 c ., Ac Admission One Shining , Schools hilf price . N . B . A WORKING MODEL of the ATMOSPHERIC RAILWAY , fifty f « et long , b expetted to bt r « adj bv the 2 « b inst . ~ i ' **
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), March 22, 1845, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_22031845/page/1/
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