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4 TH% NflRTHlRlvY STAR. ' Mar«h;22, 1851...
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EHURSEMEHT OF THE HATIOM IHSTRUCTOn
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NoTrutoH_u. -Mr. J. Sweet acknowledges t...
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THE SuBTHEBB STAB SATURDAY, MAKCH 22, iS...
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WHO LEAD THE MILLIONS 1 Speaking of Mr. ...
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THE UNTAXED PRESS OF AMERICA At the rece...
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PARLIAMENTARY. •The standing dieh of the...
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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4 Th% Nflrthlrlvy Star. ' Mar«H;22, 1851...
4 TH % NflRTHlRlvY STAR . ' Mar « h ; 22 , 1851 ;
Ehursemeht Of The Hatiom Ihstructon
EHURSEMEHT OF THE HATIOM IHSTRUCTOn
Ad00409
So . S 1 L of the Sew Series OF " THE NATIONAL KSTRUCTOS , " Is now ready . SIXTEEN LAEGE B 0 TAL OCTAVO PAGES , Price One Penny . IT » TBX ADVOCATE O ?
Ad00410
On Monday , March 2 « Ii , will be published , IN NOS . AT ONE PENNY EACH , THE EMIBRAHT'S GUIDE TO THE SOLOES LftSD flALIF O E N I A \ J ns past msrouY -, its psesest position -, ITS FOTOEE PROSPECTS : wits a wsbte ak » Atrnuomc accoott of TBE JJISCOVEttr OF THE GOID BEGION , aSD TAB SUBSEQpEST IMPORTANT PROCEEDI . VGS .
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LECT 0 UF . S BY ERSEST JOSES . CANTERBURY versus BOME , The repant of these lectures is now compWu . i » five separate numbers ( price twopence each , ) or in one -rolame , bound , with coloured wrappers , price one shilling . Published by Edwin Dipple , 42 , Holjwell-street , Strand , London . In a law day win appear POEMS AND NOTES f o the PEOPLE , BT ERKEST JONES . ( Composed while in prison . ) Ia weekly numbers , ( price 3 d ., of twenty-four pages each part , in double columns , and got up in superior style . Contents of No . 1 . Tbe Xew Woklp , a political poem , showing- the people ' s past sufferings and future hopes . Kotes to the Peopie , coaciroing thtir present duty . The llisitmr of x Dsnonxtic Moyehext , its rhe , progress , toUie * , and probable results . Contents of No . 2 . Beujaoos Cntraca , notes on all the Beldagons , and continuations of the above . Full par ticulars will be giran next week—with directions as to where all orders are to be forwarded .
Ad00412
XATIOXAL CHARTER ASSOCIATION . Office , 1 * , Southampton-strcet Strand . THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE hereby announce the following meetings : — On Sunday evening next at the Rack T & rern , JAssongrore—Princess ilojal , Circus-street , Marylebott&—Bricklajers * Anns , Tonbridge-street , Sew-road—Crown and Anchor , Cheshire-street , WaterlooTown—and Jfew Eastern Literary and Scientific Institution , Morpeth-strect , Green-Street Beihnal Green . At the same time the Lambeth locality will meet at the Soath London Hall , and Mr . Fattinson . the sub-secretary , will be in attendance to enrol members . On the same evening at the Itiiing Son , Calendar-yard , Long-alley , Mr . John Fussell will lecture . On the same evening ; at the Ship , High ^ treet , Whitechapel , Mr . Elliott will lecture .
Ad00413
LEEDS DISTKICr DELEGATE JUEBTIXG . THE ADJOURNED DELkG & TE MEETING will br held to-morrow { Suaday , March 23 rd ) morning , at half-pist un o ' clock , in the Bazaar , Leeds , to take into consideration the propriety of sending aDelega & to t !» e 1-ondon C-nference , on the 31 st of March . As the prestnrtimc is . i niosum ;> -jrturttone . and immediate measures shou'd at once be taken to unite the Chwtist tody , it is earnestly requested ih . t Delegates will be sent Irom the following places comprising the district , viz . : — Leeds , 1 ' udsey , Dcwsbury , BaUey , Birstall , and Wakefield .
Ad00414
TO THE MEMBERS OF THE LAUD COMPANY A MEETING of tbe 3 Iembers of the above Company wil ! bo held at the Working Man ' s liaiL 26 , GaHen-lane , Uripplejate , on Sunday ( to-morrow ) afternoon , to take into c-n-djerution the UiU introduced into Parliament by Mr O'Connor , for Dissolving and Wlnain--up the affairs of the said Company . Chair to be taken at Three o'Clock preci » ly . _ 2 to person will be admitted wiftout' producing his certificate or card of payments .
Ad00415
TO TAILORS AND OTHERS . EXHIBITION , 1851 . By Approbation of Her Majesty Queen Victoria , and 1 UI . H . Prince Albert .
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Notrutoh_U. -Mr. J. Sweet Acknowledges T...
NoTrutoH _ u . -Mr . J . Sweet acknowledges tbe receipt of the following sums , sent herewith , vix . :-Fo » Hokestt Fos » . _ Mr . W . Brown Gd-From Hucku-tt Torltard 6 s . Fen Winding-up FOND . -Mr . samudPerkini , Old Basford Branch 6 d-Mr . W . Brown 6 d-ttrs . -larj Osborne 2 s 6 d-Mr . Fygott 6 < J . « n «« . _ -, »; Tt « t The Polish asd Hdsoabias K ^^ T ; , ?^^ ru , -Masons , Xew House * of ^»« SL ? J £ \ fi" "< S * Arms , Worcester , Raffle , per Mr . P « SS » «» - " - Bolton , Goppice-row Ts 6 d _ Snudt ' s Workmen ^ fid-Mr . Ferriss , Carpen ter 3 s-E . Wood H-4 . Hart ls ~ : « irl ° slW—W . Gees 2 s 6 d—MflJter Is—Welchman 6 d—S « ift 4 s 6 d-J . Coles Ts Cd-J . Elder 3 s 6 d-Wattass 2 s _ Three Republican Tailors Is 6 d -Dumbarton ls .-Aoy mistake in the Money List , application to be made to T . Brown . « . « ' . » -. The Poush xsv Hcxoasian Refugees . —T . Brown s List . —Sharwood ' s Type Founders 3 s 6 d—A Friend la—Mr . Ferriss , for Carpenters « s lid—Mr . Hope 6 d—Mr .
Coctaev ' sShopisTd-Smtth ' s Wortmwn as 2 d—bsu-kh » m ii—Mr . Smith collected 2 s—VVdchman 6&—Mr . Campbell , Victoria-park 5 s lOJd—A Friend 6 d—Three Friends from the Country 2 s—Fimlico , Goal Tav » rn , Mr . BJanchard 10 s—Several Boot-matters , Golden Lion , Fore-street , Ctj , 9 s 3 d-Sir . Sturgeon 2 s—Mr , Seville ' s Bonk 2 * od—Fountain , Atnwell-street 12 s fid—Caralerwell , P . S . 2 s-J . Hagg'rston —Mr . Arnott 12 s 34—Mr . Arnott 9 « 3 d—A Friend Is . WoRCtsiEB . —The democrats of the counties of Worcester and Gloucester are requested to communicate with the council of the Worceeter Association respecting a delegate to the National Convention ; also to remit all monies collected for Mich purpose , addressed to Mr . James Harding . City Anns , Worcester , treasurer te tha branch . —ChaMVes Apfs , Secretary . Title Page and Index to the ' Natioxu , Instecctob . 'Several correspondents complain of not being able to procure this sheet , and say the publishers atate it is not pu lished . The statement is entirely without foundation . By enclosing two Postage-stamps to this office it may be had direct , if it cannot be procured in any other way .
S . LoCswooD , Plymouth . —Write to Mr . David Green , bookseller , Briggate , Leeds . A Coskespoxdest suggests that a cheap democratic magazine , crnbell'stied with woodcuts , for children , is much wanted in country districts . He also would tike to See the London democrats using phonography , as a means oftcaohin { r the refugees the En / jiiah language , which lie says would lay the foundation of au universal language . Erratdu . — In our answer to Mr . Mantle , of Manchester , last week , owin ^ to a blunder of the compositors , some copies were struck off , in which the word ' mere' was substituted for * these , ' and ' like' for' take . ' It should have read thus : — » Our correspondent is aware of the rule we have laid down for the exclusion of personal abuse , or attacks upon tha character aud motives of persons who take an active part iu the movement , and whether these attacks take the shape of letters to the Editor , reports of speeches , or resolutions , purporting to he adopted by Chartist Councils , or Chartist localities , we sh ill continue rigorously to svihj * ct Utem to what out correspondent terms' censorship . '' A . VIaltos . —Next wvek .
The Subthebb Stab Saturday, Makch 22, Is...
THE SuBTHEBB STAB SATURDAY , MAKCH 22 , iS 51 .
Who Lead The Millions 1 Speaking Of Mr. ...
WHO LEAD THE MILLIONS 1 Speaking of Mr . Cobden , the limes says , in a recent leading article : — With the ' masses'to which he now appeals he has no sympathy whatever . The millions ale never led by a political econon-ist . In such quarter * Mr . Cobden would be be-iten outright by Mr . Feargus O'Connor , and Lord John Manners would probably drive them both out from the field . We presume the superiority of Lord J . Manners would consist in his being even more heretical iu his politico-economical opinions than Mr . O'Connor , and , therefore , more acceptable to " the masses , " who are utter infidels to what Thomas Garltle calls " the shabbiest gospel ever preached . "
Now , one of the most important questions that can possibly he raised , is suggested by this passage . Why is it that there should be such a discrepancy between the opinions " of the middle classes , the industrious and intelligent tradesmen , " from whom , according to tho Times , Mr . CoBDEn ' s "supporters are taken ? " There must he some cause or other why the proletarian " masses , " and the classes who live by profits , take such opposite views of questions that lie at the very foundation of society . These differences alienate class from class—produce fear on the one hand , and revengeful feelings on the other , and breed those social revolutions which it is the first duty of a wise and good Government to prevent .
The cause is not difficult to discover . It 18 to be found in the necessarily opposing views which these parties take of society from the differing positions in which society has placed them . It is easy to understand how the man engaged in trade , manufactures , and commerce , and pursuing a prosperous career—with the ultimate probability of realising a competence , which will enable him to pass the evening of bis days in comfort , surrounded by a femily " well to do in the world "—should have a widely different opinion of existing institutions to that entertained by the working man , whose whole life is one of continual toil , repaid by the barest subsistence , and whose only
future prospect is the refuge of the workhouse , when premature old age prevents him from toiling longer , while his children are doomed to the same melancholy fate , or worse—sink into the confirmed pauper and criminal classes . To the . ** masses " who are placed in the latter position the political economists offer no hope of redemption . Their fine-spun generalities about self-control , prudence , industry , thrift , and so forth , as » means of rising in the " world , are the merest shams . The few wlio do rise from the labouring masses , do so only to become identified with the classes who live by usury , rents , and profits . They do not diminish , but add , to the burdens of those whose labour has to sustain
the whole superincumbent weight of the social edifice . More—every addition to the number of competitors in the commercial classes increases that pressure . In order to command trade , they run a suicidal race of competitive cheapness , and indemnify themselves by reducing wages . Hence the continual industrial insurrections , " which make their appearance in every part of the country , and in every section of industry . Hence the last aud worst exhibitions of this constant
aggression of the capitalist , to he found in the cellars and garrets of the slop workers of almost every trade . The interests of capital and labour , under our present arrangements , instead of being identical are antagonistic . 2 v " or does political economy hold out any practical measure for reconciling them . So far from that , all its tendencies are to increase existing evils , and to exacerbate the hostile feelings generated by this mal-arrangemeut of the primary elements of society .
Now , the reason we presume why Mr . O'Connor and Lord J . Manners are more popular with " the millions " than Mr . Co-ems and the economists , is , that they propose , whether rightly or wrongly , certain plans by which men are recognised as men , not looked upon as mere cogs in tho wheels of a vast machinery for turning out wealth , to he enjoyed by those who are strong or cunning
enough to carry off the lion ' s share . One of the greatest blessings to the labouring classes , in the opinion of some eminent economists , is , that they should become totall y dependent on wages , inasmuch as they are thereby converted into skilled , regular workmen , and the industrial system works smoothly . A mixed system of independent exertion , and hired labour—or personal industry—carried on with a view to the direct
maintenance of the individual by his own exertions , is deprecated by such philosophers as a great social evil . Mr . O'Connor , on the other hand , would prefer to see every man in possession of an independent labour-field ; and as far as we understand Lord J . Mansers , he , too , is anxious that the poorest man should possess his plot of ground , aud be elevated and strengthened by the conviction that he has a proprietary stake in the public hedge ,
Such p roposals may not cohere very well with the symmetrical dovelopcmeut of our gigantic manufacturing and commercial system ; but that is no reason why tliey should not be entertained , and—where practicableadopted . The testimony of eminent , writers and careful observers , like SiSMOXDl , Laixg , Kay , Ixglis , Symoxs , and . a host of others , who hare devoted attention to this subject , proves that the diffusion of property among tfle mass of the community , is alwavs coincident *>* an increased amount of ph y sical comfort , and of hi gh moral qualities . Even in a productive and economical point of view ,
Who Lead The Millions 1 Speaking Of Mr. ...
the sum total of the agricultural wealth produced by the small proprietary system , ii superior to that resulting from large farming . We could adduce numerous proofs of-1 the truth of this statement . But We is so triumphant arid conclusive a demonstration , that it is unnecesiary to cite more . ' . -The island of Guernsey contains twenty-four statute square miles , and 15 , 360 statute acres of land . At tbe last census it bad a population of 2 £ , 3 i 9 persons , or above 1 , 000 to the square mile . We shall not , perhaps , overrate its present amount , if we take it at 1 , 200 to the square mile . Previous to the famine in Ireland , and
the thinning of the country by evictions , star ration , disease , pestilence ; and emigration , the number of persons in " overpopulated " Ireland was only 223 to the square mile , or a difference on the same surface of more than five to one . But this is not all . These twenty-five or twenty-six thousand persons on a small island , not the size of the estates of some of our smaller squires , contrive , not only to exist by means of their labour , but to exist in a degree of comfort unknown to the peasantry , not only of Ireland , but of many of our agricultural counties in England . Even the poorest in Guernsey eat
daily wholesome bread , and they import largely fat oxen and sheep—for which they pay , by an exportation of native cows , pigs , and potatoes . Almost every Guernsey man has a comfortable home to live in , a clean bed to sleep upon , and abundance of warm and decent clothing . There is comparatively no want , no beggary ; a wandering mendicant is not to be seen in town or country , as the native poor are amply provided for . If many estates , of 15 , 000 acres , in southern English
counties , had as many hundred inhabitants as Guernsey has thousands , the proprietor would be thinking of means of cutting down the redundant population . The cottages would be suffered to fall into rains , and the erection of new ones be strictly forbidden . The labourers would be forced to reside in distant " open parishes , " in order to deprive them of a claim to parochial relief , and each winter would witness its annual consignment of pauper slavery to the union workhouse . Such is the actual
working of our . large proprietory system , in many instances within our own knowledge . Let us contrast it with tbe account which Mr . Frederick Hill , the intelligent Government Inspector of Prisons in Scotland , tells US of Guernsey : — - ' The happiest community which it has ever been my lot to fall in with , is tobs found in tho little island of Guernsey . The picturei of want , filth , and crime , which so frequently shock the eye of humanity in our own conntry , and which appear to a still greater extent in Ireland , and in many parts of France , are not to be met with , but , in their stead , are to be seen the happy sign of abundance , comfort , and contentment . The poor man has his neat little house , is surrounded by Ms cheerful family , and , is under no apprehension that he shall not be able , with
moderate labour , to provide a full meal and a comfortable lodging for all who are dependent upon him : What are the cause * of this superior state of things in Guernsey ? Why is it that , within so short a distance of places where the pining labourer is hut half fed and half clad , the man of Guernsey should have a well stored board and abundance tf clothing ! The climate is not peculiar—the land is not remarkably fertile . The southern parts of England lire quite equal to Guernsey in both these particulars . How is it then , that Guernsey should be so much ahead in the career of happiness « Guernsey has superior laws—superior institutions . And the state at things in Guernsey is one among the thousand proofs that hare been given , that the prosperity and happiness of a people are made more de . pendent on its laws , institutions , and the manner in which its government is carried on , than on climate and fertility of the soil . '
Such is tbe state of things that Mr . O'Con-KOR wishes to see supersede our present misery-creating institutions . In order to the attainment of that object , he seeks in the first instance to secure the right of self-government to the whole people , in the belief that " superior laws and superior institutions" would follow as a necessary consequence . In the estimation of the Times , and the organs of the fcottryeowte , Mr . O'CONNOR may be very wrong for believing in the practicability and tho necessity of such changes . " The millions" may show great ignorance and credulity in following such a leader , instead of " a political economist , " but all we can . say is , that the faith of the one is justified by
facts , and the confidence of the other by no means unnatural , when the prospects offered by Mr . O'Connor and the political economists to the labouring " masses , " are contrasted with each other . Certainly Free Trade and unrestrained Competition , in conjunction with Mammoth mills , and whole counties in the hands of one proprietor , have not succeeded in producing such comfort as small estates and high culture , by persons having a proprietory interest in the soil , has done in Guernsey , and does everywhere when it has a fair trial . Tbe appeal to facts is against the " economists . " We need not say why the appeal to the natural instincts of humanity s liould be so also .
If we had a People ' s Parliament , these questions would-not be discussed from the exclusive point of view they now are . The representatives of what ire may term the natural , as well as the associative , schools of social science , would have a chance of being heard also . At present they are dumb in Parliament , and almost unheard of in the Press ; yet , despite of this exclusion from the use of the most potent instruments for the creation of public opinion ,, such is the ready response which their doctrines find in the hearts of the unvitiated masses , that they cling to tho advocates of a more just and humane system of society , despite of calumny , ridicule , and misrepresentation .
It is not to be concealed that Parliamentary Reform would be but the avant courier of Social Reforms , but these latter would be gradually introduced in accordance with the gradual growth of public opinion . They would be carried into effect by the constitutional machinery of the nation , with theleast possible displacement of existing interests . Tliey would naturally include all classes of society in the range of their immediate and prospective benefits , and they would at once greatly
dimmish , and finally extinguish the portentous and deplorable class antagonism which now exists . The Chartist and Social Reformers are , therefore , the truest Conservatives . Those who endeavour to prop up a system founded upon injustice , and productive of grievous oppression and misery , are alone responsible for the volcanic explosions of revolutionary violence , which are the natural reaction in such cases , and which bury in ^ distinguishable aud indiscriminate ruin , alike the-good and the evil .
The Untaxed Press Of America At The Rece...
THE UNTAXED PRESS OF AMERICA At the recent meeting against the " Taxes on Knowled ge , '' at St . Martin ' s Hall , a gentleman exhibited a large and well-printed New York newspaper , the price of wliich was only one penny ! On tho following day the great apostle and representative of the newspaper monopoly , took up the cudgels on behalf of the high-priced British article , and decried , with might and main , the literary , political , and moral qualities of the American press The " Times" set forth , with special emphasis , the immense expense it incurs . n procuring intelligence from all quarters of the world— the outlay necessary for full reports of all public
proceedings—parliamentary , legal , and miscellaneous ; the liberal salaries required by the superior writers engaged in the literary political , and commercial departments , and ' a host of other items , with the view oi' persuading the render that a good article cannot be got at a lower price . We confess ourselves so stupid as not to see the conclusiveness of the argument deduced from tho facts It appears , to us , that if the " Times" had not to pay a duty of three-halfpence for every pound of paper it consumes—if it had . not to pay a one penny stamp on every first sheet , and one halfpenny on every supplemental sheet it issues , that it would have more money hit for foreign correspondents , telegraphic despatches , talented writers , parliamentary and law reporters , and
The Untaxed Press Of America At The Rece...
a ]] ii ; e other classes who live" by contributing to the o mnivjrous columns of the daily newspaper . The amount paid to tbe Chancellor , of the Exchequer does not of itself augment but diminish the sum' at the disposal of . the newspaper , proprietor , either as capital to be employed in the improvement and extension of his property , or as fair and legitimate profit on his investment , risk , and labour , The compensation in the case of the " Times " really consists , in keeping out . of the market an y competitor , and giving it a virtual monopolyby means of which it accumulates
, enormous profits , and secures , at the same time , an influence both at home and abroad , wliich it neither deserves by its political consistency and integ rity nor the veracity of its intelligence , from foreign countries especially . But it is not necessary to argue the question in the abstract . We turn to our last file of American papers now ly ing on our table . The "New York Tribune , " dated the 26 th of February , for Europe , is a paper of the same shape , and nearly the size of the "N orthern Star , " Taking into account the large proporti on of small type in which it is contains
printed , we shquld say it quite as much matter as an ordinary number of this journal . Its price is " six cents '—equivalent to three-halfpence of our money . Aa to its contents , they are of the most varied , and , in many instances , most interesting and important description . It is true , as the " Times " remarks , that the debates in Congress are not reported at the length p roceedings in Parliament are reported with us , or , in fact , reported at all in the sense we use the word . But that , so far from being a drawback , will perhaps be a recommendation . How many thousands are there who , in our own country , content themselves with a glance over " the summary " of eur morning papers , and would think it little
less than madness to dream of wading through the close-packed , formidable , and interminable columns of a " heavy night" in Parliament ? In all other respects , the " New York Tribune " shows , in every column , evidence of a large and liberal outlay . Telegraphic expresses , from almost every quarter of the vast continent , attest the activity of its agents . From every point of the compass , correspondence of the " most varied character pour in from recognised contributors . Among these we recognise the names' of persons of established reputation , not only for talent , but the most exalted patriotism and philanthropy . JULES Le CHEVALIER is the regular correspondent from this country . H . DoHEUir used to fill that situation in France . The Italian and German
correspondence is exceedingly well-written , and the Princess Belqmso , who took so prominent and so noble a part in the war for Italian Independence , contributes admirable and graphic letters from Turkey . Mr . Greeley , the proprietor and editor , is not only an able , but a liberal writer—far , very far in advance of most waiters iu our newspapers of equal standing and influence . To see such articles as he writes on the Labour Question in one of our leading journals , would make some people think the world had come to an end . The
reviews of new books are well done—tbe leading articles , if not quite up to our notions in point of style , are , we think , far sounder in principle , and certainly animated by a far nobler and more philanthropic spirit . The defects of the ¦ " Tribune , " such as they appear to us , are evidently the natural growth of American society , and the state of opinion among the people for whom the paper is published . We need not imitate these defectsnay , we could not . A free and unrestricted Press must , in all cases , naturally reflect the predominant characteristics of popular opinion and national character .
But here is a still greater wonder in its way , though not , we think , to be compared to " The Tribune" in point of talent , directness of purpose , or breadth of view . The weekly "New York Sun " contains thirty-two very long Columns of closely printed matter , embracing literature and news from all parts of the world , and not a small number of advertisements . It is sold for one penny ! The " Daily Sun'' sells for one halfpenny ! For one dollar a year—four shillings and twopence of our money—the postman will weekly stop at the door of the mechanic , in towns and cities hundreds or thousands of miles from Now York , with his paper . The lone settler in forest or prairie , by its means , for the same price , can be weekly brought into communication with
the whirl and stir of active life . His fireside need not stagnate into the ignorant swamp , or become the helpless vacuity , which are the characteristics of too many of the cottages of our own peasantry . IVor does it , Tile enterprise and activit y which impels the population of the States forward ; tho vigour with which they address themselves to the mighty task of subduing , populating , and fertilising the immense Continent , of which they are destined to be the sole masters , are the best proofs of the efficiency of a free , and unfettered , and cheap Press . We . do not speak of the political effects . On that point there may bedifferences of opinion , and on this occasion it is not needful to discuss them '; but here the results are obvious and undeniable .
Even in an industrial and economical view the advantages conferred by the absence of Taxes on Knowledge are powerful reasons wh y they should be abolished in this country , where new outlets for capital and new sources of employment are so greatl y needed . We will not speak of the increased labour that would be required by an extension aud increase of paper mills , and the application of that material to new and varied purposes . But as a striking , practical illustration of the manner in wliich a Free Press calls talent and labour into
requsition , and helps to circulate money , we shall condense from the " New York Sun " some facts connected with the establishment fovymutiug these half-penny daily , and penny weekly , newspapers . The number for the 5 th of February , contains an account of the first exhibition of the " Sun Monster Press" or machine , constructed by Colonel Richard M . Hoe , aud of a complimentary diimer given to him by the proprietors afterwards , at Astor House . From that account we gather that this gigantic machine has-eight cylinders , and can be run
at various rates of speed , so as to throw off ffoml 2 000 to 20 , 000 copiesanhour . This beats the last and largest machine of the " Times , " constructed by Messrs . Appxegarth & Co ., b y , we believe , at least 8 , 000 copies an hour . It is only one of the machines sot in motion by a steam-engine of twenty horse power , to turn out fifty thousand reams of printed paper yearly . The cost of this amount of paper without duty ) is 150 , 000 dollars , or £ 30 , 000 . The machine by which twenty thousand sheets are priuted in an hour , cost 20 , 000 dollars , or i' 4 , 000 . The premises in which the
various operations are carried on , literary and industrial , are eight stories in height , with a frontage of one hundred and thirteen feet , one way , and sixty feet another . The type consumed yearly costs 10 , 000 dollars— £ 2 , 000 . Two hundred persons are engaged on the premises , Whose Salaries and wages amount to 80 , 000 dollars , ( £ 10 , 000 ) annually . Besides this , there tire expenses for telegraphic despatches , correspondents and reporters , so that the establishment gives support , directly and indirectly , to upwards of five hundred families .
vve place these statistics against those so ostentatiously paraded by the "Times . " Tliey prove that tho fostering care of a virtual monopoly is not required to rear up and sustain gigantic newspaper establishments , but that these can be created and supported as well on halfpence and pence , as the magic firepence , neither more nor less , which the " Times " thinks essential to the existence of Journalism .
The Untaxed Press Of America At The Rece...
Until wd secure the abolition of the taxes which necessitate that high price , there can never be a working-man's newspaper in this country . . With the best possible intentions , those who aspire to inctruct him , to guide him , to struggle . with , and for him , are constantly foiled . The Stamp-Ofilcfl and the Excise have built up barriers which they cannot pass . Above ' all , the idea of a daily journal in this country , devoted to the interests of the industrial classes , and faithfully representing their sentiments and feelings on public questions is an impossibility , while the Chancellor of the Exchequer is allowed to continue a censorship— all the more disgraceful to our Government—because it is concealed in the guise of fiscal impositions .
Let' our readers contrast their condition with respect to the supply of mental aliment and political instruction , with that of the people in the United States , and then see how much we are indebted to our kind and paternal Government for the care it takes to prevent their minds being poisoned , and their loyalty weakened by cheap newspapers . Politicians and Priests are two classes who seem always to have a great antipathy to knowledge . Where they have their own way
it is entirely suppressed , because they instinctively feel their power is based on the igno ranee and apathy of the m asses . '' They hate light , and love darkness , their deeds being evil . " What inference ought to he drawn by the people ? Why , that their first and most earnest efforts should be directed to let the light of knowledge in upon our land , and to make it irradiate the darkest corners . Whatever may be the case in privileged classes , the people , as a whole , must gain by having everything done in the full blaze of day .
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Parliamentary. •The Standing Dieh Of The...
PARLIAMENTARY . The standing dieh of the week has heen the Ministerial measure , with reference to the new Papal Hierarchy . The Irish Members have shown a determined hostility to it ; with the exception of Mr . Goulboubn , all the old Peelites who have spoken on the question have been against Legislation in this casetaking their cue from Sir James Gbaham and Lord Aberdeen . The sons of the late Sir Pv . Peel take opposite sides . The successor to the name and title of the late Statesman ,
in a maiden speech of considerable ability , avowed himself an enemy to the grasping and insidious policy of the Roman Court , and gave considerable force to that avowal , by declaring that , he had come to that conclusion , after a calm and quiet observation of the actual working of the Roman Catholic system on the Continent , while engaged in the performance of the diplomatic functions , from which the melancholy and untimely death of his father recalled him . Mr . Fredebick Peel , expressly
trained by his father for a Parliamentary life , follows Sir J . Gbaham , who , since the demise of the late Sir Bobekt , appears to be looked up to as the " guide , philosopher , and friend " of the Third Party . This is , we fear , only one instance of the effect this irritating and vexatious question will have in producing divisions , not only among great public parties , hut among members of the same household , and those who are bound together by ties of family and friendship .
Mr . Baiixie defeated the new dodge of Lord John ' s with great promptitude and judgment . The Premier took advantage on a motion of censure on tbe Government policy in Ceylon , being placed on the books , to announce that until that was decided upon he would withhold the Budget and all other important Government business . Now , this vote of censure has been hanging over the heads of the Ministry for the last three years . It was , and is , the only fitting termination to
the extraordinary and protracted investigation into Lord Tormsgton ' s administration by a parliamentary committee , and come when it may , the decision should be a judicial one on the merits of the case , not based upon party exigencies , or decided by the impure and prejudiced motives of party hacks . That the delay was a mere pretext for the purpose of getting up a show of temporary strength , and fabricating " political capital , " now greatly needed by the bankrupt Ministry , is evident , from the fact that at the close of last session
Mr . Husffiput a similar motion on the notice book . There it has stood ever since the 4 th of February , and yet the virtuous indignation —the high-toned sensitiveness which leads Lord John and his pet governor to wince , at the idea of a single day being allowed to intervene unnecessssirily between the announcement of a vote of censure and its decision , has never before manifested itself . It looks dreadfully suspicious , this new-born chivalry . If Lord John had demanded of Mr . Hume , on tho first day of the session , that his motion should be brought forward forthwith , we could have given him credit for sincerity , but , as it is , in the emphatic monosyllable of Mr , Burcheli , we cry " Fudge !"
The member for Inverness-shire seems to have been of the same opinion , for he very wisely determined not to be the scape-goat of the noble lord , and by withdrawing lus motion iu the meantime , has placed his lordship and his wooden Chancellor of the Exchequer in such a position , that they must , perforce , try their hands once more at a Budget . "What new monstrosity next week may give birth to , it is impossible to say , or even to imagine . But this is certain , that it will be essentiall y a mere makeshift—ajtemporary provision for the exigencies of the year , and when it is disposed of the Parliament and the Ministry will come to ati end together .
The bill of Mr . Baikes for protecting parish apprentices and servants from the brutflity of then- employers , has progressed a stage , aud the hypocritical and pharasaical measure foipreventing Sunday Trading in the Metropolis has be en read a second time , for the purpose of being referred to a Select Committee , where , we hope , it vill bo rendered innocuous . IF not , the friends of social freedom must bestir themselves to ensure its final rejection by Parliament , as a gross , unwarrantable , and most injurious interference with the interests of a numerous and struggling class of the community , as well as a means of depriving many of the working classes of the few conveniences and comforts afforded by the present system .
In the Upper House , there has been some talk of law reforms in various branches , and bills have been introduced by Lord Brougham and Lord Campbell . Of course with the present ricketty Government , and unsettled state of Parliamentary parties , they will begin and end their career in that House this year . A grand party display is promised , however by the announcement of Lord Torrington that it his intention to forestall Mr . Baillie bv submitting his conduct as Governor of Cevlon to the judgment of his peers . This witf no doubt , be one of tho most exciting affairs of the Session .
,... , . "OME NEWS . With tho exception of scattered meetings on tno lapnl A ggression question , the public mmd contmui-s in the same singularly apathetic state which has characterised it throughout the whole of the recent Ministerial Crisis . The connection between the people and their socalled representatives seems to be of the slcncewst . kind-sympath y between them is at jora Tho ultra-Protectionist party seem dcternuHed to make a vigorous attempt for a stringent bill against the invasion of Dr . vuSEMAN . A meeting at Southwark , on Wednesday night , was signalised by extremely strong language , and great excitement on the part of the audience . One reverend gentleman denounced the Roman . Catholic re-
Parliamentary. •The Standing Dieh Of The...
hgion as a conspiracy against life and liberty and demanded such a measure as no Jesuit could evade ; and if Cardinal Wi 8 EMAN and his co-conspirators broke it , the only nunint , ment should be to send them out of tu ± . 4 ii . ii .. * » . ' cou ntry . All this is ominous of increased bitterness on . this question . The dangers to which our industrial noun lation are continually subject in tho prosecu turn of their labour , have been denlorablJ
illustrated this-week by a series of Severn accidents—the two most prominent beiuo- thJ of the colliery in Scotland , and the mill I Stockport . In the first case , aixty . one " „ perished ; m the second , nineteen JLS five badly wounded . No coroner ' s fiS bang held in Scotland , the probability ia tW tbe cause of so large a sacrifice of life wSl never be ascertained ; and from the fwnnm . nl .
ot accidents of this kind , it would aeem eith that Sir G . Grey ' s bill of k 5 t Session is inoL fective , or that the coal-ma ters have com bined to prevent its operation . A defect in the construction of the boiler at Stockport ia said to have caused the lamentable waste of life and property there . A deputation on the subject of the repeal of tho Advertisement Dut y va 8 receive d bv the Premier with the usual official courtesy and dismissed , as usual , as wise with respect to Ministerial intentions as when they entered his presence . Whig Ministers Seem very much disposed to make deputations look as farcical as all other kinds of public business with which they are connected .
In Ireland , the pro-Catholic agitation gains strength , and an idea of the power of the priesthood may be gathered from the fact that tbe appeal of Primate Culles , on behalf of a Roman Catholic University , is likely to be answered by a subscription of £ 20 , 000 . Pretty well for pauperised Ireland < The difficult legal question having been solved , as to whether criminals , acquitted on a charge of murder , are , by law ,
amenable to a charge of assault , the Birds have at length received the uery severe sentence of sixteen months' imprisonment . Their punishment , however , will be more in pocket than in person . The lawyers have , no doubt , reaped a good harvest , but as all the corn has been extracted , chaff would not procure a writ of error . Their sentence will date from August—the time of their conviction—and affidavits for a mitigation of their punishment have been forwarded to the Secretary of State . Gibbs has been tried for poisoning her
fellow-servant and her mistress , at Laugharne , and acquitted of both charges . Although she had confessed her guilt , it was contended that the arsenic procured by Mr . Severae , and placed in the store-room where the chest of oatmeal was also kept , might have fallen into the chest when the oatmeal was low . That this oatmeal might then have been used to make gruel for Mrs . Severae ; that then the chest might have been refilled ; but , when used down to the impregnated oatmeal in two months , the remaining portion of arsenic was
again taken up , being mixed with the oatmeal used to thicken the gruel . The oatmeal , however , that remained in tbe chest had been used by the family after the servant ' s death , without any injurious consequences . Looking at the evidence , we have no moral doubt as to the guilt of the prisoner ; but juries will not convict in cases where the punishment is irrevocable , if a doubt exists . Like Sabah Chesham , she ia again let loose on society ; but we hope that , unlike this doomed culprit , another murder may not lead to her strangulation .
FOREIGN AND COLONIAL . Matters wear their usual aspect in France . The various parties plot and counterplot in view of the Presidential election in 1852 , but however hostile to each other the dominant factions may be , all of them take care to keep a tight rein upon ihe people . The proscription of free opinion in the press is more rigorous than at any former time , even in Fa-ance . M .
Bestin , the conductor of the Debats , has been fined for inserting a letter in that journal , signed by a subscriber , but not giving the personal signature of the writer . That so cautious and conservative a paper as this should be caught in the meshes of the net devised to catch and silence the French Press , is a proof of the ingenuity of those who framed the law , not less than the unsparing and relentless hostility of those in power to the great exponent of public opinion .
A pamphlet containing the speeches delivered at the " Banquet of Equals , " at Highbury Barn , on the occasion of celebrating the anniversary of the Revolution of 1848 , having been printed for circulation in France , it has been seized , and penalties inflicted on the parties connected with its publication . By a series of prosecutions , followed by repeated and increasing fines and imprisonment , the authorities have succeeded in putting down the Vote Universel and other journals belonging to tbe popular party . Hostility to freedom of speech , as well as to freedom of printing , has manifested itself in the removal of the celebrated Michelet from his professor ' s chair in the University of Paris . MlCHELET is one of the
most powerful and popular exponents of the new ideas which have taken such deep root in France . He is at the same time the most determined and fearless opponent of despotism , both secular and ecclesiastical . To silence such a man , not only shows the animus of the ruling powers , but it forebodes a terrible reaction and retribution when the measure of their tyranny is full . A question as to the election of the officers of the National Guard has revived the topic of Universal Suffrage , under rather peculiar circumstances .
According to the constitution of that body the officers are periodically elected by Universal Suffrage . The Assembl y contends that the right of the National Guards is controlled and limited by the same measure which mutilated the franchise of the nation . The Preside d and the Ministry , after pretending that they wished the VOtillg to be UUlversnl , for the sake of cultivating little
a fictitious popularity , have given way to the reactionary party in the Chamber . From time to time rumours of a Parliamentary administration being formed , make the round Of the salons and the journals , and end in nothing , m . Bonaparte seems to rub on tolerabl y v „ ll with his extra parliamentary tools or advisers , whichever the reade r pleases to call them . r
In Germany , the policy of Austria , which seemed so triump hant a few weeks ago , has received a decided check . The aggressive and threatening attitude assumed by Prince Scwuartzekberg , not only towards Switzerland , but the whole of the smaller German States , has been succeeded by an ostentatious moderation of tone and maimer . "The grapes are sour . " Prussia is regaining cou . rage , and the pliant Makteuppel is in disgrace . Other States are kicking against the Cossack rule , to which they were so nearly subjected ; and the Austrian * tools of Russian policy , upon looking close at home , find that
open war m support ot their aggressive designs , would onl y be the signal for the commenccment ot a struggle in which Peoples , as well as Princes , would take part . It is understood also that French aud British diplomacy have recovered from the syncope , in which tliey appear to have been for ' some time past , am . intimated to Austria the disapprobation oi the Governments of these two countries , or the course it was pursuing . It was high time for both to show they were alive
i-J i i from toe United States brings little of political importance . President Fill-5 f 0 KE shows himself a keen supporter of the pro-slavery policy , and is determind to uphold the Fuglt , v Slave Bill at all hazards . Mr . Seorge Thompson has met with roug h usage ,
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), March 22, 1851, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_22031851/page/4/
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