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A /. e *• , ¦/; ;» .^ -.-'. ('it *». .-....
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fuetrpo
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jUE^BEBDBEK^S WELCOME TO * . VCOHHOB, M ...
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ftebieto*
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TiTHE RIGHT OF THE ARISTOCRACY TO TH SOI...
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Tkt National Zand and Laoour Bank. By Ge...
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Trartfa.theltetian Jacketscmd Smocklracl...
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An Appeal to Ae slumbering energies of t...
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Seasons for appealing to the Middle Clas...
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r. . . ¦*¦¦'¦, The Results of the Flecti...
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Statement as to the state of Turnpike Tr...
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Maebmt* i Rmlwan, Monthly Time Tablet. M...
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AbdHeywod' s Worling Man's Ahnanachjbr t...
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&T Mr Sillett'siVaahea* System of Spade ...
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TIVERTON. THE PEOPLE TRIUMPHANT! ' , '' ...
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Thb Biro op a Market Day.—The body of Mr...
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~ f< THE SWISSQUESTION. < (From a 'tract...
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# The divided Cantons such as Basle, Yal...
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Tonbbidgb.—Fire—On Tuesday evening last ...
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. proctorjea^so^./we^upfV | Unt^|^:%H ti...
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
A /. E *• , ¦/; ;» .^ -.-'. ('It *». .-....
A / . e *• , ¦/; ;» . ^ -.- ' . (' it *» . .-. \ t tj \ -Aft :- " ifiji ) ' "" - "" . ' . " ^" . lr . - " , ^ T"T '" . rSr ;'^ T' ~ : ' .. ' ^ ' ^ r . _ rr— ~~~ - -- ¦ w ' " " ¦ '"* " ' l / i O 0 T 0 BBR ~ »» fjr ' xo 4 : 7 « ..: ¦ ¦ .. " * ' ^* " * ™ " * *~~*^ j ^^ i ^ .. ~ - ~ v . ^ : THE NORTHERN STAR , ; , - ¦¦ ¦ .:.. ¦¦ ¦ ¦ .- ¦ - ^ ¦¦ :- ¦ . , - , - , s
Fuetrpo
fuetrpo
Jue^Bebdbek^S Welcome To * . Vcohhob, M ...
jUE ^ BEBDBEK ^ S WELCOME TO * . VCOHHOB , M . P BS BOBBXT riTOLAT . ilir , Dainty Jhtie . ) Meet us on the bridge of Dee , O'Connor , brave O'Connor , We wnt meet and welcome thee , Generous brave O'Connor . Our hardy sons into the north Shall welcome thee , thou man of worth ; Bight gladly they'U that day come forth , To meet and do thte honour . Meet us on the bridge of Dee , 4 c .
Right proud are we to understand . That Ernest Jones goes hand in hand , Along with thee to Old Scotland , TheUnd of hills and heather , Meet us on the bridge of Dee .
The Charter it shall foremost go . The Land Plan follow np the blow , That will Is j tyranny how low . And then shalt lead , O'Connor . Meet us oa the bridge of Dee , And when the day ' s proceedings o ' er , The' fustians' they in crowds shall pour , To spend an evening * * flappyjionr , Along with brave O'Connor . Meet us on the bridge of Dee , Thine enemies may growl and bite , The vile Dispatch , tell lies for opite , And SommerviUe for pelf Bay write , But none can thee dishonour . Hoet us on the bridge of Dee .
The Chartists here all to a man , Unfalteringly will by thee stand , ' rThate ' er the vile press gang may plan , Against onr brave O'Connor . Meet us on the bridge of Dee , O'Connor , brave O'Connor , We wOl meet and welcome thee , Generousi brave O'Connor .
Ftebieto*
ftebieto *
Tithe Right Of The Aristocracy To Th Soi...
TiTHE RIGHT OF THE ARISTOCRACY TO TH SOIL , CONSIDERED . By Johh Noakss . London : Effingham Wilson , Royal Exchange . We can heartily express onr approval of thi < pgpamphlet . and oar wish that it may be eztenslrelj cj circulated . * John Noakea * sets sab by laying dowr fr two postulates , that—Till one man can show a better right than another u a ataing , ttis equall y the property of all . Stolen properly continues to he stolen property as lonj
a as it remains in the possession of the thief , and no lapse 0 of time , sale , or otter disposal of it , can cancel the claim C of him from whom it was stolen . From these postulates , John Noakea draws the ( dsdnetion that the soil cannot , by the principles of 2 natural justice , befcddM property by private persons , 1 but belongs equally to all . After questioning the i right of Francis Russell , commonly called Duke of j Bedford , to tbe estates held by him , he proceeds to i review ' the original foundation of onr territorial aris-1 toeracy after the following manner : —
We said that the right of these men to the ¦ oil was the right of the a word , that is , the sword of the foreigner , "William ef Normandy . That gentleman crossed over fromKormandy some years ago , via . in 1068 , and with an army landed in Sussex : being opposed on his landing fajMng Harold , he fought it out , and fighting overcame , isA established himself in the monarchy . As he sneceede 3 , he was called king and his authority acknowledged ; bad be faOad , be wonld have expiated his sins with his blood as a foreign invader : but be was victor , and by that victory he assumed right in the soil of England and disposed of it at his pleasure , andthe most valid
and unimpeachable tenure of land of the most noble and indent families is that which is grounded open the grants made by tbe said William . Ho better title can possibly be possessed , and bnt a very small proportion can show so good a one . Now try this right , not by tho enactments of any particular king or parliament , bnt by the principles of natural justice , and then will it stand ! Is William ' s seizure of tbe land * anything more than the robber ' s seSznreof the traveller ' s money , when he has lnockedii < aon thehead and overpowered ban » Ismlght tight ! In the court of reason will a claim , so grounded , stand ? Not for a moment .
But suppose a claim to be traced to an earlier date still , and the land not to have been seized by the power of the sword , tat bought and pail for ; what then , Is not the possessor ' s tenure valid inreasonx No ; forofwhom was it originally bought * Of tbe man that bad appropriated that to which he could prove no right , and sold it . Take for example William Penn ' s purchase of land from the North American Indians ; William Penn ' s de-Geeudanta aud representatives cannot at individualihold pmate property hi land m virtue of that purchase . Beerase tbe North American Indians did not make the
ground , it was not their property : they were born on it , tbey hunted on it , they lived on it , but they had no right to sell it outright ; and thereby assume a property in it to the end of time . They had only a life interest in it , as every man has in the soil of bis country ; bnt for an existing generation or family to sell the soil , is to sell what does not belong to them , and to rob the coming generations of that property in it , to which they for their lives have as much light as their predecessors . 'John Koakes' proceeds to argue that the only private property a man can have are his person and his labour . The ground belongs an much to ene as another , and equally to alL 1
' Johnreplies to the objection , 'that land being waste and wilderness , unoccupied and unclaimed , or even unkaoirn , any one discovering it , and expending Ms labour on it , to bring it into cultivation and fruitfulness , does thereby acquire a better right than any one eke thereto , and that nobody being able to prove so ' good aright as he it is lawfully his . ' To this ' John' answers * that whatis ihefrvit tfihe man'alo-Dsitr is hHOwn , butnothingelse : the increased fruit fulness of the soil being wrought by him is his , but the soil ibelf not being the work of bis hands , cannat by any such operation become his property . ' After disposing of the abstract right of the community to the soil , ' John Koakes * answers the . inquiry , how is the community to hold the land , and in what way can it be possessed or cultivated , except as it is , private property ?
The answer is simple . All we contend for is , that the proceeds of the land should be public property , and this need not interfere with the possession of a single tenant only be pays his rent not to my Lord Duke , bnt to the National Exchequer , as tbe land-steward of the natior . Neither wonld we interfere with the possession of my Lord Bake during his lifetime ; we wonld have respect unto vested interests , and wonld show some ten . derness even to an invalid possession , if obtained nnder the forms of law : hut at bis death let the people resume
their property , and put a stop to that inequality and frightful disproportion which now obtains , of some few men possessing rast territories ; and gigantic revennes ; counting their year ' s income by hundreds of thousands , while a large praporrion of the people can barely obtain the means of subsistence ; and if this should in any case lead to tod abrupt a transition in circumstances , a limited annuity or other soTormm might be granted to the next heir . I am no leveller , except as levelling as justice £ 1 am not the advocate of community of property , or of the abolition of gradations in society , for that is
inevitable . : 'John Noakea * is not to be frightened by being told that his ideas are revolutionary ; ' England has before now been saved by revolution , and the present generation owe a good deal to past revolutionists . ' The pt ople must seek redress for themselves ; if they cwnot get it inlaw , they must get it without law . Djesthis sound seditious ? Never mind the sound or the appearance , but jadge righteous judgtnent / ' _ | , We pass over many good things which jwe should like to quote , including a notice of the rise of that parasite of old Harry ' s , Mr John Russell , the founder of the Bedfordfamily- Wemust , however , quote thefoliowing for the benefit of the apathetic , tte that
idle and the timid , who are everlastingly urging it « is not the time , ' as if it were ever too soon to Renounce wrong , assert the right , and demand justice . Do you ask is this discussion timely ? Do yon thina the land owners are too firmly seated ever to be unseated ! or if ever , that the discussion is premature ! I answer , we make it timely by discussing it . It will never become timely by the mere lapse of time j « t must be discussed and agitated , aud discussit when you may , it will be a stormy , discussion . We don ' t suppose people will hear their title to what they consider their own , questioned , without anger , and in many cases abase and imprecation . Bat it is as timely sow , aa it is likely of itself to be , and if it gets much agitated , you will find , it much more timely in the course of a few
Thoseh differing with « John Noakea * upon one or two points , we feel bound to repeat our . earnest wisa that his pamphlet maybe widely read . The time will come when eight centuriesrf wrong . androbberr mast be compensated for by tbe acknowledg menfof right and the work of restitution , and John KoakeV timely production will , we hope , do some thhutowards hastening that better tune .
Tkt National Zand And Laoour Bank. By Ge...
Tkt National Zand and Laoour Bank . By George Canddet . Hyde : Slater , Market-street , "fre are well pleased to be able to speak in warm terms of commendation of this small tract , wnien fflustra ' ea the old Baying , that * P «> d staff is tapped up in small bundles . ' Mr Candelet addr esses his 'Letter * to Odd Fellows . Foresters , Druid ? , and other Benefit Societies , calling their attention to the National Land and Labour Bank , fxplaiwn ? ita security , the amount of profit on its deposits , &» ., & e . This tract should be purchased wholesale by the members of the Land Society for general distribution . We throw out a hint to our Scottish friends ; you ought to get something similar to Mr . Candelet ' s pamphlet printed , and JOU hare & man well fitted to perform the labour oi wrinnesnch a pamphlet , —Mr Edward Burrel ) . of Greenock , a man whose pen should place him above the
Tkt National Zand And Laoour Bank. By Ge...
fear of want , ani beyondthe caprices of a « muter The . appeal from Greenock ; . !* T behairofffi " rW rell . which Jately appeared in onr ^ KM to be univerully responded to , for the taleateof B make him an honour to his dan ; ~" ** MiHr j } «
Trartfa.Theltetian Jacketscmd Smocklracl...
Trartfa . theltetian Jacketscmd Smocklracls ' By fifES * * " * s ^ : B , BncknatLS ' J ^ A ^ SSS tf ^ i ^ eas ** ?^ CnarteVwI tbte ?*? BBflf theSix Points of the Th ^ rftbT « nstiamt y » M reye aled in the Bible . ehaSp ^ S ^ H coura 8 e of no orain « 7 ffSiZfSz ttirs & ts
A great deal has been said aboat the respectability of trades and professions , and one occupation Is often extolled as mere dignified than another , when the real fact is thataU honest employments , whether of the body or mind , - are essentially honourable . The scavenger who aweepsour streets and keeps our drains clear , does more for the publi c health than the most skilful physi dan in the land . The former keeps away disease , the laitec only cures it , and every one allows that « prevention is better thancure . ' 'Tis true the doctor may be the mere polite and learned man of the two , but then that is not the fault of the scavenger . If the clergy and gentry he . had done their duty , the man who sweeps our streets
would have been , in his manners and morals , ao perfect a gentleman as any other person in the land . The clirgy man who delivers the sermon , and the clown who reduces it to practice ate * equally honourable , eicept in those eases in which the preacher neglects the rules he prescibea to others , for in every such instance the peasant is by far the better and more respectable man . The day labourer may be rude , and the priest polite , bnt then as the rudeness of the former is to a great extent the crime of the latter , no one ought to be taunted with a fault to which be baa been doomed by the negligence and injustice of those who bad bis manners and destiny in their hands , and were actually paid to perfect his
education . Disagreeing with Mr Parsons en his estimate of the great Whig , Fox , and not exactly agreeing with him on some other minor points , still we hate much pleasure in bearing testimony to the Value of his unanswerable defence of Universal Suffrage in No . 2 tract . We can only afford room for the following extract : — I might farther ask , is there a dissenting minister in the country so lost to shame as to say that he has any man in his cengregation beyond the age of twenty-one who is unfit to vote for a member of parliament ! If such a spiritual prodigy can be found , then the sooner he quit * the pulpit the better . To be the professed entightener of a congregation and to have so far neglected
his duty as te have men under , bis charge who are too ignorant or wicked to be trusted with the franchise , is a reproach which few men will be ready to avow . My own congregation is not less than a thousand , and they are , I am proud to say , mostly operatives ; bnt I should be ' ashamed- to show my face in public if I thought there was a single person above the age of twenty-one unfit to receive and use bis political rights . There is no danger of granting this constitutional privilege to the dissenters of the country ; and as to the Church of England , if we believe the Bishops and Clergy , matters are ten thousand times better there ; for all persons baptised by these successors of the Apostles , are , the catechism asserts , ' made members of Christ , children of God , and inheritors of the kingdom of Heaven . ' Episcopalians measure
the nnmber of square feet In the chapels Of Dissenters , or count the heads that enter the door of the conventicle , and then claim all the rest as tbeir own . All the rest are to he sure , ' members of Christ , children of Cod , and inheritors of the kingdonVof Heaven , ' and therefore cannotbut be fit . to vote for Juembers of Parliament . To say that ' a member of Christ , a child of Qed , and an inheritor of the kingdom of Heaves , 'is too ignorant or too wicked to be entrusted with the franchise , is a libel on the Clergy , on the Church , and on Christianity . Every Clergyman to be consistent must be an advocate for the Extension of the Suffrage . To deny its constitutional character would prove him ignorant of the political
rights of man : to deny its equity would convict him of being unacquainted with the first principles of christian rectitude : and to affirm the unfitness of any of his flock to exercise this power , would demonstrate his own unfitness for the sacred office , his guilty inattention to his flock , and at the same time belie the boasted efficacy of sacramental grace . To oppose Universal Suffrage on the ground of the mental or moral imperfections of the people wonld not only be grossly inconsistent with the present principles of representation , bnt a bitter reproach on the Churchmen and Dissenters of onr day . If the masses are not fit for the Suffrage , then in the name of justice what have the over . paid clergy been doing with their time 1
Mr Parsons is equally happy in replying to most of the objections usually urged against Universal Suffrage . Tract No . S is devoted to a defence of the other ' points' of the Charter , and is very ably written . We trust that these tracts will be read far and near , and that Mr Parsons will be encouraged to persevere in his noble efforts for the emancipation of the millions , and the establishment of those principles of public equity , without which the preaching of Christianity is but a mockery .
An Appeal To Ae Slumbering Energies Of T...
An Appeal to Ae slumbering energies of the British People . By William Coombs , Wedmore , near Wells , Somersetshire . The author of this ( sixpenny ) publication dedicates the workef bis pen to Feargus O'Connor , Esq . M . P ., of whom he appears to be an ardent admirer . Although onr author does not say much that is new , he says not a little that is true in exposing the sufferings of the people . The following is a specimen of his Appeal : — Employ , my honest countrymen , but one moment in refection , and you will discover that notwithstanding the cock and bull story so indnstriontly circulated about the freedom and privileges of Britons , you are in reality slaves .
Are not yonr honest earnings consumed by numerous and immense salaries , paid to Dukes , Marquises , Earls , Viscounts , and Barons , who make it their boast that their blood is moire noble than that of their fellow creatures ; bnt can" find no lover of liberty to support their assertion ! Are you not obliged to pay enormous taxes to a government , in the formation of which the greater part of yon had no band % Are yon not obliged to pay the interest of an immense debt contracted by the imprudence , or ill policy of yonr rulers ! Ho yon not support in luxury and wealth an assemblage bf
personages denominated the Clergy , who in return confer no manner of benefit upon yon ! Do you not maintain in splendour a race , calling themselves the Royal Family and it has been the pleasure of your rulers to place a female at its head , thus perverting the order ef nature , which ordained for woman the qiiet domestic walks of life . Are you not bnrthened with the support of a foreigner , calling himself Prince Albert , enjoying an immense income , ' together with numerous " privileges f And to sum up all do you not support a standing army , to ensure the power of your oppressors , and to forge the chains that bind you stronger i
People of England , a star baa risen in the horizon , that will lead yon to liberty , and all its enjoyments . It is that of the gallant and noble Feargus O'Connor . Follow him , men of England—never let yonr adherence to him be shaken ; stand by him through good or evil rf port , for he oaly among the many of yonr representatives has really and truly , your interest at heart . Follow the banner of the patriotic O'Connor , and he will conduct you to freedom . He will render every Englishman an independent member of society ; and when the grave receives him he will ( to use his own words ) leave tfcat society better than he found it .
Seasons For Appealing To The Middle Clas...
Seasons for appealing to the Middle Classes on behalf of their Unenfranchised Brethren . By a Norwich Operative . ' London : Ilonlston and Stoneman , Paternoster-row ; Norwich : Jarrold and Sons . v The * reasons' addressed by the Norwich operative to . the Middle Classes , showing why those classes ought to assist the people in their struggle for 'full , fair , and free representation , ' are certainl y very good ; whether , however , the bourgeoisie
will deign to consider the said reasons , we strongly question . It apprare to us that the conversion of the Norwich operative's own class is the one thing needful . If once the mass of working men were thoroughly in earnest , in enforcing their just demands , the conversion of all other classes would be an easy matter . As , however , the middle classes are unquestionably the most ignorant of all sections of British society , we have no hesitation in recommending the circulation of this pamphlet for their much needed instruction .
R. . . ¦*¦¦'¦, The Results Of The Flecti...
r . . . ¦*¦¦'¦ , The Results of the Flections . This pamphlet is a reprint of an article , which appeared in the last number of the Oxford and Cambridge Review , and is , from the beginning to the end , one continued wail over the decline of Toryism and the progress of Democracy . When we state that the author quotes the 'lament' of the ' sublime and beautiful' apostate and pensioner , Burke , ' over tbe unhappy Marie-Antoinette , ' as applicable to * our present prospects , ' we have said enough to show the character of his lngubrions composition . 'Alas ! poor Torickl '"
Statement As To The State Of Turnpike Tr...
Statement as to the state of Turnpike Trusts in England and Wales ; and Suggestions for discharging the Debt , and for consolidating the Roads formed under Turnpike Acts , with District Highways . By William Foote . London : Shaw and Sons , Fetterlane . . - To a very numerous portion of society , the subject discussed in this pamphlet is of great importance . To review such a subject wonld occupy greater space than we " could , at present , devote to it ; we mast , therefore , confine ourselves to merely recommending Mr Foot e ' s pamphlet to all interested in the question of Turnpike reform .
Maebmt* I Rmlwan, Monthly Time Tablet. M...
Maebmt * i Rmlwan , Monthly Time Tablet . MwhmieiAl phabeticaland Coach Directory . London : ' ,.. E . Mackenzie ; m , Fleet-street . These cheap and excellent sheets continue to deserve all the commendations wehave before bestowed upon them . It is quite impossible for ns to note even SP ? , P £ r . nMny useful matters furnished by Mf MMkeMie , at the smallest possible cost . Travellers shoald take care to procure the supplement - * w £ ™ M > K « well as the tables : provided with both , they can never be at a loss for nearly all necessary information for travelling by road or by
Abdheywod' S Worling Man's Ahnanachjbr T...
AbdHeywod ' s Worling Man ' s Ahnanachjbr the year 1848 . Manchester : A . Heywood , Oldham-street . A penny sheet containing a few items of ' useful knowledge , ' in addition to the usual features of an almanack .
&T Mr Sillett'sivaahea* System Of Spade ...
& T Mr Sillett ' siVaahea * System of Spade Husbandry will be reviewed incur next .
Tiverton. The People Triumphant! ' , '' ...
TIVERTON . THE PEOPLE TRIUMPHANT ! ' , '' [ 10 THE EDITOR OF THB HOBTHBHN STAR . Sir , —The result of ' the recent municipal election held in the borough of Tiverton mast be highly gratifying to the lovers of true' liberty and the genuine cause of the people . Hitherto the Town Council of that . borough , has been almost exclusively entrusted to , the tender mercies of the Whige . A great outcry was raised Against the ' old four-and twenty' in their day , in consequence of the exclusiveness of their body , but no sooner did the Municipal Corporation Act come into operation than the Whigs proceeded to , follow in the steps of their predecessors and to arrogate to
themselves the nomination of the jjhole of the members of the New Body ; and not content with doing this , they actually had the ' unblushing effrontery to recommend to the precious Whig government of that day , nx of the most determined of their own partisans to be magistrates for the borough ! a plot in which ( to the shame ef the government ) they succeeded . Now , however , thanks to the determined energy of the people , the Whig clique has been dealt a severe blow . No longer is the council composed exclusively of a faction , a hole has , indeed , been made in its body . - The doors of the Councilchamber have been epened . by the people , and through the portals has passed one of the most deserving and most consistent men that can be found in the whole borough . \ ' : •' .
A vacancy having been occasioned in the Town Council bj the disqualification of one of the councilmen fer Wessexe Ward the people determined on starting a candidate of their own . Defeated at the parliamentary election , they resolved to try their strength in the ; Municipal Corporation . They accordingly started Mr William Rowcliffe as their candidate . This gentleman ; it will be remembered , was the proposer of Mr Julian Harney at the late general election . The Whigs formed a dirty coalition with some of the Tories and also started a candidate , but , alack-a-day , they were doomed to an ignominious defeat . A severe contest ensued bnt the' people' came off conquerorsf Mr Rowcliffe obtained a majority over his opponent and was declared duly elected ;
What , then , is the conclusion to be drawn from this f Why , that if the franchise were in the hands of the people , Tiverton wonld not be misrepresented as she now is in the House of Commons . Poor ' Cupid' would have to wing his flight to some other place of shel tor . I have not resided in Tiverton for some time , but when I did lire there it was my lot to witness and take part in several elections for the Borough as well as for the Town Council , but I know net any one election , which ever took place in that town , either parliamentary or municipal , that reflects so much honour upon the people , and affords such strong grounds for hearty congratulation and triumph as does the recent election for the Ward of Wessexe , by which the return to the Town Council
has been secured of that tried , staunch , honest , and independent man William Rowcliffe . William Rowcliffe is no mushroom Reformer ; he did not spring up yesterday to be plucked to-day . No ! For years and years , he has advocated the cause cf the people . Through good report and through evil report he has ever stood by them . Regardless alike of threats as of pitiful scorn , he has always been the faithful champion of freedom . Coercion has been tried with him , but in vain ; exclusive dealing has been attempted to be exercised against him , but with no better success . He has manfully stood his ground , bnffetting every storm , braving every danger , but budging not one inch . ' The Charter , my boys , the whole Charter , and nothing but the Charter * has ever been his motto . Proud * , indeed , am I to see that his brother Chartists in Tiverton have rewarded
him for bis noble patriotism . Long maybe live to enjoy his honours nnd to continue to be in the Council the champion of the Tiverton people , I will merely add , in conclusion , that I hope we may augur from Mr Rowcliffe ' s recent victory that ere long a still greater triumph will be achieved in Tiverton . Let the people of that town take courage , from . what ; they have now done . Let them remain true to the principles of the Charter , and they may rest assured that the day [ is not far distant when tbey will have the satisfaction of returning to the House of Commons at least one man who will really and truly represent them , tbeir cause , and the cause of the people at large in the British Parliament . I have the honour to be , Sir , Tour obedient servant , A TlVBBIOnlAN .
Thb Biro Op A Market Day.—The Body Of Mr...
Thb Biro op a Market Day . —The body of Mr Jamea Blanchford , farmer , of Ted burn St Mary , was recovered on Saturday last , having lain seven days in the river Exe . The circumstances are detailed in the following evidence , given on Monday before the coroner , who held an inquisition at the Moreten Inn , St Thomas's . John Sonthcott stated that he was the landjord of the Moreton Inn . The deceased had been in the habit of coming to his house , for more than 13 years past—generally on Fridays . He saw him from seven o ' clock until ten on the evening of the 8 th inst ., sitting with Mr William Parr , a neighbour , in the drinking room . They were on their horses at the time the express train , at fire minutes before ten , passed , and they then rode away in the direction of their homes . . Deceased was not very tipsy ; he was
capable of riding and knowing what he was about ; he had been drinking beer . Thomas Gregory , landlord of the Turk ' s Head Inn , had known deceased many years . " About ten o ' clock in the evening of Friday , the 8 th inst ., he came to bis house in com * pany with Mr Parr . They sat down in the tap-room and had two or three pints of beer . At his request they came into the tradesmen ' s room , where Mr Parr tossed with a young man , named Brailey , for three glasses Of gin and water . Mr Blanchford did not drink half his grog , but Mr Parr and young Brailey drank theirs . Mr Parr wanted to toss again , bnt witness thought tbey had had quite sufficient , and advised them to go home . - They then got up ' on their horses and rode upthestreetcomfortably and steadily
together . That was about eleven . o ' eloek . In about ten minutes or a quarter of an honr they returned , and deceased said he had been robbed in his house . He accused one or two persons of having robbed him of his purse with forty shillings in it ; but , on putting his hand in the breast pocket ef his coat , he found the purse and his money ; he then apologised , and ordered a gallon of beer , hue witness would not bring it . Deceased and Parrmounted and went away together , just after twelve o ' clock . —William Parr , farmer , of Tedburn St Mary ; met . deceased at the Moreton Inn about six o'clock in the evening of the 8 th inst . " It might be half-past eight , or nine , or ten o ' clock when they left . When he got home it might be two in the morning . ( This witness was evidently ¦
ignorant of all time ; He corroborated Misstatement of the two preceding witnesses , as much as his recollection would permit ) . He insisted upon it that neither himself nor deceased were very drunk . He found him wanting when he got to the Durnsford gate , but he continued on the road , thinking every minute Mr Blanchard would overtake him .- James Lyddon , ! surgeon of St'Thomas's , had seen the body of deceased , which he helped to strip . The clothes were saturated with water , excepting part of the shirt collar and part of a false collar buttoned to it , which were partially dry , the neck-tie being so tight round the neck as to keep out all wet . There was a layer of clay covering the whole of the face and going back to each ear , and into each ear . There was also clay
of the same description in his hands , which were neither clenched nor quite extended . There were no marks of blows or scratches . The countenance was unnaturally / . nil and congested . The lips were closed , and no soil was in the mouth . The eyelids were shut ; the eyes very much . gorged with blood , and , altogether , the fulness of the vessels of the brain was quite sufficient to account' for death . Ilia idea was that the face went at / race into a bed of clay , and so he was smothered . It was plastered ' as an apple made into a dumpling , ' to the extent of two eighths of ah inch , and there was great , difficulty in removing the clay , so firmly did it adhere . There was an absence of the usuafsymptoms of drowning . The inference was , that he was smothered first with the clay , and came subsequently in the' water . The
finding bf the body , which was seen to go over Trew s Weir , about mid-nay on Saturday , and the finding deceased's horse at the bottom of Quay-hill on the morning of the 9 th inst ., was then proved . —rWilliam Ratcliffe , conatableef St Thomas ' s , found upon deceased , in h s right-hand breeches pocket , one sovereign and seventeen shillings in silver ( the ! pocket was buttoned up , and the money was in a leather purse ) 3 ? d . in his waistcoat pocket , spectacles and case in his breast coat pocket , and two receipts for money paid . —The jury returned an open verdict , 'That the deceased was found dead , but as to how he came in the water there was no evidence to show . ' ; At Long Newton , near Stockton , there is now iving a woman , named Mary Benton , whose age is 107 . She worked as a haymaker in the presen lear .
~ F< The Swissquestion. < (From A 'Tract...
~ f < THE SWISSQUESTION . < ( From a ' tract * published * by the international League ; concluded from ' the Northern Star of October 10 th . ) " . -
Prom the state of things we have described had arisen , as an inevitable consequence , the absolute discredit ef the diet—the degradation ^ in public "' opinion , of every Federal authority . ; Ho » is a power . to make itself respected which is not even respected by . the elements that constitute it ? Suppose a decree passed by the Diet against the opinion of the great Cantons , and by means of that factitious majority of which we have spoken ; is it to be supposed that those great Cantens ^ the real majority— will conform to It J ., No : Intrenching themselves
behind the cantonal sovereignty—the only sovereignty recognised throughout the Compact as the fundamental element of the Swiss Federation—they will leave it unexecuted . Reverse the snpposltioa : the small Cantons will hasten to fellow the example , and to Invoke the precedent of disobedience . This has been seen ; this teiH be seen in a few days , when the Diet will decree the dissolution of the Catholic League , formed within the State ef the seven Cantons , of . which we shall presently speak . We may he certain that the League will not diss ilve .
In this imp otence of the Federal authority is the source of that tendency to employ illegal means—of those appeals to force— which we have seen multiplied in Switzerland for some time past . They are the Irre . gular expression of an opinion which can find . no regular organ by which to manifest itself . When men think of catting short the Jesuit question , by assaulting lucerne or Fribourjj , it is because they know the opinion of the country is against the Jesuits ; and that yet that opinion will be unable to fisd a voice in the Diet ; or tnat , e ? eh if it should succeed , as it is now doing , in finding one , Its decree will remain a dead letter — ineffective and dls . obeyed . The Powers know this : and when they reeemmend peace they play the hypocrite . They rejoice at this state ' of things , and love to perpetuate it for their . own ends . They love to keep that sword of Damocles , laterventlon , Susptnded . over the headof Switzerland .
Opinion has , hewever , advanced , in Switzerland since 1815 : everything around her has changed , and htr own interior has changtd also . . When . r . in . 181 S , under foreign influence , the Compact was proclaimed on ' the ruins of the constitutions established by the Act of Mediation , Switzerland was delivered up to the aristocracy ; the people were not even consulted , the Governments and Great Councils founded the alliance on the basis pointed out to them . Since that time aristocracy has fallen almost every where . The , principle of the sovereignty of the people has gained almost all the great Cantons one by one—Teeem , Argovie , Solothurm , Zurich ,
Saint Gall , JThurgovle , Vaud , ; Berne , Sohaffausen , Geneva , & c , have , since 1830 , pressed onward in their democratic movement almost entirely without spilling blood . The internal life of each of the mem berg of the Confederation has thus been reformed and invigorated ; but ' the law which should rule their ., collective life has remained the same ; the . child ' s dress , still compresses the limbs of the grown man . A . powerless compact of foreign and unpopular origin , the expression of a state of things which how . belongs to the past , weighs like a nightmare on the national heart beating with new force and new inspirations . ' '' ..
Here , we repeat it , In the want of harmony between its wants and its institutions , dwells the national question ef Switzerland , [ And this want of harmony is felt not by a few thinkers , by a few agitator * , without an echo in . the country .: It is felt by the large majority of the Swiss people . We will not here recapitulate the public meetings , the associations , the organs of the public press , which have ma . nifested it . . W . e have a better proof than all this—a legal fact which no one can call in question . The opinion in favour of altering the Compact has long been eo powerful that , in spite . of the spirit of caatonality , so flattered , so promoted by the institutions themselves , and by all the influences agitating around Switzerland , the Diet itself—the Diet with ¦ its representatives ef Canteas , and its imperative mandates—was twice obliged to give way , and to proclaim the defects of the Compact ef 1819 , Its Incompatibility with the subsequent growth of the spirit of nationality in Switzerland , and the necessity of a Federal reorganisation .,
These decisions of the Diet , however , bore no fruit ; and the extraordinary spectacle of a Government incapable ef procuring the execution of a decree put furtb fifteen years back is the most decisive proof we could bring of the vices inherent in the constitution of such Government itself . Bat not the less , let it be remembered , has the principle been proclaimed by . the body which is considered , to represent legally , the votes of the country . . i The question , since the first decision of the Di » t in 1832 , has become singularly mixed up with religions differences . And , in explaining the causes of the non-realisation of this decision , we propose to give a ' rapid view of the secondary questions , religious or otherwise , which have subsequently arisen . The events of which
Switzerland may at no distant time become the theatre , will thus be better understood , and this short preparatory labour is the more necessary , because the journal already alluded to , has endeavoured to take advantage of these secondary questions , in order to falsify the real state of things in Switzerland , by giving a colour of religious intolerance to that which is essentially a controversy upon internal organisation . ' We have already said that the local cantonal element is , in Switzerland , an historical traditional element that no one dreams—that no oaeoonld everdream—of annihilating , No one can , on the other band , dream of denying the existence of a national element—of a sentiment of general progress , of
common interest , of common country , which has , for good or evil , sustained the existence of the Confederation during more than fire centuries , through all sorts of dissensions , dangers , and wars ; and the want of a more and more complete harmanieatlon of these two elements in their developexnent is not , as some would wish to insinuate , the ambitions whim of afew Individuals anslons to plsy a great part : it has been the problem , tbe permanent desire , of the noblest hearts , the highest intellects of Switzerland , from Nicolas de Flue down to Mailer the historian ; it has shown itself more poweiful at every step made by the democratic spirit—every time , in other words , that the general opinion of the country has gained ground upon the spirit of aristocracy .
Of the political condition of Switzerland before 1789 we need not say much ; a species of Federative alliance existed between the Cantons , but the institutions of the middle age were throughout the country predominant ' . Already , however , prior to the French Revolution , tbe popnlarldea might be seen fermenting here and there ; and the events ofl 789 only Served to give it a bolder Impulse . With the insurrections of Basle , of Vaud , and of Geneva , the desire of a more intimate union of the Cantons began to show itself . But the French Government , carried away by the idea of conquest , committed
an error ; and in 1798 the Directory abolished not only tbe Federal Compact of the Cantons as then existing , but the separate existence andconstitutions of those Cantons themselves , and implanted one single conttituUon for the whole country upon the varied soil of Switzerland , This exaggeration' of the national principle , and the radical vice of foreign usurpation , just awakened the cantonal spirit . Heie and there an open struggle took place , and repugnance was manifested everywhere . The Act of Mediation which Napoleon , with a moi e profound acquaintance with the country , gave iu 1804 to Switzerland was very differently reeived .
The Act of Mediation recognised the triumph of the popular element ; ' leeal right was . respected . by the liberty granted to each of the , nineteen Cantons then composing the Confederation , of giving . itself . its own constitution , provided only that it should not be in contradiction with the recognised popular principle ; the national aen iionent was recognised , at the , same ,, time , above all by the enactment of tbe . right . of . free , establishment , and also by . the reasonable importance granted to the amount of population of a district , by giving two votes in the Diet to " the Cantons containing more than 100 , 000 inhabitants , and one only to those less popnloas , These were the merits of Napoleon's constitution . . On the other hand , however , the constitution , was defective in the weakness which it was calculated to entail upon
the central power :, an Intentional result on the part of Napoleon , whose policy it was that France should oaly be powerful as a nation , There were , besides this Inherent weakness of the central power as organised by Napoleon , the uncongenial : elements of an all-powerful foreign influence , and the necessity of continual sacrifices which the French alliance imposed . The merits of the Act of Mediation , to which we have referred , caused it to . be received with acclamations , and maintained for a period with zeal , and even to be the enuse of some internal progress .. Its Inherent defects , and accompanying drawbacks , decided the Swiss to range themselves , in 1814 , on the side of the canquering Allios , who invaded ,
it is true , but in the name of liberty ani of independence , the nationalities violated by the ascendancy of Imperial France . ^ The Act of Mediation wa « then annulled ; the Confederation divided into twenty-two Cantons ; the Compact of the 7 th of August 1815 , negotiated at Vienna , and promulgated at . Zurich , substituted for anterior legislation ; and the perpetual neutrality of Switzerland recognised en . the 20 th of November 1815 , by France , Austria , England ' . Russia , Prussia , and their Allies , who formally guaranteed the integrity and Inviolability of the territory of the Confederation . The Compact of the 7 th of August , 1815 , effaced the ameliorations , of the AH of Mediation , and organised the Federal Constitution in tbe manner we have shewn , and as it still remains .
As we have already remarked , the popular voice had no share in this remodelling of the Constitution ; the Councils only voted upon it . And the Compact was ac cepted because the people were anxious to escape from a merely provisional and temporary state of things , and because they did not ' and could not imagine that this was to be a , final institution , never to be modified in accordance . with internal progress , or with the necessary developement of the national idea ; Bnt the object of the Powers was soon perceived , and from that time the re .
action began . Thearlstoeracy , protected by tbe " absolute Powers , and profiting by the uncertainties and the lib . providence which accompany great changes ^ had nearly everywhere-repossessed- themselves of their power . Everywhere , also , the popelar principle silently-pressed bntowards the struggle which was to bars ! forth in 1880 , and In the following years . Religions controversy now came to add a new element to the popular discontents . On the one hand , it was perceived with alarm that the reor ganisation of the Confederation provided no metropolitan bishop for Catholic Switzerland , and that the su-
~ F< The Swissquestion. < (From A 'Tract...
preme government of that church fell naturally into the hands of the Catholic Nunelo . ' who established his residence at Lucerne ,-thus opening the way immediately to the direct influence of Borne ; on the other hand , the Jesuits everywhere dreaded , were seen reappearing , founding establishments in various places , and endeavouring , little by little , to appropriate to themselves the education of the country . In , 1830-81 , a series ef popular moviments overthrew almost everywhere , as we have already said , and without bloodshed , the power of tbe aristocracy . A more violent collision took place in 1832 , between the town and the rest of the Canton of Basle , at the end of which the Diet was obliged to recognise the separation of the Canton into two departments—Basle-Villo and Basle-Campagne—each enjoying from that time half-vote .
With the triumph of the popular principle the question of the revision of the Federal Compact was Imperiously called for . The principle of life being changed in « oca State , it was clear that the principle of life of the whole must alio be modified . All these internal revolutions expressed new wants and new . ideas , which must necessarily bring about new relations between the . States which bad accomplished them . The principle of ruling by a majority of the people having been once accepted in each Canton , it became impossible that ' the contrary principle could continue to reign in all that concerned the general interest , or that the minority cf the population of Switzerland could give law in their Diet to the majority . . The national idea had , moreover , gained in power in proportion as the Swiss citizens bad gained in dignity , The force of argument within the Diet and the agitation in the country became at length so
overpowering that , on the 17 th of July , 1882 , by a majority of sixteen voices against five , the Diet itself proclaimed that the revision of the Compact had become indlspentabio . The 6 tc opposing Cantons themselves did not deny the principle : tbey contented themselves with saying that the fitting opportunity had not yet arrived . A com . mission of fourteen members , selected from the highest In authority and from the mast distinguished intellects of the Diet , was charged to draw oat the plan of a new Compact . It was presented on the 15 th of December , and was extremely mederate—often too timid , and leaning , perhaps , too much toward the cantonal interest , but incontestably better than the old one
Then were seen in action all the vices of the Federal Constitution , which we have pointed out In the preceding pages . It had been Impossible to avoid acknowledging the principle ; parties reserved themselves te refuse its application . In the interior , the Cantons of Schwjtz , Uri , Uhter walden , Bssle-Ville , and Neufcbatel , stimulated principally by tbe intrigues of Austria , organised against all change tbe league called tbe League of Sarnen , from the name of a locality of the Canton of Unterwalden where its representatives assembled . Without the country , the ambassadors of the absolutist Powers begsn to alarm the Cantons by notes analogous to those which Monsieur Guizot is now sending to Switzerland ; and subsequently , by their conduct in the affair of the proscribed exiles resident in Switzerland , they succeeded
in sowing fear , mistrust , and division amongst the Cantens ; We regret that-we : have not space here to set forth this matter in detail , because , it lays bare , better than anything else could do , the tactics by which the foreign Powers influence the national affairs of Switzerland . Let It suffice to say , that upon the simple fact of some Italian , Polish , and German exiles joining a public association , organised with a view to the reform of the Federal Compact , tbey raised the bngbear of an armed revolutionary propagandism threatening the tranquillity of Europe ; exacted the expulsion of all the proscribed political parties ; formed a military cordon round Switzerland ; endeavoured to give the question of a reform ofthe Compact the . aspect of originating in an idea of external propagandism ; and succeeded In
deceiving tbe credulous , alarming the timid , and encouraging the discsntcnted . The plan of the commission was rejected ; . and the realisation of the Diet ' s decree indefinitely . postponed . Nevertheless , it was never abandoned ; and when ' , iu 1814 , it was proposed to declare that there was no longer any occasion to consider it further , a majority consisting ot ten votes and two half-votes * pronounced for the continuation of the question . It was from ' the moment—and we entreat attention to what appears to us an important point of view—It was from the moment when all parties could not but acknowledge that there was nothing more to hope from the central authority , and when all parties felt themselves confined within the fatal circle drawn by an organisation powerless for good , but perpetuating itself by its very
defectsthat a tendency to the extra legal struggle first Insinuated Itself Into the ranks of the progressive majority . It appeared a sad but necessary evil to he encountered for the safety of the country—for its rescue from the double burthen of a retrograde minority in tbe interior , and a despotic foreign influence , The religious question , on which we are about to say a few words , brought an additional source of irritation . to men ' s minds . It was , however , treated , wherever it arose , with justice and moderation on the part of the' progressive majority ; and we beg our readers to compare the few facts that we are about to cite , with the assertions put forth without proof by the Times , in the article referred to above . Tbey "ill then see how much faith this journal deserves In foreign questions . ' '
Under a negotiation , traceable to French influence nnder Louis XI 7 . , the constitution of the Canton of Claris granted to tbe Catholics a share in the executive power very superior to their numerical proportion with the Pr * testants of that Canton . Equality was re-established In 1837 . There is certainly nothing there which constitutes an attack upon religious tolerance . There were disturbances in Le Valais in 1840 and 1844 , but it was from the first purely a political question there . A constitutional reform , establishing tbe just principle that each distriet of the . Canton should share in the composition of the Great Council according to its population , was accepted by the majority . Tha
minority established'in'the Haut-valais—a part of the Canton given , over to the influence . of the military , clerical , and landed . aristocracy—resisted , and organised a separate government . A sfrugclo ensued , and victory declared for the majority . The Jesuits had taken an active pa't In the revolt of the retrogressive party ; nevertheless ,. there was no reaction against tbem . Later on , the Jesuits and their partisans , after having laboured herd , and succeeded in gaining over tbe peasantry to their cause , renewed the attack ; they conquered , and re-established the old system of inequality . The proscription of Protestant worship , even In the sanctuary of the family , was one of the first acts of the triumphant party .
In Argovie , at the time of a liberal revision of the constitution , the opposition on the Catholic side assumed a factious and unconstitutional aspect , it was after the discovery of ' some plots ' tending to provoke civil war , and of certain secret assemblies hold in the convents , that tbe Great Council decreed in 1841 ,. by an immense majority formed of Catholic as well as of Protestant depu . ties , the dissolution of the convents . The decree was peacefully received by the Argovian populations . Some Catholic deputies presented appeals to the Diet , and there were several discussions from 1841 to 1843 , upon the snbject , the conclusion of which was the approval of the part taken by the . Great Council ef Argovie . The measure adopted appeared to everybody so exclusively poll , tlcal that several Datholic Cantons , such as Tessln , Solothurm , & c , were the first to defend Argovie in the Diet ; and the only request addressed to It by the Diet was , that the unoffending convents fer women should not
be comprehended in the general suppression . Hero is all that constitutes the religious episode in the history of Switzerland since 1815 , until the affair now pending of the Jesuits . " The Jesuits and the Apostolic Nunciate bad , particularly since 1840 , laboured with the greatest activity in gaining over to themselves the : population of Lucerne ; and a decree of . thejGrand Council of that Canton , in 1844 , committing ; the education of the clergy to the'Fathers of the ' Society , ' convinced Switzerland of the faot . The momehtwfls ill chosen ; Wood was flowing in the passes of La Talois . and general opinion accused the Jesuits established at Briggs of : . . having fomented these civil struirgles . It was asked where the encroachments of the Ultra-Montane party wonld stop ; and it was remembered with alarm that Lucerne being one of the three Yororfc towns , the central direction of Swiss affairs would in turn necessarily fall under the influence of a sect irreconcileably inimical to the conquests gained by liberal opinion since 1830 .
Complaints became so general that the Diet at length addressed an invitation to Lucerne , in the name of the country at large , calling upon them to expel , the Jesuits , The invitation was haughtily refused , It was after this refusal , and in consequence of the confessed impotence of the Diet , that the armed attacks made upon Lucerne and Fribourg by the ardent spirits of some reforming Cantons , who organised themselves under tbe name of the •' ' Free Troops , ' took place . These attempts proved abortive ; but they furnished to the retrograde party a pretext which they had long sought for organising themselves . The Sonierbimd , or Separate League , was formed in 1845 . The existence cf this League , and the revision of the Compact , are two vital questions upon which the Diet , sitting at , the present time in Berne , is called upon to decide .
The Separate League , as avowedly and o ' ncially confessed , embraces the seven Catholic Cantons—Lucerne , Fribourg , TJri , Schwytz , TJnterwalden , Zug , aad Lo Yalais . It baa a permanent Council sitting at Lucerne , a ' common treasury , an army , a commahder-in-chiof , and is pledged to offer resistance against all internal or exteinoliattack , be it from the other Cantons or from the Federal power . It is supported , and almost openl y so , by Austria . It is evident that , even under the actual Compact , the Catholic League Is illegal . The last section of Article V ., and Article VI . are sufficiently decisive . By the last section of Article V „ it is enacted that' Whatever diff * .
rences may arise between the Canton s , they shall abstain from all acts of violence , ' and above all from the use of arms , and they shall conform in everything to ( he decision given ( by the Diet ) . And Article TI . is in the following words ;— "The Cantons shall not form amongst each other any connexions prejudicial to the Federal compact . ' Moreover , the instructions given to the representatives of the Cantons for the present sitting : of . tbe . -Diet have already decided the quwtioh . , Btrpe , Zurich , Grisons , Argovie , Thurgovie , St Gall , SchasThaustiii , - ' Vaud , Tessiri , Geneva , Basle . Campagnei SolothurnV Outer Appenzell , and Claris , will vote for tbe dissolution of the League ; Basle-Yille itself will vote for a friendly Invitation , to the sanie effect . There is here , then , the Immense majority
~ F< The Swissquestion. < (From A 'Tract...
of Switzerland , and comprehending several Catholic Cantons . The same party will also vota for the expulsion of the Jesuits , , But , nevertheless , we may rest assured that the League will not dissolve Itself , Encouraged by the absolutist Powers , it will resist ; and when , the principle havisg been voted , the time arrives for carrying it into effect , and deciding upon , the coercive measures to be taken , we shall see all tbe old difficulties and dissensions reappear . And whilst the Cantons which represent tbe majority of the Swiss population will consistently vote for the Immediate execution by tbe Federal forces of the Diet ' s decree , a few different opinions broached b y some smaller Cantons , struck by timidity or seduced by other means , will cause that majority of votes to be neutralised . Then appeals to force , violent and extra-legal attacks will reappear ; and with them the menaces and , perhaps , the interference of the fonfgh Powers , which the notes of France and Austria enable ns already to foresee .
Such is , at the present moment , the true position . of Switzerland . Lot ns sum it np in a few words . Switzerland feels herself suffering in her ttaterial and economical , In her political and in her national , life . For want of the right of free settlement , her Industry , instead of being developed in unison in the grand common emporium . ot a united' country , is carried on in twentyfour small rival workshops . Harmony between labours Intelleet , and capital is impossible ; foreign rivalry becomes more and more . thrratening to her manufacturers ; and ^ while in , one part of the . country capital exists unemployed for want of labour , we see the inhabitants of another freed to emigrate or te dishonour-themselves by entering the service of foreign despotism . By I ran sit duties , tolls , taxes , and entrepots ; by cantonal custom
houses ; by twenty-four different systems of coin * , weights , and measures , her industry is fettered , restricted , and rendered stationary , A Federal authority , fallen into contempt , having so direct relationship with tbe citizens of the common country , and wlthont power to enforce the execution of its decrees ; inequality erected into an established rule , In the midst of a republican land , by an absurd and aristocratic mode of representation ; a complete want of harmony between the knowledge and education of tbe different Cantons ; a civil law , multiform , confused , and capricious ; rivalries and jealousies where there ought to be oaly love , peace , and association ot labours—continually undermine the inward life of Switz rland , . Her outward . life is null : she has no voice , no influence , no mission , in Europe , She
has no strength , no unity , to resist the invasions with , which she is incessantly threatened . And all this is by virtue of a Compact which effaces all idea of nationality , which enables local interests to bear the palm from tbe general welfare , and which puts it in tbe power of a minority to neutralise all the votes and all tbe ideas of progress of the great majority of the country . The large numerical majority of the Swiss people desires to substitute for this Compact another Compact , truly Federative which , without desstroying the administrative rights of the Cantons , shall harmonise them with 'he political rights of the country at large , and which , by a just and reasonable expression of the national idea , shall give to the majority tbe means legally and ptaceftilly of progressing towards- a still closer union of the States which constitute thenation . '
The absolutist Powers , with whom we regret to see constitutional France uniting herself , oppose themselves totberealisa . ionof this desire . They declare that , in spite of the changes which have taken place all around , Switzerland since 1815 , and in spite of those which have been worked out within the bosom bf each of her Cantons the Compact shall remain eternally the same . They threaten intervention in case of a change ; And thus they condemn Switzerland to inevitable anarchy , by leaving to the majority no means of progress except a recourse to extra-legal modes , ) to civil contests , and to force . If they see the mere symptoms of sueh things arise , they menace , equally , intervention . ¦ . ¦ . ... ¦
Our task has been the recitt . 1 of facts upon which we beg the serious thought of an English public . ' At any moment the gravest events may new be taking place in Switzerland , and we shall not be at all surprised if we . are compelled to witness there , in tbe very heart ol Europe , the first act of a drama of which the occupation of Cracow was the prologue ,
~ F< The Swissquestion. < (From A 'Tract...
THE SWISS COUFBDBRATION . ' a & C 3 c * ' gs i § ¦¦ ¦ xggfl ji g ' I I SSJ 3 M *¦ ¦'¦ * _ s § s g aik % _ % g £ $ $ § s s s % _ i * s : ¦ m u C t , b" oj .-. S . h g u 2 ca itiESli h . " use A » o o o » 5 UJ 3 AA o , * *< S . ° ° ° ° -B o S a o oeeoiifeooi ? ota hCgaoooofro * ? . * £ ** « s © a 2 3 S « 8 o oaoo fcoSoeoSoa " aSjSri o ajsSjsXi * a J 3 HAJ 3 JiS £ a S a at tti > icss (« sHb A a n di an h « - 522 tL-ikoaaocuoo sbo dooofcosfisa ii i ' . '¦ —¦ ¦ ' . in ¦ c o oooooooo o o c voooesosesb So tH 1 OOOOU 3 CCC 0 OO C * < -l t <* ^ nH 10 0 H * U 50 « Bi , M t- M 50 t » 0 » C 5 , SO < D « n O Q a tOO ^ HOll-BoiS lO P at" v « t- «' e 9 afiC- ) r » * o n ottta » i < B ' * i & co & t ? W ^ la ClOClOC t-MO 09 CO t » ii — M ( N 01 r-13 C ) . a > o CQ QJ ^ H-iffH _^_^___ . ., * ..... . . .. . T ...- ^ .. . & . .. »> . « .. ** . ^ * ...-. s . -. o o to •••••••» • rrt ••«•• » • » ! s ri § c -ja ••• B .. J ... g-g sS | . s * f | § ||| r | . g srfgi S - CSoSS 3 : 2 , 2 . 8 3 ^ £ .- !§ & a T 3 2 a g . ca K > j «>< Ht > -faw O h > SsStPtJCSsaaMaxi Protestant population abont . . 1 , 238 , 328 . Catholic population about . . . 800 , 000 Total population , . . 2 , 036 , 928
# The Divided Cantons Such As Basle, Yal...
# The divided Cantons such as Basle , Yalais , & o ,, hare their votes also divided .
Tonbbidgb.—Fire—On Tuesday Evening Last ...
Tonbbidgb . —Fire—On Tuesday evening last a fire broke out in a large lodge standing close to the railway , and noar to Brook-street . It was lined with straw , and had a thatched roof ; it was , at the time of the fare , peopled by hoppers , who were asleep . One of them was awoke by the smoke , when he discovered the place to bo on fire ; he immediately gave an alarm to the rest , whea they rushed out . leaving a girl about four years old in the lodge . It was soon found to be impossible to save her life , as the place was but one mass of flames . . After an hour had expired , the child was got out from the burning heap , but of course quite dead .
Bristol . A strange Want . —The magistrates were engaged on Tuesday in hearing a charge of robbery and attempted murder against a man named James Venn , a returned convict , who on Monday evening gave himself up to a policeman , self-accused of the crime . The prosecutrix , Miss Ann Loosemore , who appeared very ill , stated that on Monday last , at between 5 and 6 o ' clock , sho was crossing the road leading from Knowle to Bedminster , known as ' Dog * or' Old John ' s-lane , ' when the prisoner , whom she had observed for some distance walking behind her , jumped suddenly across a small brook which at one part divided the road , and with a large stick , which she bad observed in his hand when walking .
struck her a heavy blew across the head , which tellea her . He then swore ho would have her money , and said he did not know whether or not he would spare her life . She begged him to let hor get up ; and , upon bis doing so , gave him Is . 6 d ., all that she had about her .- He said he would have more money , and upon her saying she had no more , struck her another blow which , rendered her nearly insensible . Sho lay upon the ground with the blood flowing from her , but too weak and terrified to help herself , while the prisoner pulled np her clothes , and tore off a pocket in whicn she had a vinaigrette bottle , a necklace , and some small matters . Having searched her minutely , he made off . first of all threatening her if she dared to get up . Upon recovering herself a little ,
she succeeded with some difficulty in reaching a house at a short distance off , the inhabitants of which , alarmed at her state , sent her to the New General Hospital in Gunner-street for medical aid . Tho prisoner , having heard that she was dead , surrendered himself to police constable 205 , to whom he confessed that he it was who had robbed her and maltreated her , and that be gave her the second blow to' make her quiet , ' and hoped he should be 1 tacked up for it . ' The magistrates committed him for trial , and upon bis being told that tbe offence was a capital one , for which he was to be hanged , he said that was what he wanted . Solaii Phenomena . —At present two very large groups of solar spots arc visible at the contre of the sun's disc .
Advantage os Takisq a Newspapbb . —The Devonshire Chronicle says— ' A farmer residing near Newton , last week sold about 100 bushels of wheat at 7 s . per bushel , not having heard that an advance had taken place in the price of that article . On conversing with his neighbour , who resided at the adjoining farm , and stating what a bargain he had made , the neighbour replied , '"Why , man , I hae sold thic same feller a hundred bushels at 8 a ., and nort so good a sample as thine . ' The farmer seemed sadly mortified at tho bargain he had made . His neighbour replied , 'Why duntthur take in the nusepaper , and see the cam markets , how the go ?' Rare Circumstahce—I * having bee ^ reported that in consequence of a decision of , tbe Eccksiastwal could do m-
Court a young man , named Laurence , , nance in Cheltenham parish church at ton o clocfe . on Saturday morning , for having defamed the character of Mrs Lucas , the venerable edifice was filled , hv several hundred persons at the hour specified . . SalfKour elapsed before the penitent appeared , avid £ he immediately disappeared into thewrtry room There we wore informed a wnriin from a caper—an aoknowlcdgmem 5 ? of £ ofcUhich the pen be true , Mrs Luoaa at the same This was the . commaacement and c ceremjny , much to tbe disapomtmen present , who fully expectei to see foped in a white . skeafc , with taper in up in thechnroh to do penance . # England pays to Holland , Belgium abont JWOO . 000 per annum for butter
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Oct. 23, 1847, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_23101847/page/3/
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