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T N te is tbat the first Since the fooli...
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FRANCE. THE TRIAL OF THE REPUBLICAN CHIE...
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T N Te Is Tbat The First Since The Fooli...
2 ^ V V V X - . - A THixKORTHEIlN STAR . _ Maboh ^ 1849 . ^^ ¦ I rr— --- ^ ** **^''" M ! S ^* **" " ' ^'"** t , M * * * *** " ^ ' . 7 i 1 nt to 1
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France. The Trial Of The Republican Chie...
FRANCE . THE TRIAL OF THE REPUBLICAN CHIEFS . ' LOUIS BLAXC AXD HIS CALTJMXIATORS . TO « ffi EDIT 02 OF THE TIMES .
glB _ Xn your paper of the oth of Jdanefa yon have given an extract from the act of accusation directed against me iii France . As a proscribed man iu exile , may I hope , from Your impartfelitv , tliat I may be indulged with a small ' sj-acc in order to reply ? In that act of accusation , which is but a tissue of the blackest and most impudent calumnies , it is put down that , according to the pretended
depoattoa <> £ M . Martougen , on the 15 th of May , a working-man assisted me to escape from the Hotel de Ville by taking me in lUS arms . Well , that which it -will he very difficult io heUeYB in England—a country where the idea of justice is understood—is , that the deposition of this M . Martougen , affirmed and produced hy the Procureur-GeneralBarouche , is a forged document . I offer yoa this irrefragable proof of Ihe fact : —M . Martougen liusjuat written to the journals of Paris the foHowing letter : — « CirKES , I shall be obliged to you to insert in your nest number that I protest eneiseticaUy against the depositM that has been attributed to me , against the atlZfiU Louis Blanc : for this assertion is completely false . "Accept , & . c ,
"Paris , March 10 . ... " M . wtouge . ' , Jan . " Thus Sir vou have supposititious testimonies of real ^ S & Itfeof such ma terials that the act of accusa-^ n ^ Smposed of which you have g iven an extract ^ act that wiU remain in history as a monument of atrocious i ^ onunv . JU to those ferocious words which this ofhcial libel atbibutes to me- " If more blood is wanting wc will findmany victims , " it is an abominable invention to which an educated man in these days would not condescend to rive any attention ; and on this subject I will tell you , sir , that not onlv in allniv works have Iauvormtedmeabolirion of the punishment of death , but that it was through me that this question of the abolition of the punishment of death was offered to the consideration ot the Provisional
Government on the 26 th of February , 1848 ; the initiative taken anteriorly by M . de Lamartine baring been already negatived . I had just read an article which asserted that our Republican government would probably become a government by the executioner . Under feelings of indignation I ran to the Council , and I said most energetically to my colleagues that it was high time to put a stop for ever to scch unbecoming attacks , —that it was necessary to reply to them in a manner which could not easily be effaced from the memorv of man , and I took up again the proposition of M . de Lamartine . The scene wbicb followed will for ever remain in lively colours in my recollection . M . de lamartine ran up to me , took my hands enthusiastically , and , with a voice full of emotion , cried out , "Ah , vous ¦ f aUesTavjiendOe chose ! ' * The sentiment I had expressed
was that of all my colleagues , and it was with a passionate os that we voted the decree for the abolition of the punishment of death , —a decree of which the arrangement and wording of the second part was the work of M . de Lamartine , and that of the first part was mine . I leave you now to determine , sir , whether there is any probability that the cruel words which have been attributed to me so falsely could by possibility have escaped from my Eps . Xow my enemies may , if they please , condemn me ; history will judge their judgment . I remain , Sir , your obedient servant , 87 , Piccadilly , March 12 . Louis Blanc . Bourges , March 16 . —The tribunes were again excessively crowded to-dav .
M . Detours , a representative , deposed to hearing Barnes say all distinctions must be put an end to , and the entire people formed into one vast family . The day previous to the invasion of the Chamber , when at the residence of Louis Blanc , a gentleman in witness ' s presence spoke of the demonstration of the following day , observing that a more serious affair was in agitation than was perhaps generally imagined . Louis Blanc and Barbes expressed their incredulity , adding that , if true , it must be prevented at any price . They both spoke of Blanqui as a despicable character Witness afterwards / tit surprised to hear that Barbes was implicated in the affair . Witness had heard Blanqui deliver his speech from the tribune of the Chamber .
Blanqui repeated his previous denial of having had anything to do with the getting up of the manifestation of 15 th May , to which he was decidedly opposed . Barbes declared that he too was opposed to the manifestation ; but tbat when informed that the national Assembly had been dissolved , and that consequently there was no chamber , and , so to speak , no government , he had considered it his duty to go to the Hotel de Ville , where governments were usually constituted . He accepted all the responsibility of what had there taken place . As the punishment of death had been abolished for political offences , he would prefer transportation to imprisonment .
The nest witness was M . Vanderberghe , adjutant major of the National Guard of Beauvais . When on the place de Bonrgogne he heard workmen declare that the National Assembly had been dissolved . Witness thereupon hastened back to his lodgings , and put on his uniform , when , hearing that the insurgents had proceeded to the Hotel de Ville , he took a cabriolet , and went there to render assistance in restoring order . On ascending the great staircase , he met several individuals coming down , exclaiming ' Vive Barbes 1 ' Witness , with several National Guards , entered a room where they found seven or eight individuals , who , when asked
by what right they were there , replied , * By tbat of the new government , which has just been constituted . Barbes was arrested . Another of the party came and spoke to witness : it was Albert . Witness said to him , ' Your place is not here , be off . ' Witness was not at that time aware that he was an accomplice of Barbes . Albert afterwards told witness that he was equally guilty with Barbes , and would share his fate . Albert was therefore arrested , and a third whose name he did not know . Barbes pleaded his inviolability as a representative , but his claim to freedom from arrest was scouted , and he was secured .
M . Huet , concierge , Rue di Rivoli , deposed that in the night of the 14 th of April a quantity of muskets and ammunition was brought to the house for Sobrier ; they came from the Prefecture of Police . About a week afterwards some of these arms were sent away . On the 15 th May a number of men left the house to attend the manifestation ; they went unarmed . There was no resistance offered to the National Guards when they took possession of the premises . On leaving the house , on the morning of the 15 th , some of the men told witness that Sooner would not sleep there tbat night , as he meant to take up his quarters at the office of the Minister of the Interior .
M . Royer , surgeon of the Garde Mobile , deposed that he had , in the early part of May , been at the agricultural committee held at Soulier ' s . After the business of the meeting had concluded , a number of fresh visitors arrived , and politics began to be discussed . The manifestation of lath May was talked of , ami it was said that things would be pushed to extremities ; that the chamber would be dissolved ; they also said that Caussidiere and Ledru-Rollin were in favour of the proceeding , A new government talked of
-was , but no names were mentioned . On the 15 th , witness was present when General Conrtais , followed hy his staff , came to meet the manifestation ; saw him stoop down and speak to several persons , but did not hear what he said . Witness perceived Sobrieratthehead of the cortege . In reply to & question from the Pffloureur-General witness said he had heard Sobrier declare that the persons who attended the manifestation wer 3 to go there unarmed ; that otherwise he wonld not attend . Witness had seen Sobrier in the chamber .
M . Pesme , an auctioneer at Troyes , deposed that he was present as one of the delegates of the departments at a meeting held in the Salle Montesquieu , when some delegates from tht Commune de Paris arrived to invite them to attend the manifestation in favour of Poland . The reply was , that their mission to Paris being for a different purpose , they could not take part in it . Soon afterwards an individual entered , followed by five or six Montagnards ; witness was told that it was Sobrier . Witness recognised Sobrier Jas the man . He ( the priwhen aaked what
soner ) , he wanted , replied that it was to indoce the meetingin the Salle Montesquieu to take part in the manifestation , and that that meeting should march with his Montagnards . The meeting thereupon replied thit they would have nothing to do with Sobrier or his Montagnards , and would not attend the manifestation . Sobrier then observed that he supposed they ( the meeting ) were hostile to Ms party , and would , if necessary , fire on them . Witness afterwards went to the Hotel de Ville . Saw Raspail in a cabriolet , near Notre Dame .
M . Rondeau , a representative , deposed that on the invasion of the Assembly he saw Sobrier in the Chamber , aed heard him declare that the day was at length come when tbe rich must pay for the others / Shortly afterwards , witness saw Sobrier in a cafe , where , on hearing him assert that the Chamher had actually been dissolved , the witness exclaimed , « No , M . Sobrier , the Assembly is not dissolved ; but it was you and your followers who ed it
gvad , and I arrest you . ' Witness then seized TnJJri ? ^ V t § aC ? ed to ihe MMstrf of the Interior , sa , d that on the 5 th he * u with the Min . SecaS ^ S ^ SP . *" " ^ enlybmt i ? o tbecabine of the Minister , and put a number of questions to him ; and that while one ofThe in ruders was asking the Minister whether he would tgept the office of Mister of the interior unTr ^ hT / 0 f T l * , er ^ "duals of the band laid hold of the office seals then laying on the table Witness knes fl 0 ne of ( be i ^ viduVwbo had thnB '
France. The Trial Of The Republican Chie...
forcibly inttaded themselves . Witness did not recognise Sobner . Colonel de Guyon , of the 2 nd Dragoons ,-after deposing to the orders given him to hold his reg imen t - in readiness to act , proceeded to state that he was at the head of his regiment on the quay when Sobrier was broug ht a prisoner to the barracks ^ M . Bouvon , Agent d'Affaires , deposed thathe was at the Chamber at the time of invasion . Had never been a member of any club . Had seen Raspail in
ihe Chamber , and heard him read his petition . When Raspail was desirous of withdrawing , an individual told him he ought to remain ; on which Raspail replied , 'You are not then a true Republican . ' Heard Barbes demand from the Assembly a declaration of war in favour of Poland , and that an impost of a milliard should be imposed on the rich . Witness further stated tbat he had received one of ihe orders issued by M . Buchez . intimating that the rqppel should not be beaten , and which he had carried to the 1 st arondissement . .
M . Veyne , a medical man : He deposed to having made one in the manifestation as a member of the club Amis du Peuple , but had not entered the As sembly . Saw M . Raspail in a cabriolet after he Ht tbe Assembly , and accompanied him to tbe house of his son . Knew neither Blanqui nor Barbes . During the progress of the procession from the Bastile ; Raspail marched at the . head of his club , the accused had always . declared that his only object was to present the petition in favour of Poland , Had known Raspail for several years , and as witness was then aware that he ( Raspail ) was about to be arrested , would not leave him .
M . Milhou , a representative , deposed that he bad , on the 15 th May . heard Raspail begin to read his petition relative to Poland . Witness rose from his seat and said , ' You have no right to read a petition . ' He considered it . impossible that Raspail should not have heard what he said . M . D'Adelsward , another representative , deposed to having employed the same expression . as the preceding witness . M . Point , a representative , was at the chamber on the 15 th May . Saw Barbes and Raspail there , and heard the tatter read his petition . Had afterwards heard Raspail say , in allusion to Barbes , « Take him to the Hotel d ' e Ville . '
Raspail maintained that the witness was mistaken in his evidence ; that he had never been near Barbes in the Asembly , and had not uttered the words attributed to him . Barbes characterised as an absurdity the supposition that Raspail could have used such an expression , as it would have been utterly ridiculous , seeing tbat the general cry was , « A l'Hotelde Ville ?' gHe repeated that he had b : en opposed to proceeding to the Hotel de Ville , and had entreated the people to desist from their intention of forcing him to go there . M . Point persisted in the correctness of his deposition . The court rose at six o ' clock .
March 17 . —M . Duprat , representative , saw Quentin on the steps of the tribune , be said be was there to exercise a right and to fulfil a duty . Quentin went round the Assembly , and appeared to excite tbe disorder . M . Bascal arrested Quentin on the order of M . Francois Arago , when Quentin went to the Luxembourg to take possession , in the name of the people a ter the dissolution of the . National Assembly . Quentin bad tiro pistols on him . M . Francois Arago , ex-member of the provisional government : Quentin came to Luxembourg to take possession , he was arrested . . Witness gave some details as to tbe manifestation of the 16 th of April .
Sobrier made some observations on the manner in which he had been dealt with during bis imprisonment by order of M . Arago , in the course of which he said , ' If I had wished to overthrow the government , I had only to have declared it . Your friends , M . Procureur-General , who have bowed their heads before me know it "well . ' ( Exclamations . ) ' We are not men of violence , but of peace , of love of moderation ; we desire the constitution , and it is we who shall yet save the government , threatened to perish by violence after being founded in violence , ' M . Francois Arago resumed , and declared tbat he thought General Conrtais incapable of treason . He bad only done wrong by want of discretion .
M . Frisch heard that the insurgents complained of Gen . Courtais , who , they said , had betrayed them and caused tbe rappel to be beaten , contrary to tbe engagement he had entered into with them . Several witnesses were then heard as to the conduct of Larget . They thought he had not gone to the Assembly with good intentions . He bad been heard to speak with satisfaction of the affair of the 15 th May , and of the part he took in it , and that he could have prevented the national guard of Passy from going to Paris to the assistance of the government . The court rose at six o ' clock , and was adjourned to Monday .
Mondat , March , 19 . —The proceedings at Bourges were resumed at the usual hour . The galleries were very much crowded . Ledru-Rollin was the first witness . He had heard of a manifestation in favour of Poland on the 15 th of May . He detailed his own proceedings on that day in company with M . Lamartine . He considered that General Courtais bad done his best to protect the Assembly , but his orders had not been obeyed . Blanqui contradicted parts of Ledru-Roliin ' s evidence . Raspail complained bitterly of the treatment he and his fellowprisoners had been exposed to since their arrival at Bourges . Their sleep was interrupted during the night by visits from the police . All this injured his health seriously . The other prisoners made the same statement . The President of the Court
retired for half an hour , and on his return said , that as the complaint was made in public , the explanation should be public too . He called on the director of the prison to explain . The director denied the charge . He said the inspection was made every two hours ; but that every attention , consistent with safety , was shown to the prisoners , who were allowed to see their counsel and their friends without auy guard being present . M . Matrftst , President of the National Assembly , was next examined , but bis evidence was only a repetition of that of the previous witnesses . " The next witness called was the celebrated Vidocq , whose presence excited much sensation in the court . His evidence , however , only referred to the prisoner Borme . The Court adjourned at six o ' clock .
Significant . — -Some insubordination has occurred among the troops at Issondun , near Bourges , in the company of voltigeurs of the 2 nd Light Infantry . In the morning of the 15 th this company went to the village of Cheriault , hear Issondun , where there is a very active set of ultra-democrats , who , after giving the soldiers drink freely , advised them to relist their orders . These soldiers accordingly refused to comply with the orders given them , and eried « Vive Barbes , a has le eolonel ! ' tore off his epaulettes , and arrested him . The colonel sent off a despatch to Beurges .
Paris , Saturday . — Reinaugvration of the Guillotine by Louis Napoleon and the Modebates . —This morning , at eight o ' clock , two of the ' assassins' of General Brea were executed at the Barriere de Fontalnebleau . In the course of last week , the government determined that the punishment of Noury and Vappreau should be commuted , but tbat Daix and Lata should be left to their fate . The case of Choppart was long undecided , but ultimately it was determined , on the earnest intercession , it . is understood , of the Presi . dent of the Republic himself , that mercy should be alss extended to him . The arrangements for the execution tvere kept very quiet , but as it was evident , from the movement of troops and other symptoms , that something was about to take place , the inhabitants of the quarter were oh the alert , and a
cftnsiderable crowd congregated . In the middle of the night , the whole of the district of the Barriere de Fontalnebleau was taken possession of by large bodies of troops , consisting of the 61 st , the 2 nd , the 35 tb , and 59 th regiments of the line , several squadrons of Lancers and Dragoons , a battalion of the Republican Guards , and two batteries of artil . lery . Th « scaffold was erected inside the Fontalnebleau gate , and : within a hundred yards of the spot where the murders were committed . Some strong detachments of infantry were placed wund the guillotine , and two pieces of artillery were placed at the entrance to all the streets abutting on the place of execution , and also upon tbe external boulevards . At half-past five o ' clock , the two convicts who werie to suffer were brought from the fortification of Vauves , where they have been confined since their condemnation . They reached the fatal
spot in separate prison vans , each being accompanied by two priests in their sacerdotal dress . Daix was the first who appeared . On quitting the van he showed great courage , and cried out , ' C ' est mot qui passe le premier . ' He mounted the scaffold boldly , without any assistance , and on his reaching tbe front of the scaffold , he said , in a firm and loud voice , 'In the same of tbe French people , I die in .
France. The Trial Of The Republican Chie...
nocent for having defended the cause of General Brea . I die for the people . Citizens , pray tomorrow for me , for my wife , for my children . God receive my soul . ' He was then immediately seized bv the executioners , and in less than a minute his head was severed from his body . Lahr showed less coolness . He was greatly depressed . His only words were ' Citi 2 ens , I am innocent . I die a Christian . ' His execution was speedil y accomplished . The assembled crowd , which was principally composed of ouvriers , was calm and silent . — Horning Chronicle . We extract an article from the People on the above execution : — '
" RESTORATION OF THE GUILLOTINE . ' The Council of War pronounced a capital sentence—the Court of Cassation approved it—the Royalists applauded—and the Ministers in violation of the Constitution , which abolishes the penalty of death fer political offences , and regardless of the political character of the tribunal which pronounced the sentence , literally executed it . The Council o ( State , consuUed respecting the commutation of the penalty , had replied in the affirmative . Buonaparte bad only to say « yes ^ and the political scaffold would have disappeared for ever . Buonaparte , however , thought otherwise . He preferred
recurring to terror , and not having the courage to make heroes of our soldiers he has converted them into executioners . Troops of all arms , artillery , cavalry , and infantry , protected the restoration of the guillotine . To train those soldiers to carnage , they were brought to the place of execution to steep the point of their swords and bayonets in the blood of the protetaires . ' Magnanimous people , who nobly proclaimed the abolition of the penalty of death , remember that it is under the Presidency of Louis Buonaparte the political scaffold has been erected for the first time , in violation of the Constitution i When we visited the Barriere de Fontainebleau , at
eight o ' clock , scavengers were engaged in clearing away an immense pool of blood at the place where the ignominious instrument had been erected . No trace of that blood now remains on the pavement ; but that blood has sprung from the scaffold , and Stains the forehead Of Buonaparte and his Ministers , and can never be effaced . Now , terrorists of moderation , " are' you aWare of what you have done ? You imagine that yua have merely shed the blood of two criminals ! Undeceive yourselves ; you have realised the prophecy of one of the representatives of the Democratic and Social Republic , whom you pursue with your hatred and vengeance . On the 3 lst May Louis Blanc having exclaimed , I fear
neither prison nor death , ' you protested against those expressions . ' The penalty of death , ' you said , l is abolished for political offences . ' ' I tell you , ' replied Louis Blanc , that the scaffold will be again raised , I do not mean—I do not believe—that the Assembly will erect it anew . If it did , it would be acting against itself . The political scaffold will be re-established by the impetus and the merciless logic of passions . ' You have realised the anticipations of Louis Blanc . ' This' is only your first step . To-day you struck with the sword two guilty men ; to-morrow you will send innocent men to the scaffold . Your execrable logic condemns you to follow that course . You have restored the guillotine , and it will only disappear with you . '
The delegates of the Luxembourg have addressed the following letter to the Peuple . — ' The people , after the Revolution of February , planted the tree of liberty in place of the political scaffold . Tho political scaffold has been erected anew , and the committee of the delegates , overwhelmed with grief , have considered that the peaceable banquet they had prepared could not take place in presence of the general consternation . ( Signed ) * A ; Lefaubb , ' Blum , ' Brasselot , * Dunuc , ' Bernard , ' Remit . '
Coming Events Cast their Shadows Before , —We read in the Moniteur— ' The calm which had begun to prevail throughout France is again disturbed at several points by the artisans of disorder . At Beauvais , a placard posted on the north gate announced that the Red Republicans were furnished with arms and ammunition , and were about to set fire to the four corners of the town . At Rozoy ( Seine et Marne ) several men have passed through uttering ' A has Louis Napoleon I A has Ies Aristocrates ! A mort et a la lanterhe les Aristocrates ! ' with other seditious cries . At Chaumes , in the same department , some young men have
disturbed the inhabitants during the nights by shouting Vive la Guillotine ! Nous laverons nos mains dans le sang des riches ' . ' At Montauban the police took down a white flag which had been raised in the night . Near Thiers ( Puy-de-Dome ) the police removed a red flag which had remained displayed for two days at an elevated place . In some of the houses at Toul ( Meurthe ) the National Guard has seized quantities of smuggled gunpowder . At Saint Maixent ( Deux Sevres ) the performance of a play , called « Un Voyage en Icarie , ou le Communisme , ' has afforded the Socialists of the place a pretext for a riot . They interrupted the
representation by shouting 'Vive Barbes ! Vive Blanqui ! Vive Raspail ! Vive Cabet ! Vive la Republique Rouge ! Vive la Republique Deraocratique et Sociale ! A has la Republique Moderee ! A has les Gendarmes 1 A bas les riches ! La propriete est un vol 1 A bas Louis Napoleon ! A bas la Presidence !' Three men , who had been pointed out as the promoters of these disorders , were arrested and confined in the prison at Niort . At Havre , a thousand terrassiers ( navvies ) , dissatisfied with the wages offered them , have struck work . The authorities have taken necessary measures for preventing disturbances . In the arrondissement of La Reole ( Gironde )
the appearance of 200 soldiers of the line put a stop to an attempted riotous resistance to the payment of taxes . At Toulouse disorder has proceeded to a greater extent . On the 11 th , the company of the National Guard , on coming to relieve the post at the capitol , cried on entering , 'Vive la Repub lique sociale . A has les Reactionnaires ! ' and the men displayed on their caps , and at their buttonholes the bonnet rouge in the shape of a cockade . They also drew a guillotine on the wall . When they were relieved in their turn they renewed their
cries with redoubled violence . The Commissary of Police began to draw up a report against one of th & se mutineers , when the man charged at tho magistrate with his bayonet , and might have killed him had not another citizen turned the point aside . The men of the guard , instead of aiding in the arrest of this rebel , who had thus violated the rules of discipline and all moral law , protected him against the public force . A conduct so scandalous could not be suffered to remain unpunished , and consequently the Prefect suspended the service of the National Guard and disarmed the revolted company .
GtORY to Proudhon , —The Peuple , of Tuesday , contains another admirable article against the President of the Republic for not having commuted the punishment of Daix and Lahr , an account of whose execution we have given above . Proudhon , in his article , goes the length of calling M . Louis Napoleon Buonaparte an assassin , and declares that the whole responsibility of restoring the guillotine will rest on the Piesident ' s head . The article concludes by calling on the workmen of Paris not to place credence in any assurances of humanity on the part of that high functionary . [ Very good advice . ]
More Persecution . —A former sergeant of the Republican Guard , already condemned for participation in Barbes' affair of 1839 , was sentenced on Monday , by the court-raartia ) , to twenty years' imprisonment for having joined the insurrection of June ; twenty-two soldiers , of whom fire are sons of officers , were arrested on Sunday at the Fort of Vincennes . < Clubs . —The government has revived the discussion on the bill to close the clubs . On Monday the whole sitting was occupied with the speeches of M . J . Favre against the measure , and of M . Leon Faucher in its favour . The discussion was adjourned .
Oh Tuesday the Assembl y recorded a most important vote . The clubs are interdicted . This decision was made at a late hour last eveninir bv a majority of 378 to 359 . * ' It is said thatthe Clubbists have resolved to resist the new law .
GERMANY . The Frankfort Parliament . —March 12 th . — We have been taken by surprise to-day . Welcher , the great champion of the Directory , has moved for the immediate investment of the hereditary dignity of Emperor in the house ot Honenzonlern . THREATENED RUSSIAN INTERFERENCE , ( From the Daily News . ) PRUSSIA—BEnLW , March 11 th At ihe present moment there is but one word in every mouth 'War with Russia . ' There remains no Wer the least doubt as to the fact of a note bavinjr been re ceived from St . Petersburgh , declaring the intention of the Czar to iaterfere in Germany in favour of menaced sovereignty , aright which he founds upon tbe treaties of 1815 . The Prussian gS ment bas taken up a decided position . The answer
France. The Trial Of The Republican Chie...
from Berlin to the Czar ' s note is tbat the first step of interference on the part of Russia will be the sienal for tbe declaration of war on the part of Prussia . This answer is already on its way to St . Petersburg , and in about ten days we shall have the Russian reply , peace or war . Meanwhile all the orders for the movements of the troops are read y drawn up and signed , and wait only the date to be issued for tbe fulfilment . Armaments are forming on the most extensive scale . Besides the com d ' armee of the eastern provinces , those of Pomt tMiUand the Mark are put upon a war-footing and the whole population liable to service , between twen ty and thirty-two , the levy of whicn was some time since put back from their not being wanted , are called out anew . . .. ~ . ,... H .. C ... J
. From the same paper we take the following :-The people are daily growing more dissatisfied with the knowledge that their king is not treating them worthily . Great apprehensions are entertained tor the 18 ih of March , and a serious rising seems to be meditated ; the quiet with which it . is doing , and ihe apparent submission of tbe people , is itself a source of uneasiness . Six regiments . are arriving , nf line and landwehr , from Silesia and Pomerania . [ So , after all that has been said to the contrary , the Prussians do not seem to be too well satisfied with their most liberal king . ]
Anwivebsarv of the Berlin Insurrec . tion . —Berlin , March 18 . —The anniversary looked forward to with so much anxiety has passed over without any disturbance , a result due rather to the repressive measures ot the government than to the disposition of the people . There was no parade of military force ; indeed ; the troops were scarcely visible throughout the day , but the preparations of the authorities to crush a movement , had one been attempted , were made on an' enormous scale . From eleven to two o ' clock the new police could scarcely disperse the groups that gathered in the Fredericstrasse , and other principal streets ; there was a very evident inclination to resist them ; and about mid . day the aspect of things was rather threatening . The crowds consisted for the most part of
welldressed persons ; some , but not any great proportion , wore the German cockade in the centre of a knot of black crape . The disposition to gather in groups and listen to harangues , a thing unknown since the state of siege , was again manifested ; and it was as much as all the police force could do to keep the masses separated . Till near three o ' clock the Frederic-strasse and Behrens-strasse were crowded by gioups which , but that many were brought thereby mere curiosity , would have been dangerous , for there was a good deal of ill-temper to be perceived among them . The burial place of the martyrs of the insurrection was surrounded by hosts of concealed troops and artillery . —Times . The late Austrian Diet . —The dissolution of
theKremsier Diet occurred in this Wise : —On the evening of the 6 th of March , while the Diet was yet sitting , Stadion arrived with the under secretary from Vienna . Bach , who came with them , went on to Olmutz . After ten o ' clock , Stadion sent for a number of deputies to the castle . These , who had just come home from the sitting to their lodgings , went , suspscting no harm . After their arrival , the castle entrances were all closed . Amongst the summoned were Palacky , Stroback , Pinkas , Brauner , Leopold , Neumann , Lasser , Hasselwandter , Newwall , Petranovic , Szasskiewitz , and others . Count Stadion exposed to the assembled
deputies the state of matters in Hungary , and other motives , which had determined the emperor to oclroy a constitution , and to dissolve the Diet . Thereupon he ordered Dr . Cajetan , mayor , to read the octroyed constitution , to which the deputies listened in mute wonder . Stadion then begged them to accompany him to Vienna , there to deliberate with him upon the constitution of the provincial departments . Thereupon several of tbe deputies spoke in turn , stating their various doubts , surprise , objections , & c > , to which Stadion listened , as one who would consider of what they said . He only remarked , however , that he bad already countersigned the decree . He then retired with Helfert , and came back
in a quarter of an hour , when he declared that he must immediately set out for Olmutz , in crder . if possible , to get tbe octroyed constitution suspended . The result he would send by a telegraphic despatch to Dr . Mayer . In the morning , however , instead of a telegraphic despatch , came a detachment of infantry , who established themselves in the court , blockaded the government establishments , and permitted the deputies access only to the post . The garrison had been strengthened during tbe night . At the corners of the streets were posted up the order for dissolution and the new constitution . In the evening abont ten deputes were arrested . Goldmark and Violand got off . Schuselka was decided on going to Vienna .
The deputies Fischdof and Prats were brought in under strong military escort . In the evening a deputation of the town . couneil left for Olmutz , to present an address of thanks to the emperor . The ex-deputy Fuster , against whom a warrant of hue aud cry had been issued , was arrested at Ratibor in Prussian-Silesia , and is already in the hands of the Austrian authorities . Since the above was put into type , we have heard that the ex-Deputy Fuster has escaped from tbe gaol at Ratibor .
Monarchical Terrorism . —Under date Vienna , March the 13 th , the correspondent of the Morning Chronicle writes : — ' The Square of St . Stephen presented this morning an unusual appearance—unusual , at least , for the last two months . It was occupied by military , and patrols of cavalry rode up and down , the avenues leading to the cathedral church . On inquiring what this meant , I was told that the students had arranged and paid for a mass to be performed in memory of those of their members who fell thi « day twelve months in the cause of liberty , and were proceeding to the square in a body , to be present at the performance of the service . Welden bad , however , got information of the matter , and put a stop to it . Several had been arrested . The streets are unusually crowded to-day . '
THE WAR IN HUNGARY . Pesth , March 9 . —The Ban left on the 8 th , at four in the morning . Windischgratz has moved all disposable troops , and even a good portion of the corps employed to besiege Comorn fortress , towards the TheisS ) to stop the march , if possible , of the victorious Hungarians . On the 8 th a fight must have taken place in the direction of Szolnok : lor , during the night , a great many waggons arrived with wounded . Also the lines of the Danube by the bridge of Pesth were filled with troops , evidently in the view of covering a precipitate retreat . The officers of the Ofen garrison have sent away their wives .
In the Breslauer Abendblatt we find the following additional details of the affair at Kapolna and Szolnok , and subsequent movements : — ' In the first encounter at Szolnok , the Grammonnt brigade , of 5 , 000 strong , was completely surrounded by the Magyars , and part cut down , and part taken prisoners . Grammont was amongst the taken . The general of the cavalry , Ottinger , died of bis wounds at Pesth , on the 5 th inst . In another engagement , on the 3 rd of March , the General Zeisberg was taken prisoner , with his whole division . In this affair the Austrians lost sixty pieces of artillery and 9 , 000 men ( sic ) . The Magvars had passed tbe
Danube at Tolan , and threatened the main corps in the rear . Henee the precipitate retreat to Pesth . It was in contemplation to make an obstinate defence at Ofen , where Windischgratz had established his head quarters , and to abandon Pesth . Recskemet , the second town of tbe Pesth district , was in the hands of the Hungarians , and Georgey was approaching Raab with a strong corps . ' Further direct news from Hungary , in the same paper , gives as the name of the place where the Austrians were beaten on the 3 rd inst . by Demblnski , Mezokovesd . 'The retreat of the Austrians was little less than flight . They were overtaken in the night again at Ceegled , where they sustained fresh losses . Jellachich , in consequence , left Pesth late at night . Discomfited
troops are continuall y dropping in at Ofen and Pesth , in the last state of discouragement and fatigue . It is even said that Ofen will not be held longer than is necessary to coyer the retreat . Stuhl-weissenburg is also in the hands of the Hungarians . That the Magyars are masters of the whole of Transylvania , with the exception of Kron . stadt and flermanstadt , has been already announced . The Austrian troops have suffered a defeat at Comorn , where they were constructing a bridge over the Danube , for the purpose of storming the fortref s . The work was all but finished when the batteries in Comorn began to play . The bridge was battered down , and the troops that were advancing to cross and those that were engaged in its construction , were either killed or driven back . '
ITALY . The Roman Republic— Under date March the 4 th , the correspondent of the Daily News writes , the course of events keeps its onward march , and the prospect of undoing what has bee . n done in Rome , becomes every day more dim and distant .
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Since the unutterably foolish step of refusing to receive a deputation , headed by Prince Corsmt , and composed of his own two Chambers of representatives and peers , to arrange an amicable return to his dominions , the Pontiff has gradually placed a wide barrier indeed between the tiara and the once submissive and devoted population of these territories which all the powers of Europe can never remove . There may be an abrupt and violent attempt to force a clerical ruler again on these people , but what is to become of his successor , and how many thousand troops and millions of dollars will suffice to garrison and keep down the twenty or thirty large O . ., . ^ -..-i . , _ t i : „ u . i . rofnsinp
retowns , which all vie with each other in sustaining the Roman commonwealth and its popular assembly ? The flippancy with which folks talk of ¦ intervention , ' as if it were a mere foraging excursion of some ten thousand troops , to come , and go with a veni , vidi , vici , is marvellously , absurd . The doings of the last three months have created a spirit here which a whole century would not develope in any other circumstances ; and to a person on the spot , conversant with the feelings of all classes of society here , nothing is more lamentably ludicrous than the Neapolitan speculations of the Times' correspondent , and the wind-bags of inflated rhetoric put forth as leaders in the Chronicle .
THE ROMAN REPUBLIC TO ALL NATIONS . The Constituent Assembly . —The following manifesto has been published at Rome : — 'A new nation presents itself to you to solicit and to offer friendly feeling , respect , -fraternity . The nation that formerly was the moat illustrious on the face of the earth presents itself to you as a new one . But between the ancient grandeur , and this resurrection , the Papal power stood for upwards of a thousand years . People of Europe , we knew each other when the name of the people of Rome inspired terror ; we have known each other when our name excited pity , You may abhor the memory of that age ef
dominion and violence , but you cannot-condemn us to ex-Cite for ever the pity of the world . Which of you would Wish to be pitied ? The people of the Roman State have determined to reform their political constitution , and have created a Republic ; and before this great act of the imprescriptible sovereignty of the people , the past is destroyed and vanishes . The people have willed it . Who is above the people ? God alone ; but God created the people for liberty . Tbe people have willed it , and they need not seek justification for the past ; their reason is anterior to every human act .. But if we turn our eyes to the past we may with tranquillity contemplate the ruins
of the Papal power , much more so than the latter , when it contemplated the ruins of our ancient po litical greatness . The history of Italy was a tale o ? sorrow , and a large portion of it was ascribed to the Papal power . And , notwithstanding , when the Pope came forward and placed the cross on the national banner , the world saw that the Italians were ready to forget tbe faults of the Holy See , and the revolution began in the name of a Pope . But that was tbe touchstone of what a Pope could or could not do . The predecessors of the last Sovereign had been too cautious to attempt the trial , and their power was measured onlv by the misery entailed on tbe people .
The last Pope was the first ta risk the attempt , and wished to stop when he discovered that he had revealed a terrible truth , namely , the impotency of the Papal power to render the Italian nation free , independent , and glorious ; he wished to withdraw from the work , but it was too late , for Papacy had judged itself . It is hence that the downfall of Popery has been so near its glory } the glory of the papal power was the northern light that precedes darkness . We still hoped , but a system of reaction was the answer that came from the Papal power . Reaction fell ; the Pope at first dissembled , saw the tranquillity of the people , and fled ; and in his flight he
here with him the certainty of exciting civil war ; he violated the political Constitution , left us without a government , repelled the messengers of the people , fomented discord , then threw himself into the arms of the most ferocious enemy of Italy , and ex . communicated the people ' . These facts sufficiently show that the Papal sovereignty neither could , nor would , modify itself , and nothing was left but bear it or destroy it . It was destroyed . If the liberality of kings , or the toleration of nations , had placed the Papal power in the city of the Scipios and Caesars , instead of in the heart of France or on the banks of the Danube or the Thames , was that a
reason for depriving the Italians of all the rights common to nations—the country and liberty ? And if it be true that the possession of temporal sovereignty be necessary to the spiritual power of the Pontificate , although it was not on such a condition that Jesus Christ promised immortality to his Church , was Rome then destined to become the patrimony of the Pope , and be so for ever ? Rome the patrimony of a Sovereignty , that to subsist was forced to oppress , and to be glorious , was forced to fall ? And , as a patrimony of Papacy
was Rome to be the permanent cause of the ruin of Italy ? Rome , whose traditions , whose name , nay , whose ruins so loudly speak of liberty and patriotism ? Provoked and abandoned to ourselves , we have ef . fected the revolution without spilling a drop of blood , we have re-edified almost without letting the sound of demolition be heard—we have completely uprooted the sovereignty of the Popes , after having patiently submitted to it for so many ages—not from any hatred of Papacy , but from love for our country . When a Revolution has been effected with such
morality of purpose and means it is at once proved that this people did not deserve to be under the sway of Papacy , but was worthy of being its own master , worthy of the Republic ! It is worthy , therefore , of being admitted into the great family of nations , and of obtaining your friendship and esteem . The Roman Republic will bear the stamp of its origin . It will make a free people defend the religious independence of the Pontiff , to whom tbe religion of a Republican people will be worth more tlian a few roods of territory , The Roman Republic proposes to apply the laws of morality and universal charity to the line of conduct it intends to follow , and to the development of its political lite , For the Assembly , ' The President , G . Gallktti . 1 Rome , March 2 . '
PIEDMONT , LOMBARDY , AND AUSTRIA .-A letter from Turin to the Patrie of the 14 th says , The King , yesterday , received the visit of Lord Abercrombie , the British minister , who endeavoured to arrest the King in the course he was taking . The King answered him warmly , and nearly in these terms : To please yon , M . Ambassador , I signed , last year , the armistice at Salasco , which was a disgrace to me . I stopped at the Adije , and submitted to a mediation , which is charged as to me into a treason . Since the 7 th May our situation is intolerable .
The sacrifices which we bear are more onerons than war ; and I have still closed my ears to the sufferings of the Lombards and Venetians . What have you done for me ? Nothing ' . for you would not even interpose when Austria violated the armistice . You have by your silence , approved these violations of the right of nations . Now that we are plunged in an abyss , ought we to resign ourselves to remain in it ? No ! M . Ambassador , so ! I prefer seeing my crown shivered by cannon balls to being hooted in the streets . At all events , if I must succumb , my fall shall be honourable for myself and ray people , ' * '
To-day the minister Ratazzi made the following communication to the Chamber of Deputies : — ' The day of action has arrived . The King ' s government , after having exhausted every measure fer obtaining an honourable peace , which would secure the inde . pendence of Italy ; and after having waited in vain for the mediation of the two great constitutional powers to advance towards this object , we are at last obliged to put an end to this delay , and to vindicate the rights of Italy by arms . The armistice was accordingly denounced on the 12 th , and the resumption of hostilities in eight days notified to Marshal Radetsky . The mediating powers have also been informed of the same resolve through diplomatic channels . '
The Blessings op Monarchy . —Field-Marshal Radetsky , the worthy servant of the worthy Emperor of Austria , has published a proclamation , dated the 10 th , reminding the public of the nine species of crime punishable with immediate death . Among these are illicit enrolments , seduction of soldiers , connivance at desertion , and the possession of arms and ammunition . Other minor offences , such as having unvisaed passports , disobedience to the military , & c , are punishable with arrest and irons for the space of from a month to a year .
MONAUCHY AND MpbUBR . -AtROCITIBS OF A Royalist Ruffian .-Wc recommend the admirers of . Monarchy to read , mark , learn , andinXdlv digest the followin g ^ Marshal Radetz ky announced to the garrison of Milan , bv anSdero ' f the day of the 12 tb , the cessation of t ^ armistce fZL ^ iK - ' vociferating atrocious threats against tbe Italians . All the doors and shops were closed on their pa ^ nd they rematned during the whole Jenin ^ TJ ^ L ot ventu e out Tn ° „ ^ ' ^^^ Umngiared to venture out . All business was suspen ^ -fcaja that
France. The Trial Of The Republican Chie...
moment . When night came on , bands of intoxicated Croatian soldiers , with lighted torches , marched through the city uttering savage cries of 'Longlive Radctzky , and death to the Italians ! ' The Podesta was summoned in the- evening to the residence of the Marshal , who ordered him to inform the inhabitants that at the first movement or symptoms of insurrection the city should be reduced to ashes . He then showed the Podesta the preparations he had made for the purpose in the Citadel , the congreve rockets , mortars , and other combustible matters it contained , and finally told bim that he would leave in Milan five or six thousand men to execute his insendiary orders . moment . When night came nn . bands of in toxicated
SICILY . —Advices from Leghorn and Marseilles state that a Neapolitan expedition of 6 , 000 men had sailed for Sicily , and would embark at Messina to reinforce the line of the Melazzo to Paormina . According to other advices it would appear that the chambers and government of Palermo are controlled by battalions of volunteers of desperate character , of whom three-fourths are foreigners of all countries , and who will not allow any kind of compromise , threatening the city with pillage if it be evert spoken of . NAPLES AND SICILY . —The Daily News says : —We regret to state that advices from Palermo of the 8 th , announce the determination of the Sicilians to reject the Neapolitan ultimatum . The
English and French fleets reached Palermo on the 6 th , and on the following day transmitted to the Prince of Butera tbe ¦ missive of his Majesty the King of Naples . The answer was not publicly announced on the 8 th , but the universal opinion was that the constitution was utterly unacceptable , and that the only alternative was war . The admirals declared that they would stay to the last moment of there being hope of an accommodation . The Sicilians look to none . In Naples itself , the two Chambers and the Cabinet are so much at variance , that the latter has represented to the . King the impossibility of continuing the government without a dissolution and new elections , and the King , it is raid , accedes . The Chambers refuse to vote the taxes—will the present ministry remain in office ?
INDIA . We have received , in anticipatisn of the Overland " Mail , intelligence from tha army of the Punjau > up to the 3 d , from Lahore and Mooltan to the 4 th , from Calcutta to the 7 th , and from Bombay to the 13 th ot February . Since the departure of the mail conveying to England the news of the fall of Mooltan , and battle of Cbillianwalla . on the left bank of the Jbelum , little of moment had taken place as regards the army of the Punjaub .
Up to the 3 d of February , Lord Gough was busily occupied in fortifying his camp . Shere Singh ' s army was about four miles' distance from the Commanderin chief's camp . It was generally supposed in Lord Gough ' s camp that nothing would be done in the way of offensive operations till the arrival of reinforcements from Mooltan and Lahore ,
REBELLION IN THE BRAZILS . Rebellion has broken out in this country . Under date Pernambuco , February , 3 d , a correspondent oi the Daily News , says : —Since I last wrote things have come to a crisis . The rebels attacked the town in three columns , at three different points , at d aybreak yesterday , morning , and succeeded in entering the city by the Cinco Pontes road . They obtained partial possession of the Santos Antonio , where they were aided by their friends in town firing upon the
troops from the houses ; and some desperate fighting has taken place . The government troops and marines ( landed from the vessel of war ) , aided by the volunteer corps , however , kept possession of the principal posts until about two o ' clock in the afternoon , when Cicelo arrived with his forces , and completely routed the rebels ; their retreat by the Affagodos road having been cut off , none of the body that entered by that road have escaped . There has been a fearful loss of life , and a large number of prisoners were taken . The column of rebels that attacked
the suburbs by the Solesado road were kept at bay outside the Boa Vista , and the third column only penetrated as far as Estancia by the Margainho road . These two latter parties fought desperately to attain their object of entering the citybytheBoad Vista . They fought from five o ' clock in the morning until six o clock in the evening , but without gaining any ground . During the night they have retreated to the country ; the government troops are too much worn out with their forced marches to follow them . Their principal leader , Mines Machado ( a Decembrazzado and deputy to the gftueral assembly ) , was killed early in the day , and to his death the rebels attribute their defeat . Some others of their leaders are prisoners .
' Feb . 8 . —The Columbus has been detained till to-day . Everything continues quiet in the town . The rebels that still continue under arms are in the neighbourhood of Pasmado . I cannot ascertain their numbers correctly , but they are supposed to be about 1 , 000 or 1 , 200 strong . A g reat many of the rebels have been met with in small parties since the day of the battle , and refusing to surrender have been shot . The total number of rebels killed is fully 500 . '
Another battle took place on tbe 16 th , the rebels numbering 1 , 500 , and the royalists about 1 , 300 . The rebels were beaten . They lost some hundreds , including Roma , their leader , which disheartened them considerably . They retreated to Brijo d'Aria , where it was expected the decisive struggle would lake place . Of the eventful success of the government hardly a doubt was entertained as the array bad been reinforced by 300 men from Bahia , and 1 , 800 more were daily expected from Bio Janeiro .
UNITED STATES . President Taylor delivered his inaugural address at Washington , on the 5 th of March . We give the following extracts : — " Elected by the American people to tha highest office known to our laws , I appear here to take the oath prescribed by the Constitution ; and , in compliance with a time-honoured custom , to address those who are now assembled . The confidence and respect shown by my countrymen , iu calling me to be the chief magistrate of a Republic holding a Kign rank amonsj the nations of the earth , have inspired me with fenlings of the most profound gratitude ;
but , when I reflect that the acceptance of the omce which their partiality has bestowed imposes the diS ' charge of the most arduous duties , and involves tbe weightiest obligations , I am conscious that the position which I have been called to fill , though suffi * cient to satisfy the loftiest ambition , is surrounded by fearful responsibilities . Happily , however . in the performance of my duties , I shall not be without able co-operation . The legislative and judicial branches of the government present prominent ex * amplcs of distinguished civil attainments and
matured experience ; and it shall be my en' / cavour to call to my assistance in the Executive departments individuals whose talents , integrity , and purity of character , will furnish ample gurrantees f « r . he faithful and honourable performance of the trusts to be committed to their charge . With such aids , and an honest purpose to do whatever is right , I hope to execute diligently , impartially , and for the best interests of the country , the manifold duties devo lved upon me . In the discharge of these duties n > Y guide will be the constitution , which I this day sff # r to preserve , protect , and defend .
"Chosen by the body of the people , under the assurance that my adminstration would be devoted to the welfare of the whole country , and not to the stipf " of any particular section or merely local interest , J this day renew the declarations I have heretolqrt made , and proclaim my fixed determination to »» ' ?' tain , " to the extent of my ability , the government ib its original purity , and to adopt as the basis of w public policy those great Republican doctrines wl » c 0 constitute the strength of our national existence .
"As American freemen , we cannot but sympathy in all efforts to extend tbe blessings of civil and P ° j litical liberty ; but , at the same time , we are wan * by the admonitions of history and the voice o « £ own beloved Washington , to abstain from entanfc hng alliances with foreign nations . In all disp ^ between conflicting governments , it is our lmei ^ » not less than our duty , to remain strictly neu , " *' while our geographical position , the genius pi o ^ institutions and our people , the advan cing spi " civilisation , and , above all , the dictates of reiy "' direct us to the cultivation of peace . ' ul and uie » ' relations with all other powers . ,
"In conclusion , I congratulate youmy feBo * " tbe zens , upon the high state of prosperity to w » c ' flUr goodness of Divine Providence has conduct 6 ' fl { common country . Let us invoke a rantinUi " ^ the same protecting care which has led us frotn * ^ beginnings to the eminence we this day occup . . e let us seek to deserve that continuance by p » i t . and moderation in our councils—by well-uij " ^ tempts to assuage the bitterness which too ^ marks unavoidable differences of opiqion ) ^ , promulgation and practice of just and lll ) e ! ; ' , , s h , iH pies ,-and by an en ' arged patriotism ffl "" v ide « acknowledge no limits but those of our 0 > ul spread republic . " . j pro * The crowd in the square was immense , w » bably numbered 10 , 000 . „ „ , Ucl < Great cheering and a discharge of cannon and after the delivery of the address .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), March 24, 1849, page 2, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_24031849/page/2/
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