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IlilOr 24, 1845. " "' , THE'TroMflrra^ff...
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" j « And I will war, at least in words,...
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PRO! PROGRE SS OF THE NEW REFORMATION Ou...
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Horrible Manslaughter at DcfflmriEJU). —...
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THE LAND! Within that land was many a ma...
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A Conscientious Judge.—Judge R. M, Shear...
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Lo.vdo.y ©oks ExoitASOB, MoOTitfAUy' ] 9...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Ililor 24, 1845. " "' , The'tromflrra^Ff...
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" J « And I Will War, At Least In Words,...
" j « And I will war , at least in words , ( J ( And—shoulci my chance so happen—deeds } , "f "ffith all who war with ThonghtP « « i ^ aiiJjl hearalittleoird , whoHng 8 T The people by and by will be the stronger . "—Btbon
Pro! Progre Ss Of The New Reformation Ou...
PRO ! PROGRE SS OF THE NEW REFORMATION Oui Our readers may remember thai the first subject disco discussed by us under the head of "Foreign Move ment m enfe , " was the extraordinary religious agitation wlic ! which has for some time past pervaded a large portion i tion of Germany ; occasioned , firstly , by the exhibition ; tion at Treves ofthe " Old Clo ' , " or seamless coat of Jesc Jisrs Christ ; and , secondly , by the commencement of w of what has been appropriately termed the " New Befo " & fbnnation , " led on by the celebrated priests Rokge whowith
and and Czehski , , their adherents , have renoui nouneed allegiance to , and thrown off the yoke of Ron Rome . Our former articles on this subjectappeared in f in the Star of March 8 th and 15 th . We then promis jaised to " report progress" at a future time , and we now jow proceed to fulfil our promise . Ji In the Sachsische Vaterland's Blatter of the 14 th Jan January , printed at Leipsic , appeared an eloquent lett letter from the pen of Rokge , headed "A Word adt in , i frswi exclusively to ike Romanists of Germany , as a Jfti JQi !) Tears Gift for 1815 . " The following extracts fro jrorn this letter will show the British public with wli what fearless and uncompromising vehemence the " t " doings" of Rome and her priesthood in Germany an are laid bare . It is an ex-Romish priest who speaks : let let the nations listen and gather knowledge from his wi words : —
Followers of the Roman Hierarchy , —I have stood an among you , and have beheld with what sort of sport you sj > sport with mankind , what your intentions towards it are . Y < Tour lips utter indeed the words of truth , but they dwell nc not in your hearts ; mercy and love are indeed in your a ) mouths , but they dwell not in yonr bosoms . The Pharisees , as they are painted in Scripture , are a < as children compared to you , Jesuits and ghostly tyrants ! X The high priests and the Jewish priestcraft consumed H their people only ; but you have on your conscience tl the unhappy condition of many nations . Whose was tl the guilt that caused torrents of German blood to flow ii in the reign of Henry the Fourth , and a thirty years ' ? war to desolate the German empire ? By whom was ] Poland hurled into ruin , and in later times France and
! Spain torn by intestine commotions and civil war ; By the ambition , the rapacity , the immorality , aud i machinations of the Roman hierarchy , whose instruments dare assume the sacred titles of fathers and teachers of nations . Those who have not scanned these vile instruments might trust their toothing words , and deem diem angels of light , messengers of peace , the bearers of salvation . Yet where shall we meet with the blessings ibey have scattered , where the felicity that follows their footsteps ? "What is the morality they practice ; what mean their nattering words of love , what has been under their guidance the fate of that religion which should render nations happy ? But the clouds are dispersing , and broken are the fetters which held men ' s minds in thraldom . Ye know this , and hence the violence of your indignation . Yet it is done . Ibey who neither know nor
feel that the empire of deception and superstition is gone , { ball shortly be convinced . Ever since I have risen up against you , to expose with all simplicity your ruinous misdeeds , what has been the sentence , what the acts , not only of the German but of foreign nations ? Ye know that they are aroused and filled with enthusiasm , ye hear it , ye behold it at this very hour . What have been your pnx-eedings ? Ye have hurled corses and hatred from it sacred altars , with maddening zeal invoked against ie press the oensor * sthought 4 estxoyingimplemenbt , your sad inventions , and designed imprisonment , and , perchance , deeds more dire , for me , for all those who dare give utterance to truth , expose religion abused , the waitings of long-suppressed complaint , and the cries of nations . And truly , did it depend on you , who call yoursrlvts the apostles of love and light , I and others had long ceased to behold the light of day .
Me ye call a false prophet , traitor , Judas , perjurer , revolutionist , demagogue , communist , audi wot not . All ihis you designate me in your controversial writings , and revile and calumniate me from your consecrated pulpits . But what avails this ? Nought whatever . Ye but damage year own cause . Bat who am I that oppose you ? An iumtile individual , without wealth , without power , who has no dwelling but in the hearts of his friend , and of the greater part ofthe nation on whomyepractiseyour impositions—a man , whose indignation was aroused at your
deceptions , who could not stoop to be ahypecrite , who rejected tout livings , a man who spoke in behalf of our most injured nligion , and the cheated people , and whom , for so acting , ye hare dispossessed of his office and excommunicated as a criminal . "What can ye effect against me i Nought whatever . The nations whom ye have so often deceived wll no longer give you credence ; most of them stand by : ac . The small portion whom ye still retain in bondage iyyonrarts , your wealth , by fear and terror , will soon defart from your folds , when they become aware that we ight the good light in their behalf . * *
Though Dr . Baker , the late editor of the Hermes , be tver so jocose at one time and moved to tears at another , on seeing the pilgrimage to Treves , which he designates " Christian Poetry , " yet will no man , who is not devoid of fiuy sense of propriety , behold the immorality and kbauchtry exhibited at Treves as " Christian Poetry . " The understanding and hearts of millions are not thus to te imposed upon ; and though Bean Forster should indite isamnerable sermons against the licentiousness of the fit-. ; , aud in behalf of the Treves idolatry , vain is the sfort" Roman doctors , ye have yourselves afforded the prediction of vour approaching downfall , In spite of wit , "Christian Poetry / ' and craft . You will atont , If jou pajwercj for the abominations of centuries of which you iave been guilty . The impostures you practise will avail ao longer . What ! you would still be the teachers of
rtSgion , and ye traffic with religion like the every > day devotees of gain . What ! yon would be the heralds of the Gospel , of that Gospel in which it is related , that " wis cast out of the Temple all them that sold and bought within it , and overthrew the tables of the money changers and the seats of them that sold doves , saying -nto them— " It is written , my house shaH be called the louse of prayer , but je have made it a den of thieves , " and yet you would justify a bishop who has extorted asaey from a superstitions multitude . What ! ye would M the teachers of the people , the superintenders of location , morals , and civilisation , and ye defend the enormous folly of venerating—nay , of worshipping , a garment ? * . # * * i ^ 'iMB i ^ a ^ isf ^ efcttr ^ of God , and liis spirit animates ~ To this Church it is that 1 have sworn to be faithful
—am to a Bishop of Some . Mark this , and do not aera » me of violating my sacred obligations , as yon Rosiamsts daily break yours . Yes ; daily do ye break your oa 2 is towards mankind ; for we should urge the truth , " awl art in accordance with its dictates—reconcile and perfect the "human race ; and yet this sacred duty ye * sicked ! y neglect . The people are impoverished by your tactions and luxury ; your example teaches them innno" * % ; and , suppressing all intellectual aspirations , yon ¦ k "* wil man of his dignify . Sot only do you violate the " 3 » ed obligations of your oaths towards mankind , bnt ' ¦ hos * you owe to yonr fatherland ; for you owe your birth ¦ " ¦ deducation to a German father and mother ; you are * 4 aud maintained by the sweat of jour German fellow
Kaens ;« ye know and speak the sounds of the German fH ' Sue , being that in which your mother greeted you as Jon entered life , and in which she uttered the accents of ier undying love ; ye participate in the productions ofthe ' jrruian mind , and reap the best fruits of German jndus-**! and German arts ; ye dwell with yonr compatriots in * he provinces of our home ; ye breathe the country ' s air ; "he German mountains , rivers , states are yours , as they are ours : ye have everything in common with us , and yet je are not Germans , for ye blindly obey the Roman Bishop ; ye are his skives , and oppress and degrade your German brethren . Consider all this , read the pages of history , look around you , anil yon will be convinced that "he Roman dominion is gone , and that the Jesuits can no longer find an abiding place among ns .
The hour struck , the path was cleared , before you , it wasfoTjou to determine—Roman or German , slaves or freemen , hypocrisy or truth , hierarchy or Christianity were the watchwords . Bat you have attended neither to the voice of your religion , nor to that of your conscience , reason , and country . Ye are resolved to remain the servants and instruments of the Roman Bishop on the German soil ; yon desire evermore to keep under subjection , and betray your fathers , mothers , brethren , and sisters , the nation and your fatherland . Be it so ; but , in the " jwe of my country , I proclaim that vcuftiU y ye have chosen ' ^<^< tnge ^ ursdeesfromyourfeW > a-eUizens ; depart , then , ^ iotaitryofyour adoption , which yo * prefer to the soU ' ^ ttriJ . eJifcr the walls of Borne , sustain them against *" : » ' " t « fe gf blood , the tears , the maledictions of the nations " ^ - ' . < w \ Believe it , the hour is nearer athiAd than
*} ^ Seem in your fended security . Other priests ^ " **» i arise , and communities and teachers equally ° J > P <> se jua . ifceadj , h * ke the distant sounds of the ^ "Pest , The spirit approaches which soon will lay waste •^ tottering edifice ; the chains that gall the mind and , « n are breaking , and nations are entering the light of 5 * J " . « f truth , and of mental freedom . Spring has set in , 4 fts kalmy airs are wafted over the earth . I have felt * m playing around my heart and animating my spirits , * I saw the seed sown that now germinates , and never ^ iwaiIac ** rt iny post until the workbeaccomplisheil tea 1 " H'n' of dm ^ me commence - YoHr re " j ^ f" *' - '^ -ebut increased my energy , and boldly will I - *« re in the name of my country which has so long ^ J ^ yonr injustice and faithlessness , but which now g ^ by brotherly concord and untiring energy will ^ Prevail . " Rosoe . "
• n * e « mL , ffo rts of Rosge have been admirably HG *!? ** tbe Polish priest Czebski , curate of Pila PrS ^ iee Schneidemubl ) , asmall town in West ftewVi * k wa » < J > c fi ^ whosueceeded in inducing the n fr " * his parish to give in their adherence to BoniaT ftan , n » iuon . In retaining the recognised ia tv 1 n * nal , he now reads mass , not in Latin , but ttfer * Temae * dar language , with such omissions as also aSrT * - saints a" 5 thefr intercessions ; he has ti * WT ^ a ^ neolar confession . In defence of fte " " iL * nreh Czehski issued two publicationstW ^ Ti ? Faith , " and " The jm-tfficatibn of his ti ^ J «» tt the Roman Catholic Church . " For tWL ™<> nshe was cited to appear before the asXr ,, ? os en ' * k 30 th of January being fixed " - Jast term of his appearance . But Czebski
Pro! Progre Ss Of The New Reformation Ou...
did not obey the command . The Chapter therefore had recourse to the same means which had been employed at Breslaw against John RoxoE , and on the 23 rd of February last the excommunication and degradation ofthe Rev . —Czeeski , formerly a Roman Catholic priest , and nowpastbr apostolic ofthe Christian Catholic ChurchatSchneidemuhl , was published in all the Reman Catholic Churches in Posen . The bannof excommunication was pronounced not only against Czerski , but also against" all and every one who shall adopt his sentiments . " This once dreaded instrument of ecclesiastical tyranny is now however but little heeded ; it seems to have lost all its power to alarm ; and this excommunicating of a man several months after he had publicly withdrawn from
the Romish communion , aud declared his reasons for doing so , seems to have excited more ridicule than reverence even amongst Roman Catholics . The progress of the Reformation in Germany , and more especiall y in the Prussian provinces , has been strikingly rapid . At the commencement of the month of March , the Church in Breslaw numbered 600 members , that of the Berlin about as many ; SchneidemuhloOO , Annaberg 200 families , and eight or ten other places average 400 reformers , which , in less than six months , and with so slow a people as the Germans , is wonderful ! But besides these places , the Roman Catholics of Dresden , Leipsic , Brunswick , Bremen , and various small places in Saxony have caught the flame , and formed congregations of Dissenters from Rome . Even the south of Germany has been roused , and in Frankfort ,
Offenbach , Elberfield , Wiesbaden , & c ., demonstrations of sympathetic feeling and conviction have been made . 2 for is the power of the truth , and the newlyawakened brotherly interest for those whom in former days they would have thought it a duty to hate , confined to kind words , but manifests itself both in an avowed willingness to brave , with , them , the open violence or the secret machinations of an enraged hierarchy , and in contributions of pecuniary aid no way contemptible in amount , for the support and propagation of the new doctrine . This aid is needed , as one of the fundamental novelties of the infant reformation is the abrogation of all perquisites ( for burials , baptisms , marriages , Ac . ) , which have hitherto formed the chief part , not only of Roman Catholic , but of Protestant pastoral income in Germany . A letter dated Hamburgh , March 8 th , contains the following : —
Even where the spirit of reform does not extend to the abandoning of Rome altogether , it has excited and encouraged the hope of getting rid of some of her shackles ; and thus not only have several B oman Catholic congregations applied to their bishops t » take the initiative , ex officio , in throwing off the later exactions and devices of Rome , bnt more than one Romish clergymahhas , through the medium of the press , manfully exhorted the German bishops and higher clergy to "imitate their nobler predecessors in the last century , especially Bishop Houtkeain and the members ofthe Congress of Ems , and by forming a free German Roman Catholic Church , get rid at once of the Roman yoke , and the dangers of a schism which now threatens , not only the errors , but the existence ofthe Catholic Church . '' Such are the sentiments of Edward
Duller , whose " Public letter to the German bishops , " his " Address to German Catholics , whether Priests or laity , " his " Address to German Princes , " but above all his " Jesuits as they are and were , '' written for and dedicated to the people of Germany , are bought up almost as fast as they can be published ; while the Historical Examinat ions into the Pretensions ofthe Unseamed Ceat of Treves ( now , by tlie way , discovered to have a seam !) and 24 other unseamed coats , by the Bonn professors , Drs . Gildemeister and Sybel , is passing through its fourth edition '
To the above must be added the priest Light , who , in imitation of Rosss , published as address against the superstitions connected with the Holy Coat , which address has drawn down upon him deposition irom the priestly office , but has not caused him to retract . On the other hand , the enemies of the Reformation are tar from being idle—and in addition to all fair means of stopping the torrent , such as counter publications , counter associations , formation of reading societies ( in which carefully-selected Roman Catholic books are furnished gratis ) , they add the institution of new religious orders , such , as " The order of the Heart of Mary , " " The order of the Rosary , " & c ., to the members of which is specially ' committed the task of praying for the restoration of
apostates , various high privileges , and promises ot temporal and spiritual good , are bestowed on such as distinguish themselves by success in this good work ; and the ( at least ) equivocal expedient was resorted to of sending an ecclesiastical embassy , composed of the Roman Catholic clergy of Leipsic , conjoined with those of Dresden , to implore the King of Saxony to employ his authority to check the progress of this inroad on the papacy ! The application to Frederick Augustus , himself a Roman Catholic , has , to his eternal honour , put an end for ever to all hope of assistance from liim ; for he is represented to liave expressed his utmost astonishment that he , nineteen-twentieths of whose subjects are Protestants , should be applied to against them ; and that , too , at a moment when their
conciliatory conduct towards their Roman Catholic fellow subjects was so grateful to bis heart . "You know , moreover , " said his Majesty , "that I , as king of a constitutional state , have sworn to afford full freedom of conscience to the professors of every creed ; I , therefore , will not lay any hindrance whatever in the way of the present movement , but leave it to take its own free course ; for I neither could nor would try to torn any one aside from the ritual he deemed conducive to hb salvation . This , " added the king , yk ray unoZttrolfe , resolve ; " and with this unpalatable declaration , the disappointed clergy were graciously dismissed . Their attempt and its result soon got wind , and the noble reply of the Saxon monarch rang in notes of joy and triumph , through every street in Leipsic .
2 ST Since the above was in type , we have been put in possession of news much more recent , detailing the triumphant march of the new movement We must defer particulars till our next .
Horrible Manslaughter At Dcfflmrieju). —...
Horrible Manslaughter at DcfflmriEJU ) . — On Sunday morning great excitement was caused in Dukinfield and the neighbourhood , b y a report that a woman had been murdered in . Pickford-lane , a lonely read leading from Stanley Fold to various coalpita at the extremity of the township . It appears that the unfortunate , woman , whose name is Sarah Mallinspn ( aged 25 years ) , was employed as a card room hand at the mill of Messrs . Hyde , Sons , and Sowerby . She had only been living in the neighbour hood about three weeks , having come , from Manchester to work . She was known to keep company with , and in fact was far advanced in pregnancy by , a man named Charles Mason , a grinder at the mills
of Messrs . Binni and Dean , Dukinfield . About two o ' clock on Sunday morning the . inhabitants living at Stanley Fold heard a female screaming most piteously in the lane adjoining ; several persona got out of bed , and went to their chamber windows in order to ascertain the cause ; and , believing that it was merely a quarrel between a man and his wife , no further notice was taken of the matter , A little after three o ' clock , however , Sarah MaUinson was found lying in the lane , in a pool of blood , quite insensible , and in that state she was taken to the workhouse . Constable Eastwood was sent for , and on his arrival he obtained medical assistance , but the woman died shortly afterwards . , On examining the body , the skin was found to be bruised in various places , indicating that a
struggle had taken place ; and sue appeared to have lost a large quantity of blood from a wound in tlie leg . It being generally rumoured tliat Charles Mason had caused the woman ' s death , Mr . Little , the special high constable , along with constable Eastwood , apprehended him the same morning , and he was lodged in the Hyde lockups . In the course of the day , however , matters came to light ,, which proved that a notoriously bad character , known in the neighbourhood by the name of " Staffordshire Tom , " but whose real name is Thomas Brown , a collier , and a married man , was implicated . This man , early on Sunday morning , not being aware of the woman's death , mentioned to some colliers what
he had succeeded in doing , in language of a most disgusting kind ; and , at the same time , exposed his hands , which were covered with blood . On hearing of the female ' s death shortly afterwards , he left tlie neighbourhood in great haste . Some of the colliers , to whom he had communicated the information , waited upon constable Eastwood ,. and offered their services to go in search of him ; and on Monday two of them succeeded in apprehending him at Newton Heath , near Manchester , whence he was conveyed to the Hyde lockups . On Tuesday an inquest was held on the deceased , and a long investigation closed with a verdict of Manslaughter against Brown , who was immediately committed to gaol under the coroner ' s warrant .
Fatal Accident . —We regret to have to record an accident , attended with loss of life , which happened last night on the Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway . It appears that a Mr . Cowley , wine-merchant ( some sav cattle dealer ) , belonging to Glasgow , hired a special train to convey him to Edinburgh on some pressing business . The journey was performed without interruption till the train had reached within four miles of this end of the line , when thehalf-pastseven o ' clock train from Glasgow , proceeding at a pater velocity , overtook the special train engaged by Air . Cowley . By this time it was past nine o ' clock , and the
of course dark , and , as there were no lights on trains , and the noise of the one overcoming that of the other , neither of them had the least idea of their increasing proximity until they came into fearful collision , in which the ordinary train penetrated through tie carriage . of the special one , and thus crushed the unfortunate passenger to instantaneous death . We understand ' that no other person sustained any serious injury , though several of the carriages were thrown off the rails . The accident was immeo ^ tely coinmunicated to those connected witn the railway at the terminus here , when a party was forthwith dispatched to clear the line against tne coming of the mail train . — Edinburgh Advertiser ot Tuesday .
The Land! Within That Land Was Many A Ma...
THE LAND ! Within that land was many a malcontent , Who curs'd the tyranny to which he bent ; The soil full many a wringing despot saw , Who work'd his wantonness in form of law . Bibok . "The land is the people ' s inheritance ; and kings , princes , peers , nobles , priests , and commoners , who have stolen it from them , hold it upon the title of popular ignorance , rather than upon any right , human or divine . " —FEA » QU 8 6 'Connoh .
ATROCIOUS PERSECUTION OF THE HIGHLAND ERS . — THE SCOTCH LAND-ROBBERS UN MASKED . We take the following letters from the Times of Tues day and Wednesday last : — Letter I .
THE CLEARANCES IU THE HIGH 1 ANPS OF SCOTLAND . Ardgay , near Tain , Rossshire , May 15 . Those who remember the misery and destitution into which large masses ofthe population were thrown by the systematic " clearances" ( as they are here called ) carried on in Sutherlandshire some twenty-five years ago , under the direction and on the estate of the late Marchioness of Stafford—those who have not forgotten to what an extent the ancient ties which bound clansmen to their chiefs were then torn asunder—will regret to learn that that heartless course , with all its sequences of misery , of destitution , and of crime , is again being resorted to in Rossshire .
Amongst an imaginative people like the Highlanders , poetic from dwelling amidst wild and romantic scenery > shut oat from the world , and clinging to the traditions of the past , it requires little , with fair treatment , to make them almost idolize their heritor . They would spend the last dropof their blood in his service . But this feeling of respectful attachment to the landowners , which money cannot buy , is fast passing away . This change is not without cause ; and , perhaps , if the dark deeds of calculating "feelosophy , " transacted through the instrumentality of factors in some of these lonely glens—if the alraostiuconceivaMc misery and hopeless destitution in which , for the expected acquisition of a few pounds , hundreds of peaceable and generall y industrious and contented peasants are driven out from the means of self-suppcrt to become wanderers and starving beggars , and in which a brave and valuable population is destroyed—are exposed to the gaze of the world , general indignation and disgust may effect what moral obligations and humanity cannot .
One of these " clearances" is about to take place in the parish of Kincardine , from which I now write ; and throughout the whole district it has created the strongest feeling of indignation . This parish is divided into two districts , each of great extent ; one is called the Parliamentary district of Croick . It is so named from one of the churches which by a grant from Parliament about eighteen years ago were to be erected in the roost remote parts of the Highlands , having been built here . The length of this district is about twenty miles , with a breadth of from ten to fifteen miles . It extends amongst the most remote and unfrequented parts of the country ,
consisting chiefly of hills of heather and rock , peopled only in a few straths and glens . This district was formerly thickly peopled ; but one of these " clearances , " many years ago , nearly swept away the population , and now the whole number of its inhabitants amounts , I am told , to only 370 souls . These arc divided into three straths or glens , and live in a strath called Amathatua , another strath called Greenyard , and in Glen Calvie . ' It is the inhabitants of Glen Calvie , in number ninety people , whose turn it is now to be driven out of their homes , all at once—the aged and the helpless as well as the young and strong ; nearly the whole of them without a hope or a prospect for the future .
The proprietor of this glen is Major Charles Robertson , of Kindeace , who is at present out with his regiment in Australia ; and his factor , or steward , who acts for him in his absence , is Mr . James Gillanders , of Highfield-cottage , near Dingwall . Glen Calvie is situate about twenty-five miles from Tain , westward , and is named from a stream called the Calvie , which runs between abrupt hills and rocks , and forms the boundary of the township on one side . This Stream is here joined by the river Carron , a tolerably broad and deep rivulet , and on the tongue of land thus formed by the two rivers the cottages are built . Bleak rough hills , whose surface is almost all rock and heather , close in on all sides , leaving in the valley shut in by these streams a gentle declivity of arable land of a very poor
description , dotted over with cairns of stone and rock , not at the utmost computation \> f more than fifteen to twenty acres in extent . For this piece of indifferent land , with a right of pasturage on the hills impinging upon it , aad on which , if it were not a fact that sheep do live , you would not credit that they could live , so entirely does it seem devoid of vegetation beyond the broivn heather , whilst its rocky nature makes it dangerous and unprofitable even for a sheep walk , the almost incredible vent of £ 5-51 Os . 1 ms been paid . I am convinced that for the same land no farmer in England would give £ 15 at the utmost Even respectable farmers here say they do not know hojv the peop'e raised the rent for it . Potatoes and barley were growninthcvalley ; and some sheep and a few black cattle findprovenderamonssttheheathcr . Eightcenfamilieshave
each a cottage in the valley ; they have always paid their rent punctually , and they have contrived to support themselves without assistance in all ordinary seasons . They have no poor on the poor ' s roll , and help one another « v « the winter . On reference to the poor-roll , I find that the last relief given from the po ' or ' s funds was to a widow now dead , who received 5 s . o-year , and 4 s . Cd . a-year to a sicHygiri who-was unable to do anything . This relief ceased in 1612 . 1 am told that not an inhabitant of this valley has been charged with any offence for years back . During the war it furnished many soldiers - , and an old pensioner , 82 years of age , who has served in India , is now dying in one of these cottages , where he was born . For the convenience of the proprietor , some ten years ago four of the principal tenants became bound for the rest , to collect all the rents and pay the whole in one sum .
The " clearance" of this valley having attracted much notice , has been . thoroughly inquired into , and a kind of defence has been entered into respecting it , which I am told has been forwarded to the Lord Advocate . Through the politeness of . Mr . M'Kenzie , writer , of Tain , I have been favoured with a copy ofiit . The only explanation or defence of . the " clearance " , that lean find in it is , that " shortly after Mr . Gillanders assumed the management of Major Robinson ' s estate , he found that it became absolutely necessary to adopt a different system in regard to the lands of Glen Calvie from that hitherto pursued . " The " . different system" is , it appears , to turn barley and potatoe grounds into a sheep walk ; and the " absolute necessity" for it is an alleged increase of rent .
It was accordingly , m 1843 , attempted to serve summonses of removal upon the whole of the tenants . They were in no arrear of rent ; they had no burdensome poor ; for 500 years then' forefathers had peaceably occupied the glen , and the people were naturally indignant ,. Who can be surprised ! On the constables going amongst them with the summonses ( notices to quit ) , they acted in a manner , which whilst it shewed their excitement , not the less evinced their wish to avoid breaking the law . The women met the constables beyond the boundaries , over the river , and seizing the hand of the one who held the notices , whilst some held it out by the wrist , others held a live coal to the papers , and set fire to them . They were afraid of being charged with destroying the notices , and they sought thus to evade the consequences . This act of
resistance on their part has been made the most of . One of the men told me , that after this attempt to summons them , hearing tliat they were to be turned out because they did not pay rent enough , they offered to pay £ 15 a year more rent , and afterwards to pay as much rent for the place as any other man would give . The following year ( 1844 ) , however , the four chief tenants were decoyed to Tain , under the assurance that Mr . GUlandevs was going to settle with them , they believing that their holdings were to be continued to them . The notices were then , as they say , in a treacherous and tricky manner served upon them ; however , having been served , a , " decreet of removal" was . obtained againstthem , under which , of course , if they refused to . turn out , they would ; be put
put by force . Finding themselves in tins position , they entered into an arrangement with jfr . Gillanders , j ' n which , after several propositions on either . side , it was agreed that they should remain in possession till the 12 th of May , to give them time to provide themselves with holdings elsewhere . Mr . Gillanders agreeing to pay them £ 100 on quitting , and to take their stock at a valuation They were also to have liberty to carry away the timber of their houses , which really is worthless except for firewood . On their part they agreed to leave peaceably , and not to lay down any crop . Beyond the excessive harshness of removing the people at all , it is but right to say that the mode of proceeding in the removal has been temperate and considerate .
Two respectable farmers became bound for the people that they would carry out their part of the agreement , and the time of removal ha » since been extended to the 25 th of this month . In the defence got up for this proceeding , it is stated that all have been provided for ; this is not only not the case , but seems to be intentionally deceptive . In speaking of all , the four principal tenants only are meant ; for , according to the factor , these are oB with whom he had to do . And this is not the case even with regard to the four principal tenants . Two only , a father and son , have got a piece of black moor near Tain , twenty-five miles off , without any house or shed on it , out of which they hope to obtain subsistence . For this tiiey are to pay £ 1 rent , for seven acres , the first year ; £ 2 for the second year ; and £ 3 for a continuation . Another old man with a famil y has got a house and a small lot of land in Edderton , about twenty miles off . These are the
whole who have obtained places where they may hope to make a living . The old pensioner , if removing him does not kill him , has obtained two rooms for himself and family , and for his son ' s family , at a rent of £ 3 or £ 4 , some ten miles off , without any land or means of subsistence attached to it . This old soldier has been offered 2 s . a week by the factor to support him while he lived . He was one of the four principal tenants bound for the seni ; and indignantly refused to be kept as a pauper . A widow with four children , two imbecile , has obtained two small apartments in a bothie or turf-hut near Bonar-bridge , for which she is to pay £ 2 rent , without any larid ' or means of subsistence . Another man with a wife and four children , has got an apartment at Bonar-bridge , at £ 1 rent . He goes there quite destitute , without means of living . Six only out of eighteen households therefore have been able to obtain places in which to put their heads ; and of these , three only have a means of subsistence before them .
The Land! Within That Land Was Many A Ma...
The rest are hopeless aud helpless . Two or three of the men told me they had been round to every factor and proprietor in the neighbourhood , and they could obtain no place andnothingto do , and they did not know where to go to , or what to do to live , There can be no doubt that a fear of the New Scotch Poor Law influenced many in giving this refusal ; and looking at it in this light they cannot perhaps be blamed for refusing to take the probable burden of another on themselves . The cottages themselves are outside apparently low heaps of turf . They are grown over so as to be of the
colour of the brown hills , and at a distance are not distinguishable from the hill . They are all built on one plan , and are divided into three compartments . The first you enter is a stable or cow-shed ; a doorway out of this leads into the family room , and another doorway beyond leads to the for room , which is the bed-room and state apartment , being kept tidy and appropriated to receive visitors . The fire is on a stone in the middle ofthe family or centre room , and warms the whole cottage . Thou "' i the roofs and sides are blackened with the peat smoke everything within them is clean and orderly .
And for what are all these people to be reduced from comfort to beggary ? For what is this virtuous and contented community to be scattered and driven into destitution ? I confess I can find no answer . It is said that the factors would rather have one tenant than many , as it saves them trouble . But so long as the rent is punctually paid , as this has been , it is contrary to all experience to suppose that one large tenant will pay more rent than many small ones , or that a sheep walk can pay more rent than cultivated land . Now , no doubt there is an object in driving off the people—namel y , fcav ofthe New Scotch Poor Law compelling the heritors to pay towards the support of those who cannot support thcirselves . How they have hitherto performed this obligation , and why they should be afraid of the New Scotch Poor law , must form the subject of another letter ..
In the meantime let mc add , that so far from the " clearance" at Glen Calvie being a solitary instance in this neighbourhood , it is one of many . The tenants of Newmore , near Tain , who , I am told , amount to sixteen families , are to be " weeded" out ( as they express it here ) on the 25 th , by the same Mr . Gillanders . The same factor manages the Strathconnan estate , about thirty miles from Newmore , from which , during the last four years , some hundreds of families have , been " weeded . " The Government church of that district , built eighteen
years ago to meet the necessities of the population , is now almost unnecessary from the want of population . At Blackisle , near Dingwall , the same agent is pursuing the same course ; and so' strong is the feeling of the poor Highlanders at these outrageouspvoe jedingj , so far as tiny are concerned wholly unwarranted from any cause whatever , that 1 am informed on the best authority , and by those who go amongst them , and hear what they say , that it is owing to the influence of religion alone that they refrain from breaking out into open and turbulent resistance of the law .
I enclose you the defence of this proceeding , with a list of the names aud numbers of each family in Glen Calvie , in all ninety-two persons .
Lettes II , THE IKFAMOOS SCOTCH POOR IAW SISTEM , ' Ardgay , near Tain , Rossshire , Saturday , May 17 . In my last letter , giving you some account of the " clearance" at Glen Calvie ,-you had an instance of the manner in which whole Highland districts are depopulated , and in which the poor Highland cottiers are " weeded out , " as it is here termed , with a cold calculating lieartlessness which is almost as incredible as it is disgusting . 1 purpose to-day giving you a further description of the condition of the , poor , and o'f their treatment by the heritors , or landowners ; in so doing I shall confine myself to the surrounding district where I happen to be .
Iu the speech ' of the Lord Advocate on introducing the proposed new Scotch Poor Law Bill into the House of Commons , that learned lord is reported to have said , " lie did not think it requisite to make it compulsory upon all parishes to assess themselves . If the funds were provided —if the poor did receive sttjicicitt relic /— it was a matter of no general importance in what manner they were so provided . The parties interested ought to be allowed to raise the necessary funds in the manner most agreeable to themselves . " As the past conduct of those whose duty it was to provide funds for the poor must he taken as the best criterion of what their future conduct is likely to be , I will proceed to show what funds have been provided , and what relief the poor have received , under a voluntary
assessment ; and I think it will then be pretty apparent that " the manner most agreeable" to the heritors and others whose duty this is , is not to provide funds at all . I am now in the parish of Kincardine , ten miles west of Tain . This parish is divided into two districts ; one of these is the Parliamentary district of Croick , and is that part of the parish the most wild and unfrequented , in which , eighteen years ago , by a grant from Parliament , a church was built and endowed to meet the necessities of the then more numerous population . This district con ¦ sists chiefly of wild moors , extending twenty miles in length , with a breadth of ten to fifteen miles . By systematic " clearance" the population of the glens and valleys has been reduced to 370 .
For two years and a half before the disruption in the Church , the Rev . Mr . ttfrd , a very worthy and simpleminded man , who is my informant , was the established clergyman of this district . As such , it became his duty to receive and distribute the funds collected for the relief of the poor of his distriet . For the information of your English readers I may state , that each Sunday a collection is made at the church doors from the congregation , or the elders of the church go about with ladles , and the poor congregation subscribe their pence for their still poorer neighbours . The sum thus collected is handed to A treasurer-. The heritors rarely attend these churches , as they do not reside in the parish , and are therefore not often contributors' to this fund , as part of the congregation . They are for the greater part of theyear absentees from Scotland . ¦ Their subscription in aid of the poor ' s funds ' must therefore be by voluntary assessment , or contri . bution . The district of Croick is held by seven heritors or proprietors , whose total incomes , or rental derived from it , is about £ 2000 a year , > ¦
Amongst this Highland population of 370 souls , during the two years and a half immediately preceding the'disruption of the Church—that is , from three to four years ag » ( and the' only change in ' their condition at this moment is a change for the worse)—about twenty-seven were paupers— that is , persons aged and feeble , who could do nothing ; but , besides these , very many , who could do something towards their own support , were on the verge of'Starvation . There , are also two idiots , for whose support the seven heritors subscribe £ 6 annually , or an average of 17 s , ljd . each .
For the support' of these twenty-seven paupers the church-door collection amounts , or rather amounted before the disruption in the Church , to about £ 8 a year , a few shillings more or less . The voluntary assessment , or subscription of the seven heritors , as their share towards the support of the poor , " the aged ! andthe feeble , " of their own community was—nothing ; thet never ' gave ose vA"iTH «* o' ; The poor supported their own helpless poor '; the wealthy let them do so ' unassisted . The whole legal support , therefore , of those twenty-seven aged and feeble paupers on the poor ' s roll was just £ 8 a year , or on an average as . Ud . a year- each , or a fraction more ( as the Scotch like calculation ) than one penny farthing a week .
It happens that to this Parliamentary district of Croick an English gentleman ( Colonel Long , of Bromley , in Kent ) comes down every year to shoot . Pitying the abject and wretched condition of the poor Highlanders that he sees around him , he has been in the habit f # r several years back of leaving with the minister a yearly donation of £ 10 , to be distributed amongst the' most necessitous according to his discretion . Thus , then , an English gentleman and a stranger , deriving no rental from the parish , with no tie to bind him to it , gives out of pure humanity move to support the poor , "the aged and the feeble , " than the whole of the parish , including its heritors , who derive £ 2000 a year from it . It is in this district tliat Glen Calvie is situate , from which place its 90 poor cottiers are about to be " weeded . " During the three bad seasons of 1836 , 18 S 7 , and 1838 , to relieve the starring condition of the Highlanders , owing to the almost total failure of their crops , collections , as is well known , were
made in England to a large amount to purchase meal to distribute amongst them . During two of those years upwards £ 20 ' s worth of meal , bought by English generosity , was distributed amongst the cottiers of Glen Calvie . I am told that it is almost impossible to conceive how they existed , let each of those three years of absolute unproductiveness of their land , they contrived to pay , by sacrifiring their stock , and getting into debt , the whole of their rent , £ 55 10 s ., to their . lnndlord . . Theheritor did not abate them one sixpence—he did not subscribe one farthing towards the relief of their distress . In reality , in other words , as their land could not keep them , his rent was paid out of English charity . The poor cottiers feared to be backward in their rent , lest it should be caught as a pretext , and they should be ejected , the pretext has at length been found ; their valley is to be made a sheepwalk at an alleged increase of rent nobody believes can be given , and the fable of the wolf and the lamb has found another illustration .
It is , however , but right to state that the ladies of one or two of the heritors aud gentry who reside in the neighhood are very kind to the poor immediately around them . The lady of Sir Charles Ross / one of the heritors , and the lady of Mr . Ross , of Pitcalvie , the chief of the clan Ross , who is one of the resident lairds during a portion of the year , are spoken of as doing much good to the poor in their immediate neighbourhoods . The parish of Assynt is in Sutherlandshire , . adjoining this neighbourhood . It is divided into two districts , the larger of which is Assynt , and is about forty miles from where I write . It extends over a distance of about forty miles , by fifteen or eighteen miles in breadth , the greater part of it being black moor . The glen s and valleys are inhabited by a population of about 1 , 500 . The whole
are poor , but the very poorest , "the feeble and the aged , who can do nothing , " and who are on the poor's roll , are seventy in number . The amount collected in Kirk Session from these poor people for the support of those who are paupers amongst them , varies from £ 11 to £ 18 a-year . The Duke of Sutherland is the sole heritor of the parisli , and derives a rental from it of about £ 3 , 000 a-year ; Ms subscription . to the poor ' s fund of the whole parish is £ 6 a-ycar , of-which sum the district of Assynt gets £ 310 s „ the rest goes to the other district , called Stocr . Taking the ' highest sum as the Kirk Session collection , together with the heritor ' s voluntary contribution , the relief per head only average ' s 6 s . l $ d . a-year to the poorest of the poor , or not quite three halfpence a-week . I have the best authority for this statement , and my informant assured me that the highest sum that any of these paupers get is
The Land! Within That Land Was Many A Ma...
ts . a-year , or something less than one penny a-tveek ; whilst many of them only get half-a-crovm a-ycar , or a fraction more than o halfpamy a-week to live upon . They subsist , of course , by begging meal from their poor neighbours . In the parish of Fodderty , which is in the presbytery of Dingwall , there is a population of upwards of 2 , 000 , of which number about 100 of the most necessitous are on the poor ' s roll . The parish is about thirty miles by eleven in extent , and the property is owned by six heritors . The collections at the church door amounted to from £ 40 to £ 50 a-j-ear ; nearly the half of this was required for church expenses , leaving only £ 23 to £ 30 for the support of the poor on the roll . The heritors frequented the church only once or twice in the year ; and I have good
authority for saying that the amount of their church subscription for the poor never exceeded £ 2 a-yeav Beyond that , as heritors , by voluntary assessment or contribution , they—gavenothing . The largest amount that one of these poor families on the poor ' s roll ( for I am informed it is families and not individuals ) obtained in the year was " Kilf-a-flroum , or something more than a halfpenny a-week , for the poorest , or a pauper family , to subsist on ; whilst some received as little as Is . Cd . a-year for a family , or somc'fmip less tftan a halfpenny a-week . I am informed that , with the exception of the Seaforth family , who were very kind in assisting the poor around them , not one of these six heritors ever did anything for any of their poor , beyond an occasional subscription once or twice a-year at the church-door ; the extent of jwhich I have already stated .
It is apparent that nearly the whole support of the paupers is derived from the subscriptions of their poor neighbours at church , aided by begging . But when I mention the amount of these collections , I refer to the period before the Church disruption . Since that period , the great rtass of the people having gone over to the Free Church , the church collections , which were the principal aids to the paupers , have become wholly inadequate , and the consequence has been a considerable outcry on the part ' of the paupers who before had kept quiet , and applications have been made to the Court of Session at
Edinburgh to enforce allowances for their support from the heritors . Many of the people , too , knowing that their relief came from the subscriptions of their poorer neighbours , have borne the utmost privations with the greatest patience , and without conpluint , But now , when almost all relief has failed , from' the falling off of the church collection ? , and the heritors are compelled to support them , they say they will not be satisfied with their former scanty allowance , but will have sufficient to keep them from starving without begging from those nearly as poor as themselves .
I have no space now to notice individual cases of most gross and callous-hearted oppression in various other places . One man , a respectable miller , whose father , and grandfather before him , had rented a mill of one of the heritors in this neighbourhood , having taken the part of a poor woman who was ejected from her holding to make room for some improvements , and who on applying to her landlord to do something for her was beaten and driven from the door by him with a stick , walked ten miles yesterday to tell me his own case . In the midst of a winter ' s night , with deep snow on the ground , he and his aged mother were suddenly turned out of his house under a decreet of removal , and his mother is now bed-ridden from the consequences of that exposure to the weather , and distress of mind at thus being driven out of the place iu which she had lived the greater part of her life , I have heard some dozen similar stories of individual wrong , but will conclude with quoting the letter of a minister of a parish in this neighbourhood , sent to me two days ago : —
Nothing short of a visit to this quarter and conversation with the poor creatures themselves , could give an idea of the misery and wretchedness to which the people of this parish are reduced by the heartless and cruel tyranny of their oppressors . Here there is a kind of slavery ten times worse than that which for so loiig a period disgraced Britain . The poor are starving , and yet so much afraid are the people ( who are tenants at will ) of being removed , without any prospect of a shelter anywhere , and without means to support themselves , that lately I could get none to sign as witnesses to the petition of a pauper who required relief from the heritors and Kirk Session . They said if their names were seen as witnesses , how clamant soever the case ,, they were sure of being thrown upon the wide world at next term . I have a list in my possession of from fifty to sixty who
since the disruption were turned away from houses and lands , and service and employment , by a heritor in this parish , because they would not become residuaries and denounce the Free Church . I had myself to collect for them privately about £ 50 , otherwise I have no doubt some of them would have been reduced to starvation . One man who was turned out with his family ' could get no shelter , and was obliged to take refuge in an old bam , where his wife that night was confined . Imagine the state of that poor family in such circumstances . A widow , on the borders of 70 , whose husband before his death built a small cottage and barn , and "bought in" ( as we say here ) a little land , was summoned out at the term . She was perfectly at a loss what to do . Out she was obliged to go . For a few days she lived in her barn . But as she was preparing to go to bed oneniglit , a messenger from the heritor entered , and told her that that moment
she must be out . There was no alternative . That night , and a cold rainy night it was , she had to take her little supper on the hill-side , weeping bitterly , until some person coming the way took her into some house for the night . Her pieces of furniture were for weeks on the hill-side exposed to the weather . Another , who was on the poor ' s roll for many years , was turned out without any provision , and must have starved had not some person had compassion on her and sheltered her . ¦ I might have added niany simHar cases , but it is really sickening to think of them , and I am perfectly ashamed to say that in this , my beloved country , such cruelties could be tolerated . I have not the slightest doubt that had I not used my influence with my people , inculcating patience and forbearance , as the Gospel teaches , under trials and persecutions , the perpetrators of such unmanly and heartless acts would have dearly paid for their conduct .
I wish not to be unjust , and to fall into the stupid error of accusing the whole gentry of a county of natural meanness and tyranny . No doubt , as in all other communities , there are humane and good men , among them , as well as harsh and greedy men : but whatever may be the disposition of men , they must , all in some degree be affected by circumstances , I am informed by a gentleman who knows Ros ' shire well , and who from his position is well acquainted with the means of most of the proprietors , that many of the heritors and large formers , having been led into expensive habits from tlie higher rents and prices obtained during . the war , and not having been able to shake off those habits of living all at once , have got into embarrasstuent , and very many of the estates of the heritors are now in the hands of trustees for the benefit of
their creditors ; others are greatly shackled by debts and expenses which they have not always the means to meet . " It is ill for an empty bag to sit upright , " says the old proverb ; hence 'many of the mean shifts to which better intentioned men are compelled to . resort ; and to this general poverty , with expensive establishments , may be traced the greater part of those oppressions which shock humanity , and of those meannesses which make us ashamed of our common nature .
A Conscientious Judge.—Judge R. M, Shear...
A Conscientious Judge . —Judge R . M , Shearn , of North Carolina , has resigned his office . In doing so he says— " During the : time I have been in office , 1 have had seven fights , a great number of quarrelshave been indicted twice—and I conceive the greatest act of justice which I can do the public and myself , is to resign my said office of justice ofthe peace . "American paper .
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T HE BEST APERIENT AND ANTIBILIOUS MEDICINE for general use is Fhampton ' s Pili , of Health , which effectually relieves the stomach and howels oy gentle relaxation , without griping ov prostration of strength . They remove head-ache , sickness , dizziness , pains in the chest , & c , are highly grateful to the stomach , promote digestion , create " appetite , relieve languor and depression of spirits ; while to those of a full habit , and free livers , who are continually suffering from drowsiness , heaviness , and singing in the head and ears , they offer advantages that will not fail to he appreciated . This medicine has for many years received the approval of the most respectable classes of society , and in conmation ofits efficacy , the following letter has heen kindly forwarded to Mr . Front , with permission to publish it , and , if requisite , to refer any respectable person to its author : — " To Mr . Prout , 229 , Strand , London . " Heavitvee , Exeter . April 24 , 1844 .
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Lo.Vdo.Y ©Oks Exoitasob, Mootitfauy' ] 9...
Lo . vdo . y © oks ExoitASOB , MoOTitfAUy' ] 9 , —Tie arrivals ' of wheat coastwise tfere liberal » dtiring thfe past week , and fair supplier of Englisfrffoui ' -and malt came to handout of . barley ^ beans , peaS ^ nd oats the receipts from our ownicoast and Scotland were smalli Of the lastnamed . article a fa \ r »( iiairtity arrived iroiil Ireland , in additien to nearly 20 , 000 qrafwmi abroad ; The supplies of foreign wheat , barley ; ¦ ¦ arid' beans 1 were also rather large , - At this morning ' s market there was only a moderate sho * ofiwheat by Iand-earriagifl samples from the home ; counties , scarcely av , y baney of home growth , and but-few . beans or i peas , but of oats there was on "the whole a gpod'iispliij . 'IW weatlier continues ; cold and ungenial , andcomiiiitint »' of injury done to thowheat plant by-the- wiruwurnr
arc on the increasok . . The trade for ; . wheat was nevertheless slow . itdJay , and it was ¦ impoftsible'td ' establish tiie slightest ! advance on the rates current on this day so ' nnightj ' at former prices , however , ' rather more disposition to ; purchase was mahitisCed ; and a fair clearance ; wis-effected ; The' recently received Baltic cargoes were : offering at previous terms , and a moderate extent of business was done in the finer sorts from Rostock at fife , to 52 s . per qr . duty paid . In bond nothing ofninterest occurred ;' The little English barley exhibited ! was held pretty firmly , but foreign was easily-bought at the lately reduced rates , in prices of malt there is no chancre
to report , but the article hung heavily ; on hand ;' Notwithstanding the somewhat abundant arrival of oats during the past week , factors were by , no imealis anxious sellers this morning , and haying airenewed country demand ,- the . currency of Moiidaywas well supported . Beans were in goud request ; and moved off readily at previous terms . Peas wero also saleable at fully the prices of this day sc ' nnight . ' . ' There / was more canaryseed offering than cbuM be disposed of , ' still lower rates were not accepted , In cloverseeu little or nothing was done . Linseed and rapeseed fullv as dear as last week . Tares but little inquired for . '
CURHENT PRICES OF GRAIN , PER IMPERIAL QUARTER . —Britu-fl . 8 s s s Wheat , Essex , & Kent , new & old red 42 48 White 48 54 Norfolk and Lincoln . ... do 43 47 Ditto 46 50 " Northum . and Scotch white 42 47 Fine < 8 62 Irish red old 0 0 Red 42 44 White 46 4 S Rye Old SO 31 New 28 30 Brank 33 85 Barley Grinding .. 24 26 Distil . 27 29 Malt . 30 32 Malt Brown .... 52 54 Pale fifl 59 Ware 60 62 Beans T ' eksoHi & new 34 36 Harrow 35 38 Pigeon 40 48 Peas Grey 85 SG MapJo 37 38 ^\ 'Mte 38 39 Oats Lincolns ii Yorkshire Feed 21 23 Poland 24 25 Scotch Angus 22 24 Potato 25 28 Irish White 20 23 Black 20 21 Per 2 S 0 lb . net , s s | Per 280 lb . net , s s Town-made Flour ... 42 44 | Norfolk & Stockton 32 88 Essex and Kent . ... 34 35 I Irish 34 35
Free . Bond-Foreign . s s s s Wheat , Bantsic , Konigshuvg , & c 52 56 36 38 Marks , Mecklenburg 48 61 32 34 Banish , Holstein , and Frieslandred 42 45 20 28 Russian , Hard 44 46 Soft ... 44 46 26 28 -Italian , Red . . 46 48 White ... 50 62 28 32 Spanish , Hard . 45 46 Soft ... . 48 50 28 82 Rye , Baltic , Dried , ... 28 30 Undried . . 28 30 18 21 Bailey , Grinding . 28 26 . Malting . . 28 31 18 24 Beans ; Ticks . . 34 35 Egyptian . 34 35 26 30 Peas , White . . 36 38 Mayte . . 36 37 28 3 » Oats , Dutch , Brew and Thick 24 26 19 21 — Uussianfeed , 21 22 15 18 — -Banish , Friesland feed 21 23 15 17 flour , per barrel .... . 24 25 19 20
London Smithfield Cattie Mahket , Moiour ^ Mav 19 . —During the past week theimports of foreign stock for our market have consisted . of 87 oxen and cows , together with 151 sheep , all from Rotterdam ^ by the Ocean , Batavier , and Columbine steamers . At the outports , about 100 oxen and cows have been received . As to the quality ofthe beasts , we may observe that it has proved tolerably good , but that of the sheep has been miserably dificient . To-day , we had on offer dO foreign beasts , and 20 sheep , the whole of wliicli were disposed of at fair quotations . ' The late advance in the value of mutton here , as well as in most other parts of England , has , at length ; had some influence upon that of beef , sine i , although the bullock supplies on offer this morning were modorataly extensive as to number ( yet it must be observed the condition of the animals was by no means first-rate ) , the beef trade was active , atan advance in the quotations obtained on Monday last of from 2 d to 4 d per 8 lb—tlie primest Scots and home breds readily
producing 4 s Cd per Sib—and at which a clearance was speedily effected . Froin Norfolk , S nftbllc , Essex , and Cambridgeshire , we received 1 . 500 Scots , homebreds , and shorthorns , while the droves irom the northern grazing districts comprised 250 shorthorns , ( fee ; from tlie western and midland counties , 200 Ilerefords , Devons , runts , & c . ; from other parts ot England , 200 of various breeds ; and from Scotland , 35 horned and polled Scots . Although the numbers of sheep were on the increase , the primest old downs moved off steadily at from 4 s K'd to 5 s per 8 lb , but all other breeds were a slow inquiry , aud previous rates were not supported in every instance . From the Isle oi' \ Yigttt 2-i 0 lambscaTi'e fresh to hind ; while the receipts from other quarters wove tolerably good . Prime qualities sold freely at extreme rates ; but great difficulty was experienced in effecting sales of other kinds . In calves a fair amour iof business was doing , at Friday ' s improved ouitci . -ies . The pork trade was rather dull , yet prev & us rates were supported .
Bj the quantities of 81 b ., sinfcinjj the oiial . s . c " . s . A luferiov coayseoeasts . . . 3 0 3 4 Second quality . . ... 3 Ii 3 10 Prime large oxen . . . . 4042 Prime Scots , & c . .... 4 4 4 6 Coarse inferior sheep ... 3640 Second quality .... 4 2 4 4 Prime coarse woolled ... 4 G 4 8 Prime Southdown . . . 4 0 5 0 Lambs 4 10 6 0 Large coarse calves .... 4046 Prime small 4 8 0 0 Suckling calves , each . . . 18 0 30 0 large hogs .... . 3 0 3 C ¦ J * eat small porkers , , , 3 8 4 0 Quarter-old store nigs , each . . 16 0 20 0
BEAU OF CATTLE ON SA 1 E , ( Prom the Books ofthe Clerk ofthe Market . ) Beasts , 2 , 496-Sheep and Lambs , 26 , 550—Calves , 89—Pigs , 332 . Richmond Corn Mabket , Satubdat , Mat 17 , — We only had a thin snuply of Grain incur markst to-day . Wheat sold from Ss . 6 d . to 6 s . 6 d . ; oate 2 s . 5 d . to 3 s . ; barley 3 s . Cd . to 3 s . 9 d . ; beans 4 s . to 4 s . 6 d . per bushel . Liverpool Cork Market , -Monday , May 19 . — The import list shows a moderate arrival of Irish oats , but of other articles of the trade , either from our own coast or from Ireland , the supplies are very limited . From abroad we have had a- tew more car goes of wheat and barley from the Baltic , The duty on Peas has declined le .-per . quarter , which is the only alteration in the scale on foreign produce this week . The weather for some days past has been
cold and ungenial , which , coupled with unfavourable reports of tho wheat crop received from some of the agricultural counties , have together imparted more confidence to our trade . A fair amount of business has been done in wheat during the week ; two or three parcels of . Irish have changed hands with a view to hold over , and our millers and dealers also have bought to a fair extent , paying an advance of Id . to 2 d . per bushel ; the best Irish red has been sold at 6 s . 8 d . to 6 s . 9 d ., and good samples of Limerick at 6 s . 3 d . to 6 s . Sd . per ToTus . Old Foreign has been held for Ml rates , a & d iKme of th & recently imported Baltic has been pressed on the market / Sack flour has been in request , and an advance obtained of 6 d , to Is . per sack on the late low rates . Choice oats and meal are scarce , and the extremities . of last Tuesday have been maintained . Barley , beans , and peas are without alteration in value from the . previous week . ,
Liverpool Cattle Market , Monday , May 19 . — Wc have had a small supply of stock at market today , with a numerous . attendance of customers . Beef , 6 d . to 6 Jd . ; mutton , 7 d . to ftd . rlamb , 7 * 1 to Sd . per lb . Cattle imported into Liverpool , from the 12 th to the 19 th of April :-Cows . 815 ; calves , 2 ; sheep , 4340 ; lambs , 1487 ; pigs , 8029-horses , 88 . Manchester Corn Market , Saturday ; May 17 . Notwithstanding the interruption to business usually caused by the Whitsuntide holidays , rather a better demand for flour has been experienced ; during the week , doubtless owing , in a great . measure , to the continuance of ungenial weather , "together with the warehoused stocks having become somewhat reduced ;
and sales to a fair extent have been cltcctedat fully tne rates previously obtainable . Only a moderate inquiry existed for oats and oatmeal , in the value , of which no change was apparent . At euromarket this morning a healthier feeling was perceptible in the wheat trade than for some time . past ; and holders firmly demanded an advance of Id ; to 2 d . ' . per 7 ulbs . Flour moved , off steadily , and fully , supported its late value , but no improvement could beirealised . . ^ . With a fair consumptive demand for both oats and oatmeal the previous currency was maintained . Beans were in moderate request , and no change in prices can be noted .
York Corn Market , May 17 . —The supply of all sorts of grain is smaller than last week . The millers are buyers of fresh threshed wheat at full prices , other sorts dull sale . Oats and barley the same price as last week ; beans no demand . Leeds Corn Market , Tuesday , May 20 . —Wc have fair arrivals this week / but the show of fresh wheat for this , day ' s market is . rather Jimited , than otherwise . There is no . ma { erial . chaivgeui , the y ^ lue of wheat , and , the demand ,, for- ' fijhe . fresh quaji ^ is good atlaat weeWs prices ,. ibut in ohaniheired ^ esciiiptions we have very little doing ; ^ Barl ey 'iBslotv . sale to-day , and low prices ' ' are'taken ; tbew'be 4 ng ; 'part foreign on the market . Oats' and beans ; very'firm at last week ' s rates . ¦ : . '"¦; . '" \ ZV ., ^' - \
Malton Cobn . Market ,: May 17 \—W & n % e ' a Moderate supply of all kkds of . graini c & rln'I'fo'Sds day's market . . Wheat arid fariey . same ' as ' last week ; oats a shade lowir . —Wheat , red , 44 s ' . i 6 48 s . ; white ditto , 48 s . to 52 s . per qr . of 40 st . j barley , 27 s . to 30 s . p « r 32 st . ; oats , lid . to Hid . per stone .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), May 24, 1845, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_24051845/page/7/
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