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HTJEILin ! HURRAH!.' HURRAH\\\ UNION BETWEEN ENGLAND AND IRELAND .
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The Ex-Railway Kiko.—Mr. Hudson has "-.s...
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TO THE ENGLISH PEOPLE, Mr dear Fbiesds ,...
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AGGREGATE MEETING OF THE ^^^Arn^ ,r^^„. ...
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POLITICAL ECONOMY. " Uniform and increas...
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• COURT OF QUEEN'S BENCH.—Fmcvv. (From o...
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In reI'ly to a letter of inquiry by the ...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
Htjeilin ! Hurrah!.' Hurrah\\\ Union Between England And Ireland .
HTJEILin ! HURRAH ! . ' HURRAH \\\ UNION BETWEEN ENGLAND AND IRELAND .
The Ex-Railway Kiko.—Mr. Hudson Has "-.S...
The Ex-Railway Kiko . —Mr . Hudson has " -. sold his Londesborough Estate , his Octon . Grangers fete , bought for £ 70 , 300 , and his Buttont Cransrtick Estate , comprising altogether about lim **** land , in the East Riding of Yorkshire , to Loid Albert Denison , late Conyngham , the heir or executor of the late Mr . Denison . He stains now only his Baldersley Estate , which cost about £ 125 , 060 , on which he has expended some £ 20 MV , and Kewby Park , which cost £ 20 , 000 . He . has made a small profit on the estates sold , and wants about £ 200 , 000 for the two left . Some will be glad to bear this , as they will expect Mr . Hudson to act him
liberalK and repay some of the sufferers by a part of their losses . —ffcrapatii i Railway Journal . Pos t-office Accounts of Great Britain ahd the TJsiied States . —The Post-office authorities are now engaged in negotiating with the American fforerameSt an arrangement for better regulataig fhe accounts upon the international corresponoWce between this country and the United States , lne suSons which have emanated from tta autho-Sm here are directed to obviate the present tedfou " and inconvenient system of makmg up and Sthe American correspondence afLiverpool . ilsfeofi ^ K ^ tSffiss . as'aSP
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l JlND NATIONAL TRAffKS' JOURNAL . * i 8
To The English People, Mr Dear Fbiesds ,...
TO THE ENGLISH PEOPLE , Mr dear Fbiesds , Yon , who adopted me when I was exiled from my native land , will be more than re-Ifames , or m the zemth of my ponnlaritv was I received by the English SSfj 0 f
t S'IST 5 * i ltllnsiast « reoeptkmta I Tnctwitn on Toesday ni ght from my brave and generous ^ tryrnen . It so overpowered me that I cojd scarcel y speak ; and it so inspaed me with , hope that I found it difficult to restrain my feelings . However , as the one thing ever uppermost in my mind is the regeneration of your Order , and as the one thine necessary for the attainment of that object is a sincere and thorough union of your order , I curbed my excitement , and explained the cordial sympath y which existed between the -working classes of both countries . ;
Apart from the continuous persecutionthatl had experienced for fifteen years from the Irish agitators of fheoid school—without the means ofdefenduigmyself , through the Press orother-• wise—1 had to meet the antagonism and deannciation of the leaders of the new party , -which you wffl find developed in the following article , extracted from the " Nation" of Saturday last , and to which I had neither time nor opportunity to repl y : — .
THREATENED INTERRUPTION . We have learned with extreme astonishment and regret that some flbadvised or ill-disposed persons threaten an interruption of the Aggregate Meeting on Tuesday next . Daring the past week the Conference heard for the first time that Mr . Feargns O'Connor , without ^ my invitation from them , haaarranged with one of his friends here , to come over to Ireland and interpose in the affairs of this meeting .
Few public bodies have rested under a graver responsibility than lies upon this Conference . The movement they originated has received the support of the country to an unprecedented extent , the measures they contemplate are urgently necessary to the very existence of the people , and nobody is ignorant how jealous and sensitive are the prejudices against which they " must guard to do the work they have undertaken . It was their clear and primary duty to take care that the strength which ¦ the new movement had gathered should not he dissipated by any blunder or indiscretion at the Aggregate Meeting . Hence this news was heard with
unmitigated regret . For it need not he said that there is 3 wide prejudice among the requisitioniats throughout the kingdom against Mr . Feargus O'Connor ; some few perhaps on account of his . opinions , bat the Vast majority on quite other grounds . The practice of the Chartists of Mr . O ? Connor ' s school to interrupt anti-corn law meetings in England and force their own opinions upon "them by clamour , was not a very promising antecedent to this move ; and the Conference accordingly did what had now become their clear duty , but did it in the least offensive way . They sent a letter to Mr . O'Connor , informing Him that for grave and
-sufficient reasons affecting the cause which he expressed himself anxious to serve , it was their unanimous desire that he should not persist in the course he had meditated . "We publish the letter in another page . There has not been time for an answer , hut we are assured that a little knot of his friends persist in the intention of forcing him upon the meeting at all hazards ; and threaten to interrupt the proceedings for this purpose . This is an outrage which will rebound upon its authors , at the moment , and for ever after . - They
tried it upon Cohden and Bri ght and behold the result . Other parties tried it upon the Confederates and the result too is memorable . But if at this terrible crisis , whenmen have beenslowly and painfully awakened from their apathy to make one more effort for life , their hopes shall be marred even for a moment , to give a petty personal distinction to an individual , woe to the actors in such a scene —their names . shall be infamous in Ireland . To ¦ prompt and signal failure on the spot they will add -disgrace that shall not die .
But Mr . O'Connor may be coming as a friend and ally I Friends , we apprehend , wait for an invitation ; allies do not rush into your presence , bludgeon in hand , threatening to knock yon down if ihey cannot have their own way . If an Irish demagogue , with a band from St . * Giles at his heels , rushed into a meeting of the Financial and Parliamentary Reformers in London , Sir Joshua "Waluaaley would be apt to give such a „ "ftieud '' to the custody of the police .
"We dislike dealing with personal character or -personal motives ; and we are seriously anxious to avoid unnecessary irritation in this business ; because the new Organisation , so far from provoking enemies anywhere , is anxious to make friends on all hands ; and of all sections of the English democracy among the rest . But alliances and friendships must be spontaneous and voluntary ; the affection or confidence of apeople cannot be carried by rape .
Now , so far from having any , the slig htest , . disposition to require more satisfaction for the above introduction apon my return to my native land , than my honest countrymen awarded me in their hearty and enthusiastic cheers , I l > ury it for ever in oblivion , presuming that Mr . Duffy ; , who is a young man , naturally -fcased his objection to my presence npon long pr ejudices created b y others ; and , had I taken part for the purpose of disturbing or interrupting that union and harmony of the Irish mind Avbich is indispensable for the regeneration of Ireland , I should have been justly looked-njm as a fiend and a traitor—nay , I should have considered myself as one .
I attended the Conference on Monday night , lut , as I pledged myself in the letter which j ou will see at foot , to take no part , I remained silent ; while my heart and the heart of our young friend Thomas Clakk , who accompanied me , jumped with joy when itwas proposed by Patrick . O'Higgijjs , seconded and carried , that a FULL , FEEE , AND
FAIR REPRESENTATION OF THE WHOLE PEOPLE IX THE COMMONS HOUSE OF PARLIAMENT should he adopted as one of the princip les of the National Alliance—a resolution which , you are aware , embodies every principle of the People ' s The Gentlemen who attended the Conference naturall y looked npon me with suspicion , in consequence of the article published m _ the " Xation : " all of them were on the platform at the great and g lorious aggregate meeting on the following night , and everyone of whose m-eiudices I destroyed and dissipated by my
fpeecn—all shaking me most heartily Dy Dom hands , rejsicing in my presence , and welcomifl o- me as their countryman . Englishmen ! I now seeLiberty foreshadowsd in the distance , based npon a union toeen -the working classes of Eng land and Ireland , which no trickster shall impede , no tyrant shall destroy . . Oh ! what a glorious thing is a pare conscience and an unassailable character . Just ihink of a man exiled from his country , dethreatened to
nounced for fifteen years , and be ducked in the LUTey if he visited his native land , standing upon the platform , living down prejudice , st ^ dmg forward in defiance of all opposition , and receiving the unanimous acnuittal of his countrymen . . ¦ ? , Englishmen , a union ha * been cemented , which vanity or ambition uponi my part , slavish trickery uponttie part of those * Would selltheir country for « J « « g * tao-e , or antagonism between Celt and Saxon ,
a ^ gebn for months , and to «™ « J years , hecause he stood by . ^ lreland vrhen Xt Waa Treason toloreVa , \ . ?•*> , * And death to defend . „ _ Bead that , and iheri youwul lear ^^ whefter I " ^/ invi te d bv an " evil disposed person , S ? SlKSSSapfc " . or . whether I was m-S nd o ^ fue sounded purest , and S ^^ JES :
To The English People, Mr Dear Fbiesds ,...
sswss ?*** - * '¦ National Conference Committee Rooms , Northumberland Buildins'S , Dublin , « « ; ,. Ti "November 14 tb , 1819 . ofTizliZ . r 7 commimi ™ ted to the Conference fhiy ^ 'f 5 aPP ° ln ted to make preparations for rwlfP ** - 111061 ' ^ DuWin on the 20 th inst . , th » iJf r rlntentlon t 0 attend and take part in £ 5 f ^" S - As their chairman , Ihavebeen mstructed to communicate to you the desire of the Conference that yon should not do so . Nothing personaUy offensive to you is intended by this request ; out It was the unanimous opinion of the "Conference thatyour presence , if aunvoved of U them , would ? h \ rm a ° . % meetingoftheyationalCnnfWOnn
seriously damage the new Organisation with many persons in Ireland whose adhesion is essential to its success , and retard or destroy the objects which your letter to the secretaries expresses so much solicitude to forward . I may say for myself , that my political opinions differ little , if at all , from the principles of the Charter , and that I hare no personal prejudice against Mr . O'Connor ; yet for the . weighty reasons , I entirely concur in the decision of the Conference in this matter . ' "I have the honour to he , sir , " Your faithful servant , *• John Mabtin . T . C ., Chairman . " Feargus O'Connor , Esq ., 1 LP .
• " '"Tfotting-Hill terrace , Nottnig-hill , London , November , 16 ; 1849 . - "Sir , —In reply to yours of the 14 th , I beg to assure you that nothing could be further from my thoughts than offering any , the slightest , impediment to the national movement for the regeneration of Ireland , and therefore you may rest assured that although it is my intention to attend the Conference , it is not my intention to take any part whatever in its proceedings . " 2 fo ; I feel the interest of this movement too deeply at heart to allow any act of mine to impede or retard its progress , while I think both you , the committee , and the members must admit , that I have
as great a right to take part in Irish politics as any living man : while I would blush if the indiscreet exercise of that right had impeded the progress of the only movement from which I ever anticipated any benefit to result to my country . *< My principal object in being present is 1 ft he able , upon my return to England , to announce the fact that at length it has been discovered that the cause of the working Celt and the working Saxon must be fought by the workers of both countries ; and however you may rely upon the power of your Irish staff to achieve your object , you may rest assured that the English people will hot lag behind in the march of progress .
" 2 Jow , believe what I tell you , after seventeen years * experience—it is , that without the co-opcration of the English people , the Irish people can do nothing—with it , they can do everything . " It is upon the vile antagonism created between the people of both countries that both "Whigs and Tories have been enabled to hold Ireland in the yoke of bondage . ' * Thanking you for your communication , "Iremain , faithfully yours , " FeabgusO'Coxsob . " To John Martin , Esq ., T . C ., National Conference Committee Booms , Dublin .
FEARGUS O'COXXOB , ESQ ., M . P ., A 5 D THE NATIONAL CONFERENCE . TO THE EDITOR OF TUG FREEMAN , " Sin , —Having seen a letter in this day ' s Freemas , signed ' John Martin , T . C ., Chairman of the National Conference , " addressed to Feargus O'Connor , Esq ., and also an article in this day ' s Ration , in which it is stated ' that some ill advised or ill-disposed persons threaten an interruption to the aggregate meeting on Tuesday next , " and in another part of the same article it states ' that Mr . O'Connor may be coming as a friend . Friends , we apprehend , wait for an invitation ; allies do not rush into your presence , bludgeon in hand , threatening to knock you down if they cannot have their own way . '
" 2 fow , to this wanton , indiscreet , ill judged , and , I regret to be forced to add , truculent attack , I respectfully request public attention to the following simple statement of facts which cannot be contradicted : — - V-v . - - *~ - . - ¦ ., — .-.,.-... * , " 1 . I received a note of invitation to attend a meeting at the Nation office , which meeting was , it was stated , to he limited to thirty . " 2 . I was elected on a committee of nine to consider and report what was the best to he done for the regeneration of our fallen country . " 3 . A new committee was elected by ballot at a subsequent meeting . I was again elected on this committee , and still remain a member of it . " 4 . It was unanimously agreed upon that an a » erej * ate meeting should be called . A printed
requisition , setting forth the object of the aggregate meeting , was distributed amongst the members of the conference in order to obtain signatures . I , like others , and in the usual , manner upon such occasions , got mine signed by several respectable citizens ; I shall not now state the reasons several assigned for refusing to sign the requisition . I wrote to the country for the signatures of my friends ; from one town I got seventy-nine names . I wrote to Mr . 0 ' Connor for liberty to affix Ms name to the requisition , and at the same time requesting him to come to the meeting , stating—what I then believed that it was to be , a truly national one—and that I had reason to think a resolution to co-operate heartily with the English Radical and Financial
Reformers , would be proposed . Mr . 0 Connor assented . I received that assent on the 7 th inst ., and handed it to Mr . John Martin . T . C ., on the same day . The requisition , with Mr . O'Connors name and an extract from his letter , were forwarded to be published in the Freeman ' s Journal , by the secretaries . I heard no objection to Mr . O'Connor till Wednesday , the 14 th inst ., and that objection was from but one individual , the writer of this articlein the Nation , who , it appears , is in a fair way to place himself in an unenviable position , — " 5 . Can anything be more ludicrously absurd than the article in the Nation , wherein it is asserted
that Feargus O'Connor is going' to obtrude himself on the aggregate meeting uninvited , while in the very same paper his name is second to the requisition convening tJic meeting ! This is the first time that a requisltionst was considere d an intruder however , the longer we live the more we learn . "Ishall now conclude by referring to tho subjoined letter from Mr . O'Connor to Mr . John Mar tin , which I hope will have the salutary effect of teaching gentlemen the folly of jump ing at conclusions , lam , Sir , _ " With great respect , your obedient servant , "Patrick O'Hreenfs .
" 15 , North Anne-slrcet , 17 th Nov ., 1849 . « p . S . —I hope and trust that my fellow-cituens do not consider me an 'ill-disposed person . ' "P . O H . Row mr friends , I have not time to write more , ' nor is it necessary , further than to assure you that no power on earth shall dissolve this veritable union between the working classes of Eng land and Ireland , and upon whose disunion alone the tyrants and oppressors of both countries have ever based their ppwer .
Yon mil find in the " Star" a Ml report of the proceedings , cop ied from the " Freeman s Journal" of Wednesday morning . Your faithful and uncompromising Friend , Feargus O'Connor . ; , ;
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Aggregate Meeting Of The ^^^Arn^ ,R^^„. ...
AGGREGATE MEETING OF THE ^^^ Arn ^ , r ^^„ . »„ ,
IRISH NATIONALISTS . The aggregate meeting of Irish Nationalists , convened by requisition , . was " held ' in the Music IlaLl , Lower Abbey-street , on Tuesday night . Adt mission was b y ticckefc , and the attendance was very numerous . The building was densely crowded m every part ; the reserved seats were well filled , and a large number of ladies occupied seats in the boxes and galleries . Before the hour named for opening the door they were surrounded by large crowds eagerly anxious to obtata admittance j and when they were at length thrown open , the rush was tremendous , and every available spot was spceaily taken possession of . The proceedings were marked by much enthusiasm , and the gentlemen principally concerned in originating the meeting were received with loud cheering and other
ma nifestatons of applause . Amongst those on and about the platform were John Martin , T . C ., Arthur Bariow . ' T . C , John Ilogan Burke , solicitor , Rev . Mr . Fay , CO ., Rev . T . 0 'Ma . Uoy , Dr ; Carolan , T . C ., James Nugent , P . L . G ., A . R . Stritch , barrister , Rev .. J . F . Ennis , Feargus 0 Connor , Esq ., M . P ., C . Taaffe , barrister , M . R . Leyne , John Lloyd , Fitzgerald , barrister , Richard Grattan , M . D .. J . P ., T . Fitzgerald Strange , solicitor , ( Waterford , ) Charles Gavan Duff y , John . Cashel Hoey , John Magrath ^ licitoE , Georgo Washing ton Vance , E . Butler , M . Tobyn , T . C ., M .. . Burke , C . S . Ralph , James Doyle , E . Evans ,,. Patrick O'Hi ggins , & c . The chair was taken at seven : o ' clock , by Dr . Grattan , J . P . '
Mr . SiBtTcn , one of the secretaries , read the requisition convening the meeting , and stated that it had received the signatures of eighty dignitaries of the Roman Catholic Church , of 110 Roman Catholic curates , of twenty-two of the regular clergy of the same church , of 120 magistrates , landed proprietors , corporators , and poor-law guardians , of 200 members of the learned profession of 700 land holders and farmers , and of 900 merchants , traders , and artificers . ( Cheers . ) The CirAiRjfAff , who was received with loud cheers , said , it might not have been too much to expect that some of the Irish peers or representatives would be present . { Hear , hear . ) It would not have been unreasonable to think that the landed
proprietors should be there to identify themselves with a proceeding that was intended to confer benefit upon Ireland , to give the aid of their advice and counsel for its welfare , and to act with one mind for the good of their common country . ( Rear , and , oheers . ) Seeing the absence of such , betook the " chair with some disappointment . He feared they had little to expect from the peers or landlords ; but they should not on that account ' aespair of the fortunes of their country . ( Hoar , hear , and cheers . ) If those classes did not come forward to aid their country , others would not be wanting to do it ; in the absence of the peers and landlords , they should fall back upon the people . ( Hear , hear , and cheers . ) They could rely with certaintv
upon the Catholic clergy , who emanated from the people , and sympathised and defended them to the utmost of their power on all occasions . ( Cheers . ) The success of that movement greatly depended upon the conduct of those who attended the meeting—much depended upon the feeling of unanimity that he hoped would mark their proceedings . ( Hear , hear . ) That association had no connexion with any other body—it was breaking new ground altogether — it was endeavouring to revivify the almost lifeless corpse of the country . The chairman concluded by expressing a hope that the proceedings of the meeting would he conducted with order and decorum , that no offence would be given to any person , and that the resolutions would
receive a cool and calm consideration . ( Cheers . ) Mr . MAGRiin moved the first resolution to the following effect : — "That legislative independence is the clear , eternal , and inalienable right of this country , and that no settlement of the affairs of Ireland can be permanent until that right is recognised and established . " The speaker then proceeded to say that native legislation was the right of a nation . . There were many impediments standing in their way ; but this Irish alliance were detei '' mined to persevere until they removed every impediment that stood in the way of national independencer . ( Cheers . ) ¦ Their worthy and respected chairman'hau ^ commended thatf " nothih'f persoiftl should take place in the mectine . He obevod that
admonition with respect , and he there tendered the hand of fellowship to every man who united with his fellow Irishmen to advance the rights of his native country . ( Cheers . ) He should not enter into the various topics suggested by the resolution ; but he would merely say that it was to the poor and labouring classes , and to their interest and their advancement , that this association would mainly look . The rich knew how to look after themselves ; the poor had no one to look after them , ( Hear . ) There was sufficient land and sufficient labour in the country , but what was wanted was legislation in the country —( hear , hear)—beneficial legislation to direct the industry , the enterprise , and the energy of the country in a proper channel .
( Hear , hear . ) When he recollected the men who went into parliament as the assumed representatives of the people , and when he saw those men driving their carriages along the streets and neglecting the duties they owed to the people , lie felt a loathesomeness and disgust at the conduct that had been hitherto pursued in the representative system of this country . ( Hear , hear . ) But here were men now assembled on that platform who pledged themselves that they would never accept place , or pension , or power until such time as the rights and liberties ef Ireland wore fully recognised and conceded . ( Hear , hear , and cheers . ) For his part he would willingly rather sit down and mecadamise the streets for the maintenance of himself and his
family than accept the highest place the government could offer him at the expense of the interest of his country . He begged in conclusion to propose tho resolution he had read . Three cheers were then called for , and given for Mitchel ; and three for Meagher . Mu . Letse then presented himself , and was received with loud , cordial , and enthusiastic cheering , and having read the resolution which he was about to second , said—The famine has not done it—failure in a brave enterprise has not done it—the martyrdom of noblest victims has not done it ( great bheering)—the gorged vengeance of the law has not done it— the blandishments of power have not done it—the pageantry of imperial state has done it—calamity , and terror , and discomfiture , have
alike been impotent to subdue the heart of Ireland—crush her aspirations for freedom . ( Loud cheers . ) Let this great aassembly , which represents so much of the mind and worth of the country—give to the world triumphant refutation to the gigantic falsehood that Ireland has lost faith in her own redemption . ( Loud cheers . ) And let it g ive heart and hope to her people , that in their present hideous degradation and brutalising enslavement , men hitherto dissociated have abjured , as accursed and sins , their fratricidal cruelties , and will make this night a combined and prophetic pronouncement , that their old land shall achieve a destiny more worthy of her genius , her physical capabilities , and her ancient renown j than the
ruinous provincialism that has rendered her the shame of humanityj the craving mendicant of the nations . ( Loud cheers . ) Sir , I recognise as a great truth what has been written by one whose restoration to the service of Ireland I regard as the salvation of her cause . That now , if ever , it behoves the tribunitial voice of Ireland to have a conscience in it . I hold this to be an inviolable precept , and its obligation I must discharge . ( Loud cheering . ) If I thought thai-man '' Irish assembly , it were a disqualification " . in consideration and confidence to avow a participation in a brave endeavour to redeem oar country—if I found that to enable me to address you , it needed one word of retraction of former avowals , or an apology for one single act
in which in connexion with my illustrious friends 1 may have , been engaged , —( cheers , )—never , never , though Ireland ' s * triumph depended on the ignoble apostac / , " would I condescend to solicit a public hearing . ( Great cheering . ) If it be criminality to have dared the last issue for Ireland , and that you so decree , I glory in the guilt . ( Cheers . ) If it be infamy to have welcomed death , that our country might live in independence and glory , and that von so decree ., 1 am a proud villain . . ( Loud cheers . ) If ij > oe an enormity to have imagined for Irela-addnera of freedom and power , and that to
vou so decree , I accept the obloquy . If have Ed hi the ' " divine delirium "that sought vengeance on oppressors , and snatched with an holy fmpetuosity the chastising sw ^ d of the Omnipotent , be a horror and a saerde ^ iere stands a defiant and exultant reptpbate . ( Vehement eheerin « r . ) I thank you for this justice—I-thank you for this acceptance of our services , and Lpronuse that though we cannot pretend to plead our country ' s rights with the . genius of the eloquence that signalised our recent history , we shall proudly imitate the devotion and the ardour that have had their calamitous attestation in the dungeon and the hulk . Prostrate as the land now is , weakened by direst
Aggregate Meeting Of The ^^^Arn^ ,R^^„. ...
want—bereft of her strength by plague and emigra tmn-irresoiute because of senseless divisiontunui , cowenn s , and almost exaniraate-to speak m this assembl y in language of violence monance , ana invite the country to rally in embattled army forthe conquest of her liberties , would be braggart buffoonery to which I shall not descend . ( Hear , near . ; -vviu you aid me in crushing a fiendish conspiracy that has aimed for months to blacken the character of the men now in penal exile ? ( Cheers . ) 1 Have traced these dishonouring accusations to a source so vile , and to motives so despicable , that I scorne to particularise the ori gin and the object . And surely this is a legitimate appeal ; for if wo he the executors of the civil testament of our mart .. _ . ,, .
yrs -the mission to redeem Ireland-they have , too , bequeathed to us a sacred tvust-their honour and their reputation . Yes , you are the guardians of their lame . Is there one man toimpeach their exalted rectitude of purpose ? Is there one man here . bold enough to indite them before their country as recreants to her . cause , as agents of her oppressor ? Is there here one accuser to maintain that . their sublime constancy was- / a rehearsed mockery ? Is there one false witness to , ' allege that the intrepidity with which they accepted , as a glorious destiny , deathfor Ireland . -was a stupendous and-appalling hypocrisy ? Judas , I aay , come forth . ' ( Treu ^ wJouiJ chews . ) . cOh ,. my friends , ; I proudly wsM 'tfc & fifiw hatffl 6 : JSn ^
we . njw-no ueorgey in the , neld or- the camp . ( Loud cheers . ) Sir , I could not forget what I owe to friendship and recent attachment . I could not forget those who claimed a vindication from my lips which I had- promised to them when we were hunted outlaws on the Tipperary hills . ( Vehement cheers . ) I could not forget my beloved and worshipped friend , Thomas Meagher—the glory of the youth of Ireland . I could not forget him who flung with a heroic abandonment the life of a young heart , brilliant genius , and a princely inheritance into the people s cause—I could not forget him whose great hopes I had shared , and in many of whose greatvicissitudes I had participated . I could not forget him whose wondrous voice seemed that
" larger utterance , " in which some God twined tribune might speak his great revelations and issue his sublime ordinances , or seemed a tongue divine in which the angels of the stars mi ght syllable their canticles : and thus , Sir , though the fulfilment of this duty necessitated my retirement from public life , 1 have dared to bear my testimony to my worshipped friend and the partners of his " fate . ( Great cheering . ) These are our losses and our bereavements , and now for the "Living Land . " Our country yet remains , with beauty to enchant ; with sorrows to endear ; with wrongs to exasperate us . "What tongue shall tell her misery ? Tho fearful cry of her affliction has penetrated to the world ' s end . It has drowned tho hoarse' shoutings' of the
tempest . It has been , heard above the thunderous clamour of tho seas . Its tones of vehement agony have blenched the cheeks of the dwellers in remotest regions . Men have started as if they listened to the death shriek of the vwvtoetse . In the cabinets of princes—in the marts of commerce-in the streets of foreign capitals , her poverty and desolation have been themes of compassion , and have drawn forth the bounty of the Christian , and the surpassing generosity of the unbeliever . "God bless the Turk . " ( Tremeadous cheers . ) The savage in his uncontrolled domain has heard the echoes of that despairful lamentation , human though unknown , and , for the first time , his wild bosom has felt the ignoble sentiment of fear . Wherever the tragic
narrative of her woes have passed , the heart of kindred humanity has shuddered ; panic-striken , and appalled . Here famine , and pestilence , and law—a trinity of demons—have starved , slain , and scourged our people . They have desolated countless homes . They have quenched the fires of a thousand hearts . They have driven forth countless children of the soil as ravening maniacs , or imprisoned them in their hells of poorhpuses . Sir , I say that the mi-government of this country , that the systematised oppression under which this island groans , are a perpetual incitement to insurrection —( hear , hear , and loud cheers)—and I say the responsibility of such a redress would not be with those who suffer , but on those who ruled cruell y and savagely . ( Loud cheers ) .
Why , Sir , r . o revolution , no matter what the anarchy that it produced , could have wrought a more terrific disruption of society than injustice and fostered & ;& Me , accqro »^ tr ^ teq—oho immense ruin is our portion—we are all slaves and paupers alike . The cloud that shuts the sunshine from the peasant hut casts now also upon the patrician ' s dwelling the shadow of degradation . Want is no longer the terror of the toiler ' s home alone ; it has invaded the lordly homes of the landlords , and with phantom band and inexorable gestures motion them to depart . And this is a retributive judgment for the murderous conspiracy against the people . Never—till she tear from its red tabernacle the Celtic heart of Ireland , and crush it in
bleeding atoms beneath her heel , will she name Ireland a consenting slave or a despised dependant . ( Tremendous cheers . ) We are here to night in no new quarrel with England—we ate here to open a new campaign in a time-honoured and immortal contest—we are here as no man ' s rivals for popular favour—we are hear as no man ' s competitors for notoriety—we are here because we believe it possible to retrieve the past and make a great future for Ireland . We are to proclaim that not the most abounding prosperity which imperial legislation could confer—that not the incantationsof a minister who deems himself a magician , because he is skilled in the vulgar tricks and jargon of a juggler—that not the glimpses of a sceptre which for one brief week
was substituted for the scourge that habituallj symbolised the councils and the acts of executive administration—can disenchant Ireland of her passion for independence . ( Enthusiastic applause . ) By nationality I understand an Irish senate , Irish laws , Irish institutions , thegreen flagilying freeabove the green land . By it I mean that this country ; with an instructed and governing soul should rule her own destiny , protect her own citizens , foster her own interests , guard her own honour , and write her own history . ( Loud cheers . ) By nationality I mean that the Irish soil shall have hospitality , and shelter her Irish people . ' By nationality I mean that Irish intellect shall bo no longer like a vagabond through the universe , but that here art shall
build and mould her schools , science rear her halls ; and that in them Irish genius shall pursue the triumphs of investigation ; Irish eloquence preach the evangel of liberty , and the behests of patriotism ; and Irish poesy sing of Irish freedom , Irish glory , Irish valour , and Irish beauty . ( Vehementcheering . ) Courage , old land ! For already the wide world heaves with the throes of a new nativity , aad the Afagt of tho nations shall again worship at tho erndle of democratic liberty , ( Hear , hear , and cheers . ) Courage , old land ! For , behold , despite the atrocities that have rent her gallant bosom , Hungary nurses her purposes of vengeance on her stripling tyrant and the miscreant ministers . of his ferocity . Courage , old land ! : For , behold , bctraved France ,
curses the audacious coxcomb who burlesques the glories of hor empire , and sees in the future her proud Republic builded on tho tumbled ruins of a foresworn impostor ' s power . ( Continued cheers . ) Courage , old land ! For' thy ' elder . sister , Italy , baptised with her at the same ancient font , sees too , uvthe future , the dawning of the day when , without degradation or remorse , she may kneel for the benediction of the vicegerenfeof Him crucified . Courage , old land ! For to that new world beyond the western main , which freedom has all but made her own , the refugees have gone with fiery zeal to proclaim thy wrongs , and to pledge its freemen to the advocacy of thy cause . ( Loud and prolonged cheering . ) Courage , old land ! . For even in the guilty land of Britain , a noble democracy , —democracy though it seek no purplo , and aspire to no diadem , is the
appointed ruler of the future—( cheers ) -that noble democracy , holding the destinies of Britain in its blistered but honest hand , recognises the validity of thy claims to justice and independence . ( Hear and cheers . ) Courage , old land ! For thy unnatural and fiercest foes , thy beggared aristocracy , who scorned thee as a mother , and lived on thy blood , and tears , and shame , have been hurled from their power , and stricken with retributive impotency . Courage , old land J For liberty is more than the tolden vision of the poet—more than the ecstatic ream of the enthusiast—more than tho gross scheme of the speculator . It . is th « augustest endowment of mankind . ' ( Vehement , acclamation , ) And thy - charter to its possession time has not annulled , force has not abrogated , usurpation has not falsified—Heaven has not reroked it , earth has not erased it , hell has not filched it .
Courage , old land ' . ( Enthusiastic applause . ) Listen ! thou ' st told me of a trampled land—a land Subdu'd and scorn'd , whose very soul is bow'd And fashioned to her chains : hut I tell thee Of a most generous and devoted land—A land of kindling energies—a land Of glorious recollections ; proudly true To the high memories of her ancient state , Andrising in majestuvscorn to cast Her alien bondage ony [ Mr . Leyne retired amidst enthusiastic cheering ] .
Aggregate Meeting Of The ^^^Arn^ ,R^^„. ...
The motion was put from tho chair , and carried unanimousl y with acclamation . Mr . FmoEiULD Stranoe , ( of Waterford , ) came lorward amid cheers to propose the second resolution . He felt pride and pleasure in being called on totake partm this great , this glorious re-union of Irishmen . . ( Hear , hear . ) He thought much gratitude was due to those gentlemen who first took upon themselves the task ,, disheartening as it must have been , of uniting and concentrating tho scattered fragments of public opinion , and combining them into suoh a mass of strength and intelligence as that which formed this glorious aggregate meeting . ( Loud cheering . ) Mr . Strange proposed the second resolution which was as follows : — " That an association to be called ' The Irish Alliance , ' shall be now formed , to take the most prompt and effective measures for the protection of the lives and interests of the Irish people' and the attainment of their national ri ghts , and that these he the fundamental rules . . ===
FBKDAMESTAl , BOLES . I . Tho means of the Irish Alliance shall be the union of all Irishmen , the concentration of public opinion , and tho exercise of all the moral , social and political influences within their reach . ¦ II . The affairs of the alliance shall be managed by a council , who-ahall have power to appoint offipNM & B $ g 9 en $£ for the « gorernment of thealllanoenotlhBbnsisliSnfc with the fuhdainentaT rules . That half of the council of tho Irish Alliance do . go out at the end of each half year , but that they be competent to be re-elected .
HI . Tho funds of the alliance shall be audited , and the accounts published once a quarter ; and all accounts , before payment , shall be submitted to , and approved of by , the committee of finance , IV . No resolution or other business shall bo brought before the alliance of which a week ' s notice in writing , posted in the council room , shall not have been previously given ; and no resolution for altering any fundamental rule shall bo brought forward without . having received the sanction of the council . .
V . Neither the alliance , nor any member of it , shall bo considered to be bound by any opinion , expressed by any individual , at any mcetinc thereof . . VI . Eich member of the council shall subscribe . a pledge , binding him to refrain from accepting or soliciting place , pension , or patronage , from any English government who will not make the object of the alliance a cabinet question ; and binding him not to vote for or support any candidate for parliamentary representation who will not take a similar pledge against the solicitation of government patronage ; and that any member of the council who shall be known to have violated this engagement shall be removed therefrom , and from "the alliance . "
VII . All offensive allusions to any other political association shall be strictly prohibited . VIII . Sectarian or religious subjects shall not be introduced into the proceedings of the alliance , except when it may be required for the defence of religious liberty , or for protecting and vindicating the inalienable rights and immunities of conscience . IX . That any Irishmen agreeing to the principles and fundamental rules of the Irish Alliance , may be admitted a member on being proposed and seconded at a public meeting , and on the payment of a subscription of not less than one shilling . Mr . Strange—That a committee of twenty-one bo
appointed to manage tho affairs of the "Irish Alliance" for one month , from November 20 th , 18-19 , and to nominate the nucleus of a council : — Arthur Barlow , T . C . ; Henry Gore Carolan , M . D ., T . C . ; James Plunkett , T . C ; John O'Neill , T . C ; John Martin , T ; C . ; Ralph Walsh , P . Johnston , Patrick Murphy , Charles Gavan Duff / , Iter . Mr . Fay , George Washington Vance , John Magrath , solicitor ; Charlton Stuart Ralph , W . J . Battersby , Doctor West , Edward Trouton , John Williams , Doctor Whito , Doctor Grattan , J . P . ; EdwardMtirphy , Kingstown . Treasurer—Martin Burke .. Seci'ctaries—John Lloyd Fitzgerald , Andrew Itusscll Stritch , Maurice H . Leyne .
Mr . Gavan Duffy then came forward and was received with the most enthusiastic cheering , waving of handkerchiefs , & c , which lasted for several minutes . He said , wo have undertaken a grave and , w . eMtk ^ stand hero m tho namff ora ^ multitude of the best men in Ireland , to consideranouotermine what the interests of our country demand to have done at this hour . ( Hear , hear . ) Twelve months since I stood in the dock of Green-street —( cheers)—facing the power of tho English government , and I declare , before God and my country , that I felt that position less trying and momentous than I , for one man amongst you , feel this to-day . ( Continued cheering . ) When my beloved friends touch again the
holy shores of Ireland , cither they shall hear that one old comrade in their toils is lying below the Irish soil , or I shall be able to say to them , '' Friends , for not one hour of your exile have I abandoned your work—by not one tittle have I altered the goal towards which . we marched—in not one single point have I lowered the claims , the dignity , or the aim of our country . ( Prolonged cheering . ) What are the present and practical objects of the Irish Alliance ? The first object is the land . The murder of the Irish people by extermination and exorbitant rents must stop . ( Hoar , hear , ) If you had seen with your own eyes , as I have seen , what the present system has made of Mayo and Gal way , of Cork and Kerry , ' turning corn fields into deserts , and men into beasts , yon
would expect fire from Heaven to fall down Oil the exterminators . ( Sensation . ) One thing we can do . A committee of our wisest men , gathering help and information wherever it is to be got , can frame a bill , expressing in clear , terms the actual rights and necessities of the people . ( Hear , hear . ) Such a bill would unite the opinion of all just men in and out of the kingdom upon it . For , trust me , when you have a just , equitable , and conclusive measure to propose half your work is done . ( Loud cheers . ) There are multitudes of men , both in England and Ireland , impatient to give such a measure their help . One other thing we can do . I am convinced that a majority of the exterminations are conducted contrary to law , even as the law stands . ( Hear .
hear . ) I trust we shall be able to form a committee of barristers , who will contest such cases inch by inch with the exterminator . ( Hear , hear . ) I know one district in which the press alone stopped the march of death . ( Cheers . ) I am convinced there are many where law would be a still more powerful shield . The next object of the Alliance is the abolition of church temporalities . 1 am extremely sorry that a question , associated with SO many sectarian and angry passions , lies in our path . But experience has made it only too plain , that while England has such a garrison in her pay , unity among creeds and classes in this country is impossible . The establishment must fall . ( Cheers . ) First , because it is an outrage on tho liberty of conscience
—( hear)—secondly , because it is a barrier lying right between the divided ranks of Irishmen . ( Cheers . ) The third object is tho franchise . A public , writer has lately said that tho electors of Ireland are in the poorhouse—in the prison—in exile—or in the grave . ( Hear . ) The second city in Ireland delivered over to a Tory and Protectionist , is a startling illustration of the condition to which the Irish suffrage is reduced . Happily for our success in winning for the Irish people'this right , a powerful association has been founded in England by Bright , Cobden . and the men who beat the aristocracy of England in their , fiercest contests . They have united . tho whole . democracy of England , and with the help of Ireland , and tho
natural justice of this cause , I believe we shall soon see it won . ( Cheers . ) The next object is theresources and manufactures of the country . We have been too often disappointed to permit me to indulge in any extravagant promises on this subject . But I do , for myself , believe that by . going deliberately , quietly , and practically . to . work , by ascertaining what actually cah . be done , and engaging private enterprise upon it , wo may work a change in tho whole face of this country little short of miraculous , ( Hear , hear , and cheers . ) ' Such are the objects of this new alliance ; and now let us sec the rules by which it is to be governed . Its means are to be the means of the Catholic association , of the Irish Confederation —( cheers)—of the Irish League —( hear , hear)— " the union of all and
Irishmen , the concentration of public opinion , the exercise of all the moral , social , and political influences within then- reach . " The affairs of the alliance shall be managed by a council carefully selected from the wisest and best men —( hear , hear)—who adhere to the movement , and that they may be deliberately chosen , a month has been given for the selection of the first council . ( Hear , hoar . ) Half of thorn shall go out of office at the end of six months , but be capable of re-election , and the other half a t the end of twelve months , for the purpose of affording recurring opportunities of infusing new bloodand vigour into the governing body . ( Cheers . ) Tho funds shall be under the control of a finance committee . Not one penny shall be paid without their order—frhear , hear , and cheens)—and onceU quarter they shall submit to a public meeting- and
Aggregate Meeting Of The ^^^Arn^ ,R^^„. ...
publish an audit of the accounts . ( Hear , hear . ) Among several ordinary fundamental rvdea 1 find , two others of primary importance . One is a pledge against place-begging . ( Enthusiastic cheering . ) & o man can become a member of tho council of this association —( hear , hear)—no member of parliament can receive the support of this association —( hear , hear)—who does not pledge himself . against the base Ipractice of trafficking for place with the English government . ( Cheers . ) ho man can enter our council chambers who is not prepared to leave be * hind him at the door for ever all hope of living upon English gold , ( Loud cheering . ) Tho other rule in these words : — "All offensive allusions to any other political association shall he strictly pro * hibited . " ( Hearhearand cheers . ) Gentlemen i
, , I ask you to adopt tho spirit and letter of this fun « damental rule ; and I think I am entitled to ask you to do this thing " . ( Hear , hear . ) Oh ! my friends , there was never on the earth nobler work to bedono than will repay your generous endurance . ( Hear , bear , and loud cheers . ) Here is a great kingdom , with all its resources in ruin ; and yet awaiting but constructive hands to grow up anew in stately beauty . ( Enthusiasticcheers . ) Will you be the architects—will you be tho workmen ? ( Cries of " Yes . " ) For ' myself there h one blessing before all others thatl ask from Heaven—it is , that I may be an bumble labourer in the final completion of this holy work of ages . Mr . Duffy concluded , amid the most enthusiastic cheering , by seconding the roso * lution . ( Continued to the Fifth page . J *
Political Economy. " Uniform And Increas...
POLITICAL ECONOMY . " Uniform and increasing abundance of all things istlie desideratum of political economy . "
TO THE EDITOR OP THE NORTHERS STAU . Sin , —The above is the heading of a letter from the pen of Lawrence Hey worth , Esq ., of Liverpool , in the Daily News of November 17 th , a gentleman for wrhom 1 entertain thejughest esteem , and one who is constantly labouring for 'the social and phy » steal elevation of the labouring " population i it 13 because , 1 . concejye hini * to be labouring under erroneous notions , that I deem it advisable , through thejiediam of your journal , with your permission , to make a few observations on his letter . It is evident that Mr . Hey worth considers cheapness the greatest desideratum of the ago . He says . ; »* cheap production " and unimpeded interchange of untaxed commodities , are tho means which the immutable will of Providence has appointed to obtain the
uniform and increasing abundance of all things , to secure their universal distribution , and to render tho enjoyment of them easily accessible to all . " If wa analyse the word " cheap , " wo shallfind it to mean , in reality , robbery . The parties disposing of commodities " cheap ; " implies that the working men who may have been employed in the production of these commodities , have not received their legitimate wages—hundreds of instances might lie cited in proof of this , one will suffice for tho present . The agents employed to sell tho Bibles for the British and Foreign Bible Society , avc enabled to soli them " cheap , " take a gUuice behind the scenes , ascertain the amount of wages paid to tho various parties employed in the production of these Bibles ,
and the curse of this cheapness will bo discovered by the fact , that the females arc compelled to have recourse to the streets in order to provide themselves with an adequate supply of the necessaries of life . Cheapness is robbery committed by tho rich and powerful upon the poor and defenceless . The idea which the word " cheap" conveys to tho mind is horrifying in the extreme ; wretchedness , misery , and filthiness , occasioned by the producers of cheap commodities being compelled by a person they cannot control , to crowd into tho back streets and alleys of our large cities—the sexes mingling indiscriminately , and in largo numbers , in small , illventilatad rooms , generating noxious and poisonous gases , which are the prominent causes of fever in
all its forms ; and cholera—that scourge of the human family—visiting us f rom town to town , becoming more intense in its effects each visit . The political economists may prosecute their labours in the way they have done for some time , and they will find such a scene of misery and wretchedness produced in this country , as the world never witnessed . Each commodity produced by a working man , has an intrinsic value ; and if sold Or exchanged for its intrinsic value in another commodity , it can neither be said to be " cheap" or "dear ; " but when the laws , instituted by the plunderers of humanity , compel the producer to sell his commodity for less than its intrinsic value , then the producer is robbed or cheated out of one portion
of tho fruits of his industry . Cheapness is robbery —valueis concentrated labour—a commodity always requiring the same amount of labour ought always to be of the same value—no legitimate reduction in value can take place unless it be preceded by a corresponding reduction in the amount of labour by the introduction of machinery , or some other principle calculated to diminish its amount , A commodity when sold for its intrinsic value , supposes its production in a state of society where the producer has neither rents , taxes , or usury to pay . Seeing then that this state of society has not an exdstence ^ in ^ tbis-country , it follows-that any taxes in the shape of rents , usury , governmental or social , which the producer has to pay , he ought ill
justice to have the power to charge such payments to the price of his commodities—if he has not this power , then his condition will deteriorate in proportion as taxation increases . Let it be borne in mind that governmental taxation which is enormous , yet in comparison to the taxation which accumulated property inflicts , it sinks into insignificance . Private landlords have a power of levying taxation on society . A gambling speculator , by a lucky throw , realises two thousand pounds ; this may not have cost him two hours labour , yet ho is enabled to levy a tax on society of eighty or one hundred pounds a year , which he can perpetuate and transmit from generation to generation . " Cheapness " may be agreeable to this chiss of men , inasmuch as
the purchasing power of their income is increased thereby . ¦ This power is iiligitimate—it is a power resulting from an act of Parliament , in direct opposition to Free Trade principles . Proof ; gold is a commodity , its price is fixed b y Sir llobcrt Peel at £ o 17 s , lOld . per ounce . It is our standard of value . A standard should have the quality of unchangeablcness . Though Sir Robert has endeavoured to give it this quality he has failed—its price advances on tho Continent or in America . Away our gold goes , diminishing its quantity , a diminished quantity cannot allow the . , same price for commodities , down they fall , to correspond with the quantity of money left in the country . It is therefore evident that * we have no standard of value at all in this country ]; and until wo have , as unchangeable in its character as our yard of thirty-six inches , pound
of sixteen ounces , & c , & c „ we may continue our political agitations continuously , without ever having the satisfaction of seeing aii improvement in the physical condition of the great bulk of the people , Let Mr . Hey worth and his class of political economists , reflect on the steps they ave taking . They are moving heaven and earth to increase the quantity of produce , while they never sec to it that tho distributive princip le , is allowed to increase in a corresponding ratio . The result is , that tho price of produce , however the quantity may bo augmented , must fall down to the quantity of money m the country . The doom of ouv farmers , shipbuilders , arid other branches of business affected by the free trade principle , is fixed ; ruin irretrievable —ruin is their fate ; while the bullionist is at the same time augmenting his wealth . Yours truly , Halifax . Jonx Ccipas , Jun .
• Court Of Queen's Bench.—Fmcvv. (From O...
• COURT OF QUEEN'S BENCH . —Fmcvv . ( From our Third Edition of Last Week . ) MACNAMA . IU V , FEAUGUS o ' COXNOR . This was an action to recover the balance of an attorney ' s bill . The plaintiff had been employed to conduct the defence of 3 oncs , Fusscll , Sharp , and Williams , who , in the month of June , 134 S , were tried at the Central-Criminal Court , upon a charge of sedition . The plaintiff had been paid a considerable sum on account , and brought the present action to recover the balance . At the trial , which took place at Guildhall , before Lord Denman ,
at the sittings after last term , the plain tin obtained a verdict for £ 101 17 s . Oil . ; but at the commencement ; of this term a motion was made by the defendant for a new trial on tho ground that the verdict was against tho evidence , and also upon matters contained in certain affidadavits which were read . The question at the trial turned upon whether the plaintiff undertook the prisoners' defence on tho defendant ' s retainer , or upon the retainer of the " Chartist Defence Committee . "
Mr . Justice CoiEmnGE now said , he had communicated with Lord Denman on the subject , who was of opinion that at tho trial a strong case had been made by each side ; and though he ( Lord Denman ) would not have drawn the same conclusion which the jury did from the evidence , lie was not prepared to say that they vrcro wrong . As to the matter contained in the affidavits , they were not of sufficient importance to disturb the verdict ; there would , therefore , bo no rule in this case .
In Rei'ly To A Letter Of Inquiry By The ...
In reI'ly to a letter of inquiry by the shipowners of Cork , Sir Denis Lo Marchant has been directed be tho Board of Trade to state , that from the 1 st of January next , all ships duly owned by British subjects will be admitted to registry , without inquiry as to their place of build . The Bishop of Exeteb has passed sentence of deprivation on the Rev . Charles Rookes , M . A ., recto of Nymett-Rowland , Chumleigb , Devon , against ( . whom Widow Brooks lately recovered damages foe ' the seduction of her daughter Maria
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Nov. 24, 1849, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_24111849/page/1/
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