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—. -- "^'''' "•*"*** - - . - . -¦•-. ..-...
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*•*"*"' — AjaEiUCAN AFFAIRS, rf /fro* tk...
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BRITISH COLLEGE of HEALTH, Xew "*~ Eoad,...
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p^p. s-iIoT cf Mr. Piscatoby. — " In, Lo...
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the latk explosion of a steamer in ;.';;...
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¦ ¦ '- _ CALIFORNIA^ PROSPECTS. TVehave ...
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AH EXCEIISKT COBE OP A DlSOBDEB IS I7TB ...
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THE HALIFAX: SHORT i^TIME'COMMITTEE ',. ...
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; . , THE TEN.HOURS.BILL..; . .. Baunsle...
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Meetiko ' on .Delegates at Bukixfiei/D.—...
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' = " ,. '«« THE LEADER "AND LOUIS BLANC...
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RIGHTS OF-WOMEN. - ' ' ' 1 : The New Yor...
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THE ^GONDITTjON OF^ENGLAND ¦ _ ';¦ " >;y...
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CONFERENCE OP THE NATIONAL A ' SSOCIATIO...
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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—. -- "^'''' "•*"*** - - . - . -¦•-. ..-...
— . -- " ^''' ' " " *** - - . - . - ¦• -. ..- « . ¦ . . - ^ .. . ^ , ^ ~ . "'" - * ' . ¦—***¦ "" j' ^ t * »<;•' . fjiW ' i- » ft ^^ y ^| a-a . i ^ . ^ „ . _ , . ____ " ... - >¦' ' - • ¦ may 25 , 1850 . - - / . ; t ::.. ' . ^ : ^ J :. S ^ , ' : jS T ;! ^ Tr ^^
*•*"*"' — Ajaeiucan Affairs, Rf /Fro* Tk...
*•*"*"' — AjaEiUCAN AFFAIRS , rf / fro * tk ' Ne , F Yttk Tribsue * of May 8 th . ) bill in aid of MK'Grinnel l > expedition in Th Tb u « fSir John Franklin , his fullj pissed both i « -Tt « -TCn 01 ; ' ^^^ BritBh Amhsssador . Sir H . L . Bulwer . ' has L ^ ed a fetter l » the Secretary of State , show-^^ fevonraWe disposition on the part of the Eng-: i « 'iU * ^ -jnioen t as to opening the navigation of the 0 05 ° ^ nce to American shipping . Mr . Bulwer ^ that this measure will be agreed on b y his jto ti sta tes in pr 0 Tidf d the Reciprocity Bill now begP ^ rtS « eIs shall pass that body . . . fort ft ^ ^ l ^ trnciion of property has been occasioned fc soddtn riseofihe Hudson , Merrimack , and ** ** Lncot rivers , and the smaller streams in New 001 v Niwthera New-Hampshire and Vermont ** * define "f » ne Vermont Central Railroad the fja Oa tneii - t 0 o ; not ^ tnah 200 , 000 to am » 5 B ¦ w
^! ^ ° * ta " cholera has made its appearance on several hoa s on the Mississ pp i ri v er , proving fatal in ^ * w « t every fase . ' rta JIissa chusetts Legislature adjourned on the J ?* gfter a session ot 122 days . It has passed * : ? f 0 bills ' an 111 res lv e s , all of which have re-« d t he si gnature of the Governor . C The Anmreisaiy ofthepioclamation of the Re-•« r in Frame was celebrated on Saturday e * en-? ? to a puhhc banquet , in the Hall of the . < Mi ; J iFerawniia iwi
T jhe Frencn » n » - » n . w « S ! ^ it atthere-wnon , which included several dis-I & hed invited enests , and among them were l {^ celeb rated Italian patriots , Signor Forresti , and f feneral Avemna . Theewriiegwas passed in the J hterchangeoi patriotic sentiments and the enjoy . I Sent of social hilarity , elegant addresses temg i delivered bv M . Paul Arpm , the president of the j fedval , and " several other interesting and powerful
( ( 1 ** ^^ Fenneberg , a well-known German Democrat , arrived in New York on Sunday , ^ He was deeply implicated in the Vienna inspection of Oct . lSlS . and a reward was eftvred fcr j , ijperson , ahve or d ? ad , byPritioeTViadischjuiz , after obtaining possession of the " city . ' . "He | « also engaged in thereyoludon of- last . yeat in gjdeo . ; - "• The Icarian community at Nauvoo are . expectvng Urge reinforcement tn their rrarabfrs by ihe arri-Yil of a number ol Swiss and French families . On t his accoun t , ttey ' have greatly enlaV gene d . thtir joilKn ? operations . They , are about , to appl y for Ei nralizstion . in order that they may enjoy all the ri . lts and privileges of American citizens . . " ¦ - '
Another crevasse has occurred on the Mississippi in the parish of Su James , which , at the last accounts , was 200 feet wide and six desp . Several plantations had been covered with water , and it was feired that immense damage must be occasioned be-J re the crevasse , vras stopped . Froa Canada we have uo . advices of moment ; . the ch ief event worthy , of record being the issue of another address to the people by . the Central Commit tee of the British-American League , in which they represent the duty of Canadians to be to urge tbe
Canadian Legislature , by petition , to pass an address to her Majesty and both Houses of Parliament , praying them to authorise , by an imperial act , to ihe people , lowborn they profess to have already granted self-government , to hold a general convention of delegates for the \ urpase of considering and preparing 8 constitution for the government of this pro v ince , and with power to act in concert with delegates from such of -the other british provinces in North America as " may be diesirous of forming a federal union with Canada , such constitution to be afterwards submitted to . the people for ratification . Acceunis from Buffalo , dated the 7 th , . received by telegraph , announce the occurrence of a lamentable disaster on Like Erie . Two steamers came in collision—one sank , ' with twenty-four cf ber Majesty ' s 23 rd Regiment were drowned , "toge ' -her with one officer and ^ eleven passengers ;
"Wehave dates from California to' April 1 st , by the steamers Empire , City , an d Georg ia , wli . h arrived at this port yesterday , bringing the passengeis and mails ofthe steamship California which reached Panama on the 23 d ult , with 1 , 700 . 000 dollars of gold dust on freight , and 230 passengers , who probably had with them half a million more . V The deeiion for county tffiicrs took place throughout the State on the day of the California ' s sailing . By this election , th » or = aTiisition of tbe State-was to be Depleted a ; d the regains of the old Mexican system set aside . - -
We have advices ffora M ? xico to the 11 th nil . I d from Vera Crux to the Htbv The City was in gie : t excitement on account of tbe assassination t > f the Deputy , Signor Csnedo . The crime is supposed to have been dictated by political reasons . —Ths members of Congress , the French Minister , and Diners of the Diplomatic Corps were present at the itineral ceremonies , which took place on the 30 th March . General Antonio Loprz de Santa Anna , the
distiagulsced Meiican hero , was making Carthagena his abode for the present .. The wily wooden-leg hero intends to reside permanently in the Republic of New Granada . It is said that he has a project tnfoot to unite the Republic of Mexico frith the Jspablie of Sonth America nndera grand Republic of the Pacific , with Maiself , it is not unUkely . to he tteh-adof the federal alliance . He has some great scheme on foot which time u ill disclose . He wishes to become the Bolivar of . Colombia .
At the last dates from Rio Janiero , the yellow fever continued to make frightful ravages in that cur . The shi pp ing in the h a r b our h a d suff e r ed with great severity from th e de structive ep idemic . Several Americans have died on board different vessels . A number of Italian , German and English vessels have lost their whole crews , ap . d in some instances their captains and officers . Several of the foreign mercantile houses have been closed , owing to the sickness of their inmates . The Emperor had experienced a slight attack of the fever , but was convalescent at the last accounts .
By dates to the 12 tk ult . from Truxillo , we learn fiat the rebellion which was in progress in Honduras , at our last advice . * , has been completely quelled . The leader of the movement Guardiola , was instigated by Joureqne , a chief of the aristocratic patty , who is supposed to have been m league Wt the British Consul Chatfield . It was proposed to overthrow the present government , placing Gcardiolain the Presidential Chair , and making the State of Honduras an Independent Republic , under the protection of Great Britain . The British Consul was to advance the rebels , l OOO OOOdols ; in aid < , f the project A treaty of alliance was then to
he made with Great Britain , allowing all her claims to the Mosquito Territory , and . pledging Honduras to cede no part of her dominions to any other power than Great Britain for twenty years . The rebels gathered to the number of about 500 under Guardiola , but were soon put down by the spirited mea Sires of the government . Joureque was taken pr is oner , Gusrdiola- banished , to - Salvador , and Bnstillo , who took an active pare in the operation of the rebels , was shot . In other parts of Central America , the country is represented as being in a state of disturbance . * Carrera , a former President , had perished in a guerilla engagement .
British College Of Health, Xew "*~ Eoad,...
BRITISH COLLEGE of HEALTH , Xew " *~ Eoad , Londoiv r "tttw-CooxTSTHEX , —The following is the inscription Oa the book containing the Petition to the House of Comtntms , signed ov 19 , 95 !) persons against pharmaceutical Poisons : — ' -MIEJIOKtAJi =
Ofthe Karnes of the T a 13 , 950 , independent lnolnduals who signed the Petition presented to the House of Commons , - On Tuesday , the lsth ' of June , 1817 , ( through Sir Benjamin Hail , Bart , HPF . for the Borough of St Marrlebone ) , -.- - ¦ AGAINST Tlid DEADLY POISOXS Used or held out as Medicines hy Doctors , In order to prop their « Guinea . Trade ' ? ^ hichtrade is theTcot of all evils as regards the public health ; the cause of hospitals and lunatic asylums being filed with diseased objects ;• and , above all , the canst : of an persons lives being , kept in constant jeopardy through the deadly chemicals rrhicli doctors have introduced in order to prop up that trade . " The contents of tlie work are as follows : — 1 Case of Miss Abcrcrombie , poisoned by Strychnine Reported by i » r .-Se : geant . now Mr Justice Talfuurd . 2 . Death of Waaiwright , her Murderer . 8 . Saleof PoUons .
*• MarchioaecS of Biiaviuiers . 5 -Account of the Aqsa Tofjuia . J- Wholesale Poisoning during the KomanEepublic . '• llecent Gases of lessoning . ' o . Preface to the Seventieth Thousand of " The Morisoniana . " . " Budangham - Case : a whole family saved by the Vegetable Universal Medicine , after baring bce « i , sccidenianyjo soccdbv arsenic . 1 V - CwieralUetwrt uf the British College of Health for ii ^ ° - ,. V }™< 3 plcs of the Hvgeiaa Svstcm of Hedicine . * - I ** -ter to the Lord Bishop of London on the Sanitary . Qnestio !! . J TheEiscand l * io 5 re ? softheBritishC < asgeofHealth . x « mdon ; I ' ubliihed ' bv the BriUsh College of HealUi , ««*¦« . Priced Cd .
P^P. S-Iiot Cf Mr. Piscatoby. — " In, Lo...
p ^ p . s-iIoT cf Mr . Piscatoby . — " In , Louis ^ h ppe ' s time . " said Mr . Piscatory the other day fri j er of tIie E , ysee JJourbon , to his dear "end Brougham , " Guizot and I used to row in j ~ L Same boat , " at which tlie noble convert to £ * Potisn observed , " Aye , aye J but not itfth the ^ sculls ]"
The Latk Explosion Of A Steamer In ;.';;...
the latk explosion of a steamer in ; . ';;";'/ " America . - ; - ^ < •« Jrom ^ farftey particulars' 6 ftbe" ;( explosion' of the Steamer Wayne / we . give the foUdwing : - ' Fifteen of the crew , including , captain , . mate s , clerk , srioon-keeper , two wheelmen . Jhee firemen , one porter , two deck hands , barber and chambermaid were saved . - ¦ - ' : . > ; ...., . i ¦ , TheCaptain is of the opinion that there wereabout 130 on board . If so , the loss ' oflife tias'beenterr rible--not less , than seventy-five to' eighty . The saloon-keeper , who was up and amomg the passeng e rs , thinks there was , not iless than 100 ... The clerk makes it about the samei ,., .. . One of the survivors g ives the following account of this frightful ; accident : — . i ' ¦ < ¦ ¦* : u-k-.: \
'The / Anthony- Wayne left Sandusky'about halfp a s t ten o ' clock ;! The ; Superior had half an hoeithe start . After leaving : the harbour , - bur-boat stcerejl directly"for Cleaveland . the lights of the Sajerior Here . tben in sight . Soon after passing the ou'er bar , the Captain and first mate turned in . and se did the passengers . The second mate , Starkweather , I > al charge ofthe deck . ^ About halfpast one o ' tlo : k I went but of the saloon , leaving Meade the barkeeper there , and ' joined the mate near the bow . We had . been , conversing abeut a minute , when i heard a dull , heavy sound , and thought the vessel struck . a rock . I asked tie rnate ^ ' what is that ?' . We turned , looked back , and saw the air filled with steam sparks > flying
, , timber-and boards , the chimneys and pipes falling . The mate said * we are blown-up" and commenced ringing the bell . One of the-boilers was thrown from its bed upon the ' eabin deck . The captain and first male rushed from their state-rooms on deck . The captain ' s first order was to ' triaherup , ' as tbe boat was lurching to larboard . Tbe captain andEdgcosibe remained on board until tbe boat was about to sink . Most of the passengers were forward . Thecaptain went in a life-boat with five o-hers . - About the same time , the two mates ; with two others , ' launched the big yaw ^' and „ rewed fora time around-the wreck , picking up those ; w ' hOj were scattered itf the waterl v " \ " U " .: " ' --
-j The mate , with some dozen others , in the yawl , espi e d a vess e l in t he di s tance , made for it ; and at last , succeeded in -reaching -the - schooner ¦ Elraira ; which immediately commenced testing down to the w reck , which she : reached abbat half-past- seveni a , m ; and took ' off the uninjured , scalded and dead from theideek . ' "" ..:: \ ~ ' ] ' : ' ; . ' ! 'Whenthe ; hull went . down , the , cabin broke in t w o p ieces , the smaller remaining attached to the mast by the shrouds , and the latter to the stern , by the tiller ropes . -On the first wasvMessrs . -Molten and Pettinger , an d some si r or ei ght' others—on
tho latter , Mr . Eddy , thirteen others uninjured ; one badly scalded and three' dead . ; The cabin' floated , but the doors , panels , & c . being barried away , it rose as close to the top or hurricane ^ deck as . bedding ,, chairs , & c .,. would , a l low , leaving the deck about two feet above water . On this deck the survivors and the dead remained dnring-six- long hours , while this frail support heaved with every indole tion of the lake , shaping itself to the waves . Four n omen and two children were on the wreck , and they bore up nobly . Those ^ on the forward portion were most exposed to the action of water , and ; were nearly frozen . £ - ¦ ¦ - . . . -. > .. > . •"~ . > .-... ^ . «
The case of Mr . Archer Brackney- is of thrilling interest .: He-was on his way from Lafayette , ; la : to Philadelphia , with the . remains " of bis wife . ' and child , '' recently deceased ;; ' Both of the , corpse ' s were inclosed in one box- When the explosion took place he succeeded , in ' dragg ing his two living children from their rooms , and with them plunged into the water . After swimming around for a short time , he came in contact-with ihe box containing his wife and child ; : Upon' this he succeeded for some time in
keeping himself and children from drowning , althouugh every wave would roll his frail support ahd plnnged- them in the water , until at . last ; his little boy , two years ' . old , was drowned in his arms . After becoming satisfied . that , his boy was dead , he relu ct an t l y parted with the body , and turned his attention to the . rescue of the remaining child ,-who was clingin g arenn d his ne c k , crying ; Papa ! we s' ail drowa ! ' - He-finally succ eed ed in g a inin g the fl sating part of tbewrecki with his little daughter , and both were saved . ' - ' - •¦ -
¦ ¦ '- _ California^ Prospects. Tvehave ...
¦ ¦ ' - _ CALIFORNIA ^ PROSPECTS . TVehave the important information of ' large failures in California ; principall y a mong those engaged in land speculations . The commercial review ofthe California ' markets supplies some information on the subject ; but our private despatches give some painful particulars , such as are deeply calculated to shake our confidence in a large portion of those who claim to be business men in that region . We are also struck with amazement at the singular requisition from the state itself , on the collector- of the port of San Francisco , Mr . Collier . ' The state authorities , on tbe 1 st of April ,-demanded the revenue ofthe United States derived-from that '' port to be surrendered from that day , as due-to their government . -We were prepared 'for much ; but not for this . It is something that ambitious men mi ght dream " of , but which it is difficult to ' realis ' e in such a shape . But we must address ourselves to this subject on another occasion ; " ¦ It is -with the' land
speculators of California that we are now concerned , and ifc-is-with no little regret ,--with little surprise , and-with no very well founded hope of arbetter state of things as respects real estate , that tho reaction long since predicted by us , as the necessary result of speculation , h a s commenced . -We did not suppose , however , that the bubble would burst under eight or ten months .,,-While we were . , only antici pating it , the . work of revulsion has- commenced in such a way that all the mad schemes and speculations appertaining to lands and . land titles will bring about disappointment , despair , bankruptcy , and ruin , to those who are engaged in them , and will prove the insolvency of . hundreds who have been reputed wealthy . This has always been the case in simi'ar speculations . The Maine . land speculations , only about twenty years ago , were of this character , resulting in mischief to thousands who departed from the legitimate channels of . trade for the fortunes which glittered , in lauds , logs , and
moonbeams . . .-. Californian firms are now suffering largely from t he fa ilure of some o f th e . most prominent , speculators . One of these men , unrivalled for large operations , has burst all to pieces in his real estate operations—his notes have been- dishonoured , and how far his own ruin may touch the credit of persons in California , or on the Atl a ntic b oar d , cannot be known . We have authority for saying , however , that some of his real estate , for which-he paid 300 , 000 dollars , would not fetch one-sixth of that sum . The great commercial firm recentl y gone to pieces ,- may wind up with a favourable show of asserts ; yet such failures must tend very forcibly to impress upon the community the importance of
the largest degree of caution . . 'Merchants should st ick to fi gures , and not to chances , if they would be safe in such seasons of speculation . Everything that looks like undue excitement should be suspected as dangerous . . We have no doubt , if the tru t h were known , it would be found that there is little soundness in the houses connected with land speculations ; becvuse , for many months , there ' has been going on a series of frauds , conspiracies [ aid forgeries among the land speculators , which must eventually-break out into public view ,: compactjaDd entire as now appears the surface of things t e delude credulous victims . The United States will ' have a searching investigation into her titles to the public
L-mds ; and any frauds which bare been attempted , however high-handed , or from whatever source , will throw California back . Indeed ,, we do not well see bow anything else is to be expected than' a complete revision-of many- of the transactions which have taken place . To begin anew , to go over the whole ground again , and to soberly work out the' ownership of real estate in California , seems to be the only course that can be adopted . If this should not be done , endless litigation will distract society ^ and the masses of hard labourers in the fields of gold will become the serfs of a few lords of the land- ^ a few mining buccaneers—who ? e authority , in many - cases , will be derived by knavery , frauds , and robbery of the country .
The commercial aspect of California is of a more wholesome character , and should be a subject for rejoicing . The mad prices are coming down into a reasonable form ; and out of this new state of thin g s we may look for a happy improvement : in all the legitimateoffices . of labour . This is tho bestfe ' ature that we perceive ; and it is fortunate for the , Californians that the land bubble speculation has ' been pricked at so early a period , llad it been buoyant eight or ten months longer , it would have been far more ruinous . It will be bad enough now , and onlv crushed when tbe ambition for personal aggrandisement has toppled over the master spirits , who arc virtually at issue with the federal government . — Aew York Herald .
Ah Exceiiskt Cobe Op A Dlsobdeb Is I7tb ...
AH EXCEIISKT COBE OP A DlSOBDEB IS I 7 TB SlOHACn Effected bv Uoixowav's Pills . —Alauy , ' an intimate friend of the family of General ltosa ' s , Governor ofthe Bepubiieofla Plata , declares that . she was lately cured of a disorderin the stomach , and restored to perfect ! health by the use of this admirable remedy : She had consulted " the most eminent physicians in the country , but had not been able to obtain any relict from the complaiht-that was killing her , as she said , by inches / until she teokHolloway ' s Pills . John Eastman , Esq ., an eminent merchant of Buenos Ayrcs , communicated these particulars to Professor JMoway , in a letter dated ith September , 18 i 9 . i
The Halifax: Short I^Time'committee ',. ...
THE HALIFAX : SHORT i ^ TIME ' COMMITTEE ' ,. .:: i "' : ' ! : T 0 L 0 R P Ashley . V '' ' ;'•"' . , T'MTLbRD , j-The « hort - Time Committee of Halifax have read and considered'yeurlbrdship's letteV They notice with surprise-and grief that y ou have accepted Sir George Grey ^ s measure ; which is to lay upon those who weromeant to" be' protected ty a s t atute of P a rliament , itwo hours ^ of additional labour every week . ; and that- ' youihave thus abandoned' tile iTm Hours-Bill ; Which was fifty-eight hours only . You haye thus sepamted yourself from us , andourconstituents ; and we feel that we have a rig ht to compl ai n of the c ours e you h a ve taken ' . For you " undertook this course in 1833 , as one ol
limitation to fifty-ei ght hours a week an d no m orel And the reason you giveus for relinquishing what you allow to ' ¦ be "our-undoubted righfc' ^ isinot founded upon JusncE , but Up on a wroso ; whi c h y o u were b oun d , as we think , to have resisted at all hazards .- Your wordaare ¦ " the two hours are your undoubted right , " meaning that they are ; bylaw our own , not for work , but for ' - leisure . ' Now , my lord , what are thefacts ? 1 st ; Parliament and the Queeu meant the parties referred to in the' acfc to have fifty-eight hours labour per week , arid no more , and ^ that continuousl y , and without relays ; 2 nd . ' Pariiament blundered in wording the '' act ' , which was meant to secure this protection . ' 3 rd . The millowners seized < liold of this blunder , and
proceeded- to annoy , - distress , " and > oppress the parties ' intended * to bo protected ; 4 th . " The advantage thus afforded ' and ^ ' thus taken by the mtljowriers is morally wrong ; though not legallv punishable .- These facts your lordship allows ; anil yet , as though you bad forgotten' that the vantage srronnd ofthe millowners was unjust and immoral , and that the unskilfulness of Parliament gave' therii this power to do wrong with : impunity ; ybii argub thus— " Youi the operatives , hav e' an undoubted rig ht to a secure Ten Hours Bill , or fifty-ei ght hour s pe r week , and no more for allparties protected by it : But the ' law gave ! themillowhers a range of fifteen hours ; a day for their convenience ; though not for your annoyance ; -They ;' however ; abuse
this range , ' and employ relays or siit /( s ' which Parlianient intended to abolish : ; He ' rein 'tHe ' mijlowners inflict on ^ bu rnbratlyt ir an uridoubted ' wrongl tlibugh as tho tetter of the ' act now stands , the y m a y 'db so withbnt puhishmerit . '"Thegbyeriiment' and myself how propose not to apiend our' cmissioTis and ' . secure your undoubted right ; but that ydu , ' the ? ooB , ^ hall give up your ' " un d qumed ri ght" that you may ihduce the millowners ; t ' he ' hich , tbabstMri , in futur ' ei frbni' perpetrating §« « ncfo « Bfecr Wpn ^; " or iti ' bthef w ords , " thBBich will cease tb oppress arid annoy ybuV'tf you ; TnE roouyw hours a week longer than bargain ; > nd give ' up so far your ' « undbupted right . " My lord , we can scarcely believe '' burqwri eycsand ears * Wa s ' there
ever in pririciplea more uhjusfand immoral proposal ?' ' : ' . ' ¦ : ; ' ' ¦ ' "' ^' -- ' - ' ¦ ' ¦ J !'* . " ' -V .. V ' ' ,. ' ' - . " ¦ . '' 'We read of practised thieves enteringiri ^ b treaties to restore stolen'plate , 'jewels " arid' parchments ; " upon conditions . '" You and the government will not propose an Act tb ^ makevthis legal , and why ? Because it would'be a ^ wKOxo TbiHE mcii . But you do propose , jthat we should compound -acts of robberyand oppression with the , rich ;' who' nreput ( by your' blundering ) . ' into a position to injure us with * jmpunity , and . tb rob us of pur . ceded rights , and that by the uriskilfulness or negli gence ; o f parliament ! But theri i m y Ibrd . ' . wE abe rbqii !!! Is ! this Justices-is this V Christian Act ' or ' propos al ? Oris riot ibis—bne ' lawfor . the -rich , ; and another for the poor ? , ) Ve regret to close bur longcohnextion with your lordship with so little comfort to
ourselves ,. and so little . credit to you ; but we thank . Godihathe . has raised ristip a "friend in need , " and : we lope . *' a friend indeed , * ' and we will stand by L o rd . Johh Mariners , while he stands by the right , and leave our cause to the protection of , the God of truth and love . ; . " : ' . ''' . ;; : '" "' r : ;\ : f ' :. " : ' ¦ ,. - . ., Signed on behalf of " the Cbmriiittee ;; ;; ' . ;' . JqnVSusnEBLASD , ^ ^ Secretary . ' . We have ,: come ' " to the , following resolution ' . — " That the parties protected by the Ten Hiours Act have an . ^ undoubted right to ! claim of the'legislat iire tid . ' secure ' tb ' them , witltqut . any diiriimition or annoyance , tbe possess i on of . that protection ; that to ask ' therii to labour two Hours longer weekl y , is unjust and unreasonable ; and that disagreeing entirely with Lord Ashley ; this Committee will give to Lord John Manners their confidence and support . " '
; . , The Ten.Hours.Bill..; . .. Baunsle...
; , THE TEN . HOURS . BILL .. ; . . . Baunslet . —A meeting of delegates , from each of the factories of this district was held ' at Mr . George Utley ' s , on Saturday' niglit , : May 18 tlii arid after a lqng and auimatel discussiori , the following resolutions were agreed to : — " That the delegates here assembled cannot agree to the . extension of the hours of labour in , factories for young persons , and women , ' beyond the period setfofth iii JohnFielden ' s Act . " r ^ " That tho thanks of the delegates , on the patoftheiactory workers of the BarnBlcy . district , be m . ost respectfully given jtq Lord John Manners , for his conduct in the House of Commons , in nobly taking up the . cause ! of the factory children , when shamefully abandoned by ; Lord Ashley . " —" That the thanks , of the delegates bb also given to the editor and proprietor of the hoirthcni Star , and the other portions of tlie public press which have advocated the integrity of the . Teu Hours Bill . , .
Meetiko ' On .Delegates At Bukixfiei/D.—...
Meetiko ' on . Delegates at Bukixfiei / D . —At a general meeting . of delegates , representing Ashtori , Stalybrioge , Hyde , Du ki nfie l d , ? and Newton , Jicld on Sunday , the 19 th inst ., at the Bush Inn , Oxford Road ,, at * . which , meeting fifty-five delegates were p r e sent , the f oll o w ing reso l u t ions w e r e un a nimou s l y agreed : to : — " That this meeting expresses its unqualified censure of the base and treacherous conduct of Iiord Ashley ^; in betraying tho /; factoryworkers in general , and more particularly ' the women and children ; ''— . " That this ^ meeting , after hearing the various , statements of the ^ delegates ; present , in referenceto the base and unmanly treachery of many of the old Central Committee , and of Philip Grant in particular ; look upon their conduct . with abhorrence and , disgust , and , in future , are
determine d never ag a in to trust them , and would recommend all who are really anxious to gain an efficient Jen Hours Bill to . dojikewise . "— . " That this meeting pledges itself to resist every measure infring ing on the two limits—ten ; hours per day , and fifty-eight per week—and -that it-uses every constitutional me a ns to a s sist Lord Jo hn M an ners i n h is noble , and praiseworthy : efforts to ' obtain : an . efficient Ten Hours Bill . "— " That a petition be adopted by this meeting , signed by the Chairman , and forwarded to Lord John Manners for presentationr to tho House of ' Commons ;"—" That the best .. thanks of . this meeting are due'to Lord John Mariners , George
Banks , Esq :, and others ; who have kindly consented to p lead our - cause . in parliament ,. and gain for iis that protection ! which is . so cssential ' to our moral and sochil welfare . ' / - ^ -- ' That in . the event of a general election taking place , this . mceting pledges itself to use every exertion to return parties p ledged ^ tb support t h e T c n 'Hburs -B'U . "— " That this meeting approves of the strai ghtfortvard and . manl y course pursued by the Ijahcashirc Central Committee for the Teu Hours Factory Act , meeting in . 27 f Blobin-§ lrcet ;; Portland-street , Manchest e r , and pled ges to give :-them its warmest support , so long . as they maintain their present honest and true adherence to tho Ten Hours Bill . "— " That a district committee
be appointed to meet ,- as occasion may require , to carry out the spirit and intentions of the . above . "" That the foregoing resolutions ^ sent for publi c cation to the-Morning"Post , Northern-Star , London Times , and the Manchester Spectator . " —A . vot e of thanks was given to the Chairman , and tbe meeting separated . ¦ : ' .
' = " ,. '«« The Leader "And Louis Blanc...
' = " ,. '«« THE LEADER "AND LOUIS BLANC , . - TO THE EDITOR OF IHE SORTUKRS STAR . ' Sib , —At tlie Congress which you reported in last week ' s Star , an incoherent arid ejaculatqry discussion arose respecting a contemporary paper , when Mr . Stallwood—himself a member of the . Congress , and reporter , to your journal—addressed me' in these words i-r < ' Did not the Leader attack Louis Blabc ?" Ja ' ns we red . * M , , it ^ " only criticised him . " ^ ^ . He replied , . " ' I shall put it down that you confess that the Leader , did' attack' . him ; " and he has put it down accordingly in ybur last week ' s Star . ' Permit me to explain as much to those who do not Understand this mode of reporting . I am , Sir , yours faithfully , ' ; G . Hoitoake . Reaso h er Office , May 22 , 1860 .
Rights Of-Women. - ' ' ' 1 : The New Yor...
RIGHTS OF-WOMEN . - ' ' ' 1 The New York correspondent of the 'Ddily ' Mws supplies the following : —A convention , compo sed of five hundred women , recently met at- Salem , ' piiio , to consider the social , 'intellectual , and political condition of the sex . There were a president , three vice-presidents , and three secretaries ,. besides a business committee . An address was read complaining of the legal liabilities to which women are subjected , t ho w a nt of pr o t ec tion for . their l a b o ur , their inability to obtain for it afair remuneration , and the inequality of their position as component parts ofthe state . Many good speeches were made by the ladies , aud many ' spirited . letters we re r ea d
on the occasion , all of which breathed a spirit ol resistance " to the overbearing tyranny of the other sex . " The rights of women were proclaimed m a tone not to be misunderstood , and it seemed for two daysasif the men . would have to don the , petticoats , a ' nd ' the women were about to seize tlie nether furcate ' integuments of man . The resolutions passed were twenty-two in number , arid are of considerable length . " They declare that all laws which' prevent women from pursuing their ' own substantial happiness are contrary to nature ; equity , and justice ; and that ( o make them subject to laws , w i th the enactment of which they have nothing to do , is also
Rights Of-Women. - ' ' ' 1 : The New Yor...
unjust ^ that ' all . ri ghts ferb-hS courseiwespectiyeofi ' sex ^ bat 'the'SulimiB ' siori qf thesex-to ] awsmade for ; them wifhbdt their ^ bonsent , is a proof of iheif'aegradatibri-irthat , togood of the ^ i « ace dema nds : Hhe ^ exterisiori ? -bftheelective franchise to womeniitha ' t'the contrbl of their T prb-Itlv iof thS ? ' oMMhfflj > b ' yithomen . ' reduces them to the condition of slaves ; that all distinctions between men and . wbmen ; ' based ion the > difference ° i / r 5 wr 5 nS . and should be abblished ^ ""That the practise of holdirig ' women-amenable to' a
differenvstandard of propriety' arid morality-thari ' thai to whicbmen are held amenable , , is unjust and ' uhnatural , - and highly-detriinohtal to domestic and Booialvirtue and happiness . "' ' !• ¦ .. ¦¦ . - ¦ .-v . Yn -u "S ^ ^ - ^^^ M ^ n ^^ blioiin government was m fact tt'tyranny ^ that they were oppressed , taxed without representation , j degradedl and subjected tO'miseryarid crime , r In ' sh ' ort , Uhey published an addressiaridresblved to meet" annuall y until they could ohtain ^ their right ' s .-: ''¦> ¦ :: - - ' ¦ Some of them expressed their high ; satisfaction at an article on . " Wbmari ' , " which , appeared iu the Ja nu a ry number of the ' Westminster ReviewV < .- > ' i' '
The ^Gondittjon Of^England ¦ _ ';¦ " >;Y...
THE ^ GONDITTjON OF ^ ENGLAND ¦ _ ' ;¦ " >; y ; "QUESTiON . ^ ' ^ v ^ v , ' i " . "¦( Condensed from the- 'Morning @ trbnulei ) \ ; BBACE-MAEINO ^ -TIIE- ' CIIICKWEED' 3 AND : ¦' .. , . G , RUNSELI < HAWKER . ; . -. ;;; . ' : ; ^ j ¦ The . f qllqwirig partioulars were communicated by a couple visited b y the C h ronic l e ' s metro p olitan ' cbr ^ r e s p on d ent .: — ' . . -i '^' . " ! - ' . , ' . . ' . ' . ¦ ' , " '¦ +. ' . - " . "' V ' , ' . * ' • "I do brace ^ sewirig , wr india-rubber ! . ' braces , ' ' ' said the , woman . , " I stitch the straps onto ihe india-rubber , web ., I take them from a person that hasthemfromthewarehoiise . Sheisa brace-sewer as well . I don't khbw ' why I cari't have themfrom
the warehouse , I ' msure ' ., , I ' ve . - done them fbr ' this pei-son fqrthese threejeais , ' They aro given out to . her with the ; straps : piereed , read ^ 'for stitching , and sheigives . thera . biit tom ' e ' . V . I'haveSil . a ' d bien for thexommon ; ge'rierally .. what I has ' is ' cbinmbri , a nd if t h e . long strap s are s titch e d , all round , 1 hav e 5 d . a dozen ; that ' s . tho hi ghest p rice I e ver ha d , and I have , been upwards of ^ hree , years at -the business , I . can't aecqmplish ' ad ' ozeri bf the threepenny quite in : a . day . '¦ ¦ . . 1 finish' them the . next mbrn-r ing ., ^ 1 wqrkirom about eight o ' clock m thVmbrhing , arid ; I ; have ; been ; ' at work as I a te att eleven o ' clock , M night . ; . ¦ I generally ' 4 eavebh' . at , half-past eig ht or .., nine . . My ; : dayTs , work -isvalways -twelve hours—never , no . less , often more when l'mifull
employed ; . Working ,- ; twelve hbiirsV I ., cari - do . about eight ; or . nine pair in ; the , day ^ of the ' jCoriimon ,. arid half-a dozeri , pf the b ' est . in , theiamb- time ; , ' . -I cari't accoriipiish mqiotharifbiirdqzeri . bf . ; the ' . cbmtnbn ' at 3 d . in the week , vvith'doing ; for . ^^ my- little > family ^ ' as well . yqu know . Lhavo . two chitdreri--seyeri ! and ten years bld .,,-rve never , had a ' full . ' week of thebest . I d are s a y I couldn't ' do moreth ' ari' three ^ dbzeri . bf them , but I never tried . ' Myearnirigsare a . bbutls ; to Is ; . 3 | d ; every week , ; wqrkirig ' . six days ' of twelve hours .,, My , work , I should . thirik , bqs ' ts mb-thr ^ e ' -, halfpence eitrAbveryr i w ee ^^ for .. my ., eandie ^ weekly experises ' for myVork ; . then ; ' are about 2 | d . ' for cqttonrand candles " . 5 It ; . will , ; cbatfino ,: 2 ^ d . | tb earn Is . in the , week , ' -, 50 that ' all I get ( clear isOJd ' . When . 1 make ,- Is . 3 d :, . Iiusothq . j ) est : i part ., b ' f ah
ounce ; of cotton . ; . the stitched wb . rk . ' . ' taKe ' s a ; grb a t deal .,. i . thi ^ ' g . 4 t ,: pqst 8 . irie afilcas ' t ' S ' d . jt ' b . ge ' t . tliat itsuch ,. f $ m sure Lburji . ' : threbrhalfpeririy . ' worth' ! of candies extra . in ' , the . ... week . '; j My .. greatest clear earnings that I ever-made jWas Is ., ; . that i 8 , | besides all expense . .. When I ; first worked for . the ' party ' as g ives the work to trie , those-that I g et . 3 d . ai qzeh tor now were 3 Jd . ' . theri , ; and those ihat , I get 5 dV . for no ' w'were 6 d . . The price fell the summ ' er'be ' fore'last . I ' m rather , a „ quick c hand at the busiriess . 1 That ; is the extent-that 1 earn . I ' can't hardly ' tell ybu ' hbw we do . live . . upon Jit at time ' s . ' My . iihusband ' , sells chick wee d an d g runsell ,.. and gets ' , f rbni ; is . ' ' Gil . ! tb 5 s . a week .:. My . boy earns ' nothing ,- rib ' r' does Iiriy sirl . Mv little boy-did go to '; the raesed school .
but he hasn't any shoes at rireserit , 80 ' , IV h aven ' t sent -him lately . j .: Tho girl has bb . erii , " tO'a ' f ree school , but riot lately . > . To . say . the , truth / , , their clothes are so bad ' that I ' m ashamed to send ' thorii . " , I then sought -to . * ascertain- froin v ! the mari'sonie account- . of his trade ., The following , is " his ; statement :-f" I sell chickweed and grunsell , and turfs for larks . . That ! s ; all I bell , unless its a , few nettles ' that ' s ordered .,. ! . I , " , believe ' thbyfre fbjv ' teaVi . sir . ; 'I gets . the chicli . weeti . at-, ChalkFarrii . , Ipayripthing for . . it . , 1 getsjt ^ ut " of the public ; fields , j Every morningaboutseven I goes for it . The' grunsell a gentleman givesme lea . ve tq . get out of his , garden that's down Battle-bridge way , in ; the . Chalk-road , leadingto Holloway . ;; I . gets there ' every morning
abontiiine . . .-Jgoes ^ here straight . . After I ' ve got my : chickweed , I generally gathers . enough of . each to make up a dozan halfpenny bunchesij The turfs I buys .. A young . man , now , balls , here / with ' themi I pay 2 d . a . dozcn for , ~ em . to hirn ^ , . 'lie '¦ gets ' . them himself . Sbmetimes ' hb cut ' s ' em . it Kilburri Wells ; and Notting-hill he ' -goes ' -tb ' somotimes , I believe . He , hires -a ; spring barj . 'qw . weekly- to . take > them about . He pays 3 d . ' a day , I . believe ; j ' iop t l ie barrow . He sells the turfs to the bird shops , and to such as me . He , sells , a few . to soriib , private places . I , gets . the nettles , at ,, Higligiite . I don ' t do . muc h in the nettl e , line ^ -there aint ' much , call for it . . After rve ' ^ athe ' reu . my , things' I ' ., puts ' therii in my basket , and slings . feiri at my ' back , and st a rt s
round London . , Low . Marrabuii I goes to always of a Saturday and Wednes ! dayi , V I ' goes . tb St . Paricras on , a . Tuesday ., I visitJ . Clerkenwpll , ' and '' Ru ' s ' sellr , square , and round " about there , ' oii a . Monday . ' I goesdo . wnab q ut . Cqvent-garden andlhY Strand on a . Thursday . I . doe . S'Highlm , rraVun " ^ qn aTriday , because I aint ablq . " tq ) do . sb much on t ( iat , day , for I . gathers my . stuff on , thb . Friday for ' . Saturday . , 1 find Low . Mariwbua :. ihe : best ' , bf ' my beats . ' . I cry chickweed and griinsell asj / gbes along . / I ' m oiit in usual till about five Jn the evening . I never stop . to cat ., i'rii , walking all thb tinic .,, I lias my / breakfast ; afore / 1 / starts ,. / . and ' ni y tea when . / 1 comes , home . " . Hero the \ vomari shivered , j J turned / round and / found the . fire / was // quite ' opt . >; I asked them whethejr they ;/ usuall . sat without , one .. The
y answer ; was , " we most , generally ' , raise / a ipbriny ? worth , somchow j ' just tpboil the . kettle ; with . " : j ; inquired "; whether , s h e was cold , and she / iyasn't . V It was the blood /'; shc said , " that , ran / through lier like ice sometimes . " J' I am a walking / ten . hours every , day—wet or , dry , " , t ) ie . ' mari continued . ;" . I don ' t st « in . d riic / e much ; abbut ; that .. I can 't go much above one milejarid . a , half an / hour , ow i n g to my right side . being " paralyzed . . / . My / leg ., and / foot andall is quite dead .. / I goes " Syiih . a / stick . " ' , "I walk fifteen miles . over ' y ^ day of _ - my , life , that . I do ~ . quite that—excepting Sunday , , in ' . course . . ^ 1 charge id . a bunch for " the . . chickweed , ; and ' grunsb ) l /); bge ther . / The turfs js fjo / uiva ' pcn ^ is ordered / in . certain ' quantities ; I / dqriTg ' et / them
unless they ' re ordered : I sells these in three-penn'orths at a time .:. Why , Saturday is . my . best day , and , that ' s thb . reason - , why . 1 / can't sparei . time . to gather on that day . . . On Saturday . I / da'fe say . I gets rid on two dozen , bunches of •/ chick weed an q ( jgrunsell . ; Oni . the b . thb / r . days sometimes ; I goes / but and don't selllabove five or six h ' uriclies ; ' at . other / times I ; gct .. . rid , oii a dozen"j tha ' t , I-call , a , tidy day's wqrk : for . any qtherday / but / a Saturliay , and ' sbme day / s . Ii don ' tisell , asmuch . . hs a / cptiple of / hunches in-. tho . whole / day . ; JiY / edriesday is , my / riext / beBt ¦ day after Saturdaj . ' :,. On . a . ^ V / edncsd : iy \ sbmctibies X sell a dozen , and . a . half . / ..: Iri tho suromer ., I . does , much be tter t h an in the . winter ' . " -. They gives / it . mbre'to the birds then , and changes it oftcrier . ' They , are
a . grcatmany that-sella " grunsell about / the streets in- London , like I' / db . , 1 daro // say there . 'is .,. a hundred , . / arid more / nor th ^ t , tahirig . ohi ^ ' / placb With ' another . / I takes' my , nettles to / ladies ' . ' houses ' . They considers / the nettles / good / for / ttie blood , ; and drinks , ;^ euii / at tea , jnostly / in , the spi ; irig ' arid autunin . In the spring I generally sells / three tlirccperirifbrtlis of ' em a / week , arid in the / autumn about two threepen'ortlis . ; . The' / nettles are mostly taken , in Low Marrabuii . / I ' gathers nibre than allfor Great Titchfield-street . . The turfs ' I s e lls mo s tl y . in . ' Lbn ' doristreet , in Marrahun . arid John-street , " ari ' d / Carliurtbn street , arid . PorHarid-street , and . Berriers , j and all about there .,. ' ,, ! . ' sells about three dozen of turfs a . week .. I sells , tlicrivat three'and four a penny . I
charges , em three ii penny to gentlefolks .. arid ; four a penny , to tradespeople . I pays 2 d . a / dozen for ' em , and so ' makes from Id ., to , 2 d . . a dozen " out . of ' em . I does trifling" with . these in / the : winter —about two dozen a weeki , but always- three dozen in the . summer , and , about' / Tour . or five dozen / liunches / in ., the winter .., Altogether I . should say ¦ . with ., riiy regular and . chance custoiriei's / I ' mak e , ' from / is . ' to , 5 s , ; a week in the summer , an ' d from 3 s . to is . mthe /' . wiriter . / ' l ' rices haye come down , dreadful with us . ' . Th ' o sitmo / bunches as . I / sell rio / w / fprid . / I use d , to get Id . for / nine or ten years ago / . 1 darb . say . I could earn . then , take one / day with / another , / such ' , a tliirig . i ' sj 7 s . a a week , summer / arid !' wiii ' tcr // thi ough ; . ' There ' s so many at it how to what tiiero ' was aforej / that it's difficult to get a / living , and the ladies are . ver y hard with a body ,.., / They ' tries to beat me do . wn , and particular 111 , the / matter of turfs . They tell hie they can buy half a . dozen fbr Id ., so I'm" obligated / to let
' em have three , or / four . ' That ' s a favourite linnet . Wo had that qiib / stuffe ' d there . , 'A young man that I knew / stuffed , it ; for riie . I / . was ' , v / ory sorry when thbpodr thing died . // rvo . got . another little linnet up there . " "l ' ni . particular , forid of little birds , " said the wife . / / "Irievbivwas / . wbrse . off than I am now ,, I pays / 2 s / " ii / week retit , arid \ yc lias , take brie t i me wit h another , about 3 s . for the four of lis to subsist upon for . the ,. wliqlb' seven days . ; yes , that , take brio time with / another , is generally / what I do h a vef . ^ very / scldom has ; any . iriea't . / This day week ivc got a / pound of pieces . ' I gave , 4 ( l . , f 6 r ' em . Everything that will / pledgeXN'o . got in pawn . / I ' ve been obliged to let t ; hem' go . ' / I . . can 't bxa ' ctiy ' . ' say howmuch-rvegqt'iri ' pledge . / . but you can .. sec ' the tickbts . ' [ The wifq brougntbut a tin box full of duplicates . They were fbr the usual articles—coats shaws , shirts , sh e ets , handkerchiefs , indeed , almost every article of wearing apparel aud bedding . The
The ^Gondittjon Of^England ¦ _ ';¦ " >;Y...
Sum ' s / lent'wbre mbstly Od ;•" ¦ ' nhd'flrl . - Vwh ,- ' i « ¦ - '"• asHi g > a 2 ^ -T ) ibteof „& ^ and tliesb / had hee ' nbaoked for thrSmoKv' ^ been paving , interest ? for manvbf . the thin ^ . there fotsdyen years . Ipay for " the 'backing 2 i ° d S isMd ;; rfor , : the backingsand ^ d . ^ fq ? fehtee months' interests -The greatest comfort I should like to have' would , he something / more on our beds We laydreadful bold / of a nighty on account of being thin clad . - Ihaye rib petticoats , at all . ' . \ Ve have no blankets—qflate years Ih ' aye ' nt had any . The warm clothing-would ; be the greatest bles s ing I c o ul d ask . I ' m " not-ntl all discontented at ; my lot . That wquldrirt mend it . ¦ , We str i ve an d . do- tho best we can , ' and may us well be contented over it . . I think it God ' s willweshould be as we are . Providericeis kind to me , evenba ' dly off as we are , I-knowitsall for ^ the best . " ; ; . " - ; ' ' ' : ; •• •¦¦ NUMBER AND EARNINGS OF THE METRO-:-POLITAN NEEDLEWOMEN . - ; :
"According to the Occupation Abstract of the Qovernmeht ' , Report on the' Population of Great Britain '; , there were of— ¦ ' SeamsWsseB and Seam-r „„ „ ,. „ ,,, „„ * -fmt- wero ; ' ¦ 8 ters . ;; ......- ........ j . fi 9 , of whom 5 . G 02 J female ^ rirU' % '[ - - '' ¦ '" ' '¦ ' : ' ' ( undergo . DittoShirt .. ;; .. ; ... ; . 382 , , j 332 „ Slopworkers , .,... ; .... 254 . ; . „ . 196 ¦ „ , Stay and Corset makers 1 , 753 „ 1 , 329 „ Stock ( men ' s ) . makers ,.. 356 " 230 „ Straw bonnet and strasy ; , ' . ;' '• hat-makers ...... . .. .. 1 hin > ' - ' 1 ai ' o Glovers ,.. ;;; . ;; ...., - ..:. 077 - ; 331 ' - Furriers . ; .... ..,..,... . lj 236 . . ¦ - -, ; ¦ Embroiderers ...,. ; .... 692 AM Cup makers and dealers 549 - ,, ' 272 ' ' ! . ' /' Uonnetmakers ........ , 417 ' '/ ,, 1 , 030 . „ ¦ '¦ - ' : ' ¦ ' - / ' ' / . ' 14 , 004 li ; 394 If ' we add to these the .: . ' '' . dressmakers and milli . .. ¦ ¦ .-. . ners ............... i /^ ao ; ' , 17 , 183 We have . the . totalimm ^ ' ; ; " ¦¦ ' " " \ " : ¦ ¦ - " ¦ " ''¦'¦¦ // h er ....... ; ... _ ! . ; .... ' . 85 . Q 84 ' -- ' ¦ -i _ ' ; 28 , 577 /' : ¦ i i'Prbnv ' the above 35 , 084 we -must deduct those who arein business for themselves , and these according ;^ the "London Post Office Directory " for I 860 ,. are- .. / .,. . '; . : ; w ^ ' J : S : :.:.. ' ¦ ¦' . ¦ , Sliiri'innkers . ';" . i .... i . ' .. .-. ; . ' , ¦ .. ... ; ......,.. / ... 58 Stay andCorset makers ...............-.,.... ; ..,. 265 Stock makers .... ; ,.. i . ; . r . - ;' ; 25 Straw bonnet and straw hat makers .............. 35 C Glovers ... ......... ; ..... ' ............ 67 Furriers ,.. ; „ .....,. / .. ' . . 144 Embroiderers - . ; . ; ...: ' ...... ; .. ;; .. .. ... ;; ... ;; ,.. - •'•' ¦ 38 Cap makers .... . ...,. ' .. ,.... >; ..........,,...... •• • 47 Bonnet makers , milliners ; ' and dressmakers ...... . 1 , 080 t- ' , 11 A- \ Ji-i'W ' -r / 'l : ^ :: //; "'' > ' i ( . /; J-i "¦/ ; 2 , 055 '/ . ' . / A / r id' , 2 , 055 / ded ' uotecl /' f ' rom 3 5 , ^ 84 leaves 33 / , 520 as / ihe ' : gross bumber ' of'individuals ; engaged in needlework , ' arid slopwork throug h o ut Lon d on of w h om c ' onsiderably more , than three-fourths , ; or ; rib less' . than / . ' 28 , 577 , ' are fema l es un d er 'twenty / years ofage , ; , . ^ - ' . /•; ,., - "; - ' . ";; ; / . ;; : ;; , ,: ' ;/¦ ¦¦ ' ; ' .- ' , The earnings of . ' all the above , classeshayo beeri 'investigated , ' with ' the / bx ' ce p ti b n ' of . the ; Milliners and /; Dres 8 maker , s . ' - These being / ' somewhat / ' / better pajd / thari -the ' . ' . ' generality- of other needlewomen ; I have purposel y jdeferred all / inquiry into the prices given , tb . 'therii / till '' another ; arid / more fitting- beca ^ siqn . '" , ' . Sb'th ' at '; , ; deductiiig these , we may safely say there , are 13 , 0 / 00 engaged . in ' slopwork and the / lower grades / of needlewbrlc , / of / whom li ; 304 are . female ' s undefttwerity years of age ; ¦ //// . / ; . ' . / : / : ' . v ' ";
And as rogards'the' average earnings of this large body . qf individuals , acoor di ng . tqthe accounts " that have been ¦ furnished to me / by the workpeople , . the average , ' . cfeaf / income // . of . the shirtmakersV blouse , trbwsers , waistcoat , and , oth e r 'hands appears ; to be frbiri 2 sl ,. Gil ., to . / Ss . / 6 jl ; ,. ex c lu s i v e of t ' rjminings . ' As / I / said / . b / efqre , / thesoaccbuhts / had beeh / tested , whenever / it was possibles / by the books of thef emp lo y ers 'themselvcs . -iri . which ' . the earnings bfthbbpera " tives // are . s , et " . down , / by the ' master ; arid recently four / mbre / bboks / have' been ; placed in my hands , from which' the fo . Ho wing results have been obtained : —Account , No . T / extends oyer a / period of thirtyone weeks . / . ' . In the bourse bf / this time £ 7 lis . 3 Jd . has ^^ been carried ( at the . b > st / kin . d qfshjrt work ;// i'his gives ah average of 4 / s ' . 'iOJd . per week // " Frbni this
the . expense / of cotton 'at the ; least has to' be deducted , // which / leaves , 4 s . / . ' 4 Jd . ' as the clear weekly , g a ins ; for ' upwards of half a ; ' year ! ' Abcourit Nq , / 2 is ' f or the . m ' aking of Pliishing coats , arid for this work 15 s . 'has been . earried . iri / four / weeks , which , gives an average of , 3 ^/ 9 d . / , a / week / or , deducting trinimings a b out , 3 s . / as , the / clear , weekly iriebme .- Account No .., 3 . is for shirts ,, like . No . 1 ; and / rims over five month s ' . ' .: During this time ., ' £ 2 17 s . 7 d .., has been received , which g ives , 2 s . 10 jd ., ' ordcduc / tingcptton , 2 s . 4 Jd ., as the clear earnings per week . The . last of these ' accounts , ' extending overaperiod ofjess than a year , . amounts to its . 9 d „ which has been gained . at trbwsers , work ; infi ' fteen ; weeks , ; and ' so gives Is . 2 d ' . / p / er \ febk ; a 8 the average earnings ' . But deducting triaimihgs , the clear gains would be only
8 d ., per week for , tho whole , of that time ; The defect however , of all .. t . he / abbve ' acc 6 xmtsis , 4 hat they are nbt / bf " a s / ufficic / rit / duration to admit ' of our arriving at a / fair . average ;/ The particulars . are too few , to allow / us '' to / . generalize ' , with safety-on / the subject ; I " . sought , therefore , / for some Other . statement , which , exten / dm ^ bver many years , would enable / me to draw / conclusiohs / with ' something like certainty , both as / to the cu ^ periods at , which the business was . brisk andi slack " , throughout each year . Such a statement . was most difficult to / , be . found '; , but . at length , ; after an infinity of fruitless Linqiiiries , I was able to obtain an ; account of ' the , ' , eariiirigs of " two females , { working together f ^ q ' r- a period offbur years . // The very fact of keep ; - irig such : iin . accqurit . siiows , a . habit' of priidence
which , stari / i / p / s / the . individuals asbeing fai ' above the ordinary ruhVof needlewomen j . lahd ; moreover , they worb / g ' eberally . employed / at / a class of work ( drawhboiiri' etimaking ) .,: which , is much bettor , paid thari either . / the ' . trbwsers / or / : shirt . / wofk-i-indeed ,- it ' was possible for each of them ; by . sitting up as many as three / nights in / the / week , to / carii 10 s . / by . ' rsuch means- ; < and . ' it . was . / only . when ; this better-class of work" iyasiiot to b / e ; . obtained , ' , that thoy resorted to " tvbws ' 6 r , s work " . ' aa / . / a . me a ns . jbf / living . / Hence . it will bb / sccri ; that' theresjiltVlctw : as . it is--must still bo above the'in ' combi of the brdiriary / needlcworiien . It , is necessary . ! , should add , that the parties furnishing thb a ccount are mo s t in d ustrious and sober persoris , ; Working ; frequeritiy'their ' twenty hoursa daV in the summer ; often sitting up all night engaged
at / work . ' , / Their statement shows ; that after paying their , . r e nt , /' all these " two' workwomen' had left . to purchase food / and / clothing was , throughout the year - 1840 , fourpence . fdrthing :, cs . en -per day-fthroiigho ' ut ,. the ' jyear ; 1847 , ^^ ' jJAr ^ enw ^ a ^ eiijiy ^ throughout the year 1848 ,- ' tivopence halfpenny—and throughout / the . present ' , year , ' twopence halfpenny also .. - To-get this ' a mount each ; it should-, be remetribered that ' . they' had to work from ' eig hteen to twenty hours every day , ' including Sundays . In pyery ' year , 'they told-me , there a re gener a lly seven months ; and / at tlic ' very least six / that they cannot pay ' rent , ' ; arid during the other ' six ' mbrithsthev b avb . 4 o work / night and day in order to clear ; off the back . rent / . They c a n 't go into a , / better lodging , because they . can ' t get credit for the winter
months . . The . room is taken furnished ; - It is a small attic , seven feet'square without any fireplace , and / several . panes are ' gone" from' thb windows . There is scarcely any furniture : orilybrie chair . The , other , party lias . to sit on the bed .- They pay 2 s . 6 d . a week . The first winter they came the landlady ,, insisted on . having her rent every week , ' and / that wiriter / they / werp three months and-never had a . bit ^ of breadj . nbt a cnimbjto / eat . They used to '/ live . / bn / Zoatmeal altogether . Frcqiieritly '• they had . apenuyworthbetween thonifortlwwhbleday . After :. tbb ; first year tlio landlady , having had ex- , p . ericricb , of . their honesty , . allowed them to go on credit duririg . tlie winter . , ; Iri 'fact / , they were obliged tq / allow their ' re n t to , go 12 s . 9 d . in arrear the first / winter / of all . But they paid it dire / ctly
they had work , and . since . then the landlady never tro ' tibles ' thqm . during ' / the ; winter for the rent-7-nover , indeed , ' ' asks for it . She is satisfied that they / will pay it directly they can ,. They are convinced that no brie else . would do the sunio thing , for ' their landladyi svery k i nd ; to t h em , and allows them the occasional use Of lier fire . They , never go in debt / for anythirig but their rent ; If they haven ! t got ' moiiey they gewithoufc—never run credit for anything to oat / .- / If they ' have anything to pledge , they'get their , food that way ;; ' arid if / they arb . quito Vup . / Varid'lm ' ve ' nothingtopl c dge , ' ' . why ihcri . ' . ' . said one / of the poor old creatures , smi l ing tb 'hib" ''' Zwo starve : yes ; we ' re obliged to it . We'd rather do that thari go in debt . ^ Wb should always be thinking about it . I ' m sure , last winter the rent
we owed was always in my head . When I went tq bed'and when-1 got up , I was afraid we should never rub it off . " Ouo of the parties is an old maiden women ; and theqthcr a widow ; - The one is 43 , years ,, and the bther 54 . They have , becn working together seven years . " Thb widow w / as m better circumstances , -fier / hu ' s band was a farmer in Yorkshire , and her father was a verylargo farmer in tbc'samo-coiinty . Q'he ' maideii - ' women was f o rmerly in , servic e ; ^ now she is-afflicted-with the lumbago , and ; is / able orily" ; tb / work ' at her needle . Tb-day she is ' washing , a ^ niKslio will be ill for two or three days afterwards .- ; Tho t'wb . of them have ' for thirty hours been without fobd . Always ^ diirmg
winter they are very badly off—they'havescarqely any food at'hill /; their principal nourishment > at that tiriio is ' oatmeh ) . ' They have frequently pawned eveyytljing . they had that the pawnbrokers woul d l e nd an y ' thing upon . ' ' . ¦ ' ¦ .. ' "In tlie summer thoy get as many things as they can out of pawn again ; arid they sjt . up night and day / toiling to pay their winter ' s rent score ; rhey say that t h ose w h o g e t their , living by needlework riiust , they are ' convinced , do the sameas thoy do ; thoy are s atisfied ' ' ther 6 are , thousands m London who st a rv e , get' Into ' dbbt . and pledge regularly every winter , and then slave night and day in the summer to pay their debts and redeem their clothes again . This is the industrious necdkivoman ' s reguh r
The ^Gondittjon Of^England ¦ _ ';¦ " >;Y...
life . Thefcansayso of their own-knowledge . They have heard ' numbers say / so . ' This summ e r t h ey paid off as much as £ 7 .. bf hack rent > and in orderlto do this , they have worked regularly for six months 18 and 20 hours a day , ' Sunday arid week-day . Theyoften h ' ave '; sat ; the'two of-them ; arid -worked from dayli ght at ' three o ' clock in tbemprhing .. They have , got up at two to do their o ' vhjf . little domestic work , so , that . they began' work immediately it is daylight ,- and they-have worked on , frequently with only one cu p of t e a , throu gh the whole day , till eleven at night ; They never burn ' a candle but when they have work to do—they can't afford it ; and they never have a fire , even in the depth ' of winter . And after all this toil , ' suffering , and privation , their rewar d / is two-pence-halfpenny- a , { To he Continued . ) '• . < ¦ - ^
Conference Op The National A ' Ssociatio...
CONFERENCE OP THE NATIONAL A ' SSOCIATION OP UNITED TRADES . - - ' ¦ 'i-. i The sixth annual conference of this body commenced its sittings on Monday morning , when < the proceedings jwere merely of a formal and preliminary character . The conference re-assembled on Tues d ay forenoon , at ten o ' clock , in the ' offices i of th e associ a tion , -Tbttenham-court-road , for the dispatch of business ! Delegates were present from Birmingham , Stourport ; Kidderminster , Northw i oh , nM other towns . ¦ ¦ ' )' - •¦' ¦ ^ ¦ ! '¦¦ > ¦ ¦¦ ~<* t
¦ I ; S . DuNcpstBK , Esq ., M . P ., the president , , waa received with the warmest manifestations of esteem arid affection by the delegates ,-on his taking the chair . He said , Gentlemenyl avail myself of your annual meeting to express my unabated-interesfcfin thb welfare of the trades ofthis country ; and at' the same time to explain my present views as to . the position ofthe association ; and my own cbrinbxioa with it . ' ¦ The op inions , objects , and expectations , which / induced me to accept the presidency of the association , arid to identify myself with this movement , were fully stated in the address , deliveredito the National / Conference of Trades ; which assembled in the Parthonium ; ' in Easter , 1845 .- Looking at the large number of delegates who attended that confeof
rence Troiri' eyery ^ part the , kingdom , 1 and ; a e variety , ef trades ; occupations , -and industrial interests represented by . them ,-1 was naturally led ; to anticipate the most beneficial results from the Extensive union among the-trades of the United Kingdom , of whichthat assembly -seemed -to-- beiithe pie'bursof . / ' ¦ Ih- 'brder that thafi union might ) be based upon equitable and comprehensive princi pl e s , aridithrit'the machinery of the association mighttbe simple but efficient , and adequate to' all the varied requirements of the industrial classes , theformatiou of a constitution -was entrusted to ' - ' a Provisional Coriimittee of their most experienced friends . .. Provided with the most ample materials for-forming a sound conclusion as to the nature and extent ofthe
moyeriierit , and the cpmplex r and' differing eleinenta of which it was / composed , that committee finall y produced ari elaborate and carefully digested'constitution for . the , association , ] which : was -submitted to , ' arid approved "by a ' s econ d conference in 1845 , r iearly as riutrierbus ; quite as varied in its ' eoinpositipn , " and as far / as the numbers represerited-i-even more / powerful than ' - 'thb finitiatoryi conference in Easter . JJrider that constitution- l- 'acceptediithe office of Presiderit- . -in' the hope tb ' at ; throughythe cordial uniori and assistance of the-Jtrades / them-Belves " , my / anxtOus , and , earnest , and sincere desire for ' the / elevadonand . im ' prqvement " of the working classes might be ' realised . -In-my : first' addres / s I thus' ex ' pr ' essedthe view" ! entertained 'of the subject
and / ofmy / bwri duty . with reference' to-it > : ^ -f ;' One arid / aHadriiit the vast increase that has takeriipla ' ce in tlie national . wealth , while-they' ' are compelled also to admit your legitimate-title to a share of it , butby / sbmeinexplicable deficiencyih'whatmaybe called the-. divislori of legislation , all have : failed to put you iti possession of -your admitted rights . ; H then , as rib man oan deny- that the genius and ' . industry of our people have given rise to a vast accumulation of national wealth , arid if the princip le of professing philanthropists-bo- true ,- that you-are pre-eminently entitled to your share , lean characterise this assembly no otherwise than as the new born -genius , . of , -Eng land , rig hteously , > peaceably , boldly , arid honestly looking for its share of'the
proper tythat itself created , while your -willingness to submit your social claimstOi'b / e arbitrated upoa by others / must convince , even / y bur tr a duc e r s . that jour demands lire so just , that you . are in d ifferent as . to the character or the tribunal ; to whose-judgment they / shall be-subniitted , If you seo pru d ence safety , arid success , in the course that I have pointed out , as I never recommend what I am spot prepared to attempt , and believing your cause to be just , your motives to be honourable , arid-yourcobjeets desirable , I-shall hold myself in increased estimation , if I cari be instrumental ' either -within or without the walls of Parliament iii advancingyour interests . " ; In this spirit I coritinued todevote-my time arid energies to the association , until ill-health
compelled riie to relinquish- personal attendance , to that and all other public business / For , upwards of , two years and a / half I . h a ve ' therefore'been little tr ore -than the nominal president i of vthe association . Atititervals I havebeen abletoigive a few . hours attention toitsbusiness , and from time to ' . time ' deputations from the central , committee have visited me to confer upon-partibular-questions —occasionalreports as to the proceedings -and < positiori of the nssbciati 6 n , have also been made to . ine ; but , gentlemen , these fbfrn- ' a vfery imperfect substitute for that efficient arid' practical knowledge of afP . iirsi which can alone be -acquired ; by everyaday and / actual participation in then )/ - From - whatever ca use it ha s arisen , I cannot' conceSl froni myself
that ; the association has failed to realise the- ^ perhaps iinduly—high expectations I had formed of its operation . '' ( Hear ,. hear . ;) : -How much of-this falling off has been owing to external , ; and bow muoh to internal / causes , I atn-nbt bow in a- position to judge ;' . But » the . ' fact appears-to me- indisputable , that the association has , failed to acquire ,. - arid to wbild that . powerful and ¦ natipnal i ; i . nfluerice -it . iwa 8 intended it should ; - Gentlemen , in the letter-Ii addressed to the conference Jast year , Iqbserved / ithai it is , " but ' natural to expect ebbs and flows irp the t i de of pu b lic O p inion , and in the amount of support tlie associatibrimay receive , arising from causes altogether extrinsic toits own meritsarid ' cnpabilities for attaining its obiects . " ' '( Hear . ) Judging ' ifrom
the data presented by the . report of the central tommittee , I ' also expressed ari opinion that the reasons then assigned by them for-the falling off . in a financial poitit of view ,. did not imply any ' real orpormdncrit . decline 'in'the influence of : tho association among . the working classes , and that when the stagnation in industry would permit the trades to resume active coibperatiori , they Would do so . The question is ,-: how far these views and expectations have ; 'been realised during , the past year . If the power of ; tho trades'to support the association were measured by the revivalof business in ailthe . principal industrial districts , the addition ot numbers and subscriptions must have been very largo .- ' Ido not find by , tiro report of the central committee that this has been tlie
case . But at the same time ' ¦ I am jgratified to obs e rve , that ever ' since the last conference , the income has been steadily—if not' rapidly ; or largelyaugmented . ( Applause . ) ' The last return made to me shows that this gradual improvement continues in rather more than the ratio it has done for the previous three or four months . By acting upon the adviceTgave last year , and by economy in thainternal management o f t h e o ffi ce , it > would appean' that the income has been . fully equal to tho expenditure during thbpast year / in addition to paying off some small liabilities . The course of steady and quiet organisation which has within the last -few : months gradually arid continuously auemerited the numbers and the income of the association may , in the course
ofthe ensuing year , m connexion with a rigorous l economy , d b more th a n th a t , and after paying off t other butstanding . liabilities , to' commence a reserve 3 fund . I can never consider . the association in a safe 3 or satisfactory position until this is the case . ( Hear , ' , hear . ) But lifter all , gentleirien , it is > a gravequea- 1-tion—what does the association hold out to the e trades in return for their subscriptions ? -And are e its benefits of such a character as to secure , in . in future , that extended and national co-operation in which the association was originally formed to pro- >• mote ? ( Hear , hear . ) I observe , th a t in eonse- equeRce of . the relinqaishment of all other operations , s , arid the stead y concentration of theeriergies-of the 10 central committee upon the mediatorial duties in in
eases of trade disputes , that a considerable number bp of these disputes have been satisfactorily adjusted , d , with due reference to the interests of both , parties , is . This is the most grat ifying aspect in ; which your ur operations can be viewed ; ( Cheers . ) Every m- nstance in which a peaceable and impartial ^ BetlJe- . ement of claims is obtained , which might , otherwise ise have led to an embittered and protracted strike , i s is a testimony to the sourid principle on-whwh the he association is based . ( Cheers . ) -The question is , is , how far the trades can nationally-be-induced to to adopt the principle and co-opfcrate with you ? : i I am « U afraid that they are too unstable ,-too much isolated , id , and too divivided among themselves , to give it that mt f ul l a n d e ffi c a c ious d evelopment which a ' national aal concentration of their common , energies and re-resources would naturally - and necessarily create , ite .
( Hoar . ) As far as I can judge from the report and md . thobalanco sheet which has been submitted to me , the the central committee , during , the past year , haveaotedted , with economy and prudence . ( Hear . ) J . entirelyely approve of their confining themselves y / chin theiriebr legitimate sphere of industrial and ; social actioutioa . a l one , arid abstaining from corporate interferoncancei in all political struggles . ( Hoar , hear . ) The good ; oodl effect / of lightening the permanent expenses . ot the tha association-have been evident during the past year . ear . I'trust that the experience- already . gained -in this thia direction , " will bb sufficient to cause , the confercneamee and tho central committee to persevere in-the sameame policy . In too' many instances the working classlassi associations' break down under the pecuniaryiarji weight of establishment expenses they are calleolled upon to bear , and which are out of all proportiotttion
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), May 25, 1850, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_25051850/page/7/
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