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s«fimsuBKBadjill^ x 0.,,,TH4^PJtty;KERN....
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*-"-•*-" - iHB CHIEPTAIir. f« farrtoa th...
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TBE ITALIAN SUHHOKS. Tip, up! to the res...
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jRebieto*
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Jtrs Bay net's Knitted Lace Chemisetu St...
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The 'Botile.'-TMs is the title of a seri...
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~~ lpuujr fi®ttltlr-
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LETTERS ON GRAMMAS. No. 5., .
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* Joint stock company is ona where each ...
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produced-far belowthe r quantitfdemande^...
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# The exporter of a sheep, a lamb, or a ...
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¦ , : POPE KITS THE NINTH, ^ A mwtlnjr o...
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The BuTteiNO UovEnNMENT.—The system of b...
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^^ MteteUma^
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:Lou Moirm.aT ,H b Coubt op Mraicir.-Tht...
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
S«Fimsubkbadjill^ X 0.,,,Th4^Pjtty;Kern....
s « fimsuBKBadjill ^ x 0 .,,, TH 4 ^ PJtty ; KERN .... STAR . .
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Soctrfc
*-"-•*-" - Ihb Chieptaiir. F« Farrtoa Th...
* - " - •* - " - iHB CHIEPTAIir . f « farrtoa thedmofmuiyathonghtleia etowa ; tin tThere « n grow mad , u fortune makes them proud f » f « r from a world , where aU to wealth aspire , An And toil for gold their wants do not require ¦ gt y « r from till passions of this wicked age , tn Where eVry coxcomb thinks himself a saga , 0 ' < O'Coanorliv'a . Kmotefiramvulgareyaa , An Andstadfed wisdom , to make others wise : Se sUsohrM to labourfor the people ' * right , Tl The cause of Freedom was hisule delight ; Bi Be felt all wrongs , deplorM the cruel fate ,
Tl That made man vassals of the Chorea and State , B"i B"e thought no nations ever thsnld endure ¦ $ > 5 or tamely hear the Qli themselves might cure ; H He saw in . nature ' s universal plan , 31 3 Ian was not made to be a slave to man :. 5 Ho , no , said he , these truths to me are dear , T The rich and poor to God alike are dear ; T "The sun was made o ' er rich and psor to shine , J And Mammon ' s Church can sever be divine ; T The people ' s limbs should wear no gaffing chain , 1 And State religions are cali'd Christ's , In vain ; 1 3 Toruin'd empires totter to decay , ! TiU Freedom ' s sons to tyranny give way .
He class dthsse rules , defin'deach sacred thought , Aud thousands wondtr'd at the lore he taught * j " Expert , alike , the tonyue or pen to wield , ] He gain'd the vanquish'd , as he won the field , ' "Tfee heart iurrender'd . while he fon ht the foe , . . And Freedom triuraph'd in each manl y blow ! Sublime in all , and eloquent at will , He added nature te the artist's skill , £ md te tha poor , benevolent to all , He was a favourite to great and small . Such is the man , whose name makes Britain ring Whom millions love , and friendly poets sing -Great is his worth , immortal be his name , He toils for Freedom and forgets his fame ; Beyond ambition , in bis modest sphere ,
He grows more bumble , as he grow * more dear , Content with little and devoid of pride , His wants are few , and easily supplied TTnawM by power , be defends bis cause , And smiles alike at censure or applause : He steers bis course , sore te obtain hlsends . Forgets all wrongs and makes his foes bis friends , He knows the wise all injuries receive , And make men better , when they fools forgive ; The son of martyrs , he can well endure The tyrants' hub , the people's wrongs to curt ; Hold in the field , be , too . a captive fell , And jacctifitd the prison and the cell ; Bat Freedom's « an captivity defies . And mast through teirpretsand through clouds arise Mid cannot veil tic bright snd haUow'd ray That shines through bonds ?* , to Jigtt op the day . " Win are ihecfs .-tta of -Ji-j humanmir . 4 To filter reason or to chain the tkind .
" The bomb must barst . the cannon ' s tsocthmastroar , Though thousands perish for what all deplore-As wall might kings the sta r * take dawn by force , Or stop the torrent in its rapid cocks . As bind the meo , determin ed ts be free , Or check the progress of Democracy . ¦ Go , seize the eagle , winging through the air , Aud ask the bird , why it dare venture there ? Betard fond mother * , in their homeward flight , Drink op the sea , and turn the day to night , But , do not tempt , by fetters te , eontronl , The aspirations of a noble aonl , It scons your chains , and will your terrors brave , Do what you w 3 L it cannot be a slave . Ho , no , you cannot change the vast decree , That tsark'd this man for some great destiny—The great Apostle , on his work intent , Despises death , and laughs at punishment , His banner ' s floating , and his Sag unfurled , The Wcs' ern Moses shall redeem the world .
On Scotland ' s heights to-day the hero stands , Proclaiming Freedom , with uplifted bands ; Each valley echoes , and each mountain rings "With all the tidings that the Chieftain brings . AU they who bear forget the servile chain , . And hope . long banishM , lifts her bead again ; Thousands on thousands crowd , a countless clan , Tog » ze , with wonder , on this mighty nun , And , standing round , our modern sage to bear , Evince their joy , with many a heartfelt tear ; Hone can resist the great magician ' s art , So veil bespeaks , so wells he ¦ wins the heart , All hang with wonder on bis Spa , while some . Forget the past , to think on days to come . ( To be continued . ) Hxmt . Gracchus , gentleman London , Sept . 20 th , 1817 .
Tbe Italian Suhhoks. Tip, Up! To The Res...
TBE ITALIAN SUHHOKS . Tip , up ! to the rescue , yo nations , all , rally , Hear yonot on tbe breeze the accurst Huu ' srsreiCe , From Ferrara , where lasso , a prisoner long , Toured forth ia tbe dungeon tbe patriot's sooff ! Up ! menof Bavenna ! Dante ' s spirit Is near ; Up ! Borne ! for Etenri draws forth sword and spear , The Sratiinnsneatb for tfceir country , their sword ; Then rise ! for the tocsin of freedom is beard . Come , Venice ! awaks from thy in-lorious grave , Blind Dsadoto calls from Byzantium ' s wave ; Harms . Faliero stamps in tbs Place of St Mark , Will ye still sleep in slavery , abject and stark !
-Come . Staples ! the gallant , tbe 'beauteouB , tbe gay ; Jfasanlello ' * brave spirit is irith yoa to-day- j Shall tbs hie land where satore ' a best worts bare beea done , Be forever tbeprsy ef tbe Austrian and . Han ? Come , Mantua ! the princely , came Turin ! tbe proud ; Come , Padua ! tho learned , come Trieste ' s crowd ; . -Come all to * tbe rescue , ' gainst Ketteraicb's power , . All Italy calls ye—aow , now , is tbe boor ! Trust ye not in princes ! tberr words are but frail ! They change with tbe compass ! they drive with the gale ! Timt but in yourselves , if ye ever would b » "A land bothin deed , as ia nams tbe most free .
Up ! Italians , rally , ' lis Ixbtrty calls , IFrom Cape Spartif ento to Aseona ' s walls ; From Keggio , from Parma , from Lucca is beard , The voice of a nation for combat prepared . Ob ! think on your enemies" deeds ere ye met , yever Poland , and Cracow , " or Tarnow forget ; Tbe shrieks of tbe tortured coma over tbe gala ~ , Their fate waits upon ye , if like them ye fail . Then success unto Pius , and to Italy's sens , Bise , and drive o ' er the frontier tbe Austrian Hun ; And gladly , and proudly , we'll hail oa our shore , Tbe day when Italia ' s a nation once more . AlFSED FEBTlTEtt .
Jrebieto*
jRebieto *
Jtrs Bay Net's Knitted Lace Chemisetu St...
Jtrs Bay net's Knitted Lace Chemisetu Stomacher JieceivtBooL London : Simpkin and Marshall Gravcsend : 6 . J . Bajnes , Berlin Depot , 60 , Windmill-street , Graveeeud . . This little volume is entirely unique in its design * which are of the most elegant and recherche desenption . Nothing can surpass the appearance of tie Shield and Grot Stomacher , whioh is * one of the three contained in this little sixpenny Toluaae . It bears the elesestresemblan . ee to antique lace we have yet seen , and we must congratulate Mrs Baynes on the tact and skill aha displays in catering for the public .
The 'Botile.'-Tms Is The Title Of A Seri...
The 'Botile . ' -TMs is the title of a series of eight plates , designed and etched 6 y Mr George Crnickshank , in which the progress and result of drunkeanegs are illustrated by the artist in his best manner . In the first place the wretched * hero ' of the tale induces his wife 'just to take a drop ? the result is immediate , for in plate the second they pawn their clothes to support the bottle . * In plate the third an execution is in the house , bat they " comfort themselves with , thebottie . ' The consequences are natural , or rather unnatural—violence , brutality , habitual drunkenness , quarrels , and eventually murder . The wife is killed , and the husband consumed to a lunatic asylum—in other words , the
bottie has'done its work , ' and all is misery and despair . As a work of art these plates are deserving of much praise ; there are a freedom of style and a xugged vigour of design which are valuable and impresdre . As a warning against intemperance in the ctess in which , unfortunately , the vice is most prevalent , these prints can scarcely fail of having the same effect as the celebrated series by Hogarth . * mHmtt . New Postage Siamh—Two new stamps , representing postage stamps of 10 d . snd Is . each , are being prepared at Somerset Ueose . The Is . stamps are ready for issue , and the proof of the lOd . one has been approved of by the authorities . -Both stamps are of the compressed octagonal fonn , th 3 same width
as the embossed'heads ' upon the envelopes now in use , but rather deeper than such stamps . The profile of her Majesty , which is most accurately drawn , and exquisitely engraven . Is deeply sunk in the die , and consequently it stands out in hold relief . Kound the profile are the words , * Postage , One SWHtng , or « Postage , Tenpenee , ' as the case may be . The colour of the one shilling stamp is green , and it is intended for those of tenpenee to use a brown ink or composition . The stamps are struck on sheets of twenty each , for the convenience of purchasers , and well backed with adhesive matter . These stamps will be valuable for parcels and foreign letters . They are not to be confined to foreign letters , out may be indiscriminately used for inland , ship , oriereign postages , where the demaadof the office , either far transit or weight , reaches the amount
repre-TflntD Ton of Ashmj —Mr Granville Harcourt , M . P ., ud the Dowager Countess Waldegrave ( daughter of Mr Braham ) are to be married on the 3 d October . This will be the bride ' a third appear taw at the altar .
~~ Lpuujr Fi®Ttltlr-
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Letters On Grammas. No. 5., .
LETTERS ON GRAMMAS . No . 5 ., .
TO THE WORKING CLASSES . Mt Mia Faiaans , ; Having considered the pwunariSes of the different parts of speech , we new come to the changes which take place in some of them . The article admits but of one change , which I have before noticed ; namely , using An instead of ^ . before a , £ , 1 , 0 , 11 , or tbe silent H , In all other respects ft ^ uuchugeatiie ! we say a mm , a mman , the person , the people .
There are two sorts of names or nouns : those which , we give to all things of the same kind , and those which are used only to some persons or things . Forinstance . if speaking of me you would call ma a woman , and this name applies equally to every other female : but the name which belongs ; particularly to myself \ s Matilda , and though some other women are so called , yon know that all are not ; so that this name Matilda is proper or peculiar to me , whereas woman is common to myself and all others . Nouns , therefore , are divided on ' y into these two kinds , common and proper . Common Nouns are those that are the names of all things of the same kind : such are eiYy , river , house , tree , oak , elm .
Proper Nouns are names which belong only to some one , or more of a kind , and are used to show particular persons or places , All names of persons and places , therefore , are proper names : London , Thames , Buckingham Palace , Hermes Odc , ia IFtnoT tor Park , are all proper nouns , because they belong not to all persons or places , but only to certain ones . Whenever you write a proper noun you should begin it with a capital letter .
All Nouns have three different kinds of change ; that is , there are three modes of altering or adding to them to express different things ; thus the Common nana ,. Man , which stands for one man , is changed into Men when we wish to express more , aud this change expresses a difference in the num . her . The three changes express Number , Gender , and Case . ^ Number is the difference between one and more than one . There are , therefore , two numbers , the singular , which speaks of one , and tha plural , which means two or any greater number . ' The man , which is singular , makes us only think of one , but if we say , ' the men / we know at once that there are more .
The plural of a noun is formed , generally , by making some change ia the singular ; sad to enable you to make these changes accurately in writing I will give you a few very easy rules . , 1 st . The most common way of forming a plural is , by adding s to the singular ; thus to , express more , than one book , you would write 2 ooirV / and so with spade , plough , coat , ' gowo , and the greater part . of
the names of things . / 2 nd . But there are some ^ words which would be sounded with very great difficulty , were we to make this change . Such are all tSo $ ejvhich eud is sh , ch ( soft ) , st , 9 , and x , to these we add es to form the plural . Thus we should write Hires , churches , box-ex . But when the ch is sounded hard , or ( like the letter k at th- ! end of the word , ) we add only s for the plural : as monarch , monarcfts .
3 rd . Words which end ia y , with any consonant before it , change y into tei for the plural : as city , cities . Ey is changed in the same manner ; as journey , journies—valley , tallies : but when any of the other vowels , namely , A , I , 0 , U , go before the y , you only use * for the plural according to the first rule , as day , da 4 th . Nouns ending in / orfe change those letters into pes for the plural , as leaf , leaves—knife knives . ' ' 5 tb . All metals and grains , and some other things , have no plural , as wheat , iron , pitch , pride . 6 th . Some Nouns have no singular— as bellows , scissors , riches , ashes .
7 th . Some Nouns are the same in the singular and the plural , as deer , sheep , which are used as either one or any greater number . Gender is the distinction of sexes . There are three , namely , the masculine , the feminine , and the neu ' er . The masculine includes all male things . the feminine all female things ; the neuter all things without life . You will find this so easy to remember , that I need
say no moie of it ; but we have a custom of sometimes using the pronouns he and she , with regard to neuter things . Sailors , you know , always speak of their ship as she , and we say of the sun , 'fe rises . ' All I wish yon to notice is , that if you speak of any thing as masculine or feminine in one place , you must continue to do so as long as you speak of the object , and not call a thing she , in one place , and it in another .
The third change of Nouns takes place with regard to Case ; but as I do not wish to write more in one letter than you can easily master in a week , I will now conclude with giving you some rhymes , which will serve to keep in your mind the peculiar properties of the different parts of speech . First comes the little particle . Grammarians call an Allien , And then the mighty Noun ! Great store ot fancies it may bring , A Noon , it may be any thing , A person or a town .
Of Ad norms we make great use , Ail qualities they can produce , And their degrees compare I By them you ma ; express your mind , Say pood or bad , as you're inclined , Or witty , wise , or fair . When Nouns repeated tiresome prove , That inconvenience to remove , Another word well show , Ee , she , or it will do instead , And wis and ttat will lend their aid , They Ye Fsoaopas called you know .
And now your best attention turn . The different kind of Trass to learn , Called Active , Passive , Neuter : To walk , to sit , tosleep to run . Or any thing that may be done Fast , present , or in fotnre . Don't let the next your thoughts disturb , It shows the manner of the Terb , And often ends in ly ; To Adjectives it lends its aid , Advibb its name ; don ' t be afraid , You'll learn it It yon try .
The Fbepjhxiow serves to snow , Station between wordsyoa know : If fn , or by , or near , Fou Between Hoaut or Pronouns place , Their meaning yon distinctly trace , And make the sentince clear . Cewo . tcnuH , is a sort of thing , That , ( like a bit of thread or string ) , Ties sentences together ; Thus , George and Charles are very good , And we will go to Primrose-wood , If it fe pleasant weather .
When psople ealloot ^ i ! and Oh ! Vi hare my pupils always know , They ate an Ihieivkctiox ; Aud now I hope you'll learn this rhyme , Or I shall think I waste mj ^ dme , And that ' s a tad reflection . Rhyme is , as we all know , frequently remembered when prose is forgotten , and I think you will find the above lines useful for this purpose . If you do not like them yourselves , your children will ; and rely on it , an hour spent in explaining to them what you have yourselves learnt , wonld benefit them ,
delight you , please your wives , and vex no one but the government , whom you help to keep you poor , by paying such heavy duties on spirits , rather than say « We won ' t give you our money—well do without yowUawKS , ' I am . your very sincere friend , JfcM . p ,
Letters On Grammas. No. 5., .
THE PRESENT STATK , 0 pjGM . AT BRITAIN OftUty » tm < katBritain , P ?^^ nation * . *• ., ... .. .- > ..... Nations / like individuals ; rt « y be said to bid fair for peace and tranquillity , wi wn , with a sufficient strength to-make their iddep endeace respected , they employ their industry , andt heir means to provide for their wants and to add to that enjoyments , without injury or injustice toward . » any other people ; while nations , who erect polit ical systemsin opposition to tie inchests and in \ riola <* H » of the rights of others , must be in a state a' viofaroe anu war with the rest of the world . '
Goading these self-evident truths »* mnWjrwe have but to detail the principles upon , which foie power and wealth of Great Britain are foun & Q , and by which they are now more than ever sap--ported , to be convinced , that the entire a tructujr depends , not only upon making the interests or every other nation subservient to her own aggrandisement , but that the precarious existence other bloated power and wealth depends upon her being able to impede or to crash the manufactures and commerce of the other nations of Europe ; to the end , that the relative superiority she now possesses may not be reduced to an equality , or perhaps to an inferiority , to those nations whose natural and improvable advantages are equal or superior to her
own . Rome has given us an example of the extent to which dominion may be carried by exacting tribute from the nations she had vanquished , but it has been reserved for Great Britain to unite the passion for domination with the insatiable spirit of mercantile exaction ; doubly excited , her progress in every quarter of the globe has been prodigious , while the instability of the distant and widel y , scattered conquests she has made , and the vast revenue she draws from them , are in proportion to the expense and difficulty with which shedeiends them .
An Island at one extremity of Europe , with a population of scarcely eleven millions , she bestrides the other three quarters of the earth ; one foot on the vast continent of America , the other upon the ladies , she consigns Africa to eternal barbarism and slavery , that the produce of the Antilles may swell the list of her imports ; collecting annually in kind , by a mixt system of commerce , exaction , plunder , and tribute , to the amount of 17 i millions from the produce of the different nations she has conquered , which she deals out to the nations of Europe at the exorbitant rate of a monopoly price ; making those which are territorially free , but raaritimely enslaved , feel a part of the injustice she uses to those unfortunate countries over whose liberties she exercises
an uncontrolled dominion . Lord Chatham first gave activity to this spirit of mercantile conquest , ' attaching , ' as Helvetius observed , 'the wings , of the eagle to the body of a sparrow . ' If ever nation had claims on another for tenderness and-good treatment ; America had on Great Britain . The same customs , the same language , the same rites , the same laws , and the same blood running through their veins , bat the passions for dothinatioa and wealth was superior to them all . From the assent American industry produced a surplus for commerce , the hand of monopoly seized on the whole ; every part of this surplus produce which could serve the manufactures ofEag'iaJJd ; she rigidly
restricted to her own ports ; while every other part that came in competition wi . th her own produce , she as strictly excluded . But studious that the part she excluded ' should net find its way to the market of any nation capable o ( being a rival in manufactures , the Americans were . interdicted the whole of the markets' of Europe north of Cape Finisterre , that is , the whole of the markets of the manufacturing nations of Europe , and at the same time prohibited from purchasing any manufactures but those of Great Britain ; she monopolised one
part , she excluded . another . . She deprived America of Europe and Europe of America . From oppression she marched on to oppression , and attempted to tax America , at 3000 miles distance , by a parliament of Great Britain , where those Americans , who brought with them the inheritance of freemen , who obey no law and pay no tax that is not ordained by those they depute , had not a single representative ; an inheritance which every Briton claims as his birthright , but which in the heart of another his government brands with the name of rebellion .
Deaf to the claims of justice , and that the justice which the child implores at the feet of his parent ; deaf to the calls of nature and the ties of blood , mercenaries were hired ia Germany , the tomahawk was subsidised , and Britain was drained , of her youth , to enslave aud butcher their American brethren . The issue teems with instructionfor Britain . for America , and for all Europe : on the one hand Britain may learn , that neither fire nor sword , nor the mercenary ] nor the savage , nor the scalp , can give stability to a
system of conquest maintained against the interests of Europe ; and on the other , by observing , that the commerce she now exercises with America free , upon the principles of perfect equality , is infinitely more lucrative than the commerce she-formerly enforced on America enslaved , she may learn that the destructive and ruinous wars she has made in support of this system , the blood she has lavished , the treasures she has wasted , and the immense load of debt that now weighs her down , are all minus quantities in the politics ef true national greatness .
America , instructed in the blessings of freedom , and in the evils which grow out of enslaving others , cannot fail to hand down that liberty her valour has won , unimpaired to her latest posterity ; - while Europe entire , from comparing the little she has ¦ g ained by the discovery of that magnificent continent , as long as it remained enslaved under the system of Britain , with the immense benefits she derives from her commerce now free , will learn to appreciate the loss she sustains , as long as the East and West Indies , these fairest portions of the earth , remain under mercantile chains .
But experience is lost on Great Britain . Blind to instruction , blind to the instability of distant and widely extended conquests , blind to the enormous expense , and to the imminent dangers attendant on systems , founded in direct opposition to the interest of tke rest of the world , she has extended her system of mercantile conquest over Hindostan , where , in the two provinces only of Bengal and Bahar , she holds , in an undivided sovereignty , thirty-two millions of civilised people !
By this extension of conquest she haslaid the nations of Europe under great and degrading contributions in more ways than one : not only the British government has assured to the joint stock company , to whom all India is subject and to the West India proprietors ; a monopoly price from the nations of Europe for all the East and "West India produce they re-export , but by making these East and West India commodities subject to a tax on re-exportation , the British government exercises the right of taxation over all Europe .
Can it have escaped the observation of the nations of Europe , in this age of enquiry , how baneful , how destructive this enhancement of price , in the produce of the East and West Indies , must prove to their industry , and what a vast diminution of their enjoyments ? Can Great Britain imagine that the nations of Europe are insensible to the loss they sustain by this monopoly , this exaction , this degrading taxation , by which a considerable portion of the labour ef their hands and the sweat of their
brows is made to exchange but for one half its real value ? Or can they hut feel indignant at finding that , taxed by the parliament of Engladd , they are paying tribute to maintain that navy which shackles their commerce ? Yet humiliating and oppressive as are these losses to which the nations of Europe are exposed from this monopoly , exaction , and degrading taxation , they suffer a much heavier loss from the vast diminution in the quantity of East and West India produce imported under this system , to what would be imported , if commerce was free .
All political writers agree , that joint stock companies * is the most ruinous and wasteful mode by which nations can carry on commerce and _ the bankruptcy of all , upwards of sixty , that have been established in Europe , supports the opinion ; ana if all were taken together , their waste and extravagance , their devastation and plunder , as well as we extent of their power , would vanish , in comparison with those of theBritish company , that now lows u in India . ' , . y . . „ ., It is also allowed , that the work done by slaves is infinitely more costly Ithan the work done by freemen . While the nature of the monopoly jo which the Antilles are subject , keeps the quantity
* Joint Stock Company Is Ona Where Each ...
* Joint stock company is ona where each member subscribes a certain sum , and is bound . for that sum only , sharing the profits and losses in proportion to the amount } of his subscription ^ Ketone in five hunoreo of tbe subscribers knows bow the affairs of the company are conducted , and those few to whose hands they are committed , have tbe most powerful Inducements to sa . crifioe the ianeral idtemtsta their own private vtarii
Produced-Far Belowthe R Quantitfdemande^...
produced-far belowthe quantitfdemande ^^ o * -the consumption of Europe , whereby the : nations iof JSurope are kept- € onsidera » . ly . understocked with the Frounce of the East and West Indies ; all the waste Wd extravagance / all the desolation and ; Variaausm of a mercantile i despotism over am immense population of ^ the most fertile countries , in the world , where the . , manufacturing art is- the oldest , andwhere it is carried toithe highest . degree of per-« £ ' ii *» ow » . - « n tbe . wih . of a stunted 2 ?™! ' ? , 1 P est ! fero » 3 effects of monopoly and slavery , fall on the nations of '* :
Europe . ., ,.- ,. If even this monopoly of all India ' s produce had been restricted to Great Britain and ' ; Ireland , it would sun be a destructive monopoly for the rest of Europe , inajraech as it would : exclude the capital of another commercial nations from being employed m this distant , trade ; ' a " trade for which the whole capital which Europe could spare froth her agroubure , manufactures , home arid near . foreign trades , would be insufficient : Bat as the price of India produce min proportion to the tent
ex of the capital , and of the competition which enuersintfr the trade ; if the loss would beroconaili-rable , even if the monopol y was confined to Great Bntam and Ireland how much more coasi . daraMe must that loss be ,, when the monopoly , is narrowed t » . a destructive- joint . stock . company , hetwden whose capitaland that of the whole of Great Britain and Ireland , there i * a » much difference-,- as between the waste and extravagance of a jomt-stock company , and the thrift and mod management of private-adventurers . '
If we- would estimate this latter toss , we rmatf figure . toouiselves this mild aadiamiablepeople res * cued from , their present destraotive oppressors , ami left to their customs ; upon : which their arts an * their industry are founded ; wei must figure to ourselves the ; commerce of India , and Ghhiav to which the commerce of ladia isindispeBsable ; rtbi «' wh open to the eompetitioat . and capitaP of the nations of Europe ; we ' must figure to ouraelves'iner Antilles , resciied from : a culture by slaves ,. iihder the * management of agents-empmyed' by progrietors residing in Europe ; means so wasteful and castly > . that .. without a monopoly it ; could never repay the expense- ; : and taking into-our view , in , what general ! use'the produce of the East and West Indies has-grbwniaH over Europe , we might form : some' ideaiof the increased enjoyments , and the mutual incentives-to industry
that would accrue to Europe and India , if the > oommerceof these countries were free ,, of . all which-the system of Britain deprives them . This anti-European , this anti-social systemof monopoly and exclusion , by which Britain ; has aggrandised her commerce , is the same by which she strives to promote her manufactures , the same uniform disposition to exalt her own by the depression of those of all other nations ; upon , the principle , that the production of raw material * does not afibrdi such considerable profits as manufactures , by not admitting of the same extensive abridgement '' of labour , by an equally extensive division in the work , or the same extensive aid by the intervention of machinery . . ....-. ' ..
Upon this principle , all her laws , and every effort of monopoly , are directed towards drawing raw materials from the rest of the world , and restricting the exportation of any part of her own , in any state short of the complete manufacture ; forcing her ma * nufac ^ ajes into every other market , and excluding the manufactures of every other nation that . could ^ . come in competition with hers ;— -it was upon this principle she sacrificed thc whole of the industry of
America anc ^ Iand . ' As far as she - . -. can ¦ i'ade . rsell other nations by su > perior skill ,, a ,: more extensile dir » 3 < mj . of labour , better machinery , more extensive [' cip ^ S ^ l OSgh credits , greater spirit of enterprise , any superiority in hqr system of administration ^^ she t | b » ld be a common benefactor to Europe , as far as she purchased the rude produce of other i nations that had not the capital . nor the skill , to work it , she would be the cultivator of these countries and the
benefactor . :,:. . But when she prevents the other countries ; of Europe from getting the materials for manufactures which the Indies produce , except at a monopoly price , when , instead of encouraging the industry of Europe by an exchange of the produce ot India at a low price , such as a general competition would furnish , for their materials and provisions , she discourages that industry , by giving the produce of India in exchange at a monopoly price ) still farther enhanced by the degrading , insulting taxation , here she changes the generous character of benefactor for the ignoble name ol oppressor . '• •_ ¦' . .
. When she endeavours to promote her manufac tures on the principle of excluding those of all nations , and strives to make all nations take hers i when she tries to get from other nations those raw materials which she keeps from them by the most barbarous and cruel laws *; when , on these antisocial principles , she endeavours to be the sole manufacturer for all Europe ) Slid that 1 ) 9 part of Europe shall manufacture for her , she destroys these best and surest bonds of peace that proceed from a commerce , generally , and reciprocally beneficial , and establishes one of the most fruitful grounds for jealousy , enmity and war , among the nations which form the great family of Europe .
It is upon this narrow , shop-keeping policy , that England has formed all her amities and all her enmities ; the nations which trade with her on her terras , that is , the advantage . on her side , she calls her friends ; those who disdain these unequal conditions ; conditions which a nation imposes on those she has vanquished , she calls her natural enemies . It is not the superiority and cheapness of her manufactures of which Europe has to complain , that would be to complain of thc greatest possible blessing an industrious nation could procure for those that surround her ; but it is the anti-social system :
it is the system which excludes and will suffer no exclusion ; the system which exacts every thing and yields nothing of what it exacts ; a narrow , selfish , irreciprocal principle , upon which she attempts to support her superiority , and to perpetuate the inferiority of all other nations ; a system which , if universally pursued , would destroy all commerce among nations . It is of this that all Europe with , justice complains ; it is this system which converts that which should be the surest bond of mutual peace , amity , prosperity and happiness , into the most abundant and envenomed source of mutual loss , ex . pense , hatred and war "fv
The act of navigation forms another part o ' . this system , and is in perfect conformity with the rest of the structure . By this law , the-trade to what she calls her colonies and plantations ( a term which now embraces vast portions of the earth ) and the whole coasting trade of . Great Britain and Ireland , are restricted to vessels of which the owners , masters , and three fourths of the mariners , are British subjects , on pain of forfeiture of ship and cargo . A variety of the most cumbrous articles , can be imported into
Great Britain in British vessels only , or in , vessels of which the owners , masters aud three fourths . of the crews , are of the country which produces , the goods imported . A variety of the most bulky articles cannot be imported even in British vessels , except from the country where the goods have been produced . Salt fish , whales , fins and bones , ojl and blubber not caught by British vessels and . cured by them , are subject to pay double aliens' duty , whea imported into Great Britain .
The object of this law is to promote the manufac . tore of British ships and sailors , by excluding the ships of all other nations from , any trade from which Great Britain can exclude them , and to promote the carrying trade ; hut like all ahti-sbcial attempts , it defeats its own end ; this act is a sacrifice of her commerce in the attempt to augment her shipping and sailors , and on the absurd - principle , formerly held , that the carrying trade ,. which gives least encouragement to national industry of all others , was the best , because it brought ' most money into the country . It is in perfect unison with the rest of the system , and was passed , in the same antisocial disposition , and like , all the rest , if universaly adopted , ¦ would abolish the intercouraeof nations .
To complete this anti-social , this war-system , in all its parts , has Britain usurped the dominion of the seas . This was absolutely necessary to support the principle upon which the whole fabric is founded . She has reduced the rights of the ocean to a code of her own passing , and erected a tribunal , where ( party and judge ) , she confiscates the vessels
Produced-Far Belowthe R Quantitfdemande^...
andcirgoes ^ of' ^ be" InTJj ^ endraf . Mtio ^ . ofEiurppf for traversing the sea , the commonage arid high-way of the mercantile world . . » "' / : •" . ; Thus has Britain formed a system for her own aggrandisement , in direct opposition id the interests of every other nation : ; a system which I shall show by and by , costs her more than it is worth ; is attended with infinite danger , and , on the mere prin . ciple of gain , is far from being as profitable to Great Britain , as a system founded on the obvious interests of the rest of the world ; while her system is one which every liberal man , and . every liberal nation , must condemn , on the plain principle that if all other countries were to adopt tfee like , all . commerce and intercowse between nations must he destroyed . ; '• ' " : ' '''!" . ' ¦¦ ¦ ' ¦ ¦ ¦
# The Exporter Of A Sheep, A Lamb, Or A ...
# The exporter of a sheep , a lamb , or a ram , fox the first offence forfeits , all his goods for ever , suffers a year ' s impriionrasnt , and then has his left hand cut off in a market , town on a market day , to be there nailed up ; for tha second offence to suffer death . Such are the means by which Britain prevents the exportation of her own raw materials . ' ¦•' . t The history of the wars , alliances , and enmities of Great Britain , fully prove , that this sy ? tem of forced manufaetures generates war . The refusal of the French government to' permit British vessels to force British manufactures into France , is set forth as one of tha grounds for . this war by ministers in their manf . feirto , and most adroUly employed to loflinwtbe minds , fthepeo ple ..
¦ , : Pope Kits The Ninth, ^ A Mwtlnjr O...
¦ , : POPE KITS THE NINTH , ^ A mwtlnjr of eat'ioHra of tho Sardinian- Ghtpt > l , L ] n . coin'sy & m-Fields , and of others sympathiaing with them , to esprtiss thelr . hearty indignation at the lateiniquitous proceedings . of the Austrian . ffovernmeBt , ' w » g held on Monday evening at the , P ' reemaiions'Hall , Tke hall was densely crowded . At seven o'clock ,. . The Ke ? . i . Km took this chair , and briefly- stated the objects'of the meeting ., They had , met , he said , for a double purpose . On the oa * hand , to uphold the luterssts of patriotism , virtue , and religion , and ew the other , to beat"down to , the dnst ; Injustice " , tyranny , and sacrilege . ( Cheers . ) They wewaret there to cheer" enoeurage tbe * heart of their mest holy father , Pius K £ .,
the greatest mid most illustrious * of living men , and to declare that , arfar as the laws ofr ' the country would ' al . low them , they were ready to defends hiro , not only with [ fortunes but , H * necessary , with She- last drop of their ( Moed . ' : 0 b ,, this was a glorious cause , calculated to 1 * Iflsroe the coldest-imagination—a caa » e which had eliloitea the sympathy not only of catholics , but of all rigSt ' minded and honeit * men throughout" the world . To ostholioi , theQuestion tp be decided was of the utmost importance , not onljjin a political but ' a religious point of > few . On tho contest now going on 'A Italy depended tterqnestion whethwtl . ey should be free or enslaved for centuries to come-wifotber the land oFrto brave and-• nt-Romans was to . eontinue a prey to a hateful foreign domination , or was to-tnrst Its chains asandtr , and rise the of t 8
again , . glory e nations , and the pride Md admi . ration of the world . ( Cheers . ) All the great principles for which patriots in all sgts had fought and bled wers at stake in the strugglwtietween Pope Pius-lX . and the despot of Austria . Mot only were . political privileges but'the interests of religion itself at stake ; It was now to be decided whether the holy father was to < be a puppet in the bands of Austria , or was to be free and indepi nderit ^ to-rule the Chrire * . ' of God according to hisonn conscience and the welfare andhapplness ofthe Christian world . For many ^ yeaw-the government of Autriabad exercised a most unjuft'in & ience over the toad of the church , for many years had it interfered in the election of Pope ,-. aud had had the audacity to tend messages to the College of Cardinals-to influence sueSielections . Ever since the . time » f Jo » pb , n . the Austrian emperors had sought to lessen the powers of thePope tatheir onn dominions , and , unfortunately , thej had too well sue . beedeo . The Pope had- now in Austria only nominal
poweni-aad tbe bishops were held in fetters &» 'galling as in the dominions of the sanguinary monster who sat en . throned in the icy capital i of ; the north . They Wera bound to rally round the holy father , because-Austria threatened to invade the propefty \ of the churah , and to attack the person of the holy- father himself .. Oh , if be were to- touch him only with his finger , all Europe-would ri'fr up as one man and tear the monster in pieces . (; Chee » sJi . IJut they had renson to hope that the present state of things would not long continue . They bad reason to > believe that Pius IE , had been sent by providence to chastise and scathe the tyrants of tbe earth , to dei . troy the unnatural cennexion which for years nnd-euhaistel between the church and despotism . If-then they werelovers ofUberty „ if they held patriotism aud virtue hi honour , if they detested tyranny and oppression ) if they were faithful children of the holy sea , th < y would on that evening raise a shout of execration cgainst / be monster of Austria , which would make the tyrant tremMg on his very throoe .
The Rev . Sv . Meiu ( an Italian clergyman ^ bucwho spoke excellent Engll-n ) . moved in substance , that as oatHOlibs } they were bbufid „ 'o the holy see and' to the head o / . tbe courbh , and ' tliatt / r ? j ; beffjred to express before the world t heir iivqwllfleB alleji'ance to . ' ? ££ »• ? iu . » IX . i who so worthily fills .. St IMei ' s chair ? The object ' of the presint . meeting vras v < ry interesting to him ( iNr Hells ) . Pius the Ninth was tbe first man of thongo , not only as being the snprem * earthly ruler of Christ ! anity . biitas being , the most liberal sovereign , the most ' progressists' man of the present times . Tbcv had heard many things of Pope Pins , but he ( Mr Melia ) . knew much more . They knew him generally , ond by reputation , bn ; he knew .-the . holy fathirpersonally . ( ilesr . > They
knew blm but a short time ; he had kuowtt hint for twenty years . During all that time had Pius tho Ninth been employed for the good of religion , for the busintsV of the churah , and the welfare of mankind . Already many rtforms had been effected by the Pope . He hod established a council of ministers , he bad revised tbr penal code , he had issued a commission for tbe directio * . of the treasury , he had appointed depnties for the £ r > . vinces , and ho had conceded municipal government ; lastly , he had promoted the construction of railways iu the papal dominions . ( Cheers . ) After , one or tno further observations , tbe reverend apeaker . concltided by imploring tbe meeting to send to Pius IX . means successfully to cimbat tho inocWiiatioHS of Austria . Mr Lucas seconded tho resolution .
, Mr Chibdom Ahbtei , M . P ., moved that : Pope Plu » the Ninth ' . duierres their unbounded respect an j admi ration as a wise temporal ruler and a firm asscrtor ot rational liberty and independence . ' Sir Anstey argmd that in this struggle catholics should rely on themselves , and repudiate the intervention of the great—what he called the robber princes of Europe . Lord Palmcrston was not to ho trusted , as bis objects were not to . serve tho Pope , but to subserve the Whig , policy in Ireland , Neither did he wish to call in the aid of Sir C . Napier and his fleet , sueing that that officer , although brave , was not moral , and had once commanded a piratical squadron oh the coast of Portugal . He ( Mr Anstnj ) had no wish to sso the holy father protocolised . ( Hear . ) 11 they only aided the Pope to carry on the struggle himself , he would establish civil and religious liberty , not only in central Italy , but over tbe whole of Italy , and in tbe domains of Austria herself . Tbe Rev . TV . Xeut seconded the resolution ^
After a few words from Mr Nortbouse in support of the resolution , Mr L . Bocrinohah moved , and the Iter . W . Babor seconded , a resolution protecting against tbe occupation of Fcrrara by the Austrian troops . All tho resolution were carried unanimously . A collection having been made , thanks were voted to tbe chairman , and the meeting separated .
The Butteino Uovennment.—The System Of B...
The BuTteiNO UovEnNMENT . —The system of burk ing English news , and preventing it * publication in the French papers is most diligently performed at the Foreign Office , under tho inspection and authority of M . Guizot ' s . chef du cabinet . The French translating lithographic establishment , in Rue Jenn Jacques Rousseau , submits its sheets daily to this functionary , and , if there be any strictures in the English papers on the French . Government , the pen is immediately run through such matters , and all publicity thereby avoided . Ii it surprising to find , when such practices are tolerated , that the Pans journals are so ill informed of what takes p lace out ol fieir bwri crmhtry , and espc-iaHy in England ? : ' Madllk . Dsivzt . — Tfie exnniinatioh into the
case asaipst ' Slatflle . Deluzy is being actively proceeded with . ' Several witnesses who wero not examined by the Chancellor and Examining Committee of the Court of Peers , have appeared before the examining magistrate , and gave their testimony on Wednesday aritl Thursday . In a ecw interregiitsry , lasting more than five honrs , Madlle . Deluzy continued , it issaid . to protest her innocence with energy . By permission of the superior authorities , a letter has just been remitted to her , written by one of the young . ladies whom she educated in England , and who , having learned by public report the situation of her former governess , determined to give her a mark of attachment and sympathy . Madlle- Deluzy passed a part o f the night in writing a long reply .
Lieut . Monro ' s Sbkiksck . —Inthe course ofSaturdny a communication was received by the Governor of Newgate , from Sir G . Grey , the Secretary of State for the Heme Department , announcing that Her Majesty has been '• graciously pleased to commute the sentence which had been recorded , that ol death , on Lieutenant Alexander Thompson Munro , to twelve months' imprisonment in lier Majesty's gaol of Newgate . The information was instantly made by MriCope , the governor , to Lieut . Munro , who expressed his deepest gratitude for tbe clemency which had been accorded to him . Althous : !) , ia accordance with tho rules and regulations of the prison , Lieutenant Munro was , after the sentence had been recorded , removed from that part of the prison
in which untried persona aro plsceuto the part among those who have been tried and convicted , yet every thing that could add to the comfort of th * unfortunate gentleman has been afforded , be being placed in a room by himself , ana allowed books of various descriptions , and be employs a great portion of bis time in reading and writing , besides being visited by the governor , the chaplain , and sheriffs , us wtll »» his friends ; in fact , Jieutenant Munro is as comfortable as the peculiar circumstances of his case will permit . ' . ^ Twelve hundred Chintse criminals are said to have been beheaded in Canteri during the past year .
. Largo quantities of plums , apples , and other fruit , have lately been imparted into Hull by the steamers from Holland , Germany , and Belgium . _ A young girl , named Kllen . Toxworth , was , or , Saturday last committed to Lincoln gaol for tai ' . rdermgher child \ n the most brutal manner . She stabbed it with , a pair of roUsow , cut out its tongue , and finally drowned it : A Turkish corvette of twenty guns , named the Genoa : Bahbe , has arrired at Portsmouth .. An American astronomer , named Bond , is of opinion that he has seen at least one satellite , and perhaps two . of . tha newly ducoyeiei planet JSepltwe , <
^^ Mteteuma^
^^ MteteUma ^
:Lou Moirm.At ,H B Coubt Op Mraicir.-Tht...
: Lou Moirm . aT , H b Coubt op Mraicir .-Thtf ¦ r %% 3 & J ® T-& ? » £ rreq «> « b » Countess d « Lnndsfeld LOla Montes ) the insignia of the Order of Maria Thereia , a high distinction 'to vh ' tch isaS tached the privilege , of . appearing constantly and when she pleases at Court , . According to these joun nals > and as a consequence of this favour conferred the Countess de Lsndtfeld will he presented at Court on tbe return of their Majesties to Munich .
Tns Mabshaw cf Fbasce . —The death of Marshal Oudinet reduces the numbei of surviving marshals to two out , of the twenty : > ix created by Napoleon . These are Marshal Sonlt , Duka of Dalmatla , pro * moled in 1891 ; and Marshal Marmont , Duke of Ra « gusai nominated in 1809 , and suspended in 1830 for refusing to take the bath . The twenty-four marshals dead are—Bernadotte , Prince of Ponte Coivo ( King of Sweden ); iMurat , King of Naples ; Berthier , Prince of Neufimatel and Wagram ; M < tsaena , Duktf of RivdiY Prinre of Essling ; Ney , Prince of Mos * kowa , Duke of Elchingen ; Lanncs , D « ke of . Mente * belfo ; Mortier , Dake of Treviso ; Lefebvre , Duke of
Danfaio ; Kellermaa , Duke of . Valniy . ; Jourdaa * Serrorier , Perighon , Brunr , ; Bessieres , Duke Oi IstriajDavoust , Prince of Eckmiibl and of Auef * stadt ; Ausereau , DtiSso of Castiglione , * Monceyy Duke of Conegliano ; . Oudinot , Duke ef Rrggio } Macdonald . Duke of Tarentum ; Victor , Duke rf Belluno ; Sachet , Duke of Albufera ; Gnuvion Sfc Cyr ; the Prince Poniatowshy , and Grouchy . The > actual Marshals are MM . Soult , Duke of DalniatiS | of tlie empire ); Count Molrtor ( of the Restoration ) * Count Gemrd , Count Setofctrani ; Bugeaiid , of L * Pieonnerie , DWteof Isly ; : Coant Reiile , and Viscount EtedeofLaBrcticrie .
; iDiscovBRT o ? PuTiHutfrlrFRAifCB . —M . Gueyv imsnd has informed the General ( Douncil of the lore , ¦ tha * he has discovered a vein of platii . ura in the me * ctaTOwphic district ef tbe valley af the Dcae , which hfi > jhapesto work with advantage .- Hitherto this precioui metvii , which combines with incomparable hnrdnesf jthe lts » tre of gold awl silver , h ' syonly been met with > inttie Ural Mountains , and its aesreity has always tendered the price very exorbitant . (; ; Aslfw Scandal—There basBeoir a terrible rov > nour iaour literary « s *»> w-fgr . tkV last few days of the appraachinsfpublicstion ofatindry awesatiuns , tot beoorroHorated by prooH and facts ^ of- the unlawful sale bP tfe » national property by a certwicexalted per * scnage .. 'limberof the raiueofReVentw-sixthousand
trawes-has'been sold fron # tne forests ef tlie Crown ; andi worae-ihan all , has bssn ' sold to tfee English government ffi « r the use of the navy . Tfie-esalted per * sonage ,. whan apprised of the publiiity » boiit to bff ijivetr'to thee damning acensation ; merply exclaimed in semesurprise , ' Ah , bah Cwhers do they think the money : 'for aft the decorations and embfeliiahments of Versailles-is-1 » come from ? They cannot surely esr * ' pect that wo- should pay for them Iron * our own pootets .- ''However , the publhationwill cause regret , to alHpnxtiesi ; it wiil be the Hsfe kick gi » en to that , government which , accordingtoibeDtmooxtticPadjfS ^ « -, 'tfill not he overthrown bya-sttddeti commotion ^ ' nor . yet-crumble to decay , but will most assuredly sink and be atilsd in the filthy mire of its own
corruptBBy . A ' Limb-: of Aois . '—During a late heavy storm » portion of tho famed lime treeafcNe ' astadt . in Wurtt ; mburi ; ,. waai Hows down by the wind -which prevailed . 'Iliis tree , which was planted mo ? e thao 500 } C » a .-agO ) iaSG feet feet in circoaference at tbe base , and the twelve main branches ©! ' this gigantic , trunk were as-thick as oak trees , being wore than six feet in circumference . Tho * e twelve branches thickly severed with foliage , formed- ^ circumference of 450 feet , and rested upon IlSprops which since the year liSS ^ were for the most part set up by noblemen , bishops , and other persons of distinction . The ? trunk of this ones majestic tree , is nowstacding a mournful wreck of its . ancient beauty ,-
Ghbai Eibb . —The great iron-works of the park of Messkirch , in the grand ducy of Baden , liHlonginjr to the Prince de Furstenburg , have jpsfc been de * - sttoyed by Sre- Tholoas is estimated at sevetal mil-U 01-S' of franoa , only a portion of which is insured . The destruction . of the buildings alone is estimated at lSO . OO & 'flbrias ( S 90 , 0 e 0 f . ) . About nine hundred men were employed in thc works , nil of whom , withv their families , are now without resources * AcRORA-BonBMis . —This phenomenon has been per * ceived at Paris , from balf-pa ^ t nine ts * a quarter ^ scr fjyel' 0- I 1 spread a feeble light Mroilario that w fill precedes fJie-rjsing ef the full moon when the >
sky isobicured by vapours . Its principal light extomledfromS . towards . th ' cvN . iN . W ., but it was ex * cessivtly diffltaed . \ MoaBK . i MBHoy .--the romance of' Jeanie Deans' " has a ^ ain bet-n embodied in facw ^ hree ftmalo re * latiohs of ( lie Burghcad Sshermen imp ^ iicattd in ther late food riots-, travelled to Ardverikio vilh ; n view of pc'tttionitig her Majesty to commute Vfe hst'slv sentence of transportation and inipri onment pa ^ du , wn them . But in Earl Grey tbe simple fi-ihwornei ?; ¦ otirid no Dtbke of Argylo , as they were rather uusputimentally told by his lordship to go b (> me and sendswritten petition by the post . .
. Tub Gnaw Nassau Tunnel . —Tbe grcat tunnel through the mountain on which atar . ds th « town of Weiiburg , in the Duchy of Nawau , formed for improving the bed of the Lvihn , has just been terminated after live years' continuous labour . The waters of the Lahn were to be let into thc tunnel on tho 12 th , and 2 , 000 gaslamps were to be lighted , and always kept burning .. The formal inauguration of th , 9 gtianlic work Is to take place on Oct , 15 * Tab Qubkn of Spais at IL-. mb . — Isabella rise * late , for she does not retire to rest until three or four u ' olockinthe morning ., She sups at two o ' clcck . Parties who are to have audience * with her Majisty are almost sure to . have to wait an . hoi'r or two bejrond tho time appointed ; she treats evt-n her
Ministers in this way , and frequently they are sent away without having audience , and again recalled at one or two o ' clock in the morning The Qi'ean listens attentively to all her Ministers say to her . but nothing moves or interests her bo much as any ret ot kindness which . they may propose to her , or any rewards ! which they may suggest for virfHftu ? or courageous conduct . On thfso occasions Isabella always grants moru than isasked . 'With all this kindness of disposition the young Queen is quite fearless , her courage is beyond all proof . She drives two and ftutrlimses in hand , is an intrepid horsewoman , and fn queritly challenges the best horsemen of her suite to do what ; she oesi , cr to mount certain horses which alw alone nan succeed in subduing . Ilcr cousin , the
Infanta-Donna Josephs , daughter of Don Franci $ eo de Paula , who frequently accompanied her in her rides , one day said to her , ' Your horses know that you are the Queen * for they obey you in everything . ' . Isabella is very f ond of music , snd she does not confine herself , to listening to it . In all the concerts given at the Palaci ) she sings Spanish airs with the srace cf an AmklttSKHi . Dress is also one of her delights During : her infancy , when her health wa * 2 < ielicate , lierniother ,. Q « en Christina , would not allow her dressmaker to * tighten her waist , but Isabella in a whisper to her used to say , ' Make it tight , make it titjkt . ' The active manner in which Queen Isale-lla spends her time has given her health aud strength . Add tothir a fin 1 fi » uro , the freshness of sixteen , and the
embonpoint of eighteen or twenty . When spoken to of the dangers which may threaten the k ^ nidom , she ] ati « hs and replies— ' Occupy yoursi Ives , gentlemen , with the country ; for my part , I do rot care either about being Queen or gormiin ? . Oilier nmtiarehs have not wanted opportunities to livo-anieiiy and to have some happy moments . Think cf what you have to do for Spain after ray rei ^ n . is finished ; h r I have a presentiment that it will not be a long one . ' Spaninrdi , however , hope that it will not be thus . Poos Law Admisktrahos—Tlte appointments ' under tho act passed in July , last for the administration of ihe laws for the relief of the poor in England not having ns yet been officially announced , n » dayhas been named for its operation . It h , however " , expected shortly to be enforced . The new
commissioners aro to be styled , ' Commissioners for Administering tbe Laws for tho B » iief of the Poor in England . ' Notice is to be given in the London Gazette of tho commission appointing them , and it ia provided by tho third sectiy-n , '' That the notice of tho issue of every such commission shall be published in the London Gazette , and the commissiimm first appointed under this act shall enter on their office , and all the powers of this act vested in the ™ shall thkeVffeetbhtho day after tho first publication of such notice in the Lonaim . Gazette . ' The act ( lOtrt and HUi Victoria , e . 109 ) contains thirty sections . The nrst commissioner named iato be called the president , and is to bo tho only commissioner to whom a salary is to be paid ; he may sit iu the Ilouso o f Commons , ns also one of the secretaries . It is
declared by the 10 th provision , * That , on the day oa which , the commissioners , firsiappointed under ' thb act , shall enter on their office , all the powers snd duties of the Poor Law Commissioners , with respect to the ndministrnJisn or control of tho idmininratioa of relief to t ' ae poor throughout England , and all other power & aiid duties » w vestetl in thesi , shall be transferred i » , and vested in the commission ? ta , and shall ba tlisacefortb bser ' clsed bytbem arcel hy the 'ommissioiors appomted froia time totiwo 5 * » fcd by any neve commission or- letters patent under the provisiona & f this act , and all provisions in any act re" lftting to th ' j auiuimstratic-not reliaffor the poor in Engfofid , orto the powers or duties of the Poor Law I Coa » is 5 ioner 9 , shall he continued as if in the said been named in
several acts the commissi oners had . st ^ rlof the Poor Law C ^ i ^ mncrs , sulyect , Keverthaless , to any amendments r ^ fi * % & ^ nato the substance or manner ot exercising any et therowers of ihe said Poor Law Commissioners , and tuepowers 01 i « o . a nnd authorities vested by H C ^? iW tho PoKaw Commissioners . ppoin . od anr ^« first recited not ( 4 and 5 William IV ., i ' fi or any aet passed lor tho amendiumt there . §* ^ Xks ; mWicnger 3 , a ^ d cftcers appomtorf ar . d *' -i ^ iT hr the said Poor Law Commissioners m tSlfim iM effiM 8 liaI 1 ¦ , * ¥ t 0 Ml thdp several offices and employments . ' Inspectors are to faaaosointed to Wait workbouseB , and attend meet . ings of gnardiaPB and other meeUn | a . relat » BSt « wa iW * is .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Sept. 25, 1847, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_25091847/page/3/
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