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Cnfoetf ^}^?®L~~~ "Z"'"A 1 WeTearn that ...
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FIELD-GARDEN OPERATIONS. For th Week com...
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a id? «SK™ w * 6 " Water U ascertainable...
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ADDRESS OF THE POOR'S PROTECTING SOCIETY...
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THRrJATKNED FAMINE IN IRELAND
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Cnfoetf ^}^?®L~~~ "Z"'"A 1 Wetearn That ...
Cnfoetf ^}^?® L ~~~ "Z "'" A 1 WeTearn that the colliers of o ! f C ? Sfiire " areahout again to turn out for South Su ^ or dshu ^ are ^ ^ col , krs another advance of wage | . Wncoai ^^ ^ off rec ^ ive ^* 6 * 1 *^ deman ( lari 9 eof 6 d _ a d r- . n Thades Assocuiio . v .-Mr . John Skelton TJxiiH ) InAMs the above body ) delivered ( the appomtt d Jetton ^ ^ assembJ an addrc » toa nam ^ p ^^ St _ MartmV ^ smidav evening , October 19 th , on the ob-^ ° * , iK obtaSed by the United Trades , jeets so-i 0 u . wag unan - mous ] y called to the . Mr . . Jon-a * "** " - £ f speccu introduced the lecturer , chair , and in a ^^ his of ^ ^^ ^ who S ^ c * Xr « Association of United Trades ;" F 0 /* M it was founded on two" great facts" -first , S ? ? rf !* working classes do not receive " a fair day ' s that the work ^^ ^ „ ^ secondlVj tbat for ¦ vragc ioi « t ^ gjr gnJeavours to obtain this have , ^ V % pvtentions , been unsuccessful . He regretted ftf prevSling apathy of the wealth producers to w * - . l * interest , yet the vast number represented * Ii . » ktc C onference , and the great ability with
Vch trade matters was there discussed , showed pro--- ihe Conference had come to the conclusion th ^' uic old method of Trades proceedure was worn ™ , f mid that a change was necessary . The great S ; Was , what should that change be ? Ue ber ved they all agreed that some change was neees-« £ r ( Hear , hear . ) Strikes on the system of indi-SjhiI Trades had long been tried , and found want-£ r ( Utar . hear . ) Thus , in the year 1810 , the Cotton Spinners were engaged in a strike which cost £ *> - > 4 , 009 , and ended in failure , the Spinners beinj ; compelled to return to work at a reduction of wages . \« -ain , in 1 S 1 C , they were similarly engaged , at a cost " 3 V *> 2 G 000 , with similar results . The Trades of
Ttfancbe-ter , Glasgow , . Bradford , the Potteries , JSorthuniberlaud , and Durham . had , in the course of a few Tears , spent no less than three millions of money in a sini ' - iir MOl * ° ^ warfare—with what results the present condition of the workers but too well and too fatally attested . ( Hear , hear . ) Well , then , the Association he had the honour to serve , had come to the con clusion that individual Trade strikes were futile ; and that , if anything was to be done to arrest and siav the agressions of capital , it must be by a united effort , and that each trade must combine for the good of all- ( chcers ); thus bringing numbers , wealth , and intdiigenee to bear at a given point against the machinations of the tyrannical employer . ( Loud cheers . ) Their second grand point was , the " employmentof
labour in agriculture and manufactures , " thus doing what he conceived was of all things essential—viz ., drawing the surplus labour out of the market , and emploving it on the land for then * own advantagealso employing other portions of their surplus hands in crcctingbuildings , factories , houses , < tc , for themselves to work in , and produce wealth for their own profit without the intervention of an employer , and thus ultimately abolishing the middle class altogether . ( Loud cheers . ) But it might be asked , how was this to be done ? how cou ! d the fund be raised for such a purpose ? The Association had projected a joint stoc k company ; one of their rules run as follows : •—" Shares : The shares of the Association shall be £ 5 , uwHi « hieh a minimum weekly instalment of 3 d . shall
be paid by each shareholder : Trades Unions to have the power of taking an unlimited numberof shares . " Tins h would at once be seen that individual members of trades could take shares , and even the poorest , provided he was in work , could contribute 3 d . a week for such a self-redeeming purpose ; and , as regards Trade Societic , there was " scarce a trade but had some members in it who were favourable to removing the surplus bauds from the market : let them agitate ilic matter in their several bodies , and it would not Is a difficult object to show the Trades the benefit of their taking up shares as a body . This is the age of progress , —despite all prejudice and opposition we inust go onwards ; let us , then , but investigate and
persevere , aud success at no distant day is certain . — Mr . Shchon was listened to with breathless attention iuroiigiiout , and resumed his scat much applauded . — . Mr . Wilson , Shoemaker , made a few observations , and was ably replied to by Mr . Rubson , of the same craft . — . Mr . J . F . Linden , Tailor , and Mr . Jones of the same trade , addressed the meeting in favour of the objects broached by the lecturer . —Mr . James , Shoemaker , said a few words disapprobatory , complaining that the lecturer had not shown or admitted the good that had been derived from strikes ; and a very violent Irishman , said to be a Shoemaker , in ihe body of the meeting , demanded of the lecturer if he had not said that he would nut rest until he had
broke up , i- « ot and branch , all Trade Societies . —Mr . Skelton rose to make a general reply ; and , in answer io the question pat by his friend in the body of the meeting , said , he had most undoubtedly said that he would never rest until the present futile Trades Societies were changed —( hisses and loud cheers ); but as a member of a Trade Society , as a paying member —as a nun who had contributed to Trade Societies all his life—he had no interest in breaking up Trade Societies , except it was to supersede them by a better and mure effectual organisation —( loud cheers ) , and such be deemed ** The Association of United Trades . " A rote of thanks was then given to the Chairman , and the lucetih" dissolved .
Sheffield . — Tub Boildixg Trades . — On Monday the building trades of Sheffield walked in procession from their respective club-houses , with bands playing and banners flying , to the Corn Exchange ground-, aud from thence to an adjoining village called Cherry Tree Hill , aboiit three miles from the mto , two a-breast , Joiners taking the lead , followed by the Masons , Bricklayers , Plasterers , and Labourers . A short address was delivered by Mr . George Evinson , Bricklayer , on the necessity of the trades uniting in one consolidated society . Thcmeml * rs of the several trades afterwards dinned at their respective t-: ub-houses . A general union of all the Uuuting trades is being established in this town . Xouth Wales Mixers . —At a meeting of Colliers ielil at the Plough Inn , Rhosemedre , North Wales ,
M the ICth inst ., it was unanimously agreed , —1 st , ¦ That a vote of thanks is due , and hereby given to the Laucashirc Miners , for the noble and generous aiil they have afforded us in our late straggle with tie Coal Kings of this district . 2 nd . That we , the Colliers present , regret the apathy and neglect of the - * V > rth Wales Colliers , but pledge ourselves to use every lawful exertion to forward the cause of the Miners' association in this principality . The Colliers of "B lack Park , near Chick , North Wales , in the employ of Mr . Thomas Edward , struck work on the 1 st inst . for an advance in their wages , which terminated about the 10 th inst , with an advance of about twenty per cent . With the advance , their wages will only average 2 s . 6 d . per day , for from ten to twelve bom's labour . The truck system is carried oa hi this district to a very great extent .
Boot axb Shoemakers' Strike at Derbvaxd Loccneoeocgh . —Mr . Ward , of Derby , having lately made several reductions in his wages , and the men being determined to resist these robberies on their already scanty wages , made application to their district committee , and they , seeing the injustice of Mr . Ward ' s conduct , sanctioned a strike at Derby . Mr . Ward has a shop in Loughborough , and it was found necessary to stnke that shop as well , and thirty-four men left his employment , leaving him two unprincipled Vagabonds in each place to . " scab" it for him . The committee afterwards detected a Mr . Flack , of LouguU . irough , getting up -work for Ward , consequently his shop was struck also , and all his men left aim . Subsequently , a Mr . Bombroff was found to be manufacturing for Ward , and this shop was placed on strike . The employers finding the men so determined to uphold their rights , had a meeting amongst
themselves , and appointed a deputation to wait upon the committee of the men to argue the question , and hy to arrange matters . Subsequently , a general meeting of the men was called to meet the employers , they trying to intimidate the men into compliance , by threatening to buy their work , and employ no more society men ; but this had no effect , for the operatives agreed to a man to stick to their original determination to stand out for the wages they formerly had . The employers afterwards had a meeting , and agreed to unite to defeat the men , and assist those shops already on strike ; but this will be fruitless , as our district committee have sanctioned a general strike at Loughborough , and the men are leaving as fast as they can finish their work , so that the employers will soon have the town to themselves , and then they will be compelled to give in and recall tlie men . James Goode , District Secretary .
Walkkg- ojj the WATER . —From Hanover we hear of a practical discovery of a kind so curioJfa ! to ri quiresomefurther explanation before we can cuite understand it ; and we are rather snSeS C much as we have , or fancy we have , wKSfcSE of a somewhat similar story making the round of the continental papers several years ago . It u riven however , in this instance , with an imposing detail and the gu « antee of names-if there fie no borrow ing of these for the occasion . The report is . that two young men , one a Swede and the other a Normantaking a hint from that sort of foot-gear of fir planks called sties ,, by means of which , in those northern countries , the inhabitants pass through valleys and ravines filled with snow , without sinking—have been
exhibiting iu that capital the exploit of walking on the water by means of sides—made , however for the latterpurpose , withiron plateshoIlowwithin . ' Backwards and forwards , much at their ease , according to the report , did the exhibitors walk and run—going through the military exercise with knapsacks at their hacks , and finally drawing a boat containing eight persons , all without ^ wetting- their shoes . The Minister of War has , it is said , put a portion of the garrison of Hanover under the training of these gentlemen , for the purpose of learning what might prove so useful a military manmuvre ; and as MM . Kjellberg and Balcken propose carrying their invention into other countries , our readers will probably suspend their opinions till they have a nearer view of this novel meeting of iky and water ,--Muhames ' Magazine .
Cnfoetf ^}^?®L~~~ "Z"'"A 1 Wetearn That ...
mmnltnvt and ioittculture
Field-Garden Operations. For Th Week Com...
FIELD-GARDEN OPERATIONS . For th Week commencing Monday , Oct . fflth , 1843 . [ Extracted from a Diary of . deftKiJ Operations on five small farms on the estates ot the late Mrs . D . Gilbert ; near Eastbourne , in Sussex ; and on several model farms on the estates ot the Earl of Dartmouth at Slaithwaite , in Yorkshire , published by Mr . Nowell , of Faruley Tyas , near Uuddersfield , in order to guide other possessors of field gardens , by showing them what labours ought to be undertaken on their own lands . The farms selected as models are—First . Two school farms at Willingdon and Eastdean , of
five acres each , conducted by G . Cruttenden and John Harris . Second . Two private farms , of five or six acres : one worked by Jesse Piper , the other by John Dumbrell—the former at Eastdean , the latter at Jevington—all of them within a few miles of Eastbourne . Third . An industrial school farm at Slaithwaite . Fourth . Several private model farms near the same place . The consecutive operations in these reports will enable the curious reader to compare the climate and agricultural value of the south with the no . th of England . The Diary is aided by " . Notes and Observations" from the pen of Mr . Howell , calculated for the time and season , which we subjoin .
"Can you keep a pig ! You will find a pig the best save-all that you can have about a garden , and he will pay you well for his keep . " — -Tlie Rev . Jt . IF . Kyle ' s lecture . NOTE . —The school farms are cultivated b y boys , who in return for three hours' teaching in the morning , give three hours of tlieir labour in the afternoon for the master ' s benefit , which renders the schools selfsupporting . We believe tluxt at Famly Tyas sixsevenths of Hie produce of the sch-jol farm will be assigned ta the boys , ynd one-seventh to the master who tvitl receive tlie usual school-fees , help the boys to cultivate their land , and teach them , in addition to reading , writing , & c ., to convert their produce into bacon , by attending to pig-keeping , ivhich at Christmas may be divided , after , payiny rent and levy , amongst them in proportion to tlieir services , and be made thus indirectly to reach tlieir parents in a ivay the most grateful to their feelings . ' ]
SUSSEX . Monday—Willingdon School . Wet weather , boys in school all day . Eastdean School . Wet , boys cleaning up the cellar , assorting potatoes . Piper . Sowing wheat . Dumbrell . Wet weather , digging up a few potatoes . Fuesday—Willingdon School . Wet weather , boys in school all day . Eastdean School . Wet day , boys in the afternoon plaiting straw to make themselves hats . Piper . Thrashing barley . Dumbrell . Digging up carrots , hoeing mangel wurzel . Wednesday — Willingdon School . Buys digging for wheat . Eastdean School . Boys digging for wheat , emptying pigstye tank , picking stones and haulm . Piper . Thrashing barley . Dumbrell . Digging up carrots , storing mangel wurzel .
Thursday— Willingdon School . Boys digging for wheat . EasUlcan School . Boys digging up and storing potatoes , drawing drills , sowing wheat , and treading the ground . Piper . The same as yesterday . Dumbrell . Digging up carrots and potatoes . Friday—Willingdon School . Boys digging tor wheat . Eastdean School . Boys pulling and storing swede turnips , and gathering up weeds . Piper . The same as before . Dumbrell . Digging up carrots and potatoes , heifer carrying dung and potatoes . Saturday— Willingdon School . Boys carrying solid and liquid manure to the wheat . EasUlean School . Boys emptying portable pails , cleaning school room and pigstyes , and getting Sunday food for the cows . J'iper . Winnowing barley . Dumbrell . Digging carrots and turnips , topping them , heifer carrying dung .
COW-FEEDIXG . Willingdon School . Cows feeding on white turnips , with a little barley straw . Dwnwrelt ' s . One cow fed three days with turnips , potatoes , and straw , varied in the other three by giving cabbage or chaff . One cow and heifer fed with turnips , carrot tops , and straw , occasionally omitting the carrot tops , and giving potatoes . ItElIABK . — From this time until . May-day all your cattle must be fed in the house or straw yard , upon good food , and plenty of it , such as turnips , ea .-rots , mangel wurzel , and a little clean straw , lteserve your hay , if you have auy , for the calving Kiue .
DEEP v . SHALLOW DRAINAGE . I have attentively read Mr . Bennett ' s tetter , and agree with most of his remarks ; but scarcely think his diagram can represent the nature of your soil and subsoil , as you described the latter , in ivhich the four-feet drains were placed at Woodford , to contain cnalk and ffiut inftlaccs , interchanuing with the clay . Your soil is satisfactorily proved lo have been a pervious soil , not a gault , which I take to be a name implying indurated or impervious clays—clays which , in in situ , scarcely contain any water , and allow no water to descend into or pass through them . Where such beds occur in thick unbroken strata , I agree with Air . Bennett that it would probably be useless to lay drains many inches deeper than into the gault , since no subterranean water would have to be removed .
I will now proceed to explain my view of the cause of deep drains running after rain earlier than shallower drains in the same field ; but we must first clearly appreciate a much more important matter , viz ., how it happens that certain soils , like yours , remain wet with thirty-inch drains , and become dry when more deeply drained . This is the first stop iu the inquiry . We know very well that all soils possess the faculty of absorbing and retaining water , though in proportions which vary with , aud arc dependent on tlieir composition and texture . If a subsoil contain water in excess over its power of retention , there exists what may be termed free water * in the soil , and the level of this water—or the depth below the surface
at which it can be kept—is determinable and determined by the depth of the drains . Let us suppose thirty inches to be the depth of the drains , the subsoil— i . e ., the soil below thirty inches—may nevertheless be , and we know that in retentive soils it general . y is , overcharged with water—except in longcontinued hot weather . Thus the super or active soil , reposes , in reality , on a pillow of water thirty inches beneath the surface . Now If , under these circumstances , which are the general conditions of clays and other retentive soils , the super-soil possess a powerful absoroing faculty , I imagine that so fast as the moisture is evaporated from the surface , fresh portions of water are continually drawn up by capillary attraction among the molecules of the soil , and by the roots of" plants , which act as so many pumps , to replace that lost by evaporation . An injurious wetness is thus preserved in , and becomes the prevailing habit of the
supersoil , so long as the force of capillary attraction equals or exceeds the evaporative force . But if we remove tne free water to a greater distance from the surface by deeper drains , we not only place this reservoir of aqueous supply further from the surface , but put a greater bulk of earth into a condition to absorb during rain , more water than it contains very shortly after rain ; for we have laid dry ( so to speak ) a greater mass of soil , and when rain falls the soil is capable of imbibing and benefitting by it , whicli it could not do when already drunk or saturated with bottom water . By removing the permanent water level to a greater depth , say to four feet from the surface , we , in fact , vastly diminish the force of capillary attraction in respec . of the super and active soil ; for , although its agency is very powerful , the sphere of capillary action is limited as to the height to which it can cause water to be suspended ; and its force diminishes very rapidly as the distance increases between the surface of the soil and the bed of
water . A very simple experiment would illustrate and justify this explanation . Take four flower-pots or cylinders with open ends , of equal diameter , but varying in length respectively , as one , two , three , or four feet . Place one end of each pot vertically in a pan , and fill them all with similar soil ; then put water in the pans , and expose the surface of ail . he pots to the influence of the atmosphere . It will be found that much more water will be evaporated in the same time , from the shorter than from the longer
pots , because more will be drawn up to the surface in a given time ; and if the supply be maintained in the pans , there will be very little change in the particular hvgrometric condition of the masses of earth in each pot ; yet the quantity ot humidity contained in each , at a given depth below the surface , will be found to be widely different . The earth in the fortyeight inch pot will be moist at twelve inches deep , but not wet ; whereas that in the twelve-inch pot will be always supersaturated with water , aud so on in the other pots in different degrees .
You have experienced m your seven-acre thirtyinch-deep pot that the soil was always too wet for healthy vegetation ; but now that you have lowered the level of the free water , the injurious wetness of the active soil has vanished . Tou have now a pot with a pan four feet deep , aud when rain , however excessive , falls , your soil is in a condition to receive and transmit the whole of it downwards , and the plants will not be injured by rain in ordinary seasons , as provision is made for removing all excess as quickly as experience has shown to be necessary . Tae water runs over the pan through the drains as soon as , or before , it becomes hurtful .
When rain falls on soils in this condition , it first saturates all the soil it encounters , as it would a piece of blotting paper ; it then goes on sinking downwards , by gravity , until the soil about the level of the drains becomes unable to retain more water , inehrst drop in excess over the retaining power of the soil then passes into the drain-this is followed tL ° On £ dr 0 ps ' ? ° d « ° on the water which falls on tne surface contmually following the escaping water ftiSSA ^ reto ^ ^ evident that your old a , Rho ? n' ¥ . . W 0 ul , 1 ^ ase to discharge water after the construction of the four-feet drain ! , as the S P ^ by them ' ^ descent to the deeper drains . Jfot a drop can linger at the level of the
A Id? «Sk™ W * 6 " Water U Ascertainable...
a id ? « SK ™ w * " Water U ascertainable by digging a hole , and seeing if » ny water flows into it ,
A Id? «Sk™ W * 6 " Water U Ascertainable...
upper drains until the mass of soil existing between that and the level of the deeper drains be also surcharged , which may . happen , in certain soils under very heavy long-continued rains ; and this does sometimes happen . I know several instances of drains twenty-seven inches deep having occasionally discharged a little . vater , tliougbthe land was underdrained again and across , like yours , with four-feet drains . This arises from the opposition of the lower bed of unworkedsoil to the passage of water , which hangs , as Mr . Bennett properly describes it , in that mass , and requires time for its complete disappearance . It is tliis obstruction to the horizontal travelling of the water from midway between a pair of drains , whicli causes the exhibition of water standing
in the soil beneath tlie crown of your ridges at a higher level than at the drain bottoms ; and nothing , perhaps , can more clearly demonstrate the superior efficacy of deep over shallow drainage , for clays and highly retentive soils , than tbat experiment , which has been corroborated by many similar ones . I could enlarge on this point were it necessary , and show clearly why deep drains enable us to place thera much wider apart than shallower drains , and yet retain , at all times , sufficient moisture in the soil , without excess at any time , even midway between the drains ; but this letter is already too long * . I will only add , in confirmation of my view of the force of capillary attraction in supplying the upper bed with moisture from below that I was lately shown a piece of land by a tenant of Sir T . D . Acland ' s , in Devon , who had drained it three feet deep . There were no
springs in it , and the state of moisture was the same midway between as over the drains ; yet , according to Mr . Burdon ' s ( tlie tenant ) opinion , aud I quite concurred with him , the wljjble field was too damp . Intermediatedrainsdriven between the existing drains to the same depth , would effect no good in this case ; no more water would bedischarged from the field by increasing the number of three-feet drains ; the only , but a perfect cure would be effected by still deeper drainage ; for the soil is evidently of a nature to conduct moisture upward from a very considerable depth by capillary attraction . There is no other force at work in such a case as I now cite , but capillary attraction , to cause the water to ascend ; and there are no other means of diminishing the quantity of suspended moisture , but by lowering the level of the bottom water .
In concluding these remarks , I may observe , that the advocates and adopters of shallow drainage do not appear to me to be sufficiently aware of the fact , that it is the existence of free or bottom water too near the surfiio which keeps the upper soil wet , not the superabundance of rain . A farmer occupying deeply-drained land will rarely , in my opinion , quarrel with the rain , if the season be an average one as respects temperature . It is true that he cannot command the temperature of the seasons , but he may order excess of water off his fields , and render the bed of soil warmer by many degrees than it would otherwise be , by compelling the rain to sink to a proper depth , and distribute below the greater heat with which it is charged on the surface . . Tosiaii Paiikes .
AGRICULTURAL INCONSISTENCIES . Prejudice and error generally go hand in hand ; a man may be allowed to indulge in obstinacy for his own gratification , but when society is affected by it , the sooner a new light breaks in upon him the better . Ask nineteen farmers out of twenty who hold strong clay land , and they will tell you it is of no use placing deep four-feet drains in such soils—tlw water can't get in—a horse ' s foot-hole ( without an opening under it ) will hold water like a basin , and so on . Well , five minutes after , you tell the same farmers you propose digging a cellar , well-bricked , six ¦ or eight feet deep : what is their remark ? " O ! it ' s of no use your making an underground cellar in our soil , you can't keep the water out 1 " Was there ever such an illustration of prejudice as this ? What is a drain-pipe but a small cellar full of air ? Then , again , common sense tells us , you can ' t keep alight
fluid under a heavy one . You mi . ht as well try to keep a cork under water as to keep air under water . " O 1 but then our soil isn't porous . " If not , how can it hold water so readily ? lam led to these observations by a strong controversy I am having with some Essex folks , who protest that I am mad or foolish for placing one-inch pipes , at four feet depth , in strong clays . It is in vain I refer to the numerous proofs brought forward by Mr . Parkcs , engineer to the Royal Agricultural Society , and confirmed by Mr . Pusey . They still dispute it . It is in vain I tell them I cannot keep the rain ivater out of socketed pipes twelve feet deep , that convey a spring to my farm-yard . Do try and convince this large chiss of doubters ; for it is of national importance . Four feet of good porous clay would afford a tar better meal to some strong bean or other tap-roots than the usual six inches ; and a saving of £ -1 to £ 5 per acre in drainage is no trifle .
Another glaring inconsistency is the subject of tillage . I proposed sub-soiling my heavy laud for beans , so as to admit the action of frost and air abundantly . A demurrer was instantly raised by a farmer present . " O ! we always plough shallow for beans . " '' Well , I know you do . Do you ever doublespit your gardens ? " " O ! certainly we do . " "Do you ever grow beans in your garden ? " " To be sure ; capital ones . " " What ! and that on doubledug ground ! impossible , surely . " It would puzzle a conjuror to tell why a farmer always digs his garden twenty inches , and ploughs his land only five inches . Docks , thistles , couch , and other strong deep-rooted
weeds , are not to be found in his garden . What reason can a farmer g ive for drilling his beans at seven inches in his held and twenty-seven in his garden ? Does the / owner mode give him a larger or earlier produce ? Again , a farmer will caution you against siting in a draught , or lying on a damp bed ; ot" course , he takes care not to do so himself , but , while he practises this for himself , and recommends it to his friends , he pursues an entirely different plan with his ctttle . They must be exposed to both , as if their sensations and physiology differed in that respect from our own ! Let us keep our cattle warm , dry , and well fed , and we shall seldom feel the cramp in our pockets . I . J . Mechi .
Address Of The Poor's Protecting Society...
ADDRESS OF THE POOR'S PROTECTING SOCIETY TO THE INHABITANTS OF PAlSLEf , AND SCOTLAND GENERALLY . Fellow Townsmen , —We again take the liberty of addressing you on the question of the Poor ' s Law . The New Poor Law Bill for Scotland has passed the legislature of the country with all its defective clauses . For this the people of Scotland are highly culpable : they have failed in their duty and the rich have prevailed . We do not hesitate to declare that the passing of this hill will prove a lasting stain on bith Douses of Parliament . We are told that the design of Government is the happiness of the governed , but what care the members of our present House of Commons for this great pr . nciple ,
The New Poor Law Bill for Scotland—a measure deeply affecting the interest of the poor of the whole country—was apparently to them unworthy of a passing thought . Only a hundred or so took any interest in the matter , a great majority of whom used their every endeavour to render the bill as defective as possible . It is painful to reflect how little the interest of the labouring poor is attended to by the Government and the wealthier classes . Will nothing but the terrible outburst of a starving people , smarting under the recollection of a thousand wrongs , awaken them to a just sense of duty ? We have no desire to answer this question in the negative . God forbid that such an event should ever take place in
this country ; but if it should so happen , they can have no excuse . We are living in one of the finest countries in tho world ; the people are noted for their industry , frugality , and enterprise . Britain , during the last half century—notwithstanding her long and ruinous war with France , and the vast expenditure of her Government , amounting during that period to the enormous sum of three thousand four hundred millions sterling , in defiance of the insane policy of her rulers , of the many restrictions on commerce—has gradually increased in wealth . The annual produce of the people amounts to five hundred milliona sterling . By the recent inventions aud improvements in the arts and sciences , the produce of the people has been increased forty-fold .
A very limited part of these , our ample resources , if properly applied by the Government , would be sufficient to banish vice and misery from our shores . But , alas ! while our country has increased in wealth , poverty , disease , and death have increased amongst the people . Distinguished persons who have travelled over the principal parts of the world , inform us that they had only to visit Ireland to witness the climax of human misery ; and that distinguished philanthropist , Dr . Allison , declares , in his excellent work on the management of the poor , that the people ot Scotland are fast approaching to a similar condition , and can only be saved from which by the establishment of a proper system of Poor ' s Laws , ih-s serious truth must be apparent to all who have paid the smallest attention to the great suffering and destitution prevailing in the large towns of Scotland . " Previous to the year 1815 , the number of fever patients taken into the Infirmary of Edinburgh nevei exceeded 130 in the vear : during the three years
following 1817 they amounted to 2715 , or aoo in ne year ; after the failures in 1825 they amounted to 3520 , or 1173 in the year ; in the three years following the great failures in 1835 they amounted to 9740 ; and during these three last years , 40 , 000 persons in the City of Glasgow , and" 10 , 000 in the town of Dundee , were seized with fever , " being one sixth of the inhabitants of these populous seats of commerce . Immediately subsequent to the late extensive failures in Paisley , fever prevailed to such an extent that an extra Infirmary had to be obtained , whicli was far from being adequate to contain the numerous persons afflicted with that fatal disease . Thus we observe each period of distress has been accompanied with a great increase of fever , by which thousands of the poor have been consigned to the tomb , and the greater part of the Burvivors reduced to a state of irretrievable misery , The amount of fever during those periods was
Address Of The Poor's Protecting Society...
twelve times less in the large towns of England than in those ot Scotland ; and were it not for the continual influx of the unfortunate people of Ireland , who have no legal claim io relief , fever would be scarcely known amongst them . Why is this ? England , during the last 250 years , has had the benefit of a proper administration of her Poor Laws . "A fever which consigns thousands to the grave , " says Dr . Harty , " consigns tens of thousands to a worse fate , for fever spares the children and cuts off the parents , leaving the wretched offspring to fill up the future raiiKsof prostitution , mendicancy , and crime . " Hence the principal cause of wing ai ' ter wing beiag added to the jails of our country , in which are crowded the unfortunate victims of poverty—the sons and
daughters of the poor . Our country presents us with scenes of the most appalling destitution . It is long since the great body of the people in the Lowlands of Scotland were ejected from the land , and the hardy and industrious sons and daughters of the North are now driven in large masses from their native Highland homes . " We shudder , " says Dr . Allison , " at the savage answer , attributed to a Highland Chieftain , when asked what was to become of the numerous families whom he had ejected to make room for sheep ^ walks ? Loch Duich is deep enough for them all * ' " Savage though this answer may appear , we conceive it an exclamation of mercy when compared with the sufferings of the poor in many of our commercial districts . Thousands of the people have not
a bed to lie on , nor a blanket to cover them : sleeping during the night with the clothes , or rather rags , which cover their bodies during the day . PersORS of eighty years of age are found stretched on boards , not having even tlvi comfort of a . bed of straw . The poor , after toiling the best of their days for the benefit of their country , are left to depend for subsistence on the charity of the humane . On such precarious means they live but few years in a miserable condition , and sink into the grave from the effects of destitution . So great is the mortality amongst tho poor of late years , that the demand for coffins has increased five-fold . The poor ' s laws of Scotland are truly it mockery of their misery . In 517 parishes no assessment is raised for the support of the poor , and
in 2 SS parishes the allowance given to the poor is only fourpence per week , and in . a number of the parishes it is as low as one farthing ; yet , in the face of these incontrovertible facts , these laws are considered by the aristocracy of Scotland as the perfection of human wisdom . These men , brought up from infancy in the luxurious lap of affluence , basking throughout life in the sunshine of prosperity , never deigning to cross the threshold of unfortunate poverty , are evidently reckless of the rights and interests of the poor ; yet , notwithstanding their indifference , they have a strong desire to be well thought of by the people . They declare that the establishment of poor ' s laws would d y up the streams of public and private charity , and destroy that spirit of independence existing in the minds of tho people , by rendering them wholly dependent on the wealthier classes during times of
great distress . These statements , though plausible at first sight , are the very reverse of truth . Is it right that the people should be allowed to continue in their present miserable condition , that the rich may have proper objects on whom to exercise their benevolence ? The want of a poor ' s law creates great misery , to the sight of which the rich become habituated , and therefore indifferent , Willthe people be more debased to learn that during times of distress they have a right to be supported agreeably to the law—to learn that they are merely receiving back apart of their own—than to know that it wholly depends on the casual whims of the wealthy donor , whether they shall live or die ? It Is folly to think so . The New Poor Law has , with justice , been termed a landlord ' s bill ; without doubt , the influence of these men has been used secretly as well as openly to render it a dead letter to the people .
The salvation ofthe working classes most assuredly rests with themselves , and wc fondly hoped that they would have come forward generally at ibis time to stem this torrent of human misery—to check this system of wholesale murder of the labouring poor ; but in this we are sorry to say we have been much disappointed . The resolutions adopted at your public meeting we immediately transmitted to leading men in all the principal towns and villages in the country . We accompanied our letters at different periods with copies of your address , calling on them to get up public meetings in sup ort of your resolutions ; but with the exceptions of Edinburgh , Glasgow , Aberdeen , Dundee , and a . few of the villages , the letters in our possession from a number of the
principal towns of Scotland , prove that the people are all but , dead lo this question so deeply affecting their intere .-t . Even the people of Paisley have proven themselves very lukewarm on this question—Paisley , whose inhabitants have so recently emerged from a state of great suffering—Paisley , 1500 families of the inhabitants to which were proven before a committee of the House of Commons , during the late distress , to be without a blanket in the dead of winter . Fclloiv-townsinea , we feel pleasure to have it in our power to state that these periods of great distress have passed away , and we would that we had it ill our power to state that they would never return , but direful experience ever reminds us that they have come , and it requires no spirit of prophecy tu foretet that they will at no distant date return again . We , therefore , seriously call upon you to rouse from
your present lethargy ; rest assured that the apathy now existing in the public mind is the surest prop of slavery . You are giving your oppressors every reason to hope that they have crushed the spirit of the people , and that they will therefore be able to trample on their rights with impunity . The wages of the labouring classes are > olow over Scotland , that it is impossible for them to provide against poverty arising from want of employment , old age , infirmitv , or disease ; and with our great improvements in machinery , and the continual influx of the people of Ireland , in which country there are no less than two millions of people dependent for subsistence on voluntary contributes , we may feel certain there will ever be such n redundnncj of hands in the market as will reduce the price of labour to the lowest possible rate .
Let us therefore demand at the hand of the Legislature that the poor shall not be allowed to starve in a land of plenty—that ample provision shall be made for the labourer when he cannot find employment to provide for himself . By a blunder in the new Poor-Law Bill , it cannot legally come into operation till August , 1840 ; we would therefore advise tbat a public meeting be convened to adopt resolutions recommending the people of Scotland to appoint a national deputation to wait on the Government and every member of Parliament , at the commencement of next session , and to remonstrate with them on the injustice of refusing to make provision in the Bill for the support of the unemployed able-bodied poor , and to recommend such improvements in the Bill as will render it beneficial to the people . A very small sum from each of the towns and villages would be sufficient to cover the expenses of the deputation , which , if properly backed by public opinion , could not fail to be of lasting benefit to the poor of the
country . We are , fellow-townsmen , in the cause of suffering humanity , James Fleming , Preses . Duncan Sinclair , Secretary . Robert Gardner , Treasurer . Hawick . — The Public Footpaths . — The adjourned public meeting of the inhabitants was held on Wednesday evening week in the Town- hall , called by the Committee on the Bye Paths , on their return from Jedburgh , where the paities were tried for opening the road through the Buccleucli property . The statement made to the meeting was to the following effect : — " That there were twelve panels ,
charged with tumultuous assembling , noting , malicious mischief , and breach of the peace . Advocate-Deputy Brown had been brought from Edinburgh to conduct the prosecution . This is of a very rare occurrence at the sheriffs' Court , but it shows the anxiety to secure a conviction , and he intimated to the agent for the prisoner the evening before that he would depart from tho charge of malicious mischief and accept the plea of guilty from seven of the prisoners , freeing the other five altogether , and recommend a fine to the court . This offer was communicated to tho committee , who , after maturely considering the circumstances , agreed to it , and sent an express to Jedburgh to notify the same to their agent . They also told all tlieir witnesses that thev
would not be required . About two o ' clock in the morning a messenger from Jedburgh brought the news that the prosecutors had increased their demands , and that , consequently , all the prisoners would have to go to trial . This was quickly intimated to those concerned , and conveyances hired to convey their witnesses to Jedburgh . At the meeting of the court the same offer was made to the agent for the defence by the Advocate-Deputy , with this difference—that he would accept of a plea of guilty irom five , and free the other seven altogether , ibis oiler was agreed to , and the five were fined three pounds each , and bound over to keep the peace for six months under a penalty of ten pounds . The committee would not have agreed to this compromise , had they not been aware that several witnesses were ready to swear , though falsely , that thev were
put in bodily fear , whicli it appears made the proceeding " riotous and tumultuous . " The meeting expressed their approval of the proceedings of the committee by unanimously passing a vote of thanks to them , but they reprobated the conduct of the prosecutors , in no very measured terms , for the way they had conducted the prosecution—every means being taken to involve the committee in a ruinous expense , while the rogue money" was made available for all the expenses of the prosecutors . They , also resolved to continue the contest to the last , notwithstanding the desertion of the middle classes ; and as they are now convinced that working men alone will have the burden to bear , they resolved to face it out manfully , and it they be overpowered , and crushed by the heavy purses of their aristocrat and milocrat oppo-Bents , the odium will rest on the town council and shopqeracy , who have basely betrayed and abandoned the rights of the public .
Thrrjatkned Famine In Ireland
THRrJATKNED FAMINE IN IRELAND
The accounts of the patatoe crop in Ireland are of a nature to excite the most serious apprehensions for the ensuing year . The alarm , wo are told , is somewhat abated ; " still , under the most favourable circumstances , and allowing for every exaggeration , there will be a lamentable deficiency of the crop , which will be far under an average one . " A correspondent in the county of Kildaresays—There is no di-ubt of the failure of the crop , and there is every reason to apprehend a famine in consequence . Ihe attention of most persons appears to be entirely derccted to onepoi . it—tbat of ascertaining how far any portion of the crop can be saved . Suppose the untainted portion were seeuv « d from the destruction which threatens it —would the vast population of this country be secured from want apui'oaeliinjj to famine ?—I think not . The Coi-J ; Reporter of the 11 th
says-Accounts continue to reach us of tha deplorable state of the crop . The malady is increasing , and the district which was free yesterday is to-day visited with the pestilence . Kerry , which was hitherto safe , is beginning to complain , and our Crookhaveii correspondent , who last week informed us that all was right in that district , now assures us that since he last wrote the potatoe murrain lias made its appearance . Things begin to wear an alarming aspect . Wc think it full time for tho Government to act . The accounts from Heath , from the neighbourhood of Dublin , from Tyrone , Roscommon , Waterford , Kilkenny , and Carlow , Down and Armagh , are all to the same effect . The vegetable pestilence , though not universal , and in some instances happily ascertained to have been exaggerated , is yet known to be spreading , and to be most destructive , The extent of the loss cannot be at pvescftt kuowu . The first appearance has often proved delusive .
The failure of this crop would now he a calamity m any of the north-western countriesof Europe , far beyond what it would have been in the last generation ; a greater calamity indeed that any could realize till they saw it fulfilled . But Ireland above all other countries is dependent on this crop , not only for well being , but for existence . England and Belgium , and other continental districts which share the disaster , have all many resources . The potato is only part of their labourers' diet . They have manufactures , and commerce , and capital , to procure foreign , supplies equal to their deficiency at home . They have large accumulations both of money , and of stock
and food , which enable them to draw on their neighbours and on the future . The vast population is only provi . sioned for one year . Of a food which no human ingenuity can preserve longer than one year it raises just enough tu last one year . That is the one string to its bow . Reduce it by an inch or two and the bow is useless . There arc tribes which live on tlie fish that visit their shores . The shoal changes its route , and they perish . There are tribes that live by the chase . The deer are exterminated , and so are their pursuers . There are those who live on the truck of the bear and the elk . The prey gets a day ' s too much start , and they die before [ thcy _ can come up . Such is the rude improvidence of Ireland .
The peasant reckons not quite from day to day , but , what is not much better , from year to year . He puts into the ground as much as on a narrow calculation will serve for a twelvemonth . It falls short , and he must starve for a month or two . He may be helped by his neighbours ^ but should all be in the same case , how are all to be helped ? An Irish famine is one of the most dreadful calamities which could bo imagined to interrupt the present flush ot British prosperity , and the more substantial blessings of a thirty years' peace . The circumstances of the time threaten aggravations beyond the usual catalogue of horrors . It may he said , indeed , that fortune and misfortune come equally amiss to a nation winch rejoices in opportunities of evil , which chooses to consider itself always on the eve of a general war or a private rebellion ,
whicli ranks itself among the worst enemies ofthe empire , and which is never prepared to avail itself either of the mercies of Heaven or the kindness of man . But Ireland is just now , we fear it must be said , move than ever under the dominion of a cruel and unprincipled faction , which has succeeded to the utmost of its unuatural ^ ambition in alienating the affections and exasperating the jealousies ofthe two countries . Of all alienations , that between the poor and the rich , between the helpless and their natural benefactors , is fraught with the most immediate suffering and wrong . Such is the relation which the inhuman industry of Mr . O'Cotinell and his ecclesiastical legion have succeeded in establishing between destitute Ireland and wealthy England . It answers , of course , their private purpose , which perhaps the most awful ot famines might scarcely be said to disappoint .
In the first place , every Irishman is prepared to set down any visitation whatever to British ascendancy , Asbis average of misery is a Saxon infliction , much more its occasional excess . Then there is really some reason to fear that the demagogue and the priest will deliberately Stand between English charity and Celtic starvation , Every instinct of their fanaticism or their conspiracy will urge them to misrepresent and calumniate tlie good intentions of England , so as to paralyze both the hand that should give and that which should receive . When the report of dying myriads thrills through the unanimous aud sympathetic hearts of England , tlio first impulses of
an habitual benevolence will be instantly rewarded with the foulest of slanders , and , on the other hand , the perishing multitude , whom nature herself was teaching gratitude , will be instructed to see a worse death in the dole of English bounty . To act otherwise would be an extent of humility , of tenderness , and of candour , which it is scarcely possible to expect from the case-hardened leaders of Irish agitation . It is only just possible to imagine that they may treat the instinctive overflo wings of British charity with a respectful , because a necessary , silence for a time , only that they may husband their calumnies for a more fitting occasion .
Butit caunotbe concealed that there are also circumstances too likely to chill the hand of the giver . Besides that it is not in human nature , whatever it may be in grace , to give quite so freely to those who have all their days reviled and traduced the giver , who have leagued and conspired against him , and otherwise injured him to the very utmost extent of their humble abilities , there is also the disheartening remembrance of former bounties lavished in vain , It is not iu reason to plough the barren sand , or to cultivate for ever the affections of a heart of stone , As a matter of calculation , the benefit has passed away . It is ouly a few years since that between £ 300 , 000 and £ 100 , 000 were freely gathered for the starving Irish peasant . Thousands contributed , not from their superfluity , but from their need . Does the Irish peasant
remember it ?—and , except that he was saved from present death , is he now the better ? Moreover , it has transpired how much that fund was abused ; how much went , in effect , to the payment of rent , and to the discharge of a landlord's obligations ; how much to roadmaking and such matters of private advantage . Then it must be added that the cry ofthe nation is for permanent improvement . I ' eople in secular affairs , at least , do not act so much from impulse as they did oven twenty years since . The appeal for succour from the sister island may , perhaps , meet with as profound a sympathy , and as willing ahand , as of yore , but it is possible that prudence may interpose unseasonable delays . There may be even an inconvenient inquiry into the social condition of the
country . Englishmen , with so many hazardous speculations , and so many positive duties in hand , may exercise even too much forethought for the present necessity . The best man becomes at last weary of helping those who will not help themselves , as also of undertaking forothers duties of which they are still too glad to bo relieved . Should the appeal be made to Parliamentary benevolence , we are sure that it will not be answered without such a concentration of the public gaze on the Irish landlord as it would he worth his while to avert , The nation is steadily fixing its eye upon him , and will not release him from the most oppressing attentions till his tenants become rather less of a public nuisance and a national scandal .
It would be premature to suggest an immediate remedy till the extent of the disaster is known and reduced to calculation . To forbid exportation , as has been proposed , would be the surest way to prevent Ireland from ever having a stock in hand beyond her present needs . To remove the duties on all imported food , whatever its merits as a permanent measure , would be a very responsible act for a Minister , and even for a Legislature , if adopted only for the occasion . So abrupt an interference would not be very encouraging to that useful class which tills the ground and buys and sells for profit . Whatever is done , for mercy ' s sake , let it be for good . —Times
Alarming Occurrence ai St . Philip ' s Cnuncn , Stepney . —About half-past seven o ' clock on Sunday evening , during the performance of divine service at the new church at the back of the London Hospital , the congregation was thrown into a state of the utmost alarm by a sudden crash , which led to a supposition that the galleries were giving way . An instant rush was made to the doors , and such was the eagerness for escape that the railings of the stairs gave way , and several persons fell outward . This circumstance greatly added to the excitement whicli had heen previously created , and the alarm was terrible , Several severe contusions were sustained , and two persons had to be removed to the London
Hospital—one , whose name our reporter did not learn suffering severely from the fright and pressure , and the other from compound fracture of the thigh bone . Dr . Godfrey , of Mount-place , Whitechapel , was instantly in attendance , and recognised in the woman with the broken limb a poor creature named Potter , 76 years of age , upon whom he had operated five years previously for growth in the jawbone , of which he had to remove a portion . The age of the patient and the extent of the injury rendered her position very precarious . When the alarm subsided it was found , on inquiry , that the crash which led to the fearful rush was occasioned by the falling of a heavy weight in the clock-case during one of the
still and solemn pauses ; in the ceremony : but the alarm in the first instance was such that kw stopped to inquire into the cause , as all were actuated by a desire to secure their personal safety . Attempted SoiciDE . —On Friday night week , Mr . Coxhead , well known , in . the theatrical worldj and who , it is said * has lost £ 15 , 000 in theatrical speculations , went into a hair-dresser ' s shop in Kennington , where , after he was shaved , he inflicted a dreadful gash across his throat . Surgical assistance was instantly provided , and as soon as the necessary remedies were applied the unfortunate gentleman was conveyed in a cab to his residence in a very hopeless state .
Thrrjatkned Famine In Ireland
The JJkunken Bkawl and Stahuino at I 1 « un-SLOW BAltKACKS .-FfNAL EXA MI . VATIOJ . OF LlEUT . KEitWAN—Saturday being the day ap pointed lor the further examination of Lieutenant Martin rrancis Kerwan , of the 4 th regiment of Light Bragootts , stationed at Uounslow Barracks , on the charge of having , ontheSStli of September hist , stabbed with a sword Quartermaster Thomas Tarleton , ofthe same regiment , whereby his life was for some time m danger ,, the large room at the Three Pigeons Inn . New' Hi-entlord , in which the magistrates customarily hold their sittings , was , long before the bout appointed ( twelve , o ' clock ) , densely crowded by persons , anxious to witness tlie proceedings Quartermaster Thomas Tarleton was then called forward , and took his
station iu the witness-box . He is a much taller and more powerful man than Lieutenant Kerwan , and although he looked rather p . ' . lc , he exhibited no weakness from the effects ot * the ' injury , but stood all the time ho was giving his evidence . Having been sworn , he deposed as follows : —I am quartermaster of the 4 th Regiment of Light Dragoons now stationed at Uounslow Barracks . On the evening of Sunday the 2 Sth of September last , about ten o ' clock , some of the officers were showing feats of strength in the anteroom of the mess-room . Amongst others , Lieutenant Kerwan , with Lieutenant Greville , of the 2 d Ucginicnt of * Life Guards , were wrestling , and Lieutenant Kerwan was thrown twice , when Captain Fane came forward and put a stop to it . Lieutenant Kerwan imnieiliatelv addressed Captain Fane ,
and asked him why he interfered when i . e was not the senior officer of the regiment then present . Captain Fane almost immediately left the room , aud directly afterwards Lieutenant Kerwan also left the room . 1 was standing with my back to the i re ,, when Major Parlby came to the door of the anteroom and called me out . " lYhcn 1 went to him in the passago he told mo that Lieutenant Kerwan wanted to go into Captain Fane ' s room . 1 went to the front of the barracks , and there saw Lieutenant . Kerwan with two other officers . I saw that Lieutenant Kerwan was exceedingly excited , and endeavoured to soothe him . After some little time Lieutenant Kerwan said he was ordered to the guard-room and would go there . I tried to dissuade him . He then ascended
the stairs to go to his room to put Ins cap on , and I accompanied him . When wc went into the room I shut the door , and when Lieutenant Kerwan had procured his cap , he wanted to go out of the room and 1 prevented Mm , by shutting the door , and standing with my back to it . Lieutenant Kerwan then seized a sword which was hanging near to where he had taken the cap from , and after flourishing it about and threatening he would cut me down if 1 did not allow him to pass , he made a pass at me , which went under my _ left arm . Another sword was hanging close within my reach on the door in a scabbard , lie said " There is another sword , defend yourself . " I reached out towards it , and had got hold of the scabbard , when I thought he wanted to pass between me
and the door , and 1 threw myself back against tho door , and then felt the blow which inflicted the wound . I immediately said , " You have stabbed me , " and went towards the lire , and by thclightof it saw blood on my shirt . There was only a fire in the room . I then left the room , and meeting some persons told them to fetch the doctor , and then went to my own room . The doctor came almost immediately . From the exceeding kindness I have on all occasions experienced from Lieutenant Kerwan since my promotion , I am perfectly confident that , had it not been for the excited state in which Lieutenant Kerwari was at that moment , arising from the blows lie had received in the falls while wrestling , and the . effects of the wine he had drunk , he would not have done me
an injury . And , on my oath , 1 am also convinced , that at the moment Lieutenant Kerwan did so , he entertained no malice or ill-will against me . I sent a message to that effect to Lieutenant Kerwan within half an hour after the occurrence took place . The magistrates , after an absence of nearly an hour , returned into the petty session room , and having resumed their scats , the chairman said tlie bench had given tlieir anxious consideration to all the facts ofthe case , and also to the able arguments ofthe learned counsel , and although they did not consider it necessary to send Lieutenant Kerwan to trial , or to bind over Quartermaster Tarleton to prosecute , they
lelt it to be tlieir duty to hold Lieutenant kerwan -m recognizances to appear at the next , or any other session ofthe Central Criminal Court , to answer any indictment that may be preferred against him . The bail that would be required would be the same as on the last occasion , viz ., Lieutenant Kerwan in £ 500 , and two sureties in £ 250 each . Mr . Clarkson immediately tendered Charles Lionel Maitland Kerwan otDalgin Park , in the county of Mayo , Ireland , brother to the accused , and Richard Haven Esq ., of King ' s Bench-walk , Inner Temple , both of whom entered into the required recognizances . The Bench then declared Lieutenant Kerwan to tc discharged .
Man Killed . —Fidelity op the Doo . — -Yesterday morning , about half-past four o ' clock , a labouring man , who had lately come from Edinburgh , where he had been working at the North British VlaiAway , unfortunately met with his death by the falling of a brick-kiln near to PortEglington , Gorbals . It appears that the deceased , whose body is at present in the Gorbals police-office , had laid himself down to sleep near the kiln , where the accident occurred . He is a stout young man , and is dressed in
moleskinjacket and trousers , with stronpj shoes and red thibet handkerchief . lie had with him a bundle containing wearing apparel , and 9 s . 9 d . in silver and copper . A remarkable incident connected with the above occurrence was the fidclt ty and sagacity exhibited by a dog belonging to the deceased . After the accident , by which the poor man was literally buried among the bricks , tho faithful animal used every exertion to aid the workman to extricate tho body , and would not leave the spot afterwards until taken away by force . —Glasgow Chronicle .
Disgraceful Military Riot at Charlton Fair . —About nine o ' clock on Tuesday night the visitors to Charlton fair were much annoyed and alarmed by the appearance of nearly 200 of the cadets , attired in various disguises , some armed with cudgels , who commenced attacking several persons indiscriminately . They were partially resisied by a body of ropemakers and some few othei s , who were , however , speedily put to flight , many of them taking shelter in the Crown and Anchor booth , into which the cadets attempted to force an entrance , but being
foiled in this , they deliberately smashed the whole of the exterior illuminated devices . A body of the police endeavoured to arrest their progress , but without effect , and they proceeded to damage and destroy several gingerbread and other stalls . A party of the artillery were sent for , which the rioters having ascertained , contrived very prudently to make their retreat before the military had arrived . About five years since a similar disturbance took place , from which period , it is understood , the cadets , until this occasion , have not been allowed to visit the
above ancient suburban fair . Destructive Fire at Sydenham , Kent . —On Sunday morning , about one o clock , a fire broke out in the coach-house of a gentleman named Flcniming , of Perry-hill , Sydenham , Kent . No exertion was spared by the inhabitants to arrest the progress of destruction , and with the most wonderful expedition the London Establishment and the West ot England engines , with several firemen , arrived , but no water could be procured for use , and by two o ' clock the premises and contents were consumed .
A True TiuGEDY .--The crimiral chamber of the Cour Royale of Algiers had , on the 2 d instant , to decide upon a case of double assassination from Spanish jealousy and vengeance . Emmanuel Carci , a young Spaniard of noble birth , unfurled at Cartliagena the standard of insurrection , at the head of a squadron of cavalry . Unfortunately he and his band were vanquished and dispersed , and most of them compelled to expatriate themselves . Carci , having collected a few thousand francs , fled to Algiers , whither he was followed by his mistress , Manuela Pastor , a beautiful brunette of Madrid . With the inconsiderateness ol * youth they lived in a style of splendour and luxury which soon exhausted resources that they had no means of replenishing , and they were reduced to distress . As an expedient Carci got up a Spanish
theatre , he playing the part of director aud premier jcune homme with Manuela as his prima donna . The French were soon weary of the duiness of the Spanish stage , ; embarrassments ensued , Carci becameinelancholy and morose , and the vivid affection of Donna Manuela faded into coldness . A certain Don Ximeno , a refugee captain also , became one of the actors , and lived on terms of intimacy with Carci and Manuela . The latter , disgusted by the treatment she received from Carci , transferred her attachment to Ximeno . Carci treated the lady with so much severity that the magistrate was obli . ed to interpose his paternal authority to restore peace and effect reconciliation between them . Challenges were frequently interchanged and accepted between Carci and Ximeno ,
but the kind and judicious intervention of their mutual friends always prevented their crossing their swords . At length Manuela completely abandoned Carci , and lived in the closest intimacy with his rival . This was two much for Carci to bear ; and seeing them one evening in June walking together in the Place Royale , he hastened home , disguised himself in one of the dresses of his theatre , and , going out again , overtook them under the arcade of the Rue Babtl-Oued . Stealing behind them , he first plunged a knife deep into the side of Ximeno , and then stabbed Manuela in the breast . In the murderous act his disguise partly fell off , and he was recognised ,
not only by his victims , but by others also . Ximeno ' a wound was deep , and ho expired of it very shortly ; but that of Manuela was slight and did not put her . life in any danger . Carci , having more fear of the officers ot Justice than ofthe wild Arabs , fled on foot to Oran , where he found a Spanish vessel , and prevailed upon its commander to carry him to Gibraltar . Being , however , without means of subsistence , he was , according to the hard rules of the rock , refused an asylum upon it , and forced to seek another , but in what region is not known , as his own country la closed against him . lie therefore . ^ probably , remains ignorant that the ti'ibuuMtoe * T 5 > - > Algiers has , in default of his appearance 4 c / u ^^^" * Ccf \ r himself , passed sentence of death upon hum I x- '"* ^**^ " ^^) " ' r dtefes ^ * -- . - ' ¦ ' '' - V 2 V ' 7 " ~ J > JS ms ^ Wm . _ K .-Am .-. v-: v- . laB ^ M
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Oct. 25, 1845, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_25101845/page/7/
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