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vs 26, 1852. ^ ^ THE STAR OF FREEDOM. 5
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.tipTjOACHING DISSOLUTION OF PARLUAl MEN...
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THEORY OF THE BRITISH CONSTITUTION, AND ...
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Btmotvatit jaofcHttem
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30- Our Friends will oblige by forwardin...
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CHARTISM. Fimsbcht Locamtt, Jane loth.—M...
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v?asi London Democratic Association.—At ...
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TUU LAXE WEST lUlHXii IU5LEGATE MEETING....
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HALIFAX. To THE EDITOR OV TUE STAB 0V FR...
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HAiu?A.x.. -At a meeting of the members ...
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GUIDE TO THE LECTURE-ROOM. AreopaRUS Cof...
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REPRESENTATION OF SOUTHWARK. A public me...
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ANOTHER FATAL COLLIERY EXPLOSION. Intell...
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Serious Obstiivction in the Clyde.—On Sa...
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numberjof-eno^. a^*Swr^^|^fe\ OartWa^itf...
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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The Heign Of Hypocrisy. These Days Are D...
^ ^ tT * few davs ago the Archbishop o * V * ,-rand others ' waited upon Lord Derby , fiSJ ^ i t the government wtiuld not allow the t f ^ S Palare to be opened on Sunday , ixow > ' ^ - ^„ met 1 . in- particularly dis-usting in this att ifie B the nart of wealthy priests and aristocrat ? , { I *? ( , n „ et the pure air of the country at pleasure , **> *? * < £ the onlv few hours of healthful enjoyt ^ ? - - jn his power to obtain , the poor artisan a ? 3 t lt aJ ! t » " » «** < « ' •*•» conhWi tuilie xtifi ' uig « t-^ me of the workshop , or his still more unhealthy ji ^ P W * ' „ respect the conscientious opinions of all -but for ' those who would thus murder their ® f \ under pretence of religion we have only - \ and conteaipt : they are monsters who should
Iriven forth from among civilized men . Th-1 * e su 5 , J to the attacks of such wretches i sh ows the more clearly . h « w ire should struggle ^ enf ranchisement of all , that the soYEREiGSTT it , r the people may for ever end the beigs ot
Vs 26, 1852. ^ ^ The Star Of Freedom. 5
vs , 1852 . ^ ^ THE STAR OF FREEDOM . 5
.Tiptjoaching Dissolution Of Parlual Men...
. tipTjOACHING DISSOLUTION OF PARLUAl MENT . It has been ' positively affirmed' that Parliament ¦ ii he prorogued on Thursday next , the 1 st of July , * nd thai the dissolution will take place the following f The Ministerial organ names the 8 tU of July !« the day of actual dissolution . It is likely that the rnmmons will have to adjourn for a day or i ™ , to do * the Lords to finish their share of tbe Parliamentary tinkering . It may be considered certain Li the dissolution will take place within ten or fourteen days from the present time . A few new aad idates worthy of the people ' s ^ uMencoaTe
Zto * forward , includingMr . William Cosingham , 1 well known and untiring advocate of pohtical and 5 Mial reform . We earnestly hope he will take the place of Mr . Ltjsiiixgtox in the representation of fetaiinster , and shall be no way sorry should he ewe his seat to the ousting of that sham-Radical Lacy Evans . We are happy to learn that in Finsbnry there ii every probability of again placing Mr . T . S . l > r £ COMBE at the head of the poll . Werejoice that the ^ rosnect of Mr . William Newtox ' s election for tho
tower Hamlets every day becomes more hopeiui . inoiffithstanding certain short-comings and mistakes , Mr . G . TaoMPSoxis by far the beat of the remaining candiaates , and , we hope , will be returned with Mr . Jfartox . It ia to be desired that Mr . William VttLUMS mav again sit for Lambeth . In the Borough of Southwark Mr . Apsley Peluxi will be a < rood ° exchange for Alderman Humphrey . As re-^ ds the country constituencies , we can only notice » Jiat Hall promises to elect as one of her representatives ' Viscount' Goderich . If the promise be realised , no election will g ive more general
satisfaction . In politics ' Lord' Goderich is aprogresjivereformer ofthe best school ; better still , he has studied the social condition of the people , and is earnestly dciirousof bringing the action of the Legislatare to bear upon the great work of Social Reform . If for no other reason , the interest he has taken in the nnhanpy fate of the Refugees , -would be sufficient for as to wish him * good speed . ' His humanity and rncere devotion to the cause or the wronged of all dasses , creeds , and climes , must command the suffrage of ' thosa who Jove justice and freedom—of those * he desire to inaugurate a happier future for our ovn country and for all mankind .
Theory Of The British Constitution, And ...
THEORY OF THE BRITISH CONSTITUTION , AND PRACTICE OF BRITISH CITIZENS .
T O I H E EDITOR OF TH E ST AB OF FREEDOM . She , — The Theory of the British Constitution and She Practice of British Citizens are essentially different things . We can fancy that most critical person , of whom we often hear , ' an intelligent foreigner , ' dilating with much reverence on tho ' British Constitution . ' There he is reading from the pages of DeLolme , "That , if any person gives , or promises iogire . any money , employment , or reward to any voter , in order to influence his vote , he , as well as the voter himself , shall he condemned to pay a fine of
five hundred pounds , and for ever disabled from voting and holding any office in any corporation . ' Who , on reading anything so pure as that quotation , conld believe it to be possible that the Coppocks of this country know the menied price of almost every borough ? How could the ' intelligent foreigner ' infer that so heavy a penalty as is set forth above should prove to be practically a mere fiction , that bribery was the rule , and purity at elections the exception ? Would not the * intelligent foreigner' deny , with Tirtuous and innocent indignation , that even the Queen ' s Ministers could condescend to hold certain troughs , such as Harwich , in their own immediate possession , to be represented during a Whig Administration by a Hobhouse , and , under the D . erby and
Disraeli ascendancy , by a Kelly . Such , nevertheless , are the facts . Facts almost too notorious to arrest attention . How many members of the present House of Commons would be re-elected at the General Election , if their disqualification was established by tbe tat of having given , or promised to give , ' any money , employment , or reward to any voter , in order to influence his vote . ' They would he so fevr that we cannot name them ; yet * according to De Lolme , all such acts are opposed to the British Constitution ; but the British Honse of Commons exists , and its members are elected by practices opposed to the Theory tf that Constitution of which they form an important part .
Again , the ' intelligent foreigner' reads , 'Ithas moreover been established that no Lord of Parliament , or Lord Lieutenant of a county , has any right ' o interfere in the elections of members ; that any officer of the Excise , Customs , & c ., who shall prestane to intermeddle in elections , by influencing any voter to give or withhold his rote , shall forfeit one hundred pounds , and be disabled to hold any office . ' How striking is the contrast : — 'It is moreover the
practice of the Lords of Parliament and Lord Lieutenants of counties , through the mediums of their land agents and other servants , to influence elections by fray means in their power , to threaten , intimidate , and bribe , frequently too , for the express purpose of ^ timing members of their own families to serve as Members of Parliament , and thereby lessen the independent action of the Commons . ' Theory is what the Practice ought to be , the Practice is the antithesis of the Theory .
The Theory of tlie British Constitution is purity at elections , and the unbiassed exercise of the suffrages ofthe electors . Tbe practice is for persons having sectional objects to accomplish to unite together in 'Leagues , 'for the express purpose of accomplishing their own end by every ^ possible means at their command . A few men in Manchester form themselves info an Elation , and by extraordinary exertions on- their Pari they succeed in influencing all the elections in ^ Slaad .
. A section ofthe Roman Catholics of Ireland unite 12 body as a Catholic Defence Association , and * % exhort their fellow-citizens to return to Parliament : _ « Those who , regardless of family ties , being ^ iflur Whigs nor Tories , will unite , as one man , to ^ pose any government , by whatever name it may be fe which refuses justice to Catholics , and to supl ^ t uny Govoiximent , l > y whatever name it may he : ^ H which will concede it ; ' ' Justice to Catholics , ' ^ nch case meaning a giving np of deliberate judg-. ?* on all purely secular matters , to secure a party ^ niBph to a religious sect .
W ttmrso it would be impossible for the Catholics . ^ eland not to have a counterpart in England and ^' -cotiand . A'Catholic Defence Association' be-§^ , V ^ rotestant ; -AHiance 3 * the members of which j « : eir zeal make every interest subservient to Pro-^ aa ? is . ^ jmi such a Protestantism it is ! as intoi ^* . asbi gotted , as illiberal , as Roman Catholicism lit . ' , ^ Protestant Alliance are warm , zealous i ^ ' ^ dbusy themselves in matters they had much tj 0 ,. ' et alone . Just now thoy are striving with Jvgj j ^ d main to prevent the re-election of Mr . ^ 2 rf f ° B 5 rmiDgnara - Ifc wonld be wel 1 for ^ afi !? Canvas * who at this time are so busy in ^ tth to § ° nomB an their prayers , ao to jt ey hiay become more tolerant in all that relates ^ uaro 15 ° ^ otners « an less overbearing in the V £ t ? - fteir clerical datieB - F % i " " systematic array of organised factions hif ' * **} ' * at elections is as spotless as a perwnsci ence ; and De Lolme ' d theory ofthe
Theory Of The British Constitution, And ...
proper exercise of the Suffrage is little batter than a farce . We return to our 'intelligent foreigner , ' whom we suppose to have his knowledge of the British Constitution from our great authorities . There he js , with Blackstone ' s 'Commentaries' before him , r eading with admiration : — The Commons consist of all tuolt men of property in the kingdom aihavenotstauin the Iiouseot" Lords , every one of which li < i £ a velum in Parliament , either pi rsonally or by his representatives . In a free state , every man who la supposed a free agent , ought to be , iu some measure , his o * n governor ; and-, tliereforc , a branch at least of the Legislative potter should reside in the whole body of the paople .
An to the qunlincntions ofthe electors . Tin true reason for requiring any qualification , with regard to property in voters , is , to exduue such persons as are in so mean a situation as to have no will . if their own . If these persons had votes , they would be tempted to di-poss of tbem under some undue itfluc-nco or other . This would give a ' great , an artful , and a wealthy man a larger shire i i elections than is consistent with general liberty . If it were probable that every man would give his voice freely , and rritheut influence ci any kind , then , upon the true theory and principles cf liberty , every member of the community , however poor , should have a vote in electing those dciegatea , to whose charge it committed the disposal of his property , his liberty , and his life .
The teaching of Blackstone , as applied to the practices of this country , will prove that . Englishmen are not freemen . Tens of thousands of persons are not in any way represented in the British House . bf Commons ; and not any branch of the legislative power resides 'in the whole body of the people ;' and if all such persons as 'have no will of their own' were excluded from voting at the forthcoming election , thousandsof the present electors would be disfranchised ; andif all those who would vote uncontrolled by undue influence had votes , not a few who are now non-eiectors would be enfranchised . If it be inconsistent with ' general liberty' for a great , an artful , and a wealthy man , to exercise a powerful influence at elections , there is in England much , very much , of such inconsistency .
According to the theory of the British Constitution , all interests should he represented in the Parliament . Where , we ask , are the representatives of Labour ? Let them be named . To us they are unknown . Yet the labourer has property , liberty , and life at stake ; but in the disposal thereof he has no part . The demand now made , much too feebly , for a representation of the interests of Labour in Parliament , is not a barren and a vulgar cry . It is the assertion
of a great constitutional right ; and as such it ought to he understood and encouraged . When the theory of the British Constitution , and its practice , are consistent with each other , then will the true interests of Labour be represented in the legislature , the laws , and the institutions of this country . Until then , Great Britain will , to every ' intelligent foreigner , ' and to ; every 'intelligent Englishman / when her acts are tested by her professions , present the pitiable spectacle of gross inconsistency . Geacchus .
Btmotvatit Jaofchttem
Btmotvatit jaofcHttem
30- Our Friends Will Oblige By Forwardin...
30- Our Friends will oblige by forwarding reports of Chartist meetings , and ctL ^ Democratic proceedings .
Chartism. Fimsbcht Locamtt, Jane Loth.—M...
CHARTISM . Fimsbcht Locamtt , Jane loth . —Mr . Keith in the chair . The following resolutions were unanimously adopted : — " That a vote thanks be given to J . Bell , * M . P ., for his praiseworthy endeavours to obtain for Mr . O'Connor medicai advice and treatment during his committal to the custody of the Sergeant-at-Arms ; and hope his human endeavours may be crowned with success , and see tbe restoration of Mr . O'Connor to the full enjoyment of his faculties , mental and physical , "— " That a vote of thanks be given to the Executive for their strenuous and successful endeavors to clear ofi the debt incurred by the previous Executive , and that this vote is the more merited , since tbis is the first time a Chartist Executive have persevered until they have
got out of debt ; an example worthy to be followed . "" That we tender to our Irish brethren the expression of our heartfelt satisfaction at the successful escape of that glorious young patriot Thomas Francis Meagher ; and esj press a hope that a great and happy future is in store for huS under the protecting flag of Republican America . " Tm meeting then adjourned . [ Received on Friday , June 18 t —too late for insertion in last Saturday ' s "Star of Fre ' eH dom . "l '^ Ship Locmiv . —Moved by Mr . T . Shaw , saoonded by Mr . G . Smith— " That having learned from our delegate the intolerant spirit of partisanship continually displayed at the Metropolitan Delegate Council , and believing iu the utter impossibility of the true sentiments of pure and independent Democracy being heard on the occasions of such assemblages , we hereby determine to discontinue the attendance of onr representatives to that body , and respectfully request onr brother Chartists opposed to tyranny and manworsbip , to withdraw also ; and , we hereby express our utmost
confidence in the honesty and political integrity of Mr . J . Stratton , and to tender our thanks to that gentleman for his manly exposures of the rascalities of the would-ba dictator of Chartism , Napoleon the Little . " —Carried . Moved by Mr . Knowles , seconded by Mr . Docksey : — "That the members of this locality hail with delight and satisfaction , in the Democratic field , the appearance of George White and other good men and true , battling our cause so nobly , and courageously exposing the chicanery , deception , and fraud practised by a diapicablo clique , whose disgusting assumptioa of power to rule British Chartism , and arrogate to themselves tbe sole dictatorship over the people ' s affairs , in defiance of their legally elected officers , is calculated inevitably to estrange our friends , and provoke the bitter hostility of our foes . We , therefore , entertaining the utmost confidence in the real Democrats of the West Riding , hereby tender to those gentlemen our sincere and heartfelt thanks . "— Geoboe Smith , Secretary .
V?Asi London Democratic Association.—At ...
v ? asi London Democratic Association . —At a meeting of this body the following plan of organisation was adopted : — POLITICAL FREEDOM AKD SOCIAL JUSTICE . IDE WIS ! LONDON DEMOCBirJO ASSOCIATION , Objects . Established for the purpose of obtaining a reform in the constitution of the Commons House of Parliament , baaed upon the principles of Universal Manhood Suffrage , Annual Parliaments , Tote by Ballot , No Property Qualification , Payment of Members , Equal Electoral Districts , and gradually to procure those social changes in the state whereby each individual member of the community shall be allowed to work when and at what he pleases , and to have full control over the distribution of the proceeds of his own industry . Rules . 1 . That we meet once a week for the enrolment of Members , and discussion of political and social questions .
2 . That a Secretary and Treasurer be appointed ; time of office to terminate quarterly . 3 . That a Council of nine be appointed , including the Secretary and Treasurer , to transact the general business of . the society , subject to the approval of tbo members thereof , five to form a quorum , and that a new Council he chosen quarterly . 4 . That any person may become a member of this society by the payment of one penny entrance , and one halfpenny weekly for the general expenses of the association . 5 . That the accounts of the society be audited , and a balance sheet of receipts and expenditure be produced every quarter . o . That any member proposing a subject for discussion shall give notice of the same iu writing one week previous to its taking place , the proposer to be allowed one half hour , and each , succeeding speaker one quarter of an hour , and no member to he allowed to speak more than once ou tbe same question unless in explanation , by permission of the Chairman .
Moved by Mr . Gaest , seconded by Mr . Hunniball : — " That Mr . W . J . Dighloy be appointed Secretary . " Moved by Mr . Packer , seconded by Mr . Pakes : — " That Mr . Boyston be appointed Treasurer . " Carried . A Council of nine was then chosen , and the meeting then separated , to meet again on Suiid .-iy evening , June 27 th , at haif-past seven o ' clock , for eight . —W . J . Highlet , 17 , Upper Cleavelandstreet , New-road .
Tuu Laxe West Lulhxii Iu5legate Meeting....
TUU LAXE WEST lUlHXii IU 5 LEGATE MEETING . — TO THE CHARTISTS OF GREAT BRITAIN . Bkoihek Dimocbms , —I have thought it necessary to offer a few remarks to you on the proceedings of the late West Riding Delegate Meeting , and the events connected therewith . This division of the county of York has long been the battle ground on which the various political parties havo fought out their differences , and its uecision has always been considered a final settlement of the question in dispute ; and that decision has invariably beon on the side of libertv . Every great parliamentary struggle has been fought out here ; and the general rusulfc of these contests has shown bevond a doubt , that the West Riding of Yorkshire is the right arm oi English Freedom . And while the electors of this district have practically shown themselves in favour of " the progressive principle , " the non-electors havo shown themselves in favour of the most ultra-Democratic
government . The decision of the West Riding on any political question having become of so much importance , it is natural to suppose , that no aspiring political chief will overlook the importance of having its decision in his favour . It was here where Chartism first assumed a tangible shape under the organisation and nauio of the Great Northern Union . Id was here the " Northern Star" first sprang into existence and dealt forth those terrible blows against oppres-« on and injustice , which won for it a world-wide renown amongst the down-trodden sons of toil . It was from these hills that the echoing sound of O'Connor ' s voice rouged tho slumbering millions to life and activity . And now that the principle of Oo »» ackism is sought to be engrafted upon the Democratic tree , it is to the men of the West Riding that tha anxious sods of freedom look for tho overthrow of tho attempted usurpation . And by the energy , activity , and perseverance of the men of the West Riding , the usurpers will be either driven into their semes , or out of the mowm The first act of the farce was played in Manchester ; but
Tuu Laxe West Lulhxii Iu5legate Meeting....
it required the sanction ofthe men of these districts to give a semblance of authority to the affair . The Wesi Riding Delegate Meeting , which was held at Bradford on tho ISth of June , was the largest and most important that was over held in that district , and the decision which it gave showed it is still true to its character—prepared to defend the right and oppose the wrong . As there was an apparent sanction given to the , calling of the Conference by the West Riding Delegates , I deem it my duty to lav before you a true statement of tho facts of ? he case , and then letve you to judge for yourselves what weight ought to h » httached to the former decision oome to in the name of the Hiding . I n « d « o » io # ly joaiiad you that Mr . Jones was tho first and only man that mooted the subject of calling a Conference . Thou » h not a single
locality , or even a single Chartist , had ever thought of such a thing , until ho , through misrepresentation and falsehood , had aroused a spirit of jealousy and doubt in tho minds of those who were under his influence , and it was at his individual dictation that the subject was taken up . Acting under the instructions of Mr . Jones , the Halifax Chartists ordered me to call a West Riding Delegate Meeting , for February 1 , for the purpose of taking this subject into consideration . Delegates attended that meeting from Bradford , Halifax , Huddersfleld , Keighley , Todmorden , Bingley , and Midgeley , It was moved that Cockroft , of Halifax , take the chair , which he refused to do " unless he was allowed the privilege * " of moving , or seconding any resolution ; and of having ° a ¦ ' i casting vote in addition , " should it happen that the votes wereequal at any time . On these privileges being foolishly
granted to him , he took the chair . When the resolution was put in favour of the Manchester Council calling a Conference , the votes were equal , and Cockroft , as chairman , gave the casting vote in favour of tho resolution ! The authority , therefore , for calling the Conference , so far as the West Riding was concerned , rested on a mere trick , which ' gave tho chairman two votes . The week following the Bradford Council repudiated the vote of their delegate , as being contrary to his instructions . Under these circum . stances , the vote could not be considered binding . And no one wishful for fair play would , under these circumstances , hare persevered in a course supported by such slender authority . The night following we put our principles to the test at a full meeting held ia the Odd Fellows ' Hall , and were out-voted by a considerable majority ! The
working classes , as was evident , vot « d for both tho resolution and the amendment ; while the middle classes voted only for their own motion , and thus obtained a majority equal fo their own number ; " ? Somewhere about the same time a similar result took place at Bradford . This was convincing evidence to any one of common sense , that to persevere any furjtfcer in our obstructive policy , would only expose our weaknessy ' and subject us to further defeats . Under these hnpressiona I wrote to Mr . Jones , begging of him , except'he wished entirely to destroy the movement , to alter his mode of preceding , and advised him , now that it was evident that noMpapression could be made on the co-operators , and seeing-that the iron masters demanded such outrageous terras . fromthe men that it would be impossible they could be acceded to until every means oi
resistance in their power were exhausted , to cease his attacks upon these bodies , seeing that he only made us enemies by the course he waa pursuing , without doing us any good . I likewise told him how die vote had been obtained at the delegate meeting , and pointed out to him that only three localities could be depended upon for supporting his projected coup d ' etat . He wrote me back a letter containing'the following startling passages : " Never heed , drive on 1 drive on 1 no matter ; it is not tho men , but the cause ! As to co-operators , unionists , & o ., drive on !! drive !! is the motto . If Sheffield , Leeds , Bradford , and Keighley , will not , let those who will — Halifax , HuddwsfiV-l . d and Midgeley . It will set the others a-going , and by and bye they'll come limping after . " Up to this time I had still some confidence in Mr . Jones , though it
had been considerably shaken by the unjust powers whioh he ; : claimed in tho prospectus which he had issued for tha Starting of his paper , and tbe outrageously unfair manner lavwhiohae had explained away the possibility pf the people ^ tiag . ^ aVpaper of thoir own , after having . emphatically w | raed ^ mtoyer to allow another , pa per to be started on the' ^ dSdp ^^ oi ple . The receipt of this letter , however , compTel ^ j ^^^ dA the last lingering hope which I had of him : * ^^ g «^^^* inyself what it was we were'to " drive oa" forjf ^^ ffl ^^^^ as . we were driving to ; and how the cause ' p »^ lbe . ^ aj ^ ii ' coe 88 ful by . pursuing a course whiohTedtioe ^ ur' ^ umt ^^' iDoreased ' our enemies ? I now saw " why th &> wJK «^«^ Sras : sought-to be accomplished , and was driven ^ KSjftonplusion , by 'the ^ force of object
the evidence before me , ^ tflat ^^ asoijly desired was the building up of a party aroah'd'SQfei'JoBeB , which object was sought to beaccompliBhedby ^ bj ^ kiiig up the existing organisation of the movement , ahdJcarefuUy . rooting out and destroying every man of name and : " uifliietice , under | Me , ide & that when this was accomplished , ? and the organi-Pjion was destroyed , the people would flookaround the ¦ wstandard , and cry , "Longlive Ernest Johes' / 'iOr , to I ^ Uus own words , " they would come limping after . " ^ Hk £ set out in the world as a Democrat , I set out for the S ^ HkH & idiog in the destruction of despotism , and not lO ^ HRttnOse of building up a new and more hateful tyrahny—aHtoateful , because cloaked in the garb of Democracy . "Bmfcis is a digression , from which , however , I will returnHHkMk . which have
The dele ^ H ^ Htmg to I referred , having been in s ^ nBHBi |^ all'fied by public protests which had be ^ 6 HRBfejn 8 t it by Bradford and Heighley , I was orderi ^^ H » hor , for the 2 Sth of March , io be held . atBradford ^ KujfflHBj ^ legates were presenttwo of them from Halifaj } SM ^ KEalif ax constituted one half of the meeting ; . ^ wMJM ^ hark " itBat as soma doubt existed whether % th ^^ H ^ K |^^^ mer vote would be repudiated or \ n 6 ti ^§ HWffiwB write to George White , of the Democratic A ¥ soj ^ K 9 Ktwas considered that body was in favour of thoe ^^^^ WfI did so , but they did not send a delegate . On this i sfnprputhority from the West Riding , the Manchester CoTTieronce ve & U . The West Riding Chartists , as . a body , " ' never sanctioned it . It was only the work of three or four districts at the utmost , who \ acting under the immediate dictation of Mr . Jones , adopted so suicidal a measure . \
Another delegate meeting was convened ^ week'before call , ing the Conference , when the authority of the Manchester Council was again called in question , and protested against . Only four places were represented again , and Bradford , which allows itself to ba governed by its Council ( had got a new one , and "jumped Jim Crow ) , " had two delegates , and therefore constituted two-fifths of the meeting , and only required one vote besides their own , to cany any motion . This meeting was called to furnish the delegates who might be sent from the West Riding with instructions as to what kiad of policy should be recommended to the Conference , and the policy there recommended was to be supported by the delegates who were sent from any part of the Riding . Halifax was the only place in the Riding wbieh had sent a delegate , and he voted directly contrary
to-the resolution of the delegate meeting , which was in favour , of a conciliatory policy . He now claims the authority ' of the vote whioh was oome to and maintained by a mere trick at tho delegate meeting , as the ground on whioh tbe Riding ought to support tbe spurious Executive elected there , while he denies that its authority was binding on him regarding the policy whijli was to be pursued . I maintain that if be violated tha-eQuditions on whioh it was greed that an Executive should bejelected , he forfeits all claim to tbe support of the Riding ; even though tbe whole of the localities had been iu favour of the calling of the Conference , which it is evident they were not . Having thus laid before you tb * part which the Riding took in the affair previous to the telling of the Conference , I shall now proceed to an exanjination ofthe delegate
meeting , which was called fortbe purpose of examining its acts , and either admitting ^ r rejecting its authority . It has been seen that previous . to the calling of the Conference very few of the localities took any part in tho matter . It waa thought by some that tbe number of localities in favour of calling it were so few that it would never bo called , and by others that tbe number of delegates would be so few that they would not have the hardihood to proceed to any business . In coming to this conclusion they had misunderstood the character of the prime mover of it . Seeimj , however , that , it had been called , ' and that eight men had had the presumption to set aside the legally constituted authority of the Chartist body , and set up an Executive of unknown and untried men ; that they had interfered with tho liberty
01 tbe Democratic press , appointed Mr . Jonea legislatorgeneral of the-Chartist movement ; and that they had adopted a policy which had already crippled and destroyed the movement , and made the very name of Chartism stink , tbe old localities rose up from their slumbers with a determination to rescue the cause of freedom from the degradation which was sought to be inflicted upon it . The number of delegates assembled at Bradford waa , perhaps , the largest that ever met together in the West Riding . And singularly enough , the " smashing" policy , whioh was to bo tbe guiding principle of the new party , and which was thc only machinery provided for putting down thoir opponents , was first brought to bear against a West Riding Chartist Dglegate Meeting . Hence we may infer that in future the Chartist body is to bo governed by club law .
And should any deliberative assembly of that party venture to deny the infallibility of the newly proclaimed king , or refuse to obey any ukase which he may issue forth , a band of ignorant ruffians will be marched in upon them to put them down . No such outrage was ever committed upon a Democratic assembly as that which took place on Sunday the 13 th of June . Can any man with his eyes open place any confidence , or believe in the sincerity of a man , who , in order to serve his own ambitious ends , oan thus tear asunder and destroy tho movement , and sit in the midst oi tho destruction which his designs have wrought , and actually demand leave to spew out his venom in an assembly where he had no more business than the Pope of Rome '; and to crown all , covers his black deeds with " a tissue ofthe " most barefaced and palpable lies that ever were penned ( '& s was done in his paper of Saturday list , as 1 sh » ,
" prove beyond the power of contradiction . " Judging from the attitude which hit blind dupes have assumed , there is an end of delegate meetings , unless the delegates all go prepared to vote for , or rather carry exit , any mandate that he may think proper to issue . But for the benefit of those of his party who live in the West Riding of Yorkshire , I have to tell them that having set up an establishment of their own , and repudiated the National Charter Association , they have no longer ftny right at our meetings , either as delegates or Otherwise . Nor will they be allowed for tbe future to interfere with our business until they hare seen t he error of their ways , abandoned their despotic pretensions , and returned back to the society . Mr . Jones has given a report and a digest of the meeting in his paper , and , in doing so , he has fully carried out his threat of reporting " as little as he liked , and as he liked . " In some parts of his report , * ' he has put the words into
Tuu Laxe West Lulhxii Iu5legate Meeting....
one man ' s mouth which were uttered by another '' Mr Stainsby charged Messrs . Cameron and Sundeiia ' nd jrirh having been elected at a private house , only four person " being present—themselves and other two . Jones reports it to he Sunderland that had brought the charge against Ryder and Stainsby ! which is false , as proved by tbo fact that , at the meeting where thoy were elected an address was adopted , signed by eighteen names , all of whom vrere present , and voted for their election . But this is only A sample of the maaaor ! n which ho has reported (») the proceedings of the meeting . He reports that there was a greut uproar and confusion , but forgets to tell his readers who it was that created the disturbance . He has given an analysis of the delogatos , but as he seems not to be in possession of tho necessary materials for such a purpose , or , if he is , has wilfully kept them back , I will endeavour , next week , to supply the deficiency for him , Christopher Suacklexos .
Halifax. To The Editor Ov Tue Stab 0v Fr...
HALIFAX . To THE EDITOR OV TUE STAB 0 V FREEDOM . Dkau Sir . —The only consideration which has induced me to accept the position of corresponding secretary for the Chartists meeting at the Labour and Health , Halifax locality , is a desire and determination to do what I can to remove , r . s far as possible , tho odium which has been brought upon tho Chartists generally , by the injudicious conduct of some of tho professed votaries of the Charter With this object in view , my services will be at thc command of tlio . e trho think with me , although , in doing so , my motives may be falsely interpreted , and my character maligned by those to whom I havo beon of soma servica in past periods of trials and difficulties , brought on by actions of wildness , which would bo the height of niadnew to repeat .
Factious antagonism has had its day , and its fruits arc divisions a , r . d weakness . The moral strength of Chartism is scattered and almost destroyed ; therefore it is high time to collect its best parts into one focus , and commence an agitation more in accordance with the spirit of the ago . Men of business who are desirous and determined to succeed , make use of the means within their reacli ; they do not object to make the effort because the material with whioh they have to work is not exactly up to the standard which thoy consider tho best . Thoir policy is to attain this standard by progressive advances , honco they succeed . We require a little more of this policy , and instead of denouncing the middle classes in unmeasured terms , as some are in the habit of doing , we ought to push them on in order that thoy may obtain those reforms which they desire
to effect as speedily as possible , for they cannot break down any monopoly , no matter how insignificant it may appear , without increasing the power of tho producing classes . It is unjust , unwise ; nay , it is a species of madness , to continue to denounce this class , for though in appearance they are separated from ua by opposing interests , yet it is not so in reality : —Tho merchant , manufacturer , shopkeeper , and operative , constitute one great producing machine , and whatever principle- prevents tbe harmonious working of this machine is injurious to all its parts . The divisions , perhaps , may not b ' o of tho wijast character , but like every thing in society they must submit to changes and probably reconstruction , when tbe amount of knowledge exists adequate to produce such a change . In tho meantime they exist , !| Bnd instead of denouncing any of the
component parts , it would be much hotter to endeavour to make them subservient to our interests . There is a common failing attachable to all parties , whioh leads men to blame tho nearest object or agent visible to them , as being tbo cause of their sufferings . A man accuses his employer of being tyrannical towards him , and feels that he has not the power to resent the tyranny ; brooding thoughts take possession of that man , revenge lurks in his breast , which only waits a suitable opportunity of being carried into effect ; the fear of consequences deter him from acting . Can such a man , labouring under such feelings , be a proper agent for effecting peaceable progressive changes ? . Not he , indeed—he ia just the man to gulp down tho wholesale denunciations of tho whole body of tho middle classes with as keen a relish as the hunter devours the repast prepared
for him after a day ' s chas « . It was a dssirs to revenge the expatriation of his uncle that led Mr . O'Connor to pursue the line of policy which he did . He denounced the middle classes , sought to form a party of working men who would enable him to effect his object . His policy has been carried on for years , and its end to Mr . O'Connor is natural , but lamentable . Who can lire for years in mental excitement , produced by the loud plaudits of thousands in different parts of the country , and excitement produced again by his plans being continually thwarted by enemies of his own creating . The end is significant of the means—revenge is an unholy passion , capable of producing incalculable evil but impotent for good . Denunciations are not arguments , therefore are incapable of generating intelligence , the only power adequate to the removal of evil . Tyranny is a
resulttho tyrant is an agent—the principle which generates the tyrant must be removed , and tyranny will cease . If a tyrant could be annihilated , the tyranny would not cease , because the agent is merely removed to be replaced by another more sevsre and determined , therefore means should be sought to remove the cause , and the effect would cease . Ignorance is the principal cause of tyranny—the laws of nature demand that man must be put under governing influences , and it has placed their germs in his constitution . The laws of all civilised society demand their government for the preservation of society . This being- the case , those who have not the power to govern themselves must be placed under the control of others ; but no man will undertake to govern another unless he receives a remuneration for such care . It
therefore ia evident that a man when he seeks employment from another , has lost the power to control and direct his own actions , as to supply the common wants of his nature , and therefore submits to the necessity of putting himself under the control and direction of another . It has been truly said , " for a man to be free it is sufficient that he wills it ; " but man cannot will without intelligence j he cannot have intelligence without labour and research , and a developing of his powers of reflection . Slavery will always exist under all forms" of government , and only become exterminated when intelligence covers tho earth as the " waters cover the face of the great deep . " My intention is to write my thoughts on a subject of somo importance to your readers for insertion in your next Saturday ' s publication . Yours truly , Jo « n Cuwan , Jun .
Haiu?A.X.. -At A Meeting Of The Members ...
HAiu ? A . x .. -At a meeting of the members of the Chartist Association at the Labour and Heaitb ^ ffl ^ fax , on Tuesday , the Hth inst . —Mr . MundejjjfaJiglSSS-it was moved by William Horsfall , and seco ' ntHMHEhyadsnorth : — " That the thanks of tbis mebtwS & BSpfipd are hereby given , to Francis Mitchell and MBjKc ^ is , our delegates at the late West Riding meetiol ^ adLcorrespondence for tbis locality must be addro ! ie $ | JqJir . John Cnlpanjun ., Union-street , Halifax , [ The abop ^ fiyed too " late for insertion in last Saturday ' s " Star of'Prefdom . " ] —June 21 st , 1852 , —At an adjourned meeting" held alShe ^ above house Mr , Baxendale iu the chair , the fo $$ g § gf resolutions were carried unanimously . Proposed byfEami
Edwards , seconded by J . Hargreaves : — "Thathaving ' realt the reports of the West Riding Delegate Meeting in ffitf " Star of Freedom , " and the " People ' s Paper , " we have ' no hesitation in declaring that the report in the so-called "People ' s (?) Paper" is nothing but a tissue of the grossest falsehoods , and we hereby record our utter abhorence of the conduct of men who could descend so low for the mere purpose of gratify ing their own personal ambition . " Moved by Frank Mitchell , seconded by Thomas Nicholl ; — " That the best thanks of this meeting are due , and are hereby given , to the reporter of the " Star of Freedom " for the faithful report which he gave of the West Riding Delegate Meeting . ' '
Sheffield . —The Council held their weekly meeting on Sunday in the Democratic Temperance Hotel , 33 , Queenstreet . Mr . Joseph Leek in the chair . Correspondence was read , asking our co-operation in respect to Mr . S . M Kydd ' s candidature for the West Riding ; On " the motion of Mr . Whaley , seconded by Mr . Roberts , it was resolved : — " That we forthwith commence to raise subscriptions for that purpose , and that the necessary steps be taken as soon as convenient , to secure that gentleman ' s services at Sheffield , believing that much good would result from Mr . Kydd going through the West Riding in the character of a candidate . " Subscriptions will be gladly received at the under-mentioned places : —Mr . John Allinson , Treasurer , Doncaster-street ; Mr . Whaley , Pits-moor : Mr . R . Bach , Furnis Hill ; Mr . Leek , North Parade ; Mr . B . Ineson West Bar-green ; Mr . Roberts , Chester-street : Mr . Thos .
£ A -i . oo * ' ' Ha S > Spring-street ; and at Mr ; b . Cavil 833 , Queen-street . After an additional number of members had been enrolled , the meeting adjourned , with the fullest determination to goon turning neither to the left hand nor to tho right , impeding none , but helping on fraternal and truth-seeking Domocracy . -G . Cavh . To the Cdariists of Paisley . -A few friends of progress in this locality have convened a meetin for tho purpose of forming a Chartist Association ; all who are friendly are earnestly invited to attend . The meeting to be held in S wiW 8 $ ? ell ? T , ' , 2 i New 8 tre <* . on the evening of Monday the 28 th , ^ hal f- t eight o ' clock . Brother 25 ll » J YT P » les a « worth having , they are worth workmg for ; if they are worth that , why should we allow petty personal considerations to stand between us and our duty , when every day ' s experience proves tlaUh opposi ion of our enemies has done our cause less evil than the SSI WF - ° n friend 8 ' ™ V tK should « still persist in hugging the scorpion that consumes us . "
Unite than XT ? ^ V ? leveI with <"" great cause ? Unite thou , and let our professions be tested bv our activity babilitv iSt * " £ nmeIU ° ° P »« cSs 7 aud the ? j £ labSi nsSdof * te e may yet TP « " » " » ofouv iaoourg , instead of letting our name become the scorn and bye-word of future progressionists . Yours in behalf of the Association , fnoMAS Smith , Secretary , pro tern . KimcAlT ) 7 , —0 n Tuesday evening JuneTirt ti , n mombet . of the Kirkcaldy District Cha ' rfcist 1 SiaUon S a number of their friends , held a Soiree in the Link's Meal Hall . Mr . Wishan in ' the chair . UpwardsTofsSnVvsa down to tea . A number of ori ginK ^ Sfl " re 3 NBWCA 6 riE . oif . Tr . VE -At the meeting of members on Wednesday week in tbe Democrntic Hall , Nuan-atreot Mr Peter Murryin tho ohair .-Gcorge GrantTopS John Brown seconded , the following resolution ? 2 kh ifi
Chartists of this locality dissolve , seeing tint the Executive debt is paid off , whioh they ( the Executive ) were responsioie for . 'Angus M'Leod moved as an amendment , seconded by William Johnson : — " That it be the option pf this meeting , that the present , Executive deserve th » sincere and heartfelt thanks ofthe veritable Chartists for
Haiu?A.X.. -At A Meeting Of The Members ...
the business-like manner in which they conductel the affairs of tho Association , inasmuch as when they accepted office , they found tho affairs of the said Association in a " ^ ' npti state , whioh debt they have honourably discharged ; . w t } i ! lt WG t | , e Chartists of Newcastle , have full confidence in tlio jjreoonf-. Executive , believing them to bo eminently qualified to restore Chartism to that dignified position which it ought to hold . " Voted for the amendnMUit ^ ten ; for the motion , two ; and two neutral . Unanimmul y resolved— " That we hold our meetings in tutureon Mondnv nights , at eight o ' clock , instead of Wodnwday . » -. c . B . Khl-M , Corresponding Secretary , 2 , uirnuton-terraco , Gateshoad-on-TynO . trm , w lTESni ^ - " ~ In . i « stioo to ourselves wo fool bound to Timi . i ° " Wlth this Jetter » in consequence of Mr . Ernest his . iL e * " , wvitten an ( 1 propagated a false statement in « nnuw ™ ^* ' * P aP 0 ,, » wherein ho accuses us of creating thn » n « Wl l 0 B in Cheltenham . Now . Mr . E . Jones had iue report of the small meetino- hold in Cheltenham sent to
» ,, ' on T * i' * ? . » tmotl y rtnted that tho interruption of whom haK u . ' wWc ' consi 3 M 0 ( s ' V evsons < tw 0 past om of m ?^ ^' tl ' ° movement for some time E J fa ° that vZJlZ ^ TT ^ " eutraI - Wr - - Jones dmvthai th ^ tnfKr 1 rodo l ryUim - or an > " of bis fviend 3 » t 0 "Son tsa , ilr a 3 n 0 ° thdr si , ie - ^ ' « J . » y » . were ™ toSnJf n AT ? raost wby'Mtrue , and sorry ide SomSl , fniM T ^ an ,, ubi 1 uity ™ c ali o * W « ? 1 ! S » £ J 0 " ° 5 8 TOraoi'r- And with regard to numerical strength , we do not sec that M ,- E Jones's party have anyth ng to boast of , Wo **!! i , ^ fo 2 h town . f the locality of the National Charter Assoc Jt on which emanated from the whole Chartist body , cannot number as many members as tho » smashing" Chartist Association created by a faction . Our sole objection to the Manchester Conference was , its not emanating from Universal auttrage , Even those opposed to us here , agreed that the London Executive were right in endeavouring , before moving turtber , to pay off the Chartist debt . From all w « hnv «
Beon and read , it is Ernest Jones and his party who have committed those crimes—for crimes they are against true ciemocraey-of division , bluster , and noise . —We remain , hi ' , yours fraternally , John Hemmin . Wm . E . Adams , James Wover , Edward Sharland . Bibmisoiiam . —Hail of Phooress . —Last Sunday a pleasant , tea party was held , despite the unfarourableneaa of the weather . After the tea an elaborate report was road , which was followed by a discourse from Mr . Broom ou " the wreat and the Good ! " It coutnineil eloquent eulogiums on wuileo , Giaiione , Voltaire , Carlile , Paine , Palmer , Auguste , wmte , and others . It is to be published in " Mankind . " Alter the discourse , the following sentiments were proposed :- •« Robert Owen ; let us strive to imitate him , so !» » !»? an bo wise » discroet , consistent , and disinterested . This was eloquently responded to by Mr . c-Kovett . 'Politics ; may they be rationally and publicly c ugfit till every member of sooiotv understands them . "
Mr . Woodard sentontiously introduced it . " Secular Education ; wo must co-operate , to educate tho young , so that iue old may bo worthy of universal esteem . " This was Briefly dwelt upon by Mr . Wright . *»• The Star of Freedom , let its light bo followed by tho people , whilo it reveals tneir progress . " Mr . Broom enforced this sentiment , and glowingly dwelt upon tho fact that so paper evorgavo such ready assistance to societies when in thoir infancy , nor over gave suoh ready help to tho efforts of the people . During tho evening several recitations wore given , and many ny mns of progress were sung . Next Sunday , on Goster ureen , Mr , Broom will preach , in tho evening at tho hall he will discourse on •< Living Heroes . "
Brawobd , YonnsniRB—Tho adjourned meeting of the Democras of Bradford waa held on Tuesday evening , Juna m , at Mitcholl ' s Temperance Hotel , Union-street . —Mr . .. % rg Denwme in l " * " * - ^ was then resolved - : that the name of this Booiety be thi Bradford Social and Democratic Association . '" Moved by John Smith , seconded by William Hogson :- « That the objects of this Society b » to forward the Social and Political Emancipation of the 1 cople . After many rules for tho guidance ofthe Societv had been passed , tho following ofilcers were elected for tha next three months—Thomas Carr , Joseph Stansfield , George Damaine , Thomas Wilcoek ; Jonathan Ha ' rtly , President ; William Stansby , Treasurer ; John Smith , Financial Secretary ; Robert Ryder , Corresponding Scoretary . After which tho following resolution was unanimously carried : — « That the . Secretary write to Mr . James
brasaby for fifty cards of the National Charter Association . Five now members were added to the Society , and the meeting adjourned to Tuesday evening next . To be held at Mr . Priestley ' s Temperance Hotel , Jatnes-street . — Cormpondent .
Guide To The Lecture-Room. Areoparus Cof...
GUIDE TO THE LECTURE-ROOM . AreopaRUS Coffee and Reading Room , 50 , OhnrcU-lane , White cbiipel . —UrerySunday , Monday , and Wednesday ( 6 ) , aLecture or DiBcusfion . * fei- - ¦ City Forum Coffee House , CO , Redcross-street . $ 8 » ry Sunday , Monday , and Thursday , ( 8 J ) , a Lecture . jflSSSir Commercial Hall , Fhilpot street , Commereia ] Pad ? ea 8 t . --Theo . logical Discussions every Sunday morning ( 11 ) , , gofiuay etoning ( 7 ) . Tuesday ( 8 ) , Thursday ( 8 ) , and Saturday ( 8 ) . " m ^ ' v- ' fi , Working Men ' s Academy , Edgar-strect , Preston . ti . lfcture every Sunday at 10 a . m . —Discussion every Sunday evening .
Representation Of Southwark. A Public Me...
REPRESENTATION OF SOUTHWARK . A public meeting of the electors of thekbove borough was held on Friday evening to hear an adlKess from Apsley Pcllatt , Esq ., at the Rotunda , Blackfriara-road . The vast theatre was densely crowded . P . C . Jones , Esq ., was called to the chair . The Chaiuman ia opening the proceedings ofthe evening said , Mr . Eellatt was a candidate for their suffrages , behoving he would make a thorough busine 8 s-man ° in the House of Commons . ( Cheors . ) Mr . Apslet Pellatt , on rising , was received with tremendous cheering . He said that , having had the high honour to receive a requisition numerously and respectably signed , he had not hesitated to leave the comforts and quietude of domestic life for the bustle and anxiety peculiar
to any public engagement . He would proceed to state his political vie trs . —First , He was in favour of a large Exteusiou of the Suffrage . " Ho would give it to every man , whether housekeeper or lodger , who had resided iu his dwelling for six months . ( Cheers . ) The Ballot was needed , in order to promote purity of election and tho safety of the working man . ( Cheers . ) In his opinion the oi ' tenor the members were brought before their constituents the better for both . He was , therefore , "in favour of ' Short Parliaments , and , if elected , should feel it his duty to come among his consti « tuents at the end of each session , to give an account of his stewardship . ( Great cheers . ) He next * spoke on tho Ecclesiastioal Courts . He should vote for the Repeal of the Grant to Maynooth ; not to please a bigoted ,, cry , but oa the broad principle , " that all endowments for relieious our .
poses were bad in theory , and vicious in practice /? He next proceeded to show that a House of Commons , wisely selected from the masses of the people , was the only sound and constitutional mode of governing the country—the broader the substratum of our liberties tho more permanent would bo our institutions . ( Cheers . ) Mr . Pellatt then proceeded in an eloquent strain to speak on most of the great " questions . now occupying tho public mind , and concluded a powerful and telling speech by thanking the audience for the ^ very patient manner in whioh they had heard him , and satMp loudly applauded . J . J . Blak , Esq'if ' moved the following resolution :- « " That this meeting'having beard the clear and statesmanlike address delivered by Apsler Pellatt , Esq ., this
evening , and heartily approving of the principles contained therein , pledges itself to use all constitutional means to secure hia return as one of tho representatives for the borough of Southwark at tbe ensuing election . " Dr . Bbady haying seconded it , " Mr . J . Thwaiis supported the resolution , whioh was then put and carried unanimously . Mr . W . Towksemd , on being . ' oalled for , roue and read aa address from Mr . Pellatt ' s workmen , in which ,, after expressing their gratitude for his just and kind conduct as as employer , they added their warmest wishes for his triumphant return to Parliament . Tbe reading of the address called forth the greatest cheering . - A vote of thanks to the Chairman , and three hearty cheers for Mr . Pellatt closed the proceedings of the even ine .
MEETING AT IDE BRIDCE-HOUSE HOTEL . On Thursday evening a crowded meeting was held at this place , James Taylor , Esq ., of Bermondsey , in the chair . Mr . Apslbt Pellatt attended , and spoke ait considerable length , amidst much applause , A resolution similar to tho one adopted at tho above meeting waa moved by Messrs . Thwarts and Gregory , and unanimously adopted .
Another Fatal Colliery Explosion. Intell...
ANOTHER FATAL COLLIERY EXPLOSION . Intelligence reached London on Saturday of a serious explosion having taken place at the Seaham-park Collierv , near Seaham-harbour , and within a few miles of Sunderland , whioh resulted in tho loss of six lives and injury to many others . Iho colliery consists of two separate pits , one of which belongs to tho Marquis of Londonderry , and the other to tho Larl of Durham . The accident happened on Thursday at noon . Tho inquest was opened on Saturday , but it was adjourned in order to communicate irith tho Secretary of State , who has gent down a government inspector to inquire into tho lamentable event .
Serious Obstiivction In The Clyde.—On Sa...
Serious Obstiivction in the Clyde . —On Saturday afternoon the ship Grlencaim , bound for Quebec and Montreal , with a large grants on board , accidentally run distance beyond the mouth of the current in the river catching her 2 suddenly swung round and remained tudinal position across the Clyde , the local traffic of the river , Firb Insubakob . —Colonel Sibthorp annual return respecting tho sums p office on insurance from fire . The duty to a very considerable sum . The quarter by 6 he office ( tbe Sun ) was * 44 farming stock , which is exempt from the lafl ^^ tor of 1851 to £ 54 , 935 , 053 .
Numberjof-Eno^. A^*Swr^^|^Fe\ Oartwa^Itf...
numberjof-eno ^ . a ^* Swr ^^|^ fe \ OartWa ^ itf . ^ M ^ on abouWl ^^ s jpp ^ s , £ ^ si ^ . ^ M g ^ V ^ . - x td ^ ljf' ^ mj ^^ f tO $ £ j , . j ^ £$ ) r ^^ ^ s ^ obQhST ' m ^' r ^ aiyil ^ th ^ SU & iii ^; ' £ ? amoanl & dmt yiita g larges ^ ajjp ^ -mWuij g * , 8 & 1 , m ^ hj ^ d duty , was insured in s number jot-erm' MiijM ^ m ^ t , bouWl ^ Dsj ^^ X S WCT ^ fci r ;^ i 'Wil ^ « l 4 r ~ r-: -3 ' jjwMtoA r m , *? mim & siS 0 m ! >? amoM & dMtyl jta g irges ^ aunt-mi- ^ ub g * 1 , 384 . Tu ^ y ^ ^ luty , was insured in
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), June 26, 1852, page 5, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_26061852/page/5/
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