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ment have been iven to labourers the est...
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ROYAL ADELAIDE GALLERY
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THE NORTHERN STAR. SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 27,1815.
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THE RIGHT WAY TO "RUM" IRELAND POTERTY E...
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Co &ea&ev£ & Cmtstomtimtte
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To Agents, Subscribers, and Readers.—For...
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Robert Wilton, Prestos. —We thank him fo...
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Wno Wants a Wife ?—A correspondent , who...
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NATIONAL CHARTER ASSOCIATION. EXECUTIVE....
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TO THE MEMBERS OF THE CHARTIST COOPERATI...
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The Will Fohoers.—A letter has been late...
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
Ment Have Been Iven To Labourers The Est...
THE NORTHERN STAR . Seftembeb 27 , 1845 . T "¦*' . : . — -...- >¦*« » " . - - "" " "' ¦ " " r ~ ii fe ?? tj I
Royal Adelaide Gallery
ROYAL ADELAIDE GALLERY
Ad00413
HOVEL ENTERTAINMENT . ATr ^ iBJJsai-s *? XL lecture , ine new « . wu * - banners andCnsiSMs ft'ssassu , « Toms OI aew ^ wa , Rnsssll continues to jsjssas « -i- « -. «~ " * Saw ana Saturday evenings . Lectures on Science , SSJ in ^ udmg MajorBcniow . KVSArtacUUMemory Beak BoWv Steam Engine , Kollman ' s Locomotive Engine for ascending inclines on Railways . Every trening a Grand Promenade Concert , supported by firstrate talent , both vocal and instrumental .
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COLOSSEUM . PATRONI SED and visited hj her Most Gracious MAJESTY and his Royal Highness Prince LBERT . OPEN DAILY from Ten till Six . Proounced by the Press , and confirmed by every visitor « be the most perfect triumph of Art in its various tranc hes , t » th oy Day and Night , that has ever heen achieved . Equal to six exhibitions . The Glyptotheca , containing works of the first artists ; Mont Blanc and Mountain Torrents , Superb Conservatories , Gothic Aviary , Classic Ruins and Fountains , Panorama of tendon , re-painted Ijy air . Parris , & c . Admittance , Ss . ChUdren , half-price . The Stalactite Caverns , the most magnificent of all the temples which nature has tanltfor herself in theregions of night , Is . extra . EVENING EXHIBITION , Open from Eight-till Eleven , consists of an entirely new janorama of London by night , erected in front of the day picture , the largest in the world , comprising 46 , 000 square feet , projected and carried out hy Mr . W . Bradwell , and painted hy Mr . Danson and Mr . Telbin . The Caverns , MontBlanc , and Torrent hy night , the Glyptotheca and refreshment saloon , hrillianfly uluminated , forming a promenade perfectly unique . The whole exhibition designed hy Mr . Bradwell . Admission at the door Ds , each . Pamily tickets to admit four persons , at 4 s . each , to he had at the North Lodge , Colosseum , from Ten to Six : and at all the principal Librari » i and Musicsellers .
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WEST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE . MICHAELMAS SESSIONS . NOTICE is hereby Given , that the Michaelmas Gene , ral Quarter Sessions of the Peace for the West Riding of the county of York , will be opened at -KNAEESBOROUGD , on Tuesday , the l « h day of Octoher next , at Ten o ' clock in the forenoon ; and hy adjournment from thence will beholden at LEEDS , on Wednesday , the 15 th day of the same month of October , at Ten of the clock in the forenoon ; and also , hy further Adjournment from thence , will be holden at DONCASTEK , on Monday , the 20 th day of the same month of October , at half-past Ten of the clock in the forenoon , when all Jurors , Suitors , Persons bound by Recognisance , and others having business at the said several Sessions , are required to attend the Court on the several days , and at the several hours above mentioned . Solicitors are required to take Notice , that the order of removal , copies of the notice of appeal , and examination of the pauper , are required to he filed with the Clerk of the Peace on the entry of the appeal : And that no appeals against removal orders can he heard unless the Chairman is also furnished by the appellants with a copy of the order of removal , of the notice of chargeahility , of the examination of the pauper , and of the notice and grounds of appeal . C . H . ELSLEY , Clerk of thePeace . Clerk of the Peace ' s Office , Wakefield , 18 th Sept ., JSis .
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Jest published , forty-eight pages , neatly printed , and sewn in a wrapper , price Gd ., EATIONALISM . —A Treatise for the Times ; respectfully addressed to the Communists of Great Britain . Sy G . Jacob Howtoake . "The Rational System , in spite of all opposition , has "been making its way ever since it was first started by Rousseau and French philosophy . "—Douglas-JerroWs Shilling itagaz ' me . Xondon : "Watson , 5 , Panl's-alley ; and all booksellers .,
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PAXKLIBAHOX IROS "WORKS . THE LARGEST STOCK IN EUROPE . —FURNISH ING IRONMONGERY , Stoves , Grates , Jutchen Ranges , Fenders , Fire-irons , best Sheffield Plate , ornamental-Iron and Wire Work , Garden Engines , -Rollers , & c , Japan Tea Trays , Baths , & c . —PANKLIBA ^ ON 1 P . ON "WORKS , adjoining Madame Tussaud ' s , 58 , Baker street , Portman-square . N &—Every article is marked in plain figures at the © west cash prices .
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HARE ON SPINAL DISEASE . THIS day is published , price 2 s . 6 d ., CASES and OBSERVATIONS illustrative of the beneficial results which may he obtained hy close attention and persever ance in some of the most chronic and unpromising instances of spinal deformity ; with eighteen engravings on wood . By Samuel Habe , M . R . C . S . London : John Churchill , Princes-street ; and may-he lad of all booksellers .
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TEETH . MASTICATION and Articulation Improved and Guaranteed . —Messrs . DAVIS , Surgeon-Dentists , 123 , Pall-mall , opposite the llaymarket , and 1 , New Bridge-street , corner of Fleet-street , continue to supply teeth , guaranteednever to discolour , break , or decay , and : £ xed without springs or wires , -without extracting the old stamps , or giving any pain , A single tooth , 5 s , ; a set , £ 9 . Loose teeth fastened . Scurvy in the gums effectually cured . Stopping decayed teeth . Price 4 s ., Davis ' s Hermastican : all persons can use it themselves , AS fall directions are enclosed , and can be sent per post .
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AMERICAN EMIGRATION OFFICE , 86 , "Waterloo-road , Liverpool . THE Subscribers continue to despatch first-class Packets to 3 JEW YORK , BOSTON . QUEBEC , HOSTREAL , PHILADELPHIA , SE W ORLEANS , and ST . JOHN'S , N . B . They are also Agents for the UewLine of New York I Packets , comprising the following magnificent ships : — Tons . To Sail , Hottisgdeb .,.. 1150 ...... 6 th September . Livswooi . 1150 6 th October . T ?" ho have also , Por New York . St . Patrick 1150 tons . „ „ Republic 1100 „ „ „ Empire 1200 „ „ „ .. „ Sheffield 1000 „ „ Boston Lama 1000 „ „ PhfladehiMa Octavius ......... 900 „ „ Sew Orleans ...... Geo . Stevens 800 „ „ „ „ Thos . H . Perkins ... 1000 „ Passengers going to 4 he Western States and Canada can inow the actual outlay , to reach any important point on the Lakes and Rivers hy ohtaining one of Tapseott's Emigrant ' s Travelling Guides , which can he had hy sending postage stamps for the same to George Rippard and Son , and William Tapscctt , as above .
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INDEPENDENT ORDER OF UNITED BROTHERS { LEICESTER UNITl' ) . IMPORTANT TO WORKING MEN . SELF-INTEREST being the first law of nature ( and through life we find this the one grand ruling principle—neither is it wrong , if not carried out to an improper extent ) , in these days of incertitude it behoves « very man to have a thought for the future—to make some provision for the time of sickness , want of employment , and such like contingencies to which man is liable . The various societies formed for this purpose are amongst the foremost , established hy the philanthropist of our day ; the greatest good has accrued from them ; hat the most prominent stands the various Secret Orders ; the principle on which they are bound gives them a superiority above all other similar institutions . Various are their titles and significations , and various are the modes of carrying out their designs ; hut perhaps there are none -which shine so conspicuous or more beneficial than the "' INDEPENDENT ORDER OF UNITED BROTHERS . " It is an institution that will he found to possess in every ¦ way equal , and in some respects superior , advantages to -any other society of its class . Its laws being based upon the pure principles of Democracy , and past experience having taught the lesson that public-house meetings tend rather to injure than otherwise , the members of this Order are not allowed to hold their Lodges at such places ; neither are intoxicating drinks allowed at them ; hut , on the other hand , they are not restricted to teetotalism . This Order has met the feelings of a great portion of our population ; hence its rapid progress . To such , then , -who wish to appropriate their money to a really-useful purpose , who wish to make a provision for sickness and «& stre % « nd to he conveyed in a decent manner to that "fcourJAfrsm whence no travcRer returns , " without the aid of a parish , « ofbeing under any obligation to friends or charitable persons , this Order affords every facility Xhe regular contributions amount to 9 d . per fortnight , for which a member , when sick , receives 10 s . perweekj £ 10 is also given-an the death of a member , and £ 5 at the 3 eath of a member's wife ; and , hy paying a smaU additional contribution , the gifics at the deaths will be doubled . AD necessary information may be obtained by applying to the following persons , viz . ;—John Wiadley , printer ; Church . gate , Leicester . WIDiam Colver , Drydsa-street , ditto . " David AbeU , brushnianu & cturer , Westgate . street , Glou . eerier . SMward Jensens , Freeman-street , Birmingham . Wiffiam Parker , tailor ^ Redditeh . ^ omas Knight , Handy-street , Derby . "Uham Robinson , Shearshy , South Leicestershire . ynn ^ 2 ?^ cloth inannfi ^ turer , Newark . 2 S ^« PH « i Po rter-street , gueffield . ^ B ° ohiu un ) Nottmgnam . " ' ' fStb tmSS ^^^^ ? $ * . ^ SeraUParfc ?
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TO THE EMBARRASSED .-IMPORTANT . THERE are thousands of persons who have struggled long against the force of misfortune , but few are aware that by a very recent Act aR smaU traders owing debts not exceeding £ 300 , farmers , and all others owing to any amount , can be entirely raised from their difficulties at a small expense , and without imprisonment or bankruptcy . AR such Mr . Weston begs wUl apply to him at Moiramhambers , 17 , Ironmonger-lane , Cheapside , by letter or personally . Persons summoned for small debts should apply immediately , as they may thereby save themselves from frequent and lengthened commitments to prison .
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LESSONS IN MILLINERY AND DRESSMAKING . MADAHE GALLIOS , U , New Bond-street , continues her superior method of teaching the art of Dress-Haking . Sheundertakes to make persons of the smallest capacity proficient in Cutting , Fitting , and Executing , in the most finished style , in Six Lessons , for One Pound . Her superior method can he folly substantiated by references to pupUs , and has never heen equalled hy any competitor . tfy Practice hours from eleven till four .
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JUST PUBLISHED , In one volume , foolscap 8 vo ., neat cloth , price 7 s . 8 d ., THE PURGATORY OF SUICIDES A Prison Rhyme : in Ten Books : BY THOMAS COOPER THE CHARTIST . J . HOW , Publisher , 132 , Pleet-street . SS" Orders from the Country to he sent through the Booksellers .
The Northern Star. Saturday, September 27,1815.
THE NORTHERN STAR . SATURDAY , SEPTEMBER 27 , 1815 .
The Right Way To "Rum" Ireland Poterty E...
THE RIGHT WAY TO "RUM" IRELAND POTERTY EXCHANGED FOR PLENTY , WHEN LABOUR HAS FAIR PLAY . On two former occasions . ' . we have enabled the readers of the Star to "journey" with the " Commissioner" of the Times office in his . peregrinations through Ireland to' * see with his own eyes " the real -state of the Irish people , in their "homes" and on their lands ; and to inquire as to the causes that have rendered the working inhabitants of a peculiarly fertile country the most miserably . poor and debased in physical condition of any population known , either
in savage or civilised life . We trust that such "journeyings" have not . been without profit : but that each one and all of those that ' peruse this journal knows something more of Ireland than he did—is able to divine somewhat of the causes which have reduced its producers to the " very coarsest sort of diet "—and is also able to indicate the measures that must be adopted , both by rulers and the . people themselves , to raise the Irish toilers . to the state and condition befitting-MEN—to say nothing of their deserts as laborious tillers of the soD , nor of their right , as such , to be the " FIRST . partakersqf the fruits !"
In former "journeyings" we have seen the actual eondition of a large portion of the people fully exposed . TYe have , with " our-commissioner , " been over the apologies for farms ; seen the rude mode of culture ; seen the effect of insecure tenure ; seen the tenant afraid to produce more than the rent and a meagre supply of potatoes for himself ; seen the " middleman" watching the poor "holder" of the " bit of land" as a kite watches a sparrow , to know when he can screw the rent np , and thus increase . his unholy gains ; we have seen how en . terprise jis crushed — how industry is repressed —how every . inducement to " improve" is withheld ; we have entered the mud cabin , and seen the
" thokey" ( well-off ) farmer without other floor than the earth—not the bare earth , but earth covered with filth from the animals that necessity obliges him to shelter under . 'the same roof with himself ; we have seen him without furniture , with loose straw for a bed , and with no other food than potatoes eaten with pepper-and-v / ater ; we have heard this same " thokey " farmer declaring that " not a bitqf bread have I eaten since I was born ; " and " we never taste meat of any kind , or bacon , unless a pig chances to die of some disorder , and we cannot sell it : " < we have seen and
heard of all this as THE RESULT of landlordism in one aspect ; as the result of that sort of Landlordism which , obtains at Glenties and in . the Isle of Arran , where the Marquis of Consnguam exacts the highest rents his impoverished tenantry can be squeezed out of , while he spends his time in " yachting" and in detaining all "trouble" and " . business . " We have now to see the besult of another "application of property" —that sort of application whichrecognises and acts on the principle that " property has its DUTIES as well as its rights . "
For this purpose we must again accompany " oun CojonssiofflSB . " We last left Mm at the Isle of Arran , on the Marquis of Coxyngham ' s " . estate , " where the "thokey" farmer lived , who "had never tasted bread since he was born : " we must now go with him to Gwecdore , a place in the immediate neighbourhood of Glenties , where he found such utter destitution and abject misery as we formerly described . Both places , Glenties and Gweedore , are in the county of Donegal . We have now to see what Gweedore was ; what it now is ; and what das WROUGHT THE WONDERFUL CHANGE HOW observable . " Ock Commissioner" commences his " report" as follows : —
In my last letter I endeavoured to describe the wretched and depressed condition of the people in the districtfrom Glenties to this place , and their utter ignorance of the comforts and almost of the decenciesof life , and attempted to show these facts to he attributable to the manner in which they are left utterly neglected , to the absence of everything Eke example , and to the system of extracting from them , in the shape of rent , every morsel beyond mere subsistence , which their rude cultivation can obtain from the land . To-day I intend describing to you what was and wliat is now the condition of the people of the districtfrom which I write .
My object in doing this is to attempt to prove , by these patent examples , that the evils which have afflicted this part of Ireland , at least , and which still continue to depress portions of this county , are purely social ; and that when a social remedy has been applied those evils have vanished . That I may avoid even the suspicion of prejudice iu laying hare a subject so painful , let me quote the opinion of Mr . Xicholls , the Poor law Commissioner , as to the general condition of the Irish peasantry , and also as to their condition in the county of Donegal . That gentleman in his first report to Lord John Russell , in 1836 , says : —
"Duringmy progress through the country , it was impossible not ( 0 notice the depression of feeling , morally and personally , of the Irish peasantry , and this to an extent which a stranger could not witness without very painful emotions . It shows itself in their mode of living , in their habitations , in their dress , in the dress of their children , and in their general economy and conduct . They seem tofeelnoprifle , no emulation ; to be heedless of the present , and reckless of the future . They do not ( speaking of the peasantry as a whole ) strive to improve their appearance , or add to their comforts . Their cabins still continue slovenly , smoky , filthy , almost without furniture , or any article of convenience or decency . On entering a cottage the woman and children are often seen
seated on the floor , surrounded by pigs and poultry , in the midst of filth—the man lounging at the door , to approach which it is necessary to wade through mud ; yet he is too indolent to make a dry approach to his dwelling , although there are materials fit for the purpose close at hand ; his wife is too slatternly to sweep the place in which they live , or remove the dirt and offal , however offensive , from . the floor . If you point out these circumstances to the peasantry themselves , and endeavour to reason with and show them how easily they might improve their condition and increase their comforts , you are invariably met
with excuses as to their poverty . Are a woman and her children , and her cabin filthy—whilst a stream of water runs gurgling at the very door ?—the answer invariably is , — ' Sure , how can we help it ! we are so poor ! ' With the man it is the same ; you find him idly basking in the sun or seated by the fire , whilst his cabin is surrounded by mud , and scarcely approachable from the accumulation of every kind of filth ; and he , too , will exclaim . ' Sure , how can we help it ? we are so poor 1 ' Whilst , at the very same time , he is smoking tohacco , and has probably not denied himself the enjoyment of whisky . "
Such was the description of their condition in 1836 , and I am assured by gentlemen , and by the Roman Catholic priests in this neighbourhood , that that description was literally accurate . In the year 1838 Lord 0 . A . Hill purchased several small properties in this neighbourhood , which , in the aggregate , amounted to upwards of 23 , 000 acres . This large estate borders on the north-west coast or corner of Ireland , and through it runs a small river , the Gweedore , which empties itself into the sea , and which can be entered at its mouth by vessels of 200 tons burden . The neighhourhood abounds with wild and magnificent mountain scenery ; and at the period in question , though thickly peopled in patches , was almost wholly uncultivated , Tas { t . r § c , ts $ f land capable cf improvement and
The Right Way To "Rum" Ireland Poterty E...
profitable cultivation were mere bog wastes like many other portions of this county , ^ - — -- ¦ - - In 1837 Patrick M'Kye , theschooln \ Mler of the district , memorialized the Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland in the following terms : — " That the parishioners of this parish of West Tallaghahegley , in the barony of Kilmacrennan , and county of Donegal , AHE IN THE MOST NEEDY , HUNOES , AND NAKED CONDITION OF ANV PEOPLE THAT EVER CAME WITHIN THE pmcincts op my knowledoe , although I have traveUedja part of nine counties in Ireland , also a part of England and Scotland , together with a part of British America ; I have likewise perambulated 2 , 253 . miles through seven of the United States , and never witnessed the tentfi part of such hunger , hardships , and nakedness . "
This schoolmaster then proceeds to describe the whole stock and furniture of the population , which by the census of 1841 was-9 , 040 . They had among them but one cart and one plough , twenty shovels , timiy-tw rales , two / wither beds , and eight chaffbeds . They had no clocks ; there was not a looking-glass in the whole parish above Sd . in price ; they had no garden vegetables or fruits of any kind but potatoes and cabhage . He goes oil to say , — . "None of their married or unmarried women can afford more than one shift , and some cannot afford any ; more than one half of both men and women cannot afford shoes to their feet , nor can many of them afford a second bed , but tenoU / amilies of tons and -daupntcrs of motitre age indiscriminately lie together with their parents . " They have no means of harrowing their land but with meadow rakes . Their farms are so small that from four to ten farms can be harrowed in a day with one rake .
" Their beds are straw , green and dried rushes , or mountainbentj their bedclothes are either coarse sheets , or no sheets , and ragged filthy blankets j and worse than all I have mentioned , thereis a general prospect of starvation . " He says , farther on : t "If any gentleman is sent to investigate this , I will go with him from house to house , where bis eyes willfully satisfy and convince him , and where I can slioio Mm about 140 children bare naked , who W £ ke so during winter , and some hundreds only covered with filthy rags most disgusting to look at , Also men and beast housed together , i . e ., the families in one end of the house , and the cattle in the other end of the kitchen .. " Some houses have within their walls from lewt . to 30 euit . of dung ; others having from 10 to Id tons weight of dung , and only cleanedovi once a-year !"
The effect of this memorial , which appeared in some of the English newspapers , was to cause a large collection of money in England , which was distributed amongstthese people . In fact , "famine was periodical among them , with fever as its attendant , and wretchedness pervaded the district . " "Such a lamentable condition of a people , " says Lord George Hill , in a short account which he has published regarding this part of Donegal , under the title of Pacts from Gweedore , "is scarcely' in fairness , to be attributed to individual neglect or apathy . It is rather the result of a system which for ages has held its sway , and which no proprietor could grapple with or obviate unless he was prepared , resolutelyipatiently , and expensively , to introduce and work out a counter system , " But it was because no individuals were found to do this that the system continued . "
The rents were very small , Amongst eighty tenants on one of the properties purchased by this nobleman 10 s . was the highest rent paid , and almost all the rents wereinarrear and had to be collected in trifling pajs . ments at fairs . The land was held in rundale , the nature of which I have before described to you ; and in some instances a tenant holding but this small portion of land had his proportion in thirty or forty different places ; and these proportions were often so small , that not more than half a stone of oats would heveqvtireato sowthem . There were no fences between these small patches of land , belonging to different tenants , and "fights , trespasses , confusion , disputes , assaults , and litigation , were the natural and unavoidable consequences of this system . " Their horses and cows , such as they had , were often held in the same way ; and I willguote an amusing instance of this from the work I have already named : —
In an adjacent island ,, belonging to ibis estate , three men were concerned in one horse ; but the poor brute was rendered useless , as the unfortunate foot of the supernumerary leg remained unsbod , none of them being willing to acknowledged dependency , and accordingly it became quite lame . There were many intestine rows on the subject ; at length one of the ' company' came to the mainland and called on a magistrate for advice , stating that the animal was entirely useless now ; that he had not only kept up , decently , his proper hoof , at his own expense , hut had shed this fourth foot twice to boot ; yet the other two proprietors resolutely refused to shoe more than their own foot . "
There teas no inn , no road , ¦ and no market ¦ wUhin a dozen miles , The people , therefore , could not sell then * produce , if disposed to do so , for its value , and their only alternative was to distil their grain into whisky . Their corn thus became consumed before their new potatoes came in , and annually they were on the verge of starvation , and compelled to ebtain meal on credit from estor . tioners at exorbitant prices , This was the state of the people in the district of Gweedore—a -state . as miserable and thoroughly debased is it possible to conceive ? Even the condition of the misery-steeped tenantry of tho pleasure-loving " business-evading" Marquis of Conyngham was not more degraded . It was "as bad as bad can be . "
Absentee landlordism . ; 'middlemen rack-renting ; screwing the last potatoe from the miserable tiller of the soil , to minister to the pleasures of the spendthrift at Vienna or Rome . ; all these things had done their work—and made the district as poor as it was possible to be , without actual famine existing . Such was the condition of this district in 183 . 7 , where , amongst 9 , 000 of a population , they "had but one cart , one plough , thirty-two rakes , two feather beds , and eight chaff-beds ; " or ten beds for the whole 9 , 000 ! Such was the condition of the people of this district , where the three " proprietors" of a poor unfortunate brute could not afford to have the fourth leg shod : such was the condition of this district : let us now see what it is
;—This was the condition of the estate , and of the people when Lord George Hill purchased it in 1837 . That nobleman determined upon reclaiming it , and , if possible , to put the people in a better way . The people here are for the most part the aboriginal Irish , and speak the Erse language . Lord George Hill learned their language , mixed among them , and taught them by example to do what he told them . Near the mouth of the river he built a corn store to receive all their produce , if they wished to sell it . To msettheir numerous wants , and to save them from extortion . 'he built a shop at the store ; and the
people , having sold their corn at one side can obtain at the other any article of crockery , grocery , saddlery , ironmongery , timber , iron , ropes , meal , leather , woollen goods , or useful medicines , which they may require , at the market prices of Londonderry . This is the only market for their goods , and the only shop at which they can purchase anything for twenty miles round . A dispensary was also built , and a sessions-house erected . A quay was made for vessels to unload at the store , and a corn-mill erected . Then followed a school , in which I yesterday saw some thirty as neatly dressed and clean-looking children as can be seen in England .
The land of the tenants was squared into 10-Acre farms , and they were required each to build his house ( mint farm . In this they were assisted . Premiums were offered for the neatest and cleanest cottages ; for the best crop of turnips ; for the greatest quantity of land brought into cultivation ; for the best drained farm ; for the best fences ; for the best made stockings , and so on . Roads were made ; an inn has been built , which rivals in comfort an English hotel , and large tracts of the hog moor have been brought into cultivation , That is the present condition , of the very district where so much of abject misery and utter prostration of mind and body was exhibited in 1837 . What a change J It behoves us to find out how it has been brought about . What spell has been worked ? What causes have been brought into operation , to work such a wonderful reverse , in so short a time ? Listen : —
I date my letter from the centre of the hills in the north of Donegal , where , ten years ago , there was not a road , —where scarcely anything but bogs , and heather , and rocks , were to he seen for miles , —where the people held the land in rundale , and did as they liked , —paid no rent , and lived on potatoes and the produce of illicit distillation . I write from the centre of au estate where the subdivision of farms had gone on to such an extent , that about seven years ago it was sold to its present owner , Lord George Hill , on the advice of the then agent of the late owner , who was my informant as to this fact , because the rents were so smaU and numerous , and difficult to collect , that they were not worth the expense and trouble
of collecting . Yet I now write , from an inn as comfortable as any in England , —comforts the value of which you learn doubly to appreciate from the miseries you endure before you arrive here from Donegal , should you be compelled to stop a night on the road . Luxuriant crops surround the inn ; industry and cleanliness begin to mark the people ; each man has his own squared farm and a decent cottage , and there are good roads . AU this is to be attributed to the public spirit and liberality , and to the indivU dual and personal exertions of the present noble owner and his ahle agent . In fact , A good landlord has effected all this social improvement , and has made glad this " wilderness and solitary place . "
A good landlord 1 " What a strangeaftund the words have ! " a good landlord : " dwelfoirihe words again ; and again linger on them , whihT ^ magina tion tries to figure to itself the sort of being that "a oodlandlord" can possibly be . When " our commissioner" was at Glenties and on the Island of Arran , he toH us that the " owner " the Marquis of CojrracHAii , " wasayooc ? , easy sort of person ; fond of yachting ; but with a total aversion to trouble or business : " but the condition of his tenantry , screwed down to the worst of potatoes and pepper-water and too little even of them , told that though he might be " a good sort of man" he was far from being " a good landlord . " But here we have a good man showing
The Right Way To "Rum" Ireland Poterty E...
himself to be " a good landlord" by his acts—by his persevering- endeavours ' toi discharge the DUTIES which devolved on him as " owner" of the property which conferred the right to call it his " own . " And we are here told the nature of the compact by virtue . of which " private property in land" is recognised . No man can hold absolutely . The estate he calls his " own" has not been conferred on him by " patent from on high , " nor even by human law or institute , to do ivith as hez > leascs . He only " holds" on certain conditions : one of which conditions is , that he has not absolute dominion over the land he calls " his own . " He cannot use it even as he may will . The statute book is full of restrai 7 its and restrictions on the USE of " property : " because such restraints and restrictions are . needed by
the common good . In like manner the " owner of large tracts of land has DUTIES to perform-du ^ s which cannot appertain to Mm that has no land , One important duty is , to see that injustice be no ) done to those who by birth and labour have a right to subsist out of the soil of which , he is the " owner . " The compact is , that all labouring persons and the really poor shall be maintained out of the land : maintained first : and then his claim , as landlord , comes next in order to he satisfied . If the landlord class , either by one species of trick or another ; either by withholding the necessary power to " rate and assess , " for such first maintenance , as for centuries was the case in Ireland ; or by such a paring down of the power , as is now the casein England , Ireland , and Scotland , under the new Poor Laws , which renders the rig hto a first maintenance
nugatory , —THE COMPACT IS BROKEN , and we live in a state where MIGHT alone confers right . Whenever this is the case , the " owners" of property are sure to suffer most in the long run . A contest is inevitable , in a state of things where the mass is doomed to " potatoes and pepper-water , " while the racked-rents of a large estate isspentin " yachting : " and though the power of the sword which wealth can hire , may for a time , and a long time too , put down with a strong-hand the " embodied spirit of discontent , '" yet the cause of the hungry and the wronged will assuredly triumph in the end , and revenge wreak its vengeance on those " owners" of " lands " and wealth who have originally broken faith and shuffled off their duties . The only ground on which private property can be at all defended in any state of
society , is , that the common wealis thereby promoted , because a class is called into existence who are bound , by compact , to perform certain duties which the interests of general society call for : and if the duties , which are the main condition of " holding , " are neglected or abandoned , away goes all argument and all reason for the institution of private property itself . It therefore behoves those who do possess what they call their " own , " that they should , in this matter , follow the example set them by Lord George Hill at Gweedore : the more especially as the notion is fast setting-ln , that private property of all sorts is an evil—and that a new p hase of civilisation is opening on mankind , when the principle will be fully recognised and acted on , that " all the stuff in theivorld belongs to all ' thb ' folk in the world . "
We have seen what ' \& good landlord" can effect , even under the worst of circumstances : but , in order to render the picture complete , we must also see the manner of effecting the change described . And here , if we see cause to be gratified at the result , we shall see more cause to' Jae gratified at the pains taken by the " good landlord" to accomplish his worthy purpose . He'entered on his task under the most discouraging circumstances . A stranger ; looked on with suspicion , by a people unused to kindness , only among themselves ; a people knowing not of any relationship between a landlord and his tenantry , but a high and increasing rentahexacted at every cost to the
grounddown tenant ; debased in condition , and habituated to filth and squalor , was it to be wondered at that theyshoidd not understand how any man could symjjathisewith them , or seek to elevate them in the social seale ? They could not understand this > t first . They looked upon the efforts of their new landlord as another engine of that tyranny from which they had so severely suffered . They therefore placed every obstacle in his path : and it was only by continued kindness . that the way to the hearts of the once abject tenantry was found , and their own efforts for the amelioration of their own condition successfully directed . How that was accomplished , " oun Commissioner" shall toll us : —
Though the improvements effected are trippingly related , nothing but the most persevering determination accomplished them . The people , utterly ignorant and both mentally and physically degraded , resolutely opposed every step te improvement . " They were not disposed to abandon the rundale system . " says the book on these improvements already quoted , " and did not seem to have a taste for simple plain dealing , or that matters should be put straight or made easy of apprehension . " "The first year not a single individual could be induced to compete for the premiums , the people thinking it all a hoax , and that it was only an attempt 'to humbug' them , being convinced that no gentleman would be so great a fool as to give his money merely to benefit others . "
Tli 4 y suspected everything tJiat was attempted , and opposed it , thinking it was intended for their injury and the landlord ' s benefit ; and b y harassing and vexatious opposition hoped , as they expressed it , "in the end , to tire out lord George Hill , prevent the divisions from being occupied , and thus defeat the new plans altogether . " Nothing would tempt thera to make the fences of the new farms , though they were offered to be well paid for it ; and when at length a stranger was got to begin the ditching , to set them an example , they attempted " to frighten him from his work by throwing sods at him . " "When he had computed the first fence , the people assembled at night and destroyed it . "Whilst they were thus engaged a prisoner was taken by the police , and they were so frightened at
this that the improvements were allowed to proceed quietly . Scarcely a man among them knew how to handle a spade , or could or would work . When the foundation of the hotel in which I am -writing was commenced , one of the peasantry who was absolutely starving was induced by the offer of wages to begin it . A wheelbarrow , a pickaxe , and spade , were provided for him , as he had no tools , and the people were so enraged at him that his tools were all stolen that night . The agent , Mr . Eorster , determinedly persevered . He went with the man next day into one of their best fields , and began marking out with his own hand the foundation for tlic hotel . The people came to him in a great fright to know what he was about to do on their best land . He coolly
told them , that " as they had stolen his man's tools so that he could not quarry stones for the hotel , he was going to build it tbere , as there were plenty of stones in their ditches . " They promised him , if lie would not build there , the tools should be found ; next morning they were left at the labourer ' s door At length example prevailed , and two or three of them came and offered to work ; and finally , all eagerly sought work . But they could no t come to work till ten in the morning , after breakfast , as " theywern'tusedto work before breakfast , and didn't like it . " "When they began to feel the benefits o ! employment , they were told that they must begin work at five o ' clock in the morning ; some two or three only came . The rest , after being warned , when they again neglected to come to work at that hour , were quietly
paid off , and told , that " as they had occupation at home , they had better stay away , as there were plenty willing to work . " Tliis gradually had the desired effect ; and they began to work like other labourers . The land all round the hotel was then trenched , drained , and graveUed , and sown with potatoes . The labourers , as they did the work under the agent ' superintendence , laughed at him ; saying , " they did not care about work , ing , as they were paid for it , but it was tho greatest folly in the world , as nothing would ever grow there . " The hotel is now surrounded with a broad belt of potatoes and oats as fine as any I have seen in Ireland . The tenantsj seeing this , have begun ( urged on by the premiums ) to gravel and drain their own lands in the same way ,, and every where patches of well-cultivated land and plentiful crops are to be seen .
In 1810 some of the tenants , seeing that every promise to them was strictly fulfilled , thought they would at least try for the premiums , and there were thirty-six competitors , and premiums amounting to £ 40 were so fairly awarded by the judges that they caused general satisfaction , last year the number of competitors had increased to 239 , and the premiums to £ 60 . I yesterday went through some of the cottages the tenants of which had won premiums for them . There was no dirt , no filth They were well built and whitewashed . The crockery ( they never had anything beyond an iron pot before ) was there
neatly arranged ; was no smoke in the houses and what was worth more than all , the women showed their houses with pride , and were deli ghted at the commendations they received , and the men seemed no less proud of their little farms , and showed their crops of turnips , oats , and improvements with evident pleasure . . Two year and a half ago £ 500 worth of oats were sold by the tenants at the market price at the store ; last year £ 1 , 300 worth was sold ; and tins year there is a vastl y increased produce . Large quantities of kel p have also been bought from them , to encourage their industry , T aTiS ! £ MarcVi * 4 ' the I' * o * March , 1815 ( I » T 0 it from the aged ' s books ) , 16 , 500 days' employ-
The Right Way To "Rum" Ireland Poterty E...
ment have been given to labourers on the estate . The wagesgiv « n are Sd . andlOd . a-day . Taking theaverage at 9 d ., JEC 26 9 s . have been paid among them in wages . Working at six days in the week , throughout the year , this would give employment to fifty-three men and eleven days over . In reality , however , this great amount of labour has been spread over a much larger number of men , and perhaps 100 men may he taken as the number generally employed ; though this , I am informed , is below the mark , as it does not include men engaged in making the roads on the estate , who were paid by the piece . _ ,.. „ ^ „ . . . „„ „ „„ ... ,
At tne river-side facing the hotel I saw about thirty men at work , lowering the bed of the liver . The men , generally , are small in stature ; but I never saw more diligent labourers . These men , who , four years ago , did not know how to use a spade , and neither could nor would work except in their own way , and who were annually starving , are now working well , doing their best , and receiving good wages . Of the nature of " tenant-right" I shall take a future opportunity of writing , and respecting it now I do not wish even to hint an opinion . But was it the " tenantright" which converted this former desert and bleak wilderness—this example of barbarism and starvation , into fertile corn fields , the seat of industry and content ,
and into a humanised abode ? In this instance at least it is a fact that the existence of the custom of tenantright was the greatest possible obstacle to improvement . For every squared farm there were twenty claimants for compensation , though each tenant got a squared farm to himself in place of bis former rundale fragments of land ; and the opposition , and discontents , and arbitrations , on this score were enough to have conquered patience . Did converting the Roman Catholic population to Protestantism effect this change ? They arc Roman Catholics yet . Did Saxonising them and making them Orangemen effect it % They are all Celts . Did tho getting up of monster meetings and talking nonsense about " repeal" effect it ? No . The remedy was a social
one . The people were justly dealt with , taught , shown by example , encouraged , employed . A community the most hopeless and desperate In condition and circumstances lias by these means been reclaimed , and smiling content and the rewards of industry are everywhere to be seen . A barren waste has been converted into a fine property , which will eventually amply reward its present owner for his great exertionse A starving , and desperate , and degraded peasantry an ? rapidly becoming comfortable small farmers . The country is improved , and that district , the people of which formerly depended on the charity of England to save them from starvation , now adds to the wealth of the empire by its productiveness . This is the work of one man ; and that man is one of the resident landlords of Ireland .
This is the mode to " ruin" Ireland ! This is something like the small farm system which we wish to see extensively introduced in England , and not the system of Glenties and Arran , to which we are referred as " an example of what the small-farm , system will do for any country . " Still even this , excellent as it is compared with what formerly prevailed , is not all ivc need . It will be seen that the good effects that have followed on Lord George Hill ' s praiseworthy and persevering exertions , dkpeno on HIMSELF , as " a good landlord . " The tenantry have no security that "a bad landlord" shall not follow , when the
connection between them and their present "lord " shall cease . The Marquis of Conyngham , for instance , may succeed , either by purchase , marriage , or otherwise ; and Gweedore become again a second Glenties . There is no averting this danger , or mode of remedying this evil , but in SECURITY of TENURE ! That tenure must necessarily be bad , which operates on the condition of the occupiers , so as to make it bearable or miserable , according to the whims , caprice , feeling , or inclination of their landlord . Let the tenure be a SECURE one , and it will matter little whether the landlord be a " bad" or a
" good" one , farther than the social example set to the community . At all events , « secure tenure will greatly abridge the power for mischief a " bad" landlord possesses . Suppose that Lord George Hill was to give his ten-acre farmers leases in perpettdty at a corn rent , would the farmers be any worse off ? Would not the security add to their confidence ? "Would they not in such case know that they were armed against the tcorst landlord that could succeed , if they kept the simple covenants of the lease ? Would they not also have every spur to exertion , inasmuch as
all the improvements they effected would be their own ? Is there any danger , now that they have tasted the sweets of a well-built white-washed comfortable cottage , and a food befitting comfortable small-farmers ; is there any fear of their degenerating again to the mud-hovel with its dirt and filth ? —with its diet of " potatoes and pepper-water" ? Would not the pride of the women , which induced them to show their houses with their crockery neatly arranged ; andtheprfofcofthemen on their farms , with their crops of turnips and oats , impel them onwards to a higher degree of subtantiality still ? We trust that Lord George Hill will try .
Co &Ea&Ev£ & Cmtstomtimtte
Co & ea & ev £ & Cmtstomtimtte
To Agents, Subscribers, And Readers.—For...
To Agents , Subscribers , and Readers . —For some time after our location in the metropolis , v ? e were inconvenienced by having the paper machined away from the printing-office where it was " set . " This arose from the machines we had at' Leeds having to be removed and re-erected . Much disappointment to the readers was the consequence , both in bad printing and late arrivals . Another cause of delay was in having the printing and publishing office so wide apart . Letters intended for one place were constantly sent to the other ; and all the arrangements we could make did not prevent mistakes arising from this source . This has determined us to conemtrate our operations . The printing machine is now at work in
our own office ; and we have further determined to publish there also . In future , therefore , the " setting , " printing , and publishing of the Star will be done under one roof . This will involve no change to the agents and subscribers , only in the addressing of their communications , and the greater punctuality with which their orders can be attended to . All communications must , therefore , in future , be addressed as follows : — Orders for the paper and advertisements , to f . O'Connor , Esq ., 17 , Great Windmill-street , llaymarket , London . Communications for the paper , to Mr . Joshua Hobson ,
Editor Northern Star , Office , 17 , Great Windmill-street , Haymarliet , London . All orders for money must be made payable to Mr . O'Connor , at the Channg-cross Post-office .
Robert Wilton, Prestos. —We Thank Him Fo...
Robert Wilton , Prestos . —We thank him for the paper . We shall not forget the article—though it may be some time ere wo notice it . Geobge AValteks , Swanwick . —We have tried three several times since the former notice appeared to get a copy of the Field Gardens' Act ; hut the answer in each case at the Queen ' s Printing-house was , " not ready yet , " ¦ Alexander Kennedy , Glasgow , shall have due attention . James Botteewohth , Hevwood . —Never mind the poor daft man , or his ravings . " They that sow the wind
shall reap the whirlwind . " L , W . —We have no room this week . P . M ' GaATu . —We cannot find room , The MS . shall be sent to those it is addressed to . Mr . Goodfeilow , Liverpool , — Mr . Hobson would be obliged to Mr . Goodfellow if he would communicate Mr . W . Jones ' s present address . Mr . Hobson wrote some time ago to the old address about a matter Mr . Goodfellow is privy to ; and as his letter has not even "been noticed , Mr . Hobson thinks Mr . Jones has removed . Mr . Thomas Cooper's address is , 134 , Blackfriars-road London .
Mr . G . iictcuings , Westmisster , asks — " Will a Public-house or Beer-shop license legalise skittle-playing , quoits , & c . ? " No ; decidedly not . A publican ' s license authorises the sale of ale , beer , wine , and spirits : and a heer-house license authorises the sale of ale and beer only . If games of skittles or nuoits are played in licensed houses , or on the promises , for money , or money ' s worth , the landlord is liable to prosecution . J . Shaw . —Press of matter compels ns to exclude his address , but it shall appear next week ,
Wno Wants A Wife ?—A Correspondent , Who...
Wno Wants a Wife ?—A correspondent , who visited Kirby Stephen last week , says that he was informed that in that small town there were about one hundred and fifty of the softer sex in want of partners for life , and , according to a rough calculation , the widows numbered ninet y-five , the " untried ' uns " fifty-five ! "What a field , " he emphatically adds , " for the' lorda of the creation' to speculate in !"Westmorland Gazette ,
Wno Wants A Wife ?—A Correspondent , Who...
RECEIPTS OF THE CHARTIST CO-OPERATIVE . LAND SOCIETY . IEE MB . O'COMTOH . v - - ¦ . .- ¦ ¦ . ¦ ¦ .- ¦ ¦ ¦ - " ¦ £ s . d .. Halifax , per C . W . Smith 7 5 8 Wigan , per N . Canning ., .. „ .. 692 Manchester , per J . Murray .. » —12 0 Q Sowerhy , per W . Woodhouse ,. .. .. 2 0 o Ilolbeek , per W . Sykes 2 0 o Holmnrth , per J . Clegg 2 5 t Burnley , per J . Gray ., .. .. 3 0 « Leeds , per W . Brook .. .. .... .. 5 0 o Barnsley , per J . Ward .. .. .. .. 200 Cheltenham , per W . Mdtoh .. .. 1 15 H A female friend , BulweU , Notts , per J . Sweet .. 2 12 q Preston , per J . Brown .. .. .. 11 12 5 Oldham , per Wm . Hamer . 200 Sheffield , per G . Cavill 3 3 6 Todinorden , per S . Witham .. .. .. 400 Wakefield , per T . Lazenby .. ..... 2 0 0 Sowerby Longroyd , per J . Wilson .. .. 1 15 0 Kidderminster , per G . Holloway .. .. .. 2 0 0 tladcliffc , per T . Bowker .. 2 0 0 Bolton-le-Moors , per M . Stevenson .. .. 200 Ashton-under-Lyne , per E . Hobson .. .. 3 10 0-Mr . Tordott ' , of Waterloo , New Bradford .. 260 Bradford , per J . Alderson .. .. .. 1 13 3 RTifiRTPTS 05 THE CHARTIST CO-OPERATIVE .
PE 5 CENEHAt 6 ECRETAET . INSTALMENTS . £ s . d . £ s . d . Barnoldswick .. 051 Mr . Fidgo .. .. 0 1 4 Wheatley-lane .. 010 8 Mr . Sudgley .. 0 1 0 Mr . Parker .. .. Oil
SHAKES . T . B . C . and Sons 8 0 0 Whittiiigton & Cat 0 15 C Mr Dickson .. 0 C 0 R . Wright , Bar-Lambeth ., .. 400 noldswick .. 0 11 0 Greenwich .. .. 200 Bath \ . .. .. 118 Westminster .. O 5 10 Leicester .. .. 1 10 0 Mr . Davis .. .. 020 CAKDS AND EULES . Cambenvel .. .. 020 Come 012 Mr . Dear .. .. 0 1 C Todinorden .. .. 0 0 10 Ilebden-bridge .. 042 Itadcliffe .. .. 020 Ovendcn .. .. 014 Greenwich .. .. 070 Halifax .. .. O 2 O Sowevby Helm * .. 048 Keighley „ „ 011 0 * This sum has been previously announced as for Cards of the National Charter Association . Thomas Maktin Wheeler , Secretary .
National Charter Association. Executive....
NATIONAL CHARTER ASSOCIATION . EXECUTIVE . PER MB , O ' CONWOB , £ S . d , York , per G . Jefferson ., .. .. .. 0 10 0 Sowerby Longroyd , per J . Wilson .. .. 050 PEE GENERAL SECRETARY . BOBSCEimONS . Keighley .. .. .. 013 0 Mr . Whiting , Tower Hamlets .. .. .. 0 1 0 DIXON FUND . Camberwell .. .. .. .. 053 VICTIM FUND . Mr . Downing , Westminster .. .. .. 0 0 6 DVSCOMBB TESTIMONIAL , Mr . Tobin ' s hook , from a few Slop Cutters ,. 0 12 6 Thomas Martin Wheeler .
To The Members Of The Chartist Cooperati...
TO THE MEMBERS OF THE CHARTIST COOPERATIVE LAND SOCIETY . Respected Friends , —As the provisional directors of your society , we deem it our duty to address you briefly on tho progress , present position , and future prospects of our movement . Four months have now elapsed since the society was ushered into existence , during which period the most signal success has marked its career . Its progress itv popular estimation has been so rapid as to elicit Uie surprise of many of its most ardentadmirers , while it has excited the chagrin and envy of its foes . Every project or measure designed to benefit the people seems fated to receive the opposition of the ignorant , the envious , and the corrupt ; Such has been the lot of our Land project . Its
promulgation was the signal for a portion of the factious , subservient , and unprincipled press to yell forth its brut . il opposition ; while many cantankerous individuals , protending that their hostility sprung from their devotion to Democracy , have laboured obstinately and perscveringly to crush the movement in the bud . The principles of our society have been misrepresented ; its objects distorted and derided , and its promoters vilified and abused . Nevertheless , it has progressed with a celerity exceeding our most sanguine expectations . Surmounting the obstacles by which envy and ignorance would arrest its progress , it has attained a position which cheeringly augurs its safe arrival at that goal which is the object of all human exertion—the goal of success .
Friends , we have cause for mutual congratulation in the fact , that the roll of the society exhibits the names of nearly three thousand shareholders ; many of whom , in their anxiety to witness the first allocation and to convince the sceptical of the practicability of the project , have , in one payment , made good the amount of their shares . We have likewise cause for felicitation in the circumstance , that already upwards of £ 1500 are deposited in the treasury of the society . Such , friends , is the present position of the Chartist Co-operative Land Society . To us it appears a proud , a cheering one—one creating strong hopes of that bright future of success which the lapse of a short time will develops to the world . No efforts of which onr humble abilities are capable , shall be deemed irksome or laborious in the good cause . Since the promulgation of
the plan we may presume to say , without incurring the charge of egotism , that our labours have been most intense , but our reward is ample in having given the first impulse to a movement which must eventuate in securing happiness to myriads of our enslaved and impoverished fellow-creatures . We have received communications from various parts of the west of England and from Scotland , representing the necessity of lecturers visiting those places to expound the Land plan . Believing that the agitation of the Land question in those quarters would result in adding considerably to the strength of our society , we have resolved that one of our body shall proceed to the west of England , and another to Scotland , with the least possible delay . And we anticipate as the consequence of our labours the increasing of our society by Christmas next to at least 3000 members .
We must now , friends , proceed to call your attention to > the duties the performance of which the interest of the society requires upon jour parts . The rules require revision . At the time of their promulgation we told you such would be the case : for we are not of that school of philosophers that pretend to infallibility of judgment . We perceive that the rules are susceptible of improvement , and that additional ones are required . We were anxious to accomplish the revision of the rules in a way the least expensive . To that end we requested , through the Star , the members to hold meetings to discuss the rules , and that they should forward to us their opinions , that we might shape the society ' s laws in conformity therewith ,. Experience soon taught us that this plan would not succeed . We have , therefore , resolved upon tho holding of a Conference for the purpose of completely revising the rules , and taking the whole subject of the Land into consideration . This we tiiink the most efficient and
satisfactory course that can be adopted . The expense of the Conference will be light—light when compared with its importance , and the benefits that must accrue from it to the movement . We have considered the time and the place for the meeting of the Conference : we have also received communications from various parts of the country upon the subject , and have concluded that it shall meet in Manchester , on the first Monday in February next , by which time we trust to have sufficient funds in hand to be able to deliberate respecting commencing practical operations . The division of the branches into districts , arranging the scale oi representation , and raising the moans of defraying the expenses of the Conference , shall be laid before you in future addresses . In the interim you must not neglect your duty . Remember that Universal Suffrage is the basis of our society . Hold your meetings in your respective localities ; discuss the rules calmly , so that when you elect your delegate you may instruct him with your views , and thus send him to the Conference the veritable representative of your sentiments and wishes . We do not expect that each delegate will be instructed upon every
improvement essential to the perfection of the plan . We , as in duty bound , shall be prepared to lay before the Conference a digest of the rules amended in conformity with the suggestions of the localities , and our own experience upon the working of the plan , There are , however , two subjects upon which an noequivocal expression of your opinion will be required by us and your delegates , In the rules provision is made for giving only two acre allotments to the members . Howj many individuals have taken out two shares , with a view to obtain four acres . To this we see nothing objectionable . However , it is for you to decide the question . On the drawing of the lot shall the successful holder of two shares be entitled to a four acre allotment ? A desire for the enrolment of the society has been expressed by many members , while others say that legal security is unnecessary to the conducting of its affairs . For our parts , we are in favour of enrolment ; believing that it will have the eft ' ect of increasing public confidence by adding to that moral responsibiUty of the officers secured by the rales , the responsibility provided by the laws of the land . This question you will discuss and decide , and accordingly instruct your delegate .
Friends , in conclusion , we beg to assure you of our untiring energy in the prosecution of the plan . We shall go on as hitherto , turning neither to the right or the left from the pursuit of our object . The confidence you have reposed in us shall ever be respected . On your own una » nimity and kindly feeling much depends . Guard scrupulously against dissension ; heed not the gloomy prognostications of our enemies ; let energy , firmness , and union characterise your movements , and , depend upon it , that success will be the inevitable reward of vouv labours . Thomas Clakk , Philip M'GitATir , Christopher Dovie . P . S . —The balance sheet for the past four months will appear iu the ensuing number of the AbrtAeni ' - ' <« ' *•
The Will Fohoers.—A Letter Has Been Late...
The Will Fohoers . —A letter has been lately received from Barber , in which he states that Ins health is bad , and that his rations and labour are bad mk » wretched . He devotes his time to gathering geographical and historical information of the island , and is writing the biography of extraordinary criminals , although his leisure time is small , as he has to get up to work every morning at four o ' clock . He is employed giving instruction to the sons of a clergyman , and is also engaged to conduct the defence of some prisoners who attempted to escape from the boats ot the ship Agincourt , by suddenly seizing the guards and throwing them overboard . Barber still perseveres in his declaration of innocence , and has again forwarded amemorial for a remission of punisbment . —Globe .
Suduen D £ ATH .-rOn Monday a shocking instance of the uncertainty of life occurred to a young man named Daniel Brown , of Crown-court , Wyndhamroad , Camberwell . It appears that he was sitting at the breakfast table , and whilst speaking to his wife he suddenly fell backwards to the ground . A surgeon was called with promptitude , but the unf ortunate man had ceased to exist . Fire and Loss op Life . —Cowes , Isle of Wight . —On Wednesday about two o ' clock , the Hovse ana Groom public house was discovered to be on arc . The landlord ( J . Keats ) , his wife , and five children , escaped in their bed-clothes , as did the other inmate * , with tho exception of two of Keats' children , a g } W aged 13 years , and a boy 8 jears , who slept on tne second floor . All attempts to save them were u » vain . The poor children were found as soon as tne fire was extinguished ; they had died from suffocation .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Sept. 27, 1845, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_27091845/page/4/
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