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THE PENDING CEISIS
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Mr. Editor,—To theExecutive Committee of...
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AND NATIONAL TRACES' JOilMK *
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VOU m P. 725. LONDON, SATURDAY, SEPTEMBE...
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THE NATIONAL LOAN SOCIETY AND THE MEETIN...
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NATIONAL LOAN SOCIETY. At the usual meet...
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A Public Meeting of Shareholders was hel...
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The Duke or Atuoll's Shilling.—The AW< B...
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Cfjattigt intelligence
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NATIONAL CHARTER ASSOCIATION. Offices—14...
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The Political Victims Association A meet...
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THE LAA T D AND LABOUR QUESTION. TO THE ...
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How oua Ancestors suppressed Bloomrrism....
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LATEST FOliEIGN SEWS. FRANCE. Paris, Tii...
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LORD PALMJ211STON AT TIVERTOA'. Lord Pal...
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The ncYer.failmg tftwu of Blair". Guut a...
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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The Pending Ceisis
THE PENDING CEISIS
Mr. Editor,—To Theexecutive Committee Of...
Mr . Editor , —To theExecutive Committee of the National Charter Association I dedicate this Letter ; not ' with an intention to instruct nor condemn , but simpl y to suggest to these gentlemen the importance of a . definite line of action during the approaching printer . The year 1852 will be the period for the occurrence of one of those great crises in a nation s history , the due contemplation of which by thomany must certainl y tend to advance the political and social progress of mankind .
It is , because the working classes of this country will be offered some insignificant addition to their power in the representative system , with the view of satisf ying a growing demand amongst them , for an enlargedequality jn the government of the nation ; and because opon what they then obtain will be based , probably for another twent y years , the right of the Suffrage for Member * of Parliament , that 1 have written the following remarks .
3 fow , it is just that class of men whom the Executive may be fairl y said to be the leaders of , that wUl he benefited , more or less , by the proposed change in our voting regulations . As faithful ministers , then , it would eeemtQ uQ their duty to make the New Reform Bill aa liberal in its dictates as the principles of their creed are universal , so far as the power at their disposal will enable them to go . The working men of London are exceedingly apathetic in respect to the effect of organised action . I speak of them , of course , as a whole . They require to be moved ; for individual energy the majority of them do not choose to exercise . Their listlessness is construed into
indifference ; but they are . not guilty of the latter . The fact is , most of them Jgelthajf ought to beietter treated ^ . yet , ineonsequence of the disparity of power which prevails between them and those who are better situated jn life , they conclude that their energies , however well directed , would be valueless in return ; that they would be spent in vain ; that their cry would pass unheeded . It is this
feeling which prostrates them ; but they are not indifferent as to the possession or otherwise of political power . It is a boon they may be said to beanxiousl yawaitingfor ; yetthey unfortunately trust to a delusive hope , that they can leap without sowing ; be partakers in a feast which only husbandmen ( men who have worked before the table is laid ) can be entitled to enjoy .
Appreciating this failing , a course of action immediatel y suggests itself . Means must be devised whereb y their expression of opinion may be made public ;—opportunities must be g iven them to transport their feelings into words of meaning . I am most anxious in the desire that the working men of London ( and my country readers have but to supply the name of their
own town for the p lace mentioned , in order to adapt the proposal to themselves } should declare what kind of reform they are reall y in search of . I say working men of London , because whenever they set an example , it is invariably the pioneer of a greater good worked out by those who are located miles distant irom them . And to do this , as I conceive more effectually , the first impulse should proceed from the Trades , as such , in the
following way : — Firstly , —A trade , or trades , according to their relative strength , should invite any other trade or trades to meet , in a public way , to discuss and resolve upon one princip le—viz ., Manhood Suffrage ; that , so meeting , a petition to Parliament should be prepared for signature , which should declare the numbers present , and the bona fide wants of the petitioners . Thus I would wish to see the Tailors , for instance , call upon the Hatters and working men generally , to meet them , for the purpose stated—to challenge opinion , and
discuss their grievances as men should do , with a liberal spirit towards all who dissent from flieprinci p lespvoponnded . The Tailors should call upon the Hatters , not exclusively , but signalising them , because , being in numbers large , this plan would give a practicability to their meeting that a more general expression would fail to bestow . The Hatters should follow the example by inviting the Shoemakers ; the latter some other trades : as also by establishing complimentary visits , in the way of returning the invitation—the Shoemakers meeting the Hatters , and the latter the Tailors . The greatest publicity should be
given to these meetings , and they should be always pronounced to be Public Meetings , so as to prevent exclusiveness in the argument , as well as to ensure the freedom of speech , upon such a theme , to all who may reasonably desire to give utterance to their thoughts . Spread over London as these trades are , necessarily , every district would be made interested in such a proceeding ; but , where it is foaud that a particular locality is more than usually slothful , then to such p lace should aome of the more influential trades proceed , cailingtheirmeetingthere , and trust to its publicition inducing the men so resident to attend . These movements should be arranged to be
held weekly ; not on a given night , bnt upon evenings most suitable to the trades invited ; aad the expenses thereof should he defrayed by the persons calling the meeting , who should be assisted , as far as their means will allow , hx those who do not otherwise contribute , as iJwubers of the trades convening the assembly . The expenses , however , would not be great ; for the publication of a meeting in the programme of the week ' s proceedings , by the Executive Committee , would serve for the public at large ; and it is not difficult , through the agency of Secretaries ( where willing , and ¦ where not b y some influential member of the trade invited , ) to give the necessary information to those concerned . I do not apprehend the least obstruction to the fulfilment of the
purpose here set forth ; but as 1 do not stickle at details , I leave the suggestion with those who will bring a willing mind to bear on the task , confident that that same mind will easily remove any impediment , and thus tend to produce the desired result . Secondly , — The Executive Committee Should also call a series of Alonthl y Public Meetings , in various parts of town , in which the speakers at the trades' meetings should take part , and report progress , and as much talent called into play as could be obtained , with the view of making each meeting a demonstration of intelligence and opinion . For tbe country , the Executive might similarly
organise proceedings ; for though sitting in Loudon , some of their members are always in the provinces , to whom this power might be safclv delegated . At these meetings , petitiuus ' should be also signed by the Chairman if not b y those assembled ; and care should be taken , that the speeches made should be as unexaggerative iu character as they are remarkable for the fixedness of purpose they breathe . I am well aware of this difficulty ; hut I have found by experience , that a Chattman can g ive a feme to an assembly , which , though departed from to a certain extent , will jet pervade the great bod y whilst so assemble . ] .
Thus would I wish to see the working men « i London ( and of all towns and districts ) directing their movements during the next nine months ; b y so doing , they may rel y upon IV , a far more liberal measure will be proposed ^ r their acceptance , than that which their « fenee will produce ; and I submit the propo-* » i to them , as one of their body , regarding it * s eminently calculated to ensure one great ivvalt , viz ., increased political power . It is to the Executive of the National Charts Association , then , that I respectfully ap-3 ' -il to . as men who should lead in such a k-r « aeiii . I ask them not to * ° ' «« pt any-
Mr. Editor,—To Theexecutive Committee Of...
thing here written , if they conceive it to he prejudicial to the great cause itself . But I call upon them to be fully sensible of the crisis that is fast approaching . I beseech them , as men of ability , to consider , whether it is not likel to . be more conducive to the interests of the masses , to rally the people to one standard , viz ., Manhood Suffrage , than to urge upon the Government the adoption of the Charter as a whole . God forbid I should be thought desirous of sinking the other five parts of its plan ; each and all are important
[ —must be struggled f or ; but I say they are not so important as the one above named . The crisis is now . pending ; the perfect realisation of the Charter is not within si ght . That is the work of years to come ; yet not so many , when that the Suffrage question shall be settled as here described . The Executive , then , have a great work to do ; and it is the duty of every man not onl y to encourage them in their labours , but to aid them by suggestions . The latter , I feel assured , they will' receive as men possessed of inquiring minds . It is to them , therefore , I dedicate this Letter . I have i
written it m plain language ,-as wr itujgjipoo a'Tiusiness subject ' ; and if they will receive it with the same kindliness of heart that has moved its author , they will peruse it as the production of a friend , who knows the working classes , and whosestudy it is to do them just as much service as God , in hisbenificence , has mercifully gifted him with the power .. T Censoe .
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And National Traces' Joilmk *
AND NATIONAL TRACES' JOilMK *
Vou M P. 725. London, Saturday, Septembe...
VOU m P . 725 . LONDON , SATURDAY , SEPTEMBER 27 , 1851 „ : ™» wm ™ . — _ ' . - ¦ - " ' - ^ - _ l __ w * ' - *? rc ShHHtig * nadSixpeace per Qunrie
The National Loan Society And The Meetin...
THE NATIONAL LOAN SOCIETY AND THE MEETING AT GREENWICH .
TO THE EDITOR OP IHK NORTHERS STAR . Sib , —Your paper of last week contains a notice from Mr . Bli gh , impugning the correctness of my report of the meeting held at the Straits Mouth , on Monday , September 8 tb . The name of Fusssll is a mistake of the printers for Foxwell . The assertion , that with the exception of one person , the rest of the meeting were ' decidedly opposed to the
scheme , ' is utterly without foundation ; from personal knowled ge , I can positively assert that the majority of the persons present , were either members of the Loan Society or favourable to its objects . The discussion or opposition which arose , w & 8 in relation to certain members of the Executive , whose conduct Mr . Stratton impugned , and not in relation to the National Loan Society . T . M . Wheeler . 19 , Mercer-street , Long-acre .
National Loan Society. At The Usual Meet...
NATIONAL LOAN SOCIETY . At the usual meeting of this body , Mr . Wheeler reported the proceedings in the Master ' s Office on the previous day , relative to the Winding-up of tbe Company . Much dissatisfaction was expressed by the members at the delay and probable expense likely to be incurred by these protracted adjournments . The usual routine of business was then transacted , and a large amount of country correspondence read . A long discussion took place relative to matters of general importance to the welfare of the Society , andan arrangement was made for a meeting of the Directors , to discuss matters of private business .
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A Public Meeting Of Shareholders Was Hel...
A Public Meeting of Shareholders was held on Sunday evening at the Hall , 26 , Golden-lane . The attendance was good : Shortly after eig ht ' , o ' clock Mr . Endean was called to the chair , and opened the bnsinesss of the meeting . Mr . Whee & kb , moved the following resolution : — ' That this meeting ; , believing the appointment of a
Committee of tbe Shareholders to be essential in promoting the honest and economical Winding-up of the Land Company , hereby appoint twenty-one persons to fill that office ; six to be elected by this meeting for the City of London and the National Loan Society ; five to be elected by the Tower Hamlets ; five for South London , and five for Westminster and Marylebone , at meetings of the Shareholders to be immediately called in those districts . '
Mr . Fbencb seconded tbe resolution . Mr . Clmiksdn thought that five would be too many , if each of the country branches were to elect committee-men , expenses would be incurred , which must be met either by tbe shareholders or out of the general fund . Mr . Wheeikr explained , that they did not expect country branches to send up committee-men ; tbe persons elected would form a central committee which would correspond with any one who might be elected in the country . He did not expect that anv great expense would be incurred .
Mr . Stratton stated , that if any extra exertions were needed from tbe committee by the official manager , he of course would pay for them , which would be more economical than his hating to pay official persons , who would be utterly ignorant of the details of the affairs of the Company . Mr . Smaia thought the object very laudable . If they did not have a Committee , they would , in all probability , he put to great expense , and the Official Manager would also be liable to be imposed upon by interested parties . Mr . Sava ge thought that three persons would he found more effective than five . Mr . Hutchings moved : —• 'That the present meeting elect five persons , and that each of the other districts elect four each . * Mr . & . ABK 30 N seconded the amendment .
The original motion was withdrawn , and the amendment adopted . The following persons were then elected b y ballot Messrs . \ Ybeeler , Stra » on , Endean , Hampden , and French . Mr . Stratton moved tbe following resolution : — * That this meeting of tbe Shareholders of tbe National Land Company authorises the Committee to call meetings of tbe shareholders , when they consider it advisable ; also that they correspond with the shareholders in the various branches in the country , and otherwise promote the speedy , efficient ,
and economic winding up of the Company . He was surprised at the apathy manifested by the shareholders - , he believed that had it not been for tbe Loan Society , no steps would have been taken to keep a watch over their interests . It was one great fault of working men , that they would not look to their interests , hut left them to the care of others who mig ht be interested in betraying the trust reposed in them . The principles on which the Company was started were truly great , and , by proper exertions , much might be d-sne towards rescuing the property from being sacrificed to tbe prejudice and malice of their opponents .
Mr . Savage seconded tbe resolution , which was carried unanimously . The meeting adjourned to Sunday , September 28 th , at tbe "WhittingtoJi and Cat , Church-row , Bethnal Green Road .
The Duke Or Atuoll's Shilling.—The Aw< B...
The Duke or Atuoll ' s Shilling . —The AW < British . Vail assures us that the Duke of Athoil exacts one shilling a head from every person taking a walk in his ground at DunReld . This is rather dear ; but the impost would be insupportable if his wrace insisted upon also showing himself for the money . —ranch . The Chair ot the Old Hvycse ov Commons . — When the old Commons House was dismantled , the fittings were put up to public auction , the Speaker ' s chair which csost £ S 9 , was sold to an hon . baronet , who fancied it would be an appropriate piece of
furniture in the library ot a politician , a proved , ! ' r to be too lofrv , and was resold for n . commntivelV small sum . " The present possessor of tto timcWored chair is Mr . Spencer proprietor , f tH ? Vin Tavern , in Kt-nmngton-road , where a we i cofdueS detatiux ^ jety is held The pre-Siwesidrart of the - Ship ' * company" happens to be In ex-AT-P ., «> that he Lis now the honour 10 SuuJ ohir to which he had eo frequently made obeisance .
Cfjattigt Intelligence
Cfjattigt intelligence
National Charter Association. Offices—14...
NATIONAL CHARTER ASSOCIATION . Offices—14 , Southampton-street , Strand . The Executive Committee of this body held their usual weekly meeting as above on Wednesday evening last . Present : Messrs . Arnott , Milne , and O'Connor . Messrs Harney , Holyoake , and Jones , being out of town , were absent . Messrs . Grassb y and Hunt were also absent , through illness . Thecorres- . pondence received was read , including the following note , from the "Northern Star " office : — . . 16 , Great Windmill-street , Sept . 8 , 1851 .
Sir , —I am authorised to say that your advertisement is far too long for the mere payment of the duty , and that if it be continued it must be charged according to tbe regular scale . You will therefore consider the matter . - Yours truly , To Mr . J , Arnott . William Rider . The following letter from Mr . Reynolds was also read : — . ., - Cleasby Villa , Tollington Park , Ho ' rnsey , - ¦ « - * . «"" " - - •¦ ' s ~* • " • • v ^ Sept . 23 , 1851 . Mt , Dear Sis . —You are well aware that for some time , past I have complained much of deter . ruination ot blood to the head , and that after attending public meetings I have frequently been unwell for several dayg . Upwards of a year & so I
entertained very serious intentions of retiring for a time from the activity and excitement of public life , and this idea I hinted at in a speech I delivered at Highbury Barn when occupying the chair , in 3 aney 1850 , at tho annual dinner of tbe United Patriarchs ' Benefit Society . But the enthusiastic attachment which I experience for the People ' s cause induced me to renounce the idea ; and I have accordingly continued up to the present time to attend ' public meetings , and take an active part in politics out of doors . The great excitement , however , which I sustained ten days ago at Bradford , compelled me
once more to look my former idea earnestly and deliberately in the face ; and the advice Of my medical attendants has corroborated the imperious necessity of a temporary withdrawal from public life , so far as public meetings and the active advocacy of my political views are concerned . For the present , then it is my intention to adopt , the course thus enforced upon me ; and that under these circumstance I feel that I cannot continue to discharge my duty punctually and energetically as a member of the Executive Committee of tho National Charter Association , I now beg to tender my resignation of that office .
But in taking this step , let me not be for a moment mUundeutood . It is only from the active and outof-door ( so to speak ) advocacy of the people ' s cause that I thus temporarily retire . In ray own studythrough the medium of my newspaper and all of my other writings—I shall continue to proclaim the people ' s wrongs and demand the people ' s rights . Whatever amount of zeal and energy I may have hitherto brought to bear upon this advocacy , will now , if possible , be increased from the fact of obtaining more time to elaborate my political views in my several publications ; and thus with my pen , as also with my purse , shall I be ever ready to advance the great cause of democracy to the
utmost of my bumble ability . in retiring from the Council-board of the National Charter Association , I beg to tender tho assurances of my highest esteem and friendship for those with whom I have there co-operated , and who will remain to direct the popular movement . The Association is indebted to me to the amount of some £ 20 , for which sum . I beg that the present letter maybe considered as a receipt in full . Knowing , moreover , that the treasury of the As < sooiation is not at the present moment in such a condition as the true friends of democracy could wish , I herewith forward you a guinea for the use ef your Tract Fund .
Towards yourself , my dear sir , I beg to express individually those feelings of friendship which I have above proffered as the homage of an admiring heart towards the members of the Executive Committee collectively;—and I cannot conclude this letter without hearing my testimony to the unwearied perseverance , the fervid zeal , and the admirable intelligence , with which you have fulfilled the onerous and important post of General Secretary , since the day of your appointment . Believe me to remain , My dear sir , Yours fraternally , Geokok W . M . Rb * hom > s . Mr . John Arnott , General Secretary ,
The Secretary stated that he . had engaged the Lecture-hall , Powisstreet , Woolwich , for a public meeting on Tuesday evening next , and that the concert in aid of the ' National Charter Fund , ' announced to take place at John-street , on Monday evening , September 29 th , was unavoidably postponed until October 13 th , in consequence of several of the talented friends who had kindl y volunteered their services being usable to attend on the first-named evening . There being onl y three of the Committee present , the transaction of business was adjourned to Wednesday evening , October 1 st . Signed on behalf of the Committee , John Abnott , Gen . Sec .
The Political Victims Association A Meet...
The Political Victims Association A meeting was held on Sunday evening , at Mr . Duddrigo s . Mr . Irons in the chair . Messrs , Frouting , Martin , and Bezer , stated that on account of so many friends being desirous of taking a part at the first Concert they had thought it advisable to postpone it for another week ; and as the Secretary had already received orders for more tickets than their present p lace of meeting would be able to accommodate , they wished to have the authority of the Association to engage some
other place . Leave granted . —The Secretary reported that , owing to the Concert , the third address would not be published till Sunday , October 22 th . —Tho Deputies from the National Reform League were informed that , if their Secretary would write to the Executive on or before Wednesday next , their complaint would be taken into consideration . After thanking the Association for their prompt interference on their behalf , the deputies withdrew . Several honorary members were enrolled .
FiksbhbvDkmockwic Association . —Ata mooting held on Tuesday ni ght , at the office , 12 , Comptonstreet , Clerk en well , the following motion was moved by Mr . Cater , and seconded by Mr . P . Johnson : — " That with a view to enable this party to be in a superior condition , to prepare the people for the forthcoming momentous struggle for their p olitical and social rights , we do now appoint a committee of nine members ( with power to add to its number , ) for the special business of convening , as speedily as possible , an unlimited number of public meetings of the- people in various districts in this metropolis , to obtain therefrom an increase of m embers , in order to merge this body into a
London Democratic Association , having for its foundation the following plan : —1 . For an i ; nliniited number of localities of the said association to bO formed in each of tho seven electoral districts of this metropolis —2 . For each locality to consist of not less than fifteen members , and to be complete when thirty are enrolled . —3 . For each locality to be superintended by a sub-secretary , and the association in all its affairs to be governed by an Executive Committee , elected annually by the whole of the members by ballot . —4 . The localities of each district to return one member only to the Executive Committee . —5 . The Executive Committee to elect from their own body the
treasurergeneral and corresponding secretaries . —6 . For each sub-secretary to be elected quarterly , by ballot , by the members only of tho locality to which he is a member , if the choice is approved of by the Executive Committee . —7 . Each sub-secretary to receive from the Executive Committee , at the expiration of his term of office , twenty-five per cent . of the whole of tbe members' weekly subscriptions he has received of the locality to which he had been the officer , as a mark of respect for the services rendered to the association . —8 . When localities are complete in their number of members , the sub-secretaries are not to relax in their energy in obtaining fresh members , in order that other localities may be formed . —ft . The members' weekly subscriptions to be one penny , and tbree-foruths of
The Political Victims Association A Meet...
of ¦ triirff , fe « " " r eIy devoted to the purchasing bin \ V £ £ ratmt 0 U 8 distribution by . 'the mem-ST" -I H ! onary and the getting up of public Safrfn ° „ n t- defraj ! n ed bJ voluntarily . subLi ptions and donat ions—The discussion wu adjourned ffiftSr " * D )? ' th . 2 M ot Be P - at Martin ' s Coffee House , ( late Lunt ' a ) Clerkenwell-green . ?? C " CoF * BE Hons * .-On Friday eveningrMr . Wm . Worseldine delivered a Lecture on the 'Province of Oratory . " He said that , were oratory _ to resume its legitimate province , Liberty would be seated on the oar of Truth , and ride triumphantly . over tyranny and corruption . He confllir-iv * -P that 0 rator y ™ - ' devoted , to the pumng down ot the strongholds of tyranny , and to the erectio n of the temple of liberty , to the refutation-of error , and to the dembnstration ^ f truth , to . tbe reproof of vice- and- to the praise ' of virtue . It was announced that Mr . Worseldine would , on the 26 th insti , - "deliver a lecture on " The Roman Drama . "
FiNsarj Ri Leeuuxv . —At a meeting held on Sunday evening , Mr . A . Fuzzen in the chair , the fob lowing persons were . elected Council for the next three months :-Messrs ; Atkinson , ' Weedon , Livesay , Hawley , and Winmill , ; The Council then agreed to meet on Wednesday evenings , and intend to consider whether the organisation of the Hoxtou locality would be effectual in its operation if applied to us . The locality then adjourned to Sunday next .
¦ The RtonKSENTAiiotf op Bradford . —Mr , G-, W . M . Reynolds has been compelled to withdraw froni the contest for this borough , for tbe reasons which have likewise induced him to resign his post as one of the members of the Executive Committee of the National Charter . Association . For those reasons , entirely connected with Mr . Reynolds ' s health , we refer our readers to his letter addressed to the Executive Committee , and published above . Mr . Robert Le Blond , who is one of the Council of Sir Joshua Walmsley ' s Association , but far outstrips that body in the liberality of his ideas has been in * vited to take Mr . Reynolds ' s place in contesting Bradford , and we sincerely hope he will accede to the proposal .
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eomagimBflw *
The Laa T D And Labour Question. To The ...
THE LAA D AND LABOUR QUESTION . TO THE EDITOR OF THE NORTHERN STAR , Sin , —In the "Star" of the 6 tb I see some lengthy quotations from a lecture of the Rev . C . Kiugsley , on " the application of association principles and the method to agriculture , " which gives me much pleasure . If ail the rev . gentlemen from the Land ' s-End to John 0 'Groat ' s would take to that subject , and give a short lecture every week on the evil tendency , and astounding and horrifying consequences which have followed , in natural order ,
the wicked practice of what has been called the consolidation of farms—namely , turning out eigbt or ten small farmers , and throwing all their farms into one—they would not only put a stop to the prevailing evil , but very probably turn the current the other and most natural way . It is high time now , in this wonderful age of thought and discovery , when we have gone so far in our competitive race , that we took a momentary breathing , and looked back to see and consider what we had gained or lost by our mad and frenzied career during the last , half century , and try to estimate what our position is likely to be at the end of the now-entered other fifty years .
It is now time that the press and the pulpit became serious , and arranged themselves in good earnest , either for or against the people J and , by the way , no country in any age had a better opportunity to set things in order , than we have at this time . We have the most enlightened and beloved Queen on the throne ^ and her worthy husband , whom the people delight to ' honour . They and their young family mix with the people in a rational and praiseworthy way , so that in their own merit they are safe ; and , by their conduct hitherto , we have a right to claim them , and I am sure they will come to the popular side ; so that there is only a few venomous reptiles—" snakes in the grass "—that we have to overcome , and root out , to make this island as safe and healthy to live in as
any other portion of this planet . But the press and the pulpit must begin their work by teaching the people a few first principles—principles that have been long hid carefully from their view , and on which both the press and the pulpit have laboured diligently to throw all the rubbish they could , in order to preclude the possibility of ever seeing them . The first lesson to be taught the people impressively and emphatically is , that the Land is their own—that those who have got p 0386 Ssion of it , and grind its cultivators in the dust , have no more rig ht and title to it than the murderer and robber has to the purse , goods , and gear of which
he has robbed hits victim . The laud belongs to those who will cultivate it , and produce food therefrom for man , and the beasts that he has subjected , and that rely on him for maintenance . The land is —¦ as the ocean and air—necessary and free to all that live ; and so ample that all can have enough and to spare—no individual or class of men can have an exclusive title to it , otherwise than by the appropriation through his labour ; and none can have any right to monopolise more than is requisite for himself while any one is in want . AH have alike a life interest in the soil , and nothing more . . This is a right and title entailed on tho posterity of man for ever , and no human laws can set it aside .
It is time an end was put to the wicked traffic in land . There is much can be said on that subject . What is the cause of so many houseless poor in this country , but the extravagantly high rents ? What is the cause of high rents , when the material for building is so plentiful , and idle hands in that profession so numerous ? Why , tho astoundingly high price charged for land , and equally extortionate charge for conveyance . So that even if a working man can save as much as would build a hut , tho land owner and attorney rob him of it . Tho time must soon come now , when a great portion of the working class must fall back on their land' for the means of sustenance , and the sooner they begin the move the better . The great discoveries and inventions in machinery , together with the conspiracy of the capitalists and legislature against the producers of wealth , has reduced gradually the price of labour
to so low an ebb thai , ia some cases , it is absolutely impossible to support life , * and , at the same time , so many are thrown out of employment , that those in employment are forced to the utmost stretch of their physical and mental ability , to induce their taskmasters to retain them . Thus adding to the very evil they should endeavour to abateprostrating at the same time their own proper dig . nity as men , and consenting to become the slaves , both in body and mind , of their ignorant , arrogant , domineering drivers . From the inadequate remuneration of our we . 'lth producers , they are prevented from being partakers or consumers of the wcaltli their own hands produce . Hence our dull homo market . From near one-third of our able and willing workers being always out of employment , follows an increase of poor ' s rates and crime . We have seen enough—its continuance much longer is too terrifying to contemplate .
fhere : is , in the United Kingdom , many hundred square miles of land lying uncultivated , and consequently unproductive ; not to apeak of what we call our colonial possessions . If one half of what we pay in poor ' s rates and the prosecution of criminals was applied to the building of cottages , and cultivation of wasteland , as also the reclaiming of land from the sea and rivets - , and if instead of i mpvisoning able-bodied men for crime and debt—to make them worse—they were classified and sent o work on the fields at a fair wage—a moiety of which to be retained till restoration was made ' to those they
had injured , when they would bo at liberty to go or remain , as they chose—tliero would soon be few poor to support , few criminals to prosecute , few insolvent debtors ; and the prisons might be allowed to stand as monuments of our former folly—but they would be empty . Come down , sir , upon that subject , set it ouce fairly a going , and it will enlarge itself as it rolls on , like the snowball down the snow-clad mountain . If you will give a place to the foregoing in your next , " I shall give you a few of my observations and reminiscences at another time , 1 am , Sir , Yours , J . T ., An Oid RKFonsiER . Birkenhead , Sept . 15 , 1851 .
How Oua Ancestors Suppressed Bloomrrism....
How oua Ancestors suppressed Bloomrrism . — At the present crisis in female costume the following extract from the Kirk Session Register of Perth , showing the consequence in former times of " putting oil the breaks , " may amuse our readers : — " April 16 , 1 C 32 . Conforn to citation , compeared Jane Gibson , servant lass , arid is accused ot indecent wantonness in putting on men ' s clothes upoa her . & he answered that ahe tsimply drew upon her a pair of brceks , and cast them off immediately , and she promised never to do the like hereafter . She is committed to ward , therein to remain the space oi three hours . "
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¦ mt V . ' •» ! (^ ow the Kmej . ) : w hat has appeared to he the extraordinary emigration of the last five years ' continues unabated ! and 1 promises ' . ^ shall' we rather say threatens ?—to be the permanent drain of the British population . The number of immigrant afc New York t pao /^} he first eight-months of this year has . oee 2 , w > , again 8 t about three . foui . tns of thi ( . number last year ,. To this must be added thonur o-Ders that still go by the route of ; the St . Lawrence . ©
ana in , mtjreased emigration , of which there are symptoms alread y in ' tbii port of . London ,, to our Australian colonies . ' . Though it Jr . trao Wat many ot these are -Germans , and that some thousands ! Ki ! L w wk * 7 p dtoot frora-Bremen aM other continental ports , still by far the greater part are our own people . As for Ireland , what we see themis absolutel y . without paralleliu history : and there 19 nothing like it , even in fable , unless it bo that vast and impatient multitude which iBneas is related by the poet to have beheld on the shores of the Styx :-..
: Qoam mutta in sylvis ahtunini frigore prlmo ' " . Lapsa caduntfoUa , nut ad terramgurgi te ' abalto i Quam mulf & glomeraatur avea , uWf & Wn » ahQuB .. . « i . WiP ^ ^ grri 94 mrm ^ ti | iprieh ) . - ( , . •^^ bjrrtJ ^ j ^ frliif ^ < . ; . - Tendebantque manus ripas ulterioria amore . Navitaaed trist ' : s nunc hos , nunc acoiphilios , As ! alios longd sumnimotos arcet arena . Every where we are told the farmers are flitting with tbe produce of thejr crops , and the labourers with their wages for harvest work . Employers ha re been forced to pay this ' ' year a trifle more than heretofore ; and it now appears that , 80 far from this proving a temptation * to remain at home , it will only increase the difficulty next year . Though this is the most unfavourable season of the year for
emigration , the terrors of a stormy passage and an American winter seem to be lost on people who feel I that no ocean or soil can ever be so inhaopitable as that which has given them birth . The railways are loaded with emigrants , who , on their arrival at the port , race to the ship as if ilying for their lives . Fortunate are they * h . o are not left on the quays , to linger for weeks in the hope of another vessel . It is not merel y the bone and sinew , the rude material of industry , that is betaking itself elsewhere . Many of the vessels are freighted with a superior class , carrying often not merely their savings but all the qualities also that belong to their position . When aa emigration such as this has gone on for five years , it becomes a matter of great interest to
inquire how long it is likely to continue , and what will be its probable effects on the Country that suffers this drain ? . As to the first of these questions , it is reasonable ; to suppose that so long as tbe United Statea offer the advantages they now do , so . longas the transport is so cheap and expeditious , and so long as British labour suffers its present difficulties and burdens , there willbo no diminution , but rather an increase , of this wonderful movement . Unless tbe United States should quarrel among themselves , or any other great calamity should befall them , they must every year become mora and more capable of accommodating and employing the stranger . Their greatest progress has hitherto been in chief lines of communication , and other such works , which most contribute to future
prosperity and grandeur . By means of those lines the valley of the Mississippi and the shores of the lakes are now brought as near to New York as if they were actually within sight of it ; and soil which twenty years ' ago was ubtrod-isnow traversed by a thoroughfare of nations . At this day , throughout the greater part of the United States , the cry is still for more hands ; and , as production is still rapidly increasing , it is evident that it must bo long before there ' are too many mouths . As to the means of transport , every year new lines of oeeau steamers are projected , of increased capacity and speed , at decreasing fares ; so that it is not improbable that before long a twelve days' passage will be . brought within the means of the common run of emigrants . Meanwhile many lines of
firstclass aauing vessels are profitably employed in the service , and every week during the present year vessels of the largest size might be seen in our docks fitting up for emigrants under the eye of the government inspectors . If it answers the purpose of several thousand Germans every year to take a passage to this port , and to be at the cost of a residence here for some days or weeks , in order to avail themselves of our ships , it is clear that the British are long likely to possess the greatest facilities for emigration in the world . As for the causes at homo which have imparted to the present emigration its melancholy character , as a flight from personal difficulties and national ills , whether they are likely to continue , or even to increase , is a question oi great delicacy . Not to go further into it , we may reasonably doubt whether within the next twenty years the pressure of circumstances will be so materially reduced as to affect the calculations of
the would-be emigrant , or whether the avenues to wealth and position will be so much widened and smoothed as to diminish the contrast supposed to exist in this respect between British and American society . The institutions and customs of this country are all adapted to tho supposition of a vast difference of classes—a lower class , redundant , necessitous , ignorant , and manageable ; an upper class , wealthy , exclusive , united , and powerful ; and a middle class , struggling to emerge from the lower , and attach itself to the upper . This supposition must long hold good , and will probably reign as an opinion even after it has been considerably qualified as a fact ; but , whether as a fact or an opinion , it trill long exercise a repulsive influence on the poorer , tbe less fortunate , and the more struggling classes , and will drive them to seek their fortunes where society is imagined to be clearer oi such barriers and distinctions .
Should this emigration continue at tbe same rate for the next twenty years , it cwmot have but important effects on this country . As it happens , the number happens almost exactly to tally with tho natural increase of our population , so that a continued drain to this amount , and no more , would leave our population at a stand . Such a result , it might be supposed ,. is both natural and desirable . For a long time it has been firmly believed that we labour under a redundance of population , and that in one island , at least , wo could well dispense with very largo masses . Accordingly emigration , even to its present unprecedented amount , has been
hailed as the very remedy our condition requires . Nothing is more likely , however , than that the experience of an opposite state of things , —such an experience , in fact , as that we are now likely to have , —may disabuse us of this idea , and may prove that a country such as ours requires what is Called a redundant population . An inexhaustible supply of Cheap labour has so long been a condition of our social system , whether in town or country , whether for work or for pleasure , that it remains to be seen whether a great enhancement of labour would nob disturb our industrial , and even our political arrangements , to a serious extent . Two men have been after one master so
long , that we are not prepared for tho day when two masters will be alter one man , for it is not certain either that the masters can carry on their business , or that the men will comport themselves properly , under tho new regime . A great rise in the price of iabour will affect tho naval and military service , public works , the principal branches of national industry , tho cost of conducting railwaysin fact , every department of public or private business . It does not follow that the present state of things will continue because population will be at a standstill . Commercial enterprise and social development require an actually increasing population , and also that the increase shall be in the most serviceable , that is the laborious part of the population , for otherwise it will not be sufficiently at
the command of capital and skill . These considerations assume no little gravity with the prospect before us—when we are threatened , vriih a population , not increasing , perhaps even diminishing in tho aggregate , while the most useful , that is the working chss , is continually becoming less numerous , compared with the rest . Doubtless , a limited supply of labour may be met , to a very great extent , by the many now inventions for economising it ; but it is scarcely credible that a country whicti has enjoyed so long sv superabundance of labour should be able at once , without inconvenience , to adapt itself to a totally different state of things . Alan has not had his proper value in these islands for the last half century . Jt may bo for the ensuing half century to correct , perhaps very emphatically , the error of the past .
There aro three parties among whom it should seem the expense of a well constructed system of emigration from these islands ought to he divided , — the parish , the emigrant , and the colony . The first has hitherto been unwilling , and the second unable to contribute , and it has'thereforo been , on the colony that the burden of supplying itself with labour has been thrown . This process is effected according to the modern theory , by selling land at a price sufficiently high to import labourers , aod to
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prevent their becomii ?^ proprietors so ; on -. ifteV ^ botf | niportatipn . , The u ' roiiJoea ' t defect . 6 f , this jsystem is , that by . m'hisiiig emigration . purel y . ^ ei £ e * mosy « Iliiry . 'it places the ' emigrant ou ft degraded footing , and deals ohljnvith a class of w / tteh , aUhoWS the mother country may be very happ * to ' gefc rid ; the colony will . have little reason to'beJnrdiroy'mt laf S . if ow t . ° ' thi 8 gratuitous onariotirroV Ma emigration which they « onduct , and Khevnaibral tendency ; of man & iad to undervalue that wbiohihey obtain , for nothing , as well : as to certain- shortcomings in matters of detail and accomni » itotion # that our ffelbsalaried . Emi gration CommiasASuers * with their host . Of olerka arid legion of touteisilhav © failed to conciliate to tfcerhsefveB the bonfidfenib of tho working classeflvjoftbisesuptry ; That « onfidenco they ¦ have nnhfesiiJatihgly bestowed oil
* lady . j who , ' without official ! connexion of any klnd has succeeded in inventingand h ' carrying ' out a > newisystem : of self-supporting emigration , - which seems JikeJy tabe ; a formidable rival to that of , tbff government ^^ . though backed by the- land funds of all the Australian colonies . . ^ 4 The principles On which thi » system Jias , ceeri constructed "hre the payment of &> Jorge proportion of . his p " a § sage-money by the ' ¦ intending ' einigton ^ which ' is freceired in weekly instalntenSs , aird '' tbff advancement of the remainder by way or loan / to * be . repaid -within t two years after ' * tbs emigrant ' s arrival in the colony . The peculiarity ; ^ f / thOipJan consists- mainly in tha mfeaas . iwWch are de ^ sed for inducing ; this , repaymen ' ti The first aecMg & cwbici » the society'takesIs ' that of previouseood ' cBancteF .
The intended emigraiita are invited to' for **? themselves' into ' groups , " : which ' are in' spine degf 69 answerable for the cbnduct of each or their lhetn > hers , and to these " groups "is delegated th # ta slc of inquiring Jnto : the character of every candidate for admission into them , a task which : tbey : ; btrve hitherto discharged , with much strictness and > . jys » tice . . There is the additional security of the ,. previous industrious habits of . the ehiigrant , Hesti 6 ed ; by a long course ' of weekly sayings , by " which the > amount of hispassage ' m ' ohey . 'bi'geherallir ' raisexl . By the contrivance of the " group " eVeVy member is subjected to the influenoajof the-publicbpiniori » f his own class , and every default ip ^ fUkyjaont would be sure to imply a loss © feasted' Another inducement to repayment is , - that it will be in the power Of any emigrant repaying the Ipan to . nominate % person in England towards the payment of whose passage-money he would wish it applied . Under this
[ system the society has in the course '" -of the lasfc i year fitted out three ships to Australia , - at the expense of little more than £ 12 ahead for each adulr , two-thirds of which have been contributed by tne emigrants themselves , and one-third advanced by way of loan out of the funds of the society . In these ships the emigrants receive accommodation of a very diffavent character from that hitherto provided . Instead of giving up the whole after-part of tho ship to cabin passengers , anil crowding its living frei g ht into the forepart , tho whole vessel is fitted up into cabins for the use of the emigrants , and all are permitted to take air and exercise on tho poop . Each family has its separate cabin , children above fourteen years of age sleep in separate compartments from their parents , ono cabin is allotted to every six single women , and these are placed under tho special protection of the married couples of the groups to which they belong .
We mention these latter particulars , because we believe it is to them more than to anything eho the system owes its popularity among the working classes . It seems to have been hitherto assumed by those who build houses or fit up ships for the poor ; that the lower classes are without any feeling of delicacy or modesty , and while a single dormitory is allotted to tho inmates of a ' cottage , a single cabin with berths pkced around it , has been conab dered sufficient for the married and single of an emigrant ship . It was most honourable to this society to have suggested and carried out this improvement , and most creditable to tbe working classes to have so immediately appreciated it . Instances have occurred , and are every day occurring , of persons refusing to avail themseives of the
gratuitous passage ottered by the government , and preferring to pay , at the expense of a year ' s labour and self-denial , for the superior decency and comfort on board the ships of the Family Colonisation Loan Society . It is to be remarked , to the honour of Mrs . Chis . holm and of the committee which , under the presidency of Lord Shaftesbury , assists her benevolent and disinterested labours , that tho . society has been called into existence , and provided passages for upwards oi seven hundred emigrants , without incurring a single shilling of debt . The difficulty it had and still has to contend with , is not oa th « aide of the . working ehstes , who are ready iu ttavftMMte to contribute the required quota of their passage money , but in the deficiency of contributions from those who , it was
boped , would have come forward to supply the fundSi requisite for the . loan . While the Emigration Commissioner * pay & pound a bead to their agents for every emigrant whom they can induce to accept a gratuitous passage , this society is besieged by applicants whom it is unable to assist , from the neglect of the wealthier classes to contribute to its funds . Nevertheless , wo feel persuaded that the exertions of the society will be crowned with success . We have the example of Irish emigration to tell us , that if the rich fail them , the poor will not . The same feeling which induces the Irish labourer to remit the passage-money for the rest of his family will have a like effect in Australia , with the addition that such a payment will not merel y be an act of kindness , but a debt of honour .
Anticipating , however , for this system great extension and vast influence on the future destinies of Australian emigration , we had far rather see it conducted under the auspices of the rich than resting on the Unassisted efforts of tho poor . No oppurtuaic ought in these days to be omitted of linking togt . thcr by acts ot kindness the different orders ol society . Wo should also have thought that a few thousands from the land funds of tho Australian colonies would have been better employed in procuring tho emigration of a very superior class of labourers , than in sending out at three or four times the expense the refuse of our great towns and villages . A Jittie . seasonable assistance to thia
society would probably enable it to avert in a great measure that dearth of labour with which the colonies of Australia are threatened . But , if this is not to be , and the government prefers to squander tho money its own way , Wo believe that those who have thus shown themselves able and willing to pay two-thirds of their passage-money will , by the exercise of a little more labour . and st'lf-denial , pay the whole , and that we are about to witness the singular phenomenon of thousands of persons projerrin ^ emigration at their own expense under the auspices-of a private company to a a free passage offered in the vessels of the government . — Times .
Latest Folieign Sews. France. Paris, Tii...
LATEST FOliEIGN SEWS . FRANCE . Paris , Tiiuksdav . —The trial of the Aoen p meat ended , as usual , in the condemnation of the editor to six months' imprisonment . The publisher of the ' Presse ' has been alike condemned by default . The opposition journals are afraid to express their sentiments oa this tremendous persecution of the newspaper press , but avenge themselves by exposing- the unconstitutional character of the speeches of Leon Faucher at Chalons , who openl y said that no obstacle should be allowed to prevent the will of the people with regard to the continuation of Louis Napoleon in power .
KOSSUTH . The following information has arrived at Paris;—Smyksa , Sept . 12 , —Kossuth has been received here b y the Mississippi . It seems that Sir Stratford Canning and M . Lavalette went to the Dardanelles in the Growler to see Kossuth , who left on the 7 th .
Lord Palmj211ston At Tivertoa'. Lord Pal...
LORD PALMJ 211 STON AT TIVERTOA ' . Lord Palmerston timed with his constituents on Wednesday . The entertainment was given in the Assembly-room , which was tastefully decorated for the occasion , and where above 150 gentlemen , as many as the room could accommodate , sat down to an excellent dinner at three o ' clock . Mr . F . Hole , who was in the chair , was supported bv Mr . Jieathcoat , M . V . for Howe , the mayor , Mr , Heathcoat Amory , and a number of the priVA * ' - cipal inhabitants of Tiverton and the neighbourhood . After the dinner the company were addressed by Lord Palmerston and Mr . Heathcoat . The health of the Mayor and two or three other toasts closed the proceedino-s .
The Ncyer.Failmg Tftwu Of Blair". Guut A...
The ncYer . failmg tftwu of Blair " . Guut and Rheumatic Pills m curing every desenptiou of Guut and Kheumutism , h « e secured to them a celebrity unequalled by auy medicine of past or present times . They » ot only give velvet \\\ a . ittw hours , where the patient has been driven nearly to madness by the excruciating tortures uf this disease , but restore to perfect health in an incoiiwivaMy short space of time . They are equally speedy and certain in rheumatism , cither chronic or acute lumbago , sciatica , pains in the head or face , and indeed for tvery rhvunuitic or gouty affection ; in fact , eucli h- > 3 been tfie rapidity , perfect ease , and comphr . e safety of this mtumme , ihat it has astonished all ivlio have tnKen it ; «"" " were i .-. scv . ! --C-ly a city , town , or village in the -Uiugdom but owmns many grateful evidences of its benign iiiuuem-e . S >! d by all medicine venders . 1 ' iire - ' s . Od . per box . Owi-i-. e Ow name ' Thomas I ' rout , iiiV , s'rand , London , on the government stamp .
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Sept. 27, 1851, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_27091851/page/1/
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