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¦ ¦ ¦ October 28,1848. THE NORTHERN STAR...
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•The following selections are extracted ...
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SUbieta*
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THE HISTORY 0? IRE1ASB, from the earlies...
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IJou ai Cbrreipoiidence. The Private Let...
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Queen Mab. A Philosophical Poem, By Perc...
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:v-; ¦¦¦ ;-'r--'- ' ' ' - :'¦ ¦ ¦:¦" ¦ !...
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The Tax-Payer's Catechism. By Effiax. Li...
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The People 's Charter. A verbatim Report...
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An Appeal to Trades Societies. By Alfred...
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An Act of the People's Parliament for th...
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Publications Received.—A Treatise on Fem...
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THE LABOUR QUESTION. 10 THS KDITOa OF TH...
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Coopebativb Laud ano Buildiko Leaode.—At...
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TO THB PE OPLE OF ENGLAND. Letter If. FE...
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London Shipping Regulations.—It is the m...
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WMttUZ.
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Railway Accident.—On Monday we k, s hort...
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
¦ ¦ ¦ October 28,1848. The Northern Star...
October 28 , 1848 . THE NORTHERN STAR . a
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•The Following Selections Are Extracted ...
• The following selections are extracted from S huxey ' s Queen Mai : — COURTIERS . Those gilded fiiei That basking in the sunshine of a court Fatten on its cerroption!—what are they ! Tbe drones of the community ; thty feed Oa tbe mechanic ' s labour : the starved hind For them compels the itubborn glebe to yield Its unshared harvests ; and yon squalid form , Leaser than Ashless misery , that wastes A iunless life in the unwholesome mine , Drsgs outlalaoour a protracted death , To glut their grandeur ; many faint with toil , That few mar know the cares and woes of sloth .
WARRIORS A 5 D- LAWYERS ; - — ~ War is the statesman ' s game , the priest's delight The lawyer ' s jnt , thi hired assassin ' s trade , And , to those royalmurderenj whose mean thrones Are bought by crimes of treachery and gore , Tbe bread they eat , ths staff on which they lean . Guards / garbed in bloodied livery , surround Tbeir palaces , participate the crimes That force defends , and from a nation ' s rage Secures the crown , which all the curies reach That famine , frenry , woe and penury breathe . These are the hired brsvoi who defend ' The tyrant ' s throne—the bullies of his fear : Thete are tha tints and channels of wont vice , Therefuse of lodety , the dregs Of all that is most vile : their cold hearts Wend Deceit with sternness , ignorance with pride , AU that is mean and vBIanous with rage
"Which hopeleunesi of good , and lelf-comtempt , Aloas might kladle ; they are decked in wealth , Honour aadpower ' then are tent abroad To do their work ! The pestfleace that italki la gloomy triumph , through tome eastern land Is leu destroying . They oajole with gold . And promises of fame , the thoughtless youth Already crushed with servitude : he hnswa Hii wretchedness too late , and cheriehea Repentaxce for his ruin ; when hla doom Is sealedmgold and blood ! Those tsa tha tyrant esrre , »** . IkSUd to snare The feat of justice in the toils of law . Stand , ready to oppress the weaker etai ; And , right or wrong , will vindicate for gold , Sneering at public virtue , which beneath Their pitiless tread Ilea torn and trampled , where Honour siti smfllag at the sale of truth .
KINGS ASD SUBJECTS . Nature rejects ' . the monarch , not the man ; The subject , not the citizen : fir kings And subjects , mutual foes , for ever play A losing game into each others hands , Whose stakes are vice and misery . THE BOOK Of FALSEHOOD AND TYRANNY . Whence , thinkest thou , kings and parasites arose ! Whence that uanatural line of drones , who heap Toll and unvanquiihablepeaury On thota who build their palaces , and bring Their daily bread ?—From vice , black loathsome
? rosx rapine , madness , treachery , amd wrong ; Fr > m all that geaderi misery , and makes Of earth this thorny wflderneu ; fxemlnit . Revenge ami murder—And when reason ' s voiee , L-rad as the voice of nature , shall have waked ThenstioHi ; end mankind perceive that vice Is discord , war , and misery ; that virtue Is peace , aad happiness andharmony ; When man ' s maturer nature shall disdain - The plaything of ite chHdhood }—Idmgly glare Will lass its pn war to dazzle ; its authority Wfllsuentl jpMS by ; thegorgeaus throne SnaS stand nnnoticei ia the regal fcaU , Fait falling to decay ; whilst falsehood ' s trade Shall be as hateful anluaprofitabU As that ef truth i « uaw .
Subieta*
SUbieta *
The History 0? Ire1asb, From The Earlies...
THE HISTORY 0 ? IRE 1 ASB , from the earliest period of the Irish Annals , to the Rebellion of 1848 . By T . Wright , 1 LA ., F . S . A ., & c Parts I . —II . London : J . & F . TaDis , 100 , St John Street . An impartial and trustworthy History of Ireland would" be one of the most valuable and interesting works that author and publisher combined could present to the public In . the ' address * which accompanies the first part of this publication , it is truly said , that'There exists at present no History of Ireland of a character to be placed in the bands
of the general reader . Works of this and , hitherto published , are either imperfect in plan , defective in research , or disfigured by the political or religions prejudices of tbe miters . ' Tie address' adds : — It will be the especial aim of the author of the pre . seat work to avoid this dangerous rock ; he will en . deavourto give , as far as the materials will permit , a true picture of Irish history ; and he will study , above all , to relate "the stirring events which come beneath his pen , as well as the causes which have led to them , and the effects which have followed , with the strictest impartiality . '
This promised impartiality is not so easy a matter , for whether an author be « Saxon * or' Celt , ' Catho-Ec or ProtestantjConservative or Progressionist , itis a difficult task to rigidly abstain from giving a favourable colouring to one set of principles and partisans at the expense of their opposites and rivals . Nor is this all ; even though able to divest ^ himself of prejudice in dealing with the events of his own time and reviewing the events of the past—the historian has the still more difficult task of penetrating the pre . indices and partialities of his predecessors , on whom
he must mainly depend for the reported facts of pre ceding centuries . To get at tbe truth of events which have been disfigured by the mystifications of 'History , ' is at the best a laborious , and often a hopeless undertaking . Of Mr Wright ' s ability there can be no question . We trust that _ whenthis publication is brought to a close , the same may be as truly asserted of his allegiance to truth , in spite of sect or party . If the author of this History of Ireland produces a work such as the ' address' we have quoted from promises , he will confer a lasting benefit upon society .
It affords us pleasure to speak favourably of the work thus far . Part I . opens with an account of Ireland as known to the Greeks and Romans , com . seating with the celebrated voyage of the Argonauts . The ancient leaders and masters of the world $ eem to have been very little acquainted with' Ierne ' and its inhabitants . It was not till the year 120 that the geographer Ptolemy wrote an account of the country , describing its coasts , harbours , rivers , and seaport towns ; of the interior of the country he seems to have known but little . Notwithstanding
its imperfections , his account of' Hibernia' possesses considerable interest , even after the lapse of more ftan seventeen centuries . The remainder of Part I . is occupied with the legendary history of Ireland ; ind although Mr Wright evidently has but little faith in the annals of the mystic period of ouM Erin ' s history , he appears to have given a faithful abridgement of those annals , from the time of the landing of Noah's niece (!) , to the holy and happy time when , as some nameless bard of the streets declares , St
Patrick' Give the snakes snd toads a twist , And banifh'd them far ever . * The adventures of the Milesians ; the institutes of Ollamh Fodhla ; the building of the Palace of Emauia ; the wars of Ossian ' s heroes ; the conquests achieved by Nial and Dathy ; the preachings and miracles of St Patrick ; with many other stories , equally wonderful , find place in this portion of the iustory . Part II . opens with an account of Ireland during the earlier Anglo-Saxon period , and some forty pages follow which are almost entirely filled with accounts of civil contentions , the sanguinary convicts of rival chieftains , and the Danish invasions . Almost the only bright pages in this dark record are those which tell of the events of those heroic times , ' Whea Ualachy wore the collar of gold ,
Which he won from the proud invader . ' And when Malachy ' s still more famous rival ruled Ireland , from north to south , from sea to sea , and Danes and all other enemies—foreign aud domestic " acknowledged tbe sovereig nty of BpaoJJoru . -It * 2 sio the reign of the great Brian that a' young damsel of surpassiBg beauty , robed in a costly dress covered with jewels , carrying in her hand a wand , *« h a gold ring of great value fixed at the top , wandered , without attendants , from the northernmost P » t of the island to the south ; and no one attempted , sther in face of day , or under cover of the shades of
^ Sht , to rob her of her honour , to strip her of her ticb apparel , or even to steal her ring of gold . ' This pretty little romance at least indicates a high degree of prosperity and public order during the more Hunateyears of Brian ' s reign . Unfortunately , these d'jsdid not long continue . The treason of an infeior chief was the fatal cause of that famous battle P " Clontarf ; in which , although the Danes were & % defeated and terribly destroyed , the great « ag Brian was himself slain , together with the flower oHrish chivalry . The story of this battle is told with great power , and Mr Wright does justice , both w 'he matter and manner of this portion of his work
The History 0? Ire1asb, From The Earlies...
to The splendraf ^ er ^ Volt & elrisb ^^ rs 'in ' that memorable battle . The « glories of Brian the brave * will never fade from the page of history . But the victory of Clontarf—though gloriouswas a fetal event for Ireland ; her 'bravest , wisest , ¦ best / fell on that battle-field ; and the country immediately relapsed into that state of anarchy which rendered the subsequent invasion of the Nor . man brigands a matter so comparatively easy . It [ is a fact which should not be lost sight of , that in j the very first quarrel between England and Ireland , ; the former was tbe aggressor . Nearly 500 years ' before Strongbow ' s invasion , Egfrid , King of Not . thumbria , sent an army into Ireland , com-, manded by a Saxon earl , named Beret , ' who , ' ,
says Bede ( the old English historian ) , ' miserably wasted that harmless people , which had always been most friendly to the English . ' Itis true that about two hundred and fifty years subsequently , a combined Danish and Irish army entered the Humber , and invaded 'England , and were defeated with great slaughter by the English king , Athelstane ; that , however , appears to have been the only occasion on which the Ir ' nh acted the part of aggressors , and got , what all aggressors deserve , well trounced for their pains . Unfortunately , the good cause is not always victorious , otherwise , the fate of the Irish at Brnanburh , and the Danes at Clontarf , would have been shared by the mail-clad ruffians who laid the foundation of that
rule of wrong which for seven centuries has inflicted misery upon Ireland , and dishonour upon this country . The dissensions of the Irish chiefs , and their treachery to each other—which too often took the shape of positive treason to their common countryappear to have been the main causes of Ireland ' s ruin . The crimes of Dermod M'Murrough . and the infamy of his paramour Dervorgilla — the Helen of ; Ireland—paved the way for Irish slavery * The history of the flig ht of Dermod to England , and his subsequent return leagued with the sworn enemies . of his country ; together with the capture of Wex- i ford , the invasion of Ossory , the arrival of Strong- ! how , and the capture of Dublin , takes up the . con- eluding portion of Part II . * When' says Mr Wright , \
speaking of the first campaign of the English adventurers in Ireland , '' when we consider the small number of invaders , their success appears wonderful ; hut it was the victory of trained' soldiers overran dhciplined valour , and the-Irish were defeated less by deficiency of courage in those who fought , than by the want of unity among the different petty states , and the consequent absence of the vigorous counsels necessary on an occasion when the independence of the whole island was threatened . ' To this should be added the fact so humiliating to Ireland , that numbers of her own sans , influenced by ambition , personal hatred , or a thirst for rapine , were but too ready to leagne with the invaders against their own country . Under such circumstances the loss of national independence was the feast of inevitable calamities . '
Mr Wright Strongly and properly condemns the wholesale slaughterings committed by the invaders , and the cruelties they inflicted on the prisoners who fell into their hands—the beginning of that wicked policy of * striking terror into the Irish , ' which has been continued to the present time . This work is printed with large clear type on good paper , and the embellishments are of the first class , although , we think , with the exception of the map of Ireland , ont of place . Part I . contains , in addition to the map , an engraving representing the
arrest of Lord Edward Fitzgerald , and an illustrated title page , portraying the entry of George the Fourth into Dublin . Part If . contains an engraving of the trial ot Daniel O'Connell , in 1844 . We submit that these illustrations should have been reserved for future parts . Engravings of the Battle of Clontarf , and some other subject from the ancient history of Ireland , would have been more appropriate at the present stage of publication . Thus far we may conscientiously recommend this ' History of Ireland' to our leaders .
Ijou Ai Cbrreipoiidence. The Private Let...
IJou ai Cbrreipoiidence . The Private Letters of Queen Victoria and Lou's Philippe , on Political and Domestic Subjects . London : W . Strange , 21 , Paternoster Row . The originals of these letters were discovered at the Tuileries , in the secret portfolio of the ex-King of the French , after his flight from Paris on the 24 th of February . This collection is edited by the author of Sketches of her . Majesty ' s Household , ' several of whose works have been favourably noticed in this journal . Copies in French of the original letters are given * together with translations and very copious notes , explaining political facts and allusions which otherwise ' raight not be comprehended by the
general reader . A good deal of royal humbug is laid bare in tbis little book ! and , truth to say , tbe humbug , at least so far as the Spanish marriages were concerned , does not ' appear to have been exclusively on the side of the Fagin of France ; the Coburgs and Palmerstens appear to have been as deep in the mud as his ex-Kingship was in the mire . In fact , both parti's played a deep game , in which , of course , the veteran gamester triumphed . Palmerston , with all his trickery , and the hungry Coburgs , with all tbeir disinterested zeal , were—both combined—no match for the great jew-trafficker of the Tuileries . For a
rich exposure of royal morality and royal decency , we commend the reader to * Oar very dear Brother ' Philippe ' s letter to his there bonne Louise , the Queen of the Belgians , in which the ' nubility' of the Queen of Spain , and the' virility' of the prince , who is now her husband , are discussed with a freedom which might not seem out of place in the correspondence of a horse-dealer reviewing the qualities of the animals be might be disposed to purchase , or wished to dispose of , but which reads queer enough when human beings—we will not say' royal personages '—are tbe subjects of such brutal comments .
In this work the reader will be reminded of the fraternal hug given by Louis Philippe to Prince Albert , when the latter went on board the Gomer to welcome the former to England . He will be informed , too , how ' my poor Montpensier' rivalled Prince Albert in suffering ' from that odious seasickness ; ' how the Princess-Royal wrote to the lodger at tbe Tuileries , and how , in return , the little lady received a' duckof a doll' as a present from her ' Old Cousin [ old cozener ?] Louis Philippe . ' These and many other tit-bits , independent of the political portion of the correspondence make this book worth perusal . That the old trickster was often troubled with prophetic fore-shadowings of the future , is manifested in several parts of this correspondence . We quote an example of this in a letter addressed to Queen Victoria , in December , 1844 : —
FOBEBOBIHGS OF XHE FOTDBE . I perfectly comprehend , as your Majesty reminds me , hew rash It wonld be to givr oee ' s self up too long before hand te projects andhopas which so many cireums ances might frustrate and render chimerical ; and , . above all , with reaptct to your Majesty ' s exoursion , as to the period whin we might hare the happiness to receive yon at St Cloud , aud to Co jou thehoooorsaf P & rlt on an grand or as small a scale as might suit yen or Prince Albert . Above all things , I beg both of jou to be assured that , . whatever my desires may be that this journey should
take place , I would never coisent to psrmtt jou to undertake it if I had not previously acquired aa entire and absolute conviction that you would be there received as , under jour auspices , I wai rtc : ived in England . That conrictioa I now entertain ; but I know too well the men , snd the times in which it has been given me to live , ever to engage to reply for tbe future ; and my advice ie never to engage one's self tao long before the near approach of tbe future , so that we might be enabled to form some judgment as to what I * permitted to us to accomplish , and what is forbidden .
In another letter dated January 29 th , 1846 , al-: hiding to the potato disease , Philippe wrote , ' It is not the first time I have seen , in my long career , that trifling causes have produced g reat events . ' The : reader will connect with this the great event which two years afterwards levelled Philippe ' s throne , and sent him , like Cain , a fugitive from his country . A banquet was forbidden , and—Louis Philippe lost his crown !
Queen Mab. A Philosophical Poem, By Perc...
Queen Mab . A Philosophical Poem , By Percy Bysshe Shelley . London : J . Watson , 3 , Queen ' s " Head Passage , Paternoster Row . To criticise Shelley ' s immortal poem is not our present purpose . Had we sufficient space at command , it wonld be a labour of love to point out the most beautiful portions of this magnificent work , hut we must forego that pleasure , and-be content with selecting here and there an extract for the
gratification of those who have yet before them the rich enjoyment of reading Queen Mab for the first time . Our principal reason for calling attention to this work , is to intimate to the lovers of genuine poetry who may not possess this poem , that the copy publisted by Mr Watson is a neat , cheap , and unmutilated edition , which they would do well to obtain . This edition is enriched with the celebrated' nates , ' and has prefixed a sketch ef the life and writings of the poet .
We do not agree with all the ideas and sentiments expressed in Queen Mab ; Jbat regarding tbe poem as a whole , we have no hesitation in asserting that no
:V-; ¦¦¦ ;-'R--'- ' ' ' - :'¦ ¦ ¦:¦" ¦ !...
: v- ; ¦¦¦ - 'r-- ' - ' - : ' ¦ ¦ ¦ : ¦ " ¦ ! -:- ¦ ¦ - " - -- " r- youth can rue from its perusal without feeling more than ever wedded to virtue , and bound by thit titito Struggle for the happiness of mankind , and the triumph of Truth and Justice . Under our usual head of * ¦ Poetry , ' will be found some extracts from this poem ; we here give the following additional selections : —'
COHHEBCr . Commerce has setthe mark of selfishness , The signet ef its all-enilaving power Upon « shining ore , aud called it gold : B .-fore whose image bow the vulgar great , The vslnly rich , the miserable proid , The mibof peasants , aoblei , priests and kings , And with blind feelings reverence tbe power , That grinds them to the dult of misery ! But in the temple of tbeir hireling hearts ' Gold is a living god , and rules in scoru All earthly things but virtue .
THE BEIUK OS THE vaQIITOCBaCV . All things are sold : tbe very li g ht of heaven Ia 'eaal ; earth ' s inspiring gifts of love , The smallest aud most despicable things That lurk in the abjsses of the deep , All objects of our l < fe , even life itself , And the poor pittance « hich the law allows Ofllberty , the fellowship of man , " Tbosi duties whtcb his heart of human love Should urge him to perform instinctively , ' Are bought ani sold si la a publ ' c mart 0 : undUguiilng selfishness , that sets . Oa each its price , the stamp-mark other reign Evtn love is sold ; the solace of all woe Is turned to deadliest agony , old age Shivers iu selfish beaut )' * loathing arms , And youth ' s corrupted impulses prepare A life of horror from the blighting bane Of commerce !
THE P 03 K 1 > 0 THIIE 0 FHB * S 0 BS . The poor men Whose life is misery , snd fear ; and care—- Whom the morn wakens but tofroitlees toll ; Who ever hears his famitVd offspring scream , Whom tlutr pale mother ' s uncomplaining gase For ever meets , and the proud rich man's eye Flashing command , and the heart-breaking scene Of thousands UM himself;—he little heeds Therhstorio of tjrannv ; hii hate - Is quenchless as his wrongs ; he laughs to acorn The vain aad bitter mockery at words ; Feeling the horror of the tyrant ' s deeds , And unrestr & in'd but by the arm of power That knows , sad dr : ads his enmity . Such is a true picture of tbe present ; but we believe with Shelley
that—• A brighter morn awaits the human day . Port' Hoaty . headei selnshuef * has felt , Its desth . b ' 0 v , aud Is tottering to tbe grate , '
The Tax-Payer's Catechism. By Effiax. Li...
The Tax-Payer ' s Catechism . By Effiax . Liverpool : J . Shepherd , Scotland Boad . London : J . Cleave , Shoe Lane . This catechism . is put in the form of < Dialogues between Mentor and Telemachus on the Causes of Chartism , and why little robberies are punishable by law , and not great ones ; addressed to Special Constables , Elopgable Soldiers , and all who through ignorance give countenance to oppression , ' The exposure of the existing system—political and social—is well performed , in language the raciness of which will be relished by most readers . It is about the best fourpennyworth of Useful Knowled ge' we have seen for many a day . It quite takes the shine out of Lord Brougham ' s Political Philosophy . We feel it a duty to recommend this little book to ' his lordship' and to all his friends ; not forgetting our own .
The People 'S Charter. A Verbatim Report...
The People ' s Charter . A verbatim Report # / a Lecture . By Samuel Kydd . London : E . Dipple , 42 , Holywell Street , Strand . A defence of Chartist principles , a sketch of the history of Chartism , a vindication of the points of the Charter , and sundry comments on thevillanous efforts of the Press to mix up Chartism , Communism , and Republicanism , with tbe view of damaging all three , form the subject-matter of this Lecture . When we say that Mr Kydd reasons well , and often eloquently , we only tell our readers what is well known to most of them . We warmly recommend this pamphlet , and suggest to local councils the propriety—for the sake of the cause—ef pushing its circulation amongst those hostile to > or ignorant of , our principles .
An Appeal To Trades Societies. By Alfred...
An Appeal to Trades Societies . By Alfred A . Walton . London : Watson . This is a well-written appeal in support of the principles set forth in the Plan of Trades Organisation commented on in our editorial columns in last Saturday ' s Star . This tract deserves a large sale , and its circulation amongst the Trades could not fail to be productive of great good .
An Act Of The People's Parliament For Th...
An Act of the People ' s Parliament for the reduction of Her Majesty ' s Civil List , 8 fc , tye . London : Strange , Paternoster Row . A { vast improvement on tbe general run of Acts of Parliament . We hereby authorise this' Bill' to be < laid on the table' of every tax . payer in the United Kingdom .
Publications Received.—A Treatise On Fem...
Publications Received . —A Treatise on Female Complaints . By Mrs Martin . London : 70 , Chandos Street , Charing Cross . The Spy p / 1848 By 'Stickfast . ' Dyson , 121 , Shoreditch . The Illustrated Penny Almanack . Watson .
The Labour Question. 10 Ths Kditoa Of Th...
THE LABOUR QUESTION . 10 THS KDITOa OF THB KORTHBRB BTaB . Sib , —It would have been strange indeed , if the commotions and insurrections of Europe ^ had been lost upon the Malthusian economists of England . These men of cool calculation were , quiet during the turmoil and blood of actual fighting , but as soon as revolt subsided , tbey have branched out with all tbeir powerful and craftily hoarded influences far the spread of their doctrines . Let us understand each other—the political economists ef England are powerful in talent and influence , and judicious in the exercise of the means at their command—they cannot be buried by any fine saying or significant sneer ; no , they must be battled with by an appeal to facts and the use of reason . No swelling aphorism avails much in a state composed of workers and
arithmeticians . A writer in the Westminster Review for October , quotes the following extract from a speech of M . Thiers : — ' We must have a solemn , profound , and frank discussion in the National Assembly , with all the leaders of parties , paying every due respect to men and to opinions , for we must needs know if any one possesses the secret of suppressing at will all the miseries of the people . If any one do possess it he must divulge it ; aud if . nobody possess it , let no one promise it , for to promise in such a case , is to pave the way for the effusion of human blood . ' Then follows a smart criticism on the words' sup . pression at will , ' succeeded by the statement , « That the removable cause of misery then may be stated to be twofold-ignorance and bad habits . '
The meaning of the author is , clear , from the following extracts \ t — ' It is no less true that when man s productive labour has been added to the utmost by knowledge , such is the prolific power that forms part of his organisation , no efforts of industry and economy on his part , can enable him to provide supplies continually increasing , so as to keep pace with the demands of the continual increase , consequent upon an uncontrolled use of those prolific powers . " ' There must be no opening for misconception by parental forethought ; we specially point to a due limitation of the number of births , the neglect of
which can never be effectually compensated | by any amount of industry and economy ; ' and again ( quoted from Mill ) : * One cannot wonder that silence on this great department of human duty should produce unconsciousness of moral obligation , when it produces oblivion of physical acts . That it is possible to delay marriage , and to live in abstinence while people are unmarried , most people are willing to allow ; but when persons are once married , the idea in this country never seems to enter any one ' s mind , that having or not having a family , or the number of which it shall consist , is not at all amenable to their own control . '
The writer mourns over the fact , that Christian ministers have encouraged matrimony , and the consequent increase of children born in wedlockand declares that this doetrine of Malthus and Mill should be taught in every school [ and university , and from tbe cushion of every pulp it in the land . The extracts I have quoted are the gist of the article in question , separated from the web of words and phrases that surround them , which can only serve to blind those readers who cannot comprehend the true meanings of the doctrines inculcated . Before the doctrines can be listened to , I call on their supporters to prove the following propositions : — That the land of England » inadequate to the maintenance of the whole population . I
That increase of population does not tend to an increase of national wealth . That nature , which regulates all other animals in
The Labour Question. 10 Ths Kditoa Of Th...
number , suiting means * to 3 ends , will not , when related tojust laws and wise institutions , regulate the number of men born in a state , to the means of subsistence . It will be an easy task for , me , to . prove that the negatives of these propositions are correct . The land in cultivation in Great Britain is estimated at 33 , 792 , 460 acres ; the whole extent of surface at 51 , 000 . 000 . Of the 17 , 000 , 000 not in cultivation , one half at least may be put under the head of profitable , if cultivated . Mr Porter calculates that , in
the present state of British agriculture , it requires the labour of nineteen families to produce 1 , 160 quarters of all kinds of grain ; that is to say , each family would produce about sixty-one quarters , which would provide for the maintenance of fifteen families . Thus one family of agriculturists would support fifteen families of manufacturers , and the power of steam machinery , as applicable to manufactures in this country has , been computed to be equal to 600 , 000 , 000 men ; one man , by the aid of steam , being able to do the work that it required 250 men to accomplish fifty years ago .
Mr Alison , in his work on Population , says , « There is no instance in the history of the world of a country being peopled to its utmost limits , or of the multiplication of the species being checked b y tbe impossibility of extracting ah increased produce from the soil , ' and that the main point in civilised society is not ; what are the productive powers of nature in the soil , but what are the means that the human race has for getting at these powers , and rendering them available for general happiness . Mr Alison is right against all of you , refined gen ; , tlemen though yon are . The problem to be solved is not , ' Is man ' s labour applied to the earth capable of providing for man's wants . " that point is settledalthough you seem conveniently to forget it . The question is , ' By what means can the wealth already created , and capable of being created , be rendered available for man ' s uses ? ' The question is not to disp lace wealth , but to distribute it . and render it fertile .
Mr MUljiuhiBEtemenis ©{ Political Economy , says , 'If that condition is easy and comfortable ) writing of the people ) , an that is necessary to keep it so , is to make capitaliricrease as fast as population , or , on the other hand , to prevent population from increasing faster than capital . ' That population has a tendency to increase faster than , in most places , capital has actually increased , is proved inconteatibly by the condition of . the people in most parts of the globe . In almost all countries tbe condition of the great body of the people is poor and miserable . This would have been impassible if capital had increased faster then population . In that case wages must have risen , and high wages would have placed the labourers above the miseries' of want .
So far from the increase of capital being under the increase of population , the fact is notorious , that so great is the accumulated capital of this country , that British capitalists have launched - millions of their surplus riches in speculations ot foreign enterprise , to , I believe , an incalculable extent . You may every day hear our city merchants complain that they have no outlet forjtheir capital . Men , too , who have made their fortunes within these past thirty or forty years . Nor , } is it true that the com . forts of the people are to be measured by tbe wealth of the state . . for in no district in England has the increase of wealth been so rapid as in the counties of Yorkshire and Lancashire , and nowhere is misery among the workers more general or more excessive .
A reference to tbe increase of trade since the year 1832 , or an appeal to the returns of the property and income tax of 1815 , as compared with the Incometax of Sir Robert Peel in 1841 , will at once settle tbe question in dispute , and convince the most sceptical that the evil of England , at least , is not the want of property , but the want of the power to possess property on the part of the producers . I , however , the argument of the economists were correct—viz ,, that population increases more rapidly than property—the increase of the powers of production would be as applicable to the end aa a reduction of the numbers of the people . In which case an employment of the people on the now uncultivated lands , and a general increase also of our scientific .
chemical , and mechanical powers , would be the more humane course , and equally as sure as regards results . But what ara the facta of the case V , Our workmen go idle four or six months , out of every twelve ; they are able and willing to work . The economists say they are too numerous for the increase ot property . Find them employment then , and they will find themselves the means of subsistence . On the one side you see idle men—on the other waste lands . Here you have bare backs—there you have unsold shirts . The ruin and misery knows . no limit ; and your fine-drawn abstract theories do not alter tbe realities of the circumstances , so far as . the . interests of the labourer are worthy of attenti ^ f to the extent of either a button or button-hole . ' 0 % but yon repeat—mouths increase , but land does Hot'iscreaie . True enough . Land does not expand in area . ; An acre does not grow into an acre and a half in
measurement . But land expands in the powers of pro * duction , depending upon man ' s knowledge and the application of the same by labour to ensure production—subject , of course , to all natural casualties . You cannot spin a pound of cotton into two pounds of cotton twist—but yen can by labour produce twice the quantity of food , for either man or beast , from an acre of land , highly cultivated , as compared with an acre of land , of similar quality , indiff . rently cultivated . The argument does not rest , as commonly set forth—upon the increase of land—but upon the increase of produce . Mr Mill , and others of the over-population theorists , are thoroughly aware of this important distinction , bat their disciples are in no way scrupulous , and often contrive either to confound the reader by the use of a variety of phrases , or the more bold and easier process of omitting to State the fundamental facts fairly .
I now ask attention to the sentence beginning'Itis no less true that , when man ' s productive labour has been added to the utmost , by knowledge , ' &\ The writer omits to affirm that we have yet arrived at that state . I venture to assert that we never shall , Where is the limit of man ' s knowledge , and who seta limits to his powers ? Every year brings us important discoveries hitherto unknown . The peaceful , but silent students in science , are opening before onr wondering senses , new fields for the exercise of human ingenuity and the development of human action . Man ' s powers are not , and never can be , stereotyped , and bis sources of gratification and wealth are as endless as his thirst for knowledge . The earth lays before him a . waste , but he breathes into its nostrils the breath of life , and it becomes subservient to his will . Fear not that numbers will outran the means of subsistence .
what new teaching , then , is it that we are to have taught in our sahoolf , and from our pulpits ? Is it the doctrine of forethought—such has ever bees enjoined alike in the Mosaic and Christian eras ? I call on the MalthusiaDs ! toformulate their creed ; if it be fit to ba taught and preached , it must be plain , and brought within the reach of the meanest comprehension . We know the ten commandments ; what i * the eleventh—the commandment of Malthus ? It must be addressed to the poor , and read thus : — 'Tuousaalfc hot be married , nor given in marriage , except by order of thy masters , the rich of the land m which thou livest ; thou sh & lt not beget children
except thou canst be euro that the rich require to hire them as labourers ; or thou must administer gases or poisons to thy children , so as to cause instant death , unmindful of the commandment thy God gave unto Moses— 'Thou shalt not kill ;' and unmindful of the injunctions of the Old and New Testaments , to multiply aud replenish the earth . ' Such , sir , seems to me to be the real meaning ef the Manchester and Malthusian philosophers . I hope that if this new commandment be added to the laws of Moses—that the new worship will be taught in high places , and among the mighty of the earth . I am , your obedient servant , Samuel Ktbd .
Coopebativb Laud Ano Buildiko Leaode.—At...
Coopebativb Laud ano Buildiko Leaode . —At a meeting of the Co-operative Lund and Building League held at Whittaker ' s Temperance Hotel , 93 , Great Anooats Street £ Mr W . Kirshaw in the chair . It was unanimously carried : — « That the rules , aa now read , be confirmed ; and that the following persons be authorised to receive names of new members on behalf of this society , viz . —Mr Thomas Whittaker , Temperance Hotel , 93 Great Ancoats Street ; Mr James Leach , 13 , Rochdale Road ; Mr Thomas Roberts , hairdresser , 25 , Mount Street Huime ; Mr w . Willis . printer , Old Church Yard ; Mr Francis Stanley , 6 , Grimes Square , Bradford Street ; Mr W . Kirshaw , 21 , Smith Street ,
Gaythorn ; Mr James Hoyle , Hope Street , next door to the Blue Bell , Salford . ' Some of the above persons willalro be in attendance at the People ' s Tqstitnte every Sunday evening to receive names , and furnish parties with rules and cards . Resolved : — 'That this meeting adjourn to Sunday morning , the 29 ; h instant , at ten 0 clock , when business of importance will be brought b e fore the meeting : parties wishing to join are invited to attend . ' Any district desiring a lecturer , or information respecting the rules or objects " of the above society , for the purpose of fornaxDg a branch , are requested to communicate with Mr Thomas Whitfaker , Temperance Hotel , 93 , Great Ancoats Street , Manchester , to whom all communications must be sent .
Mb Smih O'BniBN . —A memorial , praying that the extreme penalty of the law may not be carried into effect in the case of Mr Smith O'Brien , has this week been forwarded from Leeds . The memorial was signed by about 2 , 500 perrons , the . aignatures including thoss of the Mayor , the Rev . Dr Hook , the Rev . Wm . Sinclair , and most of the olergy of the tewot
To Thb Pe Ople Of England. Letter If. Fe...
TO THB PE OPLE OF ENGLAND . Letter If . FE tLOw-CouNTRVMEN-None can deny that this is an age pregnant with important events - . These times demand the exercise of the most sincere piety , the most profound wisdom , the most fervent patriotism , and the most unflinching integrity . For a generation , men calling themselves states , men , under different names , have ( instead of respecfing the landmarks of the Constitution / and extending its princi ples with tbe increase of our varied interests ) been playing at the political party game called Reform . .
Under the pretence of liberalising our institutions , they have sacrificed the most sacred ri ghts of the poor , and have jeopardised the property of the rich ! -they have drugged the national mind with what they call philosophy , until the laws of God and the injunctions of the Church have lost their influence—till Christianity can no longer be accounted part and parcel of our laws . Hence the insecurity of which all complain . The object of our modern statesmen is not to do
justice by legislating in accordance with God ' s law , and thus secure His blessing on the nation . No ; His will is disregarded—His providence is denied—His worship is contemned . Certain plans , devices , and schemes of man ' s invention are supposed to be so contrived as to ensure prosperity for the favoured class ; ' and , when their bitter fruit is reaped bv the multitude , we are coolly told , 'Universal prosperity will surely be realised by adopting still more of these schemes ! ' ' The way of the wicked is as darkness ; they know not at what they stumble !'
If these blind guides are still to lead our rulers , there can be no hope for England . Under their management , her different' classes ' will be more and more divided—her immense wealth will be dissipated in banishing her indigent , able-bodied sons , in sustaining those who cannot or will not leave her shores , an 4 in defending life and property from the attacks of those , who , under the operation of liberal-reformhiy measures , are severed from the constitutional family , becoming vagrants and thieves , having been taught by false philosophy that their ' interest' is separated from that of all other ' classes !'
Yes , fellow-countrymen , we may strive to find rest and security while we reject the rule of Almighty God ; but He will prove our wisdom to be folly—our strength to be weakness ! We may , in the pride of our hearts , deny His over-ruling providence , and neglect His worship ; but , frith impunity , we cannot thus strive against Him 1 God will surely , if we persist in our wicked course , set put feet in slippery places , and cast us down into destruction ! Great , rich , and wise as we boastingly profess ourselves , it will then be said of
us , ' How are they brought into desolation , as in a moment ! They are utterly consumed with terrors !' These observations result from the consideration of that very remarkable riot to which I referred in my last . A riot in a Christian land —in an episcopal city—caused by poor men claiming their marriage right—guaranteed to them by the command of God , the injunctions of the Church , and the law of the land ! Supported by the voice of the inhabitants , but resisted by the ' rules of the workhouse , ' enforced by the mayor , magistrates , and police of Norwich !
Were I to say what might be both legally and constitutionally said on this subject , perhaps I should be misunderstood , I might , inadvertently , be the cause of further riots . From such disgrace and infamy I would save my country , yet I can exhort no one to submit to such an unnatural , unholy' rule . ' Well might the Lord Bishop of Exeter exclaim ! ( as I heard him ) in the House of Lords , 'My Lords , it ( the new Poor Law ) is a law which the people . cannot obey—it is a law which , being Christians , they dare not obey . '
It is not my duty to settle the question involved in this most disgraceful affair ; but , holding , as I do , that the right ' of the poor is as sacred as that of the rich , that the laws of God and the injunctions of the Church are of more weighty obligation than the' workhouse rules ; ' and believing , as I do , that the' interests of all classes are the same , ' I cannot withhold the expressions of my regret and disgust that , for obeying the voice of God . of nature , and of the Church , nine free-born Englishmen should
be doomed to prison . It is indeed deplorable that , for such cause , an episcopal city should have its peace broken at midnight , that its chief officers should be required to enforce a revolting and inhuman ' workhouse rule , ' and that its police should be employed in capturing those who . must have excited their commendation " and sympathy . Still more it is to be lamented that all this should have happened while Parliament was sitting , and not one word should have been uttered on the
subject in either House . . It is , however , an event which it behoves the clergy and the aristocracy to take note of . Our courts of justice should be required to settle the question now raised , viz—is ¦• workhouse rule' of more effect than God ' s law , the law of nature , and the law of tbe Church ? If it be , why should we any longer mock Almighty God by professing our faith in His word ; or by pretending to establish His worship ? . Englishmen have a right to demand by tvhat statute , or , on what constitutional principle these poor men are first driven from their homes and then from their wives ?
Fellow-couiitrymen , we have been betrayed by those who have professed to reform our institutions , the law of God was their foundation and we were united and prosperous . Philosophy has usurped its place , and we are a divided and distressed people ! . ; We were told that this accursed Act , the new Poor Law , would give security to life and property , that it would increase the wages aud improve the character of the labourers , that it would give contentment to all I Never was there a mote woeful delusion .
By the influence and operation of that enactment , hundreds of thousands of our fellow-countrymen have been slain , the wretchedness of millions has been increased , their loyalty shaken , the different ' classes' are engaged in angry strife , and before the universe we now stand a nation professing to honour God , but in works denying him ! The innate abhorrence of shedding a brother ' s blood , tbe ardent loyalty of Englishmen , have saved this nation from civil war . We cannot , however , avert the judgment of God on a people who persist in mocking Him ! We may pride ourselves in our wealth , but , ' in the fulness of our sufficiency we shall be in straits . ' ' The increase of our houses shall depart , and our goods shall flow away in the day of wrath . '
Philosophy may harden our hearts and blind our eyes , causing us to wrong and oppress . the poor—it cannot instruct us bow to deceive that God at whom it would have us jeer . ' The Lord will enter into judgment- with the ancients of His people and the princes thereof ; for ye have eaten up the vineyard : the spoil of the poor is in your houses . What mean ye to beat my people to pieces , and grind the , faces of the poor ? saith theLord ; God of Hosts . ' Eschew , fellow-countrymen , the nostrums of our would-be philosophers . First , they persuaded us to
bow our knee before the Tiara of Rome ; next , to cast away the poor from the protection of the Constitution , driving them to exist ' on their own resources '—swelling the ranks of vagrancy and crime ( as I shall hereafter show ); then ( as I predieted would be the case ) we were next induced to abandon protection to out land and native industry . Our colonies have in like manner been impoverished —the sacrifice of our shipping is loudly demandedthe downfall of the Church must follow—and already philosophy is casting a jealous eye at royalty , and is bidding our Queen—Prepare !
So must it be , if we cannot stay the march of the arrogant , selfish , but ignorant' pnilosophers . Where is the man of strong intellect , sound heart , and unraistakeable piety , who , ' walking in the light of the Constitution , ' and taking the Bible as his guide , will lead us into the old paths , where we may find rest and prosperity , under the blessing of our God ? I know that the great majority of my fellowcountrymen would follow that man ! Let us pray for his advent ! I remain , Englishmen , yours faithfully , Richard Oastler , Fulham , Middlesex .
London Shipping Regulations.—It Is The M...
London Shipping Regulations . —It is the mten tion of the Corporation of London ts revise and altt-r the whole of the by-laws and regulations which affeot the shipping interest in the Port of London . The great increase oi the number of colliers and steamers frequenting the port has , in a great measure , rendered such revision and alteration necesgjiry , Padpsmbu . —The total number of persons in England and Wales whoi were relieved in the year 1846 , amounted to 1 , 721350 , being in the proportion of 104 for every 1 , 000 in the estimated population ; and exceeding by more than half a million the number relieved in 1839 . 40 .
Wmttuz.
WMttUZ .
Railway Accident.—On Monday We K, S Hort...
Railway Accident . —On Monday we k , s hortly after a train left Newark , tbe engine came iii contact with three horses which had accidently strayed upon the line and killed the whole of them . Stbaliko a Lstieh . —A letter-carrier baa been sentenced to fourteen years' transportation , at Inverness , for having stolen a letter containing £ 23 in bink no ^ s . Thb Exoi'E Laws . —A passenger on tho North British Railway was lately arrested at Berwick and tined for violating the Excise Laws by conveying whiskey acroaH the boroer amongst his luggage . Dewh from a Diseased Potato . —A death has occurred at Worcester from the virus of a diseased potato which got into a wound . Ttie patent exhibited the u » ual symptoms of poisooinp .
Fi / um Imp . bird-Eight hundred ssicks of flour were imported into London from tbeE ^ tlodies last week . Tlionna Moioy , of Thurlea , corn-buyer , was committed to Thurles bridewell for using seditious language to two soldiers . Vbbt Economical —The following in a copy of a sign placed in the shop window of a barber , near to the pBlice-offi'je , Yorkshire street , Rochdale , viz : —Look out ! clean shaved and a cigar , or half an ounce of tobaooo , for twopence . Flax . —Last year the fhx seed occupied 58312 acres , and this year only 42 , 262 acres are gown with flax . Still the fibres this year are much larger and much weightier than those of the previous year , the entire produce of the year is 15 , 888 tots against 17 : 494 tons of last year .
A Cattlk insurance Bubble —The bursting of a oattle insurance bubble has involved tho farmers , especially those of Salisbury , in severe losses , amounting to £ 45 , 000 for which they have been let in by tho projectors of the bubble decamping . Some farmers hold 100 , olhers 70 . shares of £ 20 each . DkOat of Stonb . —We regret to say that the stone work of the French Church , St MartinVle Grand , the New Hal ) , Lincoln ' s Inn , and the New Houses of Parliament , is in a stale of rapid decomposition . What have the architects and builders been about . — Trade Protection Circular , Yankee Wit— ' Is that the tune the old cow died oi V asked an Englishman , nettled at tbe industry with which a Naw-Englander whistled Tankee Doodle . * No , Beef , ' replied J / natnan , « th at ar ' s the tune old Bull died of . '
Laughtbr , —A hearty laueh is occasionally an act of wisdom ; it shakes the cobwebs off a man ' s brains , and the hypocondria from bis ribs , far more effeotually than champaign or blue pills . Making the Stout Short . —A Miss Story was married the other day , in Covington , to Mr Short . - This is a very pleasant way of making a ' story short ' A Greek church is now building in . the city of London , and is rapidly advancing towards completion . The Oldest Lbttbr-pksbs Pbintbb — Died on Thursday week , aged seventy-eight , Mr Thomas Lambert , printer and bookseller , Oolliergate , in this city , the oldest letter-press printer in England . He was a native of Malton — York Herald Daring the massacre of St Bartholomew the Chaplain of Admiral do Coligny sheltered himself in a hay-loft , where he was supported for several days by means of a barn-door fowl , which laid an egg daily near the place of his refuge .
Ooffbe Dbinkbrs . —During the late national festival held at Brussels , 3 , 280 oups of coffee are said to have been served in a single day at one cafe alone , tbe Cafe des Mills Colonnes . A Matrimonial Maxim — A husband should bevery attentive to his wife until the first child is born . After that she can amuse herself at home while he resumes bis jolly habits . Atrocious OuiRAGB . -Jane Chillott , a cripple , residing at Wroughton , is in the habit of allowing the workmen to kindle th eirpipes at her ' fire . A few days ago a fellow named Whole , whom she constantly obliged in this way , finding her alone attempted to out her throat , on which he inflicted two wounds , and then threw her into the fire , where she would have been reasied alive but for the arrival of a neighbour , who rescued the poor creature . Her ungrateful assassin is in custody .
Civilisation , —The New York Globe says : — ' In this country , one man dies worth twenty millions of dollars , and while he has been making it twenty thousand women have perished in infamv , to escape starvation at their needles ; What a preoions state of society this reveals !' A Bankrupt Corporation . —The Corporation of Exeter is in such straitened circumstances that there was much difficulty in getting any one to accept the mayoralty last November . It appears that hia worship is often called on to advance money to pay the police , that their gaoler ' s salary was in arrear .
and that officer had been paying his turnkeys out of his own funds , and that tbe expenses oi witnesses and prosecutors were wofully behind , and that the other day three witnesses from Abingdon came all the way by train for payment , and were turned away without it . Even the prisoners in gaol are in rags , hitched together by string , because there are ' no fnnds ~ to " prdvide clothing . Plain Talk . —In the Jamaica House of Assembly , a motion being made for leave to bring in a bill to prevent frauds by wharfingers , one of the members rose and said— 'Mr Speaker , I second the motion ; the wharfingers are to a man a set of rogues : I was one myself for ten years . ' ¦
An American paper mentions , as an extraordinary increase in the value of land , that in 1811 a farm called Barr ' s Farm , in Cincinnati , was purchased for a sum of 355 § dollars , , and has since been nearly all sold as building land at prices which make the total value to amount to 9 , 304 , 000 dollars . Sam Wellbbisms . — « What ' blessings children are , ' as the clerk said when he got tho fees for christening them . ' I shall prevent the use of ardent spirits , ' as the grocer said when ho watered his spirit cask . ' Time is money , ' as the thief said when he stole tbe pstent lever watch . A Yankee pedlar with his cart overtaking another ! of his clan on the road , was thus addressed , ' . Hallo ,, what do you carry ? ' Drugs and medicine , ' was the 1 reply . ' Good ! ' returned tha other , ' you may go ahead ; I carry grave-stones . '
Plate Glass —The art ot plate glass making was J borrowed from France not more than eighty years I ago , and now the largest and finest plates are produced 1 with greater facility and at a less cost in England than a in any other part of the world . . A curious Cabbaqb . —There ia sow growing in aa garden at Milnthorpe , Westmoreland , a cabbages which its owner denominates the * hen and chickens , ' , ' from the circumstance of its having a cabbage grow-ring from where each leaf joins the stem , and thereto are no fewer than twenty-seven of these cabbagesis on it . Forged Bank Notes —Great caution is neceeearyy in taking £ 10 Bank of England notes , as a number ofof £ 1 notes , having the cypher forged to them , are inn . active circulation . The forgery is so admirably exe-3-outed that its detection is difficult .
A Mas is known bv the Company as Keeps . — At the late Sessions , Sir Robert II . Inglis , Bart . ^ ., M . P ., was granted a ' Music and Dancing Licensese for Exeter Hall ! The next previous license wasat granted to the' Cat and Shoulder of Mutton ; ' amine the next following one to the ' Salmon and Compas-isses I' What shocking company for Sir Harry . ' Scotch Coolness . —The tranquillity and phlegnztr of the Scotch in the most extraordinary circumim stances , ' brings to mind , ' says Colmau , in his' Ranan dom Records , ' ' the incredible tale of the Scotchch man ' s tumble from one of the loftiest houses in thlhi old t ^ wa < if Edinburgh . Ha sliced , eaya tholegendnd
off a roof sixteen stories high ; and when midwava ; in his descent through the air , he arrived at a lodgeigei looking out at a window of the eighth floor , to whorxon ( as he was an acquaintance ) he observed , en passautuit ' Eh , Saundy , man , sio a fa' as I shall hae !' Thb Merrv Church Bells . —Tho chimes newJjwl ] fitted up in the venerable tower of St Mary ' s , Staftaf ford , plays the following tunes : Oa Sunday , j , 1 Paato tune ; Monday , Life let us cherish ; ' Tuesuea day , ' My lodging is on the cold ground ; ' Wedneso . es day , ' There is nae luck about the house ; ' Thursdajdaj 'TheHarmonious Blacksmith ; ' Friday , 'Wewon ^ on ' go home till morning ! ' Saturday , ( being markerke day ) ' Oh dear , what can the matter be ?'
A Negro took bis seat in the French Nationsons Assembly , on Thursday week , as representative ve ( Guadaloupe . Two negroes and two Mulaitoes havhav been elected . The Jbws in Rome . —On the 1 st of this montbntl thedejree for the complete emancipation of the JenJe ? of the Roman Statts came into force . They ay ar thereby declared fit fur the exercise of all civ civ right ? . The year 1848 is an amaz i ng one . Th Th changes of the forms of government are , howevecvei less surprising than the abandonment of tho Ghetthett by the Jews of Rome . Ths American Pbsss . —The editor of tha Vickucki nunc Sentinel a Mississippi newspaper , has bee bee killed in a street fight , and is the third editor of tha ' tha journal who has fallen in a similar manner , witbiitbi tbe lsst six years , in consequence of the virnlesulerj personalities which have appeared in its columns , s .
Grapes . —The produce of grapes is so abundaradan near Paris that tbe peasants fear , to bring any ofimf it ; feriflr quality iuside the walls , lest the fruit shoulhoull not fetoh six centimes the two-pound weight , tht , thi amount of entrance duty to which it is subject , an , am the consequence is , that a regular fair of grapes pes ii established outside the walls of Paris , and is ais an tended by immense numbers of soldiers . A New Gas . —A new description of gas , free fror fron the many disadvantages of the gas in common usq usff has been lately invented . It is called the * hrdrordrtt carbon gas , ' and is generated from water and tar otar 01 ro » in .
What must ihe Profit be ?—The privilege cge « selling newspapers , &•) ., at tbe several stations on thm thi London and North-Western Railway has been let blet b > tender to Messrs Smith and Son , news agents , further thi sum of £ 1 , 500 a-year . The person who has hithertthertt supplied Euston' Station offered the company thiy thi enormous sum of £ 610 for a stand on the statictatioi alone *
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Oct. 28, 1848, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_28101848/page/3/
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