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Northern Star (1837-1852), 28th November 1846, Edition 2 of 3, Page 4

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    • BOOKS PUBLISHING BIB. D. COUSINS, 18 DUKE-STREET, LINCOLN'S-INR-FIELDS, ¦ ' " LONDON.
    • PROGRAMME OF THE PROCEEDINGS TO BE PROPOSED BY THE DIRECTORS AT THE APPROACHING LAND CONFERENCE.
    • THE lNOKTHEBN STAR SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 28, 1816.
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      4 The Northern Star. . November 28, Is^

      4 THE NORTHERN STAR . . November 28 , is ^

      Books Publishing Bib. D. Cousins, 18 Duke-Street, Lincoln's-Inr-Fields, ¦ ' " London.

      BOOKS PUBLISHING BIB . D . COUSINS , 18 DUKE-STREET , LINCOLN'S-INR-FIELDS , ¦ ' " LONDON .

      Ad00409

      lhe Shepherd , by the R * v . J . E . Smith , M A . Vol . 1 . price 5 s . 6 d . Vol . II price 3 s . Vol . III . price Cs . Gd ., clotii boards ; or the three volumes in one , half-bound ia calf and lettered , price 16 s . Refutation of Oweniam , by G , Redford , of Worcester ; with a Reply , by the Rv-v . J . E . Smith , M . A . Is . Uew Christianity ; or the Religion of St . Simon , with a coloured portrait of a St . Simonian Female ; translated bjtheRcv . J . E Smith , M . A . Is . The LUtle Book , addressee ! to the Bishop of Exeter and Robert Owen , by the Rev . J . B . Smith , M . A . 6 d . ; by post Md . Legtnds and Miracles , by the Rev . J . E . Smith , M . A CU'tk hoards , Is . Sd . The Universal Chart , containing the Elements of Univer-

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      IMPORTANT TO PHOTOGRAPHISTS . AN application was made on the ~ 22 i . il £ > ipt . 'aiber , to . the Tiee-Chaucellor of England , bj jfr . Beard ( who , acting tinder a mostestraordiny delu-i j . i . considers himseifithe sole patentee of the Photographic , i . Mja . « h to TestramMR . EGERTON , of 1 , Temple-strut , aad 14 S , riect-street , roin taking Photogiviphic Porti . i . is , which lie does by a process entirely different frou and very scperior to Mr . Beard ' s , and at one-half the cl . ' rgf . His Honour refused the application in toto . Ho license required to practice this process , which is taught by Mr . Egerton in a f * w lessons at a moderate riarge . All the Apparatus , Chemicals , Ac , to he had as usual at his Depot , li Templt-street , WMtefriars ,

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      A GOOD FIT WARRANTED . UBSDELL AND CO ., Tailors , are now maUngnp j complete Suit of Superfine Black , any size , for £ 8 Superfine West of England Black , j £ 310 s . ; and th very best Superfine Saxony , £ 5 , warranted not to spot o change colour . Juvenile Superfine Cloth Suits , 24 s . Liveries equally cheap—atthe Great "Western Emporium , Nos . l and 2 , Oxford-street , London ; the noted house for good black cloths , and patent made trousers . Gentlemen can choose the colour and quality ef cloth from the Lucest stock inLonden . The « rtofcitting taftffat .

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      LITHOGRAPHIC ENGRAVINGS . .... . -OFTHl , ... ^ -.. ¦ .-. -......-.-. DUNCOMBE TESTIMONIAL . MAT still be had at the Office of Messrs . M'Gowan and Co ., 16 , Great Windmill Street , Haymarltet , London ; through any respectable bookseller in town or country ; or at any of the agents of the Northern Star . The engraving is on a large scale , is executed in the most finished style , is finely printed « n tinted paper , and gives a minute description of the Testimonial , and has the Inscription , & c , & e , engraved upon it . PRICE FOURPENCE .

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      TO TAILORS . LONDON ind PARIS FASHIONS FOR AUTUMN AND WINTER , 1846-47 . By READ and Co ., 12 , Hart-ntreet , Bloomsbury square , London ; And G . Berg . r , Holywell-street , Strand ; May be had of all booksellers , wheresoever residing

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      CRIMES AND CONTRADICTIONS OF DANIEL O'CONNELL ESQ ., M . P ., In a series of letters , addressed to the Irish residing in Great Britain , by Patrick O'Higoins , Esq . Printed and published by W . II . Dyott , No . 24 , Nort ' i King-street , corner of Linen Hall-str « et , Dublin . Price one penny each . Also the Rev . John Kenton ' s letters : and Mr . O'Higgins ' s letters to Lord Elliot , Right Rev . Dr . Blake , Most Rev . Dr . JI'Hale , ic , & c , & c .

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      Now ready . Price One Shilling . THK SECOND EDITION » F MY LIFE , OR OUR SOCIAL STATE , Pikt I . a Poem , by ERNES . T JONES , Barrister at Law . Full of wild dreams , strange fancies and graceful images , interspersed with immy bright and beautiful tbouuhts , its cliier defect Is Its brevity . The author ' s inspirations seem to gush fresh and sparkling from Hippo , crene . He will want neither readers nor admirers . —Mom , ¦ ing Post . It contains more pregnant thoughts , more bursts of lyric power , more , in fine , of the truly grand and beautiful , than any poetical work , which has made its appearance for years . We know of few things more dramaticaily intense than the scenes betweer Philipp , Warren and Clare . —New Quarterly Jlevietc . Published by Sir . Newby , 72 , Mo . timer-street , Cavcndihs-square .

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      CHARTIST POEMS , BY ERNEST JONES . Price Tliree Pence . SECOND EDITION , EEVISBD AND COBHECTED . I Toe wish having been expressed in several quarters for the author to publish in a collected form his Poems that have appeared in the Northern Star , he begs to announce that a revised and corrected selection under the above title is now on sale . Agents are requested to send their orders to the author or to Mr . Wheeler , at the office of the N . C . A ., 83 , Dean Street , Soho , London , or to M'Gowan . & Co ., Printers , 1 G , Great Windmill Street , Hay market , London , where copies may be procured .

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      ROYAL MARYLEBONE THEATRE . Licensed by authority of the Lord Chamberlain . Proprietor ... Mr . Lovebidoe , Lessee .., M . r . John Docgl & ss , Theatre , Marylebone ,

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      On the 1 st of January villi be published , ' - ¦ No . 1 , ( price fid . ) of THE LABOURER A Monthly Magazine of Politics , Literature , Poetry , & Ci Edited by Feabqbs O'Connor , Esq ., and Ernest Jones , Esq ,,, ' | ( Barristers-at-Law . ) With contributions by several able coadjutors . " The Labourer" will consist of 48 full pages of matter ; it will be printed in a superior style on fine paper , and brought out , iu all respects , equal to any Magazine of the day . No . 1 , will contain a " Chbistmas Cabol , " in verso , by Mr . Ernest Jones . Further particulars will be given in future adverisements .

      Programme Of The Proceedings To Be Proposed By The Directors At The Approaching Land Conference.

      PROGRAMME OF THE PROCEEDINGS TO BE PROPOSED BY THE DIRECTORS AT THE APPROACHING LAND CONFERENCE .

      1st. To Appoint A Finance Committee To E...

      1 st . To appoint a Finance Committee to examine the accounts of the Treasurer and Deputy Treasurer from the formation of the Company . 2 nd . To consider the propriety af raising funds upon the property of the Company by sale , mortgage , or the establishment of a bank oi deposit . 3 rd . To decide upon the plan of a cottage for the respective classes of occupants . 4 th . To consider the practicability of locating members of the same family upon the same estate , without detriment to those who shall be entitled to ballot at the same time . 5 tb . To decide what expenses shall be paid out of the expense fund .

      Gth . To decide upon the means by which the salaries of officers shall be levied . 7 th . To decide under what circumstances the Directors shall be empowered to erect School-houses . 8 th . To decide upon the mode by which Schoolmasters and schoolmistresses shall be appointed . 9 th . To decide as to how far the Directors shall be empowered to expend monies in the improvement of land from purchase to the location of occupants .

      10 th . To decide whether the Directors shall have the power of increasing tho funds of the Company by the sale of estates . 11 th . To elect Trustees . 12 th . To elect Treasurer . 13 th . To elect Deputy Treasurer . 14 th . To receive the Report of the Finance Committee . 15 th . To elect Auditors . 16 th . To consider the propriety of investing the distiiet officers , with the consent of the Directors , with the power of rejecting Persons of bad character as Members .

      The Lnokthebn Star Saturday, November 28, 1816.

      THE lNOKTHEBN STAR SATURDAY , NOVEMBER 28 , 1816 .

      The Contusion. Ix These Days Of Honourab...

      THE CONTUSION . Ix these days of HONOURABLE SPECULATION , when crowns play at hazard for nations , the mind becomes so expanded by the immensity of the stakes , that we are inclined to look upon our largest domestic ventures as " little goes" —a mere round of " chicken hazard . " One would naturally suppose that the annexation of Texas to the United States , of Cracow to the Austrian crown , and the no distant prospect of the addition of Spain" to the family dower of the Bourbon family , should absorb all

      considerations of railway fluctuations , short time , manufacturing anticipations , and even the price of bread itself . However small in importance as the latter item may appear , we have a misgiving that its consideration will create louder thunder in our domestic arsenal than the distant guns of foreign artillery . In tiatli , we have always looked with great respect upon those opinions that are formed , and actions that s ~ e guided , by self-interest . There is an instinct iu human nature , as well as habits , manners , customs , and propensities , which is implanted in the human mind , and witii whose ascendancy even Socislism itself has not dared to grapple .

      It is true that infant training may lead the growing mind to revolt against acts and institutions tolerated by the unlettered and uninformed . It is true that a new system of education may lead to new habits , manners , customs , and even propensities ; but it is equally true , that no system of training in which the infant or adult mind can be schooled will destroy those natural instincts which are implanted in the mind , and cannot be eradicated by education . We fear , moreover , that not only the natural instinct , but the cherished habits , manners , customs , and

      propensities of those who are destined to be the gunners in the next great domestic struggle , will have a powerful influence upon the settlement of those questions which have yet to be adjusted for the completion and realization of Mr . Cobden ' s notion of Free Trade principles . We allude to those timely and prudent concessions [ made part and parcel of the whole measure by Sir Bobert Peel , but haired by the influence of the capitalist , as well as to the Edinburgh letter of the present Prime Minister , so fnll of promise to those who dreaded damage from the inconsiderate settlement of the question .

      Mr . Cobden has been recently making a Free Trade tour iu the territory of Don Quixote , with a Mr . Salis Schwabe as his Sancho Panza , and so far from the danger of an encounter with windmills , so damaging to the chivalry of bis illustrious master , we learn that many landlords graced his triumph at Seville , while the Commercio of Cadiz designates the attendance of 44 speculators as a GRAND BANQUET to our modern knight . It is not long since

      we reminded the Free Traders that of all classes living , foreign landed proprietors have the greatest interest in a Free Trade in Corn with jithe richest country in the world ; and hence , we were fully prepared for the acceptance of the principle by them . But thereis / t comrogue class of theirs , who , although attempted to be silenced by the pigmy thunder of the Times are , nevertheless , preparing for that confusion for which we are now preparing our readers .

      In England , as long as life can be preserved and taxes paid . thereappearsto hethe most perfect security for property in the midst of the most appalling want an anomaly created by the judicious manner in . which the several classes , through possession , speculation , and patronage , have been heretofore allowed to manage the EQUITABLE DISTRIBUTION of the nation ' s industry . Past history , however , tells us that there is danger to the state when change of laws or other circumstances threaten danger to any one of those orders . Hence , in 1842 , the bankrupt cotton lords would have forced the country to a revolution in defence of their privileges , and in a struggle for increased plunder .

      We helieve that the instinct which prompted those men to the daring outrage , will also influence the landlords of this country when danger threatens their order ; and especially if , upon the next representation of their body after a General Election , they shall find themselves strong enough to enter the field as an aggressive force . Perhaps few have turned their attention to the probable constitution of the next House of Commons ,-a House of Commons destined to be more vigorously assailed from at home and abroad by nations and factions than any House since the days of the revolution .

      When the several classes of society were distractci and torn asunder by their own claas-quarrels and dissensions , the democracy of each kicking against the rule of its little aristocracy , the House of Commons naturally became the representation of this mosaic mind , and by degress the placid contests between Whigs and Tories have been changed into a perfect Babel of class confusion . Thus , seeing

      How, ' Under All Circumstances, The Hous...

      how , under all circumstances , the House is , driyei to a graduated scale of representation , from thi newest passion for change to the highest veneratioi for antiquated institutions , we venture to predici j the practical effect of this change from without upon the deliberations of the" COLLECTIVE WIS , ' , " and with that view we venture upon a sy . nopsisof the next Parliament , by presenting th < reader with what appears to us likely to be the rela tive strength of parties . Pure Whigs and Free Traders ... 260 Pure Protectionists ... ... 280 Peel and the Janissaries ... ... 70 llamilcar , Young Hannibals , and their Tail - 17 Smith O'Brien and the Young Irelanders ... — 9 Duncombe and his party ... " 0 656 Sudbury , disfranchised ... 2 Total :.. 658 Now such . we predict , will be the strength of parties after the next General Election . Peel and the Janissaries constituting the balance of power between Free Traders and Protectionists , aiding Bussell in his further threats upon the landed interest , until the Protectionists , like the Protestants after Emancipation and the Tories after Reform , discover the value of the right honourable Gentleman as an adjuster of their social grievances , —the only man in whom the monied interests can have

      confidence , the only man , in the present state of representation , in whom Ireland appears to have confidence ; and the man who , next to Duncombe , possesses more of the confidence of the English working classes than any other ) indi \ iduf' who could aspire to the rank of parliamentary leader . As a matter of course the old aristocracy will strain every nerve to marshal their forces under Stanley in the Lords , and , mayhap , Gladstone in the Commons , if the pupil can he seduced from his master , hut , come

      what will , Peel must either form an alliance , offensive and defensive , with Russell and the freetraders , or be once more accepted as the unentrammelled chief of the LAND NOODLES . In the former event we should not be astonished to find ltussell accepting Lords Aberdeen , Lincoln , and Dalhousie , Gladstone , and Sidney Herbert , in exchange for Lords Palmerston and Grey , Sir George Grey , Labouchere and Charles Wood ; Peel going to Ireland as Lord Lieutenant , with Lincoln or Gladstone as his Secretary .

      As one of these results must take place , we show the Chartists the advantage , nay , the absolute necessity , of being prepared with a sufficient amount of parliamentary strength to take part in the struggle , and to he prepared for events , and , therefore , once more we call upon them to use their every influence to strengthen the hands of Duncombe inside , and to prepare for the national representation of the unrepresented mind , by enabling * us once more to parade the will of millions through the streets of the

      metropolis , through the smashed doors of the Senate House , and to its very table ; a remonstrance which tyranny for a little longer may resist , but to which in the end authority must bend its proud neck . Prom all we learn we confidently anticipate that our next National Petition will outnumber the former by at least ONE MILLION , and we cannot withhold our thanks and praise from those who are working so energetically in the good cause .

      A Yeomanry For The Nineteenth Century. "...

      A YEOMANRY FOR THE NINETEENTH CENTURY . " In the merry old times of our ancestors , " before Adam Smith and Arthur Young had inoculated the nation with a love of political economy and large farms , the value and importance of attaching a large proportion of the population to the soil by the ties of proprietorship , was pretty generally understood . But increase of wealth unfortunately became confounded , under the new teaching , with increase of well-being . In studying the science of growing rapidly rich , the more important branch of knowledge , that of promoting domestic happiness , and a spirit

      of pecuniary as well as patriotic independence , was forgotten . Small properties were absorbed into large ones , and their former owners degraded from the substantial position of proprietory occupiers into the serfs of wages . The independent weaver or clothier of the old " domestic system , " alternately employed in manufactures and agriculture , was , in the hopeless contest with machinery and steam , driven from his comfortable homestead into the large towns , and transformed into the wage-paid slave of the factory , A social revolution of an important character was effected by the new agencies , both in the town and country population . .

      That the change has added to our productive powers is undoubted . The old Arabian tales , whose marvels fired our imaginations during boyhood , fade into insignificance beside the wonders of the mill , the machine-shop , the laboratory , the railway , and the electric telegraph . We have multiplied material we ? Uh : hut has the morality , the contentment , and the independence of the great bulk of the people kept pace with it ?

      lhe hundreds of pounds now weekly pouring into the exchequer of the Chartist Land Company is the best , because the most practical , answer to the question . Men are heart-weary of the system of splendid slavery under which modern Political Economy and misdirected machinery has placed them . From its feverish excitements , unwholesome excesses , and wide-spread misery , they look fondly backwards to the time when a less rich , but more virtuous

      independent , and happy people , oy honest labour on their own little plot of ground , earned a living , amid purer and better influences than those which now poison the moral atmosphere . Their hearts yearn within them to get back to kind mother Nature again . The manu f acturing and commercial system is discovered to be rotten jand unsubstantial , though brilliant and exciting , and after a brief divorcement from a natural and a healthy system , the people are evidently returning to the point from which they set out r

      BACK TO THB LAND AGAIN . The excellent articles in the Morning Chronicle , in which the reclamation and settling of the waste lands of Ireland by a proprietary peasantry , have been so powerfully and so practically urged , do not stop short with the specific improvement of the pauperised people of the sister country . The facts and reasonings adduced by onr contemporary inevitably lead to wider inferences and a broader field of action . In a recfent article upon this subject , the recommendations of a Commission of Enquiry into the condition of the Irish poor in 1836 , presided

      over by Archbishop whately , are made the basis of some admirable observations . That report recommends an interference withlanded property in Ireland forthe purpose of improvement , quite as large in principle as any that the Northern Star or the Chronicle has suggested . It was proposed that a Board should be appointed , with compulsory powers of drainage and other improvements , upon the principle that they should be made at the expense of the properly improved . The Commission advised , that the pro . posed " Board of Improvement" should be

      authorized from time to time , " to make a survey , valuation and partition , of any waste lands in Ireland , ' though the idea does not seem to have occurred to them of making these lands instrumental to effectng a beneficial change in the present pernicious system of Irish tenancy . But while not going this length , the evidence they adduce as to the great benefit which would arise from the extension of industiy over this hitherto neglected source of employment , affords , indirectly , the strongest encouragement to reclaim these wastes by the labours of those who areto become their proprietors .

      A Yeomanry For The Nineteenth Century. "...

      " Upon thiselands ( Mr . Arthcb YouRO .. objeryed nearly sixty years ago ) jg ' to be practisecT the most profitable husbandry in the King ' s dominions . The Commissioners appointed to inquire into the state ot the bogs of Ireland , in 1809 , reported to the like effect ; and committee after committee of the House of Coaimons have done tbe same thing . " From the report of one of these committees , that of 1830 , th » Commissioners make extracts , of which the follow .

      mgarea part : — " There are three millions of Irish acres of waste land , equal to five millions of English acres , which are considered to be almost all reclaimable it is in evidence that , by an expense of somewhat about £ 7 an acre , land in the county ol Sliuo has been reclaimed , and rendered worth a rent of 30 s . ; or , if preserved in lhe hands of the propriator , that it is made capable of repaying all expenses by three years' produce , leaving all subsequent returns clear again .

      The report last cited contains a passage from which it mig ht almost be inferred , that a glimmering of the desirableness of giving to the occupiers of the soil some greater hold upon it than that of cottiers or conacre-men , had dawned upon a committee of the House of Commons as early as 1830 . " If this work , said the committee , " can be accomplished not only would it afford a transitory but a permanent demand for productive labour , accompanied by a corresponding rise of wages and improvement in the condition of the poor ; opportunities would also bo afforded for the settlement of the

      peasantry , now superabundant in particular districts , on waste ' lands which at present scarcely produce the means of sustenance , or are suited for human habitations . This chance would be alike advantageous to th lands from whence tbe settlers are taken , and to th e on which they may hereafter be fixed , and may facilitate the means of introducing a comfortable yeomanry and an improved agriculture in the more fertile districts . The severe pressure of the system of clearing farms , and ejecting sub-tenants may thus be mitigated , and the generalstate of the peasantry improved . "

      A Yeomanry ! that was the old English appellation for a peasant proprietary , or , at least , for farmers who held their land on fixed conditions , and who could not be dispossessed , ( by custom if not by law , ) as long as these conditions were fulfilled-The yeomanry of England were , however , as a general feature of English life , blotted out of the country at an early period , and an agricultural system , very different and by no means so favourable either to the physical comfort or the independence and dignity of the cultivators of the soil , succeeded it .

      In one corner of England , however , there still exists a yeomanry in the antique sense ; a race of peasant farmers who own the land they till , paying nothing for it , except some customary dues to the lord of the manor . They occupy a considerable portion of Westmoreland and Cumberland , and are known by the local name of Estatesmen or Statesmen . Itwas amongst this class ; not the care-worn , down-trampled agricultural serfs of England , that Wordsworth found the originals of the peasantry delineated in his poems . In his description of the s cenery of the lakes , that poet describes the state of society which existed for centuries in the upper part of the dales as

      ' a perfect republic of shepherds and agriculturists , proprietors , for the most part , of the lands which they occupied and cultivrted . . . . Among whom the plough of each man was confined to the maintenance of , his own family , or to the occasional accommodation of his neighbour . Two or three cows furnished each family with milk and cheese . The chapel was the only edifice that presided over these dwellings , the supreme head of this pure commonw- alth ; the members of which existed in the midst of a powerful empire , like an ideal society , or an organised community , whose constitution had been imposed and regulated by the mountains which protected it . Neither high-born-nobleman , knight , nor esquire was here ; but many of these humble sons of

      the hills had a consciousness that the land which they walked over and tilled had for more than five hundred years been possessed by men of their name and blood , . . . Corn was grown in these vales sufficient upon each estate to furnish bread for each family , no more . The storms and moisture of the climate induced them to sprinkle their upland property with outhouses of native stone , as places of shelter for their sheep , where , in tempestuous weather , food was distributed to them . Every family span from its own flock the wool with which it was clothed ; a weaver was here and there found among them , and the rest of their wants was supplied by the

      produce of the yarn , which they carded and spun in their own houses , and carried to market either under their arms , or more frequently on pack-horses , a small train taking their way weekly down the valley , or over the mountains , to the most commodious town . " " Notwithstanding , " says the Chronicle , "the changes in the economy of modern society , from the progress of commerce and manufactures , the move migratory habits produced by improved modes of communication , and especially the encroachments of

      the great landholders , who have long seized every opportunity which accidentally offered of enlarging their domains by buying up the little estates , a considerable number of these happy and independent peasant-proprietors still exist ; and if an example is wanted of the admirable results of a state of agricultural economy in which the occupation of land and the property of it are vested in the same hands , all that we have seen , heard , or read of ihesc people unites to assure us that the Statesmen of the Cumberland valleys are such an example . "

      Here is testimony from high and unexceptionable sources as to the moral benefits which a return , as far as changed circumstances will permit , to the old system of proprietary occupation would produce . But it is not only in a moral and domestic aspect that the subject recommends itself . The example of France , since the revolution , can be adduced as forming a triumphant refutation of all the economica ' predictions which a dwindling section of English economists once indulged in as to the effects of this territorial division . Time has made sport of the dismal forewarnings which , some twenty years ago , used to be heard from this side of the Channel , respecting the destination of France to become a " pauper warren . " Within that period , says the Chronicle : —

      " France has entered into the most brilliant career of prosperity yet known in her industrial history . Every authentic statistical account of the condition of her industry and of her people has shown , and continues to show , that within that period the state of her rural population , who are fourfifths of the whole , has improved in every pai Licular ; that they are better housed , ' better clothed , better and more abundantly fed ; that their agriculture has improved in quality ; that all the productions of the soil have multiplied beyond precedent ; that the wealth of the country has advanced , ' and advances with increasing rapidity , and the population with increasing slowness . We challenge investigation of these facts , and throw down the gauntlet to all gainsayers . "

      Jersey and Guernsey may also be quoted as examples . The surface of these islands is parcelled out into a great . number of small properties , most of which are cultivated by their owners , and acre for aare they produce more wealth than any other land in the world . Every one who has seen them has spoken in the highest terms of the industry of the people , its bountiful reward , and the garden-like beauty created by their labours . In such countries it is needless to add , pauperism is almost , if not entirely , unknown , " and the squalid destitution , with the consequent vices which emanate from a monopoly of land in the hands of a few , are not to be found .

      In the face of these facts the palpable failure , both in this respect and the results predicted from the extension of Free Trade principles in the commercial syetetn , it is hi gh time the chattering magpies , who have so long dinned the world into empty noise , should be silent . They have had their day and their say . They must now retire and give up the task of advising and governing , to wise , thoughtful , practical men , whose heads are free from crotchets and whose hearts are made of such "

      penetrable stuff" that they will not sacrifice humanity to a theory . The state of Ireland demands our first attention , There , a permanent remedy must be immediately introduced . But we will not stop there . In England the yeomanry system has already been introduced . The foundation has been laid at O'Connonille , and with true hearts and clear heads shall extend from thence ever the country untillit shall be peopled everywhere hy & " bold peasantry" of whom it may , with justice , he proud .

      The yeomanry , of the nineteenth century , will , however , possew many adv antages which their prototypes did not . To the anti que independstnee oi their

      A Yeomanry For The Nineteenth Century. "...

      . class , they .. will beabletoaddthe faculties a . n ^ joyments which modern science has placed at tiT- * command . Rightly directed , these will enable th to produce sufficient for a temperate and he ^ existence by comparatively light , toil and the a ¦ plication of cheap literature , as well as the wh i '" tendencies of the age , will supply the means \ stimulate the taste for mental developement and ercise . In whatever light this subject is viewed , ifwjn i , found synonymous with national well-being * k .

      means of creating greater agricultural wealth , ffi 0 * food for man and beast , it is confessedly supe ' rior * the large farm system . The creation of a W , body of proprietary occupiers , or perpetual least holders , would spread a spii , ' t of independence and . patriotism which can never exist where the gr ^ mass of the people are aliens on their native land . Education , in the best sense , would become universal , because leisure and healthy influences would co-exist , and the ph sical , mental and moral , faculties of man would thus be cultivated and exer !

      cised in harmony . Let us , then , spread the cry everywhere for THE CHARTER AND THE LAND 1

      Poland. The Revolution Of 1830-31. " Oh!...

      POLAND . THE REVOLUTION OF 1830-31 . " Oh ! where ' a the slave so lowly , Condemn . d to chains unholy Who , could he hurst Eta bonds at first , Would pine beneath them slowly 1 " To-morrow , November the 29 th , is the sixteenth anniversary of the commencement of that memorable and glorious , but unfortunate struggle , whereby the Poles vainly essayed to break their chains . That

      failure was caused by no lack of courage and selfsacr ifice on the part of the Polish combatants , as many a gloriously-contested field testified . Grocow ' s bloody field presented on the 5 th of February , ' 31 a sight such as Europe had not seen since Waterloo . Fifty thousand Poles , with one hundred pieces of cannon , triumphantly withstood the onslaught of one hundred and ei ghty-two thousand Russians ( horse and foot ) , supported by three hundred and twelve pieces of cannon . The carnage rivalled , if it did not exceed , that at Waterloo . Ten thousand Poles fell a bleeding sacrifice in the cause of libert y

      and their unhappy country ; hut their fall was fear , fully avenged by the destruction of their enemies ; a whole regiment of Russian " Invincibles" were totally annihilated , and in all thirty thousand Russians were left sleeping in their gore . If Marathon is a " magic word" to conjure up The flying Mede , his shaftlcss , broken bow ; The fiery Greek , his red pursuing spear ; Grocow will not be the less regarded by posterit y as a name re-calling one of the most glorious efforts ever made by a people in defence of liberty , perhaps the more sacred because—at least for a time—made

      m vain-But although " the crasser of the Balkan" had been foiled within si g ht of his prey , vain for Poland was the dear-bought victory of her noble sons . The victories of the warriors were neutralised by the cowardice and blunders , if not absolute treachery , of those who ruled in the Cabinet and the Senate . Alas ! that nations should repose trust in princely and aristocratical waverers . Woe to a people led by " moderate'' men ; so true it is that "those

      who make but half-revolutions only dig graves for themselves . " Had the Polish nation throughout all its ranks been appealed to ; had the masses been summoned to take part in the struggle , accompanied by the assurance that the fruits of independence would include their veritable freedom ; had the war been carried beyond the frontiers of " Russian Poland , " and the entire Polish people been roused to arms against their tyrants , results very different to those we have to mourn over might have been secured . Grocow's fight would not have been in

      . But Polish princes and aristocrats were not the only parties to blame . France , who by her example had done much to excite the revolution , * refused that aid which Poland had a right to expect , not only because France had assumed lhe directorship of European regeneration , but also because Poland ' s sons had poured out their blood like water in the cause of France , and in defence of French interests , We acquit the French people of blame ; we curse not them but their traitor-king , and the gang of villains who , with him , had climbed the heights of power from the barricades of a popular revolution . These hvpocrites , on the one hand promised succour

      to the Poles which they never afforded to them , and on the other hand Louis-Philippe himself assured the Parisian National Guards that the Poles had triumphed , though at that moment the old Janusfaced miscreant well knew that Warsaw had fallen . When the truth could no longer be concealed , when all the world knew that all was lost , then Sebastian ! announced with fiendish coolness that " order reigned in Warsaw ! " Yes , the " order " of victorious barbarism over fallen freedom—of triumphant butchers over prostrate men , women , and children . The fiends of hell might have pitied the victims of the " order" established by the conquerors of Warsaw .

      But treason to the cause of liberty was not monopolised by French traitors ; there were English traitors also . This country has longbeen vaunted of as the guardian of liberty , the protector of nations * " To aid the threatened rights of man and break oppression's chain , " we have been assured by national glorifiers has been and is the mission of England ; but behold how different are the facts . When the first partition of Poland took place , England passively looked on and permitted the spoliation without one word of remonstrance . When the subsequent partition of f ? 93 took place , the

      English government was in sworn alliance with the three royal brigands of Russia , Austria , and Prussia leagued against France . While pretending a holy horror at the " crimes" of the Frenchrevolutionists , and making these the pretext for committing this country to a bloody and ruinously expensive war , the English government was associated with loyal ruffians , who dealt wholesale in robberry and murder . More than this ; in 1794 , the English government gave to Frederick , King of Prussia , the sum of

      £ 2 , 200 , 000 as a bribe to assist the English in opposing the victorious French in the Netherlands . The villain took the money , but instead of marching to the aid of the English , he marched off to join the Russians to help them to check the conquering inarch of Kosciusco . With English money , the Prussian robber aided his Russian confedeiate ( for but for that money he could not have moved his troops to the scene of action ) in crushing Kosciusco , and thus both were enabled , in company with the Austrian despot , to effect the third partition of Poland . *

      We pass by for the present , the share England had in that fourth partition , known by the name of the treaty of Vienna , that will form the subject of after comment ; we come to the Revolution of 1830 . That event saw the Whigs in power— the liberal Whigs—the friends and patrons of French , Belgian Spanish , and Portuguese liberalism . These exciters of revolutions for their own profit , these puttersdowni and setters-up of Peninsular monarchies ) these roarers for ' civil and religious liberty all over the world , " these WHIGS ( that name includes all that is base and infamous ) coldly repelled the national voice , which demanded interference in behalf of the Poles .

      But not only did they refus # assistance to * h « Poles , they rivalled the infamous government of 17 ° 4 » by giving direct aid to the Russian autocrat—aid of the most efficient character—monetary aid . Let our

      * Sea " Hampden'a Aristocracy Of England...

      * Sea " Hampden ' a Aristocracy of England . "

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Nov. 28, 1846, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_28111846/page/4/