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.. .» ' . THE WnwrHBRW STAR. NovemberiS ...
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CraBed' f&otoements
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THE TURN-OUT AT KEIGHLEY. The present st...
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THE SHORT TIME QUESTION. RENEWED AGITATI...
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w MEETING AT DEWSBURY. On Friday a publi...
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~~^s^— ^ MEETING AT WAKEFIELD. On Monday...
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Loss op Life on the Riveb.—On Tuesday, a...
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Bankrupts
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[.From tie Gazette of Tuesday, A' pwh6(!...
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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.. .» ' . The Wnwrhbrw Star. Novemberis ...
.. . » ' . THE WnwrHBRW STAR . NovemberiS ^ W ^
Crabed' F&Otoements
CraBed' f & otoements
The Turn-Out At Keighley. The Present St...
THE TURN-OUT AT KEIGHLEY . The present state and prospects of the woolcombers may be ascertained from the following placard , which ias been extensively posted throughout the town : —
TO THB INHABITANTS OF EEICHLET AXD THE PUBLIC SXBEXAUT . Gentlemen , —On account of the desire expressed By certain respectable individuals , that the woolcombers should , if possible , take some steps in order 10 bring the present struggle to an amicable conclusion ; and a certain respectable manufacturer having desired the same , we , the woolcomber * ol Keighley , being equally desirous with onr employers and the public generally that tbe struggle should terminate , have this day submitted for their consideration the following propositions : — First—That we earnestly request tbemannfacturers to give the advance asked for thirteen years ago , hoping that they will agree to the same . Secondly—That if ihey are not at liberty to agree to the above , we request them to give the advance as long as Mr . Ciapham , and other gentlemen in the town , have riven it . And ,
Thirdly That if this should not meet their approbation , we rt-quest them to give it till the 1 st of January , 1 S 47 , and if the trtde revive , to continue it , but if not , to be at liberty to reduce it again . The reply to these propositions is , that they cannot accede to aoy of them ; all that they offer is for us to go to work at the old rate of wages , and this we do not feel at liberty to submit to . Previous to the time we came out we were suffering severely on account of the extremely low wages that we were receiving , we have suffered still more in endeavouring to improve our condition , and we cannot for one moment imagine that we are iu just bound to compromise the point any further than what we have done ; we have bended considerably in order to settle the thing peaceably , and jet there is no bending whatever on the other side ; they say that the trade will not afford it , but whether it will afford it bow or not , one thing is certain , it would have afforded it at
the time we requested it , and is it not reasonable that after wehave sacrificed so much , they should sacrifice a little ? When the trade has been prosperous , we have not been able to live and pay our debt-, whilst they have amassed large fortunes ; and surel y now that we have . straggled so long to better our condition , common justice requires that they should do something for us ; this , it appears , however , they will not do ; and we , therefore , call upon you , fellow-townsmen and the public generally , to assist ns with all your power , till He are able to accomplish the point ; hitherto you have done nobly , you liave manifested your sympathy by your liberality , and your generosity is proclaimed through the length and breadth of the land ; we entreat you relax not your exertions—do not stay your hand ; still , as you have been -wont to do , use your utmost efforts on our account . Reason , humanity , religion , demand it , and we have the greatest confidence in your proving yourselves our friends to the last .
Yours , & C-, The Committee of the Keighley TVooicombebs . On Thursday a meeting of the mill hands was held in support of the woolcombers . Mr . T . J . Pickles occupied the chair . Mr . J . Brook , a woolcomber said , it was well known that the Corn Law repealers had told the working classes over and over again that if the Cum Laws were once repealed they wonld have plenty of work , good wages , and cheap bread . Last winter the Free trade manufacturers told the operatives that on account of the existence of the Corn Law they were obliged to reduce tbe wages , but that as soon as trade revived , which it would when the Corn Law was repealed , au advance in wages -would be made . The reduction took place in January last . In spring the woolcombers waited on tbe manufacturers for an advance of wages , but were told that they came too soon . To accomodate them the demand was
postponed for five or six weeks , when three of the masters agreed to give an advance . Others said they would give tbe advance when it became general , but all of them had previously determined that it should never become general . Things remained in this state for a fortnight , -when ttriggs , Ciapham , and others , declared that they would also reduce , unless other manufacturers paid the same ? ages . Their wages had been reduced 9 d . a week in winter , on a promise that when tbe Corn Laws were repealed , that 9 d . would not only be restored , but au advance of wages allowed . Tbe woolcombers merely asked to have 9 J . a week ; and what was 9 J . ? Wh y , it was considered so small by every body but the masters , that this was termed " a sheep ' s head strike , " although a good sheep ' s head could not be had for 9 J . ( Cheers and laughter . ) When the masters refused to raise the wages to that point from which they had been reduced last winter , the operatives were compelled t > strike .
Mr . J . B . Ejimett said , it was impossible for eithermen or devils to afford worse examples of tyranny than the great majority of the master manufacturers of Keighley . ( Cheers . ) They wanted to starve the woolcombers by wholesale . ( Hear , hear . ) He had sought employment in gathering the freight brought up on the canal , but his employers , it . fluenced by the manufacturers for whom they carried the goods , were obliged to dismiss him , although they fully approved of bis services . Where was the freedom of labour here ? Wiiile engaged in collecting the freight for the canal , he went to one peisonfor payment of an account , aud was called b y him a rascal and a villan , because he endeavoured to protect himself and other individuals frt » m the tyranny of the manufacturers . That individual turned him off the premises , and threatened to have bim sent to Wakefield if he did not desist from advocating the ri ghts of the working man . He had since been informed that this manufacturer regretted that his dog was not there at the time , that he might worry him ( the speaker ) before he got off the premises . ( Oh , oh . )
Mr . W . Jeoritt said , tlwt the manufacturers had tcld the peratires that low wages was caused by the Corn Laws . When Bright and Cobden were lecturing here , they said that trade would be good by sending go-ids abroad : that the foreign demand would be increased if the Corn Laws were repealed , and that the result would be cheap bread and plecty of wages . It was all gross humbug . ( Cheers . ) The design of the manufacturers were to enrich themselves . They wanted the assistance of the labouring classes to get the Corn Laws removed , aud when their object was accomplished , they showed their gratitude b y turniag them out of employment . What had the operatives to do with foreign trade ! Had any of the men a sufficient supply of shitts ! ( "So , no . *) Had any of the females enough of petticoats ! ( - * Xo , no . ") After a few remarks from the Chairman , the meeting resolved on continuing the strike until the required advance was conceded , end the meeting adjourned .
John Farrar Pickles , secretary of the Woolcomber ' s Cosmittee , begs to acknowled ge the receipt of £ 2 . Is . from William Frankland , of Burnley , for which he returns his sincere thanks . THE 10 ND 0 JJ OPEftATlVB HOUSE PAINTERS ' ASSOCIATION TO THE HOUSE PAINTERS OF
LONDON . Address . In pursuance of an understanding that was come toby the Delegates who met in March last , at the instance oi the society held at the Unicorn , St . James's , the above Association has been founded . Since the meeticg referred to , two public meetings of the members of our profession have been held , at which the necessity oi a Central House , with convenience for large meetings , Library and Offices attached , where business and instruction night be conducted , was strongly enforced ,
The Association has existed since the first of October . Its purpose is to carry the above object into effect ; and as experience accumulates in working the plan , it is almost certain that other , and probably more advantag 2 ons objects will suggest themselves , and , with our improving organisation , be found easy of attainment . - Upwards of a hundred and fifty have already had their mines enrolled , and as tbe Directors intend holding another public meeting , ( as advertised below ) it is advisable ih ^ tall who intend to join should do so previous to that time , in ordw that they may have a voice in sane tioning the laws which will then be submitted , and also that Officers may be appointed , in whom the greatest confidence can be placed .
The number of persons who join , and intend giving t \ eir continued support , will likewise determine what extent of premises tbe Association will require . Members are admitted by the Secretary on any Thursday evening . the subscription is one penny per week—at present no entrance fee is required . After the meeting alluded to other regulations trill be adopted . It is cheering to sec that so many have already joined the Association , and from the spirit that is generally evinced when the subject is spoken of , the Directors fe « t confident that their fellow tradesmen fully appreciate the object-- *> aght to be obtained . An Association commanding such small means may seem incapable of effecting much good , but the union of generous spirits and devoted exertions will effect improvements that cannot be forseen by those phlegmatic mortals who are so accustomed to despair , that they are aliens to hopeful action .
Progress is the watchword of the day—progress in art , in science , and in literature : in fact , society teems with theeffects of the spirit of progression . But unfortunately theworkiugmauisnot proportionally benefitted by it ; be is shouldered back by wealth—he is crushed by combination—he is alone and unprotected—he is single banded , and , therefore , his no means of defence from the aggrandizement of capital . He is uneducated , and therefore is he despised ; be is weak , and capitalists tread him ( it may be unconsciously ) undtr their feet We , the Operative Painters , are not exempt from tha evils incident to the working man's position . We contribute to the necessaries as well as to the luxuries of the rich ; yet we dwell amidst the very reverse of that
comfort which our hands are [ daily engaged in producing . We minister to the health and enjoyment of others , and in so doing are obliged to risk our liies , and sacrifice our own health . We use our strength in expelling that which would otherwise provoke disease , and in the process are ourselves the recipients of disease . In short , it is a well known fact that , through the injurious nature ef our employment , we become prematurely' emaciated . We ^ dlow ou rselves to be overworked in summer , and in winter . we are often altogether unemployed . We are forced , to labour in the scorching heat of summer in an atmosphere that is not unfrequently poisoned with the fumes of lead , and cholic is the consequence ; which is too often followed with the permanent prostration of the system . In the inclement seasons we have to wander
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bout in sear ch ot employment , and at the same time are all but conscious that our search will be fruitless . Day after day—week after week . ii thus hoptlissly spent by many of on ? profess oa ; and if old age she nil have begun to trespass upon their features , the task is more hopeless still : the positive no , is made to greet their application for leave to toil , until heart-sick they give up the sesrjh , and wait until soma one with whom they ars acquainted , can make room for them . Such are some of the evils to which we are subject ; some of them are perhaps inevitable , but others are not so , and all of them may be mitigated if we are henceforth resolved to unite for purposes of education and mutual protection . In this process we shall learn self-respect , and that will cause us to ba re-tpected . Let us then help ourselves , and assistance will come from where we cannot even now expect it .
We have been told thnt there already exist institutioite that comprehend the object our association has in view , and that by confining it to one trade we shall cripple it . This may be a plausible , but it is a groundless objection , for by being enabled to assemble away from public house , and un ' . er advantageous circumstances , where wo can be educated in tho higher branches of our profession , have whenpracticible , Muieums of Art , and discuss questions relating to our position as workmen , or to our social condition , we shall proceed under more favourable auspices than we could possibly do in mixed assemblies .
Besides , may we not rely upon the friendly feelings that the pursuits of our profession generate ? How many pleasant associations are suggestad in the phrase , that ' we have laboured together . " Many of us have lived in each other ' s society for months , and even for yearsmany happy times can we recall when the same song has enlivened us , the same scenery inspired us , or when mutually intersting experiences have been related , and thus drawn forth the treasures of memory— those lasting records of the picturesque and romantic , the witty and the humourous .
The Directors , therefore , earnestly entreat all you who wish for improvement in mind , profession , or in your social condition , to think seriously upon the sentiments contained in this address ; and if you approve of them , we invite your co-operatian—we hold out tha most catholic feeling of fellowship—we aim to extend the influence of good feeling . On the force of enlightened public opinion alone do we depend for a redress of our common evils . Our faith is , that the oppressor , in the long run , is injured by bis own wilfulness—that the oppressed has even sometimes the advantage in the amount ef increased sympathy that is shown him .
In concluding this address , the directors wish to impress upon your minds that all reforms to be effective must be wisely conceived and perseveringly adhered to , for this reason , they are generally slow of accomplishment ; be cautious , therefore , not to expect too much : and above all we would have you to recollect that the gap between the beginning and the successful issue of any undertaking is filled by the word , Perseverance . Lend , then , your heads and hearts to tha work—not only join , but fancy that the success of the association depends upon your conduct as individuals , for it is clear that if each man does his duty the general interest will be attended to . The humblest individual should feel that he is a part of the whole , and that , therefore , his conduct will necessarily influence the whole .
FSELIMUiAKY REGULATIONS . That each Member shall contribute not less than One Penny per week . AU persons making application to become Members must produce evidence that they have worked seveu years at the profession of House Painter , Grainer , Paperhaager , er Glazier . Apprentices are admited , hut not allowed to vote or hold oESce . The business of the association is conducted by a Board of Directors , President , Secretary , and Treasurer , whe meet every Thursday evening , at the Parthenium , for the enrolment of Members , & c .
N . B . —A General Meeting of the Subscribers will take place on Thursday evening , the 17 th of December , at the Parthenium Coffee Itootns , 72 , St . Martin's Lane . The cbair is to be taken at eight o ' clock , when a code of laws will be submitted to the members for their adoption . Officers for the ensuing six months will also have to 'be elected . Non-Subscribers are invited to attend , but will not be allowed to vote . Donations of Books , Maps , Prints , Drawings , Busts , etc ., will be gratefully received .
CONDITION OP THE BAKERS . Tbe present system of oppressive labour and slavery ought to be abolished , it is the bane of the masters as well as the men , and places a great majority of them in an unequal state of competition ; the little masters cannot compete with those carrying on an extensive business , on the account of labour alone . There are many who bake from forty to fifty sacks of flour per week ; these employ probably three men , while tbe man who does only half tbe business employs the same number of hands ; thereby he is enabled to drive him from the market , by having double the quantity of labour performed for the same money . Now , was night work to be abolished , or tbe number of hours lessened , these masters wonld be placed on an equal footing ; for the one having double the
quantity of business , would be obliged to emuloy two sets ef men to perform the same as he now requires from one , thereby taking some of the surplus labour from the market , which is at present in a miserable condition , and give employment to hundreds , which are at present nearly starving , willing to work and cannot obtain it . The employer often suffers severe losses through the men ( engaged in night-work ) oversleeping themselves and letting the fire burn out , occasioning waste of fuel and the spoiling of the dough in the oven . This night work is not necessary ir . the country , why then should it be regarded as indispensable in London ? In the country the men can leave work at nearly , and in many instances , at the same time that the London . baker does ; he can have his night of rest and evening of enjoyment , and yet get through the
same quantity of work in considerabl y less time . Then why should such abuses exist when it is unnecessary and prejudicial to both employer and employed t The masters say "It is impossible that we can have our rolls in the shop by eight e ' clock , if night work is abolished . " I have before stated that things are managed differently in the country , and yet they have their rolls by tbe desired time , but not a batch of bread previous , for families seldom require a hot leaf on the breakfast table , rolls being quite sufficient . Now as this impossibility is done at one place , of course it can he done at another , without any difficulty . It is accomplished in this way ; they commence their work about five a . m . ; the first operation is the making of dough . Now if the quantity of rolls required is not large , a portion of tbe sponge is taken out and put aside , about one half for the quantity of dough desired , the other part being added when you first commence to mix the dough , which is made a little lighter
than it would otherwise have been required , on account of the sponge being rather of a softer consistence ; these two are then mixed together , ( that is the dough and reserved sponge ) , wrapped up in a sack or flannels , and laid in a warm place , By the time the process of dough making is finished , this is ready to make into rolls of whatever nature may be required . In other cases , especially where ^ the quantity is large , the dough is made overnight , at the same time the sponge is get , a necessary por . tion of ferment being reserved or set for the purpose ; this is then ready to commence on the first thing in the morning . Thus , if there are three men employed , two of them proceed with the dough , and the other with tbe rolls . As soon as the dough is finished , they also assist with the rolls ; these are all got ready , and often a hall hour or more to spare before the timo they are required . The batch follows in rotation , the oven is properly attended , and the master is enabled to have the management and command of his businass . The first batch can
be in the shop by ten o clock , the oven again ready for bakings by eleven ; a second batch can follow this , and even a third , and whole be done by seven , and the sponge set between eight and ten o ' clock in tbe evening , Now certainly this is a better system of doing business than that practised in London , besides being of advantage to both employer and employed . —G . Bead , Author OfProx tical Bread Baker . [ Even the "improved system" suggested by Mr . Read , appears to us to be a system of miserable slavery ; for what else can labour be called which consumes a man ' s time from live in the morning till 8 or 10 at night ? If we are not misinformed , they
manage these things better in Scotland . In the West of Scotland the hours of the operative labourer are from five in the morning till five in the evening ; and as regards hot bread in the morning , there is no hck of that , hot bamber rolls , and hot bamber scones , may be had by or before eight o ' clock in the morning . Why could not the same system lie established in this country , in London as elsewhere ? The bakers are degraded , self-devoted slaves , if they do not rise against the present atrocious system . —Ed . N . S . ] gsT" Since the above was in type we havereceived the following interesting communication concerning
THE SCOTTISH OPERATIVE BAKERS . TO THE IDITOB OF TBE NORTHEHK STAE . Dear Sir , —1 have just done reading the extract from "the Practical Baker , " by Mr . Reid , and your comment tlierton , and beg to return yotz my most sincere thanks for it , and your manly exposition of the wrongs of the working classes of whatever denomination of labour they belong to . I never wrought iu Loudon , and therefore cannot speak by experience of the horrid systems that the Operative Bakers in London have to endure , hut from what I have heard from those who have worked there , it ie high time the operatives should arouse themselves , and try to ameliorate their own condition , as we liave done in Glasgow , Edinburgh , and many other towns iu Scotland within these last ten or twelve months . Por a very long period the operative bakers have been the most
enslaved , degraded , and ill-paid class of tradesmen . In Edinburgh , Glasgow , and many of the large towns in Scotland , they have had to work 12 , 14 , 1 G , 18 , a n * in some cases to 20 hours per day ; and for a very scanty wage . Now it is happily otherwise . About a twelvemonth ago , aa association was got up for the purpose of petitioning Parliament to regulate their hours of labour , but after they saw the fate of the " Ten Hours Bill , " they abandoned the idea of petitioning , and sent in circulars demanding of their employers to work only twelve hours per day , ( meal hours included , ) and to be paid in' cash for their labour , most of them being boarded in their masters' houses before . The Glasgow bakers were the first to send in their circulars , and the masters-immediately acceded to their just demands ; Edinburgh followed and succeeded , and so on the smaller towns . Now they only work from 5 in the morning to 5 in the evening , aud
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will not work longer except in cases of emergency , and are paid extra for what ov r-work they have done . Iain sorry to say f at in some i la : es they aie not working on tie new system as yet , but it is the man themselves that are to blame , by their apathy and indifference to their i wn interest * , and if they do not take advantage of the movement going on at present , another opportunity may not occur again in a hutry , Nothing but union and firmness of purpose is required amosgst the operatives , and what is to hinder them from gaining an o'ject io desirable as tbe short hour system , compared ' with tha abominable long hour system .
Now I don't see what is to prevent the men of London from following in the wake of their Scottish brethren , people cannot want bread , and what is better , they wont . Now if the operatives of London and elsewhere would unite as one man , and make a . stand for their rights , I am not afraid but they would be successful , and would earnestly urge them on to commence tbe good work , and try and get the night work done away with altogether , —no time like the present . Again thanking you . I remain , dear Sir , Your obliged reader , James Faoxdb .
THE RASCALLY FREE-TRADE MANUFACTURERS OF ARBROATH . The Star being the only organ through which the stifled ! voice of the oppressed working man is heard or finds an advocate , perhaps you would give insertion to a short detail of the manner in which our Free-trade employers in Arbroath propose to treat us . 'their canvas weavers , when we ask to be sharers with them in the benefits of Free Frade . In the course of last summer , when the news arrived of the success of the Premier ' s measure in favour of Free Trade , the joy of the mercantile gentlemen here knew no bounds . At the hotel they dined sumptuously , and drank health and long life to Cobden and the League . Us , poor weavers ,
waited patiently for any crumbs that might fall from our master ' s table . In a few weeks after the town was placarded , announcing a grand procession _ ill honour of the triumph of Free Trade ; the working classes were ordered to meet at a certain place on a certain day . Obedient to their masters , nearly all the workies assembled at the place of rendezvous , and from thence were marched through the town by the superintendent of police . There was a few of the poor weavers who had the audacity to come with fustain jackets on , having no other , they were told by the worthy captain of police to begone , the nasty , dirty lellows . The triumphal procession being over , the working men were ordered to assemble in their respective workshops in the evening , and await ttieir masters' will ; they did so , and were regaled ; wltli a drink of Scotch porter ; nay more , the masters condescended to quaff a mug of porter , toasting the
health of the champions of Free Trade , amid tiie uproarious plaudits of their slaves . We really thought we had reached the promised land , no more poverty , —* ' high wages , cheap bread , " and all the tine things the modern Moses had promised would take place immediately . We never doubted but that the masters when their rejoicing was over , would give us an advance on our wages . There were a few Chartists , who , of course , shook their heads ominously , as if to remind us of the prophetic warnings of the Star . A number of weeks passed over , but there was no word of our wages being advanced , provisions were getting enormously dear , we began to get a little uneasy , a meeting of tho weavers was convened , and it was agreed to solicit an advance of sixpence on the bolt ; this was a moderate demand , about one shilling on our week ' s wages . Deputations Wilted on the masters and solicited the advance , but to our dismay we met with a decided negative .
There are two firms in the town , at whioh a number of their looms were empty , the weavers determined to assist no person that might come in to learn until the masters gave the advance , and declared those two factories in a state of blockade . The masters then turned out a great number of the hands , and went round the town requesting the other employers not to give the men they had discharged any work . We that were in work subscribed a little to support their wives and families , and sent the men elsewhere to look for work ; most of them got work on the railways , much to the discomfiture of our masters , one of them having got pressing orders in hand , and afraid of losing them , called in the men , and gave them the sixpence advance ; of course the
rest had to follow , so far we were successful , not for long however . In the course of the second week of the advance , we observed the masters clubbing together , and holding hole-and-corner meetings . Printed bills were now served on the weavers , announcing their intention to reduce our wages , stating that merely as an act of grace , and in consequence of dearness ot provision , they would only take threepence off the sixpence recently given . That portion of canvas wrought with the fly shuttle was formerly paid three-pence under the handwrought webs , this combination of masters reduced them sixpence under the hand-wrought webs , chiefly
as the instigation of a needy adventurer , who came down from the highlands , with all his wealth in a wallet , but who has become rich by cheating the working man . The weavers convened a meeting , and appointed six of their number to wait on the masters and reason with them on the injustice of their proceedings ; the masters would not hear any reason on the subject , but told them that they had combined , not for the purpose of keeping up the price of cloth , but to keep down to starvation point the weavers wages ; and more , that if the weavers in future dared to ask an advance on their wages , they would turn all their hands out to starve .
This is the treatment we are to get for our share of Free Trade , after all the fine promises they held up to us during the agitation of that measure . We have no funds to meet any emergency , we are not combined , our position is humiliation indeed . We , out ot whose sweat and skill our masters' lordly mansions rise , are denied the commonest necessaries of life . Our families are growing up in ignorance , we live in miserable hovels of garrets , pay exorbitant rents , whilst those cormorants live in palaces and riot in all the luxuries of Dives . Foreign flour coming to our harbours is bought up by wealthy shopocrats , who store it up in ware-rooms , —not a pound of it will they sell until it reaches an
exorbitant price ; thus they create an artificial famine when they please , and we are , with our families , starved to death with cold and hunger . 0 FOR THE LAND AND TIIE CHARTER !! One word to the weavers generally . Part of the blame rests with themselves . Why do they not keep out of the dram shops ? at many as possible join the Land Company and the National Trades Union . There is no class of tradesmen in more need of being united than the weavers , The local newspapers in this cold nothern region will not give insertion to any matter that might be displeasing to our employers . We , therefore turn to our only friend the Northern Star , A Sailcloth Wbaveb .
Arbroath , November 23 , 1846 . NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF UNITED TRADES . Eaglesham . —A meeting of the weavers and spinners was held in the Hall on Monday night , to hear a lecture from the missionary of the association , Mr . Jacobs . The lecturer entered into the evils machinery had entailed on the weavers , and set forth as the only remedy , the purchase of machinery by the trades , which the association would enable them to do ; then the monster would work for the people instead as now , against .
Greenock . —Tuesday—Mr . Jacobs lectured to the Coopers of Greenock , in the Ivy Lane Hall . The lecturer concluded a soul stirring lecture , with an appeal to the meeting , to join and help to make the association the British Lion , and then the Times itself would fear to " Beard him in his den . " A resolution that the Coopers of Greenock do join immediately , was carried unanimously , after which a vote of thanks to the lecturer , and the meeting separated . Wednesday—Mr . Ja cobs lectured to the Boiler Makers in Ivy Lane Hall . After going into the question of grievances , the following resolutions were moved by Mr . Peacock , and carried unanimously : — That we , the United Boilers of Greenock , being deeply impressed with the conviction that isolated Trades Unions
are not in themselves capable of giving that protection to labour which it deserves and requires ; that hitherto all local unions hare failed , with very few exceptions to acquire for themselves any just demand through strikes supported by local means , hereby resolve to do all that lays in our power to urge the necessity of the whole of the Boiler Makers in Scotland joining the Nationol Associa tion . That we . the Greenock body , do join from the first of January , 1847 ,. and request all the lodges to do likewise . Thursday—Mr . Jacobs lectured to the trades of Alexandria Vale of Leven in the Odd Fellows Hall . Tne lecturer set forth injuries inflicted on the trades by the encroachment of the master class and competition of machinery , and reading a text from them , introduced " the Monster Combination" as the only remedy , of which all seemed fully convinced . A resolution approving the association was carried , and the Block Printers expressed their determination to
join . Friday—Mr . Jacobs lectured to the Block Printers of Paisley in the Concert Hall , which was crowded with a very attentive audience , who expressed themselves thoroughly satisfied with the progress of the association , and duly honoured by their title in the Times . Saturday , —Mr . Jacobs addressed the Plumbers of Edinburgh in Cranstones Uall , High Street , who agreed to discuss the subject of joining forthwith .
TO THE FRAMEWORK-KNITTERS OF THE THREE COUNTIES . Friends , —Several persons having applied to us on the question of charges , tickets for work , and cspecially the frauds and abuses in what is technicall y termed the cut up work , desiring us to ascertain whether it would- be possible to bring a bill before the Legislature to amend the present act , and to cripple , as far as practical , the fraudulent or spuriousnianufactures inthiscoun try , we thought it our duty to make the necessary enquiries on these points . The questions havebeen submitted to
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SOme fcW gentlemen , and they ^««^» that somethiny should be done , to wrest the . ?*>! cou « e of spurious manufacture , and 1 the •*»* £ * £ maBd » made on the workmen , whether in fall . w * -or ha , f work , in consequence of whioh , Wo submit the case to thetrade in general , and solicit their opinion . Any communication from trades or individuals on th . question , will be thankfully received , addressed to T . Winters , 78 Bedford-street , Leicester . We are friends , yours , Ac . Thomas Winters , George Buckby , Daniel Lucas , Leicester , Nov . 23 . 1846 . NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF UNITED
TRADES . In consequence of the ferment caused by the attempt of tie carpet weavers of Ki « derml "S J ? obtain a portion of those " higher" ^ ges promised as one of the blessings of Free Trade , and the extraordinary letter of the Rev . John Dovraal ] , J . ™ nf in the Ten Towns Messengers , by this Minister ot Peace and Herald of Glad Tidings , written , as the reverend gentleman has since admitted , on evidence furnished by the employers , against the men on whose behalf he was requested to interpose his merciful aid , the operatives sent a request to the Central Committee of the National Association , ^ send down * a < rpnt . to take such steps as might be d _ eemed
pru-„ dent in the excited state of the town . Mr , Kobson was accordingly despatched , and on Monday , November 23 a great a public meeting ; was held at tho Jjb £ Tavern , the large hall , said to be capable of holding fifteen hundred persons , was crowded to excessf Mr . Ayres , town councillor , was called to JS chair , and complimented the operatives of Kiddermin ster on their forbearance and general good Suet ; he briefly stated the object of the meeting after which Mr . Robson , in his usual eloquent and convincing style , addressed the meeting at considerable length , completely demolishing the web of sophistries woven by the Rev . Mr . Downall ; he said that the rev . gentleman with a committee of operatives have already admitted that he had proceeded on _ a wrong data ; that in "more prosperous times the carpet weavers wages did not average more than twenty shillings weekinstead ef thirty , as he
per , stated in his letter— "that in his statement ot their immoralities and improvidence , he did not mean to inculpate all , —there were many exceptions , many really careful , prudent , self-improving men amongst them , many men of character and intelligence . The reverend gentleman was now ready with Mr . Best ( ex-mayor ) to bear honourable testimony to the peaceable and orderly conduct which characterises the working classes of that town , and to state hi * conviction " that the working men of Kidderminster are an example to every manufacturin g town in the kingdom . " Now , friends , said Mr . Robson , I leave the incumbent of St . George ' s in your hands .. Alter exhorting the men to adhere to each other . and to their association ; to be peaceable and vigilant , assuring them " that the good time was coming , " Mr . Robson resumed his seat amid loud and long continued
applause , . . Several other speakers addressed the meeting , and the following resolutions were adopted by acclamation : — " That in consequence of the general refusal of the master carpet weavers to grant our very moderate request , we hereby resolve to watch vigilantly , and seize the first opportunity of obtaining a just remuneration for our labour . "That we deem an adherence to the rules and principles of the National Association of United Trades , the best and surest means of obtaining a quick redressal of our trade wrongs . " That the best thanks of this meeting are due . and are hereby given , to Mr . W . Robson , for his very able address and untiring exertions on our behalf . " After a vote of thanks to the Chairman , the meeting quietly dissolved .
BRIDGENORTH WEAVERS . On Tuesday , November" 24 , a public meeting of the carpet weavers was held in the Town flail , Bridgenorth , when Mr . Robson very ably and eloquently addressed the meeting . Similar resolutions to those passed at Kidderminster were adopted , and the meeting quietly dispersed . UNITED TRADES FOR THE EMPLOYMENT OF LABOUR . We understand that in consequence of the increase of business at the " Workman's Own Shop , " Drury-lane , and the desire generally expressed , for the establishment of a depot for the sale of goods manufactured by operatives , much more extensive premises are about to be taken , for the purpose .
The Short Time Question. Renewed Agitati...
THE SHORT TIME QUESTION . RENEWED AGITATIoFFOR A DIMINUTION OF THE HOURS OF LABOUR IN FACTORIES .
Bradfobd . —TVe learn by the Wakefield Journal thai a meeting took place in tbe Temperance Hall , Bradford , on Friday evening , the 13 th instant . No report of th * meeting reached us or it would have been inserted in last Saturday ' s Star . Joshua Pollard , Esq . presided over the meeting , and the speakers were the Rev . Dr . Seoresby . the Rev . John Carey , the Rev . John Frost , the Rev . W . Stirling , Mr . Oastler , Mr . A . Smith , Mr . C . Walker , Mr . Ruwson , and several working men . All tbe resolutions were unanimously adopted . This meeting was remark able for the number of clergymen and manufacturer * who co-operated with the factory operatives in the proceedings .
Ma . Castle * at Keiqhlst . —We gave in our last a short account of the meeting at Keighley , we now give the following extracts from Mr . Oastler ' s speech : —May 1 be permitted to ask whether all the able-bodied me ., that I see here are in a condition to go out in the morning and work a good day ' s work , and come home in tin evening with wages sufficient to buy comforts for themselves [ and their families ? ( " We are not . " ) You art not . I recollect being told , when certain measures wer . proposed in thi * toivn , by two of your representatives in Parliament , with whom I held a discussion on those measures , that their passing would bring society into a happy state , I denied it . Here th < m I have a living testimony that what they said was false , and that what 1 said has unhappily proved true . ( Cheers . ) You are noi still able to go out in the morning , and work a g ood
day ' s work , and come home in the evening with plenty ol money in your pockets to buy the necessaries of life without the comforts—are you ! ( Criesof "No , no . " ] I see large mansions in this neighbourhood , and I knew their owners , who now carry coachwhips , when they had cart whips in their hands . ( Hear , hear . ) I know tbe history of all the men that live in those mansions . How is it that they should have thus risen up in the world and that the labourer cannot get any of the fruit of his labour ? I was coming to town to day on the outside oi a coach , and I happened to fall into conversation with the driver . I si . i' 1 , " Are you not in a curious state here in Keighley V " Yes , Sir , we are . " " Which side has the right of it % " I said . " Why , " said he , " Sir , perhaps you are a manufacturer . I had better sny nowt about it . ( Laughter . ) "That is quite enough , " I said " I see
that you are . all slaves . " ( Hear , hear . ) The coachman dare not say what he thought to a stranger in Keighley , lest that stranger might happen to be a slaveowner . ( Cheers . ) " Well , well , " said 1 , " I am not a manufacturer , I will do you no harm . Which side is the right f , ' I think he gave me the wisest answer I ever heard , and I hope that answer will go on the wings of the press to London , " and that Lord John Russell will read that answer of the coach-driver at Keighley . It was this" That trade is worth nowt that won't keep baith oleaster and man , " ( Great cheering . ) 1 heard the whole of the debate on the Corn Laws , night after night , in the Houie of Commons , and I do not hesitate to say , that I did not hear , on either side of the question , so much to the point upon which they Were arguing , as I heard from your own coachman , as I came in here to-night , ( Cheers . )
1 hope Lord George Bcntinck , Lord John Russell , and Sir Robert Peel , the three heads of the three parties , will read what I say , and take occasion , when they are in difficulties on questions of trade , and know not how to extricate themselves , to write a short note to your coachman to give a pithy answer . " That trade is worth nowt that won't . keep both . " ( Cheers . ) [ The speaker was interrupted ' in consequence of some females having fainted from the exhaustion occasioned by the crowded state of the room . ] I wonder any female can stand it , it is so hot . ( Loud cries of " We a « e used to it ") Ah , let that go to her Majesty , and let her know that her liege subjects iu Keighley are used to a more hot and oppressive air than this . ( Hear , hear . ) I will never forget , when I come to Keighley , that it was in this town—and it is upon record in the archives of England—that a poor
little factory child , after having been completely exhausted by her daily labour , was compelled to offer a penny ,, to one of her stronger comrades to take her last hour ' s labour . As she wended her weary way from the mill to her home , she had to rest upon tbe roadside , and had to be lifted and dragged the remainder of the distance by her companions . ( Hear , hear . ) I shall never forget that Sadler afterwards immortalised her in one of his beautiful poems— " The Factory Child ' s Last Days . " Yes , she was put to bed , and her father hung over her all night , being afraid that the factory bell would ring before she awoke to go to her next day ' s work . He watched ever her all night . The little creature spent that night in fits and starts , but the last start—the last death start of that British labourer was when the factory bell was ringing , and she died . ( The recital of this
narrative excited the most intense sensation , and affected to tears most of those present . ) 'Ah , it was iu this town . I do not forget that : When I come to Keighley I feel as if some new strength was given mo to plead this sacred cause , She was not the only victim by some hundreds , but she was the one Parliament was informed of . I think this independent British labourer was a female of seven years of age . She was worked to death to maintain onr institutions , ( Hear , hear . ) Is that protection ? ( No , no . ) Is that freedom ? ( No , no . ) Is that Christianity ! ( No , no ) Is that humanity ! ( No , no . ) Then that system cannot stand . ( Cheers . ) ¦ Mr . Oastler , after some further remarks on the advantages that had already been derived from the Short Time agitation , said he was commissioned by their friend , Mr . John Fieldea , to ask whether it was true that the operatives in the manufacturing districts were satisfied with
The Short Time Question. Renewed Agitati...
an Eleven Hours' Bill ! ( False , false !) He had heard that stated , but that thsre might be no doubt about it , if there were any one present satisfied with an Eleven Hours' Bill , let him say it at once . ( Loud cries of " We will have eight . " ) After some further remarks , Mr . Oastler resumed his seat amid loud cheers .
W Meeting At Dewsbury. On Friday A Publi...
w MEETING AT DEWSBURY . On Friday a public meeting was held In an unemployed mill belonging to the Rev , W . Sharp , for the purpose of considarlng the propriety of petitioning Parlia . ment to reduce tha hours of labour in factories from twelve to ten ; and of adopting such other measures as might be deemed necessary for the promotion of that object . The Rev . Thomas Allb . it , vicar of Dewsbury , was called to the chair . ... . The Chairman said , the first meeting he had ever attended in Dewsbury was one in favour of a Ten Hours ' Bill He was convinced then that they had justice and mercy on their side , and consequently he was never disnosed to desert them on any occasion of this kind . ( Cheers ) Mr . Oastler had been one of their great leadem / andhe ( the Chairman ) was rejoiced to see him once more among them , and hoped victory would crown their efforts . He knew that much might he said in
favour of a Ten Hours' Bill , but his duty as Chairman was rather to hear others than to apeak himself . Ho had never considered the Ten Hours' Bill as a matter oi wages ; he looked on it as a matter of justice and mercy . He did not believe , however , that the Ten Hours' Bill would reduce wages . They mig ht he temporarily affected by it , but in general they were only affected by the supply of labour and the demand for it . When there was a large quantity of work to be done , and only few hands to do it , wages rose . When there was little to be done , and many hands to do it , wages declined . ( Hear , hear , hear . ) The Ten Hours'Bill would have a tendency to decrease tbe quantity of labour in the market , and thus to raise rather than lower wages . ( Hear , hear . ) A great many of the millowners were with them on this question , and the next time the friends of the Bill met , he hoped it would not be to advocate that just measure , but to rejoice that it had passed both Houses of Parliament .
( Cheers . ) Mr . Brooke wasrejoicsd to see Mr . Oastler present , and thought the meeting could not do better than b y giving three cheers for tho " good old king , " ( Great applause . ) He ( Mr . Brooke ) was sure the working men of England had not a warmer friend than Mr . Oastler , who had taken up this subject , and continued to advocate it solely for their benefit . ( Hear , hear , hear . ) The operatives would prefer a Ten Hours' Bill for all , to tiie present arrangement . They were not satisfied with the short hours' system . Many people would not let their children go to the mills , for the small pittance received as wages was spent in finding them clothes and making them cleanly . But a ten hours' system would do away with this . The children would then betaken in at the
age of ten , which was quite early enough , and the day made ten hours instead of twelve . Wages then would be equalised . The ten years old children would get good wages for ten hours , and the other operatives would get the same amount they were now receiving for twelve . He had seen it asserted on good authority , that the mas chinery at present ready for use in England would do as much work as 600 , 000 , 000 hands . If that were so , it wa . impossible that they should ever see a time when there would be ten hours' work for the whole of the operatives in England . ( Hear , bear . ) Those employed in agricultural labour , which was more healthy , never worked more ( ban ten hours' and why should those who laboured in tbe mill and in tbe most unhealthy of atmospheres , be compelled to work longer than out-door labourers ? Mr . Brooke concluded by moving : — " That a reduction of the hours of factory labour is a growing necessity , from the great increase and high perfection , of machinery , tbe use of which is to lessen and not to augment human labour . "
The Rev . W . Kino seconded the motion , and it passed nem . dis , "Dr . Hemmimowat moved the second resolution , which was seconded by Mr . H . Cullingworth . Mr . Oastlek then came forward and was loudly cheered on his appearance in front of the platform . After some preliminary remarks , Mr . Oastler said that the only check that could be given to home and foreign competition was to regulate the lupply to the demand , and thereby place our manufacturing interests on such a footing , that each operative in his sphere might be working fer some other operative in some other sphere , and that those two operating might be mutually contributing to each other ' s wants . ( " Very good . " ) I am glad to hear a working man tay that that is good , for that is the only foundation on which the home and foreign trade can be built .
( Hear , hear , hear . ) It is the only foundation which will enable the operative in any branch to receive a just remuneration for his labour . For of what avail is it to your trade if you , the manufacturers of Dewsbury , can only make blankets for the people in London , Paris , or the West Indies—you want to make blankets for yourselves . ( Cheers . ) Have you got as many blankets as you want at home ? ( "No , no . ") The reason is , because there has not been a proper regulation in the exchange of the different products of industry in this country , and it is absolutely impossible that a profitable exchange can exist , unless you have a regulation ; and the first step towards the regulation of domestic industry is to reduce the time of labour of those persons who are already working longer than nature can sustain , ( Hear , hear . ) There will be a good deal to do afterwards ; but that is the first
step you can take ; and if you do not take that step , you must be content to make blankets for other people , and go to bed without them yourselves . I shall read to you whatMr . Halliley toldmelS yearsago , relative tohomecon sumption , and which , that I might make no mistake , I read to him previous to its publication ; but he did how allow me to give bis name . He said , 'be happened to be in London ; an acquaintance of his said , " Mr . , you understand the quality of woollen goods , andcan spare £ 5 , 000 out of your concern . I will put £ 5 , 000 to yours , and I will show you how to make meney wholesale . ' My inf ormant asked his plan : 'You shall go with me into the City to-night , and I will show you bow it is done . ' They went in the dark to oue of those streets running from Cheapside —( in those days the harpy was ashamed of his trade , and the poor fellows having been sought up in the
day time by ' the runners , ' met him in the night by appointment ; now they sin in the face of day , and boast of their prosperity in Parliament)—they entered a warehouse—in a trap there was one head of game secured ; the poor manufacturer opened his bale of goods ; my friend examined them , and declared that they were * cheap' at the invoice' price charged by the manufacturer . The poor fellow was in distress' the bale of goods was worth £ 14 S , and £ 70 must be had next morning , or a prison must hare been his home , The ' wholesale money maker' satisfied himself in thejust charge in the invoice , and of the absolute necessity the poor man was under te receive £ 70 next day . He took his pen , and wrote at the foot of the invoice , * by fifty per cent , discount for cash , £ 7210 a , ' T hen handing the document to the poor manufacturer , he said , ' I don't want tho goods , you
want the money—you can have the amount in the mornitig—I shall give nojmore . ' The result was , the offer of one half the raluo was taken ; and these goods were afterwards sold to tho ' cheap shops , ' and were shown to other manufacturer * , in order to reduce the prices of their goods . My friend said , as he went away , ' Is this the way you would teach me to make money by whole , sale ? I'd rather take a pistol and turn highwayman , his business is honourable and gentlemanly in comparison with such cowardice , meanness , and cold-blooded cheating as I have seen to-night . ' I need not say my informant resisted the luring bait ; The other followed the unholy gain , got rich , and now boasts of the ' prosperity of our manufacturing districts . ^ just because he is enobled to find a man in misery who fell into his' trap , ' and got fleeced by his ' relief ,, and who , by lifting him up to
prosperity , are sinking themselves in despair and poverty . " Ho ( Mr . Oastler ) denied that we ought not to limit our exports to the wants of foreigners , and when he was young that used not to be the case . Instead of the English merchants sending their goods to the foreign nurkets , the foreigners came here , and gave good price . Talk of improving the condition of the working classes ! When he was a young man , he found his father's cropeprs and weavers having their leg of mutton and their loin of veal ; and their Yorkshire pudding , aye , and their currants in their Yorkshire pudding . ( Cheers and u cry of " Tho mncliinery has eat puddings , currants , and all . " ) He wanted to see those days again . But why was it so ? Because they sent the foreigners no more than they wonted , and therefore they paid a fair price for what they
received . It was a truth which no one could gainsay , that we had been going on exporting our goods till we gave the foreigners for the same money three times as much as we formerly gave him . But had the operatives three times as many blankets ? ( "No , wehave none left . " ) Had they three times as much money in their pockets ? ( " No . ") That was a proof that the foreign trade wanted some regulation . And , until wc could establish the foreign trade an a good home trade— . which we never could do until we put we the working classes of England into the receipt of that which was their due—a fair day ' s wages fer a fair day's work—we should never have a foreign trade worth caring for , He had been commissioned by Mr , John Fielden to ask them whether they were for a Ten Hours' Bill or an Eleven Hours' Bill *
( " A Ten Hours' Bill . " ) Might he then tell Mr . Fielden that this ineetiug was unanimous for a Ten Hours' Bill . ( " Yes ! " ) He now spoke calmly and dispassionately on this question , because the atrocities of factory Ubour were now bygone . The little children were not now slain by the millowners as he had known them to be ; the little children nu > re not driven to distraction , so that . ' they hanged themselves , as he had known them to be . ( ' " Oh shame I" ) The little children had no longer their backs torn by the lash of the overlooker , as he had known them to he . ( " Shocking ! " ) The little children were uo longer taken up by the hair of their head , and dashed on the factory floor as he had known them to be . (• ' Scandalous ! Horrid ! " ) The little children were not now taken from the jenny when fast asleep , as he had knorrn them to be , and dipped into a tub of cold water . ( Great sensation . ) The little chiWrcn were not protected by law . ( Cheers . ) But who were to be thanked for that »—who hut such men as Mr . Brooke , Mr . Tweedale , and himself ! Mr . Oastler concluded amid loud cheers , The resolution was then carried unanimously .
Mr . Tweedals moved , " That petitions to bath houses of Parliament founded on the resolutions be prepared and signed , and that tho workers in each factory be recommended to send petitions on their own behalf . " Mr . Woolbr , surgeon , seconded the motion , and it was agreed to .
W Meeting At Dewsbury. On Friday A Publi...
On the motion of Mr , Rpsbwomh , the lecretarv at ?» , Dewsbury Short Time Committee , seconded by Mr Son Aptt of Bradford , a eommittee , was appointed to ca !^ f out the objects of the meeting , and U raise BubscriDUn ? of a halfpenny or a penny per week to meat tbe neceisa ^' expenses which may be incurred , until an efficient T « f Hours Bill receive the sanction of the Legislature Thanks were then voted to the chairman and th usual cheers for Mr . Oastler and others concluded « 7 proceedings . l 06 ;
~~^S^— ^ Meeting At Wakefield. On Monday...
~~^ s ^— ^ MEETING AT WAKEFIELD . On Monday evening a very numerously attends meeting took place in the Court House Wal-pS for the purpose of petitioning Parliament *„ „ S the Ten Hours ' Bill . The cLe Sun L ^** hood are all for the «« Bill , " and'Lreral oTfi ^ nufacturers earnestly desire its enactmon * 'pT Rev . Samuel Sharpe , Vicar of wfiSj was cnlM Men , M . P . ; Mr ! jfij fcSftJS Mr . Sbrlb moved the adoption of the first resoh . tioji ^ which was seconded by Mr . Dawson as foil That a reduction in the hours of factory labour Is a growing necessity , from the great iucreiua andhiKh nL fection of machinery , whose use is to lessen , and not £ augment human labour : —that long hours , thomth It first not felt to be no great a social evil , are now Lni to be very injurious both to the personal and pecunUr , interests of the parties employed . y The resolution was carried unanimousl
y . The second and third resolutions , which wem Similar to the resolutions adopted at previous meet ! ings , were moved and seconded by Mr . Schokfield a manufacturer , the Rev . W . Tait , and Messrs . Wood & nd Astit Mr . Oastisb on rising was received with deafeninr cheers . After some preliminary remarks Mr . Oastler proceeded to deicribc soma of the past horrors of the fao tory system . The children were obtained in the workhousesof the metropolis , of Birmingham , Bristol , Liverpool , and other large towns . The manufacturers having chosen these children according to their strength snd health , a bargain was made between ths workhouse authorities and the factory masters . Great inducements were offered to the poor children to give their consent . They were told , that if they would consent to go to the a ctories , they would soon become fine ladies and fine gentlemen ; that they would go out gathering
daisiesand buttercups ; that they would be engaged in fishing and walking in the pretty fields , and wear Bilk stockings and very elegant dresses . By such induce , mentsit was very natural that tbe poor children should give their consent to go into the manufacturing districts . I have seen many persons who told me how they had been decoyed into the mills of Lancashire and Cheshire . Afterwards persons brought , on speculation , waggon loads and vessel loads of little children to Manchester , where they quietly pat them into a cellar , and there tbe factory master * came with candles to examine these poorlittle children and draft them off to the mills . Mr . Oastler then narrated a case which came recently within his own knowledge . It was that of a female who had beea taken without her mother's knowledge out of a workhouse in London to serve in old Sir Robert Peel's mill . The mother in consequence of theloss of herchild , went mad and died
in a madhouse . In consequence of the expensive postage , and the child having only is . ayear , she only received one letter from her friends in London In answer to one she had forwarded by a Loudon gentleman who was on a visit at Sir R . Peel's , and it was only during last session of Parliamentthatshe was enabled , ( then in London with her has . band , who was a Short Time delegate , to discover her friends . They had all forgotten her , and it was only through the letter she bad received from her father that she could prove her relationship . He ( Mr . Oastler ) hoped she would now come into possession of some property which belonged to ber . It was stipulated in her indentures | that she should receive £ 2 from old Sir Robert P eel at thexpiration of here apprenticeship . She never received that money , and he ( Mr . Oastler ) hoped that when Sir Robert Peel would see
this account in the paper , he would inquire after this woman that he might pay her with interest , . ( Cheers . > In Sir R . Peel ' s mills there was no cruelties practised , but in other mills the cruelties were too ditgutttng to relate * In one mill the deaths were so numerous that the proprietors actually dared not to take all the dead bodies to the churchyard , but interred them in other places , lest the notice of the parishioners should be attracted to tha subject . The floggings , hard working , cruel exactions , indecencies , and immoralities of those mills were recorded in a work written by Robert Blinco , which contained more horrible descriptions of human suffering than ever were
heard of in any region of the world . Fevers broke out in the mills , and the fear of contagion induced the wealthy to get Parliamentto pass an Act regulating the labour of apprentices in mills , Afterwards the Irish labourers began to work in the mills , and ultimately tbe operatives in the manufacturing districts were obliged to let their children go to the mills to make up foi the wages which the improper use of machinery hadstolen from them . Mr . Oastler having observed that Robert Owen of Lanark was the first who suggested tbe adoption of a Ten Hours Bill , proceed to describe his own conversion to the principle o £ that measure , and concluded a most interesting speech amidst loud applause .
On the motion of Mr . T . Hiion , seconded by Mr Mickethwaite , a petition to Parliament , founded on the foregoing resolution , was unanimously adopted . The Rev . Dr . Cabteb was then called to the chair , and the thanks of the meeting having been given to the Vicar for presiding , the proceedings terminated .
Loss Op Life On The Riveb.—On Tuesday, A...
Loss op Life on the Riveb . —On Tuesday , a > youth named Dingle , in the employment of a bookbinder , residing in I ' ercival-street , Clerkenwell , accompanied by two other youths , hired a wherry at liungerford Suspension Bridge , for the purpose of being rowed to Kew on the business of his employer . Thoy had safely proceeded as far as Battersea Bridge , when they ran foul of one of the bridge supporters , and , although much shattered , the boat appeared to have sustained no material injury ; they had not , however , reached Putney before flhe was discovered to be filling and rapidly sinking . A boat was immediately put off from the shore , in answer to their cries for assistance , but before they could be reached , the deceased and his companions were immersed ia the water . By great exertions the two youths and the waterman were recovered , and brought safely to the snore , but every effort to reach deceased proved ineffectual .
Murder and Crim . Co . v . —The trial of M . Jeune , of the Rue Moutmartre , for the murder of M . Jay , took place last . week , before { the Court of Assises . The prisoner , on being brought in , was at first calm and self-possessed , but on seeing his wife , who WIS in a retired part of the court , burst into tears . It appeared from the evidence , that Jeune had for some time suspected Jay of having improper intsntions towards Mme . Joune ; he hesitated , at first , to forbid him his house , on account of the advantage he gained from him as a customer , but ,, at length , provoked by his too flagrant conduct , desired that he would never enter the doors again , and told him that if he did , he would find him , Jeune , armed to receive him . Jay replied that he , too , carried arms . Notwithstanding this , Jeune was soon afterwards informed that Jay came to the house while he was
absent , and he thereupon determined , on August 17 , to pretend to go to Senlis on business , but remained at home conccaled > ith \ pistol . Jay , about eight o ' clock , came , and was heard by Jeune conversing with his wife , who soemed to resist his advances , but was at length induced to go into the bed-room . Upon this Jeune came from his hiding-place , and finding the two parties in an unequivocal position , fired | at Jay . jbut though the powder singed his left eyebrow , he was not wounded , and it was doubtful whethe bullet , if Jcnne put one in the barrel , had not dropped out . Jay turned upon him , and struck him with , a knife , and at the same time kicked him . Upon this Jeune drew his own knife , and stabbed Jay through the heart and lungs , and killed him-The jury pronounced a verdict of not guilty , and the prisoner was thereupon immediately discharged . —Paris paper .
Pe » ky Omnibus Model . —A model ef the Hew emnibua intended to be used by the Economic Conveyance Company in Liverpol has been shown to us { Liverpool Courier ) . The body of the carriage is divided into three compartments , having separate entrances . The centre carriage is lower than the two end ones , and is intended for passengers paying two-pence a mile . The compartments in front and behind are raised somewhat higher , for tho purpose of placing the wheels under the body , so that ladies' dresses might not be soiled by entering or leaving the vehicle . But the most ingenious part of the invention lies in the
wheels . There are eight , four under the front carna e and four under the hinder one ; the whole of winch are connected by bars from the axles , which give a uniform motion to the whole , no wheel being capable of moving without giving a corresponding motion to the other seven . Two horses will generally be used , but when the line of route is hilly , three horses will be attached abreast , as in Paris . Each station in town will be a mile ; and should the passengers wish to ride further , other omnibuses will run in conjunction ; so that the traveller can proceed in another conveyance , either in the same line or at a tangent , as his business requires .
Bankrupts
Bankrupts
[.From Tie Gazette Of Tuesday, A' Pwh6(!...
[ . From tie Gazette of Tuesday , A ' pwh 6 (! V 24 . ) Henry Newton , Northumberland street , Strand , chyinis ' —Francis Clark , George-street , Adelphi , jewel-case maker —Joseph Girss , Colcestcr , draper — Samuel Garrou , Church-street , Hackney , surgeon—David Worthington , West Ham , Essex , general shopkeeper-James Smith , Edmonton , brewer—John Green , Greenwich , lodginghouse-keeper—Joseph Coles , Strand , tobacconist—Henry Flower , North-buildings , Finsbury-circus , publisher—William Clay and James Clav , Halifax , woolen manufacturers-James Mav , Hedruthj Cornwall , " stationer-James Walton , Leeds , tailor—Richard Cripps Lhoyds , Livcrpoo , painter — James Ford , Birmingham , hosier — Joseph Kicholls Edgbastoii , Warwickshire , stouemasoii—Thomas Lewis , Newcastle-upon-Tyne , hosier .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Nov. 28, 1846, page 6, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_28111846/page/6/
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