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FRANCE. The Pbbsb v. the Pbiesis.— The J...
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AND NATIONAL TEADEj JOURNAL.
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VOL: VHI. NO. 385. LONDON, SATURDAY, BAR...
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GREENWICH. A Public Meeting of the membe...
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Duncombe Testimonial !!—Final Appeal of ...
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Comspmtittnm
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TO TUE EDITOR OF THE NORTHERN STAR. Sib,...
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Execution at Rbawto. - On Saturday week ...
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EXECUTION AND CONFESSION; OF TAWEEK ' [b...
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Tower Hamlets.—An aggregate meeting of t...
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The Late Steam-boiler Explosion at Blacr...
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COFFIN'S " GUIDE TO HEALTH."
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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France. The Pbbsb V. The Pbiesis.— The J...
FRANCE . The Pbbsb v . the Pbiesis . — The Journal des Debats contains a pastoral letter of Cardinal de la T \ rar d'Auvergne , Bishop of Arras , in which he pro-Jiibits the reading , or even flie possession , of the Jfonuel de Droit Scderiastigmelihe work in which M . Diipiri defends the liberties of Jie Galilean Church -aoairist the party termed " TJltramontane ) . On the preceding day the latter learned gentleman , at a Sleeting of the Academy of Moral and Political Science took occasion to refer to the dispute between iimself and the clergy , " in which he described with firmness" ( says * h e SiecleJ "the real principles on which the Gafiican doctrines rest , and demonstrated Utah the Concoriai ( of 1801 ) lad given a new sanction to the old maxims of the Church which had at all times been maintained by the French clergy . M . Cousin acquiesced in the statements of M . Dupin , and the entire Academy appeared to approve the sentim ents of both . "
SPAIN . ^ Madbid , Mabch 17 . — . This . day the Chamber of Deputies passed the bill for restoring the unsold chur ^ i property to the clergy , by a majority of 12 C against 16 . The Minister of Justice and the President of the Council repeated , iu the course of the debate , their former declaration , that "the rights of the owners ofnational property if ere guaranteed by the laws ; " that "theyhad consequently no cause for alarm " and that "the restitution of the unsold property was indispensable to carry out the negotiations with the Holy See . " It was reported that the Gorernment had received satisfactory intelligence from Home , and that a nuncio would tie shortly accredited to the Spanish court . The Government despatched , on the 18 th , an extraordinary courier to announce to the . Pontifical Government the adoption of the Devolution Bill by the Chamber of Deputies . It was believed that the Chambers would not again be convoked before the 29 th or 30 th inst . —
GERMANY . The Waxdhuxg Jew . —Fbjwkfobt , Makch 22 . — The Frankfurter Journal of this day contains the following communication from its correspondent at Mulheim , on the Rhine : — " March 18 th . —The whole of this neighbourhood is in a state of excite . ment in consequence of the reported appearance here of the Wanderiag Jew . ' A day or two ago a singularly dressed man , of mysterious manners , arrived here , whom the ignorantclasses—already excited by the religions movement of the day—imagined to be the above traditionary personage . It was discovered , however , at List that he was originally a peasant from this vicinity , who had been to Home and the JJoly Land , and who had entered into an Eastern monastic order , which he was attempting to extend here . He has not met with any success in his new mission . "
MONTE VIDEO AND BEUNOS ATRES . Liverpool , Tuesdat . —Accounts were received yesterday from Buenos Ayrcs to the 16 th January , which is three weeks later than the date of the previous letters . The intelligence is of considerable importance to British commerce , and shows the necessity of rendering the proposed intervention as prompt as possible . The Buenos Ayrean Government has declared a total blockade of the port of Monte Video against the ships of all nations , in the place of the partial blockade which has existed for gome time as relates to vessels earning provisions
and munitions of war . Nothing , therefore , is now left for the English , French , and Brazilian Govern-Bients but to decide whether they will allow the commerce of their respective countries to be altogether shut out from the north bank of the River Plate , or will put an end to this ruinous struggle at once . "What renders this decision the more necessary is , that the Buenos Ayrean Government has issued another decree forbidding all communication with Corrientes , Paraguay , and , in fact , with the whole interior of South America , until what is called " legal order" ( that is the tyranny of Rosas ) is re-established in Corrientes .
UNITED STATES . Tub Axxexatios of Texas Bill passed bt the Sesate . —The packet ship Indianahas arrived , bringing us important intelligence from New York , dated the 1 st inst . __ The joint resolutions annexing Texas to the American Union , as carried in the House of Representatives , have passed the Senate . There arc some important amendments made in the hill , and which the American papers represent as doing away with the decisiveness of the action ; hut this is all * . The effect of the amendments , which , on the embodying of the views of Mr . Benton ' s lull , leave it discretionary with the President to carry out the annexation or not , can be only to stave off the question during a period to be employed in negotiating and arranging details Avith the Texan Government . The
joint resolutions of annexation passed the Senate by a majority of only two , the vote being twenty-seven in favour of annexation , and twenty-five against . The amendment to the bill of immediate and unqualified annexation was afterwards proposed by Mr Walker . It appends to the bill the resolutions of Mr . Benton . This was also carried by a vote of twenty-seven to twenty-five . It is stated that the Mexican Minister at Washington , Almonte , has made all necessary arrangements for his return to Mexico . lie is said to be only waiting for President Tyler to sign the Texan annexation resolutions , and io mak » the usual proclamation , which f-iU soon be &< iue , io desumdhispassports andmakcTus protest , and to retire and break up all official relations vAth tJtr overnment of the United States .
TUB INAUGURATION OF THE NEW PRESIDENT . The ceremony of inauguration is thus described : — " Congress adjourned on Monday morning , at halfpast two o'clock . The heavens then were somewhat overcast , and many were the fervent desires sent upwards for a fine day on which to consummate the action of the people at the polls , by the inauguration of James K . Polk , the People ' s President . At an early hour , Pennsylvania Avenue was thronged with pedestrians , and carriages and vehicles of all sorts . There was a continual stream of life
pouring along the side-walks towards the Capitol , and tor one who wished to go towards the President ' s mansion , at the other extremity of the avenue , there ¦ was no resource left but to take the road , for it were as easy to swim against the current of the mighty , turbid , and swollen waters of the Mississippi , as to stemthe living tide of souls which horc its way to the Capitol . Every age , sex , and condition were represented , but conspicuous above all were to be seen those whose air , dress , and manner , told at once they were from the country—the farmers , the bone and sinew of the country .
About half-past ten a . m . we made our way to Coleman's , where the Presidentwasstaying . Inafew minutes a general clearing out of the ball announced Something about to happen , and on going outside , lo ! there was his Excellency President Tyler , in his carriage . Such pushing , and squeezing , and crowding , the people might never have seen John Tyler before . He got out of his carriage , and went into the hotel to see President Polk . The military then began to arrive in front of the hotel , with drums beating trumpets blowing , colours flying , and bayonets fixed , and taking up their position in front , they formed in line , and awaited the President ' s appearance , his carriage having just drawn up to ike door . The footpath in front of Coleman ' s , and on the opposite
side of the Avenue , was blocked up with human fceiugs ; while every available spot was occupied in the neighbourhood . The boys climbed up into the trees which skirt the side walk , and the ladies ( sweet Creatures occupied the windows . The marshals had great difficulty in keeping clear a sufficient space for the military , iu consequence of the pressure of the crowd , whose democratic feelings would not suffer them to see the necessity of keeping the middle of the road in front of the * hotel quite dear of persons , when they wanted to see the President whom they had helped to elect . Theroofofthe carriage was , however , opened , notwithstanding the rain { which was not very heavy ) , and Mr . Polk ahortlv made his appearance , accompanied by Mr .
Tyler , and both got into the carriage . Some hearty cheers were given onhis appearance . The Chief Marshal and his aids were bedizened with the usual quantity of silks and ribbons in the way of scarfs and rosettes , and for batons of office each was provided with a piece of young hickory about two leet long . The . military were well represented . There were several fine companies , and all in excellent order , and apparently well drffled . Their appearance gave universali satisfaction , and attracted the greatest share of attention next to President Polk . The clergy turned out welL There were about twenty of that profession , and the different denominations were well represented . ^ . The President came nextlookingwell , though thin
, and anxious in appearance , -with President Tyler in the Same carriage . * LEx-Presidents—none . Tyler ' s Cabket—Wickliffe and Wilkins . 1 Supreme Court—none . ; Diplomatic Corps—none . I . Then came the members and ex-members of Congress , of whom there was a goodly number , headed by Shepherd Carey , of Maine , and long John Wentworth , Of Illinois , who stands the head and shoulders taller than his fellow members of the House of Representa tives . Officers of the Army . Navy , Marine Corps , and
f ™ . we did not see at all , except those belonging n £ ^^ military in the procession . v ? ? caDae ^ Empire Club , or rather the banner with the few accompanying members and the band , ** ewd 4 <» or 500 per 5 certamly not more . * To 01 > e who has been accustomed to witness the displays which are made in processions in New York when anything of importance calls for one , this was certaOy small potatoes , and felly exemplifies the superiority of the arrangements , and means , and appliances of the Whiga in matters of this Mnd . What , noffcycr , was belong hi tie appearance of taejproces-
France. The Pbbsb V. The Pbiesis.— The J...
Moa was amply compensated by the masses that accompanied it ; and here was the superiority of the democrats demonstrated . Crowds upon crowds , thousands upon thousands , accompanied the procession , and thronged especially about the part where the ^ President ' s carriage was to be seen ; and every available window on the line of route , the porticoes , balconies , galleries , and foot-paths , were crowded to the utmost extent of their capacity to accommodate . Fair faces and sweet smiles were to be seen at every window , and every gallery or balcony , their owners all seeking to have a view of the new President ; and accompanying the line of the procession , and often inconveniently interfering with it , wasacloud of ( not exactly 'light' horsemen , nor yet heavy dragoons , but ) , :.... ...
the yeomanry , who did such excellentservice by their votes in the late political contest , mounted on their steeds { not exactly fiery or graceful , but certainly steady and useful ) , probably taken from the plough or waggon , to enable their riders to see Colonel Polk , the democratic President . These volunteer guards , for in such a capacity they seemed to act , completely environed the President ' s carriage , and it was with difficulty the marshals could keep them from breaking the line of procession . On the outskirts of the procession , too , were to he found every variety of vehicle , from the pretentious private carriage , to the hack and the country waggon and buggy , with loads of children with bright eyes , rosy , healthy looking cheeks , and laughing lips , enjoying all the fun they
could make , and stretching their precious necks to ttstck a sight of the President , whom their anxious manias and papas were pointing out to them with treat and laudable assiduity . In this order the procession reached the west gates of the Capitol grounds , where the President and those accompanying him left their carriages , and the procession , with the members of Congress and others who were entitled to admission into the Capitol , and proceeded through the grounds to the Capitol ; and on the procession coming in sight of the Capitol grounds , there was a new scene for wonder , for every conceivable foot of space on the elevated terraces of those grounds , where a spectator could have a chance of seeing the procession and the President and suite ,
was crowded to suffocation . It was literally black with the swarms of people—here and there relieved by the bright dress of the democratic lady , who was not afraid of either the falling rain or the thronging crowd , but was determined to sec and be seen . The remainder of tho procession , consisting of the military , the clubs , and the citizens , pursued the route up the Capitol-hill , leading outside the grounds , and having made a detour , entered in at the eastern entrance of the grounds , and marched up in front of the Capitol , and there femed aline ; while the whole space in front of the Capitol was crowded with the vast mixed multitude which had preceded and accompanied the procession , and even the grounds beyond were swarming with the overflowing and redundant population .
At length the two Presidents , actual and elect , entered the Capitol , and took their seats below the Clerk's table , and with their faces towards the audience , and then , after a brief pause , the order of arrangements was read aloud , the parties falling into their places as they were respectively named , and the whole mass left the Senate Chamber and proceeded to the eastern portico . Here a temporary stage had been erected , as at the inauguration of President Harrison , over the great flight of steps ; and , from the front of this , the President elect read to as many of the vast mass which filled the space in front as could hear him , the address .
He read it in a firm tone of voice , with the air of a man profoundly impressed by it himself , and desirous to impress it upon others . The delivery of the inaugural address being concluded , the oath of office was administered to the President by the Chief Justice of the United States , and the new President was saluted by loud cheers from the surrounding multitude . The procession was then again formed , and escorted the President to the Presidential mansion , where , in the course of the afternoon , he received the congratulations of a large number of his fellow oitizens . "
THE MESSAGE . The following are the principal points of the President ' s inaugural address : — Fellow Citizens , —Without solicitation on my part , I have been chosen by tlie free and voluntary suffrages of my countrymen to the most honourable and most responsible office on earth . I am deeply impressed with gratitude for the confidence reposed in me . Honoured with this distinguished consideration at an earlier period of lite than any of my predecessors , I cannot disguise the diffidence wi *'' winch I am about to enter on tiiodisebaree » tzu $ official duties .... The President then invokes the aid of the " Almighty Ruler of the Universe" to direct him in ± he path of duty , and to enable him to fulfil his sacred obligation , to " preserve , protect , and defend" the constitution of the United States .
THE FEOERAL AM ) STATE GOVERNMENTS . To the states respectively , or to the people , have been reserved " the powers not delegated to the United States by the constitution , nor prohibited by it to the states . " Each state is a complete sovereignty within the Sphere Of its reserved powers . The Government of the Union , acting within the sphere of its delegated authority , is also a complete sovereignty . While the general Government should abstain from the exercise of authority not clearly delegated to it , the states should be equally careful that in the maintenance of their rights they do not overstep the limits of powers reserved to them . One of the most distinguished of my predecessors attached deserved importance to " the support of the State Governments inaU their rights , as the most competent administration for our domestic concerns , and the surest bulwark against auti-republican tendencies " and to the " preservation of the general Government in its whole constitutional vigour as the sheet anchor of our peace at home and safety abroad . "
This most admirable and wisest system of well-regulated self-government among men ever devised by human minds has been tested by its successful operation for more than half a century , and , if preserved from the usurpations of die federal Government on the one hand , and the exercise by the states of powers not reserved to them on the other , will , I fervently hope and believe , endure for ages to come , and dispense the blessings of civil and religious liberty to distant generations . To effect objects so dear to every patriot , I shall devote myself with anxious solicitude . ******* One great object of the constitution was to restrain majorities from oppressing minorities , or encroaching upon their just rights . JSfinorities have a right to appeal to the constitution , as a shield against such oppression .
THE VETO . That the blessings of liberty which our constitution secures may be enjoyed alike by minorities and majorities , the Executive has been wisely invested with a qualified veto upon the acts of the Legislature . It is a negative power , and is conservative in its character . It arrests for the time hasty , inconsiderate , or unconstitutional legislation ; invites reconsideration , and transfers questions at issue between the legislative and executive departments to the tribunal of the people . Like all other powers , it is subject to be abused . " When judiciously and properly exercised the constitution itself may he saved from infraction , and the rights of all preserved and protected .
PSOGBESS OF THE C . VIO . V . The inestimable value of our federal union is felt and acknowledged by all . By this system of united and confederated states our people are permitted , collectively and individually , to seek their own happiness in their own way ; and the consequences have been most auspicious . Since the union was formed the number of the states has increased from thirteen to twenty-eight ; two of these have taken their position as members of the confederacy within the last week . Our population has increased from 3 , 000 , 000 to 20 , 000 , 900 . New communities and states are seeking protection under its regis , and multitudes from the old world are flocking to our shores to participate in its blessings ; beneath its benign sway peace and prosperity prevail . Freed from the burthens and miseries of
war , our trade aud intercourse have extended throughout the world . Mind , no longer tasked in devising means to accomplish or resist schemes of ambition , usurpation , or conquest ^ is devoting itself to man ' s true interests , in developing his faculties and powers , and the capacity of nature to minister to his enjoyments . Genius is free to announce its inventions and discoveries ; and the hand is free to accomplish whatever the head conceives , not incompatible with the rights of a fellow-being . All dis tinctions of birth or of rank have been abolished . All citizens , whether native or adopted , are placed upon terms of precise equality . All are entitled to equal rights and equal protection . No union exists between church and state , and perfect freedom of opinion is guaranteed to all sects and creeds .
THE ABOLITIONISTS . It is a s * urce of deep regret that in some sections of our country misguided persons have occasionally indulged in schemes and agitations , whose object is the destruction of domestic institutions existing in other sections—institutions which existed at the adoption of the constitution , and were recognised and protected by it . All must see that if it were possible for them to be successful in attaining their object ^ the dissolution of the Union , and the consequent destruction of our happyform of Government , must speedily follow .
BANKS AND DEBTS . With these views of the nature , character , and onjects of the Government , and the value of the Union , I shall
France. The Pbbsb V. The Pbiesis.— The J...
. ... .. ... steadily oppose the creation of those institutions and systems which , in their nature , tend to pervert it from its legitimate purposes , and make it the instrument of sections , classes , and individuals . "We need no national banks , or other extraneous institutions , planted around tho Government to control or strengthen it in . opposition to the will of its authors . Experience has taugbfriii how unnecessary they are as auxiliaries of the public ^ authorities , how impotent for good , and how powerful for mischief . Ours was intended to be a plain and frugal government , and I shall regard it to be my duty to recommend to Congress , and , as far as the Executive is concerned , to enforce , by all tlie means within my power , the strictest economy iu the expenditure of the public money which may be compatible with the public interests .
A national debt has become almost an institution of European monarchies . It is viewed , in some of them , as an essential prop to existing governments . Melancholy is the condition of that people whose government can be sustained only by a system which periodically transfers large amounts from the labour of the many to the coffers of the few . Such a system is imcompatible with the end for which our repuhlican government was instituted . Under a wise policy , the debts contracted in our revolution , and during the war of 1812 , have been happily extinguished . By a judicious application of the revenues not required for other necessary purposes , it is not doubted that the debt which has grown out of the circumstances of the last few years may be speedily paid oft ' . ( state debts .
~ I congratulate my fellow-citizens on the entire [ restorntion of the credit of the general Government of the Onion and that of many of the states . Happy would it be for indebted states if they were freed from their liabilities , many of which were incautiously contracted . Although the Government of the Union is neither in a legal nor a moral sense bound for the debt of the states , and it would be a violation of our compact of union to assume them , yet we canuot but feel a deep interest in seeing all the
states meet then * public liabilities , and pay off their just debts , at the earliest practicable period . That they will do so as soon as it can be done without imposing too heavy burdens on their citizens , there is no reason to doubt . The sound , moral , and honourable feeling of the people of the indebted states cannot be questioned ; and we are happy to perceive a settled disposition on their part , as their ability returns after a season of unexampled pecuniary embarrassment , to pay off all just demands , and to acquiesce in any reasonable measures to accomplish that object .
REVENUE—THE TARIFF . Upon the tariff question the President repeats his former declarations in favour of a tariff for revenne , with incidental protection to all branches of industry , agricultural , commercial , and manufacturing . He defines and restricts the incidental protection , so that in all eases « t shall fall witliin the revenue principle .
ANNEXATION OP TEXAS . The republic of Texas has made known her desire to come into our union , to form a part of our confederacy , and enjoy with us the blessings of liberty secured aud guaranteed by our constitution . Texas was onee apart of our country , was unwisely ceded away to a foreign power , is now independent , and possesses an undoubted right to dispose of a part or the whole of her territory , and to merge her sovereignty , as a separate and independent state , in ours . I congratulate my country that , by an act of the late Congress of the United States , the assent of this Government has been given to the reunion : and it only remains for the two countries to agree upon the terms to consummate an object so important to both . I regard the question of annexation as belonging exclusively to the United States and Texas . They are independent powers , competent to contract ; aud foreign nations have no right to interfere with them , or to take exceptions to their reunion . Foreign powers do not seem
to appreciate the true character of our Government . Our Union is a confederation of independent states , whose policy is peace with each other and all the world . To enlarge its limits is to extend the dominion of peace over additional territories and increasing millions . The world has nothing to fear from military ambition in our Government . While the chief magistrate and the popular branch of Congress are elected forshort terms by the suffrages of those millions who must , in their own persons , hear all the burdens and miseries of war , our Government cannot be otherwise than pacific . Foreign powers should , therefore , look on the annexation of Texas to the United States , not as the conquest of a nation seeking to extend her dominions by arms and violence , but as the peaceful acquisition of a territory once her own , by adding another member to our confederation , with the consent of that member—thereby diminishing the chances oi war , antt opening to fli »»» uor nun « .-o « -increasing markets for their products .
The President dilates at some length upon the advantages to both parties of the projected union , and pledges himself to consummate the expressed will of the people of the United States , by the " re-annexation of Texas , " at "the earliest practicable period . " He next comes
to—THE OREGON . Xor wiU it become in a less degree my duty to assert and maintain , by all constitutional means , the Aght of tlie United States to that portion of our territory which lies beyond the Rocky Mountains . Our title to the country of the Oregon is " clear and unquestionable ; " and already arc our people preparing to perfect that title by occupying it with their wives and children . But eighty years ago our population was confined on the west by the ridge of . the AUeghanies . 'Within that period—within the lifetime , I might say , of some of my hearers—our people , increasing to many millions , have filled the eastern valley of the Mississippi ; adventurously ascended the Missouri to its head springs , and are already engaged in
establishing the blessings of self-government in valleys , of which the rivers flow to the Pacific . The world beholds the peaceful triumphs of the industry of our emigrants . To us belongs the duty of protecting them adequately , wherever they may be upon our soil . The jurisdiction of our laws , and the benefits of our Repuhlican institutions , should be extended over them in the distant regions which they have selected for their homes . The increasing facilities of intercourse will easily bring the States , of which the formation in that part of our territory cannot be long delayed , within the sphere of our federative Union . In the meantime , every obligation imposed by treaty or conventional stipulations should be sacredly respected .
The President promises tohold his officials to a rigid accountability in the discharge of their duties . He concluded by saying—Although in our country the chief magistrate must , almost of necessity , be chosen by a party , and stand pledged to its principles and measures , yet , iu his official action , be should not be the President of a part only , but of the whole people of the United States . M'liile he executes the laws with an impartial hand , shrinks from no proper responsibility , and faithfully carries out in the Executive department of the Government the principles and policy of those who have chosen him , he should not be unmindful that our fellow-citizens who have differed with him in opinion are entitled to the full and free exercise of their opinions and judgments , aud that the rights of all are entitled to respect and regard .
Confidently relying upon the aid and assistance of the co-ordinate departments of the Government in conducting the public affairs , I enter upon the discharge of the high duties which have been assigned me by the people , again humbly supplicating that Divine Being , who has watched over and protected our beloved country from its infancy to the present hour , to continue His gracious benedictions upon us , that we may continue to be a pros perous and happy people .
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And National Teadej Journal.
AND NATIONAL TEADEj JOURNAL .
Vol: Vhi. No. 385. London, Saturday, Bar...
VOL : VHI . NO . 385 . LONDON , SATURDAY , BARCH 0 , 1845 . rfre J £ ™ f £ ™™ S ^ ' I ' ' ' ¦ - . _¦ ¦ : . ' . ' : ; . " . ' ? _ _ ¦ ¦ - ¦ - ¦ ,. .. ¦• - . .. ;¦ '
Greenwich. A Public Meeting Of The Membe...
GREENWICH . A Public Meeting of the members of this locality took place on Tuesday , March 25 . Mr . Woodward in the chair . The following resolution was agrf / d to - . —Moved by Mr . Morgan and seconded by Mr . Tanner , " That a concert be held at the George and Dragon 'Inn , Blackheath-hill , on Tuesday evening , April 1 st , for the benefit of two Spanish refugees , exiled from their country for their noble endeavours to establish free institutions . " A letter was read from the Chartists of Tohbridge Wells , stating their willingness to aid us in sending a delegate to the forthcoming Convention . It is requested that the secretary of the Crayford locality will correspond with us for the above object . Letters to be addressed to the secretary , Mr . BrewertOD , 15 , Maidenston elull , Blackhcath .
Longton , Staffordshire Potteries . — Glorious Triumph of the Working Classes . —The working men of Longton have gained a glorious victory over faction . A vestry meeting was called on Thursday to elect churchwardens and side men for St . James s church . Mr . Richard Jacques was called to the chair ; after which , a list of six persons , selected by the working men , were proposed , two for churchwar dens and four for side men . The list was triumphant ^ carried . The working men of Longton and surrounding townships are doing their duty , by placing men of their own order in all local offices . At Hanley they have returned their own board of highway surveyors ; at Fenton the same ; and the poll is going on at Langton , which willdlose at seven o ' clock this ( Thursday ) evening . There is every probability [ that the Chartist board will be elected by a triumphant majority ; for at the time we write , three o ' clock , they are upwards of two hundred a head of the factions .
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Duncombe Testimonial !!—Final Appeal Of ...
Duncombe Testimonial !!—Final Appeal of the Central Committee to the People of Great Beiiam and Ireland . —The Central Committee have resolved once more to call the attention of the people of this great nation to the object for which they are constituted ; and in doing so they would advert briefly to the occasion and circumstances which led to their formation ;—In the month of May , 1844 , the Trades of London , and the inhabitants of its vast suburbs , were filled with admiration and delight at the 1 " ^ and noble conduct of Labour ' s champion , T . S . DUNCOMBE , Esq ; ., M . P . The ability displayed by that gentleman in resisting aggressive legislation , and his zealous , untiring advocacy of the rights of Labour , were the common theme of all
classes of . Ketormers—yea , even his political opponents could not help admiring his heroic conduct . Whilst the men of the metropolis were thus gratefully admiring Mr . Buncombe's conduct , and were wondering at their narrow escape from the odious " Masters and Servants' Bill , " it naturally and spontaneously suggested itself , that the working classes and their friends should testify their gratitude by presenting a testimonial to their friend and champion . To raise a fund for this purpose , the Central Committee was called into existence at the period already stated . From that time to the present they have employed every means they could command for the furtherance of their undertaking . They solicited the co-operation of the Trades and working classes , —of the public generally , —by advertising—by holding public
meetings—issuing , . addresses setting forth the claims of Mi > . Buncombe ' 'to popular support : they likewise enlisted the public press in favour of their grateful object ( which services so rendered they beg most gratefully to acknowledge ); but notwithstanding all that has been done , the Testimonial Fund is at the present time very far short of what the Committee had confidently expected it wouldhavc been , from the activity and good feeling which were manifested Avhen they first appealed to the British public for co-operation : but , strange as it appeal's to us , the enthusiasm which prevailed in almost every town and village in the country has died away without the great mass of the people having added a single penny to the Testimonial Fund . It is true that several trades , and sections of trades , as well as a few localitieshave
, contributed liberally ; however the sum total at present is far short of what the Committee reasonably anticipated , for the extraordinary exertions of Mr . Buncombe in defending and promoting the interests and privileges of the people . Having made this statement , and disclosed their position , tho Committee would enumerate what appear to them as some of the causes which have operated against them , and hitherto prevented the successful accomplishment of their object : —1 st . The protracted and expensive struggles , of some trades , and numerous bodies of working-men , in defending themselves against the aggressions and tyranny of Capital , have hitherto prevented such from giving their assistance . The Miners , for instance , have oeen thereby prevented from contributing a single farthing . 2 nd . The
opposition and hostility of prejudiced opponents . 3 rd . The Committee of Gentlemen which was formed , and promised great assistance at the commencement , have failed to render efficient service . The 4 th , and tho last , which the Committee would mention , and perhaps the principal one , has been the diversity of opinion as to what the testimonial ought to be . An estate was proposed ; the idea was adopted unwisely , as experience has taught the Committee : for great numbers have objected to this , and have taken the most effectual mode of determining that it should not be an estate—they have given nothing . Others were of opinion that a penny subscription was ( juito enough . Yes , and so the Committee believe , if the working millions of this populous country had to a man given their pence . Others , again , objected
in toto to the principle of presenting testimonials , alleging that " however much an individual may do , he does nothing more than his duty ; and self-gratulation for having done so , should be his reward . " The moral feelings of such as advance this argument must surely be in a morbid state . Tho Committee hold the sentiment that eveiy labourer is worthy of his hire , irrespective of his condition , and that by the law of equity every man ought to be remunerated for the services he renders , whether he belongs to the highest or lowest class of society : but this is . not the principle of testimonials—what wo apprehend is meant by such a testimonial as we have proposed , is simply to give expression to one of the best feelings of the human heart ; to give substantial proof that tvg appreciate the benefits conferred upon us .
i many , we appeal to the people of these realms , for whose benefit Mr . Duncombe has laboured so much , to testify to the world that they are not so insensible , so destitute of gratitude , as not to appreciate the services of their friend and champion—their faithful Parliamentary Representative . Your gratitude will be estimated by the response you give to our appeal ; by the support you give to the testimonial ; and that you may not for ever cast a stigma on your names , we urge you to rally—to awake from your unmanly apathy , and hasten to subscribe your mitos according to your abilities . Remember that only a penny from each working man in the kingdom would make such a fund as would enable the Committee to present a testimonial as would be alike honourable to him who accepts and those who give . There is yet time to ward off the disgrace—the lasting disgrace and ridicule which must inevitably fall upon you if you allow the
Buncombe Testimonial to be in the end a failure . The Central Committee are desirous that they shall not be to blame ; most gladly would they prolong their efforts for six or eight months longer , but with their present prospect , they have determined , positively to terminate their labours by the 4 th of next June . We have therefore to request all friends holding collecting books , and all Local Committees , to forward the sums they have collected , on or before the 7 th day of May next , to enable the Central . Committee to wind up their accounts by the 4 th of June , after which date they will as early as possible publish their balance sheet . By order , and on behalf of the Central Committee . —JiihlS Gkassbv , Chairman ; James S yhb , Secretary . The Central Committee continue to meet every Wednesday evening , at half-past eight o ' clock Srecisely , in the Parthenium Institute , 72 , St . lartin ' s-lane , for the transaction of business and to receive subscriptions .
Buxcombe Testimonial . — Central Committee , Parthenium Club , 72 , St . Martin ' s-Lane , Wednesday evening , March 25 th . Mr . Grassbyin the chair . —Sums received : —From Butterly Iron Works , 10 s . ; from Sowerby and Loyland , Yorkshire , per Edward Sutclifle , £ 4 . Mr . Hellis , from the Barley Mow Society of Carpenters , attended and handed in £ 7 10 s ., being t .. e sum of Is . per head from each member of that society . A vote of thanks was unanimously passed to Mr . Hellis , and the Barley Mow Society of Carpenters generally , for their promptitude in replying to the Testimonial Committee ' s
application . Truro ( Cornwall ) Shoemakers . —A meeting of the journeymen Boot and Shoemakers was held on Monday , March 24 th , at the London Inn , Pydarstrcet , for the purpose of forming a section of the Cordwainers' General Mutual Assistance Association ; Mr . John Jory in the chair , who opened the business of the meeting , and introduced Mr . John Endean , from St : Ives , who briefly addressed the shopmates , and concluded by reading the general laws of the Association . It was then unanimously resolved to form a section of the same . Seventeen members were enrolled .
Mansfield FMMWOttK-rarmits . — At a public meeting of the Silk Knotted hands , held at the house of Mr . Bullivant , Black Swan Inn , Mansfield , March 24 , 1845 , it was unanimously resolved— "That the practice of reducing wages is detrimental to the manufacturer , inasmuch as it destroys confidence in the market and tends to lessen the value of their stock and machinery , and gives the unprincipled and needy speculator an advantage over the man of principle and upright dealing . The practice is still more prejudicial to the workman , inasmuch as the natural stimulus to the laudable exertion of industry is removed , and incessant toil procures him no adequate return to meet the wants of his family . It is also prejudicial to the public , inasmuch as it lessens the amount of money in circulation , and consequently
narrows the means of the tradesmen and agriculturists , and at the same time increases the demand made upon tliem in the shape of poor rates , and renders property generally more insecure and of less value . We , therefore , publicly declare that we will not make silk knotted hose at anything below our present statement price . And should the Hosiers still persevere in attempting to bring us lower in the scale of society , and thereby increase our present misery , we will at once give up our frames and turn our attention to something else that will , at least , be more regular if not better paid . Signed on behalf of the meeting , TJ Elliott , chairman . —P . S . For the last three years and a half the majority of the workmen employed in this branch have not earned more than four shillings per week each . "
Bradford Power-loom Weavers . —On Friday a public meeting of the Power-loom Weavers was held in the Temperance Rooms , Victoria-buildings . Garrett Hyson was called to the chair , who briefly opened the meeting , and stated that resolutions would be submitted for organising the Power-loom Weavers into an
Duncombe Testimonial !!—Final Appeal Of ...
association , and likewise to form a branch of the United Trades of England . Mr . Smith moved the first resolution , which was as follows : — " That in the opinion of this meeting a National Amalgamation of Trades would be highly conducive to the welfare of the working classes of England ; and should the forthcoming Conference of Trades' delegates decide on the formation of a National Trades' Union , we hereby agree to become a branch of the same . " Mr . John Wainwright seconded the resolution , which was carried unanimously . Mr . George Flynn then addressed the meeting at considerable length on the benefits to be derived from a general amalgamation Of the Trades . Mr . Brook moved , and Mr . Watson seconded— " That , in order to carry out the foregoing resolution , it is necessary that we form ourselves into an association , to be called the Bradford Power-loom Weavers' Protective Society , and that George Flynn be requested to divide the town into district meetings , and assist us in forming local committeesand
, adopt such other measures as he may deem requisite ^ further the organisation , and that a collection be made at the close of this meeting mi , 'y tlie expenses . " The resolution was carried . The thu'd resolution was moved bv Mr . Brook , seconded by Mr . Wainwright : — " That we pledge ourselves , individually and collectively , to exert our most strenuous efforts to further the formation of a society for the protection of our wages . " The meeting was then addressed by Messrs . Smith , Wainwright , and others , who detailed the tyranny and oppression prac tiscd by some of the overlookers towards the hands under them . After some other business had been transacted , a committee of three men and four women were elected to carry out the organisation of the trade . A vote of thanks was moved , to . the chairman , and fourteen shillings collected towards defraythe expenses of the meeting . Tenjshilllngs had been subscribed previously for the same purpose , making in all £ 1 4 s .
Bradford Woolcombers . —On Saturday evening a meeting of the Woolcombers was held in Butterworth-buildings , for the purpose of electing a delegate to the Trades' Conference . Mr . Bawson was called to the chair . Mr . George White was proposed and seconded , on which Mr . Sutclifle moved an amendment : — "That a delegate had already been elected , and that there was no use of electing a second . " On a division a large majority appeared for the election of Mr . White . Mr . White was then declared duly elected . A vote of thanks to the chairman concluded the meeting .
Asuion Miners . —A public meeting of the Coal Miiiers of the Ashton district was held on Good Friday , on a piece of waste ground near the Bog and Partridge , Oldham-road . Price , a working Miner , was called to the chair . The meeting was addressed by Messrs . Parkinson and Price , agents to the Miners ' Association , and by Mr . Wm . Dixon , of Manchester . The following resolution was agreed to : — " That we , the Miners , late in the employ of Messrs . Swisc and Leis , will not return to work until we have granted to us our just rights , inasmuch as the bond proposed by our employers is incompatible with the interests of ourselves and our families . " The thanks of tho meeting were given to the chairman , and the meeting separated .
Ihe Miners op Bradbury had a public dinner on the evening of Saturday last , when upwards of eighty Miners and their wives were present . After the cloth was removed Mr . Hancock was called to the chair , and tlie meeting was addressed by Mr . Bixon , of Manchester . The health of W . P . Roberts , the Miners' friend , was drank with three hearty cheers and one cheer more . The company broke up about eleven o ' clock , highly satisfied with the evening's entertainment . The next General Delegate Meeting op Lancashire Miners will bo held at the house of Mr . Iligham , nearWorsley , on Monday , April 7 th ; chair to be taken at eleven o ' clock in the forenoon . W . P . Roberts , Esq ., will address the Miners of the neighbourhood on the same day and at the same place . The levy for the fortnight is two shillings per member .
Comspmtittnm
Comspmtittnm
To Tue Editor Of The Northern Star. Sib,...
TO TUE EDITOR OF THE NORTHERN STAR . Sib , —Permit mc to say a few words on the subject of the Ten Hours' Bill , under the hope that I may induce some of my fellow-workmen to bestir themselves thereon at this most favourable moment . There is no subject which can at present be mooted of greater benefit to the labourine community , nor is tnere one to be found move useful in its results , save that of equal political power . Let mc , however , be rightly understood ; for nothing can bs werse than to hold out fallacious hopes . It would not increase wages , but it would not lessen them in tlie long run ; because , if unable to earn bo much as at present weekly , the markets would consequently not be so speedily glutted , and hence greater regularity in that which you did receive , tiut that for which , above all other
considerations , you ought to strenuously exert yourselves is , the health , the comfort , aud the prolongation of your children ' s , lives , Bvwy working man belonging to most of the trades finds it extremely difficult , if not impossible , when burdened with a family of small children , to bring them up iu any degree of comfort , if e is obliged to wait , and toil on in poverty and misery , till they are grown sufficiently to be able to do something which will make an addition to his own earnings . The principal employment for them is factory labour ; and , as these factories are at present conducted , the father mends his condition by preying upon the very vitals of his offspring . I have lost , within the last four months , one girl , eighteen years of age , of consumption ; and the registrar , when I went for the usual certificate in case of death , asked mo how it
happened that so many young girls , labouringinfactories , died of tlie same disease . Another of my girls , whom I am stUl compelled , by dire necessity , to send to these human slaughterhouses , informed me , on arriving at home on Thursday evening , that just before her leaving the mill a young woman had swooned away . There is hardly a day passes that some are not carried out in this itate , The poor things are not merely compelled to remain in ths mill the live-long day , but are obliged to perform a corUin amount of work ; and , failing to do this , are sent about their business—an amount of work , too , which none but the naturally more active , or those long
habituated to the employment , can , in some of the mills especially , accomplish . In every mill here a certain quantity of cloth has to be produced ; but some are more rigorous , and exact more than others . There is one mill in this town especially notorious for this . During meal hours the hands are at work , not by steam ; but by bodily exertion , keeping the loom in motion , notwithstanding the rigour of law on that head . This week , I am told , they have desisted , owing to an apprehension of being visited by the inspector . Prizes are given at this mill—a piece of fancy goods , or a sum of money equivalent in value thereto , is given to the weaver who has performed the greatest quantity of work within a given period . Thii
millowner is one of the wealthiest in the town—one whose whole fortune has been made out of the cotton trade ; and yet whose gratitude to his workmen is such that not one of them dares to belong to either apolitical or trades' union . Now , fellow-workmen , two hours' labour each day less would be an incalculable good to all engaged in factory employment . Last summer I observed that there was hardly a family with three or four hands working at the mill which had not one or other of those hands continually at home sick . Let any man having such a family calculate what is lost in wages yearly thereby , and he win need no other argument to convince himself , as well as his wife , of the necessity of a Ten Hours' Bill , since by it those lost wages would probably have been saved .
The time afforded in summer for healthful recreation , ' and in winter for the performance of some domestic duty , would effect for the female portion of the hands a twofold good . Their' health would be improved , and they would , in more than one sense , be better fitted for becoming mothers . The hands at Mr . Gardner ' s mill , close to which I now live , experiences in these respects great benefit , oven with eleven hours . What , then , might be expected from the diminution of another hour 1 Let me entreat you , therefore , to bestir yourselves , that another year , if possible , may not pass under the present healtludestroying , death-dealing system of protracted . toil . If it be awful to have a brother ' s blood crying to heaven for vengeance , what must be our state when our children ' s blood cries in like manner against us ? Is this not already our case—for have we done all which became us as men to do !
I fear we have not . Vfe love our children , we say , as well as the rich love theirs ; but have we fed them ? have we clothed them ? have we educated them as well as theirs No , we have not . In childhood we have denied their appeals for a crust of dry bread , whilst we left them to wallow in rags and dirt ; and , as soon as ever the law would pavmit us , we have sent them to the null , to be worked to death , for the paltry sum of two or three shillings a week ! Yes , so soon as law permitted us ; for the law is more merciful than us , since , before the law restrained us , we were sending them to the miU as soon as thoy could crawl . Talk of the Circassian bartering his daug hters , or the Hindoo or African their sons , for gold , the generous Briton is ready , not merely to seU , but to laerifiet his children , that oihtrs , not himself , may pocket the gold . Preston , March 22 nd , 1845 . Richard Mabsdek .
Execution At Rbawto. - On Saturday Week ...
Execution at Rbawto . - On Saturday week Thomas Jennings suffered the extreme penalty of the law at Riding , in the presence of 6 , 000 perons , for the wilful murder of his daughter , at the village of Thatcham . . „ jiiou : w ^~«^ , „
Execution And Confession; Of Taweek ' [B...
EXECUTION AND CONFESSION ; OF TAWEEK ' [ br ESMEss . t ,. ' ' .-.-. .- " ! , '¦ ¦ ¦ • AYLESBURY , ' 1 'RIDAV . ' . ¦ The hour announced for execution was-eighiVclock , hut about a quarter of an hour before eight a ; suddcn motion of the crowd showed that the moment had . come .- The most intense silence prevailed , -notr a word escaped . after the crowd had said He is coming . " The wretched man was greatly , moved when he saw the crowd ; he trembled exceedingly ,. and was scarcely able to- stand as lie stopped on the platform under tho drop .. Tho nightcap having been immediately drawn over him , he knelt down to pra , which he did with the
most apparent fervour . After he had- been praying for about a minute or a minute and a half lie was assisted to rise by Calcraft , who proceeded to place the rope round his neck . The drop fell , and tlie wretched man became at once violently convulsed and his whole frame quivered—his arms and legs contracted—they fell again—were again contracted—fell again , again contracted—and he hung a motionless- corpse . It was expected ; that . the wretched man would be received with groans and execrations W the crowd , but no such disgraceful proceeding took ' place . On the contrary , a most decorous and becoming silence was observed . The body was allowed to hang for an hour , and was then taken , but not cut ,, down . He was executed in the Quaker ' s dress .
Tawell ' s Coxfessiox . —Tawell drew up a confession some days since , of which he made a copy at a quarter before five o'clock this morning , ( Friday ) . This statement he placed in the hands of the Rev . Mr . Cox , the chaplain , which he begged of that gentleman to keep , but said that he had no objection to the substance of it being made known to the public . The statement will be so far satisfactory to the public that it takes away all doubt as to the guilt of the deceased . He confessed that he was guilty of tlie murder of Sarah llart , and also that he was guilty of tho attempt to murder her on the- previous occasion , iu September last , as stated on the trial . He also confessed that he did not commit the murder from pecuniary motives , but from the dread that the relation in which he stood towards Sarah Hart would transpire , and conic to the cars of his wife .
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jrortowmmg ; ; fileetmg &
Tower Hamlets.—An Aggregate Meeting Of T...
Tower Hamlets . —An aggregate meeting of tlie Chartists of this district will be held- on Monday evening next , at the Social Hall , Whitcchapel-road . Several delegates from the provinces will address the meeting . Chair to be taken at eight precisely . Sheffield . —A meeting will bo holden at the Democratic Temperance Itooms , Fig-Trce-lane , on Sunday evening next , March 30 th . A good readingroom with an excellent library attached arc amongst the advantages of this excellent place of-mceting . The Soutu Lancashire Delegate Meexiso : will be held on Sunday , March 30 th ( to-morrow ) , in the Chartists' Association-room , Mill-street ; Rochdale , at ten o ' clock in the morning .
Oldham . —On Sunday '( to-morrow ) , Mr . Thomas Tattcrsall , of Burnley , will deliver two lectures in the "Working Man's Hall , Horsedgp-street ,,. at . halfpast two o ' clock in tho afternoon ,, and at sis in the evening . Hebden Bridge . —Two lectures will be . delivered in the Democratic Chapel , Bridge-lane , on Sunday , the 30 th inst ., by Mr . Thomas Tattersall ,. of Burnley , to commence at two o ' clock hi the afternoon , and six in the evening . Nottingham . —A general meeting of the . members of the Provident Co-operative Society , held at Mr . Dorman ' s Temperance House , 16 ,. Clare-street , will be held on Sunday evening next , at sis . o ' clock . Dewsbukv . —The next Dcwsbury district delegate meeting will bo holden in the Chartist-room , Dewsbury , on Sunday , the 30 th inst ., to commence at two o'clock in the afternoon .
Mr . Doyle ' s Route fob the ensuing "Week . — Monday , March 31 st , Littletow-n ; Tuesday ,. April 1 st , Batley : Wednesday , Birstall ; Thursday , Heckmondwike ; Friday , Dcwsbury ; Saturday , Wakefield . Halifax . —Mr . Murray will deliver a lecture io the Working Man ' s Hall , BuUclose-lane , on Sunday , at half-past six . A public meeting will take place in the above room , to _ elect delegates to the next Convention , to bo held in Londou on April 5 th , 1845 .
The Late Steam-Boiler Explosion At Blacr...
The Late Steam-boiler Explosion at Blacrwali ,. —TEitmyATox or the Ivqoibi . —Ou . Wednesday forenoon Mr . Baker , coroner , and the jury empanelled to inquire into the cause of the death of Thomas Wright , George Chapman , Richard Grimes , William Noalc , and Jonathan Smith , the five individuals who lost their lives by the explosion of a steam-boiler on the promises of Messrs . Samuda and Co ., at Blackwall , re-assembled at the Town Hall , Poplar ,, for the fifth time . The depositions of the several witneasea having been read over to them they wore respectively signed . —Mr . Bain , surgeon , was then examined ( he having made a . post mortem examination of the deceased ) as to the injuries received by them , which he stated had caused their deaths , and the inquisitions were signed by the jury . —The several witnesses were then bound oyer to give evidence against George
Lowe , the foreman , at the next Central Criminal Court . Previous to the jury being discharged they handed to the coroner a statement to the following effect : — " The jury cannot close this investigation without expressing their opinion that the application of low pressure boilers to high pressure purposes is highly dangerous , and ought to be prohibited by law . And they are further of opinion , that the important facts elicited on this inquiry should , be laid ^ before , hor Majesty's Government , in the hope that some legislative enactment may be adopted , whereby , if possible , to prevent that powerful destruction to human life which arises under the present imperfect system . " The Coroner said ho should be happy to give effect to the opinion of the jury , whiehhe thought to be a very proper one i and having thanked them for their patient attention to the case during the number of days it had engaged their attendance , dis « charged them in due form .
The late Explosiov at Blackwall . —Mr . Lowe , the managing engineer of Messrs . Samuda ' s factory , against whom a verdict of manslaughter was returned by the coroner ' s jury , has not as yet been apprehended on the warrant which has been issued against him . It is , however , understood that he will surrender at the next sitting of the Central Criminal Court to take his trial , . and that several eminent engineers will be examined on his » behalf . The trial is looked forward to with much interest in the en « gineering world . The poor fellows who were removed to the London Hospital are still going on very
favourably . Election of Subvevors . —A vestry meeting was held in the parish church , on Tuesday morning last , to elect surveyors' for the Northgate highways ; Mr . R . J . Lumb in the chair . It was proposed and seconded— " That Messrs . Scowby and Tomlinson , the surveyors of last year , be re-elected with a remuneration of ten guineas per year to Mr . Scowby . " An amendment to this motion was proposed and seconded , " That Messrs . Dawson and Quarmby be the surveyors , without salary . " After a most stormy and riotous meeting , the amendment was carried by a . large majority .
Coffin's " Guide To Health."
COFFIN'S " GUIDE TO HEALTH . "
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TO the . numerous inquirers , by , ' from many parts of the country . Dr . Coffin would say . that his BOTANICAL GUIDE TO HEALTH , AND THE NATURAL PATHOLOGY OF DISEASE , is now in the press , to be out about the 20 th of April , Tho work is intended to be the basis of a General Botanic Society in this country , and wiU have the advantage over aU others of the kind for domestic use , as it wttl be divested of all technicalities in the description of disease , and the Plants to cure them . It will contain about 350 pages , and wiU be accompanied with a Card of Membership to all , and a blank for the Branch where the purchaser resides , and a Steel Engraving of the Author . The price will be 6 s .. Address , 16 , Trafalgar-street , Leeds .
Ad00121
PATENT BELMONT SPERM CANDLES , One Shilling ptr lb . PATENT BELMONT SPERM OIL , Four Shillings per Gallon . B URNING more brilliantly than the ordinary Sperm Candles and Oil , and differing from them . in being principally prepared from a pure vegetable material , instead of an impure animal one . PRICE'S PATENT CANDLES , lftid . per lb . YAUXHALL COMPOSITE CANDLES , SR ncr lb PATENT BELMONT WAX CANDLES , Is . per lb . Families wishing to try any of the above arc recora mended to order them through their own tradesmen ,
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), March 29, 1845, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_29031845/page/1/
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