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^ THE NORTHERN STAR. March 29, lfra
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THE SALT-HILL MURDER. Ayr.Bauunr, Tjicns...
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Printed by DOU6AL M'GOWAN, of 17, Great Win** Street, Haymarket, in the City of Westminster, at»«
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umeem the same Street and Parish, for th...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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National Conference Of Trades , In Accor...
NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF TRADES . * -- ¦ ( Continued from our seventh page . ) Mr . Barratt the Secretary , said sometf the dele-Mtefappearelto belabouring under a mistake The auesLn ^ mder consideration was not one of . ways SiSS' ^ thou s h their hon ourable chairman had anSccd that ° a subscription of five guineas {& be forwarded through him towards the lwuidathmof the expenses of Conference . ( Loud cheers . ) He thought his friend Dunning had deviated from the line laid down by the Committee . ( Hear , Mr . Blackhurat , Sheffield , said the delegation was a mighty lever by which the working classes were to belatedfont of their miseries . He honed the Conference would takeais enlarged view of the matter , zai not disfcanckisi' any Hr . G . Skelton , would move the previous
question-That the report of the Committee be now read . Mr . G . A . Fleming , in seconding the amendment , gaid that they were not a Conference of Trades ' Unionists only , but of bodies of working men generally , who were seeking to become Unionists ; and therefore she noa-Unionists had as good a right to be { here as the Unionists . Mr . Dunning , in reply , said it was principle and a sense of justice that induced him to press his motion . He looked on money as the sine qua non ofthe Movement . His desire " was that those only who paid should be represented . The amendment for reading the Committee ' s report was then put , and declared by the Chairman to be carried unanimously . Mr . G . A . Fleming , Chairman of the Committee , then brought up their report , which he read as follows : —
Tour Committee have taken the Address of the Chairman of the Conference into consideration , together with such other suggestions as were laid before them , in accordance with the resolution by which they were appointed , and beg to report as follows : — . The primary object of all Trades' Unions is to secure to the Operative a fair and just participation in the wealth he assists to produce . For some years past an opinion has been gradually gaining ground among these bodies , that their organisation and the application of their funds heretofore , have neither been the best nor the most effective that might have been adopted . Repeated failure has induced scepticism as to the elncacy of STRIKES ALOjS ~ E to protect the labourer ironi the aggression of Capital , and to arrest
that downward tendency , which is the most prominent feature of liis condition . At the same time , increased experience and information has excited a desire amongst some of the Trades , to attempt Association on a larger scale for the protection of industry ; or at least to deliberate whether there may not be a better method of applying the large sums annually collected for the use of these Societies . The great cause of the continuous decline of the wages of Labour , which forms an undeniable consequence of the present system , is a ^ redundance of workers , compared with the demand for their labour . Until this discrepancy can be removed , its effects cannot be averted . Experience has proved that Stiikes alone are not sufficient for the purpose , and some
other modes inusi be devised by whieh the "surplus labour" shall be absorbed , or kept out of the market , and an equality be maintained between the work to be done and the number of those required to do it . Strikes , limitation of apprentices , and tue support of tramps , were no doubt well adapted for the objects had in view when they were originally adopted , and to a period when manual labour was aided , instead of bemgmastered , by machinery : but the enormous increase of the latter productive power must be met by the adoption of additional measures on the part of the operatives , suited to the new circumstances it has created- "While _ Gamial possesses the unlimited power of creating automaton workers , it is Utterly impossible for manual labour , in its present position , to maintain a successful struggle against its
aggressions . In the merciless race of competitionincreasing in rapidit y and intensity , in consequence of over-expanding scientific and mechanical powers of production and decreasing outletsfor consumptionthere is a power at work against which the relatively feeble effoitsof 3 Trades ' Unions , asatpi esentconducted , can have no chance of ultimate success . The working classes must summon to their aid those appliances Which have hitherto been principally employed against them . They must expend their fundslocally or generally—in the erection of machines that will work for and not against them ; and instead of investing funds with bankers , to be used by large capitalists , in a way which inevitably lowers the condition of the contributors , they must apply them to the production of real wealth and profitable results for themselves .
The time may not have yet arrived when practical measures for this purpose can be commenced . It may lie , that opinion has not yet sufficiently ripened to permit of the formation of an association with these objects ; but , at all events , your Committee are of opinion that their discussion by the present Conference is an imperative duty , and that if no immediate organisation results from such discussion , the impetus it will give the public mind will hasten the period for those more practical and extended measures , which can only be effectually carried out by an enlightened public opinion among the producing classes . The immediate measures which it appears to your Committee this Conference may usefully take into consideration are the following : — . 1 . A society , to be called the Association of United Trades for the Protection of Industry .
2 . A Central Committee to carry out the objects ofthe said Association , and the formation of a fund to defray the necessary expenses . 3 . The leading objects of the Association may be divisible into two departments—the first external , having reference to the influence of the Legislature on the condition of the industrious classes ; the second Internal , or to efforts made by the Trades to jmprovc their own condition . "With respect to the first of these divisions , Ijour Committee suggest that the Central Committee Should be empowered and instructed to take every jpportunity , by means of petitions to Parliament , deputations to Government and members ef both Houses ofthe Legislature , cheap publications , public
meetings , and other legal , reasonable , and peaceable f ensures , to enforce the a doption of shorter hours of hour wherever practicable . The experience of the Sheffield Trades , of the workmen employed by the Messrs . Starkcys , ofHuddersfield , the Messrs . Brooks , of Arniitagc Bridge , and more recently the hands of Mr . Gardner at Preston , and numerous other proofs which might be adduced , show that this is a measure sound ana beneficial , whether it is viewed physically economically , or morally . 4 . Another measui ^ to which serious consideration should be directed is , the establishment of Local Boards of Trade , similar to those which have so long existed in France and Belgium , composed of masters and operatives , to whom all matters affecting the
regulation of wages , duration of labour , disputes , & c , shall be referred . , and their decisions have the authority of law . [ It is conceived that these two measures would very materially improve the condition of the labouring classes . Short time would keep production and consumption more upon a level with each other : equalise the condition ofthe workers , who would thus all be enabled to share in whatever work there might be in the market ; and , by giving time for mental and moral improvement , raise the charac ter ofthe whole population . On the other hand , the proposed Boards of Trade , being equally composed of employers and employed , would have a tendency to prevent strikes and turn-outs by aD differences being first submitted to an impartial tribunal , and authoritatively settled by it . ) Under this general division of the business of
{ he Association , would also fall the promotion of ail public movements having reference to improved sanatory conditions for the labouring population ; and generally of all such measures as would conduce to the promotion of health , intelligence , and morality . 5 . The second division of the Association should be the collection and diffusion of information , as to the means by which the capital , skill , and labour of the Trades can be applied for their own benefit , and especially to enable them to abstract from the labour market , and set to profitable employment , the redundant hands , who , if suffered to remain in it , would reduce the wages of the whole trade to which they Wong-Upon this most important point your Committee 6 eg to beclearly understood ; they propose no definite plan , but merely throw out the suggestion , as one deseiv ' nsr of serious consideration fiom the
Confers-.. ce . . Ys : ir Committee recommend that no intcrferei . ee be attempted with the local organisation of individual Trades ; but that the new organisation herein spoken of be simply an addition to the means hitherto adopted for the protection of Labour : though they hopi and trust that in due season this addition will become so effective as to supersede mere local and sectional efforts . It appears to the Committee desirable that nothing should be attempted which will not carry
with it the general support ot the Trades ; and hence they recommend only the most cautious and gradual steps , believing that many former efforts to improve the condition of the productive classes have tailed because they were too far in advance of the mind of J hosc { hey were intended to benefit . The sum required from cam individual trade to support the new organisa t ion would not be large , and might easily be added to that now paid by the members of local Unions , and collected by their officers for remittance to the Central Committee of the Association .
C . The Central Committee should be instructed to carefully prepare a constitution for concentrating the energies , legalising the proceedings , and giving | nci- - -nl effect to the growing desire for location in «« I . r . 1 , and other measures for the profitable em-P »? m-.--i . £ of the funds of such Unions as might be demons of thus using them . tJt ^ r ^ mmendedthat , at least , an Annual Umterenee should be held to review the proceedings
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ofthe Central Committee , and to devise such measures as shall best promote the great objects of the Association . 8 . —Your Committee have purposely refrained from entering into detail on the various points enumerated ; as they conceive that it will be well for the Conference to confine its attention in the first instance to general FREfciPLES : and the machinery for carrying out the measures that maybe resolved on , will be better elaborated by a sub-committee appointed for the purpose , or the duty may be devolved on the Central Committee . In conclusion , your Committee beg to submit the foregoing proposals in no spirit of dogmatism ^ or selfconfidence , but merely as questions upon which discussions may profitably be raised . Whatever decisions may ultimately be come to respecting them , your Committee will be prepared to acquiesce in , and zealously to support to the extent of the means in their
power , , Geo . Fleming , Chairman . The reading was received with much applause , and was unanimously received . The first recommendation—That a society , to be called the Association of United Trades for the Protection of Industry , was moved , seconded , and carried unanimously . Five hundred copies of the Report were then ordered to be printed , and the further debate adjourned until Thursday morning , in order that each member might have before him the Committee ' s report , and s-oo the whole of their recommendations . The Conference then broke up for dinner , and at two o ' clock resumed , when the Chairman called on the delegates to give in any particular statements they were entrusted with .
STATEMENTS OF THE DELEGATES . Mr . Macnaraara represented the Boiler-makers of Manchester . Twenty-five shops in their trade had recently been " out , " and obtained an advance of wages to the amount of three shillings per week . From the insecure way in which boilers are made , the lives ofthe makers of them are in great danger . His trade had drawn up a petition on the subject to Parliament . They would give their hearty support to the measures emanating from the Conference . Mr . George White represented the Woolcombers of BradfordYorkshire . Their body numbered 10 , 000 .
, Their work was carried on in unhealthy rooms , and they were of opinion that the roasters should be compelled to furnish healthy places in which to carry on their labour . He believed if conciliatory steps were taken , all would co-operate . He was of opinion that the several Trades should manage their own local affairs , but that they should have a General Union for mutual protection , and , instead of strikes , he would recommend the land to fall back upon . ( Cheers . ) The members of their body in union numbered 3 , 000 .
Mr . Heame , Baker , Manchester , was instructed same as the last speaker , excepting on the land question . He thought if tlie hours ot labour were shortened , it would Be of great service to the cause , of industry . The Bakers sometimes went to work at six o ' clock on Sunday night , and were kept to work until ten o ' clock on Monday night , for one day ' s wages , 3 s . 6 d . They usually averaged nineteen hours a day . Mr . Berry , Bootmaker , said that some years ago a strike took place at Mr . Medwin ' s , in the city of London ; and he had some papers containing certain resolutions of some of the master Boot-makers , said to be " respectable , " which resolutions were caused by that strike . These he wished to be submitted to Conference , in order that the body might see how far it could deal with the matter .
The Chairman thought that the matter was hardly relevant . Mr . J . Mirfield represented the Linen Weavers of Barnsley ; and that body was of opinion that unless a General Union was formed , their condition would become worse and worse . The masters kept imposing additional labour , without any corresponding increase of wages . They were opposed to strikes , unless agreed to by the Trades as a whole . They had found out the fallacy of individual strikes . A strike , by which they had only retained their present position , had cost them £ 5 , 000 .
Mr . Puttenham , Paper-maker , said that a note had been presented to their body , stating that after a certain time , they would have to labour for 3 s , a week less : but , being united , they resisted , and informed their masters they could not consent to such reduction . The men , by their union , succeeded , and had maintained their wages up to the present time . He hoped that a General Union would be the result of tins meeting . Mr . R . Wilson , Maker-up , said there was a good understanding in his trade between the employer and the employed . They prohibited piece-work , and stringently enforced day work : consequently , they kept their trade , had not many surplus hands , and therefore thev took up this matter more for the
advantage of the cause of ^ industry in general , than for their own trade in particular . ( Loud cheers . ) Mr . Wayne , Block-Printer , had rather to complain of want of work , than wages when they did work . Machinery was their bane . It had been suggested that they should work at the same price as the machine . That was impossible ; and what work they got was uncertain . Nature , by the present system , was turned upside down . The parent was compelled to go to the bed-side of the child—they were compelled to have it as an assistant—shake it out of sleep , and take it to work , even at midnight . Before it had been two hours at work it often fell down from exhaustion . His instructions were to go for the entire abolition of night-work , and for a Ten Hour Bill . He was also in favour ofa General Union , and a better organisation .
Mr . Evans , Potter , had also to coniplam of machinery . A machine had been invented , by a Mr . Mason , wluch did the labour of six able-bodied men . Some time ago the Fetters had a strike which cost £ 3 , 000 . At the end of nine months this machine was introduced ; the result was , that they started a society to get land , and had obtained £ 1 , 000 towards £ 5 , 000 for that purpose ( loud cheers ); and on which land they intended to place Mr . Mason ' s men . Well , the immediate result has been that Mr . Mason has put aside his machine , and others have followed his example . Still the men felt themselves in danger , and believed they would be so , until they had the land to fall back on . ( Loud cheers . ) Mr . Thos . Hackney , Hydraulic-packer , said , the packers supported their unemployed hands . He thought General Union and Local Boards of Trade would be beneficial .
Mr . Hawks , Table-blade Forger , said , that in 1843 competition in Sheffield had become so rife that knives were made at the rate of 4 s . 9 d . a dozen .. The men in his branch had had a strike of eleven months ' duration ; the masters and merchants uniting against them , and telling them " they would soon be done , " and then they would be enabled to have knives at what price they pleased . The Union kept 250 men on their box , rather than allow them to go in , and decrease the price for all . Ultimately a committee
of twenty-five masters hadmet , with an equal number of men , to arrange their affairs , and an amicable arrangement was the result : and yet some of the masters who had signed the paper had run from their contract . His branch , therefore , needed the support of their brethren in other trades ; and sure he was that the members of his trade would rather starve thanwork under price . The average earnings of a Spring Knife-cutter was no more than 7 s . a-week at the present time . It was the inability of many that prevented their being paying members .
Mr . Blackhurst , Table-blade Forger , said , those he represented had no hope of obtaining their rights without Union . Masters would not give more than they could help . He not only represented the Table blade Forgers , but other trades , who had united for the better protection of Labour , and to watch over the combination of masters : for masters , although they condemned the union of men , took care to have combinations of then : own . In 1836 , the masters gave 7 s . 6 d . per dozen for forging six-inch knives ; in 1842 , they reduced the sum to 3 s . Gd . for the same articles ; and other articles had been reduced to a much lower point . The Anti-Corn Law League called on them to uphold " England ' s greatness , " as they termed competition with foreigners , whilst they starved
English artisans to death . ( Loudcheers . ) At length the workers had been starved into resistance . They had , resisted successfully , and ever since they had been respected : in fact , they had found it out to be far better to work eight hours a day than to work sixteen . ( Cheers . ) Factors , who lived on the very life ' s blood of the working classes , had , with their long hours , driven the men to the skittle-alley and cava-tables whilst tho short Jiours suslcm liad furnished them ivitli bits of gardens . The forgers liked the plan of independence . Mr . Blackhurst exhibited some of the cast metal stuff made up for knives , and which he declared were not worth a button , and with such " stuff" they were to " compete with foreigners . "
Mr . Mullet , Secretary to the Woolcombers , said Mr . White had already stated the opinions of their body . They had been much reduced by the progress of machinery . One master in his district had professed to give employment , in 1842 , out of charity , and gave the liberal sum of three farthings an hour wages . However , union had compelled him to give an advance of 25 per cent . They had also obtained advances in other places ; but these were still only temporary triumphs , paid for at great cost ; and no doubt the masters would embrace the first opportunity to return to thoir old practices . Something more effectual , therefore , was needed to arrest the downward progress of the worker ' s condition . The Conference adjournedat five o'clock until halfpast nine on Thursday morning .
THIRD MY'S SITTING-ThubsdAx , March 27 . T . S . Duncombe , Esq ., M . P ., resumed the chair at ten o'clock precisely . After the roll had been called over , the 2 nd section of the Committee ' s Report was read . Mr . Evans , Potter , suggested the propriety of allowing the choice of a Committee to stand over until the whole of the objects for which the Society was to be formed had been agreed to . ZZJSSGM
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Mr . Dunning , Bookbinder , could not acquiesce in the suggestion of Mr . Evans . He thought they might agr ee to the 2 nd section immediately . Mr . James Rattray thought every one would see the necessity , when they became a component part of the great Association now projected , of supplying their quota of the necessary funds for carrying it out . Mr . Wartnaby , Carpenter , thought they should proceed at once to cany out the 2 nd section of the Committee ' s Report . Mr . Christopher , Shoemaker , was not vested with power to do this or that : therefore , before ho could do anything respecting money matters , he must return to his constituents for their opinions on the subject .
Mr . Hulme , Baker , was sent to do anything that was calculated to create union . He should support the motion . Several delegates rose in rapid succession , and supported tho views of Mr . Hulme . Mr . Robson , Shoemaker , thought the proposition a very simple one . He should vote for the affirmation of the principle . His constituents would deal with tlie pecuniary part of the matter . ( Cheers , j Mr . James , Shoemaker , thought this discussion unnecessary . If they did not affirm this section they would be negativing what they did yesterday . Mr . Spurr , Iluddersfield , said his constitutcnts expected that a General Committee would be formed .
Mr . Mullins , as the representative of the Trades of Bradford , said he should support the motion . Mr . , Boiler-maker , said his constituents had fair wages , but they wished to help those who had not . The proposition was good , and he should support it . Mr . Macnamara said he was sent to assist in anything beneficial , and was supplied with funds by tho Boiler-makers of Manchester . to defray their quota of expenses . Mi * . Drury , Sheffield , said it was absolutely necessary that they should have a central board of communication ; and if he was to go back to his constituents without such a portion ofthe machinery being provided , he should go with a strange tale in his mouth .
Mr . Thomas Booth said those who felt a difficulty in voting for the recommendation , could remain neutral , and the others who were at liberty could vote , and the business proceed . Mr . Evans , having embodied his suggestion in a motion , the Chairman proceeded to put the question , when the recommendation that a Central Committee should be formed was affirmed by a very large majority- ,. . , Mr . Dunning was desirous of making a motion to provide that the members of such Central Committee should be paid , but he ultimately consented to with draw it for the present . The following letter from the Miners of Durham and Northumberland , addressed to 'Conference , was road by the Chairman : —
Owing to the protracted nature of the strike in these tivo counties , and from the present poverty of the Miners , it is impossible for us to be represented in the present Conference of Trades now sitting in Loudon : nevertheless , the Miners of these two counties most heartily approve of a Consolidated Union of aU Trades , being convinced tliat , until such union is effected , single Trades may struggle with oppression in vain ; and we hereby pledge ourselves to use our utmost exertions to carry out so desirable an object . —W . Daniels , Chairman ; John Clabk , Secretary . The 3 rd section of the Report was then agreed to without discussion , and carried unanimously . _ The 4 th section ] that relative to the appointment of Local Boards of Trade , was then read , and the
Chairman was about to put the motion , when Mr . Dunning said the proposition looked very fair on the face of it , but he doubted very much if punishment would be equally inflicted under such a law , on those who violated it . The masters , as magistrates , have the power of awarding punishment : and they would hesitate ere they sent one of their own order to the treadmill . The proposition was an emonation from France and Belgium , and was too Frenchified for him . The Northern Star of last Saturday had highly eulogised those Boards ; and . thought they might be the means of rendering Trades' Unions unnecessary , a feeling tliat the Government would not fail to make a proper use of . The proposed Boards of Trade would , in his opinion , be made an instrument in the hands of despots , such as Sir James
Graham , for the suppression of Trades' combuiations . Such combinations were an eye-sore both to employers and the Government . He would move that the recommendation respecting the Board of Trade be not agreed to . Mr . Hackney , Hydraulic Presser , thought if one ofthe masters was only for once put on the treadmill , it would greatly tend to deter the employer from acting unjustly ; and as to the proposal being Fraichificd , he cared not where the proposal came from , so that it was a good one ; he should support the proposition for Boards of Trade . Mr . Cornish , Wool Stapler , supported the views of Mr . Dunning , and believed if adopted by the Unionists , that moment the Unionists committed suicide .
Mr . Williams , Carver and Gilder , also coincided with the views of Mr . Dunning . Mr . John Skelton , Ladies' Shoemaker , thought good and evil was mixed up in nearly all propositions , hut he thought the balance much in favour of good from local Boards of Trades ; and by their adoption he believed a great amount of the large capitalists would go with them to put down the baneful amount of competition now raging . He should , therefore , support the proposal for Local Boards of Trade , believing them calculated to give support to both labour and capital . Mr . Berry , Miner , said they had what was called " liberty "—and with it their unions : and yet they were more reduced in condition than ever . Why ,
these things loudly proclaimed the necessity of their throwing themselves upon the protection of Parliament . Why , the Miners had a strike now pending at Wigan , at the colliery of Mr . Carl , a magistrate , and he at the present time held in his hand a letter from Mi * . Roberts , stating that 300 Irishmen had just arrived to supply the place ofthe turn-outs ; under the present system the men had no chance ; he should , therefore , support the proposition of the Committee . Mr . Robson said that their trade , the City Ladies ' Shoemakers , was reduced to make shoes at 6 Jd . per pair ; and Moses , who had done so much to ruin the Tailors ' trade , was about to compete with the Shoemakers also , by means of their surplus labour , by reducing wages down to 4 d . or 5 d . He believed Local Boards of Trade were the only means pf putting an end to such a state of unprincipled com petition . > Mr . Pasquil , Miner , gave a lucid statement of the mc . * . * . ' rmimrnnnaa Tin nnrdinllv aiihnrofod tho nvn .
position for Local Boards , as a means of placingboth masters and men on an equality before the law . . Mr . Prior , Tailor , said Government had not such a knowledge of the Unionists as gobiopeople imagined , ' as witness , the discussion on the case of the Glasgow Cotton-Spinners . He thought the working men , when they had a proper understanding , could do more for themselves than any Act of Parliament could do for them . What could the workmen expect from men who declared they would rather walk the streets in their shirt sleeves , than that the Tailors should obtain their just rights ? It had been stated that Moses and Son had resolved to add the Shoe-making trade to their present Leviathan system of competitive op-Eres sion , and if they did so the working men would e found assisting this effort of oppression by purchasing at their establishment . lie could not come to a conclusion that Local Boards of Trade would work well . ( Hear , hear . )
Mr . Mirfield , Linen Weaver , Barnsley , said his constituents were of opinion that Local Boards of Trade were calculated to save them from ruin . As to the extra means of oppression which it was feared the masters would obtain from the establishment of such boards , they really had so much now , that he could not conceive how these boards , or anything else , could arm them with additional ones . He thought such boards well calculated to adjust differences between the employers and the employed . Mi ' . Webster , Hull , asked whether the present mode of adjusting disputes ( even when the
labourer had j usticc on his side ) , was at all satisfactory ? Were his grievances rightly adjusted ? No , certainly not . All the power was at present on the side of the capitalists . He came from a maritime town , whore disputes were referred to magistrates , whose decisions not unfrequently caused the greatest disgust . The proposed Local Boards would be composed equally of employers and employed , and would thus give the employed half thepovotv in the settlement of disputes . _ They would consequently be calculated to allay prejudice , and create a better feeling between the masters and workmen .
Mr . Rattrayaskcdhowcamoittopassthatif Boards ; of Trade had been beneficial in France and Belgium—' , we had to be in so much dread of foreign competition ? ( Perhaps some one who knew how these boards worked would give the necessary information . He was inclined , after the statements of Mr . Skelton and others , to support the proposition . Mr . Christopher , Ladies' Shoemaker , was surprised to hear men talk of an equal number of I masters and men constituting the Local Boards ; why the men would not be equal to the employers . Mr . G . A . Fleming said , the proposition , was not as Mr . Dunning supposed , calculated to suppress Trades' combinations : for the parties that would be
represented on the Boards of Trade would be the bombs of Trades , both employers and employed . This , therefore , cut away one of tho principal objeo tions raised by Mr . Dunning . As to the proposal being too Frenchified ; he had Battered himself that the time had arrived when Englishmen were not to be opposed to Frenchmen " because they wore wooden clogs and eat frogs . " But the principle was not French , it was truly English . Mr . Fleming then read an extract from an Act of Parliament , passed in the fifth year of Elisabeth , to prove that Local Boards would not be an adaptation of" Frenchified customs , " but was a return to the good old " English customs . " He much regretted to hear any expression of ill feel- ing > gainst the employers as a class . They ought to repress such feelings , and conciliate , in order to obtain
National Conference Of Trades , In Accor...
justice for all . The Boards of Trade the committee proposed , composed as they would be of the employed as well as the employers , would be as much a portion of the iiAW as the magistrates themselves . ¦ The only part the magistrates would have to take would be simply a ministerial one . The hoards would conduct their business publicly . The working men , of course , would be selected for their independence , prudence , and judgment ; and being eoual incumbers with the em ployers , would be equally influential with them ; and , hacked by public opinion as these boards would ' be , they could not be without beneficial results . He begged to correct Mr . Dunning ' s assertion , that fhp Government had taken this question up . Lord
Dalhousie simply said to the Hand loom Weavers , that it was a matter worthy of consideration . In reference to Mr . Rattray ' s question , tho reason why English workmen were not able to compete with the Continental operatives , was the great disparity of public burdens that each has to bear . The Englishman had £ 50 , 000 , 000 of taxation a-year to provide , £ 8 , OCO , 000 poor-rates , and all other rates . No wonder that he was not in a condition to compete . In answer to a question put , as to whether the rate of wages on the Continent was always one fixed and unvarying amount , he believed that the Boards ot Trade met periodically , and promulgated lists of wages , having determined on them when they had taken all the circumstances of the times into consideration .
Mr . Wayne , Blook-Printer , could corroborate that statement from actual knowledge . Ho had worked five years in Belgium , and had had full opportunity of observing the beneficial working of the principle . The Boards were composed of equal numbers of masters and men ; they met monthly ; they promulgated lists of wages for the different descriptions of work ; all paid according to that list , until it was set aside by the authority that made it , which was done whenever the circumstances of the times called for it . He had worked there for lOd , a day ? ( Derisive cheers . ) What mattered it for the amount , if the sum would procure him sufficient food . Tenpcncc there was worth more than 2 s . 6 d . here . ( Hear , hear . ) . ' •_ ..
Mr . J . White , Woofcomber , thought Boards ot Trades were well calculated to infuse feelings of selfesteem and independence , which they did not now possess . They now had to go " hat in hand" to beg ofthe employers what they ought to have of right . He thought these Boards would be a step in the right direction , for they would at all events introduce the principle of equality . Lie hoped their views were sufficiently large and comprehensive to allow them to adopt the principle of Local Boards of Trade . ( Cheers . ) Mi > . Wartnabv , Carpenter , would support the Committee's proposition . He had not heard any argument urged against the proposition sufficient to induce him to vote against it . It now being halt-past one o ' clock , the Conference adjourned for dinner .
. Afternoon Sitting , Thursday . Mr . T . Booth , File-Smith , said that his opinion was that Local Boards of Trade would entail more of evil than of good .. He feared the capitalist would corrupt the working men . In Sheffield a society- existed , called "The Life and Property Protection Society , " but which society was in reality for the suppression of Trades' combination . That society had a fund which was used to engage spies , and take other steps to put down Trades' Unions by _ bribery . We had no just legislation in the House of Commons , and until we had a just representation in that house the less we had to do in conjunction with the capitalist the better . France and Belgium had been referred to ; but it so happened that in those countries the
workmen never rose above their starting position . At tho present time the numbers of the Sheffield Trades prevented them from being sold . The proposed arrangement would place them in the hands of a few , and leave them open to sale . Mr . B . Humphris , Framework-knitter , Nottingham , said his body were in favour of Local Boards of Trade ; but they thought the president should be independent of either party , whether masters or workmen . The Framework-knitters were a numerous body , comprising 48 , 000 ; and they were so reduced that' their wages in some places only averaged 5 s . 3 d . per week . At Barwell the hands were much assisted by cultivating plots of land . Whatever evil might arise from Boards of Trade , of this he was
sure , they could not injure the Framework-knitters , but might benefit them . Mr . Wilson , Maker-up , thought Boards of Trade would be of great advantage . Institutions of a similar kind had proved beneficial in their trade . Mr . Thomason , Calico Printer , thought the proposition of the Committee a good one , and would tend to the upholding of wages . He was confident that legislative protection and interference was necessaiy . Machinery had reduced the Cotton Printer from a position of respectabUity to that of a wandering vaf abend . Time was when there was no night work ; ut now Mr . Cobden , M . P ., carried it to an alarming extent , and the manual labourer found it impossible to compete with machinery .
Mr . William Evans , Potter , thought the great evil was " surplus labour ; " and so long as this continued , notwithstanding the establishment of Boards of Trade , their condition would not be much bettered . He did not think working men could bo found with temerity to go before those Boards , and give evidence against their employers . ( Hear , hear . ) He advised them to be cautious how they took this step ; and he thought it would be prudent , at all events , to postpone it for the present . Mr . Lloyd Jones thought it advisable to take peaceful steps to adjust differences . He , therefore , supported Local Boards of Trade , His trade had not mentioned the subject in their letter of instruction , but the proposal seemed to liim so rational and so just , that he supported it . ( Cheers . ) Mr . Felkin perfectly agreed with his friend from Nottingham .
Mr . J . S . Sherrard , Hand-loom Weaver , Spitalficlds , said he believed he was warranted in saying that the whole body of Weavers in the united kingdom was in favour of local boards . They believed it to be one of the best means that existed to better their condition . It was the only means of making dishonourable capitalists act justly . It would benefit their whole body , who , with their families and dependents , numbered not less than 800 , 000 souls . He , therefore , most cordially supported tho proposal . He had been one of the deputation to Lord Dalhousie the other day , who did not make them any positive promise . This day he and his brother delegates had waited on Sir G . Clerk , whodid not receive them so " courteously" as Lord Dalhousie . -Sir George did not seem to mind the imprisoning of working men , but he by no means seemed to like the chance of one ofi his own order being imprisoned . ( Hear , hear . )
Mr . Sykes ,. File-smith , said , there was one particular reason why he should object to this proposal . There were few working men but who felt great diffidence in the presence of their employers , and consequently in such a position would not act up to principle . It was fallacious to talk of their interest being identical . Therefore , he had no great faith in acting with the capitalist . Mr . Spurr , Huddersfield , acting on the principle now suggested , had saved the trade in the town from which he came much money . Mr . Hawksworth , Sheffield , said that the men of Sheffield had come forth to tell tho men of London , and the world at large , that they could legislate for themselves , and did not require the aid of either the capitalists or the Government . They had tested the "five promises" of the masters , and had been stabbed in the back . He should oppose the motion .
Mr . Blackhurst , Sheffield , would ask , would Local Boards of Trade place more wealth in the hands of the workman ? We did not wish merely to walk , talk , dance , or gamble with the employers ; the working men wanted the power of dining with them . Local Boards might oaualiso wages in some districts , but they would not increase them . He objected to Local Boards , because they would Sfive other men the power of selling his abour , instead of learning him to sell it himself . The masters had always acted treacherously towards them , and hence-they could not trust them as arbiters . It was said the Boards would not be eternal—no t the Poor Law was not to be eternal ; but they were still cursed with it . He thought before they adopted LoealBoards from the Frenchmen , they should have some of the advantages the Frenchman possessed . ( Loud cheers . )
The question was now put , when'the Chair decided hi favour of the " Ayes . " A division was asked for , when twenty-eight voted for the motion , and thirty-four against it : consequently the motion was lost . The 5 th section of the report was then read , and unanimously adopted . The Cth section was then submitted , When Mr . G . White , moved that it be postponed for the present , and a fit Committee be appointed to carry out the Cth section in the mean tiiuej This was seconded by Mr . Robson . After some observations from Messrs . Fleming and Evans—the time having arrived for adjournment , The Secretary called the names of the delegates , and the Conference adjourned until half past nine on Friday morning .
FOURTH DAY'S SITTING—Pbidat , Maech 28 . T . S . Buncombe , Esq ., M . P ., resumed the chair at ten o ' clock precisely . The Secretary read letters from the United Trades of Worcester , from Birkenhead , and Edinburgh , all pledging themselves to the support ofthe measures of Conference the letter from Edinburgh enclosing an order for £ 1 to aid in the liquidation of the expenses of the Conference ' Mr . Firth Plasterer , moved , » That aU votes henceforth be recorded . " After some discussion the motion was withdrawn Mr . GL White moved , " That the names of the dele-Bates who voted on the ithsectionof the Report be printed and circulated . " Carried . The 6 th section of the Report was then taken into consideration .
Mr . G . A . Fleming , Hatter , Denton , said the question , he apprehended , was whether the Committee should prepare a constitution . He thought this should be decided
National Conference Of Trades , In Accor...
on at starting . He approved of forming a constitution , leaving it to the various Trades to carry it into operation as they thought fit . Mr . Pasquil , Miner , would move , to leave out all about the Land , and instead thereof insert the words " giving practical effect to the growing desire for a General Union . " Lancashire was not yet prepared for the Land question . Mr . Cornish , Woolstapler , thought Mr . Fleming ' s remarks exceedingly good , and would support Mr . Pasquil ' s motion . Mr . G . White , Wooleomber , hoped the amendment would be defeated . He did not think it right to destroy the hopes of tons of thousands of men who were looking to the Land as the resource and protection for the surplus labour to faU back upon . Mr . Cornish had misunderstood Mr . Pasquil , and would withdraw his support .
Mr . Dunning had a desire to see a General Union es- a tablished , but had no desire to prevent any trade from t adopting the Land question : the more prosperous other t Trades were , the better for the Bookbinders . t Mr . Pasquil withdrew his proposition . ^ Mr . George White , Wooleomber , Bradford , moved the the following : — " That the consideration of the 6 th resolution be post- g poned ; and a Committee of seven be now appointed to collect the views of the delegates present on the matters r referred to in the sixth paragraph , and to found resolu- „ tions thereon , so that the opinions of all may be condensed n and fairly laid before the country . " a He was not in favour of allowing a Committee to draw up ^ a constitution , he thought the Conference itself should jj do that . s Mr . J . Skelton would support the views of the Com- B mirfnn o t
Mr . Cornish , Woolstapler , thoug ht the Conference could j not devote time to the carrying out of Mr . White's view . ; Mr . Wm . Evans , Potter , thought they should go into j the discussion of the Land question immediately . Mr . Robson , Ladies' Shoemaker , was inclined to sup- port Mr . White ' s amendment , but if the discussion on the question could now be taken , it would meet his views . The amendment was then put , and n .-gatived . Mr . Taylor , Plumber , Manchester , proposed that in- stead of the words " legalising the proceedings , " they should insert "to legalise Trades' Unions . "—Several delegates suggested that Trades' Unions were at present legal . —Tho Chairman said , were this amendment carried , the inference would be that Trades' Unions were now ! illegal . He would suggest that this amendment be . not put . | Mr . B . Riley , Plasterer , said the Trades of Manchester were not yet prepared for the Land question . He thought thev had better consolidate all the Trades first . j
Mr . Gardener , Morocco Leather Finisher , said tli question as to a General Umon was already carried , an ho saw no good in debating the question over again . Mr . Dunning could not understand that the Conferenc had any desire to interfere with Local Societies , or thei funds . A General Union for general purposes was a ! that was required , and if any had the means and the wil to go on the Land , it was the duty of the Conference t assist them , as far as practicable . Mr . Tnyloi'witkuiew his amendment . Mr . Prior , Tailor , was rather surprised that they ha < been so long in getting at this question . He thought tin section embraced two propositions—namely , the Land
and other means of employing the surplus labour—tlu object here aimed at , and which had been before attempted . His experience now told him ( Mr . Pt ) that had the Trades understood the matter , it would have succeeded . The Tailors , the body represented , had formed a joint stock company , and with a fund raised , had employed their unemployed hands , exchanging their labour with the unemployed of other Trades . They had executed a contract by this moans to the amount . of £ 150 . If they had possessed Land at the same time , and been enabled to " obtain the first necessary of life on their own account , ho had no doubt their success would have been ample .
The Chairman suggested that the word " plan" should be adopted instead of tho word " constitution ; " which was unanimously adopted . The 6 th section was then put , and carried ^ nanimously . : . ' Mr . G . White , Wooleomber , then moved—" That this Conference , recommend to aU Trades the propriety of becoming . the possessors of their own labour , and that we ; -recommend the various Trades to establish manufactories , and stores to supply themselves with provisions , the profits arising therefrom to be devoted to the purchase ofland on which to employ surplus labour . " He said his trade had already adopted a plan of this descript ion , and he believed it to . be an excellent means by which they could benefit their condition , aud enjoy the full advantage of their own labour .
Mr . J . Skelton , Shoemaker , most cordially seconded the proposition . He thought this a means of making Trades ' Unions really useful . The growing feeling in favour ofthe land , gave him much pleasure . The laud was the source from whicli everything sprung ; and it was necessary that they should show their constituents hew they might become possessed of it . Mr . Skelton quoted statistics from M'Culloch and Porter , to show how machinery had forced the Cotton Spinners into other Trades , and ultimately caused a surplus of labour in the market . Consequently there had been a great decrease in tho amount of wages ; and hence the necessity of finding other means of employment , What other means had they but the Land ? unless effective measures were adopted starvation must be the result , as the statements made by the Weavers yesterday fully proved . They said , " Give us anything : you cannot make our condition worse . " [ LEFT SPEAKING . ]
^ The Northern Star. March 29, Lfra
^ THE NORTHERN STAR . March 29 , lfra
The Salt-Hill Murder. Ayr.Bauunr, Tjicns...
THE SALT-HILL MURDER . Ayr . Bauunr , TjicnsbAY Evemxg . > The convict yesterday passed a restless night , a circumstance which he attributes to having taken final leave of his wife . He is now perfectly aware that his doom is fixed for to-morrow morning . Upon his being asked whether he was acquainted with what would soon occur , he said , " Yes , I suppose tomorrow is the day ; I thought as much . Well , I have no complaint to make . " He did not appear to be unusually cast down ; indeed , he has expressed hissatisfaction
that the event is so close at hand , and that his friends will be soon relieved from their present harassing position . Not a line lias been received by the authorities to interrupt the regular course of the law , although great exertions have been made in high quarters in favour of the prisoner . The Queen , Sir James Graham , and Baron Parke , have been petitioned ; but the summing up of tlie latter seems to have shut out all grounds for interference , and the extremejpenalty ofthe law will be paid by the convict to-morrow morning , at eight o ' clock . Caleraft , the executioner , comes down to-night by the last train .
Powder Mill Explosion . —On Tuesday night , about half-past eleven o ' clock , an explosion took ? lace at one of the powder-mills belonging to Sir Ienry Brydges , and situated on Ewell Marsh . Fortunately there were no men at work at the time , and the damage was confined to the blowing off of the roof . These explosions are of frequent occurrence , and it is seldom that they can be satisfactorily accounted for . Destructive Fire at Liverpool . — Friday . A destructive fire occurred in this town yesterday afternoon , which destroyed the valuable land extensive manufactory , or laboratory , in connection with the Apothecaries ' -hall , injured portions of the adjacent property , and , for a time , threatened the main
building ofthe Hall itself , a large and handsome building , the public department of which is , we believe , the finest in the country . The origin of the fire has not yet been ascertained . It commenced in the cellar of the laboratory , containing oils , and shortly after the whole building was involved in flame . Happily the workmen on tho premises had tunc to escape . The building is four stories high , at the corner of Woodstreet , immediately in the rear of the main structure , but separated from it by Back Colquit-street , which is about eight yards wide . The fire was first observed by a labouring man named Dilston , about half-past three o ' clock . He was at work in the third story when he observed a dense smoke in the room . Short as was the interval between the alarm beine
given and the arrival ofthe engines , yet it was found utterly useless to attempt to save the laboratory . The exertions of the firemen were therefore judiciously directed in protecting the premises adjoining . Whilst arrangements were being made and carried out for the preservation of the property of the premises adjoining , the fire itself was burning with unexampled fury . The story in which it broke out was filled with an immense quantity of castor oil , almond oil , and balsam of capoevi , all highly inflammable substances . In the top story there was a large quantity of empty castor oil packing-oases , whilst the other stories contained a vast variety of chemicals and drugs more or less mflammable . It need scarcely be wondered then , that the flames progressed with tho
greatest rapidity and intensity . Parties who saw the breaking out of the fire state , that first there issued a dense black smoke , and then , as if bv a simultaneous movement , the Barnes burst forth from pvery window Almost in a second the wholo building ; was in a blaze . Those who were not on the SE ? t scarcelycredittheeffectof the heat . The eyes of individuals who stood at least forty yards from the building , and m a contrary direction to the wind were severely scorched . A better idea of a volcanic eruption , perhaps , could not be given . The roaring ot the flames as they ascended hundreds of feet above the walls had a most overpowering effect upon the spectators , many of whom shrunk back in terror . About a quarter to five o ' clock there was a terrific explosion , as of a thousand rockets , and the flames
rose higher than ever . Volumes of densel y black smoke then made their appearance . Tnis was followed by a second rusk of brilliant red flame , and then a third , which was succeeded by a discharge of light green vapour . The flames on these occasions reached across Wood-street , and ignited tlie back of the Bold-street premises , which were at some distance Ladders were immediately raised to the walls by tho exertions of the firemen , and in this direction the fire was soon subdued , although a chimney of one of tho houses which appeared to have been ignited bv some of the flakes of red hot fire which were aoatine about in the air , oontmued to bum for some time The roof stood much longer than could have been anticipated , and the molten lead was seen running from it in great quantities . The warehouse wal topped by large heavy free-stone cornices . These bv the great heat , were soon cracked , and they feu to
The Salt-Hill Murder. Ayr.Bauunr, Tjicns...
tho ground with tremendous crashes , great :, ondann gering the lives of the officers who were standinfl ! below . It is a matter of great satisfaction !! however , to be enabled to state that nnw the slightest accident occurred to life or HmhT The loss is roughly estimated , includin g buildi 3 ' stock , and machinery , there being a gnndine mfini and steam-engine on the ground-floor , besides otW valuable pieces of machinery , at £ 50 , 000 and understand that the greater portion is insurVil ;„ «!' ' 6 Manchester , West of England , Phamk , a „ d Inii , office . The origin of the fire at present * , w Wl ' mystery . It is stated that , in the third sto » T the smoke was first observed , there Lad W ., ' „„ « ree used that day , nothing but the stcani-ninPS V , ^
round tlie ouuaing . Mr . super ntend * nfr > saw the laboratory at twenty-fiv e abEto r ' ? im and then there were no symptoms of fhv n e » •' o have burst forth instantaneously ?| M ap P ^ J blackened walls are now the only remans ,, ?«• * ovx : buCding , if wc except tho tall chimney 41 , \ IT fiiw 5 veying the smoke from the furnace . or cotu * Infanticide and Suicide . -Mancuestfu t „ —On Monday last a horrid case of i & tfeT "'' subsequent suicide was discovered to have bol attl 1 [ petrated in Hampson-strect , Miles Platin -nW ? *' miles from this town . The deceased was ^ 0 ' years of age , the wile oi a respectable woikii ,, uaii named John Fanhurst , towhom shehad been m , „ ! about two years . About a month aCst ™ , " toms of insanity became apparent , and her l ? , Sf ? ; had intimated his intention of niacin * ho , „ i ld straint . When the intention of he ? £ b , „ i " ^ made known to her she became very much ah- ^^ and often spoke of it . She promised never t ' n I . ' her child , provided she was allowed to rein , ; ,, f" ! , it . This the husband promised todo , aJH ? iS nine to
. | j , ( ^ j j 1 ( , sue conunueu improve . About ( Juw i ago she was seen walking round the eve nfM ! ' ° u coal-pit , with her child in her aii ' ay * f old then thought she contemplate ! 1 W uW , „ J ; wa l herself and infant ; but fearing sKt ^ , ? f she returned home . On Mondav lis abam - ' o ' clock a neighbour called to seelier , buR & ftR door locked , and the key inside . On looking 5 mlSh the window she saw the deceased standbl * o mu « floor , with the child over her left arm and « JL , t her right hand . She opened tlie door , ami u & Z poison in , who asked if she was " poorlv ? " s » said not , and denied that tho door had Iiecn ' iocked Mrs . . Shelmudine remained with her about a ( iuait > , ' oi an hour , ami then left the house , not susiV-eiir'i anything the matter . In about half an boura & e ? wards an . alarm was given that she had committed suicide by hanging herself , and was suspended bv i ropo from a nail , wnich had boon driven into . il ^ Ji uie \
vx purpose . « jiu \ e \ m \ y being cut down <» , carried upstairs by her sister and a man who ' hid come to her assistance , the child , a girl about H months old , was also found suspended from flic bed rail , and quite dead . On Wedncsdav an iimuest ' held on view of the bodies , when the above facts were given in evidence . Verdict—Temporary insanity , Executiox of James Tapping . —James Tannin * who atthe last sessionsof the Central Criminal Court was convicted ofthe wilful murder of Emma Whiter at Bctlmal-grecn , by shooting her with a pistol " expiated his offence on Monday morning , bv snfferin * on the drop in the front of Newgate , in tlie presence of a concourse of some 5000 or 6000 persons . It had been expected that tho crowd , from the fact of ife being holiday time , would be unusually large , and strong barriers had , as usual , been erected to urevent
accidents . This was not , however , the fact , for the assemblage was smaller than in the generality of such cases . The wretched man , who had all alon » preserved his firmness and self-possession in a verv remarkable degree , and had almost up to the laat persisted in denying that he shot the girl Whiter rose shortly after five o ' clock in the morning aud wrote a letter taking leave of his brothel's andsfstcra He was subsequently visited by the Rev . Mr . Davis the ordinary of the prison , who has boon most assiduous in his attentions to him since his conviction , and most earnest in his exhortations that he would confess his crime and seek for pardon through the atonement ofthe Saviour . The prisoner to the ' verv last , however
evaded the question , and although by his lansuage and his frequent repetition of the words , "Ihope God will forgive me , as' I forgive every one else , " Mr . Davis was induced to look upon this as vMuallv an acknowledgment of his guilt , lie did not make any direct confession . Shortly before seven o ' clock breakfast was sent in for the * prisoner and the two persons , named Humphrey and Abdale , who were with him . On its arrival he said to Humphrey , " Now I shall recommend you and your colleague to make a good breakfast , for I mean to do so . " This was mildly and coolly said ; and there was nothing of levity in his manner of saying it . A hearty breakfast , indeed , he did make ; for ho took
two cups of coflee and two cups of tea , and ate two rolls and a round of toast . A tittle after seven , the Rev . Mr . Davis visited him , accompanied by the sheriffs Sidney and Hunter , and the undersheriffs Marten and Ashurst , and two or three other persons . The rev . gentleman and the shcriffis urged , upon him the awful situation in which he stood , and the necessity of his confessing his crime , and endeavouring to make his peace with an offended God . He assented to what was said , but made no disclosure . The sheriffs , under sheriffs , and other persons present then retired , leaving hbii with the rev . gentleman only , who prayed with him for some time . At about a quarter before eisrht o ' clock the
sheriffs again , entered the cell , and took leave of their prisoner , shaking him by the hand , and expressing to him their hope that he Avould find forgiveness with his Heavenly Father . Sheriff Sidney , as the last words he should address toliim , urged upon him the awful change he was about to undergo , and entreated him to repent . He replied , " Yes , I know what you moan ; I understand ; " and appeared vorv sensible of the kindness ho had received since his incarceration . In a few minutes after this , Caleraft , the executioner , entered the cell , and performed the operation of pinioning , whieh the prisoner bore with great fortitude . A sort of gasping for breath , and an intense dilation and brilliancy of the pupil of the eve
nevertheless showed that he laboured under very great mental excitement ; and the ordinarv stated that he was obliged to be exceedingl y careful in his manner of addressing him , on account of the great excitability to whicli he otherwise became a prev . tthen the collar of his shirt was turned down , ' it discovered a mark on his neck of a wound , which he had , according to his own statement , mulcted in an attempt to commit suicide previously to his coming to Ivewgate . All being now in readiness , the shcrifli and under sheriffs once more took leave of him , and he thereupon said— "Ihave one request to make , which I hope will not be denied me . " The sheriffc asked him what it was ? He replied . " I have
something whicli I wish to say on the scaffold . " One ot the functionaries present said , " Had you not better say it here ? There are persons present connected with the press by whom it will be made known , and I think you had better say it here . " The prisoner , with a look of entreaty , answered " No , sir ; I wish to say it on the scaffold . It is my last request , and I hope it will not be refused me . " The sheriffs thai at once said his wish should be complied with , and the procession moved along through the different yards and apartments leading from tlie cell to the scaffold , the rev . ordinary reading the customary portion of the burial service , while the chapel bell tolled the knoll of death . The firmness of
the prisoners step , and his entire sclt-posscsioii during this awful period , were extraordinary . Whatever might be his mental sufferings , it was quite evident that his bodily strength and physical energies never for a moment failed him . It had been expected , from the request that he made , that h « was about to , address the people from the scaffold ; but on his arrival there he walked deliberately forward , and bowed . tb . ree times in a somewhat theatrical manner , turning his body first to the west , then to tlifl south , and lastly to the north , ivhile the pomdatt cheered and clapped their hands . AU tliis was dons with the coolness and much of the manner of ait itinerant player or ouaek dnmw v « a , n ,. u . ™ « f . i
person the next moment to be launchedinto eternity . But neither bravado nor levity was intended bv the prisoner ; and it was apparent that he did intend to say something to tlie mob , but that his heart or tongue failed him . As soon as he had thus bowed he S £ h % i wltl til « chaplain , and said , "I fc # . th 8 JU 8 tice of my sentence , and hope ZTf i i i Slve , me «? 3 t f 01 ? every one else . " Ha next slwok hands with Sheriff Sidney , and fervently Kissed his hand as he parted from him . The cap was immediately drawn over his face , the rope adjusted , and the unfortunate fellow , whose firm nerves sustained him to the last , was turned off , and died without a struggle . After hanging the usual tintf the body was cut down , and was buried ill that portion ot the prison in which the bodies of Gieenacte ,
Courvoisier , Blakesley , and others , who have sufferedtor the crime of murder , lie interred . The cell which this wretched man left for the scaffold * tf immediately under that . occupied by Thomas Hocfc' - Alter the execution was over the great mass of the crowd quietly dispersed , but some remained untd atter the body had been cut down , and the scatlP removed . The prisoner was only 22 years of age , if a young man of rather prepossessing appearance . I « wore a black velveteen shooting-jacket and g « y striped trousers , and had a very clean and neat-f pearance . The present destitute state of the culpr it * family has excited a feeling of much commiseration and a subscription has been set on foot amongst the tradesmen in Bethnal-greea to in some war alien * their sufferings .
Printed By Dou6al M'Gowan, Of 17, Great Win** Street, Haymarket, In The City Of Westminster, At»«
Printed by DOU 6 AL M'GOWAN , of 17 , Great Win ** Street , Haymarket , in the City of Westminster , at »«
Umeem The Same Street And Parish, For Th...
umeem the same Street and Parish , for the rw prietor , FEARGUS O'CONNOR , Es ^ and published *' William Hewitt , of No . 18 , Charles-street , BranW street , Walworth , in the Parish of St . Mary , A ' »* " ton , in the County of Surrey , at the Office , No . *' Strand , in the Parishj of St . Mary-le-Straad ^ k ^ l Qity of Westminster Saturday , March 29 . 1845 .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), March 29, 1845, page 8, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_29031845/page/8/
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