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R ; T" ^aptiT TjR N STAR. December 29, 1...
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Mb. OASTLER OX FREE TRADE ASD EMIGRATION...
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Uxfeeuxg Imposition.—About twelve months...
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Mli. SHARMAN CRAWFORD'S ARGUMENT FOR IRE...
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Swlic ^muaetmitta
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THE POLYTECHNIC. , This institution has ...
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COLOSSEUM AND CYCLORAMA. The Colosseum m...
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STANDARD THEATRE. IlarUqtun and the Magi...
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Death of the Right Rev. Bishop Omen,,,,,...
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axmm,
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COM. Mask-lane, Monday, December 24.—The...
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Printed by WILLIAM RIDER, oWo. 5, Macclesfield-strcct , in the parish of St. Anne, iVestraiiistsr, at the Priming-
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omcc, ib , uveat Windmill-street , llaym...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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R ; T" ^Aptit Tjr N Star. December 29, 1...
R ; T" ^ aptiT TjR N STAR . December 29 , 1849 .
Mb. Oastler Ox Free Trade Asd Emigration...
Mb . OASTLER OX FREE TRADE ASD EMIGRATION . Broadstairs , Kent . Dec , 17 , 1849 . Deau Sin , —Your letter of the 13 th inst . was received on Saturday last . I thank you for the many expressions of kindness therein , and for the oft-repeated proofs you gave me of your confidence in my judgment , and in my earnest desire to be of service ta the working classes . Always remember . I hold it to be true , beyond the power of change , that , although one class may , for awhile , seem to triumph over another , in the end it will be demonstrated by experience and fact , that "the triumph of thc wicked is short ; " and that the true interest of each and every class is identical , none being able to say to another , " 1 have no need of thee . " Hence , allare dependent one upon another : and the slightest wrong done to the weakest
member of society , must inflict an injury on all . But this is far from being the accepted doctrine of our age ! We have been taught , and , unhappily , not only the government , but the people also , have imbibed the destructive notion , that each one is to consider himself as divided from his neighbour , and , without reference to the right of others , he is to seek his own independence . Say , so utterly regardless have wc become of tbe truth as it is revealed to us by God himself , that we deny there is any evil in ns , and assert tliat our selfishness and covertousness , winch God abhors , are cardinal virtues ; and that in their unbounded indulgence , we are sure to be the benefactors of mankind , and that any restraint on our cupidity is contrary to the dictates of ' common sense . "
Do not start , my friend ; I speak the words of truth and soberness . " Who is the great apostle of this ? On the evidence ofSirKobert Peel—Richard Cobden . Who is the author of his creed ! He says—Adam Smith . Bead , my dear sir , the anti-Christian doctrine taught by Adam Smith . Ue positively asserts ( but mark , be nowhere demonstrated , ) "Every individual is continually exerting himself to find out tbe most adventigeoas employment for whatever capital he can command ; although it is his own advantage , and not that of society , that he has in view , yet that , the study of his own advantage , naturally , or rather , necessarily , leads him to prefer that employment which is most advantageous to society . " If that be true , all laws to restrain a man in any attempt to enrich himself ate , in their very
nature , bad—useless . Yet , on the belief of thatbare assertion—an assertion in direct contradiction to the truth of God—an assertion that receives its refutation a thousand times a day—our laws have undergone an entire change ! and we are now taught , that every arrangement for the purpose of regulating supply and demand , so as to encourage the mutual exchange of our domestic productions , and thus secure a fair remunerating value for each , is a direct attack upon the independence of every individual who , without regard to any " duty to his neighbour , " it is said and believed , has a right , "to buy at the cheapest market and sell at the dearest market ; " and in so doing , we are assured , he must be rich , and will " necessarily prefer that employment for his capital that is most advantageous to society !"
Such , my dear sir , is the only foundation on which the scheme called free trade rests . Its apostle does not believe in it ! No matter . De has persuaded the people of this age to accept that lie —in the place of Christianity—and now the fate of every class , and of each individual , is cast upon that die . It matters not , whether the employment be on land or sea—at borne or in the colonies—at the plough or the loom—at the desk or the counterall must sink under the pressure of that weight ! Why am I writing to you in this strain ? Simply ,
because you say , " I am of opinion that before any permanent good is done for the working classes , they them-elves must will it" Sow , I am as sure as I am of my existence , that , under tbe operation of free trade , no good can come to the working classes . They arc all sellers first—" selling cheap " can never be good for them ! The tradesman who is taught to buy their labour clteap ( nay , under the working of free trade he is forced to do so , even against his will . ) is also instructed , by way of " employing his capital most advantageously to society , " "to sell dear 2 "
I need not ten yon of the ad vantage that is taken of poverty in the free trade market ! AU England is now ringing with the dismal tales thereof . Yet , nndc-r that destructive system , it must be so . And though hundreds of thousands of abject wretches may be persuaded to emigrate , their places will ajain soon be filled by other victims to the fell principle of free action . Yes : any how , the mere working-man , the artisan , the labourer , whose only stock is his labour , and whose only capital is his wages , mutt be a loser by universal cheapness . He must sell all his stock before he can buy anything ; and , when forei gn goods arc introduced for consumption , instead of those on which he was employed , his loss of labour —his strife against poverty—his moving about in
search of employment—his having at last to learn a new occupation—the pains , thc anguish , he mutt undergo , in what is called " being absorbed in other industrial pursuits , " are such as no " money gains" can compensate . He is no longer sustained by hope ; wherever he goes the greedy monster competition meets him ; bis heart breaks , or in the bitterness of despair he yields to thc persuasions of those who advise him to emigrate ! And who can tell tbe agonising sufferings of the vast majority of those who are thus driven from their native land ? Remember , however , emigration is a necessary part of the grand scheme of free-trade . It has ever been a pet nostrum with'the self-styled philosophers . Thc wretches who are driven into the most abject state of poverty ( by the confusion
created in society on the introduction of the produce of other people ' s labour , in the place of theirs ) , are an indecent plague-spot , that muit be removed out of sight , and , as our " capitalists bare invested largely in the colonies , " it is hoped that "the benevolent" will raise a fund to remove so much misery from our own land , aud thus enable " thc lucky holders of large tracts to buy the labour of those wretched victims at a cheap rate in the colonies . " Before we impiously assert that God has left our people without the means of providing food , raiment , and homes , should we not yield obedience to His laws , and not . by open rebellion against the Hiuhest make such insane commercial arrangements , as must , in their very nature , deprive our people ofthe means of subsistence , by destroying the value cf their labour ?
Wc are now more cruel than was Marcus . He recommended that , by way of apportioning tbe months to thc food , a certain proportion of the * ItildrtiVi > f < hc }> ooT should , with their first breath , inhale a deadly gas , and thus breathe their last . We force them to linger in penury and destitution till their hearts are broken , and then , " most benevolently , " require them to submit to transportation ! Is ' it not , to say the least , impertinent , tliat those who have displaced their labour here , by introducing that of foreigners , should now demand their exile ? Is it not a proof of dishonesty or insanity , when those who said , a year or two ago , " We must have food for tbe people from abroad , because wc are too many 1 "—now , that the food is come , to spend
themoney required topiy for it , in removmgtbe very people that were to consume it ? But , remember , all this terrible waste was sanctioned by the working classes of London ' . llow say you ? You are a London workingman , whose labour has been sadly reduced in value by foreign competition . Dow say you now—are the working classes still the dupes of Mr . Cobdm ? Or will they hear the voice of reason that tells themnot anything can be cheap to a working man , that yields not a sufficiency of wages for the producer ' s necessities and comforts ? If so—to the point . Your declaration set me a thinking how can I now best promote the true interest of the working classes ?
It strikes me if they would listen I conld prove that they have heen the dupes of Mr . Cobden , who himself I can prove does act believe in the principles of Free Trade . It is clear , that , although 3 dr . Cobden prevailed upon Sir Robert Peel and the members of the Bouse of Commons , to believe that Adam Smith had demonstrated the truth of the free trade theory , Adam Smith has done no such thing . It is also clear that , although Mr . Cobden and Sir R . Peel assert , " Common sense dictates that the way to become rich is to buy at the cheapest market , and sell at thc dearest market , " yet , plausible as the doctrine seems , ft is untrue . - else , Ireland srould now be the richest country in thc world , aaving for the last half eenturv , bou-xht her labour
at the cheapest market , and sold her produce at the dearest market in the world ! Why , then , is she poor ? Because she has exported what she ought to fiats consumed in exchange for other domestic productions . Oh , but the ready reply is , "Absenteeism feas impoverished Ireland . " Always remember , absenteeism is in strict accordance with free trade principles—the " Philosophers" of that school teach , it matters not where the money is spent , it mutt return again to enrich the place from which it came . " Gh , but it is the famine 3 " cry others . Thc strongest proof that can be given of Ireland ' s previous poverty is , the famine—so called . Could
a blight in potatoes have produced a famine , where the people could have purchased corn mutton pork , and beef ? During all that '' famine , " Ireland was exporting immense quantities of such like food , because her inhabitants were too poor to purchase it . If the system of emigration be an enriching process , Ireland cannot be poor—she has been dosed to repletion by that free trade safety-valve . Say , tbea , what yon may . Ireland is reduced to poverty , " by buying at the cheapest market and selling at the 4 earcst market . " Ah I my good friend , it is true , although the proud selt-stylei philosophers will not believe it
Mb. Oastler Ox Free Trade Asd Emigration...
' * There is a iva ' J which seemetli right unto ntan , Out the end thereof are the ways of death . " We , in England , are now pursuing the same g ame : persuading ourselves that our own products are dear : wc buy for our own consumption what we call cheap productions , we then export millions of pounds' worth of goods , which we ought to be consuming in exchange for other home productions , preferring to drive such home producers to the workhouse , to emigration , or to the hulks—resolving , however sure their trust may be in the Lord , however good in their lives , however industrious in
their habits , they shall not " dwell in the laud , " to be fed by the fruits of their labour . All these facts are in the range of proof . Will the working classes of London be persuaded ? or would they hiss and boot , and by their clamour put to silence the man who ventured on such proof ? Have they forgotten the delusive promises ofthe Free Traders ? " Plenty of work at high wages !" " Two masters bidding against each other , for one man ! " Have the shopkeepers forgotten their promised harvest under free trade ? " Double profits , and double returns !*
Again , wc were told by the Free Traders— " We should save eighty to one hundred millions of pounds a year , by the introduction of tha single article of corn i" But , where now is that immense sum of money ? Have the manufacturers secured it ? So ; they lire working short time , * and the universal cry from them is—Lost ! Loss ! LOSS ! " Is it in the hands ofthe merchants ?—Thqy declare the balance is on the wrong side . Do the tills ofthe shopkeepers tingle with gold , instead of silver ?—Ah , no ; one of them told me the other day , "Silver has taken the place of gold . " It is allowed the landlords and farmers have no longer pocketed that sum . Is , then , that large promised amount in the hands of your ocder—the working classes ? Have they secured the great boon ?—The workhouses ,
the prisons , the streets , the lanes , the desolate homes , thc hordes of homeless wanderers answer , So ! Well then , have the colonists secured thc prize ? Theyare rci . ved . The tinselled bubble is indeed burst . It has gendered poverty instead of wealth . Jfow the Free Traders exclaim , " We have paid too dearly forour whistle ; we are so paor we cannot pay our taxes Nay , we cannot even sustain our population !" Why all this poverty , wretchedness , and desolation ? We have given the fruits of our industry to foreigners . What say you my friend—will the working classes , of London listen to the truth on these matters ? Or are they still resolved to persist in an universal "breadand cheese" warfare ; each department of English industry resolving to buv the produce of
every other department at the cheapest foreign price —cutting each others' throats under the banner of universal competition , led on by men everlastingly shouting " Peace , peace , " while they carry strife , poverty , and death into every cottage ? If you believe that tbe members of your order in London are willing to hear the truth on these points , and _ are prepared to lay aside all party and sectarian prejudices—to join hand and heart , with au , engaged in the productive , agricultural , manufacturing , mercantile , shipping , and colonial interests of this vast empire ( on the principle that " The eye cannot toy unto the hand , lhavc no need of thee , nor again Hie head to the feet , J have no need of you . " ) in procuring such regulations as are possible and necessary , to give its true value to the labour and skill of each ; let me hear you say so . I shall then have hope for my country !
What nobler employment for the working classes ofthe metropolis of this vast empire can there be , than to roll back thatoverswelling wave of poverty , wretchedness , devastation , and death—which now , under the name of free trade is overwhelming all . 'than to eradicate that canker which is destroying the very life-blood ofthe whole people ! How I shall rejoice to spend my remaining energies in aiding that good work ! The very thought that it is poss £ ble thus to save our common country , makes me feel young again!—Believe me to be , dear sir , Yours , most truly ,. Richard Oastlrr . To Mr . W . Gurnell , Silk-weaver , 5 , Abbey-street , Bethnal-grcen-road . -London . P . S . —Send the poor to tbe colonies indeed ! Why , the very men who say so , know that the colonies are doomed by the " riding faction— " Tbe Manchester men ! " —R . 0 . * A gentleman who consumes as much cotton as any other , told me , a few weeks ago : — 'Sir George Grey was boasting to me about the prosperity ofthe cotton districts . I told Mm , it wis useless to talk to me in tliat wav , I knew we were losing money very fast , and were only " working four days a week—merely to keep oiir people from want ' R . O .
Uxfeeuxg Imposition.—About Twelve Months...
Uxfeeuxg Imposition . —About twelve months ago a native of the town of Wexford emigrated from Liverpool for America . He was extremel y poor , and found much difficulty in raising sufficient funds to pay his passage , his poverty compelling him to leave his wife and children behind him . Fortune , however , smiled on the poor emigrant on the other side of the Atlantic , and he was inabled about a month since , to remit a sum of £ 9 to his wife and family , with a view that they should join him in America . This sum was insufficient to enable the entire family to emigrate ; consequentl y one ofthe children was left behind , and the mother and two other children came to Liverpool , and
secured a passage on board an emigrant ship . Friendless and unprotected , the poor women placed herself in the hands of a " man-catcher , " who keeps a lodging-house in Regent-street . After paying her passage money and purchasing the provisions necessary for the voyage , through the agency ofthe man-catcher , thc poor woman had 10 s . left . Her agent was aware of this , and on the eve of her departure from his house , he requested her to accompany him into the street , as her presence was required on business connected with the voyage . The woman complied with the request , and immediately after leaving tho house she was asked , " How much money have you ? " " Ten shillings , " was the reply . In a moment after she was introduced to the shop of a tinman . She was desired to hand over thc ten shillings , which she did . Tins
for that amount were then ordered by the mancatcher , although they were of no earthly use to the woman and promptly supplied by the shopman . She was then conducted on board the vessel in which she had engaged her passage , without a penny in her pocket .. A little reflection convinced the poor woman that she had been victimised ; the tins she had got for ten shillings turned out not to be worth half the money ; and on making her complaint to a police-officer , who was unable to interfere , but who expressed his sympathy for her misfortune , she naively remained , "that amongst other articles , the man-catcher had bought her a lantern , but had not left her a farthing to buv a candle to put in it . " A commission of twenty-five percent , is allowed to this class of persons by a certain class of shopkeepers on the articles purchased in their shops by emigrants .
Sweating Moset . —A man and his wife have just been arrested at Belleville , charged with being engaged in sweating five franc pieces . At his residence were found files , graving tools , and other things necessary for carrying on his process . He confessed that he earned about thirty francs a week by film * down the rough edge of five franc pieces and re ° - stampmg thelctters . A money changer in the Hue St . Martin , to whom the filings were sold , has also been arrested . The purchases were rcularly entered down in his books , but without the real address ofthe seller being enregistered . —Galignani Blandford Agricul tural Socieit . —The annual meeting- of this society took place at the Crown uotei
, ciandtord , on Saturday last . This mcetinir being the last of a series of agricultural gathering held during this period ofthe year , and being generally very numerousl y attended by members of Parliament , and several gentlemen of influence , as well as a pretty strong muster ofthe yeomanry of Dorset , the proceedings are altogether regarded as of great importance . The financial matters of the society tenor been settled earl y in the dav , some discussion took place on a motion of Mr . Burt to rescind the following ruIe :- « Jfo politics shall be permitted to hei discussed at any meeting of the Society , as it is formed for the purpose of rewarding and encouraging industrious and faithful labour
er and servants , as well as for the improvement of agriculture , " on the "round that the ruinously low prices for agricultural produce , demanded a free expression ofthe opinion of those who were sufferers as to those political measures which had depressed prices to such an alarming extent ; and also that the much maligned county of Dorset miirht have an opportunity of speaking out , and replytog " to the J 35 ' i ^ !* news P P W Particular . The motion having been carried by a large majoritv the company proceeded to dinner . Sir John D'OylS t °° the chair . Mr . G . Bankes , M . Pthe Hon f'ef peakers .
^^^/ e s ^ . ^ MeTipoke %$%£ , *?"? - " He had realised a macninl cent fortune b y his free-trade agitation but he was « nmch a slave to free trade as the ^ S jJ to SSS ^^ SSSM Surali £ r % p mQ 5 t M ^^ eto the agri-¦ iwf ? Ir mf ""* ETER Tvorse .- " How are vou "A £ i / ° . d ° feeI to ^ y . Mr . SeSd ^ I was , and I don ' t St' am always worse *»* am goin ? 0 ff ? om ^ KV r nu 7 - I smdfatfier dvS %° I ? , ' ? ^*> '' 'ght after my everythmg \ d } 5 ^ pwtiSuIar but of folks . " h' -nerai . That s what finishes our ^ ffiiKf !^** : ?^^*^ ton and Sir Bladen Cape ] S ' S'r E 0 odnng-
Mli. Sharman Crawford's Argument For Ire...
Mli . SHARMAN CRAWFORD'S ARGUMENT FOR IRELAND . The following extracts are from a recent pamphlet by Mr . Shannau Crawford , ALP . ^ With reference to Belg ium . Mr . Mills says : " This is one of the most decisive examples ag ainst Enslisb prejudice . The soil ofthe provinces of 3 anS East Flanders and Daman consists a most wholly of a barren sand . The land of the SSptoe can be compared to nothing but sands on thS-shore . Heret hesmaU propnetoreoniinences with a small spot ; ho covers part with young broom ; part is planted with notpes . But manures , both soliS and liquid , are collecting ; and this is he nnlus from which , in afew years , a little farm
will spread around , and the cul ivator g raouaiij enlarging it by degrees , acquire that extent of productive soil which is necessary for his wants . And whv does he do this which no capitalist could think of doing ? Because he is working fo r himself , and has the certainty of enjoy ing that which his own labour shall create . On this subject Mr . Lamg makes the following observation : — " It is not an individual nor a generation that can reclaim a barren waste with advantage . . . . . Capital is thrown away , and labour is not repaid , unless a scanty subsistence lrom tho soil be a repayment
for the labour of cultivating it . Yet if it be- the labourer ' s own , he will put up with that recompense . Each succeeding generation is better off by the gradual improvements the soil from continued cultivation . .... The basis of this improvement ofthe uncultivated land of a country is undoubtedly population , settled as proprietors , and working on small garden-like portions from generation to generation . Largo operations , with outlay of capital , rarely succeed in reclaiming lands ,: and still more , rarely afford a real profit . The first operation in reclaiming land from a state of nature is certainly to plant it with men . "
The Belgian small holding system has been so often described , it is not necessary I should enter into details . The superior cultivation and comfort of the Belgian peasants cannot be disputed . Mr . Thornton , in his advocacy of peasant proprietors , refers to Switzerland ; he refers to the small holdings , and the combination of manufacturing earnings with the small occupancy ofthe soil ; and he quotes Dr . Bowring , as follows : —¦ " I am acquainted with no country in which prosperity has descended so low and spreadso widely as among the laborious classes of the Swiss manufacturing districts . I was surprised to find what large portions of them had , by their savings , acquired landed
property . ... I found in their habitations a mass of enjoyments such as are possessed by few of similar stations in other countries . " Mr . Thornton quotes Mr . Laing ' s description as follows : — " The great charm of Switzerland , next to its scenery , is the air of well-being , the neatness , the sense of propriety imprinted on the people , their dwellings , and their plots of land . " Mr . Thornton then states that there are exceptions in Switzerland ; that it is not free from pauperism ; but even the pauperism furnishes additional proof of the excellence of peasant proprietorship , for paupers are most rare where landed property is most divided , and are found in the greatest numbers in those districts which contain the largest estates . In the whole of the Engadine the land belongs to the peasantry ,
and in " no country of Europe , " says Mr . Inglis , " will be found so few poor as in the Engadme . There is not a foot of waste land in the Engadine , the lowest part of which is not much lower than the top of Snowdon . Wherever grass will grow , there it is ; wherever a rock will bear a blade , verdure is seen upon it ; wherever rye will succeed there it is cultivated . Barley and oats have also their appropriate spots ; and wherever it is possible to ripen a little patch of wheat the cultivation of it is attempted . The same description of the effects of small proprietorship is given with reference to the several other countries I have named , and therefore it may not be necessary to refer to them more particularly . But the Channel Islands afford so remarkable an example that they are deserving of an especial
notice . Mr . Le Quesne states that the area of Jersey is about 26 , 000 statute acres ; and that of Guernsey 15 , 360 . Deducting from each of these one-third for barren land , towns , and roads , there will remain fit for cultivation 10 , 210 acres in Guernsey , and 17 , 331 in Jersey . The population ( by the census of 1811 ) was 28 , 578 in Guernsey , and 47 , 510 in Jersey . The population taken in the wbole area is in
Guernsey , 1 , 190 to the square mile , and in Jersey , 1 , 188 : in England the population is about 300 to tbo square mile , in Scotland not quite 100 , aud in Ireland 250 ! So that the population of these islands is about four times as dense as England , nearly twelve times as dense as Scotland , and nearly five times denser than Ireland . With the exception of a few estates in Jersey , the average size of farms may be estimated at rather under eight acres . In Guernsey the average size is rather less .
Mr . Le Qucsne proceeds to state the condition of the islands as follows : — " The houses are substantial and stone-built , having a large hearth in the kitchen , on which a particular kind of seaweed is burnt for manure ; and hung in the broad chimney may be observed flitches of baeon . The owner of the estate and his family all work themselves , and rarely hire labourers . In the country parishes agricultural labourers are almost unknown . In the busy times of work the neighbours help each other both in working and ploughing . Care , industry , and economy are the characteristics of tho country people of the Channel Islands . In the Channel Islands the people are well clad ,
well leu , well housed . They have an interest , a proprietorship , in the soil they till , and can say with an honest pride , « This house and this land are mine ; I have inherited them from my fathers , or acquired them by my industry , and I shall transmit them to my children . '" Mr . Le Quesnc then refers to the objection that small peasant proprietorship leads to early marriages and excessive population . He denies this to be the case in the Channel Islands . He says early and improvident marriages are unknown . The children of a landowner , however small may be his property haveafeelingof respectabilityand moral pride / which they will not venture to lose by an early and
improvident marriage ; and a feeling of independence makes them scorn the idea of parochial assistance . The inhabitants import wheat from ifolland and Germany , and meat from Prance - , and they export various other things in place of these commodities . He states that the average rent of good land may be estimated at £ G , and its value at SloO per acre Mr . Thornton gives the following comparison of the production of the small farms of the peasant proprietor with the large farms of England . In the year 1837 , the average yield of wheat on the large farms of England was only twenty ^ one bushels , and the highest average for any county was no more than twenty-six bushels . For his authority he rewM * t * ble ,, Mcculloch ' s " Statistics ofthe British Empire , " vol . i ., p . 182 . The hi ghest
average since claimed for England , by a statement from the same authority , is thirty bushels . In Jersey the average produce of wheat per acre , bv official returns , in the year ending 1833 , was forty bushels . In Flanders the average yield of wheat was sta ed at thirty bushels . In Bel gium the average of barley is forty-five bushels , while in England it is only thirty-three bushels . But if further proofs be wanting of the superior production ot small holdings , " may be found in England among the allotment holders of a quarter of an acre , who \ f en draw a profit of £ 5 from that morsel of ground Mr . Mills makes tbe following observation as to the mode of living of the small Flemish holder , winch is applicable to peasant proprietors irenei-aDv
me blemish farmers and labourers live much more economically than the same class in England ; thev seldom eat meat except on Sundays and in harvest . Bu termilk and potatoes , . with brown bread , are their daily food It is on this kind of evidence that English travellers , as they hurry through Europe pronounce the peasantry of every country poor and miserable , its agricultural and social system a failure aud the English the onl y regim on which ln q U T are WC ! 1 ° f- They habltua V mistake he signs of economy for those of poverty . Again he remarks , quoting from Laing % "Xorwaf " " — Our agricultural writers tell us that wri ! Sfe «• »¦* better V as * Sm thanth
nn 2 ffi f , eywould beas proprietors . We have only the master ' s word for this . Ask the servant The colonis s told us the same thing of their slam If proper y , a good and desirable thing ! I S £ 2 t the smallest quantity is good and desrihlo TnH that the state of society inlhicl , * £ kTmo ? widelv £ S ? iS ? S }?* SS J ^ vtS ^ lSss KJ ? , T MMrion lu , tmm this taS aja-V ^ sw ^ t ^ as
wmwm we / fare . " ' * ° their moral . and ^^^ di 5 fnS ^ i ' -, ? nd the ° P ini ° « s of writers of to guished abilities which I have quoted s h ^ K to ^ iyr ° i r » ^ i ' Droved ? w S " ' ^ d Wl , ich I tr " st »& irly Hon nf H - * ^ ""PF ™* ^ dilion 0 f the popuhtion ofthe improved districts of the north « f fcf ™ in which the population is morV ^ E 2 It he S more minutely and generally subdivided as com pared with the distressed southern and western 3 S- " tricts , is caused by the difference in the rclationslfp
Mli. Sharman Crawford's Argument For Ire...
of landlord and tenant ; and more particularly by the security of tenure , for which the tenant-right custom affords a practical although not a legal security . I would , however , ask any person who still doubts on the subject , who still hesitates m reference to race or religion , whether he can believe that if the northern tenants were to change places with tbe southern and western , and bo subjected to the same system ot landlord and tenant , and the same want of security of tenure , they would be in their present prosperous condition , or would the best part of Ulster be improved as it now is ? ¦ , It next remains for me to prove the converse ot the last position , namely , that the miserable distressed population in the west and the south are
in that state owing to the absence of any security of tenure . '¦ . - ,., . ^ If my first position be admitted as proved , the second ( that which I now contend for ) would follow as a corollary from the first . But I do not desire to blink the question by taking advantage of that position ; I shall therefore offer those facts and arguments . which would be suitable to support tbe second position independently ofthe previous arguments on tho first . The tenantry occupying the soil of tbe west and south of Ireland are known b y tho name of a cottier tenantry . Now what is a cottier tenure 1 It is thus defined by Mr . Mills : — " By the general appellation of cottier tenure I shall designate all cases ,
without exception , in which the condition of tho contract , especially the amount of rent , are determined not by custom but by competition . . . . llent being regulated by competition , depends upon the relation between the demand for land and the supply of it . The demand for land depends upon the number of competitors , and the competitors are the whole rural population . . . . Rent in this state of things depends on the proportion between population and land ; as the land is a fixed quantity , while population has an unlimited power of increase ( and under this tenure there is no moral action to prevent its increase , ) the competition for land soon forces rent up to the highest point consistent with keeping the population alive . "
Under these circumstances , I hold it impossible to argue that these cottier tenants are free agents in dealing with the landowner for his land . It is well remarked by Mr . Laing , that such bargains are like the bargain and freewill of the passengers in a vessel stranded on the Goodwin * Sands , treating with the Deal boatmen to bring them to land . Sow if the foregoing definition of cottier tenantry be well considered and kept in mind , all the consequences which have resulted from that system in the west and south of Ireland will be the evident and necessary results of the system . We have it in the evidence from which 1 nave already quoted , that the practice of letting lands in the west and south was by competition . When a tenant was ejected , the lands were put up to be bid for ; and
thus the competition of the population was sought for and created , and acted upon in the letting ; and the successful competitor having usually bid without consideration of value , or of his means to pay according to his engagement , was always in the power of his landlord by arrear of rent . And if it suited the purpose of that landlord , a new competition could be created , and the lands let again to some new competitor , urged by the desire to obtain the means of living by tho occupation of the soil . Now , under such circumstances as these , it is plain , as is remarked by Mr . Mills , that any increased value given to the land by tho exertions of the tenant , would have no other effect but to raise the rent against himself , and so to afford an
inducement to the landlord for his dispossessment . The consequence is , that there can be no improvement , and therefore there can be no employment ; that the population are indolent , apathetic , and apparently lazy ; that they have not the sufficient means to support life , although those means could be procured from the soil by proper cultivation , and that , amidst accumulating pauperism , overwhelming rates , and non-payment of either rents or rates , the people are starving . The Irish cottier tenant is most truly described by Mr . Mills in the following words ' . —Almost alone among mankind , the Irish cottier is in this condition , that he can scarcely be any better or worse off by anv act of his own . If he was industrious or
prudent , nobody but his landlord would gam by it . If he is lazy or intemperate , it is at his landlord ' s axpense . A situation more devoid of motives either to labour or self-command , imagination itself cannot conceive . The inducements of free human heings are taken away , and those ofthe slave not substituted . He has nothing to hope and nothing to fear , except being dispossessed of bis holding , ' and against this he ui'oteete himself by the % tltimaratio of a defensive civil war . Bockism and Whiteboyism are the determination of a people ( who have nothing that can be called theirs but a daily meal of the lowest description of food , ) not to submit being deprived of that for other people ' s convenience . " I shall now close this part of tho argument . I
have quoted the authority of others rather than use arguments of my own , conceiving that the opinions of Mr . Mills and other able writers whom t I have quoted would be more influential than anything I could say myself ; and I trust that I have proved , to the satisfaction of every unprejudiced mind , that the relationship of landlord and ' tenant , as it now stands in the west and south , having a cottier tenantry paying rents charged by competition and by valuation or custom , and having no certain tenure , is the cause of all the poverty which is now overwhelming parts ofthe west and south l and which , if not checked , will ( more especially bj the operation of the poor rates ) spread its baneful influence to the more sound districts of the country , involving all in common ruin .
Swlic ^Muaetmitta
Swlic ^ muaetmitta
The Polytechnic. , This Institution Has ...
THE POLYTECHNIC . , This institution has been crowded to excess with visitors , who were both instructed and amused by the judicious arrangements of the proprietors . There were machinery and models exhibited and explained ; dissolving views of Rome and London in the 16 th century ; experiments under water with the diver and diving bell ; and lectures on chemistry , arid on the philosophy of scientific recreations . ¦ Dr . Bachhoffner , in illustration of the last-mentioned subject , exhibited practically the way in which some of the most surprising feats of legerdemain are performed ; and the chief modern wizards must look to their magic power if these lectures
continue . The bottle of water trick , which has so long been a mystery , was fully explained by him . He also performed the feat of freezing metallic vessels to the table b y means of Mr . Masters' newly invented apparatus , The large theatre was crowded to excess during all the performances within it , and the dissolving views of Loudon especially gave great satisfaction . The contrasts of London as it was in the 10 th century , and as it is now , were in truth very striking—and , being accompanied with shert and appropriate explanations , appeared to be recognised on all hands as the principal attraction in the programme . Altogether , the Polytechnic Institution seems to be in great and deserved favour as a place of holyday resort .
Colosseum And Cyclorama. The Colosseum M...
COLOSSEUM AND CYCLORAMA . The Colosseum maintains its first rank amongst those exhibitions which , to so large an extent , combine instruction with amusement . We know of no entertainment in the metropolis more edifying , or at the same time more amusing to both young and old . In the first place , the interior of the building , as well as the exterior , is grand and imposing , and in so far
prepares the minds ofthe youtig for the reception of those large ideas of which so many portions of the exhibition are suggestive ; and throughout the entire series of amusements , there is not one which could be pronounced petty , w devoid of a refining influence . 1 he attractions of the present season , which have been added since we last noticed this exhibition , incude yjewsofthe Polar Regions , the Ruins of NeUey Abbey , and a representation of Tchin Shan .
or bolden Island , in the Grand River of China . The interest felt by the public in the fate of Sir John franklin , by the recent return of Sir J . Ross from the 1 olar Regions , suggested the idea of the first of tnese views ; which has been very graphically pmnteoVonasmaU scale , by Messrs . Danson and Son Netley Abbey , near Southampton , will be remembered as being one of the most picturesque SnHd H EngIa ^* ? these attra ( » flas also work S - * 'P ^? " - modeI of a sil « r mine in Sn } - ' - ^ mtnearaes , and the manner of die-Wd raising the oar . The fig ures reDresentin ( , Z
mmers , are made to move about in their avocations ft SH ¥ »^ S nificent scel 7 0 V ?| e P £ "S ^ P ^ sents the majits destruction by irtlmS ^ -. 0 f Lisbon ^ terrors of the eaXSe tV" ^ f ' . . Tlje ° Pening Ireme , and araffiht t are " ^ wid in the exthe roWoft rsubte ? rlSn ? di , ng d - arkness . « " « effort of the faa 5 n 5 ff ? d 2 SS * * f quire 8 an senseof reality , f h ZS ? rather painful of scene painting , MSJZ — f u a raasterpiece to be impaired . ieawsan "" Pression not easil y
Accord ! ALEX'S , place of entertainSi « pectfttio " . this Popular the merry «* 2 ? Th ^ " n ually attracted f £ S ^ sK ^ g ^ ^ Vrs -- ^•^ staiffj ^ j
Colosseum And Cyclorama. The Colosseum M...
a crowded house , the " gods" fairly reached to the skies . The stirring scenes of the sportive tournament , and the deadly combat , the flashing of bright weapons , and the prancing of the fierce war-horses ; the career of a guilty usurper ( Mr . Crowther , ) unscrupulous as to the means where tho desired end could be obtained , contrasted with that of the true Knig ht de Ceurcy ( Mr . N . T . Hicks , ) real heir ; the constancy of the betrothed of tho De Courcy ( Miss E . Loveiny , ) and the fidelity and ingenuity of her attendant ( Mrs . Beacham , ) elicited expressions of approbation , which promised liberal indulgence for the pantomime , which followed the incomparable routine of Batty's fearless scenes of the circle , in whichfor the first time , Mdlle . Angele , from the
, Hippodrome , Paris , made her appearance , introducing her hig hly-trained steed " Sonera , " with the management of which she appeared both to surprise and delig ht every one . The pantomime is entitled J 7 arIeoutn Yankee Boodle , who came to toivn upon his little Pony , being " the perfectly new and entirely original Transatlantic and Britannic Libretto , by Nelson Lee , " It opened with a splendid scene portraying the " Bowers of Peace , " the fairy inhabitant being Peace herself , in the person of Mrs . Beacham , attended by two sprites—Mirth and Sport . Peace soon discovers Plenty ( Miss E . Lovedav . ) said to be a special and favourite
attendant of Britannia , and in the " Halls of Plenty , a most pleasing illusion , in which the real elfin steeds are introduced , the fairy Hope ( Mrs . Jackson ) anchors all over , and a full ship ' s company of fairy attendants appear to greet Britannia ( Miss Moreton Brooke ) as sue descends from her car on the waves and takes the command in chief . Young England ( Mr . W . H . Harvey ) " a pert young man and regular brick , " becomes acquainted with the goddess , who promises to promote his interest with a certain nigger lady , Miss Dinah a sister of Lucy Long , after which she retires for a time , assuring her subjects that
" If England and America keep fnends , 'tis clear , There will be peace and plenty all the year , " Another wooer of Miss Dinah then turns up , who is no other than Yankee Doodle ( Barry ) , who has come to London Town for the purpose of settling the business of Miss Dinah , but on his arrival , with his famous servant , Sam Slick , he finds all his plans thwarted by Young England . Although " tarnation cute , " Brother Jonathan somehow finds the Britishers of London too much for him , and at last he " calkilates" that he is only getting robbed , cheated , swindled , aud deceived on all aides . Britannia , however , resolves to give thc disconsolate son of Columbia another chance , and the usual transformations having been effected , the chase begins . The following are the characters of the harlequinade : —Harlequin , Mr . W . H . Harvey ; Columbine , Miss Louise Davidson ; Clown ,
Mr . Jackson ; Pantaloon , Mr . Craddock . The usual tricks and p Kes form the staple of tho fun , which was kept up with unflagging sp irit and vivacity . The new art of graphiology , or discerning characters from handwriting , the cheap excursion trains to the Continent , the early-closing movement , the opening ofthe Coal Exchange , the Row Polka , and other follies of the day were successively brought forward , and excited endless merriment . Some negro melodies were introduced , and a nigger dance was executed with some spirit , and a couple of comic songs from a special favourite at Astley ' s was imperatively demanded and obtained . The whole is closed with a magnificent tableau , representing Britannia ' s Water Palace the Fairy Queen being again surrounded by her friends Hope , Peace , Plenty , Mirth , and Sport , but she is in want of her best friend , Content . The house was crowded in every part ,
Standard Theatre. Ilaruqtun And The Magi...
STANDARD THEATRE . IlarUqtun and the Magic Tea Pot ; or , Chiki Skihi , King of the Golden Pagodas , has well sustai » d the reputation which this theatre now enjoys . The introduction commences with the Halls of Old Christmas , with the Head of Knowledge . The manager solicits a subject for his Pantomime , and the Genins of Invention taps his Head of Knowledge"for 'twill be odd , indeed , if there ' s not something in it , " The mouth expands , and shows a tableaux of a poor Needlewoman , eating her Christmas dinner—a red herring—thence passing to thc Shirt Seller's abode , who is discovered surrounded surrounded by every luxury of the season . The Shirt-Seller is also a Grocer , and they agree to send her
to China , We next are introduced to Hyson Souchong—the ci-devant Shirt Seller , preparing to visit Lucy Miggins , the Needlewoman ( Miss E . Terry )—she arrives at her humble abode , but , as heretofore , is rejected , and Souchong ia driven away by the needle ' s point . Peeling that sho will have no more work , she is about to take poison [ sloe-leaf tea ) , when the Mother O'Steam appears in her Magic Tea-Pot , and informs her that it is her destiny to wed the Prince of China , and thither she transports her . Determined to regain her , Souchong consults his friend , the Wizard Sloeleaf —an artful card —( Mr . Potter ) , who advises an aerial trip with Lieut . Gale , & c . Capital effect takes place of the ascension of the Royal Cremorne Balloon . We now arrive at China , and the Hall of tbe Hundred Pillars . Prince Yellow Ochre ( Mr . Saunders ) is about to be forced into marriage with
the Empeior ' s daughter , much against his own and bis mother ' s inclination , Queen Foofoofoozlcfat ( Mr . G . Herbert ) . Tho Prince and Lucy ( whom he has seen in his dreams ) meet , and vow " to part no more , " and they depart to meet the Bridal Procession , which takes' place in the Temple of the Golden Pagodas . Souchong is on their track , and claims Lucy . He is favoured by the Emperor , and when the peril of the lovers is put an end to , by the opportune arrival of the Mother O'Stcam , who transforms the lovers into Harlequin and Columbine , and tho Wizard Sloeleaf ( who is not to be done ) completes the pantomimic work by changing the Emperor and Souchong into a pair of clowns , and the Prince ' s mother into pantaloon . The pantomime is a successful hit , as is proved by the rapturous plaudits of crowded houses .
Ad00814
TRT ERE VOU DESPAIR . HOLLO WAY'S PILLS . Cure of Asthma . Extract of a Letter from Mr . Benjamin Maekie , a respectable Quaker , dated Creenagli , near Loughall , Ireland , dated September 11 th , 1848 . Respected Friend , —Thy excellent pills have effectually cured me of an asthma which afflicted me for three years to such an extent that I was obliged to walk my room at night for air , afraid of beine suffocated if I went to bed by cough and phlegm . Besides taking the pills I rubbed plenty of thy Ointment into my chest night and morning . — ( Signed ) Bexjahin Macsie . —T » Professor Hollow AT . Cure of Ti / phus Fever when supposed to be at the Point of Death .
Death Of The Right Rev. Bishop Omen,,,,,...
Death of the Right Rev . Bishop Omen ,,,,,.. The Right Rev Bishop Colerid ge eM Sfr ontlie 20 thinst . The veneratedffito 2 Sft tohisseat , Saiston , Ottery , on ThK ? ffiT the purpose of spending with his estimate fa „ i ° the Christmas season . About three o ' clock in J & afternoon on Friday the Bishop was out lookin- S the rums of St . Saviour ' s Brid ge , over the Otter shortly after which on his way home , and jU 8 a » he bad reached the farmhouse , his hind at Horsford . ) who resides there , asked him how he was . . Ho replied , « I feel very unwen u 0 ftf 0 V «? and immediately reeled , but Mr . Horsford cir him , and prevented the fall . Soon after this n Bishop expired . His sudden death is supposed to have been caused by the bursting of a bloodveswi in the heart . ^
Bab Sign ofthe Rest . —Mr . John O'Connellha * resumed attendance as a barrister at the l ? ou Courts , Dublin , and may daily be seen travewin » the hall in a wig and gown . . 5 A " speech cbiek" in Glasgow has been sen tenced to eight days' imprisonment for selling false accounts of mysterious " burkings" in that city Why the Scotch wear Kilts . —I slmll be off \ n the Highlands this fall ; but cuss ' em , they aint » ot no woods there—nothin' but heather ; aiid that '
s only high enough to tear your clothes . That ' s the reason why the Scotch don't wear no brccche ? They don ' t like to get ' em ragged up in that way for everlasting ; they can ' t afford it ; so they let ' cm scratch and tear their skin , for that will grow again , and trowscrs won't . —Sam Slick . Gratitude was fancifully said to be the memory ofthe heart ; but , alas for poor human nature hearts are more than suipectcd to have wondrous short memories .
A " Prophetess , who has been victimising the country people of Devonshire , has resorted to a novel plan to impose on customers . She sells old copies of Homer ' s Iliad , in Greek , as cabalistic volumes containing the secrets of destiny .
Axmm,
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Com. Mask-Lane, Monday, December 24.—The...
COM . Mask-lane , Monday , December 24 . —The arrivals of Eng lish wheat are again small , and a few picked samples of white wheat have heen sold at Is per quarter advance , but in red English and Foreign wheat there is no improvement in price , although the market is very firm , and many holders asking more money . The value of flour is unaltered , aim it meets a little improvement in demand . Bariej- is depressed bylaige arrivals from abroad , and prices just maintained , lleans and white peas sell slowly at last week ' s prices . Grey pens are Is to 2 s per quarter lower . We have a large arrival of Foreign oats , but demand lias been fair , and prices maintained since this day se ' nmgf it . There have been some sales of cargoes of wheat and Indian corn , and the value of Polish Odessa wheat is 87 s to 3 Ss ; Galatz wheat 38 s ; Galatz Indian corn - > 8 s ed , cost , freight , and insurance . Suffolkand Kentred 38
Bmtish . —Wheat . —Essex , , , , new s to t 2 s , ditto white 40 s to 48 s , Lincoln , Norfolk , and York , shire , red 35 s to 38 s , Northumberland and Scotch , white 32 s to 37 s , ditto red 34 s to 38 s , Devonshire and Somerset , shire , red , —s to — s , ditto white — to —s , rye , 21 s to 23 s , barley , 24 s to 26 s , Scotch 22 s to 24 s , Angus—sto—s , Malt ordinary , —s to — s , pale 50 s to 54 s , pens , grey , new 25 s to 27 s , maple 27 s to 29 s , white 23 s to 24 s , boilers new 2 Gs to 29 s , beans , large , new 23 s to 25 s , ticks 25 s to 27 s , harrow , 27 s to 29 s , pigeon , 30 s to 32 s , oats , Lincoln and Yorkshire feed , 15 s to 19 s , ditto Poland aud potato , 17 s to 20 s , Berwick and Scotch , 17 s to 21 s , Scotch feed , 17 s to 22 s , Irish feed , and black 15 s to 20 s , ditto potato , 17 s to 23 s , Unseed ( sowing ) 80 s to 52 s , rapeseed , Essex , new £ 27 to £ 30 per last , carraway seed , Essex , new 26 s to 30 s per cwt , rape cake , £ 4 to £ 418 s per ton , lln . seed , £ 910 s to £ 10 10 s . per 1 , 000 , flour , per sack of 2801 bs , ship , 28 s to 80 s , town , 38 s to 40 s .
Fobeigs . —Wheat . —Dantzig , 44 s to 50 s , Anlmlt and Marks , 38 to 40 s , ditto white , 40 s to 42 s , Pomeranian red , 40 s to 42 s , Ilostock 44 s to 4 Gs , Danish , Holstein , and Friesland , S 0 sto 34 s , Petersburg !! , Archangel , and Riga , 32 s to 34 s , Polish Odessa , 32 s to 34 s , Marianopoli , mid Bordianski , 32 s to 35 s , Taganrog , 32 s to 34 s , . Brabant and French , 34 s to 36 s , ditto white , 38 s to 42 s , Salonica , 30 s to Ws , Egyptian , 23 s to 2 Ss , rye , 2 ffs to 22 s , uarley , Wismar ana Rostock , ISs to 21 s , Danish , 18 s to 23 s , Saal , 20 s to 24 $ , EasfcFriesIand , lfis to 18 s . Egyptian , 14 s to las , Danube , 14 s to 15 s , peas , white , 23 s to 26 s , new boilers , 26 s to 27 s , beans , horse , 22 s to 24 s , pigeon , 25 s to 26 s , Egyp tian , 22 s to 24 s , oats , Groningen , Danish , Bremen , and Friesland , feed and black , lis to 15 s , ditto , thick and brew , 15 s to 22 s , Riga , Petersburg !! , Archangel , aud Swedish , 14 s to 16 s , flour , United States , per 1961 bs ., 22 s to 24 s , Hamburgh 20 s to 22 s , Dantzig and Stettin 20 s to 23 s , French per 280 ) bs ., 32 s to 34 s . Wednesday , Dec . 2 G . —With a moderate quantity of grain fresh in this week , we have a steady demand for most articles , without variation in price .
Arrivals this week : —Wheat—English , 340 quarters foreign , 5 , 350 quarters . Barley—English , 2 , 690 quarters ; foreign , 4 , 610 quarters . Oats — English , 3 , 360 quarters ; foreign 3 , 420 , Plour-810 sacks . Richmond ( Yorkshire , ) December 22 . — We had a fair supply of grain , in our market this morning . Wheat sold from 4 s Od to 5 s S ) d ; oats , Is Gd to 3 s Od barley 3 s 6 d to 3 s 9 d ; beans , 4 s Od to 4 s 3 d , per bushel .
BREAD . The prices of wheaten bread in the metropolis are from 61 d . to 7 d .-, of household ditto , 5 d . to Cd . per 4 lbs . loaf .
CATTLE . S . mitiifiei , ;> , Monday , Dec . 24 . —Very few arrivals have taken place at the outports . By sea , from Ireland , 117 oxen have come to hand for this market . This being- almost a holiday market , the supply of beasts—which was chiefly composed of the refuse of that exhibited on Friday—on offer to-day was fimifed , but of full average qualify . All breeds ruled heavy , and were lower to purchase , the best Scots realising only 4 s per 81 bs ., and a clearance was not effected . The numbers of sheep were very small ; nevertheless , solittle business was transacted in that description of stock that prices were nominal . Calves were in shortsupply and heavy demand , at barely stationary prices . Scarcely a transaction took place in pigs the number of which was trifling ; . Head of Cattus at Smitiifieli ) . —Friday . —Beasts , 1 , 136 ; sheep , 3 , 920 ; calves , 310 ; pigs . 230 . Monday . —Beasts , 1 , 545 ; sheep , 7 , 0 y 0 ; calves , 75 ; pigs , 140 . Price per stone of SIbs . ( sinking the offal . )—Beef , 3 s Od to 4 s Od ; mutton , 3 s Od to 4 s 4 d ; veal , 3 s 4 d to 4 s 10 dj pork , 3 s Id to 4 s 2 d .
Ire-KoxiB ahd liBMHanAii , Monday , "Dec . 24 . —inferior beef , 2 s 8 d to 2 s lOd ; middling ditto , 3 s Od to 3 s 4 d ; prime large , 3 s 6 d to 3 s 8 d ; prime small , 3 s lOd to 4 s Od ; large pork , 2 s 8 d to 3 s 4 d ; inferior mutton , 2 s 8 d to 2 s lOd ; middling ditto , 3 s 0 d to 3 s 4 d ; prime ditto , 3 s 6 d to 3 s lOd ; veal , 3 s Od to 3 s lOd ; small pork , 3 s 6 d to 4 s 2 d ; per SIbs . by the carcase .
PROVISIONS . Lokdon , Monday , Dec . 24 . —The arrivals last week from Ireland were 14 , 420 firkins butter and 1 , 480 bales baeon ; and from foreign ports 5 , 800 casks butter and 320 boxes and bales of bacon . We have no particular alteration to notice in the butter market ; the change in the weather to frost has given more tone , to the demand , and considering the season a fair amount of business transacted . The bacon market has rallied Is to 2 s per cwt ., owing chiefly to the foiling off in the supplies . Pigs have advanced in Ireland 2 s to 4 s per cwt ., and the manufacturers now look for a further improvement . Stock and deliveries for the weeli ending Dec . 22 - . —
Botteb , I Bicos . Stock . Delivery . | Stock . Delivery : 1847 .... 18 , 640 6 , 500 2 , 210 790 1848 .... 62 , 500 7 , 170 1 , 330 1 . 170 1849 .... 60 , 330 8 , 210 | 2 , 710 1 , 690 English Butter , Dec . 24 . —Notwithstanding the present favourable weather , we have little or nothing passing in sales , save here and there a retail parcel , of the best quality , at barely late rates . Dorset , flue weekly 90 s to 94 s per cwt . ; ditto , middling-, 60 s to 80 s , - fresh , 9 s to 13 s per doz . lbs .
POTATOES . Soutiiwark Waterside , Dec . 24 . —Our market continues well supplied both costwise and continental , which , with a dull demand , makes it difficult to clear ships in time to save demurrage . The following are this day ' s prices : — York Regents 80 s to 110 s per ton ; Wisbech ditto , 60 s to 75 s ; Scotch ditto 60 s to 75 s ; Ditto Cups 40 s to 60 s ; French Whites 60 s to 75 s ; Rhenish and Belgian ditto 40 s to 60 s .
SEEDS . Loxno . v , Monday , Dec . 24 , —The transactions in the seed market were of very little interest this morning . Crushing seeds were held firmly at late rates . Clover was less inquired for , and canary was the turn cheaper . BniTisii . —Cloverseed , red 35 s to 10 s ; fine 45 s to 50 s ; white 35 s to 50 s -, cow grass I nominaY ] — s to —s ; linseed ( per qr . ) sowing 54 s to 06 s ; crushing 10 s to 42 s ; linseed cakes ( per 1 , 000 of 3 lbs . each ) £ 9 0 s to £ 10 0 s ; Trefoil ( per cwt . ) . 14 s to 18 s ; rapeseed now ( per last ) £ 28 0 s to £ 29 0 s ; ditto cake ( per ton ) £ 4 5 s to £ 4 10 s ; mustard ( per bushel ) white 6 s to Us ; brown 8 s to lis ; Coriander ( per cwt . ) 16 s to 25 s ; Canary ( per qr . ) new 80 s to 88 s ; turnip , white ( per bushel ) —s to —s ; ditto Swedish —s to —s ; tares , winter per bushel 4 s 6 d to is 9 d j carraway ( per cwt . ) 2 Ss to 29 s ; new 30 s to 32 s ; rye grass ( per or . )—s to —s .
HOPS . Bonorcii , Monday , Dec . 24 . —We have no new feature to notice in ouv market , which remains in a very quiet state , at the currency of this day week .
TALLOW , HIDES , ASD OILS . Monday , Dec . 24 . —Since our last report the demand for tallow has heen in a very inactive state , and prices have had a downward tendency . To-day P . Y . C . on the spot is selling at 38 s Gd per cwt . For forward delivery exceeding little is doing . Town tallow , is 39 s 6 d per cwt ., net cash - , rough fat , 2 s 3 d per 81 bs . Letters from St . Petersburg !] , represent the trade heavy . Leadesuall . —Market hides 50 Tb . to C 4 fo ., ljrt to —d per lb . ; ditto 641 b . to 721 b , l | d to 2 d ; ditto 721 b . to 801 b ., 2 d to 2 . Jd ; ditto 801 b . to 881 b ., 2 Jdto 3 d ; ditto 881 b to 96 fb ., 3 d to 3 Jd ; ditto 9 Glb . to 1041 b ., 3 jd to 4 d ; ditto 1041 b . to 112 lb . 31 d to 4 d ; calf-skins each 2 s to Gs 0 d ; Horse hides 7 s . Linseed per cwt . 28 s Od to —s ; rapeseed English refined 42 s Od to —e ; brown 41 s Od ; Gallipoli per ton . 441 . ; Spanish 431 . ; Sperm 821 . to 832 . ; bagged 821 . ; South Sea 331 . 10 s to 341 . ; Seal pale 391 . 10 s to—I ., ditto , eoloured 331 . ; cod 291 . to 30 / . ; cocoa nut per ton 381 . to 401 . ; palm , 301 .
WOOL , Crrr , Monday , Dee . 24 . —The imports of wool into London last week were but a few bales from the Cape of Good Hope , and one or two bales from Germany . Liverpool , Dec , 22 . —Scotch There is still a better inquiry for laid highland wool , but the buyers say they cannot afford to give any advance , and act with great caution . White island is not much inquired for . Good cheviot crossed are still in good demand at full rates , while iliere is nothing doing hi inferior kinds . Foreign —The London public sales having closed wiUi some firmness at the full' advance , has given a fresh impetus to our markets , and considering our stocks : iro light , we have a good business doing - . —Imports for the week , 518 bales ; previously this year , 52 . 722 bales .
Printed By William Rider, Owo. 5, Macclesfield-Strcct , In The Parish Of St. Anne, Ivestraiiistsr, At The Priming-
Printed by WILLIAM RIDER , oWo . 5 , Macclesfield-strcct , in the parish of St . Anne , iVestraiiistsr , at the Priming-
Omcc, Ib , Uveat Windmill-Street , Llaym...
omcc , ib , uveat Windmill-street , llaymamt , m me ^ ofWest » iiiister . forthcl'rovvietor , FEAKGl ! SO'CO >' . NO- '' Esq . M . P ., and published bv the said William Kii > kb- % the Olh ' ce , iu the same slreuUnd parish .-- ' ' " ° © Member 29 th , 1849 .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Dec. 29, 1849, page 8, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_29121849/page/8/
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