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ITALY. THE SIEGE OF ROME.-GLORIOUS DEFEN...
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Soldiers Taken Passing The Rhone By The ...
June 30 . 1849 . THE NORTHERN STAR . _____________ ----- ^^ — 1 - I ' """" ' 1 7 ^ " 1
. If O* I Ma Tntf Lltgeiire
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Italy. The Siege Of Rome.-Glorious Defen...
ITALY . THE SIEGE OF ROME .-GLORIOUS DEFENCE OF THE ETERNAL CITY . ( From , the ' Daily News . *) On the 12 th , brigand Oudinot sent the following letter to the Roman Assembly : — * Head quarters of Villa PamfUi , Jane 12 , 5 p . m . ' II . President of the National Assembly , —Tie events of war tare , as yon are aware , brought the French army to the gates of Rome . In ease my entrance into the city were still opposed , I should be obliged to employ immediately the means of action which France has placed at my disposal . Before
laving recourse to this terrible necessity , I consider it my doty to make a last appeal to a popnlatien who cannot harbour hostile sentiments towards France . The National Assembly , no doubt , wishes , as I do , not to expose the capital of the Christian world to bloody calamities . "With this conviction , I beg of you , M . President , to give the greatest publicity to the proclamation which I here inclose . If , twelve hours after the reception of this despatch , I shall not have received an answer in conformity with the intentions and the honour of France , I shall consider myself obliged to attack the place by open force . Receive , sir , the assurance of my very distinguished consideration .
The General-in-Chief of the French expeditionary army , * Oudinot de Reggio . * The following is the answer transmitted by the Triumvirate to the French Seneral : — « General , —We have the honour to transmit to you the answer ofthe Assembly , extraordinarily convoked , to your communication , dated the 12 th inst . We never betray our engagements . In the execution of the orders of the Assembly and ofthe Roman people , we have undertaken the engagements of defending the standard of the Republic , thehonour of the country , and the sanctity of the capital of the Christian world . We will do so . * Receive , General , the assurance of our consideration . '( Signed . ) Mazzini , Aksieluna , Sa * fi , Triumvirs . *
By a decree o : General Avezzana , all projectiles thrown into Borne by the enemy are to be brought to the chief of the section ofthe artillery , and , if in a serwcable state , they will be paid a bajocco and a halt ( about a son ) per pound weight . Jdxe 11 . —No striking military operations have taken place since my last , although skirmishes and partial cannonadings are always going on . The Roman government holds firm to the treaty in its possession , a treaty made and signed by the French plenipotentiary Lesseps , and , until that treaty shall be annulled by the French government , it considers the efforts of Oudinot merely as a furious brigandage , on a large scale , excited by the bribes and bigotry of despots and priests .
On Saturday afternoon , shortly after posting my last , a few . companies made a bold sortie from the gate of San Pantrazio , with the intention of molesting tha French in their fortifications . They advanced , driving the enemy before them , as far as the third line of entrenchments , when a house strongly occupied by the French , and surrounded with barricades , stopped their progress . After having destroyed a considerable part of the works , the Romans returned to the city , leaving a garrison in one of the intervening houses , from which the enemy had -heen dislodged , and which afforded an advantageous position for checking any onward movement .
The fusillade was very brisk for a couple of hours , but the Romans had only one officer and ten soldiers wounded . I was on the Aventine hill at the time , and witnessed the cannonading between the batteries placed there and the French covered batteries , which are situated on a little eminence dose to the fortifipd house to the south of Porta San Pancrazio . Two French cannons were dismounted . They fired chiefly grenades , which were true in direction , but usually burst in the air after passing a yard over our heads ! probably from their battery being lower than the Aventine . " Reinforcements continue to arrive frcra the provinces , and they have been able , as yet , to pass without molestation from the French .
Yesterday afternoon I reconnoitred the whole position of the besiegers and besieged from that noble observatory which commands no ^ only the city and its environs , but also the vast sweep of the Soman Campagna from theAbrozzi to the Tyrrhene Sea . I mean the summit of St ; Peter ' s . The principal French force End the general ' s head-quarters are at Villa Santucci , about two miles south of the Porta SanPanerazio . About 15 , 000 men are supposed to occupy that camp , and to garrison the
numerous strong houses , villas , and farms around it , stretching their outposts within musket-range of the Soman advanced sentries . Another camp is situated at the "Villa Maffei , three or four miles west ofthe Porta Cavalleg | ieri ; anda third occupies the summit ef Monte Mario , to the north of St . Peter ' s and the Castle of StAngelo . Besides these principal corps , smaller detachments are at St . Paul ' s extra muros , Ponte Molle , Aequa Acetosa , and PoiW- Silaria , so that the circumference of the city is onlv free from Porta Pia to Porta San Giovanni .
General Garibaldi ascended the cupola whilst I was there , and I bad an opportunity of expressing my admiration of his bravery and my good wishes for his final success , fle replied with the utmost courtesy and simplicity , and stated his conviction thai the French , with their present force , would be unable to gain admittance into the city . After observing the disposition of the enemy ' s camps , the general descended into the Piazza di San Piatro , in
whose ample area he reviewed the troops , about 7 , 000 or 8 , 000 men , destined for a sortie by night . The expedition did not succeed in its object , which was that of surprising the French camp , because the ene : av ' s spies had already carried information of the movement , and , on the Roman forces approaching , taey found cavalry , infantry , and artillery , drawn up in order of battle , in numbers too superior to render an action advisable . They therefore returned about d & vbreak and re-entered the city .
At an extraordinary sitting of the Roman Constituent held on the 12 th inst ., Galletti in the chair , the secretary read a despatch from General Oudinot to the President of the Assembly , and the proclamation of the General to the inhabitants of Rome . At the conclusion of the despatch , which was listened to with the most complete silence , a cry was raised bythn entire Assembly of ' War ! " Vive la BepubliqueT
The deputy Audinot rose and said—« It is necessary to lay aside declamation and to reason coolly . We have signed a convention with M . Lesseps , which las not been disavowed by the French Government . It onjht , therefore , to be in full force as regards the two parties . We must send a message to General Oudifiot by some deputies . In this message we must make him comprehend that he is attacking us contrary to good faith , and that he is violating the law ofnstions . ' ( Applause . )
The president , with toe unanimous assent of the Assembly , appointed the deputies Audinor , Sturbinetti , and Agostini to prepare a reply . The sitting was then suspended , but was shortly afterwards resumed . M . Sturbinetti read the following reply : — * General , —The Soman Constituent Assembly , in reply to your despatch , declares to you that , having concluded with M . Lesseps , the French Minister Plenipotentiary , of the 31 st of March , 1849 , a convention , confirmed by the said M . Lesseps , according to your declaration , it ought to consider this convention as obligatory on the two parties and under the protection of the law of nations until the French Republic shall have ratified or repudiated it . Iu the meantime the Assemblv must regard every act of
hostility of the French army as a violation of that convention , or any other hostile act which maybe committed before the answer of your goFermnent be communicated , and before the armistice concluded shall have expired . Genera ] , you demand a reply in conformity with the intentions and honour of France : hut none can be more m conformity with the intentions and honour of France than a halt in a flagrant violation of the laws of nations . Whatever may he the effect of this violation , the people of Home can never be responsible for it . The people of Borne are strong in their right ; firm in their resolution to maintain the pact by which they are bound to your nation ; and compelled by necessity alone to defend and repel every nnjust aggression . ' ( Applause . )
Tfee Assembly adopted this reply , which was ordered to he carried to the French camp by a flag of trace . The assembly adjourned with the cries of * "Vive la Repubhque ! ' The following is the reply of the General commanding the National Guards of Rome to General Oadiuot : — « General , —The treaty of which the ratification is expected assures this tranquil citv against every disaster . The National Guards , formed to maintain order , must support the resolution of the government ; and they devote themselves willingly to this duty with zeal , and without reference to the fatigue attached to it . The National Guards have not long since shown their sympathy for the French nation by their treatment ofthe French prisoners .
Italy. The Siege Of Rome.-Glorious Defen...
bmioey esteem , above all , their own dignity and the honour of Rome . Any misfortune which maybefal the capital , the City of Monuments , cannot be attributed to the peaceable citizens compelled to defend themselves , hut solely to that party which has provoked the aggression . Accept , General , my distingnished consideration . Storblvetti , 1 Representative of the people and Commanderin-Chief of the National Guard . ' The reply ofthe Commander-in-Chief of the army of the Roman Republic to General Oudinot is as follows : —• Citizen General , —A fatality causes the armies of the two Republics to engage in
battle , which a better destiny would have united together to fight against their common enemy ; for the enemies of the one cannot but be the enemies of the other . We cannot allow ourselves to countenance any illusion , and for that reason we shall by every possible means resist whoever shall attempt to destroy eur institutions . The brave alone , moreover , are worthy of resisting French soldiers . We must likewise consider that there is a condition tor brave men worse than death . If the war which you are waging against us should place us in that position , it would be better for us to close our eyes for ever than to assist at the interminable oppression and misery of our country . Good health and fraternity ! 'Roselli . '
The 'Piedmontese Gazette' ofthe 18 th inst . contains the following Intelligence from Rome : — 'On the morning of the 13 th the French begun to bombard Rome , without , however , inflicting much injury on the city . They at the same time attempted a fruitless assault . The firing was kept up until eight o ' clock p . m . and then ceased during three hours . At eleven o ' clock it recommenced and lasted until four o ' clock , a . m ., on the 14 tb . It then ceased again , but was soon afterwards resumed with greater intensity and destructive effects . At four o ' clock , in the afternoon ofthat day the French had opened a breach close to the gate of San Pancrazio . At eight
| o ' clock p . m . the firing continued with violence . The breach , however , must not have been considered sufficiently wide for an assault , as on the 15 th the cannonade had not relaxed . The French have cut off several aqueducts which supplied Rome with water , and their cavalry intercepts all communication between the besieged and the country . . The infuriated Transteverines twice waited on the Triumvirs , with knives in their hands , entreating them to allow them to sally out iu a mass to exterminate the French . The Triumvirs dissuaded them from their purpose , saying that everything would end well if they preserved their order to fight behind the bar * , ricades , should the French enter the city .
( From the * Morning Chronicle . ' ) Juxb 14 . — After the rejection of the French overtures , which were couched in language as insulting as their tenor was unworthy , Oudinot made another attempt , of a more private nature , to draw the Romans to bis will . Cernuschi , one of the deputation of the Assembly which negotiated with Lesseps , was invited to the French camp , whither he proceeded yesterday morning . Oudinot had the modesty to propose to him that a breach should be made in the walls of the Trans tevere , over which the Fiench army should . march into the Eternal City with flying colours and music sounding !
Cernuschi replied by asking the French General pointedly whether he meant to restore the temporal sovereignty of the Pope , telling him that if he did not , the gates would be immediately opened to his army . This question Oudinot declined to answer . No assault , as threatened is Oudinot ' s communication , has yet taken' place , but itris expected that one will be given on Saturday ( June 16 th ) , that being the anniversary of the accession of Pius IX . What a melancholy contrast is presented by the state of the Christian Jerusalem , and the sentiments of its population , to that which prevailed when the reforming Pontiff took his seat in the chair of the Fisherman !
Meantime , the bombardment is fjeing prosecuted as vigorously as ever , and even nightfall brings no cessation . In the course of yesterday afternoon and this morning several hundred shells , balls , and rockets have fallen in the city , on both sides of the Tiber . Between seven and eight a . ro . to-day , three shells burst in the air , in the immediate neighbourhood of my hotel , in the Piszza Minerva . It makes one heart-sick to reflect on the danger to which the noble library of the Dominican monastety of Santa Maria supra Minerva ( so called because occupying the site and partly erected with the materials of an ancient temple of Minerva ) is exposed . This library , which is the largest in Rome , and one of
the richest and most curious collections in the whole world , contains 120 , 000 volumes , besides manuscripts , and was left in the convent for public use y Jerome Caeanate , of Naples . If burned down the loss will be irreparable , as many of the editions are almost unique . The Palazzo Braschi , one of the finest buildings in the city , the flying staircase of which is thought a miracle of art , was struck several times yesterday , and seriously injured . It is close to the statue of Pasquin . At the Palazzo Spada yesterday a bomb fell , but was prevented from ex . poding by the bravery and devotion of Montesanti , a sergeant of firemen , who plucked out the fusee .
The firemen ( pompien ) , a fine body of men , most active lads , have been distributed about the city at various points for some days past , and are in constant readiness . The circumstances under which I record these hurried anecdotes are far from pleasant , as every three minutes I am disturbed by the horrid whistling of a shell or rocket ; some of them apparently quite near . We , however , take things as coolly as possible ; and to make good the old proverb , ' That it is an ill wind that blows nobody good , ' the little beggar boys about the streets have opened a market of French balls , and fi » d ready customers at hlaioccJio e mezzo ( not quite three farthings . )
the Algerines outside have now completed a breaching battery , masked , for the nature ofthe ground near the walls affords admirable facilities for concealment , but supposed to mount sixteen guns and mortars . Oudinot has been heard to boast that his arrangements are so perfect that he can enter the city in three hours — nous verrons ; he has not yet made the attempt . Yesterday , by the by , the French posts at Pontemolle , on the eastern side of the Tiber , were driven across the river with considerable loss , by Arcioli . In this very gallant affair the Reman loss has been twenty killed and wounded . T so more proclamations on the present crisis have appeared ( one before the post left yesterday , but I had not time to translate it ) , which I subjoin : — ' ROMAN REPUBLIC . —COMMISSION OF THE
BARRICADES . ' People !—To the sew despatches of General Oudinot , the Assembly , the Triumvirate , the General of the National Guard , Sturbinetti , and the General-in-Chief , Roselli , have repsated the old answer , ' Rome does not perpetrate vileness ; go on with your bombardment . ' At this moment your Rome is being baptised capital of Italy ; it was the prophecy of Napoleon , and his nephew worthily fulfilsir .
• To save this capital of Italy we will gladly burn and bury suburban villas and delicious retreats ; then may we not well stand by undisturbed when less magnificent ruins are made by these most Chris tian bombs 1 To prove that they may be advisedly so called , the Papal seal was last night seen on the table of Oudinot , at his head-quarters at Villa Santucci , not yet at Tilla Pamfili , whence , however , perhaps for a strategic purpose , he pretended to date his last despatches . . One falsehood the more . ¦' .
-• Let all who have courage , and wish to slay an enemy , be ready with their muskets . But , for charity ' s sake , let them not be impatient ; let them wait till the enemy is at band , and the discbarge will be sure te prevent'his flight . When the breach is open , let a crowd enter , and then let each do his duty . Grape-shot , the musket , and the pike ; Viet the few who are afraid hide themselves and be silent ; they will help afterwards to shout for the victory . >• ¦ , * The Representatives of the People , 1 Cebnushi , . « Catabeni , ' Anoeeini , = ' Callesi . ' ' roman republic—ministry of war and
MARINE . ' Romans ! When the country is in the enemy ' s grasp , every citizen ought to arm himself for de . fence , and to offer himself as a soldier . There is neither condition nor rank which can dispense from the sacred duty :, of repulsing the enemy from our houses , from the tombs . of our fathers , from the sacred monuments bequeathed to us by the grandeur of onr ancestors . Let the women and children , for whose sake the feeble-minded excuse themselves from combating , command every one who truly loves them to do his best towards a heroic defence , " Every man capable of bearing armsis ~ base ahdcowardly if he does not fight . : ¦ ¦¦ ' . _
' The Cains who dishonour France have hoped to find in ns the credulity of Abels ; they have envied trie purity of our waters , the smiles of onr sky , the richness of our fields . They have made an anneal
Italy. The Siege Of Rome.-Glorious Defen...
to the people , inviting k **> « shameful suicide , The people replies by arms . France and all nalions shall see what a treasure tf greatness and virtue is stored in this land , where every stone reminds us of a hero , where baseness is impossible , where sacrifice for our country is but 8 common matter . Citizens ! I call upon you to assemble speedily in your respective districts , armed with muft ^ S ,
pikes , knives , or anything that can' serve to destroy a disloyal foe I The . chiefs of the people ( cqpi * popolo ) will organise jbu in companies , and will insure that your hands should be useful for the well , ordered defence of the sacred walls of Rome . Arise , all of you ! There is no menace or danger which can stop the generous . Fear is unknown to Roman breasts . The very ruins will form a monument of glory for a free people . Arise all—rise as one man J Let Rome be Rome !
• The Minister of War and Marine , ' June 13 , 1849 / ' Giuseppe Avezzana . ' The private letters from Rome to the 16 th , say that the Romans will certainly defend themselves to the last extremity . There is no truth in the report of dissensions having taken place in that city . Men , women , and children of all ranks were busily engaged erecting a breastwork behind the breach which the enemy was forming . Onthel 4 tb , a young married lady was killed on the breach . The members of the National Assembly went on the 14 th in procession with music before it and flags flying , through the fourteen arrondisseraehts . of Rome , to show the people that they fully sympathised with them , and to encourage them to deferd the city . It is melancholy to think that so much patriotism and devotion should be thrown away .
By the evening of the 15 th , the French cannon had destroyed 160 metres of masonry of the walls of Rome . The Romans have made a bold attempt to force the French to raise the siege . They sent some emissaries to Civita Vecchia to get the inhabitants of that place to surprise the French garrison in the citadel . The plan was well laid ; but , unfortunately , the commander of the French forces got notice of it , and it failed . Had it succeeded , the French would have been cut off from their supplies , and would have been forced to abandon the siege of Rome in order to commence that of Civita Vecchia . The . DeSars calls the affair a foul conspi ? racy . What name , then , ought it to give to an expedition which , under pretence of friendship and sympathy for the people , comes and battels down the city about the ears of the inhabitants .
The ' Democrate du Var' publishes the following extract of a letter from a member of the National Assembly of Rome to his brothers residing at Cirita Vecchia : — ' It is impossible to conceal the fact , that the war against Rome has become a war of extermination . Blood has been shed in abundance , and exasperation is at its highest pitch . The Romans have taken their determination , and they will bury themselves under the ruins of their city rather than consent to return under the yoke of-the priests . Every measure has been adopted ; the principal buildings are mined , and the streets are covered with barricades . Up to the present time the French soldiers have only had to combat against regular troops , who dispute every inch of ground ; and several of the positions have been taken and re-taken six times , with a courage and an audacity it is diffi . cult to describe . But when the French shall have
opened a breach they will find themselves face to face with an armed population of 200 , 000 , who will fight foot to foot in each street . Men , women , and children—all are armed ; and when the tocsin gives the signal of the entrance of the French into the city , then indeed we shall behold one ' of those dramas which are unique in history . May Heaven preserve both nations from it ! Such is our situation at the present moment . ' The ' National' publishes the following letter from M . Mazzini , refusing to attend a conference which that journal declares was proposed to him , non-officially , by a person of some standing in Gene * ralOudinot's camp : —'
* Rome , June 13 . —Sir : It is impossible for me to go to the advanced posts to see you . Our conversation , besides , unfortunately for us , could have no issue favourable to your views and ours . I have the conviction that we have exhausted all possible means of conciliation , and that it only remains to us to fight . We will do so—we will do so , you may be assured , from wall to wall , from street to street , from barricade to barricade . We may be conquered , but not put down . We had flattered ourselves with the hope that France would at length feel how much there is noble , sacred , and worthy of herself in our attitude , and what there is—permit me to be frank—contradictory and tyrannical in the
part that she plays here with us . We have proclaimed towards France , not a state of war , but a state of defence ; wc have sent back your prisoners ; we have rejected all the occasions which presented themselves to us to combat your troops wi \ h advantage ; we offered healthy cantonments to those who could not be accommodated at Civita Vecchia , and we declared that we were ready to concede all , one thing excepted—the occupation of Rome . And yet that is what is required . France , having fought against us , blockaded us , disarmed us , deprived us
of all our resources , condemned us to see , with arms in our bauds , our territory invaded by Austria , now says to us—• I will have Rome . 1 will have it without conditions , without a programme , or I will endeavour to crush it , to bombard its monuments , which are venerated by ah Europe , and to massacre its brave population . ' To that you must perceive , sir , that there is only one reply to make , and we shall make it . I know not whether we shall fall , but I know that there are falls which confer honour . I have the honour . & c .
JOSKPH MAZZINI . The < Presse ' . publishes a long letter from M . Pescantini , envoy of the Roman republic at Florence , to M . Ledru Rollin , written some time back , and commenting upon the president's message , in the part relating to Rome . It affirms that the French government had had every opportunity pi obtaining correct information about the real opinion of the people of Rome , and that the allegation of treachery on the part of the Romans towards the French is utterly unfounded .
A letter from Toulon of the 22 d inst . states , that in consequence of a demand for reinforcements made by General Oudinot , four batteries of artillery and two regiments of the line were to be embarked immediately for Civita Vecchia . The steam-boat Caton , which returned to Toulon from Port Vendres on the 21 st inst ., received orders to sail forthwith for Italy with despatches from the government for General Oudinot and M . de Corcellea . She sailed again from Toulon on the 21 st ,
( From the * Daily News . ' ) Juke 16 . —A tremendous assault took place on the night of the 14 th , and the Fiench strove hard to effect au entry at the partial breach . They were , however , repulsed by the well-sustained musketry of the besieged , and received four discharges of grape as they retreated , which made great havoc in their close ranks . Simultaneous attacks were made at the Porta and Cavallegiero , and the walls of the Vatican , with alike result , and the roar of artillery was unremitting from midnight until late in the morning of the 15 th . The losses of the besiegers must be great . The conduct of the French is no longer so exemplary as in the commencement of their invasion .
Every possible annoyance is now inflicted upon the inhabitants of the ci . y : the couriers are stopped , letters opened , money stolen , aqueducts broken , pro visions intercepted , country folks pillaged , and property destroyed to a frightful amount ; the African regiments considering themselves entitled , no doubt , to makeup for the hardships of the campaign by renewing the razzias to which they were accustomed in Algeria . I was an eye-witness of some of their wholesale barbarities yesterday afternoon . The Romans had despatched a force consisting of the 1 st regiment of the line , the carabineers , the Bologna battalion , and a company of Poles , to take up a position towards Ponte Molle , —a movement which was
effected successfully , the French retreating to the other side of the Tiber , and the Komans occupying Parioli Hill ( which overlooks the river ) , and fortifying-it with two pieces of artillery . About half-past four p . m ., ; the French received considerable reinforcements , and succeeded in recrossing . the bridge . They immediately set about firing all the ; casini , villas , farmhouses , hayricks , and even the baycocks which the country folks hadjust been employed upon , between the bridge and the foot of the Parioli Hills , and an universal conflagration marked their destructive progress , whilst a dense smoke served at the same
time to hide them from the fire of the Romans . Their activity in this mischievous operation was incredible , and what with the tremendous heat of the day , the scorching influence of their incendiary work ; and the weight of their arms , and long capotes , they must have certaintyperformed a good apprenticeship in Africa to be able to run so swiftly in such a temperature . ^ Perhaps the Roman musketry and grapeshot , which plied incessantly , in spite of the smoke , may have somewhat quickened their motions . Koine is calm , united , and undaunted , and a hundred acts of heroism might be quoted . ¦
•; ( Fromthe '¦• Morning Chronicle . ' ) It is believed in Rome that about half the French rmy are suffering from fever and kindred maladies , rou gh * oa by fatigue and . exposure , to . a . smof
Italy. The Siege Of Rome.-Glorious Defen...
Alricanheat . Two private soldiers were taken on Thursday by Garibaldi ' s men . having ; voluntarily placed themselves in a position to be made prisoners . They gave a frightful account of the sufferings of the besiegers , who , they said , were almost starving . 1 observe that the' Semaphore de Marseilles , ' just received here , has the modesty *<» stoba the , penc h loss in the action of the 3 d current ( full details of which I sent you ) at two killed and a dozen wounded . JNow , What Will you say of the veracity of the French papers , when I inform you that it is an undoubted fact that fifty dead bodies of French soldiers were found by the Romans in the Torre Quatn Venti alone ! •' ¦ '
_ . . « -.. „ Camtihumon of : Ancona . —The ' Wiener Zeitabg ' of June 21 . is . headed with a . telegraphic dispatch , officially announcing the capitulation of Ancona on the 18 th . ' < } ; - The following telegraphic despatch was sent Dy Gen . Standiesky , from Trieste , at 638 a . m ., and reached the ministry of war at Vienna at 6 ' 33 p . m ., onthe 20 tht— ¦ ' . . After a severe bombardment , Ancona capitulated on the evening of the 18 th . The city and forts were occupied by our troops on the 19 th . '
The ' Milan Gazette' describes the capitnlation Of Ancona , which we had already announced . It took place on the 18 th after a well-sustained bombardment . The conditions of the ^ capitulation , according to the same journal ; are a political amnesty for the inhabitants , the dissolution of the corps forming the present garrison , and the occupation of the fortress and Of the port of Ancona by the Imperial troops . ' '¦'• GLORIOUS DEFENCE OF VENICE —RUMOURED HUNGARIAN INTERVENTION .
The ' Genoa Gazette' has the foliomng from Venice , 14 th instant : — 'After several attacks made by the enemy on the side of Brondolo and Chioggia-, and a fierce cannonade on the bridge of the Lagoon , for the purpose of demolishing our works of defence , the Austrians have this morning disappeared , and are to . be seen neither at Chioggia nor at Brondolo . A few troops were seen marching towards Corapalto . This is said to be owing to the intelligence officially
received , that about 30 , 000 Hungarians were marching towards the Isonzo , and were expected at Fiume , Udine , and Trieste . The Austrians are therefore hastening to encamp on the banks of the Isorizo to oppose the Hungarians . Mania published this intelligence to the people from the palace , and read a letter from Kossuth , in which the latter excited the Venetians to resist , and promised them prompt relief . Venice is now unblocked by land , and overcome with joy . An illumination is preparing for this
evening . The ' Piedmontese Gazette * states , from Venice , that complete tranquillity reigned in that city , that the Fete-Dieu bad been celebrated with great solemnity and even magnificence , and that his Eminence Cardinal Moncio had blessed the soldiers and he people .
FRANCE ., . The editors , managers , and . compositors ofthe ' Peuple' have addressed a letter to the * Republiqae , ' contradicting the statement made by General Gourgaud in the tribune of the National Assembly . They deny that violence bad to be employed to effect an entrance into their offices on the f 3 th , or that the damage done could be considered as accidental ; or that the printers of the offices of M . Boule used insulting language , or that 150 persons were arrested in the evening in that house ; they admit , however , that the next day fifty workmen were taken into custody .
Proscription of the Press . —The government continues its attempts to put down opinions hostile to it by the means already noticed . The "feecle ' and ' La Presse' have fer the second time been informed that they must not discuss questions relative to articles five and fifty-fourof the constitutian . The ' Presse' says : — ' We have done as we were asked . What more is wanted ? If this is insufficient , let Louis Napoleon Buonaparte send the editor to the Conciergerie , where he once had as companion M . Failus de Persigny . ' It will be recollected that M . de Girardin was sent to prison during the rule of General Cavaignac , and that he afterwards took part through thick arid thin for Louis Napoleon , who now threatens him with the same punishment . General Donnadieu , formerly a deputy , died . on Monday , at Courbevoie , of cholera .
General de Pont-le-Roy died on Friday , at Paris , from cholera , at the age of eighty years . Madame Marrast , wife of the late President of the National Assembly , died in Paris on Thursday . Lyons . —General Gemau , commanding the troops stationed in the sixth military division has issued three decrees declaring : —1 st . That cafes , wineshops , and other public places , distinguished as being the points of meeting of disorderly persons , shall be closed . 2 nd . That the hawking about of books , pamphlets , journals , and other printed papers , is interdicted throughout the whole extent ol the division . And , 3 rd . That the clubs and other political meetings are forbidden throughout the extent of the Sixth military division ) These decrees are dated June 17 .
On the 14 th , an Austrian vessel arrived at Marseilles from Trieste , having on board 185 prisoners of war , most of them Poles , ordered to be transported to New York , but she had scarcely got out to sea when the prisoners insisted upon being taken to Marseilles , and the captain , having only eight men under his command , found himself forced to obey . But'on her coming into port the prefect immediately ordered the ship to be towed by the steamer Eurotas to Toulon , there to wait the orders of the government as to the final destination of the prisoners . Atrocious Ukasb . —Odillon Barrot has addressed a circular to the Procureurs-Genereaux from which
we select the following :-r- ' I have been several times consulted on the question as to whether the cry of' Vive IaRepublique Sociale ' . ' and the exhibition of a red flag were to be considered as constituting misdemeanours ; I used to reply , before the late events , that a prosecution ought to be made subordinate to circumstances . At present my reply 'vill be much more absolute : a cry and colours which have become the signal and symbol of civil ¦ war cannot henceforward remain unpunished . The law on the clubs and dangerous reunions will give you meaus of putting an end to these hotbeds , where passions went to obtain aliment and excitement . But it must not be allowed that this violence driven
from the clubs , shall find perhaps more dangerous organs in daily publications or even in the , small pamphlets hawked about in our towns and country districts . I cannot too much call your attention to this system of hawking , and the emissaries of secret societies , who , after disseminating hatred and preparing civil Kar , disappear , and leave after them ruin and despair . The present law already arms you with all the means required to prevent the danger of this propagation ot evil . Perhaps it may shortly receive some modifications , which in rendering the action ot justice more rapid , will render it more efficient . I have on several occasions informed you how important it is for the utility of repression that it should be immediate , and how much the habit of protracting and uselessly complicating criminal proceedings is injurious to the action of justice . More than ever
you win perceive the necessity of observing my recommendations on this subject . I will not speak to you of the state of siege , which an imperious necessity and public safety have imposed on the government ; it applies only to some departments for which special instructions will be given , and it will besides have only a limited duration . In fine , Monsieur le ProcureurGeneral , great and difficult situations elevate men who know how to comprehend them , and who feel suffio'ieni courage te meet the difficulty . That suffices to inform you , that I have full confw dence in . your co-operation . . Society puts trust in the ; French magistracy , which has been protected even against revolutions by the universal respect which it ; has known how to secure—society will not be deceived in its confidence . —I have the honour to be , & c , ., , Odillon Barrot .
Leoru RoLLiN . —Citizen Ledru Rpllirt is at Geneva . ' He crossed theYrohtier . yesterday , after passing through . Bellegarde : The carriage in which he travelled had iri it three ladiesi while he vms on the seat behind as their servant , in an old blouse with , a straw hat on his head . The passport with which he was furnished gave ah accurate description of his person , but was in a false name . On passing by Fort l'Ecluse , where all passengers leaving France are ' examined , this passport was registered with -all its details , and corresponds with the ; information sent to the gendarmes , but which did not arrive till
this morning , Jt appears that he quitted thecal riage between Fort l'Ecluse , and , got out of France by crossing the Rhone in the ferryboat from Ch » Vcy Two' hours after his . arrival at Geneva , the so ' j' ! prei feet of Gex was informed of it , and was ienjabled to verify the fact . . The day ; before yesterday , ' person believed ; to be citizen Considerant , ; passed through this place in a private carriage driven > jy a person of pur arrondissemen ' t , well known for his exaggerated opinions . He stopped at Vauchy , entering an inn wherehecarefolly avoided all oh ' 8 ervaUon , ahd thence ' took a guide , « ho wadttcted , hk to Etoise ( Savoy )
Italy. The Siege Of Rome.-Glorious Defen...
passing the Rhone by the bridge at Grezin . He had With him a passport in the name of M . Ordinaire , editor of a journal at Macon , ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ . . . , A commencement of insurrection \ had actually taken place at Huriel , in the department of the Allien During the night of the 14 th the tocsin was sounded in three districts adjoining Montlucon ; and the next morning 800 peasants , armed with gups swords , scythes , and pitchforks , assembled at the reading-room , as indicated by M . Fargm Fayolle , the brother of the representative of the people . The ilTTTl li - ^ T " ^
peasants had been induced to rise by a promise that the forty-five centimes would be reimbursed to them . They were preparing to march to Huriel tobura the registers Of the tax-collectors , when an emissary arrived from . Montlucon with the news of the suppression of the movement in Paris . Theexpedition was accordingly countermanded . Ail the peaceable inhabitants bad fled te the woods . On the 17 th the authorities of Monclucon' were waiting for troops to proceed to arrest M . Fargin Fayolle . —Times .
Three officers of the 9 th Regiment of Hussars , stationed at Verdun , have taken to flight in consequence of being mixed up in the affair of the 13 th , The ' Courrier' says : — ' Vanquished anarchy is now taking vengeance by assassination . On the 18 th a soldier of the 6 th Regiment was shot in the head near the cemetery of Fontaines-sur-Saone . On the same evening the keeper of a bouse of ill-fame rushed on a soldier of the 22 d Regiment , and attempted to stab him , but the man took . to flight . The next morning two soldiers , one of the 19 th Regiment , the other of . the Eseadron des Guides , were found assassinated near the fort of Loyasse . In
the evening of Tuesday two shots were fired on the soldiers Of the post at the Barriere des Bewardines , at a moment at which a group was assembled near the spot . The soldiers returned the fire , and a child had its leg broken by a ball . They then arrested some persons , and among them a suspiciouslooking man , who , after advancing some steps with them , attempted to escape , but was shot dead . ' The President of the Club of Batignolles and several artillerymen of the National Guard were arrested on Friday night . It is said that some important documents connected with the attempted in . surreetron on the 13 th were found in their posses
sion . A letter from Arbois , in the department of the Jura dated the 21 st inst .,- states that during three days , while the result of the attempted insurrection in Paris was uncertain * the reign of terror had prevailed r » that neighbourhood . A letter from arepresentative , announcing the triumph of the Montagnards , was read on the steps of the Hotel de Ville to above 1 , 200 persons collected in the square-.,,, The most hideous yells were then raised , and . the most atrocious intentions manifested . The extermination
of the most respectable inhabitants and the confiscation of their property was threatened . It was resolved that one thousand Socialists '; should march to the assistance of the insurgents of Paris , and that a tax should be levied on the rich to defray the expenses of the expedition . The telegraphic ; despatch , however , received from Paris announcing the failure ' of theinsurrection , dispelled their illusions , and those who had terrified the peaceable inhabitants with cries of Vive la guillotine 1 ' 'A basics riches ! ' 'A genoux aux ouvriers r were no longer to be seen . —Times .
Inpamovs . —The government has determined that the 183 Poles who arrived at Marseilles a few days ago , on board an Austrian vessel , shall be sent to Algeria . The Forthcoming Elections . —The Montagnardsin the Legislative Assembly have published the following electoral manifesto to the electors of the Seine : — 'On the eve of the elections the state of siege presses on the democracy , the clubs are closed , the right of meeting is suspended , the journals are
suppressed . Under these circumstances , the discussion of the merits of the candidates can neither be free nor sincere . The representatives of the Mountain , appreciating the gravity ofthe situation of affairs , believe it to be their duty to constitute themselves into an electoral committee . They trust that the people will accept their undertaking in the name of theinterests of the democratic party . A list shall be proposed to them as soon as all the information on the subject shall be collected and rauturely appreciated . '
The Democratic and Socialist Committee has published the following address to the electors of the Seines— 'Citizen Electors , —The Democratic Socialist Committee , in virtue ofthe mission you confided to them to direct the elections for the Legislative Assembly , resumed last night , the electoral operations which were suspended on the 18 th of May last . In this sitting it has reTopened its committee—it discussed all the questions relative to its competency and its attributes , and taken the necessary measures for the prompt union of the whole force of the democracy . In spite of the obstacles created by the state of siege , your delegates , strong in your support , hope to obtain on the 8 th of July a victory still more brilliant than that gained on the 13 th of May last .
The ' Momteur publishes a decree , signed by the President of the Republic , dissolving the National Guard of Salons and of Perigueux , Letters from Givors and Rives de Gier , in the department of the Loire , state that these towns were occupied by a strong military force at an early hour on the morning of the 22 nd instant . Martial law was enforced , and several persons were arrested . MORE TERRORISM—NEW LAW TO COMPLETE THE DESTRUCTION OF THE FREEDOM OFTHE PRESS .
In the Assembly on Monday , June 25 th , M . Odillon Barrot , President of the Council , ascended the tribune , and presented a project of law relative to the press . The new law prohibits representatives of the people from being responsible agents of journals , and interdicts the opening of subscriptions to pay the fines incurred by editors . In future a journal may be suspended for provocation to civil war , and Us' editor sentenced to fine
and imprisonment from one month to two years for attempting to seduce the troops from their allegiance , and to fine and imprisonment from one month to one year for circulating false intelligence with a view to disturb public peace . The cautionnement , or security id money , is maintained . Severe penalties are also pronounced against the writers of seditious pamphlets and publications . The bill contains nineteen articles , but M . Odillon Barrot read it in so low a voice that he was almost inaudible in
the gallery . The Minister having demanded urgency , the Assembly decided that the bill should be immediately printed , and referred to the bureaux on Wednesday . The responsible editor of' the ' Defenseur du Peuple' announces that the publication of that iournal has been suspended for the present , in consequence of a domiciliary visit having been made at its offices , and its subscription-list , books , & c , seized . ' . >
Paris , Wednesday . —The debate on foreign affairs has been brought to a conclusion , and , as might have been expected in the present temper of the Assembly , has led to nothing . Several orders of the day motives were ' proposed , but the Assembly adopted the order of the day pure and simple by a majority of 191 , the numbers being 353 to 162 . More arrests have been made at Lyons . Among them are those of M . Metra , late colonel of the first legion of the national guard of Lyons and a member of the late executive committee of the ilotel-de-Ville and that of M . Saunnier , member " of the municipal council for the section of the Jardin des Plantes
GERMANY . DISPERSION OF THE GERMAN PARLIAMENT . Stuttgart , Jmhs 21 . —The National Assembly was prevented yesterday by violence from sitting at Stuttgart . At one o'clock the court of the National Assembly was invaded by the troops , and soon everything was demolished by the axes of the pioneers . From one to -three soldiers , artillery , infantry , and cavalry , arrived from all sides . All the streets leading to the parliament meeting place were blockaded
oy ine troops . About three o ' clock the members of the parliament assembled on the square before the Kmgs palace , and went from there ' in procession , w V esi d — at their head , escorted by the noble Wurtemberg poet , TJhlahd . Having come to the first row ^ f bayonets , the President , MiLoewe , of Ulwe , ' summoned the soldiers to let him pass . Then a commvssioner iu plain clothes came forth , and informe ' d the President he . had received orders from his government to prevent the public meeting of the Parliament . On saying this he immediately retired oehind the soldiers
.. M . Loewe cried out to him ' In . the ^ name of the nation , stop . and bear my answer jbutthe military commander on the instant prderedthe drums Jo beat . General Muller let them s . ' or ^^ ment to give some orders , when the President ; took advantage , of : the silence to say with a loud voice , ' . You commit a crime of high treason against ; the nation , you will be punished for it by the . laws , and I , protest in the name of the ' neoole ' Genera , Muller ' cried but , 'Forward / ea 4 K ? Vnd a ? fi ^ a ei ^> « closed ? stS thehussars to pass , There ww a % of indigo
Italy. The Siege Of Rome.-Glorious Defen...
tion from the people which had followed the Parliament . The officers gave the . wprMo advance , and to CUt down those who did . not immediately withdraw . But the members of , ihe Parliament would not retire till after brute force should have been employed . Six times the officers commanded the attack , but the soldiers did not seem as if they dared go further . At last the officera advanced ,, the men followed , one man at the side of Uoland was wounded , several members of the Parliament rebthe - «¦ -- the peopba which had followed the
Parceived sabre wounds , others forced along y horses , and the street was at length cleared , ihen the young men cried out » To arms , ' but the Parliament did not desire bloodshed ; one word from it , and blood would have flowed everywhere , for even the soldiers obeyed with : evident , reluctance , ihe majoritv of the Parliament , however , was persuaded that all " fighting in Stuttgart would only increase the number of victims for the good cause ; there was enough of them already in Baden and the Palatinate . ;
Having thus yielded to violence the . members of the Parliament assembled to record this act , to authorise the President to meet elsewhere , and to order him to prosecute before the tribunals all those who took part in this act of violence committed against the Parliament . The law which the Parliament passed some months ago for the safety and protection ot its members , and which punishes the acts of yesterday as high treason , is valid in Wurtemberg and the law of the land , for it was officially published
as such . Behold us , then , at the end of this first German Parliament . I think . Germany , and especially those who remained faithful to their Parliament , oueht to thank M . Roemer for bavins ; given to it such a beautiful death . The revolution is conquered for the moment throughout Germany , excepting Baden : if they had suffered the Parliament to linger on another , fortnight , it would have died a natural death without pity and coyeredwith ridicule . Now it has died with some honour , or rather , it is not dead , bat sleepeth for a season .
The regency will probably go to Carlsrhue , but I dont think the Parliament will follow it ; for the majority does not regard the Baden movement as sufficiently purely German , and then it does not anticipate success . A part of the members of the Parliament will go to Baden to serve as volunteers , but the rest will return home , if that be still permitted them . All go with the full conviction that the ' reaction ' has gained a battle , but that it will lose the campaign in the end ; that the legal revolution , which the German nation believes itself called upon to make , has reached its end , but that the violent revolution will commence where the other terminates
Previously to leaving Stuttgart the regency issued a proclamation for a general insurrection in aid of the Baden and Bavarian combatants . The formation or free corps is demanded , and the Germans ate urged . to begin ' the holy battle of freedom against shameful oppression . ' The Baden Republicans have taken posesssion of Bmctsal , and the entire line of the Necka Karlrube is full of Republican troops and Civic Guardsmen . Mieroslawski , as Commander-in-Chief , continues to display the greatest activity . Citizen Werner has been appointed Minister of War in place of Mayerhofer .
A telegraphic despatch announces this afternoon that the Prussians under General Hirscbfeld , upon hearing Of the entrance of the Bavarians into the Palatinate , crossed the Rhine at Germersbeiro , and routed the Baden troops at Philipsburg , a Baden village . Berhn , June 24 th . —The examination of the witnesses and the defence of the prisoners did not terminate till nine on the previous evening , when the Court retired to consider its decision . It
re-assembled between two and threo o ' clock on the above morning ( Sunday ) as day was breaking :, and pronounced the following sentence : — " Ayear ' s imprisonment against M . Gercke , for violating a decree issued for the maintenance of tho public safety ; three months * imprisonment against the members of the Democratic Committee , Schonemann , Cubitz , Herzfeld , Dr . Waldeck , Berendsj Weiss , Koch , and Pfeiffer ; Steide , Petersen , and Schildkneoht were acquitted .
THE WAR ON THE RHINE . ( From the ' Kolner Zeitung . ' ) The attack of the Palatinate by the Prussians commenced on the 13 th of June , on the whole line of operations on the left bank ofthe Rhine . Their right wing advanced from the west upon Homburg , and their , centre , proceeding from the north , advanced on the high road from Lauterbacb . to Kaisers , lautera , while theiv left wing , divided into two corps , marched from Alzei and Worms in a southerly direction .
Ihe first corps reached Homburg on the morning of the I 3 th of June . The Prussians were commanded W General Webem ; the name of the insurgent leader was ShimmelpFennig . He did not offer any resistance to the advance of the Prussians , but he retreated to the south into the highlands of the Palatinate . . The Prussians entered Homburg , but , in stead o ? following the insurgents to Zweibrutken , they turned to the north and marched upon Landstuhl , whence they prepared to follow the second division ot their corps to Kaiserslautern .
fhe Prussian centre crossed the frontier on June 13 th , at Lautereken . Their road lay through the Lauter valley to Kaiserslautern , the seat of the Provisional Government . The valley of the Lauter is narrow , and abounding in denies ; resistance was expected , but none was offered . The Provisional Government withdrew from Kaiserslautern to JS eustadt-on-thc-Hardt . On the 16 th , the Prussians marched from Kaiserslautern to the east ; and occupied Durkheim . One of the divisions of their left wing proceeded on the 14 th from Alzei to Kirchheim Bolanden , where a contest took , pluce , in consequence of which the insurgents removed their head-quarters to Mannheim . The second division of tke left Prussian wing advanced on the 14 th from Worms , on the left banfe of the Rhine , to Frankenthal , which was taken after ; some skirmishing . _ Oygersheim was next occunied .
anaontueiotuotJune the Prussians stormed the Rhine ltitrenchmcnts of Ludwigshafen , opposite to Mannheim . While the Prussian troops thus advanced in the Palatinate without meeting with any effectual resistance , the operation against Baden commenced likewise on the 15 th of June on the right bank ofthe Rhine . The army of the Empire under General Peuchner advanced from Furthin two columns against Weinheim , which was taken , though not without great Joss on both sides . The Badish insurgents were commanded by Mieroslawski , who led them to a battle with the army of the empire . It lasted two days , and ended with the return of both the combatant armies to their former positions . This state of hntgs has not hitherto been changed by any events that have come to our knowledge .
Reported Defeat op the Baden Forces . — the French Government has received n-ws that the Baden army concentrated on the banks of the JNeckar has been attacked along its whole line and entirely routed by the armies under the orders of the Pnnce of Prussia and General Peuchner . Mannheim and Heidelberg are taken . Mieroslawski and the remnant of his army are in flight towards the line of mountains on the borders of the Grand Duchy of £ ? , den r . ^ P , I ? " * Corps have dispersed in the courxtry . — 'Times , Tuesday . The Republicans of Baden have distributed amone the trench troops on the frontier numerous copies of a proclamation running thus : — THE PEOPLE OF THB PALATINATE TO THE NATIONAX 1 GUARD AND ARaiY OP FKANCE . '
The Croats and Cossacks are attacking the Palatmato and the Duchy ^ f Baden . Prom the Baltfe bea to the foot of the Alps a formidable army is marching against the French Republic . It would ba an eternal shame to the people and army of France if „ Z ^ A- aTiy ^ f Suffer P olitical liberticide , the most perfidious that has ever been geen-the nolicv of their government , which , faithless to the constitution , conspires openly with our tyrants . May the real French people soon drive out these wretched eowarda ; ana . may the army , whose only S is honour , place ihelf fo , , d to cauW the conffi Ju to be respected You ^ Boichot , Rattier , and E missaire-worthy representative *^ f the French armv m the LegislativeAssembly , do you not hear thf fZ of alarm rmsed by th e Germw Democracy , which calls to you for aid agai nst the eternal S ^^ ¦
, liberty i Generous representatives , protest mnlately against the unheard-of insult of those who wa betraying you ! ^ Brave soldiers , protest Sst ' a government which tears from Europe its liberty ' q arms , citizens , the Cossack s are at your doors I' ' -i T , i ^ g ^ ^^ tte ' says-.- 'VTh ^ T Czar su . denly left the camp of Dukki at the urgent soliX 5 ° , Pm e Paskewitscb , who SSatdlffi " culty m keepmg under an insurrection £ S ^ % thate iu Srt thei , e isnow certain inteUigenca that the Ban has been obli ged to retir e fr oiSitr n consequence of the continued bombSuStof that place from . Petcrwnrdpn t-oi - £ l ™ r ° * drawn off towSta ^ Sh and % SoSd * £ headquarters at Kisker . PerozoV JS ^ ^
Ma . towards Therosiopol ami Ske « 3 in \ lTV *" advanced oncemorefrom cMS-fe ^ as da to Orsowa , and occurred 52 l , « hr i ^ hMona " strong division . The T urk ? *^ nr . te * ce wHh a liest f-elations with / th ? MW 1 ? ltamed , the f"endwith arms , djo ., C Im . k &**> suPPtying them (< ¥ ^^ tQ ^ Sev ^ a eJ
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), June 30, 1849, page 2, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_30061849/page/2/
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