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PARLIAMENTARY BE VIEW. June 30, 1849. r ...
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LONDON LIFE. Now Fublishing, Price Id. w...
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TO BE DISPOSED OF, A TWO-ACRE PAID-UP SH...
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Co conwnontienig
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The Kjukdalb Chartist Pbisonebs.—John Ar...
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VALUE OF THE LAND. • An industrious man,...
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THE 10RTHEEN STAR SATURDAY, JUN E SO, 1849.
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THE LAND. "The folly of the day is the w...
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« A SPADE IN EVERY LABOURER'S.FIST." / (...
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
Parliamentary Be View. June 30, 1849. R ...
June 30 , 1849 . r THE NORTHERN STAR . , „ ^ . ^ — J , , ,., ' ^^
Ad00410
SUISI'HISLD . TBE MEMBERS OF THE SHEFFIELD 'branch ofthe Kational Land Company are hereb y informed , that the quarterly meeting will lie held in the DEiOC ? . vnc Temperasce Hotel . 33 , Queen-street , on Tce .-ii . vs Evening . Jcxt 3 rd , -lSi 9 . Chair to he taken at half-past seven o ' clock . * By order of the Committee , IIesk Birxles , Chairman .
Ad00424
TO BE SOLD OR LET , A FOUR-ACHE ALLOTMENT ON THE D 0 BF 0 RD ESTATE , near Bromsgrove . The advertiser has paid £ 5 4 s . for his share , and £ 9 i lGs . lionus , and stands twelfth on the list for choice . Not being in a position to locate himself on the land , he would prefer selling to- letting . SlTheoivucr ( Mr . Edward Corn ) intends to be present at the : iss 5 < r . i 3 ; ient of the allotments on Monday nest , and will then 1 « 2 prepared to treat for the sale or letting .
Ad00425
OJS SALE , SEVERAL FOUR-ACRE PAID-UP SB AHES in the National Land Company . A sacrifice will l'i innde , as the owners are about to emigrate . Appiy . for particulars , at Mr . "Waterman ' s No . 79 , Great Leonard-street , Shoreditch , London . Letters , post paid with a postage stamp inside , will be attended to immediately . '
Ad00426
AT LOWBANDS ( most delightfully situ Mid and fully cropped ) , a TWO-ACKE FA 11 M . Apnlication to be inade to tlie Directors . ALSO , AT < :: UVS END ( folly cropped ) , a FOCB-ACRE FARH AppJiiitiosi to be made to the Directors , at their Office 144 , iii ? h liolborn , London .
Ad00427
TO BE SOLD , A FOUR-ACRE EARM , on the GREAT DOnFORD ESTATE , near llrcinsgrove . AUr . p ; i ' . cations to be addressed to the Directors , at their Office , 411 , High Holborn , London .
Ad00428
T WO FOUR-ACRE PAID-UP SHARES for £ 2 5 s . each , by parties who are going to emigrati in a iV-v days . Apj # c ; it ! "BS to be madetoT . Almond , Dicldnson ' s-buildine ? . i wK-b"y field . "Wolverhampton .
Ad00429
GUOVI" , 05 THE DODEOB . D ESTATE , 05 THE lhtt OI LOCA . TIOX , MONDAY JUM 2 X 1 ) , 1313 . " Homes for the sons of toil " PARTIES ARE RESPECTFULLY INfUJOIED that a RAILWAY TRIP will leave the Camj- ! ii !; Sfcition , Birmingham , at Eight o'clock in the monil : t-, aiibrding all persons desirous of visiting the Estate e : i ^ vjy . atunity of so doing . T-iHEs—Fir ^ t Class , 4 s . ; Second do ., 3 s . ; Third do ., Is . Od . Tans m-.: 1 be iu attendance to convey parties from the Broni ^ TT-sve Railway Station to the Estate and hack . Tor T-cl : cts apply to Mr . BnrrEnwic ^ News agent , 73 , StafiWm-rireet ; Mr . G . Goomvrs , Darwin-street , and Mr . ATT . i-f ijimthwiclv .
Ad00411
BL AIR'S GOUT AND RHEUilATIC l ' iI . ! . S . The acknowledged efficacy of BLAIR'S GOUT AX 5 » RHEUMATIC WLLS , hy the continued series ofTc £ » iH * . iaals which hare been sent to and published by thep-ypiietorfor nearly twenty years , has rendered tins medicine iiw most popular ofthe present age ; and in eor-Toboratiyn of which the following extract of a letter , written by JolinMciard Wheeler , Esq ., ' Collector of Customs , Jamaica , fcariixj been handed by his brother , at Swindou , to Sir . Tro-Xi , fur publication , ivill fully confirm . "I fciivw yon have never bad occasion to take Blair ' s Mils , hut Jet me emphatically tell you in mercy to any fiiend who may suffer from gsut , rheumatic gout , lumbago , sciatic- - ) , iLeiiraatism , or any branch oi that widely-allied family Jo rvcominend their using them . In this country ihey ' arc vf tvonderfnl efflfiacy i not only am I TEI ! SOX . UXy aware of i ! : c-ir powers , but I see my friends and acquaintances receiving unfailing benefit from' their use . I would notbs ^ v : tl ;« ut them on any account . If taken in the early stageci ' -iiseasetheydisapateit altogether : if in a later , they =: iWviatc pain , ani * effect a much speedier cure than by anv .,-ihii-means wif Vi my knowledge . " * Sohi by Thomas l ' roui , 229 , " Strand , London ; and by his appoiutiicntby
Ad00412
a t GOTH-ACHE PERMANENTLY . CURED by Tising BRAJiDE'S EXAMEL , for filling decaying teeth , and rendering them sound and painless . Soldhv Chemists everywhere . Price Is . per packet .
Ad00413
nO MORE PILLS , nor any other ^ Medicine for Indigestion , Irnsukrity of the Intestines , Flatulency , Palpitation of the ilcai-t , * Torpiuity of the Liver , persisting Headaches , SeiTousness , Biliousness , General Debility , Despondency , Spleen , & c Price 6 cL , or 8 d . post-free , royal , gilt , 2 s ; or free by post , 2 s . Gd . ( in stamps ) , Pifth Edition of DU BARRY'S POPULAR TEEATISE OS LVDIGHSTIOX and COXSTH » ATION ; the main cauav- of Nervousness , Biliousness , Scrofula , Liver Comxilaint * . Spleen , & c , and their Radical Removal , entitled tlie "Xai-iral Regenerator of the Digestive Organs , " without pius , pirgatlves , or medicines of any Mud , by a simple , pleas- nr , economical , and infallible means ; adapted to the genewl reader . Da 3 ) arrv and Co ., ~ h , 2 few Bond-street , London ; also , of "Whittekc-r & Co . ; anil all other booksellers . Sent post-free at the siuue price to Prussia .
Ad00414
1 ROTECTSD 1 ) 1 ROYAL LETTERS PATEXT . DIL LOCOCK'S FEMALE WAFERS , Have no Taste of Medicine , And : ire the only remedy recommended to be taken b y Ladi .- - . They fortify the Constitution at all periods of life , and ;¦ : » all Nervous Affections act like a charm . Thev renio-- Heaviness , rathrue on Slight Exertion , Palpitation Of th-. - Jleart , Lowness of Spirits , Weakness , and ahaypain . Thv-y create Appetite , and remove Indigestion , Ueavtbnrn . Wind , Head Aches , Giddiness , & c lu ilystcrical Diseases , a proper perseverance in tlie use of this Medicine will he found to effect a cure after all other r . ieans had felled . ij 3 f FuR Directions are given with every box . Soil—These Wafers do not contain any Mineral , and may Iks taken either dissolved in water or whole .
Ad00415
THE CHEAPEST EDITION £ V £ & PUBLISHED . Price Is . 64 , A new and elegant edition , with Steel Plate ofthe Author , of PAINED POLITICAL WORKS . Kow Ready , a New Edition of Mb . O'CONNOR'S WORK ON SMALL FARMS , THE LABOURER MAGAZINE . Vols . 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 may still do had , neatly bound , price 2 s . 6 d . each No . 4 ; the Number containing Mn . O'Coknoe's Treatise on the National Land Company ;'' Kb . 10 , the one containing Mb . Q'Coxxob's Treatise " On the National Land and Labour Bank ' connection with the Land Company : "Have lately been reprinted , and may be had on application , Trice Gd . each . Imperfections of the ' Labourer Magazine' may still be had at the Publishers .
Ad00416
NOW HEADY WITH TUB MAGAZINES FOR . JULY , No . ILof THE DEMOCRATIC REVIEW Of BRITISH and FOREIGN POLITICS , HISTORY , and LITERATURE . - Edited by G . JULIAN HARNEY . . contests : L The Editor ' s Letter to the Working Classes . 2 . Letter to the Trades : The Land . 3 . Letter- from Paris : Present Political Aspect and Prospects of France . 4 . Our Inheritance : The Land common Property . Letter IL 5 . Political and Historical Heview—Domestic and Foreign . 6 . Manifesto of the German Red Republicans . 7 . Monarchy . 8 . Speech of Armand Barbes . 9 . Literature : JlfEton ' s Prose TFbrfcs ; Humboldt ' s Cosmos ; I'oliticsfor the People ; < fcc , < fcc . Fonxr Pages ( in a coloured wrapper ) , Pkice
Ad00417
Published this day , price 4 d . THE SPIRIT ; or , A DREAM IN THE WOODLANDS . A Poem written during the panic of ' 47 and ' 48 . By Wiluast Jo . ves , Editor of the 2 nd and 3 rd editions ofthe "Chartist Hymn Booh . " To which are added , Notes on the " View fbom Knightox Hill , " the " QPESISG OF THE NEW CeMETEBV , " & C , & C London : J Chapman , 1 ± 2 , Strand ; J . Ayre , High-street , Leicester : and all other booksellers .
Ad00418
Just Published , THE UNSOPHISTICATED AND INTERESTING GENEALOGY OF QUEEN ALEXANDRIA VICTORIA , showing her descent from William the Bastakd , Ddke of Nobhaxdt , olios the Fbexch Co . nqueroe of England , with singular and remarkable anecdotes of her ancestors . Read , and remark , that you may understand , How Germans came to burthen English land ; But ev ' ry nation has at times a curse . And England thus has gone from bad to worse . Yet how descended , or by whom begott ' n , It matters not , when all are dead and rott ' n ; For aU alike are doom'd to meet the grave , The king , the peasant , nobleman , and slave . Price , only Foukpexce !!! To suit all classes , who may like to read , and wish to know . Published and sold by Henry Roberts , 31 , Petergate , York , London Agent ; S . Y . Collins , Holywell-street , Strand .
London Life. Now Fublishing, Price Id. W...
LONDON LIFE . Now Fublishing , Price Id . weeklv , and Is . quarterly parts , f ONDON LIFE ; OR , MIRROR OF JLl Mirth , Humour , and Facetia , containing all the racy movements of the present day : in short , embracing life in all its varied phases and variety . "London Life" will be splendidly illustrated with original engravings , -designed and executed by the most eminent artists . Sent ( post free ) , 2 s . 2 d . per quarter . Printed and published by Winn , Holywell-street , Strand , and all Booksellers .
To Be Disposed Of, A Two-Acre Paid-Up Sh...
TO BE DISPOSED OF , A TWO-ACRE PAID-UP SHARE in A tlie National Land Company . For particulars apply to H . £ ., Xo . 1 , York-square , ( comer of Henry-street , Commercial-road ); letters , post paid .
Ad00419
LAND , COTTAGES , AND TOTES . 'PHE LAST COTTAGE WITH FOUR - - ACRES of Land may be had with immediate possession , at "JPibilin Sill , " twenty-one miles from London , close to the Villages of Chalfont St Giles , and Chalfont St . Peter , Bucks , and within three miles ofthe market towns of Amersham and Beaconsfield , and six of Chesham and Usbridge , The title is first-rate ; the water abundant and delicious ; the roads capital ; and the country beautiful , Tlie nearest Railway Station , at present , is " Wes Drayton . " t The cottage consists of only two small rooms , with brick floors ; and this , with fifty feet frontage by 100 feet of garden ground , lets at £ 4 per annum . Dut however humble , this home is capable of indefinite improvement , for it will be held " von eveu , " as well as the Four Acres , which are situate in the next field but one , and will be let together or in smaller quantity , at the rate of forty shillings per acre per annum during the first three years , and £ i per acre per annum for ever afterwards . '
Ad00420
TO BE SOLD , And mny be entered on immediately , AT GASKELL'S VILLA , BARTON MOSS , NEAR MANCHESTER , FIVE ACRES OF LAND , all cropped , and in good cultivation , with excellent dwelling house attached . For terms and further particulars , apply to Mr . T . Smith , bookseUer , & c „ 189 , Great Ancoate-street , Manchester .
Ad00421
p RIPPLECATE CHARTER ASSOCIA-\ J HON , 28 , Golden-lane ; City . At a meeting held at the above place on Wednesday evening , ; June 27 th ; it was unanimously resolved ( hi consequence of Baron Rothschild having accepted the Chutem Hundreds , and a writ having been issued-for a representative for the City ) : — ' * That a candidate professing Ohartist principles be brought forward at the ensuing election . " The Committee earnestly request that all friends to the cause of Democracy , and especially the members ofthe different localities , wiU meet the committee on Sunday eveiung ' next , at eight o ' clock .
Ad00422
! ISPTICE . A notice having appeared in last week ' s Star relative to the National Co-operative Benefit Society , without our consent , we being engaged in going through the accounts merely for the satisfaction of the Directors , / we think the notice was uncalled for , as we have not yet made our report , r - James GnASsnr , " ) WitwAii Shuib , > Trustees . James Pbakce , j The Directors of theNational Co-operative Benefit Society , hereby inform the members , that the notice which appeared in the Northern Star of last week , from them , was published without the permission or consent of the above Trustees . The notice of the Directors was nothing more than a request on their part to the members of the society not to transmit any more money to the secretary , Edward Staliwood , until the result of an investigation , now pending , into the state of the society ' s management shall have been made known . The Directors have now only to repeat this caution to the members of the society , who they feel assured will understand , that such notice would not have emanated from their Directors without a sufficient cause . . Philip M'Grata , Tiiomas Clabk , Christopher Doyle .
Ad00423
The Ibish Representative Peerage . —Lord Kilrnaine has been chosen by a majority of votes to be the Peer to sit in the House of Lords .
Co Conwnontienig
Co conwnontienig
The Kjukdalb Chartist Pbisonebs.—John Ar...
The Kjukdalb Chartist Pbisonebs . —John Arnott , secretary to the Victim Fund , begs to assure Mr . M . W . 'Norman , Yentnor , Isle of Wight , that the ostv wives and families of our friends in Kirkdale on the : relief list of the . London Committee besides those named in bis excellent letter—White , West , Leach , and Donovan—are Messrs . Clarke , Kankin , and M'Douall , and that they were ever looked on as " mob enthusiasts , " or as " men who have have not an idea beyond their daily porridge , " he ( J . A . ) has yet to learn . The Bradfobd Victims . —The Relief Committee acknowledges the receipt of 10 s . 6 d . from Bingley . We have received an address from this body calling upon the Chartists ofthe West Biding to do then- duty by forwarding
funds for the relief of the wives and families of the victims . Tlie address states that there are from thirty to forty Chartists now in prison , most of whom have families , and that , for want of funds , the committee have been unable to assist them for the last five weeks . —[ Tlie above was in type last week , but was obliged to stand over for want of room . ] _ J . Sweet acknowledges the receipt of the following sums fortlie Victim Fund ( sent herewith ) : —Mr . Parker , 6 ' d . ; a Friend , 3 d . ; Mr . Chipindale , Cd . —For Mrs . Ernest Jones : —Mr . J . Lager , Gd . . .. . ... Mr . Tuos . Ormesher acknowledges the receipt of tlie following subscriptions for the Kirkdale prisoners : —Levensbolme , per John Gaskell . 2 s . ; Hebden Bridge , per James Mann , 7 s . 5 d . ; Bingley , per John Wild , 10 s . Od .
Value Of The Land. • An Industrious Man,...
VALUE OF THE LAND . An industrious man , with an able son thirt y years of age , commissions Mr . 0 ' Conn on to offer 20 / . a year rent for a four-acre allotment , at Minster or O'Connovville , and to transfer his title to 20 / . a year , paid quarterly , to whoever may feel inclined to let . The ' person letting . it to discharge the demands of-the Company , and to he discharged from his liabilities as tenant . And thus a man at Minster who has to refund 30 / . Aid Money , and about 12 / . rent , a total of 42 / ,, will receive 8 / . a year , or twenty per cent ., —indeed it should be . put down as 8 / . a year for nothing , as he-rcceiv < jd the 30 / ., and has had House and Land rent free since he , took possession . All communications oh the subject to be addressed . to the Land Office .
The 10rtheen Star Saturday, Jun E So, 1849.
THE 10 RTHEEN STAR SATURDAY , JUN E SO , 1849 .
The Land. "The Folly Of The Day Is The W...
THE LAND . "The folly of the day is the wisdom of the morrow . " There is no premium so large , no consolation so cheering , as the conversion of enmity into friendship , and , especially , when that conversion is based upon growing knowledge , rather than upon whimsical caprice , or personal feeling ; and there is no premium that could award to us the same amount of value that we derive from the able , the clever , and irrefutable article which we extract from last week ' s " Dispatch . "
To us truth is stamped with its sterling value from whatever quarter it may come , and we receive it the more cheerfully when it does come from those who formerly stamped the same truths , when enunciated by us , as , false theories and Avild Utopias . The conversion of an individual opponent is of itself great consolation , but " how much greater must be the consolation derived from the conversion of one who constitutes the dial by which thousands regulate their opinions . Our greatest difficulty has consisted in the
allbut impossibility of indoctrinating any , save the " fustian jacket ' s , blistered hands , and unshorn chins , " with our views of political economy ; while it was in the power of those who were opposed to our principles , to create hosts of enemies , and marshal them into antagonism , not to our principles , but to the order to which we were attached , Jest the confidence and attachment of that order should enable us to discipline the popular mind for that progress for which their own followers were not prepared .
The Dispatch " writes for a different , and what is conventionally called a higher order of society , and , therefore , we the more- rejoice at the infusion of knowledge into their heretofore bigoted brains . We pass over the lucubrations of Joshua Hobsonand others , ; which appeared in the columns ofthe "Weekly Dispatch , " and we congratulate ourselves in having secured the co-operation of the great middle-class monitor ; while we may [ assertwith modesty—that wo never did draw such a startling , hut yet pleasing and true picture of progress , as that represented by the improved condition of the Middlesex gravel-pit occupant .
Here we find an individual of had and immoral character—the scape-goat . of the village —a besotted stone-cracker—compeUed to borrow cabbage plants , peas , and other seedsmetamorphosing a lean pony into a fatted horse— . exchanging drunkenness for teetotalism , and transformed from a thief into an honest man , WHEN HE HAD SOMETHING TO . PROTECT . We find this patchwork animal , in ten years , convertedby remuneration for industry—into-a substantial solid farmer , with £ 300 capital in the bank , with , of course , a sufficient quantity of stock of one kind or another to stock a small farm .
Is not this announcement a sufficient reproof to the several refractory occupants upon the several estates ofthe Company , who . were not floated upon a water-pool in the centre of a gravel-pit , and compelled to borrow cabbage plants , peas , and other seeds ? and is not the whole reasoning of tho splendid , tho lucid , and irrefutable article to which we refer , the strongest justification for our continuous opposition to Free Trade , unaccompanied b y those prudent and timely concessions which it was the duty of Government and landlords to make to the working classes , and which it was the duty of Free Traders to contend for ?
How often have wc published the fact , that during the transition from Protection to Free Trade , and until society was re-organised upon , the latter principle , the labouring classes would be the first to suffer ,. then the shopkeepers , then the traders and manufacturers of every denomination ; and , lastly , the landlords , who , by their political influence and the control of then- tenants , would be tlie
last to loosen their grasp of monopoly . And do Ave hot recognise the foreshadowing ofthe gathering elements in the assertion , ' that whereas it took the Corn-law League seven years to marshal their forces for Free Trade , it has only required a month , and not the assistance of any ofthe old * ' STARS , '' to marshal a more powerful array of Financial and Parliamentary Reformers .
Let the writer , however , not delude himself , with the false notion , that this new army of Crusaders will be as patient and as reliable upon the promised benefits from the new agitation , as the recruits in the Free Trade army were . No ; the oft-deceived people will no longer rely upon distant means to accomplish the promised ends—they will now reverse the proposition , and secure a sufficient amount of those promised ends , to secure the political means b y which their full hopes may be realised . ¦
Is there a sentence or a- word in tho article to whichwerefer , as regards the present state of Europe—foreign -policy—England ' s position , or financialstate and prospects—the embarassments of Ministers-i-the dislocation , of parties —and the onl y possible means of . re-organising society—which Ave have not stereotyped ' and repeated to our humble readers to surfeit ' : and however the Chancellor of the Exchequer may raise the cheers of tine drones who live upon the honey ofthe bees , by the announcement that correspondingly with an enormous increase of poor rates , his Exchequer is , so full that no pensioned pauper need fear the nonpayment of his salary upon quarter-day ; What is this but a boast of legalised , or rather , privileged plunder ? Empty stomachs '
The Land. "The Folly Of The Day Is The W...
naked backs , bare feet , bastiles fille d to bursting , an over-stocked Labour market , ana a full Exchequer . Suppose such a contrast could be drawn from such an exposition , made by a financial minister in a foreign country- ^ in a Republic for instance , how long Avouldit take our Monarchial rulers and their Pressgang to exhaust their denunciation of such a system ? Let us now repeat our stereotyped definition of Free Trade . We showed the relative position of the foreign grower , or the importer of foreign corn , and the grower of home produce , ' thus' . —There are two bags of corn standing side by sidein Mark-lane ; the buyer opens the
Eng lish sack and out pops a little Crown , a Bishop ' s Mitre , a Parson ' s Surplice , an Admiral , a Naval Staff , a Field Marshal and Military Staff , an Excise Officer , a Customhouse Officer , a Poor-rate Collector , a Pensioner , a Soldier , a Sailor , a Policeman , a Prinie Minister and his Governmental Staff , Land-Tax Collector , Highway-Rate Collector , and a host of idle paupers living upon unwilling-idle workmen . He opens the American sack , and out jumps a little President , with scarely any accompaniment : and hoAV is it possible that the grower of this gilded grain can compete Avith the groAver of the unadulterated corn ? ;
Those who so enthusiastically agitated for Free Trade as a distinct and substantive measure , have now discovered that Protection was the keystone of the old social arch , upon which the social superstructure was erected ; and they have discovered the error of striking the centre instead of commencing by lightening the burthen it Avas to bear . They took no note of Peel ' s Currency Bill of 1819 ; they took no note of our Avhole monetary system ; they took no note of foreign progress and foreign
competition ; then * whole cry was "HIGH WAGES , CHEAP BREAD , and PLENTY T O D O ;'' and . the gaping , hungry multitude , framed their opinions upon the promise ^ of the big loaf placed upon the top of a long pole . Some of their tables stated , confidently , that the price of broad would be reduced from ninepence to sixpence per loaf , and that the landlords would be ultimately compelled to make a commensurate reduction of rent « to
their tenants ; Ave , however , assured the people that cheap and dear Avere relative terms , and , that the man out of employment or badly paid would find it more difficult to purchase the large loaf for sixpence , than the man well employed and at remunerative wages avouM find it to purchase the same loaf for ninepence ; and Ave think that the increase of poor rates , the reduction of wages , and the increased surplus in the Labour market , has fully borne
out our assertion , and Ave will now submit such a table of rents , and reduction in the price of bread consequent upon , not the reduction but the remission of rent altogether , as regards the consumer ' s profit ; and we beg to call particular attention to tho following table , based upon the presumed reduction in the price of bread , from ninepence to sixpence a loaf , consequent upon the landlords' reduction of rent .
Flour makes bread , wheat makes flour , land makes wheat , and Labour makes the land able to produce it . The average produce of an acre of Avhoat is set down at three quarters . The rent of such land is roughly estimated at £ l an acre . Three quarters are twenty-four bushels . Eight bushels of wheat will grind into seven bushels of flour ; twentyfour bushels of wheat will grind into twentyone bushels of flour ; a bushel of flour Avill make eighteen quartern loaves ; twenty . one bushels of flour , or the produce of an acre of wheat Avill make 378 quartern loaves . Now ,
378 halfpence is los . 9 d ., and 378 farthings is 7 s . 10 a d ,, making 1 / . 3 s . 7 H >> or at three farthings a loaf for reduction , 3 s . 7 $ d . more than the Avhole rent ; or , if he reduces his rent from 1 / . an acre to 4 s . 3 d . an acre , it would make < a reduction of one halfpenny in the quartern loaf ; or if he reduced his rent from 1 / . an acre to 12 s . l £ d . an acre , or over thirtyfive per cent ., it would reduce the price ? of the quartern loaf from ninepence to -eightpence three farthings . But measure the reduction in the price of bread b y the Free Trade standard , at from ninepence to sixpence , and how does the matter stand ? Why thus—the acre lots for 1 / ., the produce ofthe acre makes 378 quartern loaves , and the reduction from
ninepence to sixpence a loaf would amount to" 4 / . 14 s . Gd ., or 3 / . 14 s . 6 d more than the Avhole rent . So that Ave Avould ask , hoAV , in the name of common sense , the consuming classes could have been so juggled by those who advocated Freo Trade , under the simple delusion that all the corn-growing countries in the world would send their produce here and take our manufactured goods instead of money , and that every rattle-box would be at work ; never understanding that cunning Jonathan Avould take gold instead of goods , and then come to the English market and buy English goods at a depreciated price with English gold , made more valuable in consequence of its scarcity .
But , to return to the poor man ' s interest in Free Trade—that is , the man Avho cultivates his own land—it matters not to him three straws what'tho price ofthe amount of bread he grows for his own consumption is ; Avhile the man who can make guano , or lime mixed with soil and Avell turned , a substitute for dung , is a most egregious fool if he grows one single blade of corn . It is labour lost , as the worst crop of roots is nlore profitable and less exhausting than the very best crop of wheat ,
and is less liable to failure , and still further can be turned into manure on the spot , by feeding pigs or cattle , both of which may be taken Avholesale to market . HoAvever , sinking the question of Free Trade and its results , and overlooking tho probable consequences to the working man ofthe present agitation for Financial and Parliamentary Reform , should both be successful , we tender our cordial thanks to the " Weekly Dispatch , " for its able and comprehensive article ; ire commend it to the perusal of every working man , and present to the dissatisfied , the picture of tlie
MIDDLESEX GRAVEL-PIT FARMER , and say unto him , " Go , do thou likewise ;" and then there Avill not be a pauper iutlie land , Avhen , iu , the words of the '' Dispatch , '' there is / , •' ---"A SPADE IN EVERY LABOURER ' S FIST . " . . r
« A Spade In Every Labourer's.Fist." / (...
« A SPADE IN EVERY LABOURER'S . FIST . " / ( From the " WeeMy Dispatch . " ) .: '¦ Until ' a House of Commons is not a House of Commons , the nation , can do nothing for its own government and salvation . Could no arrangement be made whereb y the speeches might be understood to have been made without actually inflicting their tediousness upon the executive , or by which the talking might go onto the galleries , and reporters , while all the Bills were perfected and passed by " ' a Committee iip-stairs ? " We honestly confess to having a feeling of sympath y " with Ministers . AVevnust do them the justice to believe that they do , not what they wouldbut what they
, can . It is among absolute sovereigns that the most fundamental changes are made .: Prussia ^ t by one streke of the pen , made all its leasehold ' farmers freeholders on the spot . . Napoleon , in three words , abolished primogeniture . The Dictators of Spain , within a week after they attained ^ power , seized upon the huge estates of the church , and bestowed them on the people . This is the year of fundamental principles . Woe to England if she be driven to them when she should voluntarily adopt them . We may ignorantl y congratulate om--seives upon having escaped the hurricane of change and the whirlwind of revolution , "We
« A Spade In Every Labourer's.Fist." / (...
isS rsSSSsrt quakes should visit aU * wp . ^^ & leading nation «^ %£ jg * will n ever be pathetic shock , m tact , •* - < " r . L « until Englandtato » - ~ flg £ the universal movement , w . e must ourselves , or others will reform ™^ ° gfjj we take to be inevitable . Whether it will * , peaceful and constitutional , or anarchul ana violent / will depend on the wisdom ot oui rulers in leading a marsh they cannot stop , or their folly in opposing a tide they cannot stem . We repeat it—tins is the epoch of fundamental principles . The anatomy of society . b no wr , « c ; i . lr . * d to its very fifth pair of nerves
and its smallest veins and cartilages . Men found it to be necessary , and they didit « The whole head is sore , and the whole heart sick . " The engine doesn't . work , ^ aiid the engineers take it to pieces to see'whether- it is the large piston or the small pinion that is at fault : Socialism , Fourierism , Communism , Saint Simonianism , are disinterred , and set up before mankind as the serpent in flie wilderness , which is to be looked upon by the people , and to stay the plague . Men have become at least convinced that there is a plague . That
has taken fast hold of the masses of all European nations , from the French to the Austrian-Polish serfs , and fromthesebackagam the English people . We cannot much longer go on as Ave are , and if we could we are not inclined . Here are the Financial and Parliamentary Reformers started into , power and influence literally at once . What it took the Anti-Corn Law League seven years to accomplish , has been done by their successors in a month . They have found a ready-made public .. Large theatres crowded to . the ceiling , without one ofthe old stars to draw a house . Will rulers-not be warned ? " What has
brought these masses together but that every man and mother ' s son of them is in uneasy circumstances—anxious about to-morrow—discontented with to-day—finding the world going back Avith them—corroborated in their fears by the distempered faces of their neighbours . This is the stuff of which the special constables weremadeAvhosaved thenation , when the mercenaries ofthe Continent fellawayfromtheside of authority . How . long and . how often can they be depended upon in their present temper ? Six precious months have been trifled away in elaborate nothings , and the solemn futility of making a demonstration of going for to go , and ' never going after all . Who will
venture to say that any real fundamental Avork has been done . Who -will deny that our fate cries out and champions us to the utterance ? Crime , rates , poverty , debts , bankruptcy , insolvency , population , all overtaking us with gigantic and geometrical strides—and not a single attempt made to get out of the . way . The rural population are in a desperate condition . The town masses are Avithout a home trade or country customers . The country is Avithout the means of purchase . The farmers aro wild and desperate , create the miseries they deplore , pay off their hands , and then say ,. " Behold the fruits of Free Trade . " We charge it against our . rulers that they have not redeemed the time . " The --winter is
past— -the summer ended—Ave are not saved . " We have outlived the oligarchical principle . The population have outg rown the practicability of its continuance . If the Land be not opened to the industry and enterprise , and small savings of small men , Ave see only one result to the present movement . AH the nations of Europe have been compelled to get rid of entail and primogeniture . We could endure these vile laws longer and with smaller peril , because our Colonies , our manufactures , our
vast commerce , enabled us better to bear up against their ruinous influences . But the confusion of Europe and the powerful competition ofthe United States driving us back on our oAvn resources , have ' so aggravated the difficulties of our position that , Avithout the immediate disengagement of the soil from the close grasp of a pernicious monopoly , we can no longer find the means of maintaining and employing our annual increment of half-a-million of mouths , and whole million of hands that must either be filled Avith Avork or will fill themselves of
mischief . Let ihe people on to the Land . There lies our salvation—politically , socially , That is the Avay to make freeholders , independent electors . Dock entails , and let insolvent Ducal life-renters pay off their debts by the sale of their estates , and live the happier upon a residue they can call their OAvn . Abolish Poor Rates as a local' tax , and repeal the laAv of settlement . Put a spade into the peasant's fist , and tell him that his cottage and its surrounding five acres are his oato , when he has Avorked the price out of them . It Avill take no
great Avhile . The Avonders of small holdings accumulate upon us . We exposed the case of the farmer ' s poor hireling and his hard-earned nine shillings—tho patient drudge of another man . Here is its counterpart , or rather , its antithesis , in the person of the man who is his own master , and labours lor himself . The scene of this biography lies in Middlesex—not a dozen miles from Bow bell . The subject of it was one of those parish nuisances who could not make up his mind to break road metal , and yet never got regular work , He has a
family , and took as much beer as ever by hook or by crook he could come by . An eleemosynary Avorker , a sort of odd man iu the village , careful men mentally laid at his door all undetected parochial peccadilloes . He cast his eyes upon the old worn-out gravel-pit of the village on the neighbouring heath . There are two acres and a half of it Avith a largo waterholo in the middle . It was of no use to anybody . He offered 12 s . Gd . a-year for the Avhole , and Avas duly installed as tenant . He began his work in the spring , and got a loan of cabbage-plants , of peas , and seed potatoes .
He discovered the hidden riches of the waterhole . Load after load of fertilising mud he hauled out of tho pond , and wheeled upon tho land . He worked with his spade early and late—Avife and children helping . A staged pony and a truck carried his vegetables every morning ' to market . He was always at it . Not a square inch Avas idle for an hour . The cabbages were taken up at sunrise for the market ; and when he returned with the proceeds his family had already planted the vacant space Avith a neAv crop . Even the Avaterhole , planted Avith osiers , brought the custom of the basket-makers . The world throve ' with
him , and as ambition saw the way cleared , it stimulated self-respect . He became a teetotaler . The pony gave place to a horse . Be had crop enough to take to London , and brought back manure , in the return cart . Fertility and production increased . He got stronger and healthier as he could afford to be Defter fed . He worked harder , earlier , later . He devised new contrivances , and ventured
upon more expensive crops , until at last , in ten years' occupation . of two acres and a half 5 < 25 > , S ^ -P ^ we . find him master of £ 300 in hard cash in the hank- respected as a warm man and a stead y friend in the village , and is about to treble the size of his holding , and start m the character of a prosperous small farmer whom landlords will be glad to secure as a tenant ! He has , he tells us , hbours
neig whose "history is almosta counter-1 part of his own . « Give a nian , " says Arthur Xpung , , Uhe freehold of a hare rock , and he will convert itinto a garden . Give him a nine years lease of a garden , and he will turn it into a desert . " Let apeasant labour For himself , and ^ behold the result . Make him the uiuoge of another , at weekly Avasres andiipxt wmter youAvill find himbeggmg weeMv loavn irom
the Union . We bury the virtues of the » axon peasant whence make him a farmer ' s Slave . Set him ou his own legs , on his own ground , and there Is not a moor or heath in in land that ho will not make as productive as Aylesbury Yale or Eomney Marsh ,
« A Spade In Every Labourer's.Fist." / (...
PARLIAMENTARY BE VIEW . As the Session approaches its close , the impo ^ SSe ^ f ihe topicsdi ^ cu ^ both Houses increases . Having to a conside of the vear the near vision ot the litn ot l ^ J ^ ey ^ m bor ^ un ^ and ^ me bagshoused on ? legislators from , * " * *** £ and indolence into something like activity , antt at a season of the year . when fine sunny weather excites a longing for the green fields , shadr ' woods , and : pleasures of a life in the country , Peers , Commons , clerks , reporters , and all those who are tied to the Parliamentary machine , are compelled t o drudge . through S e work and 'double hours of toilsome ^ m ^^ tarybeview .
National POOR RATE .-LordIsvgext brought an important practical question before the Commons last week , hy moving for a Committee to inquire into the practicability ot better providing for the maintenance ot the indigent poor of England and Wales , by an equal and general apportionment of the burdens ofthe same . " We certainly must express surprise that such a monster grievance should in the Legisla
hot have sooner been discussed - ture . It will scarcely be believed by those Avho have not given attention to this subject , that the inequality in the rating for the support of the poor varies to the extent it does . It absolutely ranges from one farthing to fourteen shillings in the pound I Now , undoubtedly , the intent and meaning ofthe original Act of Elizabeth , and the plain common sense of the question , is , that property of all kinds should contribute to the support of the poor in fair
and equitable proportions . But an examination of the returns ordered by the House of Commons on this subject , brings to light the fact—and proves it in the most indisputable manner— -that the rich escape the burden of supporting the poor , and that it is thrown upon the poorer parishes—that is , those parishes in which the greatest number of middle . and working classes , and the smallest number of the more opulent gentry , reside . Lord Nugent instanced cases of this gross inequality ,
Avhich Avere certainly sufficiently startling ; but he did not bring out the injustice so clearly as he might have done . The inequality pf rating applies equally to toAvns and to counties . ' In both the rich contrive to shuffle off the burden of supporting the poor to the shoulders of those least able to bear it , while , at the same time , the system is continually at Avork to add to the riches ofthe feAv and the poverty of the many . First , as to the counties . Taking the comparatively p oor counties of Bucks , Dorset , Essex , Oxford , Southampton , Sussex , and Wiltswe find an average rate of 2 s . 9 d . in
, the pound upon a total annual value of property assessed amounting to 7 , 397 , 71 U Contrasting these with seven rich and populous counties—namely , Chester , Lancaster , Lincoln , Middlesex , Northumberland , Stafford , and York ( three Ridings ) , avc have an average rate of Is . Gd . in the pound upon a total annual value of property , assessed at 24 , 892 , 795 / . But this inequality , AA'hen counties are contrasted Avith counties , is still more apparent within the counties themselves , Avhen parish is
contrasted Avith parish . The landlord Avho OAvns the Avhole of a parish agrees Avith the farmers to whom he lets his land , that they Avill keep down the resident poor and eA-ade the laAv of settlement , by making it what is called " a close parish / ' This is effected in a very simple manner ; the landlord builds no neAv cottages , and as fast as he can get possession of those in existence , by the death or removal of their inmates , he pulls them down . He and his tenants hire all their labourers
from the nearest" open parish , " Avhich , being subdivided among several proprietors , cannot be closed in this snug way . The labourers are by one means or another driven into this pauper warren , and made to Avalk some miles daily , to and from their Avork in the " close parish . " The landlord draws his rents , the farmer his profits , from their labour , as long as they can work—Avhen they can toil no longer they are flung as a useless piece of -timber on the " open parish , " to add to the heap of pauperism of which it is at once the nursery and the last refuge . This explains Lord Nugent ' s statement—that in some parishes the rates are only one farthing in the pound , Avhile in others thev are fourteen shillings ! Similar
abuses exist in the rating of toAvn parishes . In London the poorest ratepayers pay the highest rates . London , Avithiu the Avails * , Avith a rated propert y of the annual value of G 13 , 833 / . pays Is . 7 d . in the pound , Avhile the citizens Avithout the Avails , Avith a rated property of 211 , 150 / ., pay 2 s . lOd . That is , in plain Avords , about one-third the amount of annual property pays nearly twice the sum to the relief ofthe poor . But CA'en that disproportion is moderate compared with the rate on povertystricken and squalid Bethnal-green , with its thousands of toiling and starving handloom Avcayers , and that paid by aristocratic and fashionable , St . George ' s , Hanover-square . In Bethnal-green the rate Is 2 s . 8 H ., Avhile the rich
West-end parish gets offAvitharate of 7 | d . in the pound , or one-quarter of the amount levied upon the poorer rate-payers in the East . But even this is exceeded b y the case of two parishes in the City , within the walls . The parish of St . Christopher Stock , is Avholly occupicd by the Bank of England and the Gresham Committee . The first of these wealthy' corporations " cannot state the amount of its Avealtb , " the annual income of the other is about 20 , 000 / . ; the Avhole amount raised for the poor in this happy parish by these enormously Avealthy bodies , is some ' - thing over 100 / . every alternate year ! The anomalies and the oppressiA'encss of the present system of rating meet us in Avhatevor
direction we turn . '¦ With the exception of Barnard ' s Inn and bt . Clement Danes , all the Inns of Court and Chancery are extra-parochial , and , therefore , exempt from any poor-rate at all . The swarms of lawyers who ply their A-ocatiou , and giw rich in these Inns , contribute nothing to the support of the poor , so far as their residence there is concerned . Those of them
Avho lucre houses in addition to their chambers , have them in rich and lightly-rated parishes . In like manner , the'Avealthy and richly-endowed Universities escape ; and all over the country there aro scattered these extra-parochial places , Avhich by the neglect of our- Legislature to keep pace With the demands ofthe times and the altered circumstances by avhich we are surrounded , aro alloAved to pass scot-free .
_ \ S hen the immense sum annually raised for the support of the poor is taken into consideration , and tho probabilit y of its increase , under our present misery-producing " system is kept m view , it is obvious that this is a great and practical question . Nothing can be more just or more self-evident than that ofthe principle so often laid down in Parliament of late- ^ namely , that " the property of the country must . support the poverty in the
country , ltas . high time that principle should be apphed to property in England . It is monstrous ^ and disgraceful that landed proprietors , nch banks ,: ; and- ' co-operate bodies , gentlemen learned in the law , and wealthy and fashionable tradesmen , should escape from bearing their fan- proportion ofth e burdening posed by the existence of pauperism , and shift that burden on to the backs of those least able tobear . it . . Though Lord Nugents motion was defeated , as mi ght have been anticipated , it raised aquestion Avhich must not be allowed to sleep ,: but be urged upon the attention of the Legislature , from time to time , ' with an earnestness and a pertinacity worthy of its importance , \
The Budget . —The long-delayed financial statement of the Chancelloii of the ExciiequER , as delivered by him , Quite , xealised
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), June 30, 1849, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_30061849/page/4/
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