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THE LAND
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TO THE WORKING CLASSES. Mr Fbirnds, —I h...
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In rep l y to the above, I beg to thank ...
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and nattcI Al::teiil : ;iiSiL.::!:: :
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M. an. P. 671: ; »
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" Now's the day, and bow's the hour, See...
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TO THE OLD 01JABDS. My Dear Oid Fbiends,...
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ADDRESS FROM THE ALLOTTEES AT O'CONNORVI...
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^a v^ itoyiiphw
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nr j" Beze #9 Toiiit IN THE N0HTH ' .—0n...
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Improvemen ts !ax Kensington.--It is v I...
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; ^ -^gTMINSTERiND PIMLlC0: " • ' . I , ...
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LATEST INTELLIGENCE. , , ; \ DISTURBANCE...
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• The- Type-founders Strike.—At Worship-...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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The Land
THE LAND
To The Working Classes. Mr Fbirnds, —I H...
TO THE WORKING CLASSES . Mr Fbirnds , —I have frequently told yon that the Land in its present state , wmpareato the state itnmy be brought . to , *« F ^ T ? whatrawflaxis to cambric when manafac-^ ^^^ st ^ rsSet kingdom were opposed to my ^ . -ilhave fieqnStly toM &™ Zt * L l * * -asxna ^ e ™ £ «^ J d VO uld see
^ ^ y SX f ^ C ^ thei / knowled ge would progress as population and poor rate 8 increased , I n . perfectly aware that it would leameno abort toe , and . that it would insure fefmo no small amount of antagonism , to enlighten the peop le upon a subject which was calculated to make them independent of tyrants , and to transform them from slaves to
freemen . It is a very general practice to reprobate any system propounded by the friend of the people , whereas , if the same systemis propounded b y a person who takes no interest in politics , it may bs lauded ; and , in order to prove to the reader that "The foll y of to-day may be the wisdom of the morrow , " and , that however a popular man may be reviled for promoting popular p rinciples , I will call the attention of the reader to- the following able and irrefutable letter , of the celebrated and intellectual BarkieiMaeiineau , which appeared in the Leader newspaper of last week , and upon which the editor of that newspaper wrote a very able article \
. My friends } , in her letter yon will find the repetition of what I have written and spoken thousands of times , and , as I have frequently told yon , the arduous duty of clearing away robbish and digging the foundation , devolves npon labourers , before the architect . can erect a house , I have been on . eof Uabeiei Mas-TiNEAO ' -ff labourers , and I trust that she will turn out to be the architect to erect' edifices for the poor upon their own land .
I do not know whether the perusal of her letter will g ive you any pleasure , while it gives me a vast amount of joy , and for this reason , because you . may rely upon it , that parties who will not read xaj works will critically peruse the works of that celebrated authoress j and furthermore , because you may rely npon it , that contend against what opposition I may , I will carry out the Land scheme , until I see it become the national system whereb y your order will cease to be slaves , and because I feel convinced , that ere long , I shall have the whole of the working class population of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland asissting me in contending ' for the princi ple . .
Now . reader , here is the letter of Hakmet Martikeait , and let me implore of you to peruse it with attention . Here it is . Sib , —I observe in the Leader for August 10 th a remark which induces me to write you this letter . After g iving some extracts from an account which I furnished ( by desire of an assistant poor law commissioner } of a small experiment in fanning my little fields , you say you trust I shall see its connexion with several questions in political economy which require elucidation . This makes me suppose that you would like to have my profession of faith on one or two points which are more freel y discussed in your paper than I see them elsewhere . Whatever I think on these
subjects may be found avowed somewhere or other in my published writings ; but though I have nothing new to tell in regard to my convictions , it may possibl y be useful to speak them plainl y and concisel y , in answer to the sort of appeal which yon have made to me . . In a work of mine , published in 1837 , called ** Society in America , " there is a chapter entitled "Property . " In that chapter ( if I remember rightly , and I have not the book at hand ) I declared my conviction that the institution of property was necessary , and therefore , venerable in its own time and place , is
destined , like most , or all , institutions , to be superseded ; that it was in so many directions wearing out ; that it was clear that the time was come for it to be brought into question , and for experiments to be made by select companies of enlightened persons to dispense with it , and to try the co-operative princi ple , after finding how unsatisfactory was the working of the competitive . ' In giving an account of such communities as I had visited in America , I declared the fact that , economically , they had all answered well ; that the societies were rich ; and that , though the members were not
enlightened and happy , the failure was not attributable to their associative princi p le , bnt in every case to the imposition of dogmas , and the palpable violation of some of the most indisputable laws of nature . If such was my view thirteen years ago , when it was scarcel y possible to avow such convictions without being sent to Coventry , I need hardly say how strongl y I feel on the matter now , when every year has been opening the subject more and more widely , and associative institutions are springing np everywhere , and their members are studied in all their acts with almost as
much interest as dread . M y view of this change , and of the extension of the associative princi ple , may be found recorded at p . 867 , vol . i . of my ¦ " History of the Thirty Years Peace , " apropos of London club-houses . BariagaU these jears I havo never shared the popular dread of" Socialism" ( as it was called ) as of a social earthquake , which was to overthrow everything most stable and most valuable . I have always felt that changes in the fundamental constitution of society can arise only ont of the ripened
will of society . While this will is ripening , under the light and warmth of conviction , the transition is sore to be made safe by tbe trial of the requisite number of experiments , by companies who are , or believe themselves ready to begin . The more such the better , provided only that the experiments are begun and carried on in a spirit of earnestness and patience , and by men and women who know what they are about . The matter is too serious for , not only levity , but for either intellectual or moral bagtines ? : ; ,: "All being deliberately , and conscientiously arid dispassionately done , the more experiments of life in . association the better .
: ' I expect little at present from associations which have not an agricultural basis . I mean from such associations as exclude the employing capitalist . The common shop , tbe common kitchen , the common supply of light , warmth , water , & e ., may , no doubt be made to answer well everywhere . Bnt when itcomes to Tailors' Associations and the like , 1 do not see how , - considering the state of society outside , they can at present succeed for all the purposes , required of them . Idn not see how the best workmen are to be retained . " It is possible that continuity of employment may compensate to all bnt the best workmen for soiaereduction of
receipts ; but the very best , who can always command employment , are not to be expected , and ought not to be asked , to . sacrifice so many shillings a week to their association with inferior workmen . This Is a matter which . wfli presently indicate itself . If we keep our minds open to learn , we shall certainly soon be taught ; and the more instructive experiments the better . ^ y . ' ?^? , * " ! ^ hope ' fwthe improvement of 9 ™ . *« £ . S * g ? P > , ? the directing of intelligeB nU $ &¦ cmti « 6 oa of the ' soU . We must have the ^ mxaee & nt , orihemaedimioa or tenure of- the sod can do us no good , We may F ^ e fw /^^ f ^ BanftmaJl holdme /
^ and be no better off , unless science and ' sense are ImpngnVtd bewon the process of cultivation I nave seen the noble works of the litelortf & ieester » Norfolk , where thousands of human beings have oeetftalled into existence , and are living in comfort and intelligence under the system of the largest fanning ^ to be seen in England ; and , on the other . hand , Ihave . seen the dreadful state , of savagery in which labourers are liring . bn other large pro perties where the game is more considered than the human inhabitants . 1 have seen in foreign countries - ami
m ' rare instances at home , bbw'happj families may l & fivipgjmVsmau , landed froperties of their own wander a wise landlord , provided they , were educitedenongh to make the best use of their means and again , no 6 ns need go further than- tbe district m' ^^ Uve ' to ' see tbat theI possession of land is not enough to mike men happy , ' or moderatel y easy n > their , circumstances .. The , ' « e ' ltatesmen" ; of Westmoreland and Cumberland have ., everything which ; according to theory , ought to suffice to outward welfare . Bnt they have ( too many-of them ) wllea behind the intelligence of the time . Their
To The Working Classes. Mr Fbirnds, —I H...
tillage is slovenly—their old-fashioned ways are wasteful . Their sons eo off to the towns , while the land cries out for more labour ; the soil becomes exhausted ; the owner becomes disheartened , and falls back in his affairs . His land is mortgaged ; and too often he takes to drinking . After a struggle of a few years , more or less , the land falls to the mortgagee , the family sinks down into some menial position , and sees its old possession in new hands . If the new owners bring more intelligence to bear upon the' land , no one can complain of the change ; and people tell one another that they ought not to j be sorry . Jet who can witness the spectacle and not he sorry ? . > . ' ¦ .
. Notwithstanding all that I have seen of the failure of farming , large and small , I am as much convinced as ever that in the land we possess the original means of external well-being for tbe whole of society . I am persuaded that , if science and intelligence were brought to bear on the cultivation of the soil in our own island , there would be found not one superfluous pair of hands—not one mouth that might not be easily fed . The great interest at present , of the question about the tenure of land lies in the other question—what tenure is most likely to promote the direction of science and sense towards the cultivation of the soil . . ' The state of things among us , though improving , seems to me at present so bad tbattlshould be'disposed to postpone
everything else to the . consideration of how agricultural science and method can be most radically and extensively improved . We-ji ^ g reat landowners "thinking of everything ^ sooher than ^ adjusting their rents , abolishing their game , and selecting their tenants by their personal qualifications for their business . We see the farmers half-educated , or less , sinking their capital in unprofitable methods or scandalous waste , and crying but for protection instead of demanding an adjustment of rents and of the condition of farming . Andj if we look at snch small portions of land as are held by humble owners , we see the exhausted field , the foul , coarse pasture , the . dank , mischievous hedge , the filthy pig , the cow
out in the rain , or maddened by the heat and the flies ; in short , all the blemishes and miseries of mismanagement . Happily , we see also a Mechi arid a Huxtable here and there rising np to teach us better things . With the spectacle before us of what they can do , and the knowledge that , at present , in the most cultivated districts of England , the labour employed is , on the average , only one man to four acres of arable land ( excluding thepasture and woodland , which employ scarcely any at all ) , we may , I think , conclude that a wide and cheerful prospect opens before us of subsistence and comfort for the people , if only we ' can secure the intelligence
needful to educe tbe good frem the material . The grand question is , how this may best be done . I do hot think it can be done , nor much aided , by establishing a small proprietary , if we could have such a thing to-morrow . 1 suppose the strongest argument on behalf of a small proprietary is , that that order of persons is found to be the most careful yet known on that most important point of social duty , " proportioning numbers to the means of subsistence . With such , the laws of nature appear to operate to this end ; ( and there is so use attempting to contravene such laws by either preaching or enactment ) It seems to be natural to such to wait till comfort can attend
the state of marriage and parentage , and to shrink from dooming their children to a condition of poverty which they could not themselves eudure . I suppose , too , that the strongest objection to associative projects is , that prudence would be discouraged and selfishness of every kind invited and fostered- The difficulty in regard to numbers appears to me to be pressing under every system , and on every supposition which we are yet qualified to make . The most careful peasant proprietor cannot offer his children ( at most to only one or two of
them , ) a support out of his land when he is gone , and the rest , with their families ,, must draw their subsistence from some other source . What we have to hope is , that science and moral cultivation will keep pace with the need . What we know is , that the social system which best encourages the growth and enlightenment of tbe understanding and the conscience is that which will best meet tbe difficulty which seems to pervade all It may be fairly asked whether , w ' tbis relation , any system can be much worse than that under which we . ire
living ; that under which the prudent , and intelligent , and virtuous man ( fanner , manufacturer , or tradesman ) cannot enter upon domestic life before five-and-forty , because pauperised , and ignorant , and hopeless boys and girls are marrying by hundreds at eighteen . Under such a system where is the encouragement to the wise of this generation ? And what is the prospect for the next ? Very small and humble as is my farming experiment , you may , perhaps , see that it has some importance in my eyes . It began in thoughts of household convenience , but it soon showed itself under a better aspect . It is proceeding well ; and I could tell to any who wish it , of . some enlargement as well as good success . It is an absolute creation of
the subsistence ef two persons . If I could tell what a revolution it has wrought in the lives of those two persons , many might be induced , to put a hand to a similar experiment . Then there is the example to a nei g hbourhood which much needs it . At first I was asked by one and another , what on earth I could find for the man to do ; and was told how one man was not hard-worked with tbe care of . three horses , a carriage , a large garden , a kitchen-garden , and eight or nine acres of land ( pasture ) besides ; and again , how thirty acres with ten cows on them , would hardly employ one man , and so on . It seems not unreasonable to hope that a few may be awakened to some sense of the value of land by telling what comes out of my little field .
If further information is desired , I shall be happy to furnish it ; and if we fail at last ,. I shall , of course , report the fact . lam , SirVyours , & c ., Harriet Mabiineau . Bolton , near Skipton , August 15 th , 1850 . And now reader , I shall not make a comment upon the above letter , and shall conclude by subscribing myself as Your Faithful Friend , And a strict adherer to the only principle that can elevate your order , Feakgus O'Connos .
In Rep L Y To The Above, I Beg To Thank ...
In rep l y to the above , I beg to thank the first located members of the Company for their integrity , and I only wish that the occupants upon the other estates had acted as honestly . With regard to leasee ,,. 1 beg to inform my friends that every man who pays ; up bis rent upon any of the estates shall receive . bisleaw according to the rules of th . esociety ; and when that is done—whether : the estates , are . sold , or not—the occupants will be tenants to the purchaser , who cannot oust them . And I also bjeg to inform all who have received Aid Money , and have given promissory notes for paymen t of the amount—* nd for which amount t ^ 'o parties have ' become security—I beg to inform those parties that the several % 6 tes , amou ing to between seven and eig ht bundijeq pounds , liave been handed over to Mr . . B ° herts » with my instruction to ^ proceed instantaneously for the recovery of the same , and I wg ^ to inform . them that the legal expenses will not be insi gnificant . . . .. . . ^ - . :. -J Fbarws O'Connob .
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And Nattci Al::Teiil : ;Iisil.::!:: :
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" Now's The Day, And Bow's The Hour, See...
" Now ' s the day , and bow's the hour , See the froat of battle lour , See approach Kapoleon ' s power , Napoleon--chains and slavery . "
To The Old 01jabds. My Dear Oid Fbiends,...
TO THE OLD 01 JABDS . My Dear Oid Fbiends , —I have often told you that you were never to believe a word that appeared in newspapers that were upheld , and made profit for the proprietors , by telling lies of your order , and receiving advertisements from those who were opposed to your order . How often have I told you , that if the veritable working classes assembled in " hundreds of thousands , nay millions , to define and adopt
the princi ples of veritable Democracy , not a line of their proceedings would be published in a single newspaper , while upon the contrary , if a few black slugs , freetraders , protectionists , railway managers , or shopkeepers meet in a cockloft to discuss those principles , the adoption of which ' would destroy your order , their proceedings will occupy columns in the several newspapers .. Old ' Guaras , the "Special ' Constable " PrbbidebT has made his tohr through France , in the hope of creating an , amount of tyrannical power that would enable him {^' become Emperor . The Times and other newspapers
represent his recep tion in the most glowing colours , while the French papersr-which g ive a true and veritable account of his . progress— - state that he was hissed , hooted , and fired at . But , Old Guards , can you , or can any , the wisest man propound a greater folly than this ? The cry of "VIVE LA REPUBLIQUE " was considered as an insult to the man wbo was elec ^ TB EBiDEHT of tie Republic . ; Now ' * heri the newspapers and the friends of the : " Si pecialConstable " President , set down such a cry as an insult , can you have a dearer proof that this jugg ler wants to destroy ge Teryjpwer : b y . which he was elevated to hw present position ? And . will not the fact of the National Guards and others ^ shouting Vtve la Repiffl que , convince youy that if you were as rterling to your principles as the
To The Old 01jabds. My Dear Oid Fbiends,...
French people are , that Democracy would soon become the basis of the English Government ? The President has now returned to Paris , and in no short time you will see the result of his reception in the provinces ., -Youwill see France divided into Socialists , Communists , Republicans , Legitimatists , . Bonapartists , and , God only knows what , and . then your English rulers will discover , that they can no longer , base their tyranny upon their alliance with the " Special Constable" of
KENNINGTON COMMON .. Old Guards , I have often told you , that English tyranny is based upon popular disunion and foreign alliance . Russia , now the most powerful state in Europe , entertains a deadly hostility to England , and the Russian bear has set his wits to work to ' see bow . bje could establish such an alliance with the " Special Constable" as would enable France and Russia to establiBh tyranny and despotism all over Europe . . " . SLASHING HARRY " -has told you that England was bound in a recognisance of EIGHT HUNDRED MILLIONS .
to keep the peace ; and I tell you , that ^ w people upon the face of the earth ever enter- " tained greater-hostility to another people than the French do to the English . They have not forgotten Waterloo , and they never will forget it , " And it is because the power of the English Minister has ever been based upon the hope of foreign alliance , that I now write to you , in the hope of preparihgyouto meet the coming struggle . . In France , they will meet it'with the sword and the musket , and the thunder of the cannon . In England you ' can meet it with the thunder of the mind .
Old Guards , on Sunday next I will meet the men of Leicestershire at Mouritsorrell , in company with your latel y emancipated victim Ernest tfoNBS . ; and ' on Monday , the following day , I will meet my constituents in the market-place of Nottingham , where , no . doubt , they remember for several years we have had a good many struggles . ; In conclusion , let me implore of ALL who now profess a love for liberty , and who are anxious to , elevate the condition of the working classes , to unite firmly in the cause of freedom to destroy that antagonism which exists amongst their own order , and to present such a firm front to { the united tyrants , as will bring them to their senses .
OldGuards-*« United you stand , DmdtdjoufeH . " Your Faithful and Uncompromising Friend , Feabgus O'Connor .
Address From The Allottees At O'Connorvi...
ADDRESS FROM THE ALLOTTEES AT O'CONNORVILLE . TO FEARGUS O CONNOB , ESQ ., 11 . P . Respected Sib , It is with mingled feelings of pity and indignation that we have heard of the conduct of some of the allottees on the other estates , who , not content with , refusing to pay tbeir rent , have basely vilified , the . character , and impugned the motives of one whose constant endeavour for years has been to elevate tbe condition of the working classes ,, socially , morally , and p olitically .. We beg to assure
you , that the allottee ' s at O . ' Connorv j Uehave no sympathy with suclr conduct , but are aware of the difficulties which the government have thrown in the way of the legalisation of the Land Plan , as well as the opposition you have had to encounter from the people ' s enemies ; and ,-therefore , we feel that our course is plain , and , that instead of thwarting your efforts , we should render you all the assistance in our power . We most cheerfull y acknowledge you as our landlord , in trust for our brother shareholders ; and , while thanking you for the leniency already shown us , beg to repeat our intention of paying the . rent now
due as soon as ever our circumstances will permit Honoured sir , we are not afraid to pay our rent to you , for the majority of the residents en this estate ( purchasers as well as balloted members ) joined the . Company before registration was talked of , in full reliance on your honour and integrity . That confidence has not been misplaced , and we will not withdraw it to please either the lordly aristocrat , the purse proud capitalist , the grasping middleman , the pettifoging lawyer , orwe grieve to add—the ungrateful of our own order , who have been led asiray by interested parties .
Bui , while thus gratefully acknowledging our obligations to you for past favours , we would take the opportunity of informing you of our wishes for the future ; . Inthe winding . up of the Land . Company , common justice says , " That those who have been devoting their whole energies to , improve the property of the shareholders should not lose the fruits of their exertions . " There appear hut two ways of prevehting that—either by a money compensation , or the framing of leases to the occu pants . We beg . to inform you , that such is our confidence , in the ultimate success of the Plan
that we are unanimous in stating that we would prefer having the allotments secured to us , at an equitable reiit ^ to any pecuniary compensation , however large . We , therefore ; trust , that you will insert a clause in the Bill to effect that object . When speaking of an equitable rent we would remind you , that in consequence of this being the first experiment , the expenditure was necessarily greater than on the other estates . When you take into consideration tbe depreciation in the price of our produce , we think you . will allow that three
per cent , on the outlay will he as much rent as we can pay , and ' at the same time would do justice to our uniocated brethren . Finally , sir , should the estates be sold , wo trust-that you will purchase this , as we wish to retain you as landlord ; we should regiet , after calling this estate by your own name , in honour of the principles you advocate , for . it to fall into the bauds of our enemies . Hoping you will comply with our wishes , and Jive long as our landlord , in the enjoyment of health and happiness , We remain , Dear Sir ,
"With sentiments of gratitude and respect , Tour faithful and devoted fri . ends , Henry RatcIiffe . G . W . . Wheeler , Joseph Wheeler , Samuel Newsome , William Kemplay , Thomas Merrick , Martin Griffiths , sen ., Martin Griffiths , jun ., Samuel COle , Michael Fitzsimmons , John Laabourne , James Parris , Robert Smith , John Sturgeon , John ' Bradford , Philip Ford , George NewsomeJ 'William" House , Thomas Bailey , John Gilbon , Richard Avison , George Pocock , S . Blaketarpugb , Thomas Mead , 1 . . ... Beaton , William Dimmock , William G ambell , : : William Hbare , J . R .. Betts , Joseph White , ! Edward Barber , Janies Linden ; Robert Smith , secretary . ¦ - .
^A V^ Itoyiiphw
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Nr J" Beze #9 Toiiit In The N0hth ' .—0n...
nr j" Beze # 9 Toiiit IN THE N 0 HTH ' . —0 n Monday evening , - August 19 th , Mr ! Bezer lectured in , the New Hall , ; Northampton , on " Political persecution and- its consequences . ?' At the conclusion of the lecture , ! several Democratic songs were sung , and three cheers were given . for all : the Democratic journals . On Tuesday ,- Mri'Bezer lectured at Leicester , ' and delivered a second lecture in the Marketplace
at night Upwards of a thousand persons were present , and several new membersTwei ; e afterwards enrolled . On Thursday , Mr . Bezer lectured at Loughborough ; and oh Sunday " at Sherwood , Forest , ' Nottingham , when , notwithstanding the inclemency , of the weather , several ; hundred , persons were , present . / Mr . Bezer delivered a second lecture in the evening at an indoor meeting . ;• lectured l at Sutton-in-Ashfield the following iday ; $ ! and on Tuesday at Arnold . ; .-.: ¦ W-:-Ai . . . ! ..
Norwich . —Some of the leading Democrats met on Saturday- ' evening-lasf ' at-the Light Hor & m & n , - Stuitfp Cross , and' with the asswt * ahce of two friends from Yarmouth , succeeded in forming a ^ branch ' of the'Associatioii . MrV S . GoaVwas called to : the chauv ' and explained the objeict of the meeting , which was , that sohie ' p lan should- be devised to effect a union of all shades of reformers . A resolution was passed to , admit all persons as members who recognised ; the People ' s Charter as a necessary instrument wherewith to work their redemption . Several members , were . enrolled , and subscriptions paid , and after some excellent speeches-the ; meeting adjourned to Saturday night , . ,, . ' , ¦;
-, THBExKOUiivEnCoMMiiiEB met-at the Charter office , H , Southampton-street , Strand , on Wednesday eVeiiing , August the 28 th . Present : Messrs . G . W . M ; Reynolds , ' E , Miles , J . Grassby , E . ' Stallwood , W . Davies , -J ; . Milne , and J . Aviiott . Mr . Reynoldsinthe chair ; Mr . Wilkin , from Sbmerstown , ' attended , and handed in cash for the Association ; Mr . Graaaby - also handed in cash from Westminster ., The sub-committees reported that < the Westminster and Pimlioo meeting had proved eminently successful . The Secretary : reported from thev 8 ub-committee for fusing the various democratic and social reform bodies , that they had resolved : — "That to effect a real union , a fusion of all democratic and social sections must be effected , and that those societies must becone ono and indivisible . " Several propositions , as the basis of the union was , submitted , such as— "All men of all nations
are brethren ; " "The earth ia the common property of all the people ; " " The People ' s Charter ; " " The labourer should enjoy , the full fruits of hia indua-: try ; " the spirit of which was assented to by the Executive . It was understood , that whatever propositions might be assented to by the Conference of the several localities , " would be submitted to the several societies in their various localities , for their reception or ; rejection . It was suggested that the following would be an excellent name for the proposed united localities : — " The National Democrat tic Association of Chartists and Social Reformers . '' The Secretary submitted an address to the country oh tho necessity and possibility i of returning 'some sixty members to parliament at the next General Election , which wasreferred back to the sub-committee ( Messrs . Reynolds and Arnott ) for revision , and the Executive adjourned until Wednesday next , September 4 th .. - ¦ - * . . ,
Metkofolitas DbIiKOAtb Council—A full meeting of delegates assembled at the Chartist Hall , 26 , Golden-lane , Barbican , on Sunday afternoon , August 25 th , Mr . Stallwood in the chair . The minutes having been confirmed , the visit of our country friends was . considered . Mr , - G . J . Look hart ' s second letter , having been read , it was resolved , oh the . motion of Messrs . W . A . Fletcher andQ . J . Brisck :- ^ -, '* That . . the delegates meet in this place at half past two for three precisely , oh Sunday afternoon next , September the 1 st , to . receive Messrs . Hamilton and Lock hart , and that a public meeting be held in the ball at half past soren o ' clock in the evening of that day , for the purpose of furnishing to Messrs . Hamilton and Lorkhart the opportunity
of addressing their democratic brethren of the metropolis . " The fortnig htly Tract- , —Each delegate having reported on this subject , and a sale of a sufficient number having been guaranteed , on the motion of Messrs . W . A . Fletcher and Wilkin , it was resolved : — " That the first tract bo issued on the ej gtli day of . September : "— " That aiub-cominittee of three be appointed to manage the same . " -The election then took place , and ultimately fell on Messrs . W . A . Fletcher , 'G . J . Brisck and Aleco . Oh the motion of Messrs . Brisck anil Jeffrey , it was resolved : — " That the Excutive bo requested to grant the use of its room one night in the week for
the use of the sub-committee . " On the motion of Messrs . Vicars and Johnatone ,. " That all communications for the . 'Tract , ' , such as notices ofiorthcoming Chartist meetings , whether locality or public meetings be forwarded to Mr . W . A . Fletcher , at 16 , Little Portland-street , Regent-street , on or before Wednesday , September the 4 th . Public ileefing at the City Hall , —The secretary ; Reported that he . had sent out invitations to speakers for the 9 th of September , and that , Messrs . Harney and others had promised ; to attend . On the motion of Messrs . ' Brisck and W . A . Fletcher , it Was resolved unanimously " That henceforth none but bom fide members of the National Charter Association shall
be eligible to set as members of this council . " A vote of thanks was then given to the chairman ; and the council adjourned until Sunday afternoon , September 1 st . . , ' " Brighton . —At a dinner given in honour of Mr . Ernest Jones . on Wednesday ,,. August , 21 st ,, and which that gentleman attended , the following . sentiments were received with the greatest enthu siasum ^ " ' The people , the only source of all political power . " " Ernest Jones Esq ., tho talented advocate of the people , 'and may he live to triumph over all his enemies , and ultimately , assisted by other advocates of the people ' s rights , succeed in establishing those principles for which ho ; has struggled and , suffered . " ' The union of the Democrats of Great Britain and Ireland . May tbeir
united energies obtain for them tho freedom of both peoples . " Mr . Jones made an able and argumen ,-lative speech ; he strongly recommended union as the surest mode to obtain the People ' s Charter , and was loudly and justly applauded ; throughout . A numerous and respectable body of friends assembled on the occasion . , . ...,. -, _ .. . ..,. „ . ..., ; Souo LoqAUTY , TBMPJBRiNCB , HAiij Little Dban Strkkt ;—Oh' Saturday week ,, Mr . . Walter Cooper delivered an interesting lecture , to a' delighted audience , on ' the life and writings of Sir Walter : Scott ; and on Saturday evening last , Aug . 24 th , Mr . £ Stall wood delivered an address on the life , clwracter . and writings of Thomas Paine , refuting the slanders and falsehoods so iiiiuriouslv
heaped on the memory of that Public , Instructor , and . showed the beneficial tendency of political principles put forward by , the author of " Common sense ' and the moralising , humanising , devotional tendency of his address "To the philanthropists ; ' ! and pointed out the ' pdrpbses , to which those principles should be directed , namely , to ameliorate the social condition of : the people . ^ . Mr . - Stall wood sat down loudl y applauded . A vote . otthanks was given to the lecturer , and the meeting terminated . ¦ ' ¦ noMoH . —pn Sunday a meeting of the Old Guardsrwas held' in Clayton-lime , at ibo bouse : of David Cawdra , to renew the agitation for the
Peoples Charter . Mr . Joseph Cawdra was elected treasurer lor the locality ; six shillings was paid for cards , and four shillings and threepence collected for the Honesty Fund ;; Resolutions ... were ;^ unanimously . adopted ,, to avail ourselves of every opportunity to enforce , $ he six poin . ts of the Charter on the attention ' of ; the people . A vote ' qfconfidence m , and acknowledgement of Mr . O'Connor ' s services was carried , he'beihg the only h 6 ne 8 t ; . leader of the people . 'We aro ' determined to stick by his advice aud . follow bis guidance , as we are convinced ,-from long experience , of . the soundness of his teachings . The meeting adjourned to Sunday ( to morrow )
forenoon . . - ¦ ¦'• ? .: ¦ - . Sbewibid . —An animated meeting of members was held on Sunday evening , in the . Democratic Temperance Ikitei ; 83 , Queen-street , to discuss tho best means of raising a Chartist ball , and likewise for tho better carrying the war into the'enemy ' s camp , in which ! . Messrs .-Wallace , Robinson , Cavill , Hague , and . Ash . took . part . On tho motion ^ of Messrs . Wallace and Wmiiby . the meeting was adjourned for a week . ,
Improvemen Ts !Ax Kensington.--It Is V I...
Improvemen ts ! ax Kensington .--It is Intended , to form anew aiid direct road from Brompton to Notting-hill and Bayswatcrysby pulling-down some houses in lli gh-etreet , opposite the Queen s-r » ad .
; ^ -^Gtminsterind Pimllc0: " • ' . I , ...
; - ^ gTMINSTERiND PIMLlC 0 : " ' . I , ' A public meeting , to consider tho be $ fc means Of obtaining . the ppfitioa ! and ; social rights iofitM r ' oie " people , was held , ( in the TemporaijceiHttll , Broadway , . oii Monday' evening , August ' the 26 th . Boxes ! ' pit ; 'gallery , platform ; and the several ' approaches'to th 6 ; hall were most densely crowded .. , ^ MW'D . 'WAibJORD . ' -who was called 'to the chair ,: read a ; letier . from Mr . 'Reynolds , apologising for nb-. sence ; on , the ground . of ! his i wife ' s severe indisposition . ¦ He trusted the people , would 'attend meetings like this , instead ' of the gin . palaces , and when- the " wini ' Bt ' er . sa )^ own affairs , ' he would be ' re ' ady to exclaim —• ' . " . ' . ' ' ' "¦ . ' . S "
; . ; . " "The day of tyranny ft ddne , . . " ' - > And gone ' s the reign of Wrong . " ' ;• The chairman delivered * a ' well-merited castigation toithe Whi gs for their backslidings in' the cause of reform , and eulogised the pat ' riotisih ahd < virtues of . 'Aosflo Ppssell , which was hailed , with : tho loudest - % *— ' $ ' ^ ^ . nioved the following resolu- ' ' tM : ,, That . the' Jand ' . being tho property , . of the ' whole people , it is necessary that universal representatibri i'in aoco ' r'dahc ' o with the principles of the Peoble ' a Charter , should prevail , ' in order to secure tofithe pedple . ithe ifulL Benefit of such right ; " ¦ 'Mir . ! RM ^^^ if 4 he ^ Hhciples v putfoiiihiinthat ^ es ^ lutlon- were . well understood by , the people at . large iheyfwduld soon'find the means ofopossL'ssin ? them .
Law makers contended that the . people Had no rights , but it was the duty , of the people not only to let them know they had rights , but also that they were determined to possess them ; and the first and greatest' of these rights was the ' right to the soil , and unless the aristocracy could produce a grant from heaven , he disputed their claimi to a ' single foot of land . ( Cheers . ) By the * acts passed in that shop which Lord . John had just shut up , during the last session , they , might fairly judge of the . necessity of parliameritary . fetorm . What . were they ? The grant of Marlborough House tO ' a ' yoiing prince for his use nine years hencei ; a large sum to erect stables for ! the same Prince ' s horses when they were-purchased , or ; perhaps , he should say , when
they were born . The voting , of * 12 , 000 a year to the young Duke of Cambridge i perchance to spend on courtesans , or in other debaucheries . This was the way the substance , of . the . people was wasted . MrJ Ruffy described the present state , of labour and capital ; currency" and ' exchange , and showed the bearing the Legislature had on these things ; but as well might the iamb expect justice from the wolf , as for the people to look for right and equity from a House of Commons as at present elected . ( Cheers . ) They must first get the Charter , which was the machine to effect the social right mentioned in the resolution , ' and of which he was an advocate . ( Loud cheers . ) . . . : . -. - ¦ ,. \ ; Mr . JohnI Fossbll rose , rapturously applauded , to second the resolution , and said , in seconding that
resolution , he was desirous of proving himself as unflinching an advocate of the just rights of tbe people , now hehad come out of prison , as his whole life had evinced him to be before he went into the Westminster Bastile . ( Immense cheering . ) The land was , most undoubtedly , the property of the whole people , but he thought they could only be repossessed of it by means of the People ' s Charter . The land , heretofore , had been made to bear all the burdens of the people , but now it had passed into the hands of a few aristocrats . ( Hear , hoar , ) In discussing questions of such importance it was necessary , that they should understand their position . Then , let him ask , . why they had been deprived of their rights ? Why so many victims had
been made ? Had it not been by their , own divisions ? doubtlessly caused by a few crafty statesmen . ( Hear , hear . ) They wished to accomplish their object peaceably ; their object was , love , not war—sympathy forthe poor , not peraecution of the rich . He repeated , they wished to gain their great ends peaceably , not' ' by insurrection , —in fine , through the means of the People ' s Charter . ( Loud cheers . ) He invoked , them to establish a locality of the National-Charter Association , and thus , ' while they exhibited their desire for peace , show their determination to have liberty . ( Loud cheers . ) Porter , in hia statistics , told them that two millions per annum was absorbed in the shape of protits , independent of what was taken as taxes , much
of . which went to support spies , to swear away the liberty , or , perchance , the lives of good men , like Cuffay , Lacey , and a host of others ; and to defame men like himself , by falsely swearing that he rucommehded private assassination , which he emphatically denied . ( Loud cheers . ) , He knew that there were certain persons who affirmed that . a trade was made of sedition ; but this he denied ; and , when it was remembered , that from the year 1839 , up to the present period , 'the whole Chartist agitation had not cost £ 20 , 000 , that was to say , not more than the annual' pay of one general officer , it would be seen how fallacious was such a charge , and yet , during that time , they , had valiently supported three general movements ,, and not a single
leader of theirs had turned traitor . ' ( Loud cheers . ) Thegovernment'had . admitted that the Chartists were not a faction , but a party . Aye , and to the government a dangerous party . " ( Hear , hear . ) They demanded the Charter when out of prison , and when within the prison walls ,: and , when released from prison , they . were more . than Chartists ; aye , ' ever ready to uphold the-red banner . ( Immense applause . ) He trusted . that every practical measure would meet with their support , and that they would convince the government ;' by their actions , that they not only desired , but were determined to possess liberty . ( Great cheering . ) > Mr . Harney , who rose loudly , applauded , said , surely the chairman , when so .-announced by him ,
must have forgotten how ; warmly his lordship wa * greeted in the , neighbourhood of . a certain bad house in that vicinity —( laughter ) -when : he ( Lord Palmeraton ) was standing up in . defence of Foreign liberty , some short time since . . ( Laughter . ) They would also remember how the people were cried down / when they ' assembled to greet their representatives as they passed to and from the Convention and Assembly ; yet , that same-press could call on them to meet and cheer ; Lord palmmton , when on his way to tho house , because , as they had it , be was " defending liberty on , the continent ; " of the sort of liberty the Whigs defended on the continent they might judge by what they did in England ; here they reformed down to their own order , and ' not a
bit below it- ( heari hearj ^ -and sO it had been in Poland , Hungary , Italy , Sicily , Ac . ; but he would dismiss this digression from : tho subject , by stating that he should , be again ; ready . - to : meet Lord Palmevston on tho-hnstings of- Tiwrtony'or elsewhere . ( Loud cheers . ) . There are . some . gentlemen who didnotseem to know what , w « s meant , by "The Charter and something more ; " . but ' tho , drawer of this resolution had determined " they should not be long in doubt—at least , ' as regarded one point—the Land—and he maintained that one point was worth more than / the six points of the People ' s Charter . In the streets of Newcastle-on-Tyue stood a column , dedicated to Earl Grey , the man . who' ? stood by his order . " In that same Newcastle , , once . resided
another man , ¦ . who , like the , celeb , rated , Thomas Paine , had dey ' oted his life , and writings to the benefit of "his ; order , " . but who had no statue . It was Thomas Spence of whom he was' about to speak ; ( Cheers . ) Because he asserted the principle contained in that reaolution , - ' and dared to say that > the land' belonged not ito a : few aristocrats , but , to , the whole people , he . ; was hunted from place to place , until at . length , he found himself in London ; and still determined to , persevere in the emancipaljion . of great truths , , he published the famous " Pigs Meat for the Swinish Multitude , " in which he laid it down " That ' Kings were but crowned brigands ; " "That' ; war , was human butchery * not glorf" Sperioti ' ooneiDued for
years to publish his' tracts , and-disseminate his medals , despite not only the . persecution and prosecution of his enemies , but -. under -the soowl of many a man , whom he was labouring , heart and soul , to serve . ( Hear , hear , ) , Bnt . a , change bad taken place , progress was making i ; apid . way , and lie trusted yet to live to see . the , day when Earl Grey , would descend from the column in , Newcastle , and a bust of Spence be erected on thepedestal , and whena monument should be ereoted over his humble grave in Tottenham-court-road iburial ground , inscribed : — ' . ' Here lie the remains of a man , who in the worst-, of times , . dored ,.-pro . hlaim-- ' That the Land was the People ' s . Farm . ' ,, . ( Great . cheering . ) He saw in that , resolution the commencement of
" The good time coming . '' Hodid hope toseealocality of the association established ' for that district , in order that they might gather together those that were formerly with themj as well as to add the mass . of converts to their rollwi ( Hear , hear . ) Mr . Fusaell had said , ! they could not return to pro teotion ; why they never , had protection . True ; Ohowler had talked of huj , ^ horses . and his men to ride them ;' , ' : bi ^ t ' , jhoweyjer sincere Pbowlcr . might be , depend on it , ' Riphmond ; jind ' Disraeli ,, only cared tor office , and ' nb't a fig ' for ^ he agricultural labourers . ( Hear , heavJ . / There ' wa ^^ ther party whomadeprofessionB of reform ; but'he warned the Eeople'against : 8 apportifrg ) any- ? pa » tyi : whoJ would mo a pariah class . Let them look at and judge
; ^ -^Gtminsterind Pimllc0: " • ' . I , ...
these " Manchester men" by their acts ; look at tbeir votes on the Factory Bill , and on the Bakers ' Bill—these would show what this class would do for labour ; , yet- should he ( Mr . Harney ) glory in seeing this party in > power , because . one . three months . in office , would make them the most unpopular , that , ever sat on tlie Treasury benches , and W . w uld , cemo the ' great ' struggle . of all . Ag al . he "said , ' never . ' support any meashre that , would leavea . pariah classout 8 Hld the con- , stitution , bttt have measures ^ tnat , ; like our "Charter , would embrace all-. : ( Moth applause . ) The Chartists < had'prophesied dwingitho' cry for ifree trade , cheap bread , die . ; , that wages would fall ; find -was not the prophesy being fulfilled in tha .
case / Of , the , typefounders and the Eastern 000 ^' ties '' Railway men ? Why , the firm of Fagg and Co . | would save out of ; the , reduced wages ^ of ' tlioir ' ninety'sixmen no , Jess than from £ 000 ' to J £ l , 20 (> per annum , ' Again , - ' the'shareholders ¦ of the Easter Counties Railway had immense power toibfihg against the men , the other railways furnishing . them with hands . -The men from those other , railways . did not come , ; to contend ^ olunita-Hly ; no ; they were compelled ; and told if they did
not . go . they must starve , as thoy would , not Keep tliem , oh their rails . ( Hear ,, hear . ) A greater state ' of tyranny that this could not exist . He lookcd ; 6 h those strikes as being quite justifiable , but hp'did not think they '' would he sBcwssfiil ; he ' trusted Uie' should not be charged with throwing cdld watera oh them , as he cordially . 'supported ! them ,.. but , ! . in { . aUc sincerity , he must ; say , he saw no hopes , save ; in , a mastery of the state . - ( Loud cheers . ) , ' ' " " ! , ' ¦' . The resolution was then put , and carried uria ' nimo ualy . ' ' ' ' . ' c- - ¦ ¦ ¦•¦ ¦ ¦ •;¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ > ¦
Mr ^ M'SiVBEjm ^ moye'd ' the 8 ecohd ' re solution :: as follows : —" That in the ' djiihion of this meeting a locality of the National Charter 'Aasbciaiion should be imm ediatelyi formed for the district of Westminster , a , n , d ; Pimlico . " i . .. -,, , 1 . . , ,, ; ; : Mr .. 'LwoH ( one . of the deputaUpn from the Irish Democrfttip Association ) , . secondedJhe , motion , and Baiti . tljeyj had opened a 16 carity , pT , " the iDeniocratic Associajio'hjri Golden-lane , and ' snoiild be hii ' ppylto havo ' othors in the metropolis , ' ^^ and ^ q ' lsewhefei ; The 7 hjiXfe ^^ bdld taidijthe-fforitffer ^^^ 'and other Englislfnewspapersiriestablishing theplinciplesof demooracyv , . . . !¦ . • . ¦ .. ¦¦¦¦ A Mr . Watland , who objected to- tho . writings' of Robespierre , wished to know bow far a person was bound to go if he joined the National Charter Association ?
Mr . Stallwood said , any one joining the Association was only pledged to the six points of the People ' s Charter and the rules that guided its operations— ( a-copy of which be banded tb'Mr . ' Wayijind ) - ^ butBaid every man was allowed the full latitude of speech , and that all persons must have an object in wishing the People ' s Charter to become the law of the land . He was free to confess his was the social amelioration of the condlion of the people , and he was in . favouref " . Social Rights . " ' Much ' of the Robespierrian cede was deserving of the warmest eulogy . As regards tho principles adopted in " the first resolution—the nationalisation of land—it was the creed of all Christians , of all philosophers , and wise and just men and might be prominently set forth in the first chapter of Genesis . . The resolution was adopted by acclamation .
Several members were enrolled in tbo Association , and Mr . Walford was appointed to enrol names for the district at the Temperance Hall . A vote of thanks was given to the Chairman , who acknowledged tbe compliment , and the meeting then dissolved .
Latest Intelligence. , , ; \ Disturbance...
LATEST INTELLIGENCE . , , \ DISTURBANCES IN HUNGARY' . ; ;' ; The Journal des Debats publishes the' following letter from Vienna , of the 23 rd instL : ~ " On the 18 th , the / eteday of the Emperor , deplorable excesses took placo at Pestb , in Hungary . In the morning the manner ot certain groups appeared rather threatening , but they were not guilty of any acts which could give the police a motive for interference . In the evening , at the theatre , things assumed a different appearance . While the first verses of the Austrian national hymn were being sung by the actors , a group oi spectators in the centre of the pit , and composed of persons apparently belonging to the respectable class , began to protest by cries , whistling , and threats . Their
vociferations were addressed to the highest persons of the State . To put an end to tho scene of tumult , the intervention ol the armed force was called for , and from twenty to twenty-five persons were arrested . Their social position , and tho moment chosen by them to pr . omoto disturbance , were an aggravation of their fault , and there was , moreover , on their part , a complete want of political tact , if not of gratitude , in hazarding a shameful demonstration ' against the Emperor immediately after the numerous pardons-so generously granted by him . The authorities of Pesth , instead of understanding their duty in delivering up these guilty men to
justice allowed themselves to be led away either by the effect of indignation , or by misunderstood zeal , to use means which nothing can excuse in a civilised country , and to inflict summary punishment without any form of trial . ' The most guilty of the parties rere immediately incorporated as private soldiers in a regiment , and the others had the bastinado applied to them at the rate of thirty strokes each . Affairs do not go on so well in Croatia as could have been wished . National demonstrations are frequent , and , according to ocular witnesses , the Bun Jellachich does not exert himself sufficiently to repress them .
FRANCE . Paris , Friday — Thirty-seven persons wore arrested on tbe Boulevards for uttering seditious cries the ni ght of the President ' s return to Paris . Five persons have , been arrested at Sorafeernoa ( Cote d'Or ) , and conducted . to Dijon on a charge of high treason . Amongst them are a hui $ sier and a judge ' s registrar . A resolution for assembling the Councils-General in the enent of a succesatul insurrectional movement in Paris was carried by a majority of sixteen votes .
• The- Type-Founders Strike.—At Worship-...
• The- Type-founders Strike . —At Worship-street Police Court on Thursday , John Sutherland and John Francis Hichardson , journeymen typefounders , were brought before Mr . Hammill , charged , the former with having obstructed the thoroughfare by causing a crowd to assemble , in front of the premises of Messrs Henry Caslon and Sob , extensive letter founders in Chiswellstreet , St . Luke ' s , and the latter with disorderly conduct and inciting a mob to rescue the other prisoner from tbe custody of the police . — Mr . Wakeling attended ' to conduct the prosecution , and Mr . Child for tho defence . —Evidence was
given that Sutherland , was walking , with a large placard at his back , and shouting out "French invasion ! " before the premises of Caslon and Co ., and that after he was taken in custody by the police Richardson incited the crowd , and attempted to rescue him . Mr . Hammill ordered both prisoners to find two substantial bail for their peaceable behaviour for the next three months ; in addition to . which he imposed a penalty of forty shillings - upon the prisoner Richardson for obstructing the police and inciting : to a rescue , —The penalty was immediately paid , and the required sureties having been soon afterwards produced , both prisoners were released from custody . 'HlOTINO BETWEEN THE MILITARY AND SBAMSN IT
Portsmouth . —Rbadikg op the Riot Act . —Every night during the present week very serious conflicts have , taken place between tbe soldiers of the 50 th regiment in Portsmouth garrison , and the men of the Fox frigate . On Thursday , evening the rioting had become so alarming that Mr . Jones , a . magistrate , tound it necessary to read tbe Riot Act , and to call in tho aid of the military power . In consequence , the Lieutenant-Governor , Lord F . Fitilaclarence , hastened to the scene of the disturbance , Queen-street , Portsea , and placed strong patties of soldiery , under the direction of the police . Some
150 or 200 sailors had collected together , armed with heavy bludgeons , and searched the different public and beer-houses for the men of the 50 th regiment , but as they had been prevented from coming into Portsea very few were found . Sobe were , however , discovered and very seriously illused ; one so badly as to have to be taken to the hospital , where he is not expected to survive . On the previous . evening , the 60 th regiment had got possession of the town , attacking every sailor they met , and beating them most cruelly . A large number of windows of public-houses frequented by the two parties , have been demolished by their
respective enemies . , Charge of Wilfully Scalding a Child . —On Friday , at the Artillery Arms , Rochester-row , Westminster , Mr . Langhain held an inquest on the body of Arthur Towers , aged sevenyears , who died from injuries he had . received by a quantity of boiling water being thrown over him by J . Gould , a toll-oollector , in the employ of tho Vauxhall-bridgo Company , who said he had been washings basin out with hot water from the kettle . Ho afterwards throw it out of window , and it accidentally fell upon the child . He expressed his regret at the time at what happened , and said'ho was willing to pay all
expenses . ' the jury returned a verdict of •• Manslaughter against John Gould . " The witnesses were all bound over to prosecute , . . .. Funeral or Louis PniLirJ ?* , -The funeral of h » ex-Majesty Louis Philippe will take p lace ^ n Monday next , tho 2 nd of Sojtember . Thei -e wOTbe * funml service in the private ^* V \* Jta ™ 2 mt at nine o ' clock . After tbe * orvice , £ f f ™ K £ on . foot ; will . hccon . pany tho-body as ¦** ¦* the KJJJ of the park . Thenco t » t «* »*« ffl ™ Mg v ™ t ass jssft ' f & a arrival . there £ * » g 2 , £ Hbw' Romi ^ CSttfonc W SWSkftWto body * ffl Wd » posited .
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Aug. 31, 1850, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_31081850/page/1/
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