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August 31, 1850. THE NORTHERN STAR - 7
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the Leather asd the crops. Cambridge.—Th...
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Jessy Lcn>.—" How do you like the Jenny ...
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DBATE OJ-'Tm-Sfc&rag OF THE FBENCH, IOUI...
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THE LATE THOMAS PRESTON. A few friends o...
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Removal of the Marble Arch.—On_ Tuesday ...
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KOSSUTH AAD HIS FELLO W-CAi'TIVJSS AT KU...
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Christian Clergymen iND Christian Charit...
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SCOTLAND IN 1762. . A case was lately tr...
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Elopements in Hioh and Low Life,—Two elo...
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THJE PEAC 1 ? OOiNGREsS,...... . .. .. -...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
Rfpreskntation Of Clare. — According To ...
Aldj Ald erman BSoney ; I have only to say , air , this—XorXonf Mayor : You are to address me as Lord M » J J & jor . —Alderman Rooney : I say that yon have cai \ called me a scoundrel , sir ; and I tell you that that assf assertion is false . —Lord Mayor : You shall not addie dress ineas Lord Mayor in that way . —Alderman Sot Rooney : The meeting was over . —Lord Mayor : It is n is not over .--Alderman Booney : I wish to be nearu in « in explanation , and I say this , that the language wh which you hare used in reference to me is most uufou founded , and wilfully so . -Lord Mayor : Send out for for thepohc « .-Alderman Rwney : Oh ! thebody-S guard , the bodygnard .-Mr- IfDgent .- I entreat of ilderman Rooney not to be making a hear-garaen « f « f this place .-Lord Mayor ( to Alderman Rooney ); larrert ascbief >» g ^( tte
I ywnow a dr ^ . -Alderman Rooney : The house was broken m op when yon attacked me .-Lord Mayor-. I m arrest you in the Queen ' s name , and I will bi brio * you to the police office . — Alderman B Ro oney : Oh ! do now , only bring mo there . ] wi won't stir . Do , and see if I don ' t make you pay fo for it . —Mr . Lambert said , that some allowance ot ought to be made for Alderman Rooney losing Ms te temper , when the Lord Mayor had applied to him si such language as he ( Mr . Lambert ) had read . The L Lord Mayor said , that he would not allow anything t ! that occurred in other places to be mixed np with tl the proceedings of the council . —Alderman Rooney :
0 on i aiiua oeen at tne meeting , I promise you , y you wtfuld not have used such language . I tell y yon that . Alderman Rooney here went towards tl the door . —Lord Mayor : I am very happy that you a are going . Is not all this very creditable to the < j coudc . 'I ?—Alderman Rooney : Call off your bodyg guard , and doa ' t abuse me in my absence , coward t that you are!—Lord Mayor : I hope it will go forth t to the public that he returned to assault me . — ] Mr . Barlow : If he meant to do so , he would take -t -some other way of doing it than by walking out . * The council then broke up evidently highly excited 1 by the scene which they had just witnessed .
August 31, 1850. The Northern Star - 7
August 31 , 1850 . THE NORTHERN STAR - 7
The Leather Asd The Crops. Cambridge.—Th...
the Leather asd the crops . Cambridge . —The harvest has progressed most rapidly , many fields of wheat have been carried , though perhaps if more field room had been given , the condition would hare been better . The wheat harvest in tbe immediate vicinity of the town mar be said to be completed . Some parcels have been thrashed , and we are sorry to say that there is a great deficiency in the yield , much more so than was at first anticipated . Tbe barley harvest is proceeding rapidly , and the crops , generally speaking , are heavy , the ear is , however , thin , and the yield will therefore not be so great as in some years ; the quality for the most part ia excellent . Peas are a
fair crop , and beans , notwithstanding the ravages of the black fly , are exceedingly well hung . There is no doubt bnt that the blight has most seriously attacked the potatoes—fields which a few days since looked in full vigour are no w completely changed , showing unmistakeable symptoms of the disease with which they have been visited for the last few years . The turnips and wurzel are both looking remarkably well , and as there is abundance of feed , we do not anticipate any great reduction in the price of meat ; still , with the failure of tbe wheat crap and the potato disease , there is anything but a cheering prospect for tbe fanner .
Dobham . — " The storm of wind on Monday , " says a Stockton correspondent , "has done some damage , in exposed situations , te the wheat crops . The apple trees , however , have suffered most ; they are , I am informed , nearly stripped : and our market to day ( Wednesday ) corroborates the assertion , hy the large quantities offered for sale . " The corn crops of our own district have suffered materially from the gale , much of the grain having been shaken out . The harvest is now fast becoming general in Gateshead and the neighbourhood . — Gateshead Observer .
Cumbeblaku . —The harvest has generally commenced in the neighbourhood of Gosforth , and the sickle is in full operation , but within thelast few days a large quantity of rain bas fallen accompanied by high westerly winds , which much retarded tbe work of the reaper , and done some damage to the standing corn . Reapers are in request , and wages this day have been 2 s . per day , although many groups of Irishmen are travelling the roads in want of employment . If , however , next week be fine , all bands will be required , as a large breadth of grain is fully ripe . Oats and barley are very good , well ripe , a good colour , and a full crop . Wheat is somewhat light , bnt takes off full in tbe ear and well fed . Potatoes , 1 am sorry to say , are again diseased .
Cohsev . —Harvest is commenced here in good earnest . Wheat is most abundant in quantity and excellent in quality . Oats a fair average , but barley is miserably defective . And , as regards the pe-tatoe crop , the fatal disease has re-appeared with as much virulence all over tbia . neighbourhood as in any former years . Whitehaven . —The grain crops in the neighbour hood are now in such a state of fordwardness as to afford constant employment for the sickle ; but during a great part of the past week the weather has been so wet and stormy that little progress has been made in the harvest field , and some of the strongest crops in exposed situations have been con * siderably laid by the wind aud rain .
Jessy Lcn>.—" How Do You Like The Jenny ...
Jessy Lcn > . — " How do you like the Jenny Lind ? " said a young woman to an old steam captain . "Don ' t like her at all , madam . She burns too much wood , and carries too little freight . " Which is ihe wickedest part of the church ? The
nave . THEBATEtrnci—The history of medicine is by no means flattering to science . It is questionable whether more is known of diseases , tbeir cause , and their cure , at this moment , than in the time of Galen ; it is certain that diseases are quite as numerous , and in the aggregate as fatal . Every age has produced some new system of artificial therapeutics which the next age hr . s banished ; each has boasted in its turn of cures , and they , in their turn , have been condemned as failures . Medicines themselves are the subjects unsettled ; in fact , that it has no established principles , that it is little more than conjectural f ' At this moment , ' sa / sMr . Pinny , 'the opinions on the subject of treatment are almost as numerous as the practitioners themselves . Witness tbe mass ef contradiction on the treatment of even one disease , namely , consumption . Stroll attnbutesits frequency to the introduction of bark . Morton considers bark an effectual cure . Reid ascribes the frequency of tbe
disease to the uaMfmercurj . Brillonetasserts that it is curable by merc & y only . Ruse says that consumption is an inflammatory disease—should be treated by bleeding , purging ; cooling aedicules , and starvation . Salvador ! says it is a disease of debility , and should he treated by tonics , stimulating remedies , and a generous diet . Galen recommended vinegar as the best preventative of consumption . Dessault and others assert that consumption is often brought on by taking vinegar to prevent obesity . Beddoes recommended foiglove as a specific . Br . Parr found foxglove more injurious in his practice than beneficial . Such are die contradictory statements ef medical men ! ' And yet there can be but one true theory of disease . Of thefkllibih' ty and inefficiency of medicine , none have been more conscious than medical men themselves , many of whom have been honest enough to avow their conviction , and now recommend MESSR & DTJ BARBY ' s BEVALEXTA ARABICA FOOD , a farina , which careful analyas has shown
to be derived from the root of an African plant , somewhat similar to our honeysuckle . It appears to possess propertie-tof a hishljcurativeand delicately nutritive kind ; and numerous testimonials from parties of unquestionable respectability , have attested that it supersedes medicine of every description in tbe effectual and permanent removal of indigestion ( dyspepsia ) , constipation , and diarrliaa , nervousness , biliousness , liver complaint , flutulencj , distension , palpitation of the heart , nervous headache , deafness , noises in the head and ears , pains in almost every part oi the body , chronic inflammation and ulceration of the stomach , erysipelas , eruptions < w the skin , incipient consumption , dropsy , rheumatism , gout , heartburn , nausea and sickness during pregnancy , after eating , or at sea , low spirits , spasms , cramp , spleen , general debility , paralysis , asthma , coughs , inquietude , sleeplessness , involuntary blushing tremour , dislike to society , unfitness for study , loss of memory , delusions , vertigo , Moid to the
head , exhaustion , melancholy , groundless fear , indecisio n , wretchedness , thoughts of self-destruction , and many other complaints . It is , moreover , admitted by those who have used it to be the best food ior infants and invalids generally , as it never turns acid on the weakest stomacti , but imparts a healthy reBsh for lunch and dinner , and restores the faculty of digestion and nervous and muscular energy to the most enfeebled . It has the highest approbation of Lord Stuart deDecies ; the Venerable Archdeacon Alexander Stuart . « . fBo * s , a cure of three years' nervousness ; Major-Ceneral Thomas King , of Exmouth ; Capt Parker , D . Bingham , K . N ., of No . Park-walk . lattfe Chelsea , London , who was cured of wtnty-teven years dyspepsia i sir weeks time ; Captain Andrews , K . S .. Captain Edwards , RX : William Hunt , Esq ., barrMer-atJaw , King ' s College , Cambridge , who , after suffering years from partial paralysis , has regained the use of his limbs in a very short time upon this excellent food : the Rev . Charles Kerr , of
Winslow , Bucks-a cure of functional disorders ; Mr . T . Woodhouse . Bromley—recording the cure of a lady from constijationand a ^ fess du rbigpregnaMy ; the Rev . T . Minster , of St Saviour ' s , Leeds—a cure oTBre years nervousness , with spasms and daily vomitings ; Mr . Taylor , coroner of Bolton ; Capt Allen , recording the cure of epileptic fits ; Doctors TJre and Harvey ; James Sborland , Esq ., No . 3 Sydney-terrace , Reading , Berks , late surgeon a the 90 th Eepment , a cure of dropsy ; James Porter , Esq ., AthoUtreet , Perth , a cure of thirteen years cough . Tf ^ pnetJdebili Q ; i . Smyth , Esq , 37 Lower Ab & jstreet , Dublm ; Cornelius O'Sullivan , M . D ., F . R . C . S ., Dublin , a perfect cure of thirty years' indescrihahle atony fiom aneurism , which had resisted allotherremedies and 2 O , O 0 Oother weH known individuals , who have sent the discoverers and importers , De Buss and Co . 137 Sew Bond-street , London , testimonials . oi the extraordinary manner in which their health has been restored bv this useful and economical diet , after all other remedies had been tned for
m ram many years , and all hopes of recoverv abandoned . « A foil report of important cures of the above and maDyother cotnplauits , and testimonials from parties oftlie highest respectahUitv . is , we find , sentgratis by Do BaBsrandCo . - —Morning Cftroiaefe . Du Hoax and Co . 127 , Sew Bond-street , London ; also of Barclay , Edwards Sutton , Sanger , and Hannay , and through aU grocers diet mists , medicine vendors , and booksellers in the kin gdom . Caution . — The name of Messrs . Da Barry ' s invaluable Food , as also that of the Son , hare been so closely inri . tated that invalids cannot too carefully look at the exact spelling of both , and also Messrs . Du . Barry ' s address . 127 Kew Bond-street , London , in order to avoid lieing imposed upon by Ervalenta , Heal Arabian Revalenta , Lentil Powder , or other spurious compounds of pease , beans , infll ' ii" ! and , eatmeal , under a close imitation of the name , Irani lave noting to recommend them bnt the reckless audacity of their ignorant or unscrupulous compoundera , and which , though admirably adapted for pigs , would Clay Eadu & Tocmlhtha delicate stomach of aauwaM or { mat .
Dbate Oj-'Tm-Sfc&Rag Of The Fbench, Ioui...
DBATE OJ- 'Tm-Sfc & rag OF THE FBENCH , IOUIS ? £ IMPPE . Louis Philippe Was the eldest IOC of Louis Philippe Joseph , Duke of Orleans , and of Marie , the only daughter of the wealth y Duke of Petf thievre . FlZ ^ HT * the city of Paris » <» * e 6 th of Oc-SXiKi * ¥ f on 1 uently i Q his 77 th year . { l „ Vw f ™ - | head 5 vthe 0 rIea * branch of the *™ f ^" , Thirteenth , created Duo d'Orleans by nij elder brother , of whom the ex-king was the f ?? £ : Tn , great P ™* " ® . Philippe , the first Dukfe of Orleans , was twice married , his last wife being Elizabeth Charlotte of Bohemia , grand-daughter of James I . of Eneland . It wan fmm thU Udv
that the Orleans family descended , and through her has been traced a direct relationship to the line of Stuart . When a , minor , Louis Philippe was entitled Duke of Yalois , but on his father succeeding to the title of Duke of Orleans in 1786 , he became Duke of Chartres . He was , with his brothers and sisters , placed under the superintendence of Madame de Oenlis , and under her tuition they were taught the English and other languages . Of the political movement in 1789 the countess and her husband were warm adherents , and they failed not to impress their sentiments on the young minds of their charge . Louis Philippe was introduced , whilst very young , a member of the Jacobin Club , and was frequently present at its sittings .
In June , 1783 , he proceeded to Vendome , where a popular commotion took place in consequence of a number of clergymen refusing to take an oath , he being at that time appointed to an honorary colonelcy in the 14 th regiment of Dragoons . At this place he saved the lives of the non-juring clergymen , who wire about being killed by the police . Some time after this emeute he saved the life of a citizen of Vendome , who was rescued from drowning only by the heroic efforts of the duke . For his intrepidity he was presented with a civio crown . About two months after going to Vendome he quitted the garrison with his regiment , and proceeded to Valenciennes , in the north of France ,
where he continued bis military avocations . About tbe middle of April , 1792 , war was declared against Austria , and now Louis Philippe made bis first campaign . At the head of his troops he fought at Talmy , in September , 1792 , and afterwards , on the 6 th of November , under Dumourier . While the duke was engaged in repelling the foreign armies which menaced the tottering fabric of the French monarchy , the revolution was hastening to its climax . The monarchy heing extinguished , and the king and his family placed in confinement , a decree of banishment was hastily passed against all other members . of the Bourbon Capet race . This act of proscription , however , was as summarily repealed .
On tbe 21 st of January , 1793 , the unfortunate Louis XVI . was executed , and on the 6 th of November the Duke of Orleras ( Egalife ) was tried before the revolutionary tribunal , on a charge of conspiring against tbe nation , was condemned , and guillotined . At that period the Duke of Chartres fled into the Belgian Netherlands , then under Austria , where he was courteously received , but he refused to take up arms against France . For some time he was subject to great privations , frequently journeying on foot , with a pack on his back , and shoes worn out , and sometimes fearful of discovery . He , however , managed to get an introduction to the teacher of an academy at Reichenau , in tbe Grisons . Here , under a feigned name , and without being recognised .
he taught geography , and the French and English languages for many months . In consequence of some political troubles , the Duke of Orleans—for such he was now entitled to be called , after the decease of his father- left Switzerland , and travelled through a great part of Europe , residing for some time in Denmark , without the knowledge of the French government . Through his mother , the Duchess of Orleans , a communication was made , that if he went to America , the sequestration should be taken from his property , and she would be made more comfortable , and her two other sons , Montpensier and Beaojolais , should be released from prison , and permitted also to embark for America . To this proposition the Duke of Orleans acceded ; and , accordingly , on the 24 th of September . 1796 , he embarked for Philadelphia , which , he reached after a passage of twenty-seven days , and where he was joined by Montpensier and Beauiolais .
. Whilst here they learned that a law bad been passed in France decreeing the expulsion of all the Bourbon family from the country , and that their mother had been deported to Spain . Their object was now to join her , but owing to their pecuniary circumstances , and to the war between England and Spain , this object was not easily accomplished . After iuauy extraordinary adventures , however , thi-y reached England , and having proceeded to London , they shortly afterwards took up their quarters at Twickenham . The English government having allowed the Duke ot Orleans a free passage in a frigate to Minorca , he proceeded thither , expecting to find the means of passing over to Spain . From the convulsed state that country was in , the expedition proved fruitless , nnd ha was obliged to return back to England again , retiring to Twickenham , at which place the Duke of Montpensier died on the 18 th of May , 1807 , and was buried in Westminster Abbey .
At tbe invitation of King Ferdinand of Naples , the Duke of Orleans visited Palermo , where he gained the affections of the Princess Amelia , the second daughter of the King , and in 1809 they were married . In 1814 , intelligence reached Palermo that Napoleon had abdicated the throne , and that tbe Bourbons were to be restored to France . On the 18 th of May he arrived in Paris , when , in a short time , he was in the enjoyment of the honours due to them . The return of Napoleon in 1815 broke up his arrangements , and he again went to reside at Twickenham . On the return ef Louis XVIII ., after the hundred dnys , an ordinance was issued , authorising , according to the charter as it then stood , all the
princes of the blood to take their seats in the Chamber of Peers , and the duke returned to France in September , 1815 . Here he distinguished himsef by a display of liberal sentiments , which were so little agreeable to tbe administration that be returned to England , where he remained till 1817 . He then returned to France , but was not again summoned to sit in the Chamber of Peers . He , therefore , remained in private life for some time , when an unexpected scene was opened—viz ., the revolution ef 1830 , during which the King was in effect discrowned , and the throne vacated . In this emergency , tbe provisional government , which had arisen out of tbe struggle , and in which Lnfitte , Lafayette , and other politicians had taken the lead , turned towards Louis Philippe . A negotiation with him was opened , and , after a few days' consideration , he acceded to the request , and at noon on the
31 st of July , he went to Paris , and accepted the office which had been assigned to him . On the 2 nd of August the abdication of Charles X . and bis son was placed in the hands of the lieutenantgeneral—tbe abdication , however , being in favour of tbe Duke of Bordeaux . On the 7 th , the Chamber of Deputies declared the throne vacant , and on the following day the chamber went in a body to Louis Philippe , and offered him the crown on terms of a revised charter , which he formerly accepted in the Chamber of Deputies on tbe 9 th . He brought to the throne habits which peculiarly fitted him for active business . He examined himself all important papers connected with the affairs of state , read the principal journals , and attended even to tbe details of his own private fortune , and to the management of the affairs of bis family and children .
A writer in Frazers Magazine , writing some years ago , says : —•• The King oil the French was a early riser , seldom being found in bed alter six in the summer or after eight in winter . At eleven ,, when in Paris , he generally visited the buildings of the TuUeries and the Palais Royal . On such occasions he was often accompanied by his departed sister , and generally by his architect . Here he was in a congenial element . He had no mean knowledge of architecture , and was seldom so happy as when dabbling in bricks and mortar , and ordering necessary alterations and repairs . After a council : the king would proceed oyer the TuUeries and Louvre , for he liked to visit the ateliers of painters . If he entered into conversation with an artist whose
manners and discourse pleased him , he told the painter how he sighed on remembering the tiroes when he walked from one . end of Paris to another with an umbrella under his arm . ' Ah , my good sir , ' he would say , ' when I waSiDuke of Orleans , I could carry my old umbrella as a walkihg-stick from one end . of Paris to the other—go out with a pair of strong old shoes , which had got the shape and form of my feet , and gave me ample room and verge enough I In such guise and gear I could stare in at all print and book shops , look over the stalls , which was a great delight and pleasure to me ; but , being the King of the French , I cannot do that now . The other day ' my people' wanted to prevent a worthy man and a distinguished magistrate the entree id me because he cairied an old umbrella , and was somewhat dirt-bespattered ; but I told ' my people ' that those who carried umbrellas , and whose shoes .
hose , and trowsera were somewhat marked with la boue de Paris ; were the happ iest people after all . Voila lefait , man ban monsieur . ' " The civil list granted to Louis Philippe by the law of tbe 2 nd of March , 1832 , differed in amount of allowance in money from that to his predecessor by about twenty millions of francs per annum , but Louis Philippe was relieved from keeping np an establishment of g ardes du corps . The grant was twelve millions , exclusive of the revenues to be derived from numerous woods , forests , and estates . On tho other hand , the keeping up and repairing these estates were at the charge of the civil list . As Louis Philippe had a strong passion for building , i . . ¥ *? taken care to have a clause inserted in the '« nl list law , authorising him to make such additions , alterations , and emoetlishmentB as he should aeem proper to any of th » royal domains . The
Dbate Oj-'Tm-Sfc&Rag Of The Fbench, Ioui...
fullswing which iouis Philippe gave to ' this hobby was evinced bythe improvements in the palace of the Tuilenes , the restoring of Fontainhleau and its dependencies , the conversion ' ' of ^ he Palace of Versailles into an historical museum ; and works at other places , largely indebted the civil list-to what amount has been variousl y stated . However amiable some ot his ' private qualities might be , it was soon found that , in his public capacity , Louis Philippe was not acceptable to . the French nation . The numerous attempts made to assassinate him are suGScientl y familiar . He would not give way to the advancing spirit of the age , and year by year his government became more and more
corrupt and unpopular . With a great private fortune and a liberal civil list , he yet ran into debt . His tradesmen were constantly applying to'bim for payment . He owed his fruiterers 95 , 000 francs , and his baker at Neuilly 25 , 000 francs . No man possessed in a higher degree the mania of heaping provisions , purchasing without measure , and generally without choice . The cellars of Neuilly contained 75 , 000 bottles of 150 different kinds of wines , and upwards ot 1 , 200 full hogsheads . The bronze stores of Tillers were filled with a sufficient quantity of works of art , small statues , clocks , various ornaments in gilt bronze and others , to furnish three palaces .
At last the period of his downfall came . He opposed the reforms loudly demanded . The fatal day was the 24 th of February , 1848 . The story has been thus graphically told by M . Emile de Girardin , in his personal narrative of the events which took place in the palace of the Tuileries on the day of the abdication and flight of Louis Philippe : " M . Emile de Girardin was passing before the Hotel des Affaires Estrangeres , when tne accidental discharge which lighted a revolution took p lace . On February 24 , at seven o ' clock in the morning , he had gone through the streets , and had , by personal observation satisfied himself of the gravity of the situation ; he then determined tu go to the Tuileries , and arrived there at eight o ' clock after
having scaled several barricades . He demanded to speak to the King ; General Rumigny requested him first to see M . Thiers , who was at the headquarters of the Carousel with MM . Barrot , de Kemusat , Duvergier , d'Houranne , and Lamoriciere . M . de Girardin went there and convinced them that the situation was more grave than they imagined . From the head quarters he went back to the Tuileries—a proclamation was got up hastily , but where was it to be printed ? There was plenty of artillery , but no printing office . A printing press and types would at that moment have been worth more than ten cannons and their ammunition . M . Thiers implored M . Merruan and M . de Girardin to compose and print as quickly as possible at the
printing offices of the Consiitutionnel and the Presse the proclamation which had been' prepared , and which announced the formation of the ministry of Thiers , Barrot , Duvergier , and Bemusat , and the dissolution of the chamber . At the same moment that M . de Girardin came out of the Tuileries MM . Guizot , de Broglie , and d'Haussonville arrived thereon foot . They were not received . Seconds are hours . To go from the Tuileries to the Rue Montmartre , crossing thirty barriers , required more than thirty minutes . The proclamation of M . Thiers is composed and printed . It was in vain to attempt to post it up ; it was hissed at , and immediately torn down . M . de Girardin , judging by
this fact of the gravity of circumstances , took upon himself , to compose immediately the following proclamation : — " Tuileries , Feb . 24 th , 1848 ; eleven o ' clock in the morning—Abdication of the king ; regency of the Duchess of Orleans ; dissolution of the chamber ; general amnesty ; " and returned with all despatch to the Tuileries . He informed Marshal Bugeaud at the head quarter of the Carousal of what was passing , and then went to tbe cabinet of the king , where he was introduced after losing several minutes in attending . The king was in an arm chair , near tbe window . MM . Thiers and de Bemusat were present ; they were standing near the fire-place .
"What is the matter , M . de Girardin ? " said the King . — " There is not , sire , a moment to lose , and if the most decisive measures are not now taken in an hour royalty will have ceased in France . " All eyes were directed on M . de Giradin , as if he had lost bis reason . He perceived M . Merruan , the principal editor of the Constitutional , who was present , and appealed to him . The statement of M . de Girardin was confirmed by M . Merruan , After a moment of silence the King said , " What is to be done ?"— "Abdicate , sire ' . —abdicate I—
" Yes , without a moment ' s hesitation , and confer the regency on tho Duchess of Orleans , for tbe Duke de Nemours will not be accepted . " The King rose and said , "Gentlemen , shall I mount my horse ?"— "No , " was the reply . —The Duke de Montpensier approached the King and pressed him to abdicate . —The King said , "I abdicate . The regency of the Duchess of Orleans is accepted . " The Messagerga . ro the following as the autograph act of abdication signed by Louis Philippe : — "I abdicate the crown which the voice of the
nation called me to wear , m favour of my grandson the Count de Paris . May he succeed in tbe task which this day falls upon him . "Louis Philippe . " TheMessageradded— "Thisimportant document was snatched at the Tuileries from the hands of the general , who was going to present it to the people , by the citizen Charles Lagrange , of Lyons , who cried on seizing it So Regency—No more Kings—Vive la Republique . ' It was written on a square and irregular piece of paper , which was folded before it was quite dry ; it is blotted with duplicata in some places . " His subsequent fate is familiar to all . His flight from Paris to the sea-shore ; his escape in disguise to England ; bis kind reception in this country , are well known . Claremont was given him as an abode , and there , with the exception of some weeks ' sojourn , at Richmond , and a season spent at St . Leonard ' s , Louis Philippe continued to reside . Here , too , he breathed his last on Monday morning , the ' 26 th of August .
The Late Thomas Preston. A Few Friends O...
THE LATE THOMAS PRESTON . A few friends of this veteran reformer have formed themselves into a committee to receive funds on behalf of his widow , with the view of securing for her a small annuity , or some other assistance in her old age . The following particulars of the deceased patriot may be interesting to our readers — .. j . - " At a very early period of his life Mr . Thomas Preston espoused tbe cause of Parliamentary Reform , and became the friend and coadjutor of Horne Tooke , Thelwall , and Hardy . So long ago as
March , 1782 , he was admitted a member of the famous Corresponding Society , or , " Friends of the People , " as they , were called . For more than half a century he was prominently known as an active , energetic , and dauntless leader of the Radical reformers , who , especially after tbe peace of 1815 , were deemed so truly formidable by the Tory governments of the Regency and of the reign of George IV ., as to be subjected to many state prosecutions ; and even to cause , for a time , the legislative interference , in the suspension of the Habeas Corpus Act , in order that they might be effectuall y paralysed in their endeavours to obtain that parliamentary reform which was afterwards , in 1832 ,
achieved . " Jn 1817 , Mr . Preston had to undergo his amount of suffering . Be was . immured as a state prisoner in the Tower of London , whence he was taken to the Court of King ' s Bench , Westminster , and was there arraigned upon an indictment charging , him with high treason . The trial lasted for nine days , during which the utmost efforts and ingenuity of the Attorney-General . and other crown lawyers wero exerted to obtain his conviction , but he was honourably acquitted by the jury . In 1820 he was a second time arraigned upon another charge of high
treason ; but the Attorney-General conscious ot the groundlessness of the prosecution , after the prisoner had been placed at tbe bar , and the indictment had heen read , declined to call any witnesses ; and Mr . Preston was , of course , discharged . The expenses of these prosecutions , however , and the odium in wHch they involved him , utterly ruined Mr . Preston and his family , deprived him of his connections in business , and reduced him to earn subsistence , during the last thirty years of bis life , at . the . miserable occupation of a mere cobbler or mender of old boots and shoes ... ¦ . ¦ ¦ , -
" After the . Reform Act of 1832 Mr . Preston interfered but little in political affairs . He thenceforward sought to gather and provide the fruits of reform . In tho sedate quiet and vigour of Ins age he gave his mind and . devoted his energies to the concoction and promotion of a p lan for rendering the working , classes entirely self-supporting ; for extinguishing pauperism and poor s-rates ; for paving off the national debt ; and , in other respects , for greatly advancing tho public prosperity , , 1 ms plan eventually brought him under , the notice of Luke James Hansard , Esq ., . Mr . John Robert
Taylor , and other philanthropists , and wnen orougui forward by Mr . Preston and Mr . Flexen , at a pub he meeting held in August , 1849 , orig inated tho public appointment of a committee of an association oi aii classes of the people for the ' general amelioration ot the present condition of society . . . « ;¦ ., "Mr . Preston was interred in Bunhill iiews burying-ground , on , the 10 th of June , 1850 . me working-classes honoured him with a public funeral as a mark of their respect . Down to the very moment of Mr . Preston ' s fatal attack he had industriously worked ior the maintenance oi himselt ana his excellent wife . He expired after an illness ot only fourteen days .
Removal Of The Marble Arch.—On_ Tuesday ...
Removal of the Marble Arch . —On _ Tuesday workmen were employed in erecting a scanoiamg oi considerable strength round the marble arch at Buckingham P »\ ace , preparatory to Va & iBg'n w piecos ,
Kossuth Aad His Fello W-Cai'tivjss At Ku...
KOSSUTH AAD HIS FELLO W-CAi'TIVJSS AT KUTAJAH . •¦ ' •¦ ¦ ¦ - ¦ Intelligence of a sinister " character has been re "; ceivedfrom Kutajab , under date July 26 , viz ., that the Auatro . Croatia employe , or rather brigand , Jasraag » , had arrived at that place .. This is the same man who , since the arrival of the Hungarian refugees in 1 urkey , is supposed to be engaged at Sohum - ian , and e . sewhere , iu various attempts at their assassination . His nefarious designs had attracted the attention pf the Ottoman government , and strict orders were given to the authorities to have him
cl 08 e , r etched . God knows in what all this is to end Can it be expected that the refugees , after having escaped the executioners of Austria should ? esca pe her assassins ? Kutajah is so remote , in the heart of Asia Minor , and for that very reason probably was selected b y Austria as the place of detention of the captives , in order that her conduct towards them might be free from any troublesome surveillance on the part of England . One fatal stroke ( and Austria wants neittu-r the means nor the will to try it)—it would be unseen , unknown —and all is over .
Ihe refugees are now treated with consideration ano kindness , which they attribute in a great measure to _ the influence of England ; but Kutajah is a detestable place- rthe climate is horrible , the cold , even m summer , is often severe . Kossuth is perpetually ill , bis companions in captivity are so too , and more than a third of the whole number are confined to their beds . What will be their condition when winter comes on . There are no means at Kutajah of providing against the rigours of the season , and the place affords neither good food , nor tolerable accommodation , nor comforts of any kind . It is , with these wretched victims of the vengeance of Austria , a question no longer of liberty but of life . If their captivity ue ' prolonged , if they be not speedily removed from , where they now are , they are lost ; for even if they escape the poison and the dagger of Jasmagi and his band , they will perish by a still more terrible death , and fall victims to the climate where they are so cruelly kept
prisoners . , The Porte has kept its word . It promised to detain them a year ; thore is nothing to fear on th « part of the Austrian government—the dismissal of Haynau—the amnesties—attest it . Everything is quiet . Moreover , Kossuth and his companions have no desire to remain in Turkey ; and tbe effect of their being set at liberty would be to remove them still further from the frontiers of Hungary—which was tho alleged motive of their detention . Are there no means of causing all these reasons in their favour to prevail ? - If , hoirever , it is impossible that they should be restored to liberty , az least they might be permitted to leave Kutajah , and have assigned to them some place of captivity in a better climate , and at a leas distance from Europe . Ah ! if Lord Palmerston chose , he would , only have to
say the word ; and now it is no longer anything bur . a question of humanity—if Lord Palmerston chose to save their lives ho might do it . The American papers publish the following letter from this exiled and imprisoned hero , to General Cass : — " Kutajah ( Asia Minor ) , May 23 , 1850 . " . General , —It is already ten months that I have had the anguish of exile to endure . Nature has man ' s mind with wonderful elasticity endowed . It yields to many changes of fate , aud gets accustomed even to adversity . But to one thing the patriot ' s heart never learus to inure itself—to the pangs of exile . " Youjemember yon patrician of Venice , who , when banished , feigned nigh treason , that he might at least from the scaffold , cast over the Rialto a glance once more .
" This fond desire I can easily understand . I can so the more , because yon Venetian , though exiled , knew his fatherland to be happy and great ; but I , sir , carry the dolor of millions , the pains of a downtrodden country in my wounded breast , without having even the sad consolation to think that it could not otherwise be . Oh ! had Divine Providence only from treason deigned me to preserve , I swear to Almighty God the threatening billows of despotism would have fallen like foam from the rock of my brave people ' s breasts . To have this firm conviction , sir , and instead of the well deserved victory of freedom , to find oneself in exile , the fatherland in chains , is a profound sorrow , a nameless grief . , " Neither have I the consolation to have found mitigations of this grief at the hospitable hearth of a great free people , the contemplation of , which , by the imposing view of freedom ' s wonderful powers , warms the despondent heart , making it in the destiny of mankind believe .
" It is not a coward lamentation which makes me say all this , General , but the lively sense of gratitude and thankful acknowledgments for your generous sympathy . I wanted to sketch the darkness of my destiny , that you mig ht feel what benefit must have been to me your beam of light , by which you , from the capital of free America , have heightened my night . " It was in Broussa , General , that the notice of your imposing speech has reached me ; in yonder Broussa ,-where Hannibal bewailed his country ' s mischief ; and foretold the fall of its oppressors . Hannibal , exiled like myself , but still unhappier , as he was accompanied in exile by the ingratitude of his people , but I by the love of mine .
"Yes , Genera ] , your powerful speech was not only tho inspiration of sympathy for unmerited misfortune , so natural to noble , feeling hearts—it was the revelation of the justice , of God—it was a leaf from the book of fate " , unveiled to the world . On that day , General , you were sitting , in the name of mankind , in tribunal ; passing judgment on despotism and the despots of the world ; and , as sure as the God of Justice lives , your verdict will be accomplished . " Shall I yet have my share in this great work , or not ? I do not know . Once almost an efficient instrument in the hands of Providence . I am now buried alive . With humble heart will I accept the call to action , should I be deemed worthy of it , or submit to the doom of inactive sufferings , if it
must be se . But , be it one or the other , I know that your sentence will be fulfilled . I know that aged Europe , at the sun of Freedom s young America , will herself grow youuq again I know that my people , who proved so worthy of liberty , will yet , notwithstanding their present degradation , weigh heavy in this balance of fate ; and 1 know that , as long as one Hungarian lives , your name , General , will be counted among the most cherished in my native land , as the distinguished man , who , a worthy interpreter of tho generous sentiments ol the great American people , has , upon us poor Hungarians , the consolation bestowed of a confident hope , at a moment when Europe ' s decrepit , politics seemed our unmerited fate for ever to seal .
"May you be pleased , General , to accept the most fervent thanks of ah honest friend of freedom . Let me hopo that , should Mr . Ujhazy ( my oldest and best friend , and present representative in the United States , ) in the . interest of the holy cause to which you have so generously your protection Recorded , addresses bimpelf to you for something which you might , in your wisdom , judge convenient and practicable , you will not withhold from us your powerful support ; and please to accept the assuranceof my highest esteem and most peculiar veneration . ' " L . Kossum , Anc . Governor of Hungary . "To tho honourable the Gen . Cass , Washington . - . ' . ' I hope you will excuse my bad English . 'I thought it my duty to address you in your own language . " ' : ¦ ' ,
Christian Clergymen Ind Christian Charit...
Christian Clergymen iND Christian Chariti . — The Stamford JSfercuru states that when a .. . Mrs . Wainer , of Melton Mowbray , who , it appears , has not led a very godiy life , was on herdemh-bed , u few daysisince , she . desired that some one should pray with her . The curate was sent for , but he commenced a fierce tirade against her respecting her past life , and positively refused to pray with the dying sinner . - . ' , We presume it was because she , was a sinner that he would not pray with her ! . Some pious neighbours gave her the conaulatioa which tho clergyman refused . Tho woman died , and the clergymen of the place again took upon themselves to judge her ; lor one shut the gates of the churchyard entirely against her ; the other refused : the
corpse entrance into the church , though he read the service over her . With reference to the above , our contemporary , tho Examiner says : "We say nothing of shutting , the church-doors . The rev . gentleman might do with the body any unseemly thing he pleased , or might think it decent to enact . ; But who is this disguised among the ministers of Jesus , who dares refuse to pray beside , a dying woman because sho . was a sinner ? Who is this ? Is it the Rev . W . Coles ,, of Melton Mowbray ? ; The Pharisees , as Mr . Coles might do , objected to . our Lord , that he had too , much : care for sinners . .. Only the Pharisees could not move Him to anger . ,-. Whether Mr . Coles be a high churchman or a low churchman , we know , hot . Most probably he preaches Philpptts . But we know that ho ought not to be / a . teacher in the church of , Christ—he needs ' too : greatly to be
taught . " ¦ .. > . . . : , '¦;; ,., ¦ . ... ; . ' . , ¦¦ .:.-. . ; ! . > , ¦ .-. ' .: , Passengers' Stores . —It appearing that a diversity of practice prevails in charging , the ; 'duty on small quantities of cigars or manufactured tobacco , the uucomsumed stores of passengers arriving . in this country from abroad , the authorities have given orders that any , quantity under half-a-pound in weight may be delivered duty free , but that cigars ornKinufactored tobacco , brought by , passengers , of the weight of half-a-pound ' and upwards , is to be charged with duty pn the actual and entire quantity . Alarming . . Occurrence . —0 n . Wednesday , . afternoon a portion of the new building in course of erection at tbe corner of New Oxford-street , Tottenham Court-road , fell with a tremendous crash ., A largo quantity of the material fell on . the footpath and roadway , and several persons who happened , to be passing were seriously injurfld , ^
Scotland In 1762. . A Case Was Lately Tr...
SCOTLAND IN 1762 . . A case was lately tried in tho Court of Common Pleas , as to the succession to the property of , one William Goodwin , who died intestate in London in 1845 , leaving property worth two or three thousand pounds a-year . It appeared that about the year 1760 , David Goodwin , tho younger , married , and went to reside at Fort-George , in Scotland , and as evidence of tho manners and condition of Scotland in those times , tho following letter , written .-by Mrs . Goodwin , whose maiden name was Mary Morrison , to her relatives in England , and which were given in evidence , will not be without interest : —
Fort-George , March 18 , 1762 . Dear Cousins , —I hope this will find you and all our friends in good health , as we are at present , thank God for it . I am sorry I have not wrote before , but expecting Mr . Goodwin to write stopt my hand , but now would stay no longer ; but we have been very poorly with the severity of tho weather . My poor Davey has been very bad with the stone , and has hau one taken from liim by a poorwomnn about the size of a horse bean . . We are verysorrj for our neighbours' misfortunes , especially Mrs . Gray for the loss of poor Polly , which we know must be a very great one , I hope the next news we hear will be of your both being married , hut not to Scotchmen , for you must live upon broutitt , and bouakes , and povage made of bean meal , what we call pollard , mixt thick with water , with a little cale cut in it ; go without stays , or shoes and stockings , and lay upon straw beds , tho best is hut chaff , and sit at the
spinning-wheel ; then you would make a good wife ; but if you live as English people live you must be very extravagant . That is the way they live so cheap here , nnd ia called middling sort of people that livca well and keeps a servant ; and all pig together in one room in dens like beasts ; and when they wash they tuck their petticoat round tVir waist , for they wear but one , and stand upon their clothes in the tub and tramp them , and , all their backsides as bare as ever they were born , by tho sea-slde ; and if they arc going across a river , they tuck up in the same way , and take the men upon their backs , and wade through , for they are stronger than the men . When they lie in , they go abroad at the week ' s end ; they never want no doctor , and that was tho reason I ( Illegible ) got cold and was bad ; and here is no carriages but little carts , with bars at
the bottom , that will hold but one , what they bring peats for firing in , which is very scarce here , for we have no coals no nearer than Edinburgh , and wo are 170 miles heyond that . I suppose you are so fashionable in London now you have got a Queen that I should not know anybody . I should be glad if you would scud me word how they wear their gowns , and caps , and bonnets . I wrote a letter to my mother the 27 th of January ; I hope she has received it My little Dick grows a fine boy , and almost goes alone . 1 hope my aunt and little Ketsy keep their health . Davcy and Jemmy desire their duties to their aunt and love to yourselves ; and they talk about Prankey and Betty Gipson very much , and often wish they could see them . 1 think 1 have emptied my budget pretty well , tor it will tire you with reading It . Mr . Goodwin joins with vae in duty to my mother and aunts , and love to yourselves and all friends ,
Prom your ever loving cousin till death , Mart Goodwin . It appeared that two of the sons of this David Goodwin , who lived at Fort-George , came up to Shadwell . The elder of the two , George Goodwin , became a cooper , and amassed a considerable fortune in his trade . His younger brother , William , was apprenticed to him , and also set up business us a cooper , and made a considerable sum of money . George left his estate chiefly to William , and the Other brothers , and their issue having become extinct , William became , as he himself said , the last of his name and race , and died intestate in 1816 . The defendant then claimed the property , as did the plaintiff . The two met to talk over their title . The plaintiff ' s ancestors , the alleged descendants of Joseph Goodwin , had been persons of low condition
of life , having been weavers in Bethnal Green . One side at this . conference said , "How can you claim the property ? your name is not Goodwin . " The other said , " Why , how can you claim it ; your father was a weaver ? " and tho present action was , therefore , brought to try the righ ' . For the plaintiff , it was shown that several of the Bethnal Green Goodwin family were in the habit of calling on the Shadwell Goodwins , and that as " the poor Goodwins came in at the back door , the rich ones used generally to walk out at the front . ; " as the learned counsel for the plaintiff said , they were not relatives to bo boasted of . It was ' also proved that one of the rich Goodwins had given £ 5 towards burying the
husband of one Sarah Greenaway , a member of the poor Goodwin family , which the learned counsel contended was not a mere charitable act , but one dictated by the feeling of relationship . : The Lord Chief Justice very ably and clearly summed up all the facts , and left it to tho jury to find- ; first , whether . David Goodwin had a son Joseph , and , secondly , whether the plaintiff was descended from that son Joseph . These facts the plaintiff was bound to make out as a better title than the defendant ' s , ' before he could turn the defendant out of possession of the property . The jury , after consulting together half-an-hour , found a verdict for the defendant .
Elopements In Hioh And Low Life,—Two Elo...
Elopements in Hioh and Low Life , —Two elopements , in very different spheres of society , have taken place within the last few days . Tho particulars of the first are thus detailed by tbe Welshman : " Considerable excitement was occasioned at Slebech Hall , near Haverfordwest , tho seat of the Baron de Rutzen , on the 20 th instant , owing to the mysterious disappearance of the eldest daughter of the Baron and Baroness de Butzen . It appears that tbe young lady , who is not only highly accomplished , hut is also possessed of rare personal charms , had been accustomed for several days previously to leave home at an early hour in the morning , for the ostensible purpose of gatherin * mushrooms . On the morning in question she went out at the usual hour
in her morning dress , and carrying a smnll basket on her . arm . She did not return . The servants were despatched in all directions in search of her , but without success , and at length it was feared that she had been accidentally drowned in one of the fish ponds near the mansion , and men were even set to drag them ; but fortunately , however , their efforts were fruitless . Matters continued to wear a most gloomy aspect until two o ' clock in the afternoon , when tho mystery was explained by the arrival of a mounted messenger ,, with a letter to the Baron from Richard Lort Philipps , Esq ., of East Hook , apprising him of his ( Mr . Philipp ' s ) marriage at St . Bride ' s Church that morning , to the missing fair one , and enclosing a certificate of the
completion of tho nuptial ceremony . It appears that Mr . Philipps had been for some time an ardent admirer of Miss de Butzen , and that his attentions were received propitiously by her , but for some reasons the parents of the lady did not favour his suit , although he was a frequent visitor at the hall . The following is the way m which the affair was arranged and carried into effect : —Between six and seven o ' clock on the morning of the 20 th he took a chaiae from the Mariner ' s Hotel , Haverl ' ord west , directing the driver to proceed as fast as he could to Cosbro ' Lodge , on the road to Narberth , about four miles from Haverfordwest . On . arrival there he was desired to pull up , when Mr . Philipps alighted from the carriage , and immediately the lady , faithful to
her engagement , made her appearance from behind tbe hedge . In an instant she was escorted to tbe carriage by Mr . Philipps , and away they proceeded post haste to St . Bride ' s Church , a distance of sixteen miles , where the happy pair were united by the Rev . William Bowen Harries . ' They then left in the same carriage en route for Auerystwith , relays of horses awaiting them at St . Catherine ' s Bridge and at New Inn where the luggage of the fugitives had been forwarded , and the lady ' s future maid awaited their arrival . Mr . Philipps is much esteemed in Haverfordwest , and the hells of St . Mary ' s Church celebrated his nuptials with many a merry . peal throughout the day . At East Hook great . rejoicings took place , and an ample repast
was provided for the servants and labourers . on tho estate . ——Tho other oaso is perhaps more remarkable . A few days ago ( says the Carlisle Patriot ) Felix Lough , lato ot London , widower , who has a family of three children , and now an inmate of Penrith Union \ vovkho \ ise , eloped to Gretna Green with Mary Jackson , widow , who has a family of four children , and also an inmate , of the same workhouse . A few days previous to the elopement the parties gave , notice to Sir . Slee , the master of the workhouse , that they intended to leave the workhouse , and accordingly they did so . How they raised the wind is not known , but the fact is that they set off on foot upwards of thirty miles to Gretna , and on arriving there found that they had little or no cash
to pay the officiating priest ,- who asked a sum twenty times more in amount than what they were possessed of , and persisted that ho would not marry them for a farthing less . However * Felix Lough , in a most melancholy strain , explained that his wife was dead j ; that Mary Jackson ' s husband was also dead ; that they- were both paupers belonging to Penrith Union workhouse , and becoming quite convulsed , and letting flow a flood . of tears over his wrinkled cheeks , in the most affecting , manner ex claimed , "For goodness sake do marry us , for Mary Jackson was the first sweetheart that I ever had , aye , long , before I was married to my first poor wife , but then she would not have me ; now she has consented . to be . my , wife . . 01 do marry us . "
I ' . Yes , yes , it is all true , . do wed : us , '' said Mary Jackson . The priest was moved with compassion ; he married them . Soon afterwards they set off on their return to . Penrith on foot , and oh their arrival . there they were foot-sore and completely , dished , up , and not having a place , where to lav their heads , they e ' en applied to Mr . Armstrong , tno relieving officer , for . ' ah order into tho workhouse again , who , according to the present state of the poor law , was obliged to give them ah order , and now the new married couple , in accordance with , tho same law , are spending their , honeymoon in the workhouse , apart from each other .
Holiowat ' s Pills a ' sotebior jushedte JoaSEvEBECocsnsi 1 ' lECEHT COIDS , OR APFECTIONS OP TliE GlIEST AND LUSOS , — This far-famed medicine is ths most extraordinary remedy ever known , for the cure of colds ; aathmas , and all affections of the chest , to which fact many sufferers have tes lined . Its peculiar properties ave such as to give ' immediate relief to the patient , and eventually effect a perfect cure . It speedily removes the accumulated' phelgm . thereby glvtog fteeuota to the respiratory organs ;¦ so let the ! asthmaho or those suffering from shortness of breath , diseases of the lungs , or similar complaints , have recourse to these inestimable , pills to insure , a . permanent restoration to , healthi ,
Thje Peac 1 ? Ooingress,...... . .. .. -...
THJE PEAC ? OOiNGREsS , ...... . .. .. -. ,... „ . . B" ! .. The special train , win ' oii with : ttio great bod y of the peacemakers left London- & ri'dgo , on Monday tho 19 th , arrived safe at jpVtnfcforM > n-the Maine , on Thursday morning the 22 nd inst ., and the Congress hegan business about half-past ten , in St . Paul ' s Church , which was granted by the Authorities . Tho edifice was occupied by the German Parliament during the recent attempts to restore' the German unity and sationality . A copy of the followisg resolutions in three languages was handed' to each person as he entered the Paulskirche •— . " 1 . The Congress of the frieiids ' of universal peace assembled at Frankfort-on-the Maine , the 22 nd , 23 rd , and the 24 th of August , 1850
acknow-, ledges that ' recourse to arms being condemned alike by religion , morality , reason , and humanity , it is the duty of all men to adopt measures onfeu « lated to abolish war ; ' and the Congress recommends all its members to labour in their respective countries , by means of a better education of youth , by tho pulpit , the platform , and the press , as well as by other practical methods , to eradicate those hereditary hatreds and political and commeoia ! prejudices which havo been bo generally the cause of disastrous wars . " 2 . This Congress is of opinion that one of tho most effectual means of preserving peace would bo
tor governments to refer to arbitration all those differences between them which cannot be otherwise amicably adjusted . " That the standing armaments with which the governments of Europe menace one another , impose intolerable burdens and inflict grievous moral and social evils upon their respective communities ; this Congress cannot therefore too earnestly call the attention of governments to the necessity of entering upon a system of international disarmament , without prejudice to such measures as may he considered necessary for the maintenance of the security of the citizens and the internal tranquillity of each state .
" 4 . This Congress reiterates Us strong disap . probation of all foreign loans , negotiated for the purpose of furnishing to one people the means of slaughtering another . " 5 . This Congress acknowledges the principle of non-intervention , recognises it to be the sole right of every state to regulate its own affairs . " 6 . This Congress recommends all the friends of peace to prepare public opinion in their respective countries for tho convocation of a congress of tha representatives of the various states , with a view to the formation of a code of international law . " The first proceeding of the meeting was the election of a president nnd vice-president , who took their places on the throne surmounted by the Dark Eagle . The former was Dr . Jaup , of Darmstadt , a venerable looking country parson sort of gentleman .
The first two resolutions occupied the attention of the meeting on the first day , and were of course carried unanimously . The chief speakers were the Rev . J . Burnet , M . Emilie Girardin , M . Bonnet ( tbe pastor ef the French Protestant church at Frankfort ) , and Mr . Cobden . Tho Englishmen came with the advantage of a langnage more familiar to them than to the rest of the audience , and they turned their advantage to the best account . Mr . Burnet is one of these half-facetious orators who can always season a sentiment with a joke , and the moral or religious " wag" is ever a . favourite with pious assemblies . His argument against the employment of weapons was based ' on tho fact that man is born without tusks or claws . " Tigers , " quoth the Rev . Mr . Bnrnet , " have
claws ; therefore they were made to fi ght . Men were made with none , therefore they are bound to keep the peace . " Waistcoats and pantaloons might have been abolished by the same course of reason * ing ; but , nevertheless , the sophism took amazingly and was applauded to the echo . After the more jolly Caledonian , tho French pastor , who went logically through the categories of religion , morality , reason , and humanity , and brought in allusions to the Redeemer as the preacher of peace , in a tone of Gallican fervour strongly distinguished from English pietism , came in somewhat lugubriously . Sentiments much the same as his own were much more popularly expressed by Mr . Richard Garnett , a negro orator , who ascended tha tribunal with all the advantages of his sable hue .
The appearance in tho tribune of M . Emile Girardin was the signal for loud acclamations on ths part of the French auditors . He was the representative of France par excellence , and his distinovt appearence contrasted strangely with the primative look of many of his fellow ortaors . His speech was equally different from those of bis predecessors . Biblical allusions were not in his way , but he cams in as a propounder of philosophical abstractions , which no pointed off with French epigrammatic neatness . The idea of unite was to be carried
outunite in everything ; and every time ho said th » word -unite it was with remarkable gusto . Then he got into universal history , and , declaring that certain conquerors of the old world were named Alexander , Cseaar , and Napoleon , added that the victors of the new world were named Watt , Wilberforce , die . Civilisation was th
wards the conclusion . The President after the passing of the first resolution , which occurred about ont » o ' clock , allowed the parties assembled to retire for ten minutes , and many thus retiring never came back again . Hence considerably more empty seats were visible in the afternoon than in the morning ,, and two or three orators which opened the second act , and included another speech by Girardin , a very long history of William Penn , digested into aa address from the Pennsylvanian Peace Society , wera by no means of such a nature as to diffuse anima * tion . But Cobden ' s speech set all right . It was a bold , slashing address , not marked throughout by good taste , but abounding in arguments and illustrations which everybody could understand . Ia
calling attention to the second resolution , he said , that he did not wish to interfere with the work of the diplomatists , but merel y insisted on the adoption of an international umpire when other peaceful means should fail , protesting against war as a nuisance which every people had a right to stop m defiance of the existing governments . If no better peaceable plan could be found the govemmeuta were bound to adopt that proposed by the Peaco Congress ; and if any government refused to adopt a plan of arbitration tho people should repudiat that government . This was pretty strong language , and the vehemence of tone and" gesture with which it was uttered stood out in strong relief against the epigrammatic manner and jerking action of JL
Emile Girardin . An allusion to the presence at the meeting of General Haynau , as an evidence that even the warriors ' themselves had become averse from their profession—though this was in the worst possible taste—brought the whole oration to a showy conclusion . The second resolution was carried immediately afterwards , and tho meeting' wa » adjourned till Friday , the audience being kindly reminded of the dinner , which has been prepared for them at the Main-lust . Victor Hugo was to have been one of tho spokesmen on thisoccasion , buta letter stating his illness , as well as his zeal for tbe cause , was received as a substitute . Fhidav , August 23 .
The second meeting went off on tho whole mora briskly than tho first . The Paulskirche , still not full , was better attended ; tho dry business of declaring what states were represented , and . who represented them , had been got over , and some of tbe best men had evidently come in with the resolution of giving full play to their eloquence . The business of the assembly was confined to the second and third resolutions on the list . The resolution concerning the standing nrrr-a- > ments was the grand affair , and occupied nearly the » whole of the time before and after tho- noon inter- viil . The other was disposed of with , little or no i expenditure of oratory . ;
Mr . Hindley , of Oldham , was ono of the cdnspi- tcuous speakers to-day , and his speech , while with- tout merit , was rather calculated to put the whole e matter in . i ridiculous point of view . He commenced d by speaking from the throne , instead of the tribune a placed in front of it , and when , in obedience to the ie hint of a sugpeative missionary , he 'descended , to the ifi latter , a titter ran through . the-. [ assembly . ' ,. Tne te military he attacked on tho ground that , he had id seen maimed soldiers in the streets , and that a , man in with two legs was a better member of . society . ' than a
a man with only one . . With anecdotes . he . was sither er copious , and he narrated with , remarkable unotioa oa how . ho had once n \ ct Lord ; Brougham , and how )? Lord Brougham had told him that the members of of the Peace Congress were ' . ' -the greatest fools m the ihe world . "' Forgiveness of injuries is of course a fun- indamental maxim with the Congress , and-. thei notion ioa of being called "lools " seemed to tickle ( ho audi- idiehce so much , that MSi . Hjhdley dwelt on the word ord "fool , " and worked : it backward and forward as ., as much a M . Girardin . worked the word '' . mite . ?'
The Gallic " sWof the diiy was decidedly M . M . Gajrnier , one of the secretaries of tho Congres s ,, esst whoso clear enunciation and -very logical formosa , created universal admiration . " He laid if Bowhashaiha fundamental proposition thivb a standing ' arwyar » the caMbf war , and carried on his reasoiuog w « *«* a precision so great that it might almost bo calMUod pedantic . ; .-W . Yi » wiiftro » tto-e «^ ttjjj . moral or religious , and he dwel much on the toniC s « I . labour consequent on the emp loyment of men SB i SB S Dr Bttller , a tall thin American , with white hair , , air , SS ? of ? ts 2 W # hS tUrthcrance * « pSe , Tutforto j riBMJ pwfW ^ waltato » - % » %
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Aug. 31, 1850, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_31081850/page/7/
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