On this page
- Departments (4)
-
Text (11)
-
¦" o V 10., THE NORTH1RN STAR. f October...
-
ifom gtt iftobements
-
.. Audlwill war . atleastinwerds, ,A „a-...
-
1 Denmark. * Revelations of Russia, by a...
-
Fiutebsitt on Nations, t- The Constitutionnel
-
says:- "We have received accounts from H...
-
Colonial anU .jftofatt inteHigeuce*
-
INDIA AND CHINA. The Bombay mails of the...
-
I declare to the inhabitants of Ouliiomi...
-
Denmark.—Kiel"; Oct. 17.—M. Oeshausen, who
-
has been liberated by the Danish governm...
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
-
-
Transcript
-
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
¦" O V 10., The North1rn Star. F October...
¦" o 10 ., THE NORTH 1 RN STAR . f October -31 , 15 * 40 . . ¦ . - - ¦ „ - .- - - > - 7 -
Ifom Gtt Iftobements
ifom gtt iftobements
.. Audlwill War . Atleastinwerds, ,A „A-...
.. Audlwill war . atleastinwerds , , „ a-shonldmy chance so happen—deeds , ) tfifh all ^ n 0 ' srar with Th 08 B '" m -k I hear a little bird , who « nS s ^ . eop leby and by witlbetke stronger . -Bikos
REVELATIONS OF RUSSIA . ICOSCLVDISQ ARTICLE . ] Or last extracts from these volumes we select a 5 w ring some light upon the XAVAL STRBKGTH OP RUSSIA . « rt . *» r « to Hnssia , which , like a vastinanfmate fL ^ not a hreathoffeeling to animateU , escepting * 'l galvanic-like , its government msprf s it is ^ Itmo rc Q ^ cult togather indiwtions ofiU futnre ? t T ^ -and wc are led to p lace an ennttasfa on signs , onaiie t ^ ^ . lMoe nnwortby of consided , i . -h , » na " ; s <; tancei - jealous despotism of Russia * , ion- -- " nd foreigners , without credit . Wn . or infcxt £ & a « -c " ^ to all offices responsibility , in pres ence m a" - su wcts . Russia appreciates the »_ , „ » her nau » v * ^^^ v _„_ i 1 * > ,..,.
„ ** " r « . ilitarv admtaistran » nf excepting the naval , * > , h « r peculiar adaptation 1 s » t . vious . From this * « licb liiopen to all other foreigners , of late years * ' Twlen strictlv excluded . We cannot , therefore , if - r 1 a rt susna , —**« findia S in Brit » sh power fire jjcljt tha * ^ ^ jgyrandi zerncnt at half the pointsx > f jrcstot ^ in the conceit-of her cabinet , swollen ie rt" |* n * enndtvinto rivalry , —has not been the 5 ait jft natu ra ^ - ^^ ^ arstoofltbe moral of the allegory of jfthow * ^ \ f hirst we , therefore , appreciate and jjelirte 1 ! ^ colossal resources of England ' s * aris kmn **" fee pjr taJaty , as far asburoan
calcula-^ amel *** " ? .... lr nfhpr unshnkeahlr lernritv . hut * ° rail not only of lier unshafceable security , but d °° ^" rtBtaal triump h against all and any external foes , rfner , tSe j . secnrKy that her power will not be ** *** ^ atMOied : and * 5 n this account xre think that " ^^ things which an English public negket , and ^ ^ derecden'tly oftiietechnical interest theyafford , *'"? « -wblic should study—we mean the real *& - of tlie aanori' -s strength when it chooses to exert f " ^" ^ n » ih-Dr weakness of those ,-who , before ^ % ns hrethTen , wSl be arrayed agatnStHt as enemies
^ ' sfer ^ om tne " Tel * of iraprohabuty that we may J ! sSossian-nsry , with its fifty thousand sailors , ^ L ^ a gainst tis , amongst other foes ,- £ terfling , if not dirnW enr coustrvmen ; and it is , therefore , well ^ . jjjc-sbocbfiesrn wha t value to-put upon that thing *« ^ tsds and patches , " woven into ~ r . be scarecrow giant ' s f . nn « Srirh , seen from a distance , InSistinct and dim ,: . wpdtd—but , closely we wed , 'becomes merely lu < £ --aons ^ ' fl ) ebeI "" ' j
osiers or THE BUSSJtS SAW . KiHaTeter the First , who , sa ' . age and barbarian ra . 5 ( l well deserved the name oTOreat , stood on the asc &* " ^ ^ ^* > the-nevrhr-conquered soil-Cf wna . still within reach « f the hostile Swedish cannon , ^ T e ; olTea = tc baild there a city-and a fleet , possessing Atr . noMUJert ^ the Great yorthera Sea hut the one-rfrer ¦ rose ciar 5 * j "ranksand islets'he occupied , and exposed 2 the arsression of a redoudable enemy , in Whose grrternVit would-be necessary to complete "his siafrtjHns . ^ ihere was a Ijolrlsesa in the conception -fcith ? Jccess has justified , -T / hen , a few years after he afl srjae his triumphal entry into the new capital flarhtad-Tisen np from the -morass—palaces
and-Ewel-3 j ! 5 stan = c sprung np where-only the bull-rush-rased ti ' heai and the acclammarions of a vast population jreefitehun on tbe spot where only the cry of thesearawanfrths roice ofthe martc-fros , fell formerly-upon ns ear—history tells us that it was on the occasion of a atal -riftoTV , obtained over the Swedes , with the -very ; .-rtofwnicha fe ^ r years before he only comtemplated ie constrccrioa . Towardsrtbe accomplishment-of this leasn he cad neither a sfe . fie artizan to construct , a sitor ro-a-. au , or a port to'hsrbour the ships , which were aiji-trws in the forest , \ 7 htn we remember these ihinjs . « -emust confess that the annals of the past offer jopsraEel to the boldness ofthe idea , or the sucees of its eicemc n , except in the solitary instance of theTise of the SoKan naval power , in thefsce of the Carthagenian
sujrema ^ . peter rendered his fleet- ' cccidedly superior to that ef-SffCdcn , and , from his contests with-it , he may tase tbe measure of the ncval power which he had the merit of thus sudden ! / calling into - ^ astence ^ SB *—¦ E ar from keeping the promise of its early-and auspidoas tears , the infancy of the Russian navy-proved the aoa VrUBant period of its existence . Since-tbe days of Paer ithas never shewn itself so formidable : ts under his KinaiEJ- and in recent litres it has so far degenerated
• undone of the very worst in Europe . Although it cra-iiti of fifty sail of the line , and though -these have frstkaeand armed men tc- ^ rork them , if it-were-neces-{ in 10 held two-thuds ofthe number in commission , so au \ l would be the proportion of even tolerable seamen tcboird each ship , that they wonld be about as ill-malagedas the Chinese war-juazs . Independently of this , tiro-ibir ^ s of the vessels constructed in the Baltic -are too rotten to put to sea . Bat , eren if this were remedied , -th-e Srfiorasj oi proper crews cannot be so .
InthevearlSSS . the entire navy ofthe Suesian empire consisted of SHIPS OF TBE LIKE . i -hips of 309 guns and upwards ; and 2 upon the stock ... 7 Iffromtfto 109 guns ; 5 upon the stock . „ " 23 Mfrom - 70 to-CO ... „ . ... ... -20
FHCATEC . ^ offiufims ... ... ... ... . „ 4 Sfrom 35 to- "SO ; 1 upon the stocks ... . „ € > 1 046 rTK ? els , corvettes , brigs , and schooners - -40 Teal 115 ressels , amounting upwards of 7 , 500 guns . TbiMilors of the Baltic fleet ivere reckoned at 3 Qj £ 00 asn ; the sailors of the Black Sea at 19 , 800 , making a sal number . of . 59 ., 000 . The fleets are distributed mceh isiierdative proportion of sailors , between the southern tsc-uonhern waters , excepting that in theBlack Sea thsg bvealsrger number of small craft .
BUSSIAX SEAMES . It-ihewholeof the Baltic there is , therefore , no sodi S % i £ o « B as : 2 Russian sailor seining on board a merdiBSaan ; the crews ot the few vessels engaged in com-SHits-Ddng composed exclusively of Finns , Germans , I'ans , mi Swedes . It is true there as a law which obliges way ressel sailing tinder Kussian colours to have a insLs captain . iBut , whether the -ship belong to a Ba ? aia . or , as is generally the case , to a foreign owner , apasaEi . ufco does not , perhaps , know the head from liesrertof t ^ e ship .-fc engaged as nominal captain , re-Wltiag tes salary of thirty shillings a anonth ; and as swnas & e vessel . goes out of port , he is sent down to UMp intir £ ore . cab ; a _ resigning the command to a Fine sr a foragctr , to whom he very often acts as cook .
^ k sailors for the 'Etssian navy are , ( therefore , retnattdia the same manner as the soldiers ibr the army , Ssfflithe d » K of agricultural peasants . Obliged in the Salfic , hy u , e jg ^ rema ; E utterly inactive -for half the Jfitr , andln ste Black Sea fcr seieralmonths , oh acconnt ? f Periodical storminess , they are destjRed to act . * f ^ ors sad half as soldiers , and perfectly military a tieir < ffganizs £ oD , habits asd uniform , are disciplined * t-tusi of the amsket and the infantry erclutions , f * * ^ e same manner as © sr own marines . Tbey are " * w mto eqnipj . es , which -refresent regiments-er batiJons , and into companies . They are dressed ia stiff ^ T coa ts , or great coats , very tight at the collar and * ™ . and seaman-like costume is completed by hoots , ^' y glossy leather chako , which may serve ae a -- Mtiet , of uhich it has much the appearance . the
w iXj . 000 sailors employed in the navy , 30 . 000 are ^ UDned on « he Baltic , and i'O . 008 on the Black Sea . ^ ° f the Baltic fleets , c mposed principally of the HbJf 5 " 1145 ' 31635 , niseral , le I" appearance as they are H *™ - - Generally at sea only a small portion of the * tQOnuis during which the navigation is open , the - ^ s-nnaber of tiieia never thoroughly get over their ~^«« ess ; and , on account ofthe expense of sending J ^ onauy foreign station—where the pay increases ^ Me than treble , besides the merciless plundering of J' ^ ' * , —they are kept cruising in the braekish water *¦ ^ aVi of Finland , between Cronstadt and Itevel , ^ ethty can ne ver , on a clear jay , lose sight of Und . « ae or moderate weather , considering all the dieadran-S < s under sluca tfiey labour , they manage to work their jj * ^^ tably ; because , with all their ignorance and ' hardness , ttjict order is preserved . As soon as rough the
^ "Tcoaies on . officers , losing all confidence , re-? J It command ofthe ship to a few ., f the older sailors * frt ; for th ^ little knowledge that is possessed by a ^• S tOmpinc , is asuslly to be foand amongst its crew ; , Ranging tbe etern brutality of their manners for y . ^^ oility , they loose the rein to all discipline , ^ fl ^ " totalk atd advise together , who are not s ^ 5 fte Mlrfu 5 Um of tbeir stomachs , to bold their 'i « rf J , Vant ° f dexKrit J in manojvring a ship , the Msutmce when fighting her , and the want of active 55 j— _ _ o" —" e . " ^ -, ««« uic ndui vi acute
. 'iifc , Jt , A 3 n encuJ - ' vessel , or to repel the attack ktnkT ***' C 0 U 5 tituTe a 11 Uie evils requisite to easure S 4 ft V ^ a vesMl by one of far inferior size ; yet th ese ^ be « 1- Bu 5 <* every Itiraian ship in tbe Baltic fleet ^ snt jettoathe day of trial , with : the exception of ^ 4 * h - 0 rt , r 0 ' , hecre , v's of which area collection of > ^ cho icest seamen and officers , chosen whenever a ^ ^ ° f- * ar is sent abroad . ^ . -e . llwe had the opportunity of closely exa-^ 8 ossiim vessels on a foreign station , seldom imbibe j ^^ Jtt alted ideas of tlielr afficiency ^ bat they aie « 45 ^" nco « tious of tbe fact , that it is tbe very pick ^ iiaif r ? ua , J wbich is ostentatiously selected to gir « ^ ofth * - faTOnra , ) le an idea as P ° ssil ) le ° f & e con-* * swerl ^ flett 8 ' Khen & eS h * VI : b 6 en , ed to EcratiBU , e
> J « i lhwf n wh ; ch P reTaib in * Iie anDT t a « d ^ Soffl , common throughout all the departed ai State , Bof <» or » emulated in the navy . ¦ iieshe r " - ; . ' a 11 tte Russian dominions , iur-^« hb t ? °° d sallors * » but they are far from l * : fte p ? tw * anding the -va ^ t extent of her i ^ Russ lnnis k sa ^ i moreover , are very averse JrE OarK " avaJ serTice - 0 « r author sums op 5 P 0 irprf ^* - tllat the B-nssiaa navy ha * proved V ««« Sn the nand « of «« diplomatists thatf 5 s atH- Il ' done in those ofheradmiralB . He * ar wjth Fni Eerions belief tliat in the event of cp s « Bd , the Russian navy would not offer
.. Audlwill War . Atleastinwerds, ,A „A-...
more effectual resistance to any thing like an eqna British force than the Chinese jnnks nave done . The four last chapters of this work are devoted to sketch of the Russian conqUeBt 8 j n Finland , Cirrassia and Georg ia . As regards Finland , our author satisfactorily shows that in the evrnt of a irar between Russia and Great Britain , the Finnish roVn ' ation would we to a man against Russia . The picture of the Circassian heroes ( chiefly sketched fr om the accounts of Russian r . fficers encased ia the Caucasian campaign , ) will excite heart-thrilling interest . At some future time we hope to avail ourselves of at least some portion of our author ' s account of the noble and valiant mountaineers .
Wc have now gone through this worh , and have shown fK-m these Revelations thereal nature of that atrocious despotism which dominates over onetwelvth ofthe human race . On the one hand , that despotism is strong and mighty , because based upon a blindly submissive peasantry , numbering more millions than the entire population of France- This peasantry forms the > -nfa \ l \ ng raw ma ' erial for the immense armies of the Tsar . The steadiness and slavish suhmission of these troops , compensates in a great measure for the want of « hat fiery courage and chivalric darins . which characterised more tit -n one ofthe races , who now own , orjare forced to . pay allegiairce to the Autocrat . The Russian d espotism also commands the services t > f the Cossack tribes , , perhaps , nationallv considered , the best horse-men icxcepting
the'Circassians ) in the world . Strong too is tbe Rnssian despotism in its diplomacy , and no means of intimidation asid corruption are lefe untried by its innumerable agents to promote the ever-grasping policv of the Muscovite Court . If the real was at all equal to the apparent strength wielded by tins detested power , it would he past doubt that the hour of universal submission to Russia , or of a deathstrusele between her on the one hand , and the progressive nations on theother , could not be far distant . Fortunately , however , for maniiind , Russia is not that omnipotent power , she would tain make the nations believe she is . If the peasantry of Russia are a multitude of-submissive slaves , incapable of an effort xm their tj « n part to attempt their own deliverance , the facts of history attest that it "would be comparatively eisv . to excite this hitherto " inert mass in the name of freedom agai » st their masters . Moreover , though stearr . in the battle-field , and therefore , formidable
as long as their masses are unbroken , they nre natural ! - averse to war , anflTfOu i & prefer pment-any pncetoallthe " glories" vrfrcore than Roman'Contjngsts . The Cossacks indeed are of an opposite character , and thev crmstfttfte the real military Strength df the Russian " Government . But hetweenthem-and the Polish , people arc the Rnthenisns . —closely related to both , largely imbued with "' Polish ideas , " and acting as -conductors of the " " virus df free principles , to both TJossacks and Slfas p ' rfyites . We Tiave shown from'these « ' Revelations ' thexorrnptionofall classes of Russian officials from the War Minister down to lihe petty officer , from ; tne Civil " Minister doTVn to tbe humblest police officer , and thiscorruption'edttstltutes one ofthe prime-elements of weakness in the Russian system . The state of the Russian nav-y revealed in'the extracts given above , shows-how impotent is tfeatseemingly formidable arm of the'Russian power .
The fact is . 'Russia is only puwerfal because the nations believe ' hc-rto be so . Althoush she has e % fected-muchmisciiief by force , she has diVcted much more bv frand . stnd she invariably precedes force "by the emplovmrnt-nf trickery snd corruption . Still by these STts she is "becoming-Stronger , and although as yet "formidable only in "Asia and "Eastern and r « orthern Europe , "the day may come , unless her career is arrested hy tbe united arm df -Ensland and France , when-shewill excite equal terror in'fiie West . We are persnaded thafflie warforliberty wdll-not
alwavsbe eorffined to the mountainous regions * of the Caucasus . The next Scropean cenvulsion will ron'e Poland once more "to the -combat ; nor is this all , * he-too : long delayed "blow from thelNortlnvillbe struck tit the very head-o * " the Kussian empire . The Swedes , the Danes , andthe Norweg ians united'by a commoa feelimi of self preservation , wiH'forget pa « t enmities "to deal on "their real-enemy the blow which must he-struck , if they would save themselves from the fate Ofthe Pole * . On this subject we -quote a portion of our author ' s remarks ::
—The great bulk of the nation , ' } however , who long ardently for a constitutional form of government , and who are as well fitted ibr it as any people in 'Europe , have within the last-few years become fully sensible of the folly of that family-feud which has divided the Scandinavian nations , and of "the hatred -fostered -by-centuries of rivalry hetween "the -Swedes and Danes , people whose erigin is the same , -and whose -very language = is -se similar that they can tnore easily -enderstand each-other than a-north of-England man-canundeKtand one from the southern-counties . 3 oth the Danish and Swedish nationsibegin to perceive
the mutual henefit -of a union -of ^ hese-countnes , which , Norway-being-included in the . coalition , would thus unite the whole of the Scandinavian people , constituting at powerful state tVhich-might assume an independent position in Europe . A few years ago , whendrest-fhis arrangement was suggested , it was Iodked upon as-chimerical * y the m ^ ortty-of those-nrho ^ first -h < ar < l-of it , and was-only whispered about as men whisper thing-of treasonable import , by those who-canvassed the-subject . T 5 ie prejudice and antipathy esristing between tSie two people alone appeared an insupwable bar to tbe furtherance of their mitionaHirierests in = rl « manner . A Swede-could hardly walk in-the streets of Copenhagen , or a D * ne in those of a Swedi * town , without beingliablelo insult . But with an unpiecedented Tapidity , this deepiy-cankling hatred has beemeirted » p , atidso marked isthe renulsion of feeling which has taken place , that 4 fce Swede in Denmark and ' the Bane in Sweden , is received with eaarks of popularity .
The Scandinavian tmion is not only confidently talked of , but publicly alluded io , even under the absolute , though mild geverEmentof D . amark . The closo intercourse of the two countries has been chiefly fostered by lhe universities , and within the last two years their members have visited each-other , as many as ahundred crossing the sea from one single university to visit another . At these meetings the union of Sweden , Denmark , and Korway , has been publicly given cs a toast , a scene which has been renewec only a few months-since . In Sweden , unpopular as the late king was , there
existed no general wish to overturn his dynasty among the great majority , bat there is every tendency to curtail the flower to the measure of that which it enjoys in Norway ! and in the event of the union of the three states , it is almost inevitable that such semi-republican form of go-• semment will be adopted . The prospect of reigning over t & e whole Scandinauian people , on these conditions , was not-therefore so enticing for Sernadotte , who , once violent as an ultra-republican , as his former speeches shew him-to have been , had become as monarch imperious in his endeavours to maintain his royal prerogative *
It is universally expected that the death of the King of Denmark will , under these circumstances , be the signal for important changes , which may eventually terminate in the foundation of another European power in the Scaudmaviafi confederation . Much must naturally depend on the light in which this is viewed by England , which , it is hoped , tco powerful to be jealous , if her real interests are not misunderstood , will see with satisfaction a combination whicl ^ must prove a fatal check to Russian ambition iu the north of Europe . If the people of England only see this question in the right light they may eomnel the government to see with thera . Here is the question : In the next European straggle will the English people ally
themselves with the people of France , Poland , Hungary , Sweden , Denmark , Norway & c „ or with the Russian autocrat and his tributary satraps who by force and fraud , craft and murder , keep the natijnsin bondage and misery ? The question is all important . If we take the side of the tyrants as we did before , woe to us ' If , on the other hand , tve side with the nations , centuries of hatreds and wrongs will be forgiven and forgotten , and England may become , with France , the Protector ofthe Human Race . Let the people of England , the freest branch of the European family determined to be yet more free—let them declare in good time their voice and will for the side of progress , and against theside of tyranny .
In conclusion we have to thank the author of thig work * for the invaluable service he has rendered to the cause of humanity by the publication ot these Rcvelatiotu . We earnestly recommend this work to our readers , believing as we do , that the wide-spread diffusion of its contents will be productive ofthe utmost benefit to the Polish cause specially , and will advance the true interests of mankind generally .
1 Denmark. * Revelations Of Russia, By A...
1 Denmark . * Revelations of Russia , by an English Resident . In Two Volumes . London : II . Colburn , Great Marlborough Street .
Fiutebsitt On Nations, T- The Constitutionnel
Fiutebsitt on Nations , t- The Constitutionnel
Says:- "We Have Received Accounts From H...
says :- "We have received accounts from Hamburg ofthe 21 st The anniversary of the brittle of Leipsig , which iscelebrated every year , ( Oct . 18 th ) served on this occasion for a manifestation in favour of Holbein and against the retrogade tendency of some of the governments . More than 800 persons were assembled in a riding school , magnificently decorated , as there was no room large enough in Hamburg . Several toasts win proposed to the union of nation * , the internal progress and independence of Germany , to Sehleswig-IIolstein , and the liberty of the press and of commerce . But the toast most enthusiastically received was that to England and France , as the mostardentand enlightened champions of liberty . This toast was followed by the' Marseillaise . ' j
Noble Conduct op the Pope . — A letter from Rome , states that about a fortni ght ago , a wan was arrested there whilst distributing clmdestinely a pamphlet , entitle ! ' * History of Pius IX ., the enemy of religion , and chief of youug Italy . " When the Pope heard ofthe arrest , he ordered the ma : i to be brought before him . After interrogating the offender in a kind manner , the Pope said , "As your fault only affect-s myself , I pardon you . " The man , deeply affected , fell at the feet of the Pope , and offered to reveal the names of the authors ot the pamphlet , but the Pope refused to hear it , and said , " Let their fault be buried in silence , and may repentance touch their hearts , "
Colonial Anu .Jftofatt Intehigeuce*
Colonial anU . jftofatt inteHigeuce *
India And China. The Bombay Mails Of The...
INDIA AND CHINA . The Bombay mails of the 15 th of September , received on Monday by ordinary express , state that India wai then completely tranquil . The Governor-General and Lord Gough continued at Simla , whence it was said that they would proceed on a tour of inspection . The new conquests , called the Jullender Doab , ( or p lains between two rivers ) , were described as fertile and healthful , and the inhabitants satisfied with their new rulers . The Naiimor Chief of Moultanhail made terms with
, , the Lahore Government by paying a large sum of monev , and by admitting the Lahore police into his fortress . Gholab Singh has been engaged in regulating his troops , which are restricted to the number stipulated by the treaty . Some disturbances had broken out in Cashmere , from the heavy exactions of the new Government , but they were soon suppressed . A report , which turned out to be _ unfounded , was circulated by the Delhi Gazette , of the murder of Lull Singh , the Wureer , and great anticipations were formed of immediate confusion .
There is nothing new from Scinde , the country is generally tranquil , but the people still continue to suffer severely from fcarcity . Cholera had again made its appearance in Lower Scinde , but in an infinitely lig hter form . An affair had taken place at Moulmein which is likely to cause much discussion . The editor of a paper , called the Moulmein Chronicle , had by his strictures on the authorities there become peculiarly obnoxious , and some of the provisions of the Calcutta law regulating the press were app lied to his case ; he was summoned to the court , fined , sentenced to | be imprisoned fur two years , and his printing establishment wasshut . Captain purand , the Commissioner of the Tenasserim provinces , to whoTi these harsh measures were attributed , had raised a nest of hornets around his ears , and tbe press of India was loud in denouncing Iris arbitrary and tyrannous < cmfluct .
Intelligerrce from "China comes down to the 25 th of July , but it is not very important . Anather serious affray hat ! occurred at Canton , between the Chinese and residents , tn which some ofthe'Former lost their lives . The a'ftarr , however , % y the prompt assistance rendere 3 hy the authorities , and especially by the Danish Teasels in harbour , wassoon put down . All the British troops have now been withdrawn from Chusan , and tire island been given -over in terras of the treaty .
FRANCE . AWFUL iftLOODS . —GTiEAT XOSS OF LIFE
AND FROPEMT . flur Paris intelligence has brought us most 'disastrous auft melancholy accounts of the consequences ^ a flood -which had occurred in the Loire , the watersdfTvhich had-audderilyfisen to a height 'ex'ceeding anything known for" » 'century back . An er 'traorilinary fall of rain , -Which continued 'for two davs incessantly , produced ! this effect . The Loire and its < tributarWbave'been equally the theatres-of lljis'p'henomenon , and have produced inundations , unknown within the department of LaiLoire , A / lier , Lnir-et-Cher , anS 'Of 'the Loiret . At Moulins the whole population were up during the night 'of the ISth-Kssisting'bytorclfli g httbe unfortunates vfoose dwellings were-submerged t ; notwithstanding the
ae"tivifcy ofthe people , the devotion Ofthe authorities , and the aid of'themilitary , it was physically impos-• sibla to assist all . Numerous boats loaded with gcods wereerrtirely lost : ; bales of goods , hogsheads of Tvine and brandy , timber and merchandize of every description , ffioated in-every direction . The "bridges 'ofTiehy , Chazeuil . La 'Palisse , ' Dompierre , Digoin , and others , have been-swept away . In the department of La Loire , 'the bridges ofSi . Justand Andre-^ zieux , and Balbigny , have been carried away . At 'Etoanne thedigne -has-been broken , and the river has resumed its ancient bed , deserting the bridge . The Hotel de 'Flandre , and all in it , the post-house , and a great-number of otlher houses , have disappeared . At Annrorieux the village hasheen entirely carried
away ! -scarce a trace of the railway isleft ; the suspension "bridge is gone , tbe barracks a heap of ruins ^ ¦ us the sudden rise -of the waters took place during the night , several persons have perished- At Saint Paul Cornillon , alittle village has been 'entirely destroyed - ; at Roanne , from forty to -fifty houses are entirely submerged . The mail posts 'trom Paris to Mareielles have been-stopped . Houses were so suddenly invaded bythe waters that the families could only take refuge upen the roofe . At midnight a second Tush of the waters took p lace . Between Feurs and Boen , the diKgence of Lafitte was suddenly surrounded by the overflowing of the L'gnon , and was stopped . The waters quickly gathered round it , three or four persons have perished , the conducteurand postillion fell a sacrifice to their incredible efforts to save a lady who was an inside passenger . Other passengers , more fortanate , saved themselves by swimming . One of them had the
presence « f mind to cut the traces of one of the horses , on which he mounted to effect his -escape . The horseafter swimming for a considerable time sank t « rise bo more , the passenger however saved himself by swimming . The town of Nevers , at the confluence of the Nievre and the Loire , saw suddenly the mass of waters of both rivers rushing down with terrible fury- At Blois the streets are under water to a depth of seven feet . The waters having broken across the road of St . Gervais , have resumed the ancient bed of the river , which at present forms the rich valley of Chailles and Canoe , over this region ferry boats are employed transporting in every direction the inhabitants who have taken refuge in the upper stories of the houses . At night all places sup . posed to be liable to inundations are illuminated by torches , and extraordinary lamps have been erected . The mayor and his assistants , the commissary and agents of police , have sat during the night at the mayory , ready to supply help when required .
Such are a f evr of the details which first arrived at Paris , they are however nothing in comparison to the disasters which have been spread over the department of the Loiret . At Orleans the Loire in twenty-four hours rose sixteen feet : a sudden fall then took place . The reduction amounted to twenty inches in two hours , and continued during the night of the twentieth . This abatement produced a new disaster ; the embankments cracked , and at one place were carried away to an extent of sixteen feet . A horrible noise like an explosion was heard upon the quays of Orleans ; it was the railway viaduct of Viarzon , which the violence of the torrent had burst . The levee near St . Pre has been carried away through a length of about thirty-five yards , and immediately the Loire
assumed the appearance , not of a river , but of a sea ! As far as the t ye could see , there was only a horizon of waters . All the communes of the Val are literall y submerged . Some houses are inundated to the depth of twenty feet ; others are totally submerged . Help is cried for everywhere , but difficult to be afforded . How can boats be directed through gardens intersected by hedges ? besides , the numbers of boats avail tble are utterly insufficient . Boatmen cannot be obtained , and the danger is as great to those who offer , as to those who receive assistance . Unfortunates who took refuge in the upper chambers of the houses arc taken out by means of rope ladders . Several of the houses in Orleans . have fallen by the pressure of the waters . The conservatories are all destroyed . In the country , the unfortunate inhabitants are insulated , some on the roofs of their
houses , others in barns , some among the branches of trees . Meanwhile , food fails ; the bakers cannot make bread ; desolation is universal . On the afternoon of the 20 th the tocsin was sounded in all the communes of the Val , and in the night the common cry was , " sauve qui peut . " Here and there upon the quays , and in the city , peasants were seen driving beasts before them , which they had saved from thi river ; whole families were nearly naked , stripped of all resources , and barely able to save tljemselves from the fury of the waters . The infants and the aged were without shelter or help . The disaster meantime spreads ; the Loire again increases . At Orleans all business is suspended ; the custom-bouse-, the exchange , the tribunal ot commerce—all are shut . It is impossible to estimate the enormous amount ofthe loss . It is a national disaster .
Further repoits ofthe inundations reached Paris in the course of the afternoon of Saturday . New disasters are announced from Orleans , The routo from Tours is entire ^ intercepted by the inundation . The couriers from Tours , Angers and Nantes have ceased to arrive at Orleans . The number of houses destroyed in the city of Roanne is one hundred and fifteen . Of four hundred boats loaded with merchandise , which were moored on the quays , two hundred and seventy are totally lost . The property thus destroyed is estimated at a
million of francs at least . The town of Bolligny is entirely devastated . A considerable portion of the villages Poully and Rougy is destroyed , and if appears that several persons in them have been lost . The barrack of gendarmes at Andresieux having been destroyed , the men with their wives and ehil dren took refuge upon tho roof of the stables . Notwithstanding the screams of distress which they uttered , it was not until the next day at noon that four boatmen determined , in spite of the tears and supplications of their families , to risk their lives to save these unfortunates .
The following particulars are selected from the reports brought from the department of fhe Nievc : — Never within the memory of man have the waters ofthe Loire bo risen . The niver began , to overflow Its banks on the l 9 t . li ; but ho one expected the prodigious inundation by which suddenly the country was submerged , on the night batween the ei ghteenth aud nineteenth . It was at three in the morning like a tide rising at the rate of four feet an hour . Tbo river suddenly invaded the lower pant of the town of Nevers , after having covered with its foaming waves the entire valley round it . A great number of inhabitants , threatened in their beds , bad scarcely time to fly and give the alarm . At the break of day the whole population was up , listening with terror to the naring of the waters , which continually increased around them . What a spectacle ot horror !
India And China. The Bombay Mails Of The...
TheLoire and Nieve , mingling their waters , formed an immense lake , under which the faubourgs of Mouesse , Nievre , and Loire nearly disappeared . Here there appeared floating on the water timber and furniture , beasts carried away from their pasturages , and every sort of debris , evidence of the most cruel disaster . Fire-arm | discharged as signals of distress and the screams of miserable creature ' s canned to their dwellings by the surrounding waters , were everywhere heard . Two steamboats proved of inestimable service . Throughout the day these sailed from house to house , taking on board the wretched inhabitants , a considerable number of whom bad lost their reason by despair and terror . All Sunday , the most deplorable accounts were
every moment arriving in Paris ofthe effects of the floods in all parts , more particularly in tlie southern departments of France . The L ire had committed dreadful ravages between the plain of Aurec , Andrezieux , and Roanne . The St , Etienne railway bad been partly destroyed at Andrezieux . All the boats , laden with merchandize , to the amountof 1 , 000 , 0001 ' ., lying in the canal of Digoin , had been sunk , and l . OOOhhd . of brand y , each worth 8001 ' ., and l . fiOO casks of wine were lost . At Pouilly , 1 , 700 pieces ( hogsheads ) of wine ofthe country and of Beanjolais , had been carried away by the floods . The swell in tha Loire began to be felt at Nantes on theSlst , but the authorities had <« utioned the inhabitants residing along its banks sgainst its consequences , and no accident had as vet occurred . Tho Alli <> r and tho
Loi ' C , at their junction , ' became an immense sea . 1 , 400 labourers , engaged in tlie construction of the railroad , wvmld fove inevitably perished , had not provisions been sent to them by a steam-boat , which took the poor men on board and brought them to a place of safety . In the Val of Orleans 10 districts * ere entirely laid waste ; 80 boats and 250 boatmen had arrived at Orleans from Paris , and were employed in carrying provisions and relief to the inhabitants of the inundated country . Near Amboise tie Loire had burst the great bank by
which its course is partially restrained , and flowing with irresistible force thronga the opening thus made , had made an immense breach in the Orleans and Bordeaux Railway , which is there carried along an embankment . About four kilometres of this embnnkment are said to be entirely ' washed away , and 'the line for some miles , althoug h * it would nut have keen materially injured by an ordinary inundation , is supposed to have received so much damage that some months must elapse before it -can be again opened for tra'ffic .
On the night of Saturday , in particular , a frightful 'hurricane manifested itself at Valence , accompanied by thunder and lightning . The rain resembled more that ol the tropics than what is seen in Europe . The ^ strangeness ofthe phenomenon filled with terror not enly the humsn race , bat the inferior animals ; vast ¦ numbers of birds Of every species flew for shelter from the surronndrngcountry to the town . Flocks of thrashes , widgeons , and ducks , were seen and heard in the streets . aid gardens of the town ; some of them , attracted by the li « ht , took refuge in the cafes , others descended the chimnics . On the same night , a phenomenon most estvaordinMr ** , though not absolutely unprecedented , took place at Grenoble . < 5 n Saturday morning the thermometer fell
suddenly above thwteen degrees , and the barometer fell to the point marked storm . The firmament was loaded with a brown , thick , dusty-looking vapour , which produced almost complete darkness . The heavens retained this appearance without rain until fhe evening , accompanied by an oppressive heat and gusts-ofa southern wind , like the Italian sirocco at 11 at night , preceded by loud claps of thunder and terrific flashes of lightning , tlie rain began to pour and-speedily assumed a voilence as though it menaced a deluge . The streets were filled with tiles , slates , and the debris of chinraies blown down by | the force of the wind . Flocks of birds invaded the
houses , entering through doors and windows . The same storm was manifested on the same day at distant points , in the departments of La DrOme and IsSre , and was accompanied by an extraordinary phenomenon , which the witness callshowers of blood . The rain which fell left upon the clothing , the umbrellas , the leaves of trees , panes of glass , dec , reddish spots resembling blood . A bucket of this liquid was saved , and forwarded for analysis to a chemist at Lyons . An apothecary at Bourgoin is said to have examined the spats found on the leaves of plants , and found that it was composed of iron , silex , alumina , and carbonic acid .
Subscriptions had been opened in the offices of the Paris journals in favor of the sufferers by the floods . The Orleans Railroad Company had subscribed SO OOOf ., the Journal des Debats 500 f . ; ; but it is due to our facetious contemporary , the Charivari , to state , that it took on Saturday the initiative in this work of benevolence . The Pr < esse announces that the Minister of Commerce had received the reports on the crops whicli he had demanded from the prefects . - " Those reports , " it says , — Mention that the wheat crop wae in amount one-fifth inferior to that of ordinary years , but that the excellent quality-of the grain reduced the deficit to one-tenth . France consumes 60 , 090 , 000 hectolitres of wheat annually ; she consequently only requires 6 . 080 , 000 hectolitres to supply the deficiency , or a month's consumption .
We have more than once referred , but with extreme regret , to the sufferings of trade and of the population of Paris , and we lament to find our informatioa more than corroborated by the papers before us . '' Bankruptcies " says the Reforme , — Are of daily occurrence in Paris—petty merchants continue to shut up their shops , the pawnbrokers' offices are besieged with applicants , the savings-banks will soon be euipty , the hospitals are crowded , 115 , 000 indigent depend upon puhlic charity in Paris , the prisons are full , and the winter will throw about 100 , 000 workmen out of employment—our prospects are indeed very sad .
The Paris papers of Monday contains further accounts of the destruction created by the inundation ofthe Loire , and other rivers in the middle and south of France . The quantity of property destroyed is immense , and the loss of life is supposee to be greater than the authorities choose to admit .. It was feared that the steamers on tbe Saone , which since the inundations had been the only means of communication for a portion of the country , would be suspended as the river had already reached an alarming height . It was reported at Lyons that nearly half the town of Briare had been destroyed .
SPAIN . The Gaccta . of the 18 th contains the amnesty to political ' offenders the promulgation of which , on the same day , we have announced . It is prreeded by a report to the Queen , signed by her Ministers , dated the 17 th of October . The amnesty is stated to be issued on the occasion of her Majesty ' s marriage , " which has given such pure delight to the whole nation , and afforded fresh guarantees of order , stability , and consolidation to the whole internal peace of the monarchy . " The royal decree , vouchsafing * the amnesty , is signed by M . Isturitz , aud consists of seven articles . This vaunted act of generous clemency is a cruel insult and wanton mockery . Under the pompous language in which the Spanish ministry glories itself for this measure of clemency is concealed only a decree of continued incarceration and persecution against the victims of a long succession of struggles for liberty .
PORTUGAL . ANTI-ABSOLUTIST INSURRECTION . TheEspectador ( Madrid paper ) of the 12 ch has the following : — News has been received today that Oporto also pronounced , and tho Duke de Terceira , who had been sent as Lord Lieutenant to the provinces of the north , was mnde prisoner . It is also said that in Oporto itself a Junta has been funned , with the title of "Provisional Regency , " under the Presidency of the Gonde das Antas . If this be correct ( as wa are assured ) , Braga and other points will hare risen , in the same manner as other towns and cities , such as Setubal and Cintra have done . As to Coimbra and Brora , the news is positive , and is known officially .
The Constitutiond states , that the reported arrest ofthe Duke of Terceira has been confirmed . The Count Das Antas who commanded at Oporto , having been apprised of what was in contemplation , and summoned to Lisbon under pretence of suppressing a movement there , refused to obey , and when the Duke ef Terceira disembarked , intending to take command of the provinces of the north , the Count had him arrested and immediatel y conducted to prison . A provisional junta it is said was named , thoforfoiterre of the Queen pronounced , and her ! son Don Pedro proclaimed kin <; with a council of regency . Coinibra , Evora , and Braga , adopted it is said , the rame course , which seemed likely to be followed by all the cities of the north .
PROGRESS OF THE INSURRECTION . The National says : — " Accounts from Portugal represent the Insurrection as making rapid progress . Coknbra and Braga have followed tho example of Oporto . The official journal of Lisbon ofthe 13 th publishes a decree betraying the embarrassment and apprehensions of the government . The officers and soldiers dismissed in 1842 , are recalled Into service . Those who comply are promised reward , and those who refuse threatened with bsing treated as deserters . " A letter from Lisbon ofthe 13 th says : — " The official account of the insurrection of Oporto is jusv arrived .
The Duke de Terceira has bceu arrested and confined ill the tower of the fort . The junta of Oporto has proclaimed Dom PedrojV ., and declared the Queen excluded from the throne . The Marquis de Louie , who married the Imanta Donna Anns , lias put himself at the head of the junta of Coimbra . The Count das Antas presides over that of Oporto , There lure been organised at Coimbra four battalions , which are to join with the forces of the province of Aveiro in mardhing upon the capital . All the steam-boats , belonging to private companies as well as to the state , have placed themselves at the disposal o * the junta of Oporto . "
SWITZERLAND . Accounts from Berne report that the authorities have succeeded in checking further disturbances ; from all P » rts of the Canton assistance has been offered to the Government . Twelve hundred armed
India And China. The Bombay Mails Of The...
vdrunteerafrom the surrounding country have been placed at its disposal , but the authorities had not seeen occasion to avail themselves of this force . The Courrier Francais says , "A person attached to the foreign office left Paris on Thursday for Vienna , charged to remit to M . deMettemich a plan of arrangement for the affairs of Switzerland , accordto bases already agreed on . "
REPORTED REVOLUTION IN BASLE . The intelligence which has been received from Switzerland removes all doubt of a movement at Basle similar to that which has taken piece at Geneva . On the evening of the 20 th , the leaders of the radical party assembled at an inn about half a league from the city , to concert means to overturn the existing government , and to insure the tniumph of their principles . Reports state that the result of their discussion was to overturn the existing government , to reduce the members of the lesser council from seventeen to ten , giving each an annuil salary of £ 200 ; to extend electoral rights ; to dissolve the defensive alliance of the seven cantons : and to oppose the establishment of the Jesuits in Switzerland , The Conservatives also held a meeting at the Hotel des Trois Rois , bat they seemed completely disorganised and paralysed . Letters from the frontiers of Switzerland , dated the 22 nd , mention that the
canton of Basle was in full revolt ; that the pavement of the streets had been torn up , that the great council had resigned , and that Bosle-villc and Basleeampagne would be formed into a single canton . At Bernd , tranquillity continued to the date of the latest accounts , ( 21 st . ) The concentration of the French troops on the Swiss frontier had attracted the attention of the authorities . The governments of the Cantons of Geneva and Vaud , were making military preparations ; that of Berne only waited the orders of the Vorort . Meanwhile the farther disbanding of troops was deferred ; there were under arms there two battalions of infantry , each 1 , 200 strong ; three companies of carabineers ; three spuadrons of cavalry ; and two batteries of artillery ; in all above 3 , 000 men . who had been reviewed on tbe Ulst by the director of military affairs , Colonel Och'Beubein .
ITALY . Letters from Italy , dated Bologna . 13 th inst ., bring reports of attempts made at Faenaa by the retrogade party , secretly excited , it is said , by Auitrian agents . On the 11 th , a partyof young people made an excursion from Faenza to a little provincial town in the neighbourhood , to celebrate the amnesty granted by his Holiness , by means of a fete . A party of brigands , of the bargo , assembled meanwhile on tbe road to intercept and attack them on their return . A party of chasseurs , however , happened to approach the city by the same route , who , being mistaken for the revellers , were fired upon by the brigands , and two of whom were wounded . The Governor of Faenza learning this , called out the
gendarmes , who , it was found , however , were shut up in the : r barracks by order of their commander , who was hitmelf nowhere to be found . The Swiss guards were then called out , who , aided by tbe inhabitants , attacked the brigands . The engagement lasted three hours , in which some were killed and many wounded on both sides . On the return of the party of young persens the prol frate of Ravenna ordered out two pieces of artillery , and caused the bargo to be occupied and put in a state of siege ; the brigades took refuge upon a mountain on the confines of Tuscany . This intelligence caused much agitation at Bologna , and through all Romagna . A general demand has been made to the government to replace the principal civil and military authorities by persons devoted to the Pope and to progress , and less likeli' to become instruments of Austria .
UNITED STATES AND MEXICO . SEIZURE AND ANNEXATION TO THE UNITED STATES OF NEW MEXICO AND CALIFORNIA . Tho Boston packet-ship , George Washington , arrived at Liverpool on Saturday , bringing the intelligence of the taking of Santa Fe . The Western Mail had brought intelligence to New York stating that on the 18 th of August , General Kearney entered Santa Fe . and having hoisted the United States flag
from the national palace , proclaimed New Mexico in possession ofthe United States army , which is said to have been hailed with shouts of applause by the Mexican people . He administered the oath of allegiance to the Alcades of small towns and officers of Santa Fe . He proclaimed himself Governor of New Mexico , and took quarters at the palace . Armijo , with 4 , 000 troops ) fled to Chihuahui , where report says strong resistance would be made by a large army . General Kearney was preparing to march to Chihuahua .
It seems that General Kearney ' s division took formal possession of Santa Fe on the 18 th of August , after a march of fifty miles through a difficult country , but without opposition . He had previously taken possession of the Mexican villages on his route . It was supposed he would soon despatch a force of 2000 men to California . The division under Gen . Taylor , on the Rio Grande , seems to encounter more difficulties . A battle was expected at Monte rey , where Gen . Taylor , with 7000 men , was expected to arrive about the 20 th of September . An advanced guard had encountered Mexican troops , and it is supposed that Monterey would be defended by a large force , well fortified , and commanded by Ampudia . By the arrival of the Great Western on Sunday , we have been put in possession of the
PROCLAMATION . To the inhabitants of New Mexico , by Brigadier General S . W . Kearney , commanding the troops of the United States in the same : — . As by the act of the Republic of Mexico , a state of war exists between that Government and the United States . and as the undersigned , at the head of his troops , on the 18 th inst ., took possession of Santa Fe , the capital ofthe department of New Mexico , he now announces his intention to hoM the department with its original boundaries ( on both sides of the Del Norte ) as part ofthe United States , and under the name and territory of New Mexico .
The undersigned has come to New Mexico with a strong military force , and an equally » trong one is following close in his rear . lie has more troops than necessary to put down any opposition that can possibly be brought against him , and therefore it would be but folly or madness for any dissatisfied or discontented persons to think of resisting him . The undersigned has instructions from his Government to respect the religious institutions of Sew Mexico , to protect the property of the Church , to cause the worship of those belonging to it to he undisturbed , and their religious rights in the amplest manner preserred to them .
Also , to protect the person and property of all quiet and peaceable inhabitants within its boundaries against their enemies , the Eutans , Navahoes , and others , and while he assures all that it will be his pleasure as well as his duty to comp ly with those instructions , he calls upon them to exert themselves in preserving order , in promoting concord , and in maintaining the authority and efficiency of the laws ; and to require of those who have left their homes and taken up arms against troops of the United States , to return forthwith to them , or else they will be considered us enemies and traitors , subjecting their persons to punishment , and their property to seizure and confiscation , for the benefit of the public Treasury .
It is the intention of the United States to provide for New Mexico a free government with the least possible delay , similar to those in the United States , and the people of New Mexico will then be called on to exercise the rights of freedom in electing their own representatives to the territorial legislature , but until this can be done the laws hitherto in existence will be continued until changed or modified by competent authority , and those persons holding office will continue in the same for the present , provided they will consider themselves good citizens and willing to take the oath of allegiance to the United States . The undersigned hereby absolves all persons residing within the boundary of New Mexico , from foreign allegiance to the Republic of Mexico ,, and hereby claims them as citizens of the United States . Those who remain quiet and peaceable will bo considered as good citizens , and receive protection .
Those who are found in arms , or instigating others , aqjainst the United States , will be considered as traitors , and treated accordingly . Don Manual Armijo , the late Governor of this department , has fled from it . The undersigned has taken possession of it without firing a gun or spilling a drop of blood , in which he most truly rejoices , and for the present will be considircil n Gorcr . nor of the territory . Given at Soma Fe , the capital of the territory of New-Mexico , this 22 nd day of August , 1840 , and in the seventy , first year of the independence of tho United States , ¦ : / - » jKt . ZZty tl ! e Governor , S . W . Kearney , Brig . Gen . Commander Sloat , on taking Monterey in Californio , had issued a proclamation , from which wc give the following extract : —
The Central Government of Mexico having commenced hostilities against the United States of America , by invading its territory , and attacking the troops of the United States , stationed at the north side of the Rie Grande , with a force of seven thousand men , under the command of General Arista , which army was totally destroyed , and all their artillery , baggage , itc , captured , on the 8 th and Oth of May last , by a force of two thousand three hundred men , under the command of General Taylor , and the city of Matamoras taken and occupied by the forces of the United States .
The two nations being actually at war by tliis transaction , I shall hoist the standard of the United States at Monterey immediately , nnu shall win'y throughout California .
I Declare To The Inhabitants Of Ouliiomi...
I declare to the inhabitants of Ouliiomiu , that although I come in arms , with a powerful force , I do not come among them as an enemy to California , but on the contrary , I come as their best friend , as henceforward California will boa portion of the United States , aud its peaceable inhabitants will enjoy the same rights and privileges as the citizens of any other portion of that nation , with all the rights and privileges they now enjoy ; together with the privilege of choosing their own magistrates , and other officers , for the administration of jus tice among themselves , and the same protection shall be
I Declare To The Inhabitants Of Ouliiomi...
extended to them as to any other State of the Union they will also enjoy a permanent Government , unde * which life , property , and the constitutional rights and lawful security to' worship tho Creator in a way most congenial to each one ' s sense of duty ,, will be secure ; which , unfortunately , the Central Government of Mexico cannot afford them , destroyed as her resources are by internal factions and corrupt officers who create coa . stant revolutions to promote their own interests , and oppress the people . Under the flasc of the United States , California will be ire * from all such troubles and expenses , consequently the country nhTrapidly advance and improve , both in agriculture and commerce , as of course the revenue laws will be the same in California as in all other parts of the United States , affording them all manufactures and produce of the United States , free from any duty , and all foreign goods at one quarter of the duty they now pay . -A great increase in the value of real estate , and tbe products of California , may reasonably be expected .
The executive at Washington weremahing strenuous exertions for pushing the war in Mexico both by sea and land . Orders had been forwarded to General Taylor , directing him , in case he had not anticipated the instructions , to hasten his advance , and take possession of Monterey with all possible expedition , and having fortifi . d the city , and left a sufficient garrison for the protection of hospitals , stores , & c , te march forward upon Saltillo , and to continue his progress onward till his advance was countermanded . He was instructed to levy his supplies upon the country , but to guard rigidly against the infliction of personal dignities on the inhabitants , and the unauthorised invasion of their private houses . We take the following from the New York Daily Globe of September the 25 th : —
ROBERT OWEN . The following from the pen of Robert Owen will be read with interest by every friend of humanity , no matter in what clime destiny may have given him birth . Mr . Owen is a man of enlarged mind , liberal principle * , and unbounded charity . His whole life has been one of patient and determined pevsevettnee in the pursuit of truth , aud when he believes he has discovered it , be avails himself of every opportunity to promulgate it in every part of the civilised world , regardless of expense and personal sacrifice . Thousands have received the benefit of his philanthropy , and may we not hope that in future agas millions will reap tbe reward of bis zea . lous and indefatigable labours in endeavouring to eradicate the evils of the social system ?
Disunion « nd Union—The Disadvantages ofthe former to all—The Advantages of the latter to all , and the necessity for the introduction of tbe principles which , will make Union universal for the permanent benefit of aU . Hitherto the principles which necessarily divide man from man , and nation from nation , have been applied to form the character of , and to govern , the human race , These are the principles of error and evil , which have produced ths laws of men , from which directly emanate hatred , discord , crimed violence , wars and massacres . These principles and practices ar » directly opposed to the peace , progress , well being , and happiness of man . kind .
The time has arrived , in the due order of nature , for these principles and practices of universal error and evil to be uprooted from their lowest foundations and for ever abandoned , as the greatest bane to society , and to the happiness of every individual . Disunion new destroys the peace of families and nations , but when the pritci . pies which create disunion shall be superseded by those which can alone create union , men will become conscious ofthe incalculable blessings which these principles will ' secure for their race . As the principles which create repulsion aud disunion , have created opposing religions , opinions and feelings ,
and now maintain different languages and contending interests , and have divided the race , into classes , seats , parties and nations , to the deep injury of all , of every class , sect , party and country , the principles which can alone create attraction and union will unite our race ' ultimately in one religion , one language , one class one party and one nation , in which a variety of opinions , seeking after new truths , will never ' produce anger , hatred , er opposing feelings , but will create one unchanging desire to promote cordially the happiness , not only of the human family , of every fellow-being , so far as it may be compatible with tbe well-being of man .
But the union of men and nations can never be attained under tho existing erroneous system ofthe world ; erroneous in principle and practice , through every department and ramification of society . Admitted that the United States government , the last formed , aided by all the experience of the past , is the least erroneous in principle ; yet its practices are little better than former governments ; and in some respects worse than the best of thera . The . prinofpfes , which are eternally true to the theory ofthe goverment of the United States , are "EQUAL
RIGHTS AND A JUST PRACTICAL EQUALITY AMONG ALL ITS CITIZENS ACCORDING TO THEIR AGE . " But in consequence of PRACTICE of this government being , in fact , based on the erroneous , laws of men instead of the wise laws , most , beneficent and uiu changing laws of God , equal rights and a ju « t practical equality according to age , are not to be found , or anything approaching to them in any one State of the Union . It is , however , most fortunate that the fundamental theory of the United States Government is so correctly true , and that the federative principle , although so imperfectly applied , has been adopted in practice . Potto , nately , because the theory of " Equal Rights , " and a just " Equality" with the principle of " Federation" perfectly applied to practice , will give to the present and all future generations , a new system of government that will ensure the well-doing , well-hein ^ , and happiness of all .
The perfect federative system will in practice , secure Equal Rights and a just equality for all . It can be made to take especial continued care , from birth to death , of each citizen , and cordiall y to unite in one interest and one attached brotherhood , the entire population of one hemisphere first , and afterwards , of tbe world . IJy union emanating directly from the laws of God , and producing in practise " equal rights and a just equality , " the population of this hemisphere may be , through the self-interest of each individual , as well as from tha highest motives of humanity , federatively
united , so as to insure its permanent peace , progressiva prosperity , terminate crime , reduce evil and human suffering almost to annihilation , and make all rational and as happy as limited life , when well educated , traimed , employed and placed , can be made to become . Nor need this state of felicity he long withheld , even from the millions ; all the materials exist in abundance , and the discovery has now been made , how to combine these materials in such a manner as permanently and cordially to unite the human race as one rational , well educrted family , each striving to ensure the happiness of the others . Robert Owen . Victoria packet-ship , Sept . 1 , 184 G .
Denmark.—Kiel"; Oct. 17.—M. Oeshausen, Who
Denmark . —Kiel" ; Oct . 17 . —M . Oeshausen , who
Has Been Liberated By The Danish Governm...
has been liberated by the Danish government , arrived at Kiel on the evening of the 17 th . The whole population streamed out to meet him at the railway terminus , and the town was brilliantly illuminated . Public tranquillity was not disturbed . Posen , Uct . 10 . —In consequence' of the late conspiracy ofthe . Polish nobility , the use ofthe language in the Roman Catholic Gymnasia of our province ig restricted . According to a Ministerial rescript which has been put in force since Michaelmas , the German language ia to be employed in teaching the Gymnasia of Irzemestanoand Ostfowua in the fourth classes , whereas formerly it commesced at the second .
Double Murder . —At Valenciennes , in the evening of the 20 th instant , tho inhabitants were alarmed by a double report of fire arms , and on going out to learn tbe cause they found M . Cossiaux , a baker , in a state of distraction pointing to the parlour behind the shop . On entering the neighbours found Madame Cossiaux and their journeyman , Louis Boquet , lying on the floor , each of their heads dreadfullywounded . Madame Cossiaux was quite dead , and Boquet expired in a few minutes afterwards . The account given by M . Coissaux was , that being at a
public house , his man came in and after drinking a glass together they went home to supper . Coissaux went down to the cellar to draw some beer . and when , he returned to the room he found the horrid spectacle . The only conjecture that has as yet been formed of the cause of this catastrophe is , that Madame Coissaux , who kept the accounts of the busi . noss , had discovered that Boquet , who was of very irregular habits , had been guilty of some peculiation , and threatened to inform his master , and in revenge the villain killed his mistress and then destroyed himself to prevent his public exposure and
punishment . A Rior , arising out of the high price of corn , took place last week at llennebon , near Lorient . The populace attempted to prevent the departure of two vessels laden with corn , and would probably have plundered them , but for the arrival of some troops . Several ofthe rioters were arrested . Robber y and Attempted Murder is Cheshire . Mr . Thomas M'Gill , a travelling draper , was shot in the head and then robbed of two £ 20 Bank of England notes , two £ 5 notes , £ 1 S in gold , and from £ 3 to £ i in silver , and a £ 10 Bank of England note , total £ 82 , by a man named John Wrightwhoafter
, , robbing him , attempted to drag him to a brook , no douhtwith the intention of drowning him , but was prevented from effecting his purpose bv some men , who were working in an adjoining field ' , near to the high l'Oad , at 'i ' abley , Cheshire . Wright is wellknown by Mr . M'Gill , having been formerly in the same business as a Scotch traveller . He met him near Tabley , and entered into conversation with him , and shertly after stopped until Mr . M'Gill passed on , when the report of a pistol was heard , and M'Gill fell . Wright thou rifled his pockets , but somp labourers coming from a field , he afterwards made off .
Mr . Boddington , jun ., of Verveirs , and several Belgian workmen , have left forlsmud in Turkey ; where they will lie employed in a large cloth manufactory which has been establishpd thoro , ^ | i * J .
-
-
Citation
-
Northern Star (1837-1852), Oct. 31, 1846, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_31101846/page/7/
-