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OPENING; OF PARLIAMENT. Notwithstanding ...
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Emigration.—The Edward, a new barque, re...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
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0 Tfle "Fforrmg Ctasses. *^ R This Day T...
0 TflE _"ffORRmG CtASSES . _*^ This day the " _showlwx" opens , and the prop hecies of the Times , with _refe-^ _fo the Queen ' s Speechj _, you -will jndge _[^ _-fou have to ex _^ _ecW- Of _OTurie those _^^ hecies were n _^ e afiier the substance was . " ¦ an * however , _^ m them yo _¥ _*« rill be able _^ ofyourprospeets . . ; x _V _,. - -the cholera is gone , after "having ravaged _\ nhc altiiy hovels of ihe neglected poor : _vLjjGod for that . We hare had peace with _* _Hthe world , because we are not able to go to ai - thank God for that . The surviving _,
_LshUthat is , those who have escaped the r _e producedby the plunder of the _rich—^ g nerer so loyal , and never entertained so , _^ p an affection for any Monarch , as they do lor qtjees Victoria : thank God for that your _flue" _*" * your muscles , and your marrow _jiaTC been coined to such an extent as to overgo * the Exchequer : thank God for that Tou * _ffiH be represented—just as 1 predictedas being the most prosperous , satisfied , and
loyal peop le upon the face of the earth *" : thank _goD for that AU nations are now about to _gxchange their produce freely for your prodice : thank God for that The ' Queen J ) OWAG " " "R has departed this life , and the _Jlinisters , who will have the command of her £ 100 , 000 a year , mil thank God for that ; although it was humanely and charitably expended hy a much better , distributor . The Colonies will be handed ove _*"* - to self-government atd they will thank GoD _|& _ithat . ?
But now , my friends , after deploring the death ofthe Queen Dowager ; after acknowled < nn < r and regretting those direful calamities which have so afflicted Ireland with famine , and Eng land with cholera ; after admitting the sad condition of Irish landlords and the landed interest generally—all ia most ludicrously wound up as follows , by the Times . The author says : — " ITS CONCLUDING PARAGRAPH "WILL
BAISE J 3 f ECHO JS EVERT LOYAL AND RELIGIOUS BREAST , BY ATTRIBUTING TO DIVINE PROVIDENCE OUR HAPPY EXEMPTION PROM WAR , REVOLUTION , AND THOSE OTHER DISORDERS "WITH WHICH TUE NATIONS OF THE EARTH FAR AND NEAR HAVE BEEN VISITED ; AND BY CONGRATULATING THE COUNTRY ON THE TRUE LIBERTY AND THE LARGE MEASURE OF SOLID HAPPINESS WHICH WE ENJOY _tJNDER THE CONSTITUTION WHICH HEAVEN AND OUR FATHERS HAVE COMMITTED TO OUR CARE . "
Now then , working men , what think you of such a wind-up as that ? What do you think of the "TRUE LIBERTY and SOLID HAPPINESS " that Heaven has given you ? But should not the Times have added that yonr fathers have taken away from you ? But mark , this is only one side of the question— : the ministerial side ; bnt let me foreshadow the other side by an anecdote : "Once npon a time , a very ignorant man was defendant in the Irish Court of Chancery in a very heavy suit , and upon which depended a large property . "While the plaintiff ' s counsel was
stating his case , the defendant , who sat next his own counsel , was almost driven into fits ; but when his counsel began to state his case , he got up , and , clapping his hands , to the great astonishment ofthe court , roared out : ' "Now , my lord , the butter is coming out of the stirabout . ' " So , the Times ' version being merely the case of the Government however the bullfrogs outside may be dispirited , it is not at all unlikely , that they , too , may exclaim , when they hear their leaders ? assault upon the Speech : " Now the butter is coming out of the stirabout "
However , my views of the crisis only bespeak my own feelings , and I am bound to say , that I tiunk _.. any .- Government - _is _^ _foDy justified in basing its policy upon the presumed satisfaction ofthe people , and I think the people most richly deserve all the burdens and oppression io which they are subjected , so long as the minister is able to base their continuance upon popular satisfaction . I take a very different view of the present state of affairs from that
taken by the Times . lam willing to admit that trade is good , hut I am not prepared to l > elieve that the working class mind of England is now so dull and sluggish , that it will be satisfied that idlers should live luxuriously upon the sweat of the industrious , while those who live in temporary comfort during the season of good employment , will ultimately be driven to the bastile , the idle pensioner still enjoying his whole salary derived from limited produce .
I am not satisfied , and I never will "be satisfied , so long as the property , which is the labour of the working man , his life , his liberty , and those comforts and enjoyments to which he is entitled , are placed in the keeping of those _irho lire luxuriously npon his exconununication ; and however the dull mind of England may be lulled into temporary quiescence , by temporary and partial prosperity , and however the Irish people may have been heretofore used by jugglers and plunderers , I say , however inert and inanimate you may be , and however tiie minister may boast of Irish loyalty , yet that minister -will still find Ireland his
' _' GREATEST DD ? FICULTT . " Let me show yon the difference between English and Irish feeling . In England , none but the dissatisfied unemployed , or badly paid , take part in the popular movement , while in Ireland men of wealth , farmers , shopkeepers , merchants and traders , are ever ready to enlist ia the cause of liberty . The Irish Democratic Association , but recently established , and only represented by the ' * _lrishnan _, _' will shortly number some FIFTY _THOUSANDS in its ranks ; and although the meetings of that body are attended by spies and detectives , yet snch is the sterling and virtuous patriotism ofthe Irish people , that the presence of the Jailer-General and his staff
would not intimidate them , but would augment their numbers . ' .. Working men of England , if any new tinkering legislation is now based upon your presumed satisfaction ; and if , when unemployed , you then become dissatisfied , blame yourselves , and not me : for I now tell younpon this , the opening day of the Session of 1850- _^ that you will be used hy your
taskmasters for THEIR , and not for YOUR , BENEFIT ; that is , you will be negativel y , aud not a & matively , used ; you will be UBed against tiie Protectionists , but uot an auxiliaries to fi ght the battle of Labour . Now , however often I repeat these facts , you have not yet learnt them , "but learn them you will , and that ere long ; and it is to prepare you for the _roming straggle , that I have sacrficed everything that is dear to me .
The feudal lords will never abandon any portion of their property so long as their power is based upon it j and , believe me , that you will find it much harder to wrench labour from the gripe of tho labour lord , than land from the grasp ofthe landlord . The power ofthe one is active , and can be acti _vely used—the power ofthe other is _slugjpsh , and can only be sluggishly used ; and h _* e active power of the one oppresses your
° " _« er thousandfold more than tbe sluggish _^ er of the other . But , however , your apath y , yonr disunion , and temporary satisf _^ " , may temporarily preserve and uphold _^ power of either , br both , I should give up _Jfhtics to-morrow , were I not full y convinced " -at both powers will , ultimately—and that _^ long—fall before the power of an _enlightr _^ and united people . ; and this hope , and 7 ho pe alone , encourages me to persevere _^• " _"" _ist all odds and danger , with the _convie-1
0 Tfle "Fforrmg Ctasses. *^ R This Day T...
tion that I am rendering your cause a service , because all parties opposed to you hate aud detest me , because I will not allow the working class power to he used as an auxiliary force / to achieve ascendancy for their taskmasters . I remain , your Faithful and Uncompromising Friend , Feakgus O'Connor . Friday Morning . . P . S . — "Well , the die is cast , the machinery is to remain unchanged , because trade arid commerce are good , and because tbe people are well _employed-and well remunerated , and therefore SATISFIED . tlOn that T Jim rar , Aoy . ; nrr _„„ ,, _ „„ .,,. ; . „ _„« :
There has been a bait thrown out tothe Irish toadies in the shape of an extended franchise , the government being well aware tha _^ with the present constituency , they would be defeated by an overwhelming majority , if a new election took place . There has not , hovr > ever , heen one word said about increasing the English franchise , or even about _Pai'h ' ameiitary or Financial Reform . No ; the English translation of the speech , as I predicted * ' is , ' " we are very well , now we are satisfied , let us alone . " Aid now , working men , it is for you to say whether you are satisfied or whether
you are not ; . and as no individual has a right to assume the character of dictator if you are satisfied , it would be presumption and arrogance—nay treachery— upon my part to declare that you were not satisfied ; if you are satisfied , I should be so ; but I tell you candidly , that my dissatisfaction is based upon the dissatisfaction which will be entertained by you when things change , and that change they will ,-and that right speedil y , you may rest assured . And again I tell you , that if the change leads to discontent , " you shall not again make me the victim of your folly , nay , of your treachery to yourselves . F . _O'C .
: Tion That I Am Rendering Service Millo...
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Opening; Of Parliament. Notwithstanding ...
OPENING ; OF PARLIAMENT . Notwithstanding the extreme wetness ofthe evening , a very numerous meeting , convened by the Provisional Committee of the National Charter Association , was held at the National Hall , High Holborn , on Thursday , Jan . 31 st , at eight o clock , to consider the Royal Speech . Mr . "Wihjam Dixon having been unanimously called to tbe chair , said , from his knowledge of the working classes , he was sure
all who presented themselves would meet with a full , fair , and impartial hearing . [ At this moment Mr . "W . J . Vernon , stepped on the platform , and was greeted with loud applause . ] The chairman resumed , and having stated the object of the meeting , called upon Mr . T . Clark , secretary , who read the "Queen ' s Speech , " amidst the alternate laughter , cheers , cries of " oh , oh , " and other expressions of the meeting , at the " Speech from the Throne . " At the conclusion ,
Mr . G . "W . M . Reynolds came foward , amidst loud cheers , to move the first resolution , and showed the fallacy of supposing—as the speech did—that the people were really " happy and contented , " instancing the numerous meetings daily held to benefit the condition of the people , as a proof ofthe contrary . Amongst others he noticed the Chartist , Parliamentary Reform , Protection , Free Trade , and Sanatory meetings , and proceeded in an abler mariner' tb " "discuss the " speech clause by clau * 3 e * _r-and-Tegretted war had not been declared in favour of Hungarian independence , which elicited loud and long-continued applause , and was renewed when he eulogised the Mussulman sovereign for refusing to give
up Kossuth and his brave compatriots to the savage Emperors of Russia and Austria . He also alluded to the many inconsistencies in the speech , and hi the cholera clause he took occasion to mention the cases of "Williams and Sharp , charging their deaths on the shoulders of the government , which was greeted with the most hearty cheering . He showed that her Majesty could know nothing of Ireland , serangthatshe only paid a mere superficial visit to that country , seeing merely its fair side , the mud hovels remaining' unvisited—denounced the present system of Government expenditure , and tbe causes that had called it into existence—described the debauchery of the ancestors of several " noble dukes , " who derived their incomes from the sale of the
" charms" of their great grandmamas , which was also greeted with ( much applause . [ Here some slig ht interruption was caused by some person in the body ofthe hall , making several exclamations which did not reach onr ears , but which was immediately silenced by Mr . Reynolds inviting the gentleman to the platform , which was greeted with rapturous cheering by the meeting . ] Mr . Reynolds said , as the Government had not promised any reform for England , it was the duty of the people to be ceaseless in their agitation , until the People's Charter was obtained , and sat down amidst a perfect furor of : applause , by moving the first resolution .
"Tbat this meefinghaving just heard read her majesty ' s speech npon tbe opening of parliament this day , cannot refrain from expressing their utmost disapprobation of the fact , that while comparative ]** insignificant circumstances are pompously paraded therein , as causes of joy and grief to her majesty ; and , while the attention of parliament is directed to several minor topics , no reference is made to the all-engrossing subject ofthe extension ofthe franchise , the redaction of onr enormous taxation , the extinction of our over-growing pauperism and other gr ievances , which , in the opinion of this meeting , should have a prominent place in this ministerial document .
Mr . M'Grath , in seconding the resolution , said the government could expect no allegiance from the people unless they ( the people ) had a voice in making the laws they were called on to obey , and thought that legislation , as at present conducted , was at best " usurpation , ' and compared Royal Speeches with Republican Messages , much to the advantage of the latter . Talk of prosperity ! "Wh y one in every seven of onr population -was a pauper—when had we a proper representation , our resources were ample to remove every vestige of poverty from amongst us . Mr . M'Grath then pointed to the land- God had given us , and which the
aristocracy had stolen from ns , and demanded the reclamation ofthe waste , and the employment of the common lands for the public good , amidst loud applause , and eloquently recommended agitation as the precursor of freedom and the herald of progress . The aristocracy were tottering on the side of the grave , and would soon tumble into it ; "Wh y we even find tbe placid Earl Stanhope , and the peaceable Richard Cobden , predicting revolutions . Let us watch their movements , and turn their contentions _, to the advancement of the People ' s Charter . ( Tremendous cheering . ) The resolution was earned unanimously _.
Mr . S . M . Kydd , rose to move the second resolution amidst great applause . —The resolution declared the favour of the meeting for the several p oints of "the People ' s Charter , " and declared—despite the Times leader—that the people and their leaders-were becoming unanimous in their demand for " manhood sufirage , '' notwithstanding the diversity of their arguments . ( Great cheering . ) Mr . Kydd eloquently advocated the widening the base ofthe British constitution , in order that all men might have a footing thereon—as out of nothing , nothing could come _.-r-Tell not roe , exclaimed Mr . Kydd , that great dukes , noble-
Opening; Of Parliament. Notwithstanding ...
men , or millocrats pay all the taxes _, ; ., no ,-the _people bear all the burdens , and . _should be the foundation of all Government . ( Tremendous cheering . ) The principles in that resolution were his , and he would not lay them aside for any party . ( Reiterated and prolonged cheering . ) His cry was no half measure—no humbug— -but truth and Justice . Mr . K ydd resumed his seat amidst deafening plaudits , succeeded by a cry of three cheers for Mr . Kydd , which were heartily given . Mr . James _Grassby seconded the motion in a sensible speech , which was greeted with much applause . ;_ ____« - _ . . « ,, , „
Miv J . Vernon followed in support ofthe resolution , and strongl y _advisied the people to stick true to their motto — " the People's Charter , and no surrender "—and further , that each Chartist should act and exert himself a _" s' if success depended on him alone . ( Loud Cheers .. ) The resolution was carried unanimously . _, _, Mr . T . Clark came forward _^ to move the adoption of a petition to the House of Commons , _expreBsiveNof _ithe regret of the meeting that no allusion was made to Electoral Reform
for England in . the royal speech , and praying the House to _« nact the People ' s Charter as the law of the land . Mr . Clark ' s appearance was the signal for interruption from a little knot , of persons , who shouted most lustily " Ton are no Democrat , " which was met with counter cries , loud cheers , and disapprobation . On an appeal from the Chairman order was restored , and Mi * . Clark proceeded to enforce his opinions , and the adoption of the petition , amidst occasional interruptions , loud cheers , and counter-cheers , which now arose more loudly and vociferously , until at length a
person , who had been most vociferous in the body of the Hall , came upon the platform amidst loud cheers . [ Mr . . Kydd made an eloquent appeal for order . ] A call was made to the chair . to put the question whether Mr . Clark should be heard , and Mr . Clark having declared his determination to bow to the decision of the meeting , the Chairman put the question , as desired , which was decided in the affirmative , with only one
dissentient voice . Mr . Clark resumed his address , declaring his dissatisfaction atthe result ofthe last ten years' agitation , and his desire to see such an union as should at least effect the enactment of the People ' s Charter as the Law ofthe Land , in our own day . He thought that the Charter , propounded by Sir J . "Walmsley , was . not a so "little" as it had been represented , justified his advocacy of the Parliamentary Reformers , as a measure of progress , that would confer the franchise on four , millions
of persons , although he never wonld desert the green banner of Chartism , but would , in in the meantime , accept anything that would impel onward the cause of Chartism , which was the cause of the great mass of working people , in whom hehad the greatest confidence . He moved the adoption of the petition . Mr . Kydd explained that there was no division amongst the advocates of the Charter . They all appealed , through reason , for the People ' s Charter—which was truth and justice . : Mr . Merriman seconded the adoption ofthe petition .
: Messrs . Ambrose Hirst and Manxz having spoken in support of the petition , it was carried ' unaniinonsly . - '/ A vote of thanks was then given to the chairman , and the meeting terminated .
. ; —•¦¦¦^¦'****''**— Bornean Pirates. O...
. ; _—•¦¦¦^¦ ' _****''**— BORNEAN PIRATES . On "Wednesday night a public meeting was held at the London Tavern , convened by the Aborigines ' Protection and Peace Societies , " to consider the fearful sacrifice of human life on the coast of Borneo , in July last , and to petition Parliament for the total and immediate abolition of the practice of awarding head-money for the destruction of pirates . " Mr . Joseph Siuhge , having been called to the chair , proceed to explain the object for which the meeting had been called , and read a letter , apologising for non-attendance , from Mr . Cobden , M . P . The Rev . Henry Richards then proceeded to address the meeting , and entered into a lengthened detail of the expedition in July last against the
Bornean Dyaks of the Saribas river , in order to prove that the massacre that followed was deserving of public investigation . He maintained that there ought to have been evidence to justify such a fearful act of wholesale destruction . Well , all the evidence that these Dyaks had engaged or contemplated engaging in a piratical expedition , was a report brought to Sir James Brooke while at Sarawak , that the Sarebun and Sakarran tribes designed to make a piratical attack on certain villages in the Rejang . That report , which was brought by their known and hereditary enemies , the Malays , he found was never substantiated . There was also another report that tbey threatened to massacre the inhabitants ofa small town called
Palo , unless they supplied them with arms . There was , however , one more fact against them which he ought to state . They also sent a message to Rajah Brooke , telling him he was an old woman . ( Laughter . ) " This was literally the whole of the evidence given by the perpetrators themselves of tho grounds on which this tremendous massacre was committed . To show that it was a cold-blooded massacre , and not a struggle with combatants in any degree equally matched , he read a variety of extracts from the accounts of the officers eDgaged . He contended that the law of piracy gave the criminal the right to a trial before he was condemned ; but in this instance the men , without offering any resistance , was butchered in cold blood , and never had the
form of a trial . The reading of the extracts , and the comments of tbe speaker , were received with loud cries of " shame , shame , " and frequent other marks of indignation . The Rev . 0 . B . Gribble , a clergyman of the Church of England , moved thefirst resolution , viz .: — " That , in the opinion of this meeting , the recent slaughter of 1 , 500 or 2 , 000 Dyaks off the coast of Borneo , by English seamen acting under the direction of Sir James Brooke , on the vague and general _imnutation of piracy , is a gross outrage of all tbe rights of justice and humauify , and calculated to cast a deep dishonour on oar national character , as a civilised and christian people , and that a
thorough and searching inquiry should be immediately instituted by parliament into all the circumstances of this transaction , as well as into tho general line of policy pursued by Sir James Brooke _, in his treatment of the aborig inal tribes of Borneo . " Mr . Aaron Smith said , he had been attacked by Malay pirates in those seas . If the natives caught sm Englishman they would kill him at once , and boil him next day . ILaughter . ) As regarded head money , he considered it objectionable , Because an English officer was paid for his services without it . ( Cheers . ) He apologised for intruding , but he felt called upon to rise to vindicate the British naval officers ,. than whom a more gallant and . virtuous race of men did not exist .
Mr . Geo . Thompson , M . P .,. next addressed . the meeting , and in order to disprove the dangers of landing among the natives of Borneo , referred fo the accounts g iven by Sir James Brooke himself , of his own expedition up the river Sarawak without convoy , in his little yacht the Royalist . He hoped the meeting would commission him in his place ' in Parliament to demand a committee of inquiry . ( Loud cheers . ) Then they could have the last speaker before it to give evidence , and if he ( Mr . Thompson ) were on the inquiry , he should not be satisfied until he had turned him inside out . ( Laughter and cheers . ) The first resolution was then put and carried nem . con .
Mr . J . H . Parry moved the next resolution , which was to the effect , " That the judgment of this mee ting , the system of _awarding'head-money for the destruction of pirates as at present sanctioned by the law ; of this country , ought to be immediately and utterly abolished , as a practice barbarous and unjust in principle , which presents a direct _^ temptation to the shedding of innocent blood , and which cannot fail to produce a pernicious and demoralising effect on the character of all per-
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_•*^ _*^ S _*^ _-mthe service of the country and . brought under its influence , " < Thercsolution ; having been seconded by . Mr . S . F . Woolmer , was also -carried nem . e 6 n 7 A . petition- to Parliament , founded on the foregoing resolutions , and ; to be presented by Mr Cobden , _havingijbeen adopted , thanks were voted to _tHe chairman , - and the meeting , separated , _„)^ : L Ia ' -.. " .... .- ..
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^Htjrsday, Januaby31st. ' ' ,. N0t I Se ...
_^ HTJRSDAY , _jANUABY 31 st . ' ' _,. _I ° _? _I-ORDS .-The High ' _iCourt of Parliament was this day _opened by _Royaf Commission , the Commissioners being the Lord Chancellor , the Marquis or _Lansdbwhe , the Marquis ' of . _BreadaU bane , the Earl of Minto , ' and the'Bishop of _"U-ridbn . Tho Lords Commissioners having takeh' _^ their seats , on the woolsack about two o ' clock , a message was sent tothe House _^ fiCothmons , summoning the Speaker and its members to the bar , . to hear the Royal (; . Speech , read . ; Soon afterwards- the Speaker entered , accompanied by , a large body of members of _tfie lower bouse ; and the Commission for opening - _Parliament : having been read by one of the Clerks atjthe tablethe Lord Chancellor read her _Majesty ' s ** _haeoliyyaSfollows : — • ' _^ _"l- ? _t . We are _eommandedl- by ber ' _Majesty ; to ; assure VOli tliat hor _MaiPRtv haa _oronf on .
_tisfactioil in . again having recourse to the advice and assistance of her Parliament . . The decease of her Majesty Queen Adelaide has caused her Majesty deep , affliction . The extensive charity and exemplary virtues of her late Majesty , will always render her memory dear to the nation . ' ' . ,. ¦ Her Majesty happily continues in peace and amity with Foreign Powers . In the course of the * autumn , differences of a serious character arose between the Governments of Austria and Russia on the one hand , and the Sublime Porte on the other , in regard to the treatment of a considerable number of persons who , after the termination ofthe civil war in Hungary , had taken refuge in tbe Turkish Territory .
Explanations which took place between the Turkish and Imperial Governments , bave fortunately removed any danger to the Peace of Europe , which might have arisen out of these differences . - Her Majesty having been appealed to on this occasion by the Sultan , united her efforts with those ofthe Government of France , to which a similar appeal had been made , in order to assist by tbe employment of her good offices in effecting an amicable settlement of those differences , in a manner consistent with the dignity and independence of the Porte .
¦ He , r Majesty has been engaged in communications with Foreign States , upon the measures which might be rendered necessary by the relaxation of the restrictions formerly imposed by the navigation laws of this country The Governments ofthe United States , of America , and of Sweden , have promptly taken steps to secure to British ships in the ports of their respective countries , advantages similar to those which their own ships now enjoy in British ports . With regard to those Foreign States whose navigation laws have hitherto been of a restrictive character , her Majesty has received from
nearly all of them assurances which induce her to hope that our example will speedily lead ton great and general diminution of those obstacles which previously existed to a free intercourse , by sea between the nations of the world . ' _^ . : ' " . ' . ' . ' "' " _" ' - ' 7 '" " '• ' i * i ! _Mii _^ aa _?^" _.-i'i _^ _i _/« - _ji--. ' ' _¦¦¦ ¦ ¦ '" > ' ¦ _; , ¦ _¦ ., '¦ " ""¦ •¦ ¦ : ¦ '•¦¦ ¦ ' ¦ ' _InTner _^ nmmer ana autumn of the past year the United'Kingdom was again visited by the ravages of the Oholera , but Almighty God , in His mercy , was pleased to arrest the progress of mortality , and to stay this fearful pestilence . Her Majesty is persuded that we shall best evince our gratitudej by vigilant precautions against the more obvious causes of sickness , and an enlightened consideration for those who are most exposed to its attacks .
Her Majesty , in her late visit to Ireland , derived the highest gratification from the loyalty and attachment manifested by all classes of her subjects . Although tho effects of former years of scacrity are painfully feltin that part of the United Kingdom , they are mitigated by the , present abundance of food , and the tranquillity which prevails . Her Majesty has great satisfaction in congratulating you on the improved condition of commerce and manufactures . It is with regret
that her Majesty has observed the complaints which ,. in many parts of the kingdom , have proceeded from the owners and occupiers of land . Her Majesty greatly laments that any portion of her subjects should be suffering distress . , But it is a source of sincere gratification to her Majesty to witness the increased enjoyment of the necessaries and comforts of life , which cheapness andplenty have bestowed upon the great body of her people . Gentlemen of the House of Commons ,
Her Majesty has directed the Estimates for the year , to be laid before you , They have been framed with a strict regard to Economy , while the efficiency of the various branches of the Public Service has not been neglected . Her Majesty has seen with satisfaction the present state of the Kevenue . My Lords and Gentlemen , Some of the measures which were postponed atthe end of the last Session , for want of time for their consideration , will be again laid before you .. Among the most important of these . . is one for the better Government of the Australian Colonies .
Her Majesty has ; directed various measures to be . prepared for the improvement of the condition of Ireland . The mischiefs arising from party ; processions ; the defects of the laws regulating the relations of landlord and tenant , the imperfect state of tho Grand Jury Acts and the diminished number of electors for Members to serve in Parliament ; will , together with other matters of serious consequence , form the subjects of measures to be submitted
for your consideration . Her Majest y has learnt with satisfaction , that the measures which . have been already passed for the promotion of the public health are in a course of gradual adoption ; and her Majesty trusts that both in the metropolis and in various parts of the United Kingdom , you will be enabled to make further progress in the removal of evils which affect tho health and well-being of her subjects .
The favour of Divine Providence has hitherto preserved this kingdom from the wars and convulsions which during the last two years have shaken so many of the States ofthe Continent of Europe . It is her Majesty ' s hope and belief that by combining liberty with order , by preserving what is valuable , and amending what is defective , you will sustain the fabric of our institutions , as the abode and the shelter of a free and happy people . The Lords' Commissioners then bowed to the Speaker and members of the House of Commons , who thereupon retired , and their _lordshipB adjourned hntil five o ' clock . Their lordships resumed at five o'clock .
Lord Beougham laid on the table a bill to consolidate and amend the laws and statutes relating to bankruptcy . - ¦ ; , . ' . ¦ .- The Speech . — The Adm * , ess . — The Lord Chancellor having read the royal message , Tho Earl of Essex rose to move tbe address . The noble earl commenced by claiming the indulgence of their lordships for his want of experience , and then
^Htjrsday, Januaby31st. ' ' ,. N0t I Se ...
proceeded to expatiate-on the topics alluded to in the royal message . Their lordshipsj ' wonld , he was confident , sympathise with her _Mpjesty in the loss which the country had sustained in the death of Queen Adelaide . ( Hear , hear . ) He was happy to say , that our interference on behalf of Turkey had been attended with the most happy results . The noble earl commented on the remaining portions of the speech , and concluded by moving the address . . Lord METnoEN _. _seconded the motion , and in the course of his speech deprecated the violence ofthe language that had been employed by the Protectionist agitators . - , -
: Lord _Siradbkoke could not feel contented with the barren expression of regret contained in the address , at the overwhelming miseries suffered by the agriculturists . His lordship -proceeded with a ' protracted history of agriculture ; isince the first establishment of the corn , law , after ., tho peace of 1815 , and concluded by moving . thefollowingamendment , after the words ,. ' ! commerce and manufactures : — " Thatwo regret , however , to be compelled humbly to represent . to ; your Majesty ; that in many parts of the United Kingdom , and especially in Ireland , the various classes ' of your Majesty ' s subjects connected with : _theUicuItivation .. of ;> the soil are labouring under _severe _distress _/ _VtJjyiinly applicable
iri : pur opinion , tovjecent _legis ' atiye enactments _^ aggravated by ? tl _^ ' pressure of _Joeairtaxatibn . " : _•^ Thc _, EaH , - ' 6 T ' _^ _ia _^^ B _^^^ i _^ i _^ m _^ d _^ p _^ _becauso lie _folt _* ; corivineea that the " . _interestsi of the landlord , labourer ; and tenant in Ireland' were fast progressing to a s ' tato of utter annihilation and ruin _, iAfter ' some remarks . from Earl Carlisle , Duke of Richmond , Earl Fitzwilliam , Earl Granvillk , and Lord Broughasi , Lord ' Stanley spoke at considerable length , the Marquis of Landsdowne replied , and the house divided ; the numbers were : —For the Address—Present , 86 ; Proxies , 66—152 . For the amendment—Present , 69 ; Proxies , 34—103 . Maiority for Ministers , 49 , The house then adjourned until Monday .
HOUSE OF COMMONS . —A few minutes before two o ' clock , the Speaker and several members entered the house , and immediately afterwards The Yeoman Usher of the Black Rod entered , and summoned the Commons to attend at the Bar of the House of Lords to hear the royal speech given by Commission . ; . The Speaker , accompanied by a great number of members , accordingly proceeded to the bar of the Houseof Lords to hear the royal speech . The Hou : _C resumed at four o . ' clock . New Membkhs . — -The following new members took the oathB and their seats : —Mr . Standford for the Borough of Reading ; Col . Chatterton for Cork ; Mr . Evelyn for West Surrey : Lord A . Lennox for Shoreham ; M . V . Best for Kidderminster , and Hon . D . A . Pelham for Boston .
The Address . —The Speaker then informed the house that he had been to the House of Lords , and obtained a copy of her Majesty ' s speech , which he forthwith read to the _houso , Mr . _Timjers then moved that a humble Address be presented to her Majesty , in reply to her moBt fr acious Speech . There appeared to be such a isposition to attribute tho present circumstances of the country to that course of policy which he had endeavoured , for many years , humbly to advocate , and which had at length been adopted hy parliament , that he should have thought , but for that disposition , than no worse person than himself could have heen selected to move the Address .
Confident , however , that the noble lord . at the head of the government would not abandon the policy which he had carried out , and agreeing with the government in its general policy , he had no hesitation in asking the house to Address her Majesty in reply to the Speech from the Throne . ( Cheers . ) The hon . gent , then adverted to the foreign policy pursued by the government , and defended the kind of intervention which this country adopted , which was that of peaceful intervention , ( Hear , hear , ) The result was that the country was more trusted , and stood higher in tho estimation of other countries than it had ever done in former times . ( Cheers . ) - They had shown the world that great liberty was consenent with the preservation of property and-order , and that the greatest safety and
tranquillity are to bo acquired by yielding in time tp the . voice of public opinion .. The . ; hon . gent . then _^ adverted , fco freft trade , which had not , he . said , as yet , hada iair " trial , but _whichi as far as could be seen , promised soon to surmount the obstruction which had hitherto in some measure cheeked its progress . The business of ship building and that of shipowners were never in so prosperous a condition , the greatest activity prevailing in all our dock yards . Not only could they build ships cheaper than they could buy them , but foreigners found that they could build vessels cheaper in our dock yards than in their own . He read a letter from a gentlemen , showing that the business of ship-building was increasing in the port ot Liverpool . He had also a return from the poi t of Sunderland , exhibiting a similar increase in the business of ship-building . He thought he had a right under such circumstances
to _congratulate the house upon . the repeal of the Navigation Laws , merely observing , that everything whicli had been foretold by the opponents of the measure had not been realised ; while all that had been foretold by its advocates had come to puss . ( A laugh , ;) lie next adverted tothe Queen ' s visit to Ireland , wbich had been attended with the happiest results , and the country was progressing , although , no doubt , there were still deep traces ofthe awful visitations the Irish people had endured . The necessariesof life were more accessible to the people , and tbe giving of out-door relief had not produced the evil effects wliich were apprehended from it . The decrease in the relief administered both to the indoor and out _. door poor was remarkable for its gradual progress and extent . Outrages and crime in general had diminished also to an extraordinarj extent . He nest alluded to the reference made ifc
the speech to manufactures and commerce , which he was happy to say exhibited an improving aspect . The whole world appeared to be waiting the result of the experiment tried by this country , and the circumstances he alluded to , _showing that our manufactures and commevce were in a state of prosperity , was one of great importance . He had no doubt but many persons had tlieir confidence shaken in the _manciples of Free Trade by the demonstrations made by the Protectionists and other parties- whose authority was not without its weight . The announcement _in'the speech came very opportunely , to set the world right upon the question . The hon . gentleman then argued at much length that all the predictions of the Free Traders had , ns far as the experiment was tried , been fulfilled . The time of trial , he was aware was short—only one year—but still within the last sixteen months we had imported more corn than had been imported for sixteen years before ; and surely if any evil consequences were likely to result
from such importation they would have ere now exhibited themselves ; instead of which , however , it appeared as if tlie condition of every class of the community was improving , and as if the labouring classes 1 , both agricultural and manufacturing , enjoyed wages which enab _' ed them to have more of the comforts of life . ' The difference in the expense of feeding the people in dear and cheap times was enormous . Taking the years 1847 and 1849 , there was a difference ol £ 91 , 000 . ( 100 in the expense of the maintenance of the whole population . He was not anxious to make the people more discontented than they were , and be would not go into the question as to the amount they had lost by keeping up high prices during a long period of time , but he believed no one could question the correctness of his calculation , by which he showed that they had lost £ 91 , 000 , 000 by high prices in the year 1847 . Mr . Villiers concluded his speech amid cheers , The motion was seconded by Sir J . Duke .
Sir J . _TuoLtorE moved an amendment of that part ofthe address which referred to the condition of agrioulturo , and the complaints of the owners and occupiers of land . He urged the difficulties experienced by those classes throughout the country , who felt that their complaints had been treated with levity and disrespect , and who had in a firm tone maintained their right to be heard with attention by the Legislature . The amendment was similar to that moved in the House of Lords . Colonel Chattkhton , the new moraber for Cork , seconded tho amendment .
The _Chanobllob of the Exchequer was glad that on the first night of the session the amendment moved by Sir J . _Tbollope , who called for a _reconsideration of the recent legislative measures , would bring the great question to issue , whether Parliament should retrace its stops , or persist in that _oourse of legislation to whicli ho believed the universal prosperity of tho country was owing . Sir Charles entered into various details , founded upon official documents , showing the augmentation of our foreign trade . He maintained that the distress amongst certain classes of the owners and occupiers of land in some paris of tho country had been exaggerated . He read statements of the imports of foreign and colonial produce , and of shipping entered in England , pointing out how much the results were at variance with the iorebodings of the Protectionists '; and he wound these statements up with an announcement that every branch ofthe
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revenue had 'decidedly _^ improved- _the'fesfilt-iicing that thei ; e ) Was-an'excess : of . inoome . over expenditure for the year of . - £ 2 , 008 , 000 . . ' / ' Mr . H . Herbert _supportedithe amendment , and was replied , to by Mr W . Tag a > , and after speeches from'Sir j . WAtsi ' i arid MK BEnkELET . onthe motion of-the Marquis of Gban ' , the debate _*' vas " adjourhe'I until this day , and the house adjourned at twelves o ' clock _^ ¦ . ¦¦¦ ' y .: r : ¦ ,. _'¦¦( ' ... _i'f "' . ¦« .
-- _¦ _:,,: _.:.: _,-. _; FRIDAY . , < -: 7 : ~ : -X ,. ) y . > , \ HOUSE : *)]? COMMONS . —The Adjourned _Do-i . bate on the ) Address was commenced by the : _Mar-i quis . of . _Granbt , who argued that even if free , trade : had placed the necessaries of life at a cheaper rate , within the reach of those who can pay , it had on the other hand far more largely cut off the rewards of labour when employment was obtainable , and increased the number of the unhappy class who would find no marketfor then- day ' s work . : * " ¦¦ ' ' ; Mr . Denison , Lord-Noeretb , Captain Peiiiam , and Mr . M'Cuhaoit , supported the Address , and Mr . Christopher the amendment . ¦ Mr . Mcntz estimated the . blessings of free trade at their full value , arid believed that , iri the devious
course of bur commercial policy , we had ruined the West Indies and Ireland ; ho defied the government to retrace their stops , and concluded by supporting _tlieaddress . Mr . Herries , in reference to the advantages alleged to have been gained by the ship-builders ; accused Ministers of having erected that fabric of prosperity upon a narrow and unworthy base , and , with the aid of statistics of . his own , betook to pieces tho statements ofthe Chancellor of the Exchequer , iii order to show that the increase in this departmerit was neither real nor , even in its fictitious character , a result of the recent legislation , and concluded by prognosticating a speedy return to the
principle of protection : ; Mr . _Labouchere , in reply to Mr . Hemes , der clarcd that he never made an assertion with ' greater confidence than that he believed the ' whole business connected with shipbuilding , instead of being paralysed , was in a most satisfactory state . He denied that it Was the intention of the government to treat with the slightcst ' disrespect . theagricultural interest , or to . dispute > the _facV | bat severe distress didv _? ekist _^ ambngst _$ ie , _ownors _/' and occupiers ' -. of fanl ;* bufc " ndfch _^ than to Hold out an expectation , of a return to a system of protection , and tKus diverting their attention from the proper means of improving their con * _ditiain . ' . " .. "' .
Mr . Disraeli said , there was distress in England , dismay in Scotland , and little _shovt . of desolation in Ireland . The member for Wolverhampton had boasted that a sum equivalent to nearly one-eighth ofthe national debt hud been lost to the producers of food within a , very brief period . All this had been _talien away from the agriculturists by an act of the legislature passed recently and unexpectedly . He cared not whether dukes nr peers gave their adhesion to this vie w of the question ; the cause was the cause of labour , or it was nothing . Mr . Disraeli then addressed himself to the arguments of Sir C . Wood , reiterating his opinion that the exchange and the value of British industry had diminished ; he contrasted the conclusions of the right hon .
baronet with the result of elaborate calculations in the . Economist , showing that during the last four years the manufacturers of Manchester had been manufacturing at a loss ; and he endeavoured to demolish his inference . drawn from diminished poor rates . Passing then to " the special burdens upon land , he asked the Manchester school if , as they averred , land wag only a raw material , why it was taxed?—why they did not extend to land the same economical principles as to other raw materials ? The object of the amendment was not to abrogate recent laws , but to obtain a recognition by that house ofa distress that was notorious , and an expression of its sympathy with the distressed . Lord John Russell had no fear in meeting the positions of the hon . member , but he was unable to
comprehend them . On his side of the house the amendment had been interpreted into a challenge forthe revision of tlieir recent policy ; but , on the other side , the interpretations had been extremely contradictory . The ministry were anxioHS to encounter their opponents on the broad principle , holding the conviction that nothing but injury could result to the country Irom any retractation of their free trade measures . He asked the house to be content with the present state of legislation upon this subject . If any measures of relief could be suggested for the distress ofthe landed interest without injustice to other classes , let them be considered ; but let no attempt be made to disturb a question now decided , the revival of which would create a doubt as to thc stability of their decisions .
Mr . Cobden , who rose and spoke amidst impatience in the house for a division , _ctmplimented the government , on the freedom they had manifested from any tendency to falter with tlie question : he complained of the vagueness of Mr . Disraeli ' s speech , and called upon him , in thc name of the farmers of England , "to giv _« notice at once of the time when he would discuBs the question of protection '" ' •' ¦ . . '; Mr . Henrx Druumond . - and Colonel Thompson addressed the house shortly , amidst strong symptoms of impatience . The house then divided , when the Address was carried by 311 against 192 . The house adjourned at two o'clock , . until Monday .
Chartist Liabilities. To Mr. William Rid...
CHARTIST LIABILITIES . TO MR . WILLIAM RIDER . Dear Sir , —I have much pleasure in forwarding you tho sum of 10 s . 2 d . —10 s . of the amount sent , are the profits allowed on the sale of the Northern Star paper , the remainder is tho voluntary subscriptions from a few of the good and true men of Wellingbro ' , the whole of which is to be applied to the ease ol Macnamara's action against Mr . O'Connor ; and I am requested to state , thatthe Chartists of this town , feel it to be a disgrace . to their order , that the above costs have not been settled long ago . It is not onlyjshameful , but it is criminal , for Mr . O'Connor to be " called on to pay a nation ' s costs . It may be well to add , that in our opinion , tho Chartists ' of England will not be an honest body of men , until they have liquidated the several debts which they have contracted ; and we
believe the best possible way is , for every locality in which the Northern Star paper is taken , to elect agents of their own choice , and the profits to go to Chartists purposes , instead of as now , being * swallowed up hy agents who are many of them Chartists only for selfish interests . The Chartists of Weilingboro'think it would be better that two-thirds ofthe profits should cease entirely , if a system of this kind be not generally adopted . One-penny per paper , going into the pockets of local agents , is of no benefit to the cause , or to the reader , and we consider it to be a burden which ought no longer to exist : we , therefore , appeal to the Chartists generally , to become their own agents , and apply the profits for the furtherance of their own cause , whereby fifty _pounda and upwards would como in weekly .
On behalf of the Chartists of Wellingboro " , Yours , he ., W . " SVestlet .
The Debts Op The Chartist Association. T...
THE DEBTS OP THE CHARTIST ASSOCIATION . TO TnE EDITOR OP THE NORTHERN STAR . Dear Sir , —There is _something so very serious in contemplating the repeated calls made upon Mr . O'Connor for money that ought to be paid by the Chartist body , that I think every person in the possession of the least approach to the common feelings of our nature must experience a degree of shame when made acquainted with the fact . Experiencing that shame , I felt that I could not act with greater satisfaction to myself than commencing a subscription on behalf of Mr . O'Connor , ( or rather Mr . O'Connor ' s position , ) and likewise for the "Whig victims ; the result up to the present time I have transmitted to Mr . Rider by the post that conveys this note . And I beg to state that I shall continue
to receive subscriptions so long as money is wanted , or till the new organisation is consummated , and proper persons are appointed to take charge of monies subscribed for the purpose here _alludea to . I would suggest to the new Executive , in order to wipe away the foul stain at once , not only the propriety of asking , but the justness of demanding from every eurofied member of the Chartist Association a trifling regular subscription , —and a trifle from each would bo sufficient" to meet Chartist liabilities . Supposing sucb an amount as one halfpenny per month was demanded of all who claim to be considered Chartists , and only one-third of those from whom we have a right to expect support actne Tarious _lunos
quiesced ; a _sUm sufficient for au ( would be the result ; of course , this would be independent of the general expense fund . There are many instances where parties could not be expected to fall in with this demand , these the local officers would recognise ; but on the other hand , there are ; many , who , if it was understood that something was . demanded from each , would willingly pay a consi- , derabie deal m oro than the sum I nave named ; in ; fact , I have had it expressed to me by those who ; can afford it , that under such circumstances they would do so . "For myself , I would make it a point of duty to pay for some of _Sbose who , I believe would be willing to pay if thoy were able .
Believeme , Your fellow-labourer for man ' s emancipation , John Cook , Bookseller , & c Upper Orwell-street , Ipswich .
Emigration.—The Edward, A New Barque, Re...
Emigration . —The Edward , a new barque , regis- ; tering 7 Q 0 tons , arid belonging to T . Restarick , E & q ., of Devonport , sailed from Plymouth for _Po _*^ 2 _jw' jSSI with 250 emigrants" _® J 0 * _« lii _^ ii -P . } . - ., _vm
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Feb. 2, 1850, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_02021850/page/1/
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