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THE HOPES OF '48. t . t gngcraft clap it...
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THE DEMOCRATIC REVIEW OF BRITISH AND FOR...
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xegnolds's Political Instructor. . . Edi...
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ADMIRABLE SPEECH OF MR. KYDD ON THE LA.B...
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protection meetings. clevblasdTyorkshire...
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SWAFFHAM, NORFOLK. On Monday, pursuant t...
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TRIUMPH OF FREE TRADE IN THE COUNTY OF B...
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A Protectionist Meeting took place at Pr...
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Unequal oovebnments are necessarily foun...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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The Hopes Of '48. T . T Gngcraft Clap It...
THE HOPES OF ' 48 . t t _gngcraft clap its gory hands , _^ nd oligarchy smile ; __ _ri nriestmft raise its vulture voice , And shriek a curse the -while ! _r a hot reaction swiftly come , with vengeance robed m state , — _ind strive to slay , witb rope and gun , " The hopes of' 48 ! _Tgj ; mammon-greed its golden links _ptawcloserdayby day , An madly seek to force -from all Alleg iance to its sway _, tfe dare them all—kings , mammon-slaves And oligarchs elate ! They cannot—all united—blast The hopes of " 4 S ! of
- _^ the h earts Europe ' s Toilers These hopes have niade their home ; 2 for Rnssian force in Hungary , "" Nor Gallic fraud in Borne . 5 er cunning diplomatic skill—That courteous mask of hate—Can plunder the unfranchised Of tbe hopes of' 4 S ! You may seize the men-who breathe them Too loud above their breath ; You may send their armed defenders A sharp or lingering death ; Shoot them by scores;—Tou but arrest And not avert . yoar fate ; For that martyr-blood is the seal ye set To the hopes of ' 4 S ! Ecgeke
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The Democratic Review Of British And For...
THE DEMOCRATIC REVIEW OF BRITISH AND FOREIGN POLITICS , HISTORY , AND LITERATUE . Edited "by Cr . _Jrous HiKHKr . -No . IX . "February . London : J . "Watson , 3 , Queen ' _s-head-paasage , Paternoster-row . TflE ° 5 econcl of a series of Letters to the Workin * Classes , on the all-important question of a Free Press , occupies the first place in this number . " Taxation and Terrorism'' is the title of a _digest of facts contained in the
pamp hlet of Mr . Williams , _ear-M . P ., recently renewed in these columns . " The Grave of a Tyrannicide " tells of the exhumation of the remains of one ofthe glorious band who dared to try , condemn , and subscribe the death--warrant of " the man Charles Stuart , " King of Eng land . The author of " A Glance at History" takes for his subject the principal Greek and Soman Historians . Herodotus is highly and deservedly eulogised , while Sallust is exposed to infamy and contempt . The most interesting and startling portion of this article is the author's defence of the celebrated
Catiline . This is historical heterodoxy with a vengeanceI How will the worshippers of such 44 patriots' * ' as Cicero like it;—and what vM Mrs . Grundy , say ? A striking transition _-fixun the great " anarchist" of ancient _timesj to tiie great systematiser of the present age-Fourier , introduces the reader to a memoir of that extraordinary theorist . " Revelations of the Building Trades , " by " John , the Workman , " will be anything but palatable to the despotic and plundering gentry who stand midway "between the employer and the employed , and cheat the former , while they grind tiie feces of the latter . '' Coming events cast
their shadows before , " and in " Pictures of the Poor" the reader will find—contrasted with the miseries of mothers and infants of the destitute classes—a description of th _^ ** royal ttadle" for Eer Majesty ' s " nest" It strikes ns that we may as well here give additional currency to the official announcement that Queen "Victoria , " by the grace of God , & C ., "" is at this time in an " " interesting situation . " With a lofty disregard of what the * _* * * common people" term " delicacy , " the Times has been instructed to announce that the "interesting "
climax maybe expected " about the middle of April" If that highly respectable , but rather muddle-headed , personage , Mr . John Bull , has any regard for his pockets , he will do wisely to be on the " look out for squalls . " An article entitled " The Charter , and something more ! " will speak "for itself—we may add , that it speaks plainly . A review of Ledru Rollin ' _spamphleti "The 13 th of June , " is followed by " Letters from France and Germany , " decidedly the most important of the contents of this number of the Democratic
Review . The disclosures concerning the designs of the European despots , and the proofs g iven of the progress of the revolu tionary spirit in France and Germany , stamp these letters as inexpressibly valuable . The letter from France has but one fault—its comparative brevity . Onr extracts must he very "brief : —
TIIE DUTY OS PAPER Is a war tax . It was first imposed in the tenth year of the reign of Queen Anne , when , according to the act of parliament , it was found " necessary to raise large sums of money to carry on the war . " The same act imposed a duty upon soap , silks , calicoes , linens , and stuff * , printed , painted , or stained in Great Britain ; also on stamped vellum , and parchment , and on certain _printed papers , pamphlets , and advertisements , & e ., < fcc . Truly Englishmen have paid dearly for the victories of Marlborough , and the preservation of " the balance of power . "
. HEBODOIOS . The moral doctrines that influenced Herodotus are io be found in his writings . They are ofa high and benevolent character , and widely different from tlie crude , mean , and selfish philosophy of the present age . One of his maxims was , " that power and riches are not sufficient to constitute happiness , for the man in possession of a moderate fortune is often more happy than the monarch on his throne . " "More than twenty centuries have passed since Herodotus flourished , and yet the science of morals and government has made little or no progress . Modem times may boast of its discoveries in physics , hut they have hitherto , in place of producing general happiness , tended only to demoralise the human race . Many of these discoveries have yielded riches to the few , and have become gigantic monopolies
hy bad legislation the people are beggared , and gaunt misery is spread over the land ; and so long as the accursed thirst for the accumulation of superfluous wealth shall he stimulated by the institutions of a country , the industrious and toiling millions will always he doomed to the most wretched suffering . The Wind impulses and the animal propensities which guide the political economists of our day , regarding human industry , exhibit strongly the heartless and ignoble character of their philosophy . * * The wisest and best of men have , in all ages , denounced the cupidity ofthe selfish rich , and we may fairly rank Herodotus among those who condemned and exposed the insane folly of doctrines which teach that the greatness of a nation depends npon its wealth being concentrated in the hands ofa few .
CATJU 5 E . To destroy the corruption which prevailed , and restore to the Soman people a better order of things , were in all probability the aims of Catiline _^ But because he attempted the overthrow of a licentious government , maintained by a proud aristocracy , in combination with the infamous usurers who plundered the citizens of the Roman empire , he has been _uenoimced-md handeddowninthe page of history as a detestable _villain . tte
• a * _ittrt " _*^ - - ?!" 10 BD - " . is » moset-lords . _^ _lf _^ r vrefw e 5 istin garistocracy , _Z _*^» X _sympathise with Sie ¦« _Protect tiomsts that we should be disposed to exult rather than to mourn were they m " tbeir de 8 pa 5 r to go , like Judas , and hang themselves : Bat we have equal hatred and more dread of a mdnied aris : tocracy . The feudal-lords are doomed—tbey are worn out , their race is run , and the handwriting on the wall predicts their speedy extinction . But the money-lords are full of life and energy , and resolutely resolved to establish their ascendancy ou the rains of the rule of their once masters , but now perishmg rivals . Should they succeed , woe tb the People 1 _Tiie-feuo _' _al-LJofiir'haTirscourged the prole ; tarians with whips , bnt the money-lords ( if-they succeed in their designs ] will scourge theniwith " scorpions . " ' . ' ¦ ' 7 ' ' '
Xegnolds's Political Instructor. . . Edi...
_xegnolds _' s Political Instructor . . . Edited by < x . W . M . _Reynolds . Part Hi . ' _London : J . Dicks , 17 , _Wcllington-streetNortli , Strand . . "Ometjjies success is deserved -without being achieved ; and—perhaps oftener— . achieved _without being deserved . it < most , Xkowefer , be acknowledged that the success which has _j _^ ded this pubHcation has "beendeserved . t is true that some of the , portraits . : of public _^ _"acters which have appearedinihe InslruC _' . 0 r cannot lay . claimto * praise _^ - hot in ' aH other
Xegnolds's Political Instructor. . . Edi...
respects the cheap and good _pennyworth' of political instruction sapplied by Mr . _Reynolds , mustbepronounced "aueice _^ ouable , and " well worthy popular patronage . The articles by the Editor , " Gracchus , " and "A National Reforinef , " are entitled to special commendation . "We give the following extract from an article by the Editor , on raDTkArtfa + li /\ _aIiahm a ** . 4 ' __* . J _-. -- ** - _^ _.-v- _—^ _j _.,..
_^ _TOTCASE OP THB JOUNETMBK TAIL 0 BS . Is it possible that the present system can last ? Look at the awful misery which prevails oh every side : look at the stern , substantial , unmistakable grounds which exist for discontent throughout the length and breadth of the land . What class of the industrial population is well off ? Not one . "Which section of the great community of workers can earn enough to live respectabl _y upon ? Not one . This i \ not a question in which a few thousands of individuals are concerned : it regards millions . The agricultural labourers are starving upon four or five shillings a week—the hands in the manufacturing districts are neither fully employed nor adequately p aid—the cutlers and Btockingers are
famishingthe miners are in a fearful condition—the needlewomen ' s case is a scandal to civilisation , and a practical refutation of-England ' s Christianity—the ooal-whippers may well envy " Russian serfs , and wish to heaven that they were ' slaves upon "Virginian plantations—the silk weavers are driven almost to tho very verge of desperation—and last , though hot least , the fraternity of journeymen tailors has been compelled to proclaim its wrongs in the face of day ! The system , then , cannot last . The few are too rich—the many too poor . A thousand pounds a week , enjoyed by some ¦ aristocrat , stand forth in awful contrast to four shillings a week , which is all that many a hard worker can earn .. An Apician
luxury on the one hand throws the famine-stricken table on the other into the saddest relief . Destitution is fast breeding desperation , for there are at this moment millions of human beings in the British Islands who are proclaiming to the whole world , by various means , that their condition cannot possibly be made worse by anything which may occur . In the name of heaven , then , let our rulers—let onr legislators—let onr philanthropists do something to meet the evil . It is useless to denonnce as firebrands and revolutionists those men whose only " crime "Is their becoming the mouth-piece of all that tremendous misery whereof I have just spoken . Would to God that these islands could to-morrow be blessed with such measures , and such an amount of
political reform and social improvement , as to render " agitation" utterly unnecessary , and turn Chartist halls into lecture rooms ! But such a consummation cannot be hoped for so long as the few shall arrogate to themselves the right of enslaving the millions—so long as the producers of food are penshingwith want , and the makers of costly garments are clothed in rags . Strange and unnatural condition of things ; and yet the man who dares denounce the system is stigmatised as a demagogue , pointed at as a bloody-minded revolutionist , and perhaps thrown into a prison as a rebel and traitor . But , after all , who are the real revolutionists ?—the men who proclaim the people's wrongs and demand their redress as a wise precaution- _^ or the men who
arrogantly declare that the people are contented and do not want reform ? A recent meeting of Journeymen Tailors at Exeter Hall exposed the frightful condition of no less than 20 , 000 deserving , industrious , hard-working men in theBritish metropolis . The first feeling which inevitably seizes upon the mind , on reading the appalling catalogue of wrongs , miseries , privations , and cruelties endured by those persons , is one of astonishment that human patience should be capable of stretching to such inordinate lengths . This is the system adopted : —A great tailor contracts with a middle-man for the work to be done . The average is seven shillings and sixpence for a coat . This middle-man employs a sub-contractor
at an _a-rerage of five shillings the coat ; and this sub-contractor gets a still more unfortunate being to make it for three shillings . Header , look into the newspapers and see who are the great advertising tailors . Those are the men who thus build palaces cemented with the blood of their fellow-creatures , and incrusted with the miseries of twenty thousand families ! Just calculate the enormous amount expended by those great clothiers in advertisements alone : one house lays out in this manner as much as £ 12 , 000 a year ; another £ 8 , 000 ; a third £ 5 , 000 ; and the others in proportion . These are facts which are well known to those who are initiated in the mysteries of the
metropolitan newspaper offices and who are at all acquainted with the financial details of the advertising system . Look at those enormous amounts , then , thus expended , —z . dd them to the interest of an immense capital sunk in founding these palaces of iniquity and horror , —add again the cost of keeping up those vast establishments—the numerous servitory—the plate glass—the g alaxy of _lights—the owners * _gorgeous style of . living ,-with carriages , livery-servants , festivals , and countryhouses , —reckon up all these items , and then ask whence comes the colossal income requisite to meet such demands ! From the flesh and blood—ay , the very vitals of the slop-workers and the journeymen tailors .
From two of the recent letters of " Grac _chus '' we give the following extracts : —
FREE TRAnEES A 5 D PROTECTIONISTS . Free trade , as taught and understood by the Cobdenites _, will never give to you freedom ; protection , as taught and understood by Tory squires , means robbery of the labourers for the advantage of the landowners : and financial reform , efficiently carried out to-morrow , would not materially relieve your sufferings—your real interests are neither comprehended nor thought of by these parties . It is at once pitiable and amusing to hear men talk _now-a-days about the adversity and prosperity ofthe times . The poor needlewomen , the journeymen tailors , Spitalfields weavers , and agricultural labourers , are starving—and we are gravely assured that these sad results are all attributable to Peel ' s free trade policy . In honest truth , journeyman tailors , Spitalfields weavers , and poor needlewomen ,
have often starved before Peel ' s free trade schemes were heard of , and every living man of sixty years of age , who trusts to his own memory , will tell you what we have just written . As regards the agricultural labourers , they have for many years heen increasing in numbers and decreasing in comforts . The factions are fighting ; it is a summons of death and a civil war without soldiers . An insurrection wastes much and gains little ; an invasion causes dread and sometimes conquest ; a civil war eats up the vitals of a state . The factions are fighting and ask you to enlist ! On one banner is free Trade and Financial Reform , to which is tagged a small bit of Chartism , which , by the way , hangs rather awkwardly . On the other banner there are written cunningly , " Protection to native industry , " which means the increased protection of landlords ' pockets first , and you may wait until your turn
comes . We may want protection to native industry . President Taylor has just sent us a hint from America ; that the Yankees are looking ahead , and he means protection . But whether we want protection or otherwise , it cannot begin with corn ; and if begun anywhere , it may never end there . The English landowners thought cheap silks an excellent thing ; so they thought cheap hats , cheap lace , cheap carpets , cheap fancy work-boxes , cheap Geneva watches , 4 c , and they have even tried their hands at cheap workhouses ( which last experiment , by the way , has been rather a costly one , the upshot of which is not yet understood ) . With increased rent and cheap- _, ened labour they have but few claims on you for support . We ask you to pause and consider your Eosit ion as working men . Meantime , take good eed ; what you do , and beware of Protectionist landlords !
Our merchant-princes , as they are called , have been gradually buying up the lands of bankrupt landowners ; in many cases entails have been broken by the holders and heirs-apparent of lands , to facilitate the transfer and sale of estates . These merchants and mill-owners are a very different class of individuals from either the old aristocracy or their degenerate descendents . They are not so literary in their tastes , nor so generous in their conduct , as the landowners of sixty or seventy years ago .:, neither are they so profligate and proud as tho foxhunting
sham aristocrats of later days . The merchant landowners are men of business , keen , calculating men , having a clear comprehension of buying and selling , and they will make profit of land that a now profitless , and fortunes from that which is now considered to be _waBte . It is an error to saythat the mere repeal ofthe corn laws will ruin the landowners . They were doomed to ruin , their fate was sealed , and . the measures of Sir Robert Peel , and the agitation of Mr . Cobden , have only accelerated their downfall . -. -...
These keen men of the counting-house settle all things by the rule of three ; and they are in the senate what they have been in the counting-house in both places they are sure of success , England is ' destined to be ruled - by them : they are in the ascendant , . and will rise higher and higher by every change that occurs in or out of parliament . What will this transfer of property and transfer of power do for you , the workers , the producers of wealth , if left uncontrolled , and uninfluenced by
increased intelligence , and the influence , of public opinion ? It will g ive you a change of mastersj in some cases , and in all a centralisation of power . Will it lessen your burdens ?—will it give to you increased physical comfort I These questions are easier asked than answered ; but we may , _jud g o , by what we have seen . Yisit Ashton or Staleybridge , in : Lancashire , and yon will there see . the kind of government you may expect for England if thiscenr tralised factoryand land power be not ' checked and influenced bv the increased intelligence andgrowing _,
Xegnolds's Political Instructor. . . Edi...
power of the produce " rs . ™* 'Ir i-- * _a 3 hton- ' and _' - : Staley _" bridge there is np law but the law ofthe strongest , ' money rules ; supreme ; , and some dozen , factorymasters have the control of a sinall hut _' thickiy populated , cantbh , which they rule as seems to theni besC . There , factories and dwelling-houses arethe property of the same persons ; andif a poor man owns a three-room tenement , left to him by his father or other relative , he lets it for half the rent he gives for a less commodious house , or , as we have often seen , he leaves it , locks the door , and pays a hig h weekly rental for a ; miserable hovel , the property of his employer .. Does a workman violate the law ? he is brought before a magistrate and punished—the magistrate being his employer . Does the magistrate violate the law ? there is no court of appeal . Money is all powerful ; such a vassalage is _^
cruel and humiliating . To make Eugland a great Staleybridge , is a consummation not devoutly to be wished . These Staleybridge factory-barons are aU for cheap government—so are you ; they mean lowpriced legislation , that they may pocket more gains ; you mean cheap government , in hopes that your taxes may be lessened and your physical comforts increased . Tou are right : have cheap tea , if you can by any means get it ; have cheap soap , cheap newspapers , & c—that is , untaxed tea , untaxed soap , and untaxed newspapers . But be not deceived ; take the taxes off all these necessaries , and have low-priced labour , your condition may be in a degree improved , compared with what it would have been with high-priced necessaries and low-priced labour . Bnt when you have gained all that the Financial Reformers desire , you will not have sained much .
Admirable Speech Of Mr. Kydd On The La.B...
ADMIRABLE SPEECH OF MR . KYDD ON THE LA . BOTJR QUESTION . OPERATIVE SILK WEAVERS * MEETING . A general meeting of the operative broad-silk weavers of London , was held on Friday evening , January 24 th , in the school-room , St . John-street , Brick-lane , for the purpose of hearing Mr . Kydd on the -all-important question of labour . The chair was taken soon after seven o ' clock by Mr . Hollis ( operative ) . ' The Chairman said , there could be no more important question to the labouring classes than the one which that meeting was assembled to discuss . They had had bitter experience that they were
falling in the scale of society , that their means of living were much diminished , and unless something should be done to alter their position , the most alarming consequences might justly be apprehended . He hoped they would give a fair hearing to erery one who might address them . Mr . KroDsaid , that he had attended that meeting , because he was impressed with the idea that the question of labour and the condition of the labourer were fit and proper subjects for discussion . He would not , however , have any one suppose that he was about dogmatically to lay it down as an axiom , that certain remedies must inevitably produce sudden results . On the contrary , bethought that England , like other nations , was destined to suffer much , both in its commercial and agricultural interests , ' aud most certainly the labourers
must continue to suffer for some years to come . He was anxious the labour question should be fully reasoned out . In the year 1830 , and again in 1848 , they had witnessed revolutions in France , and iu seeking for the causes , they would find them in the fact , that the labourers in that country were neither fully employed , nor fully paid . ( Hear . ) _ Hc was not going to ; argue that men should live without labour . Labour was natural to man . " Earn thy bread by the sweat of thy brow" was an old mandate , aud so was the other doctrine , of " the labourer is worthy of his hire . " Labour was inevitable to man ' s existence , for without labour there could be no property . Land and labour were the only known sources of wealth . Labour was the exercise of power for the productions of utility , and the labourer of a land had the first claim to a
maintenance . ( Cheers . ) He joined issue broadly with those who asserted that certain masses must always starve while other masses thrive . ( Hear , hear ) . Where the interests of the labourer were neglected , the bonds of society became loosened , as was evidenced by the agricultural fires in the south and west of England- some years ago . Those fires spoke trumpet-tongued , that until attention was Called to the subject , the landlord had neglected the farmer , and the farmer had neglected the labourers . In the manufacturing districts the evidences of the neglect of the labourer manifested themselves in riots . AU these occurrences served
to show that unless the labourer received a larger share of the honey the whole structure of society would inevitably tumble about their ears . ( Cheers . ) His object was to have a full and fair discussion as to what were the real interests of the labourer , and how those _^ nterasts could be best promote d . In the trade circular of Mr . Maudley , of Manchester , he spoke ofthe ascension and descension of the wheel of prosperity ; this bf course applied to the capitalist , for the ascension of the wheel was the _treadmiU of the operative , . while its descension was his bone-mill—a system compelling the labourer to excessive work to-day , and
leaving him to starve to-morrow . ( Cheers . ) They were told they were only _ entitled to gain as much for their lahour as capital could afford to pay them . He joined issue with those who put forth the novel doctrine that capital owed no allegiance to labour , and tbat all the relations of men were settled by the payment of a few metal coins . He was not the enemy of capital , but its friend . He railed against no improvement in machinery , but desired to see the affairs of men so regulated that such improvements should be of general , and not of partial benefit . And here he might remark , that he was a disbeliever in the doctrine so common in and
out of parliament—that to buy in tho cheapest market and sell in the dearest market , under all circumstances , was the highest law of commerce . Such a doctrine must be ruinous to thc labourers , who have everything to sell before they can buy anything , and of great gain to the capitalist , who can bide his time , and buy all things cheaply , and sell all things dearly . He repeated that he joined issue on the question , and could cite in his favour all those great men whose writings were considered to be axiomative . He had carefully read Adam Smith , for he would blush to argue the question of labour if he had not reasoned the matter fully in his own mind , both as regarded his own view of the interests of the labourer , and that taken by the political economists . Adam Smith : wrote as
follows *— * livery unliviuual is continually exerting himself to find out the most advantageous employment for whatever capital he can command . It is his own advantage , and not that of society , he has in view ; but the study of his own advantage , naturally , or rather necessarily , leads him to prefer that employment which was most advantageous to society , "' Man , it was said , always looked to his own interests , and in consulting those he consulted the interests also of his fellow men . If ( said Mr . Kydd ) this principle be invariably true , then all will-go well—there will be no misery resulting from its action . Is it so ? Let us inquire . Were the immense railway speculations of 1846 generally advantageous ? No ; they have entailed misery on
thousands , aud have been ruinous to tens of thousands _, let in these speculations every man was looking to his own interest . Let us take the case of the Irish landlords turning the tenantry off their estates . They believed that it was to their own ad vantage .. Has it been advantageous tb society ? They denied tenant-right to the farmers , while the farmers in turn denied the right to live to the labourers , and the result was the disorganisation of society ; and , while labourers were wandering with bundles of straw on which to sleep , with no other shelter than tho Heaven above them , the land exhibited docks and thistles where wheat formerly was grown . If the doctrine did not hold good in Ireland , could they possibly think it would
hold good in England . ( Cheers . ) " Follow your own interest and you will benefit the interests bf society , " was the creed ofthe political economists , but he thought he had shown it to be one calculated to loosen all the bonds of society . It was also maintained by Sir R . Peel and the political economists , that to buy cheap and sell dear was the highest principle of commerce ; but he . would tell Sir R . Peel that although it might be the highest principle of commerc it was the lowest in the scale of morality . ( Hear . ) It was a good principle for the wealthy classes in England , whoso property and lands where in the hands of . the few . They would frow richer by . buying labour cheap and selling it ear ,-while they ( the labourers ) would be ground
into the dust . ( Cheers . ) The doctrine meant that in this country the labourers should be worked liko serfs , and laid aside when done with—worked like horses in the streets when their lahour was required , ; and sent afterwards to the _i tan-yard . ( Cheers . ) There were boots , and coats , and shoes , out of number manufactured by the labourers of England lying still unsold . How was -it that so many of themhad naked backs and feet ? ( Cheers . ) If they produced , it appeared that they did not wear —( hear * _H-if they worked , they did not-enjoy the results of that work ; and if this state of things were to continue , they had better go back at once to a savage lifo .. ( Vociferous cheering . ) lie was not there to support' any party . " He was hot about
to enrol himself under General Bright , or General Ferrand , or General Cobden . It mattered little to him which party succeeded if all alike robbed , the poor , and grew rich upon the spoil , f Cheers . ) As regarded the silk-weavers , he called their attention to a document , published by . themselves . . It' was a bill tbbe presented 'to parliament , and from the statements in this bill ho found that their wages had undergone , j a . very material reduction . Ho found , on examining it , the following statement in the preamble : — "At and previously to June , 1824 , by the authority of an act , of parliament then repealed , a . uniform price of wages was " p aid by each and _ allmaster manufacturers in-Spitalfields , ' for each description-, of fabric . The average . weekly earnings ofthe operative silk weaver , in 1824 ,
Admirable Speech Of Mr. Kydd On The La.B...
under the act then _^ repealed , ' . takingthe : wholebody of the ; operatives- * employed ,,- partially employed , audunemnloyed _^ _was fourteen _ahillihgsand sixpence . Deprived of legislative ' regulation there is now no Means of -readily ; : ascertaining the ; ayerage weekly earnings ; of the whole body of the employed and unemployed operative silk weavers ; but _according to the best approximation to an _^ average which oan be mado in ' : Spitalfields , the average of the weekly earnings of the operative silk weaver is now ( taking the unemployed and the partially employed with the employed of those remaining attached to the occupation of' weaver ) , only 4 s . 9 d . _But this weekly average would bo much less if it included those who have gone to other tradesor who have
, become perpetual : _paupew . " Now , ho would ask them what was' the effect of all this ? He would ask if society had reaped a proportionate advantage to _ the evil of the reduced wages ? It was true , the aristocracy of the land and the ladies of England were enabled to have cheap silk , but had they given more silks to the weavers or more bread to their cupboards ? ( Loud cheering . ) Was not , in fact , the very name of Spitalfields' weaver a _synonyme for poverty * ( Cheers . ) What had : the weaver gamed ? If-they reduced his wages they necessarily increased his taxes and his debts ; ( Hear , hear . ) Another result of tho system was the in . creased employment of women and children . If they would have the word cheapness they must also
have the work of women and children ; and what was to become of the latter when they arrived at manhood ? They must work at similar wages , or not at all . ( Immense cheering . ) What , then , was the meaning ofthe doctrine of cheapness , but that the whole framework of society should be inverted —that instead ofa family being dependent upon the father , tho fa ther should be dependent upon the family—that instead of the wife being dependent onthe husband , the husband must be dependent on the wife , ( Continued cheering . ) The Chancellor of the Exchequer had the-means of calculating the probable imports and exports of the kingdom , but he had no means of calculating the vaBt amount of immorality which must flow from such a system .
( Loud chews . ) What the people required at . the hands of Parliament was a regulation of labour . On a former occasion Mr . Huskisson had said to them , " 'Prove your _oase . " What was the meaning of that ? It meant , " prove your case against society . " They were told , however , that the intorests of the few must give way to those of the many ; and , accordingly , away wont the silkweavers . When they were driven into poverty _^ they found it necessary , to buy as cheap as they could , and they accordingly swelled the ranks of the cheap theorists against the hatter . The hatter struggled , but was . forced to give way to the interests of the many also ; and ho likewise became an adherent to the doctrine of cheapness . The shoemaker was next
attacked , and afterwarks the cabinetmaker , and thus on ; each interest being separately attacked—each being in itself the comparative few —until one wide ruin embraced them all ; the many , in point of fact ,, having been at least really sacrificed to the interests of the few . ( Immense cheering . ) In the year 1824 , Mr . Brocklehurst stated that his house had employed 500 weavers , who manufactured 6201 _bs . of silk , to whom they paid in wages £ 370 , being an average of 15 s . per week , but frora which some deductions should be made reducing the average to 12 s . 6 d . In 1831 , they had also 500 weavers , to whom they paid only £ 171 , averaging from Os . to 6 s . 6 d . per week ; and they had manufactured 87 olbs . of silk . Some would say , from this , that the silk trade was prosperous , and tell them to see how the manufacturers had
succeeded . This was true enough ; but then the workmen worked a great deal more , and got a great deal less for it . ( Cheering . ) Mr . Kydd then proceeded to impress on the meeting the necessity of urging parliament to adopt some principle for the regulation of labour . It had , most laudably , passed the Ten Hours Bill—a great and god-like act—to protect factory children from being sacrificed to the influence of Mammon ; but they should ask that then * benevolence should not stop
there . Laws were the application of man ' s wisdom to man's wants . So said Edmund Burke , and they should go to parliament and ask for the application of the principle to their own case . ( Cheers . ) The question before them wa 3 not a question of _Toryism , or _Whigism , oi * Chartism , but a question of labour , the object being that the labourer should get a fair portion of what he produced—that the ox which treadeth out she corn should not be deprived of its share of the result . ( Loud Cheering . )
Mr . Brown thought one of the causes of the distress ofthe labouring classes was to be attributed to drink , and he therefore strongly urged upon the meeting the formation of temperance societies asaremedy . Mr . Fox said , that in the year 1824 Mr . Huskisson , in the alterations he had made in the custom duties , had laid the foundation of tho ruin of the silk weavers . So detrimental was that alteration , and so low had fallen their -wages that ,
in 1834 , he formed one of a deputation which waited * jpon Mr . Hume , for the purpose of soliciting liis aid ' in laying their case before parliament . Mr . Hume , who was certainly a very honest man , was opposed to these views . They assured him that unless protection was restored they must be ruined , and to escape starvation must seek for a repeal of the corn laws . Mr . Hume immediately replied that that was the object they had in view - ; they wanted to destroy all the weaker interests , in order tb make them all join in one body to demand a repeal
of tho corn laws . Ho was an advocate for some legislative interference for the regulation of labour . ( Hear , hear . ) Several other persons addressed the meeting to a similar effect , but our space will not permit ns to give their speeches . _, It was kite before the meeting separated .
Protection Meetings. Clevblasdtyorkshire...
protection meetings . _clevblasdTyorkshire . _TRiuMrn over ins protectionists , Stokesley , one ofthe largest towns in the district of Cleveland , in Yorkshire , on Saturday presented a scene of-unusual animation , by the holding of a Protectionist meeting ; in the large room of the New Mill . Great exertions had been made to secure the attendance of a large number of landowners and tenant-farmers , but the weather was very inclement , and the number of agriculturists was much less than had been anticipated . Placards had been posted in the district , and the attendance of all such persons as were favourable to protection to every British interest was requested , but at the time of meeting ( 12 o ' clock ) there was only a small muster ,
the meeting being chieny composea ot tree-traders . The proceedings were adjourned until half-past two , at which time there ' was a good attendance ; and several flags had been placed at the bottom of the room , bearing free , trade mottoes , and on one of them was inscribed the words " Peel , Cobden , and Bright for ever . " Some delay occurred in the appointment of chairman , but at length Mr ; John Richardson , of Langhorough , a . member of the Society of Friends , was proposed . His nomination , however , was opposed by , the Free Traders , although he was ultimately permitted to take the chair , Mr . Hutton , a printer and free trader , having explained that he would act impartially . —The Chairman made some rather lengthy remarks , the purport of
which was , that it was quite true the people wanted protection , but what they required was protection from unjust taxation ; and unless they could get that it was of very little use obtaining protection for anything else . He thought the suffrage ought to be extended , and that' * the great triple alliance" of the ' church , the army , and the navy , ought to be reformed . And he also was of opinion that they wanted protection against the irresponsible power of the magistrates in levying and expending the county money without the control ofthe ratepayers . —Mr . BigginB , a farmer , briefly moved , amidst interruption , a resolution , expressive of the opinion ofthe meeting , that the present agricultural distress is consequent upon , the adoption ofthe
principles of free trade in agricultural produce , and that it is impossible for the British agriculturist , unprotected , to compete with foreigners ; fettered as we are with heavy taxation . —The Rev . C . Cator ( rector of Stokesley ) seconded the resolution , amidst cries of " Down with your tithes , " he . —In opposition to this resolution an amendment was proposed by Mr . Button , to the effect that free trade so far had answered their expectations , and they earnestly prayed that rib alteration be mado as to the importation of grain .- —The Rev . W . C . Drano of Guisborough , seconded the amendment . —The two propositions , were then put to the rote , and there was a very , considerable majority in favour of the amendment . —Mr . Loy ( moved a resolution for a petition to be presented to her Majesty ,
praying that she would dissolve parliament , in order tbat the sense of the country might bo taken as to the best means , of avoiding threatened ruin . — -Mr . . narrison , seconded the motion , amidst much confusion and noise . —An amendment was proposed praying her Majesty to dismiss the present ministry , and to call men into the cabinet who would carry to a greater extent the principles of free trade and of financial reform . —Mr . _Downes , in seconding the amendment , observed ; that if the landlords of this country would , follow the example which had been set them by Mr . Lawson , of Boroughbridge , who had his farms revalued to suit present prices , they would enable their tenants to live by those . prices . ( Cheors . ) This ' amendment was also adopted , after which the meeting quietly dispersed . _., 7 . ¦ ,, ,, . , ;
; . " ¦"'.'' Oakham, Rutland. ; ' Onmohd...
; . _" ¦"' . ' ' OAKHAM , RUTLAND . ; ' OnMohdaya , Protectionist' meeting was 'held at Oakham ; the'High-Sheriff , J ; l'T '' Springthbi pe , in the chair . - Onthb platform i _^ wbro , Lord _; Burghley , M . P _.,-then p ., G . J , _jNoel , M _^ ,. _Mi \ ft . J . _lleathcot ? , M . P ; ,, and M _^
; . " ¦"'.'' Oakham, Rutland. ; ' Onmohd...
Gamdenmoved-the _-firstr-resOltitibnr-Aflrgr'briefly referring . to thestato of the labourer , _andstatin- _^ a return to protection duties to be the only real remedy for . the ; present distress ,.. 7 the hbbie lord moved the following resolution , which was seconded by Mr . Saville , a tenant farmer ; and carried unanimously : — " That it is the opinion of this meeting that the distress now existing amongst _agricuE twists , occasioned by the unlimited competition of uritaked foreign produce , is unparalleled for severity in the annals of British history , while those
connected with and dependent upon them for support are suffering privations alike unheard of and unknown at any former period , and which must result in the inevitable ruin of agriculture , commerco and manufactures . "—George Pinch , Esq ., then came forward to move the second resolution — " That it is the opinion of this meeting that the pernicious principles of Free Trade have completely p rostrated our West India *) and , hare severely injured our other colonies , and unless a timely remedy be applied they will ultimately lead to the dismemberment of our vast and valuable colonial
empire , while the destruction of our glorious merchant navy is threatened by the same unjust and ruinous policy . " — Mr . E . Wortley seconded the resolution , which was then carried unanimouslv : — Mr . fleathcote , M . P ., then proposed th » third resolution , determining upon petitions to parliament , to be presented to the respective ; houses by the Earl of _G-vinsborough and the Hon G . J . Noel . —The Hon G . J ; Noel seconded tiie resolution , which was carried unanimously . —Mr . Cheetham , a tenant farmer , proposed the fourth resolution , which had reference to advertising the proceedings of the meeting . After _touching on _s _« me more general matters , he went on to saythat in his leisure moments he could net helo _thinkm- ? that
phantoms of ruined farmers would haunt the sleeping pillow of Sir Robert Peel . Knowing how much ho was execrated , he really should think he must move about in fearand dread . ( Hear , hear . ) —Mr . Stafford , M . P ., seconded the resolution . He said , though he had often heard Mr . Villiers speak in plainclothes , he had never yet heard him in a court drew , - and it was astonishing what a change ' of coat often effeoted—as great a change sometimes as a turn of the coat —( cheers aiid laughter ;) aud he should not be the least surprised if Mr . Villiers was , ia colloquiallanguage , to" draw it very mild . " ( _Cheors and laughter . ) The only question was whether the land was to be kept in cultivation or not . ( Hear . ) They had hitherto , with some ungenial soil and always an uncertain climate , carried agriculture to such a pitch that they were not
ashamed to compare it with any other country in the world . So much for their agriculture . Politically we had so fashioned , so modified , so reformed our constitution that surrounding nations when they wish to lay the foundation of their own prosperity , never could do better than follow the plan which we had traced out . And ' as with the plongh , so with our political position . Where the plougbhad been there the plouge should go , and where our territorial interest had been powerful they should be powerful still , and they would not consent to abandon their lands to barrenness , or their interests to those who would destroy them . —The resolution was then carried unanimously , and after a vote of thanks to the sheriff , th _« meeting , whioh was said to be the largest that had been held in Ruthlandshire for many yeats , separated .
Swaffham, Norfolk. On Monday, Pursuant T...
SWAFFHAM , NORFOLK . On Monday , pursuant to a requisition to the high sheriff of Norfolk , signed by 3 , 000 persons , a very large meeting of the agriculturists of tho western division of this county was held in the Shire-hall at Swaffham . The High Sheriff ( Col . Mason ) took the chair . Lord Oxford moved the following resolution : — " That the condition ofthe agricultural , commercial , shipping , and industrial classes in all parts of the British dominions , is one of great anxiety and depression ; that this depression is daily increasing , and is calculated to arouse the most serious apprehensions for the future . " —Mr . Douglas Lynes seconded the resolution , but found it impossible to obtain a hearing , for a long time , there an .
peanngtobe a determination on the part ofthe Free Traders in the hall not to listen . He said it was the first time that he had appeared in public , and he thanked them for the kind reception they had given him , He would stand there until thoy did hear him . ( Great confusion . )—The Chairman seeing that it was impossible to proceed in the hall , adjourned the meeting to the front of the building . —Mr . Lynes then resumed . He contended that the labourer could not live without protection ; nor could the tenant-farmer do so . He hoped protection would be the first question that would be brought before parliament , so that they might test their representatives , and weed the wolves from the sheep . ( Cheers . ) The resolution was carried . —W . B . Smith , Esq ., moved the second resolution . He considered this was a poor man ' s question , for in these things the weakest always went to . the wall
first . ( Cheers . ) After them it became a tenantfarmer ' s question ; and lastly , the landlord ' s . He moved— " That this depression is owing principally to recent legislative enactments , and that nothing but a return to a protective policy can restore and ensure permanent prosperity to agriculture , trade , and commerce . "—Mr . Spencer , of Hitcham , seconded the resolution . The resolution was carried . —The Hon . H . W . Wilson moved the third resolution as follows : — " That an address in accordance with the above resolutions be presented to her Majesty , praying a return to a protective policy . "The Rev . J . F . Francklin seconded the resolution , which was carried . Petitions were then adopted \ 0 both Houses of Parliament , and it having been agreed that Lord Sondes should present the petition tothe Lords , and Mr . Bagge the petition to the Commons , the meeting separated .
Triumph Of Free Trade In The County Of B...
TRIUMPH OF FREE TRADE IN THE COUNTY OF BRECON . A county meeting , held at Brecon , on Saturday last , resulted ia a decision which protectionists would hardly have anticipated in the centre of an agiicultural county . The meeting had been convened by Colonel Pearce , the high sheriff , in pursuance of two requisitions—one from a small party of "fixed duty men , and tho other headed by Lord Hereford , and signed by about 1 , 500 persona , in favour of thoroughgoing " protection . " The large Shire-hall was filled b y twelve o ' clock , when Mr . P . Williams , an extensive landowner , moved a protectionist resolution , seconded by Mr . R . Williams , a wealthy yeoman . —Mr . J . Lloyd , of Dinas .
moved the following amendment : — ** That this meeting looks forward to a removal of the agricultural distress , not from a return to protection , but from thc extension of commerce , a careful revision and adjustment of local and general taxation , and strict economy in the expenditure of the state , '" The resolution was seconded by Mr . Parry De WintoiV , banker and landowner , and was carried by a show of hands , the high sheriff , though himself a strenuous protectionist ; declaring that the majority was duoidedly in favour of free trade . A petition in favour of economy and retrenchment , and any other means of relief " consistent with the retention of the existing restrictions relating to foreign imports , and strict justice to all the other interests of this great and poworful nation , " was moved by Mr , John Jones , chairman of quarter sessions , and seconded by the Rev . Hugh Bold , a county magistrate . The protectionists felt it of no avail to offer any further
opposition ; hut some of their number objected to its being signed by the sheriff on behalf of the meeting ; that officer , however , stated that he considered it his duty to register tho decision of the majority , and affixed his name to the document amid loud cheering . —Mr . J . Bayley , M . P . for the county , though he had spoken in support of the original resolution , professed his readiness to present the petition in' obedience , to the wish ofthe meeting . Thanks were then voted by acclamation to the high sheriff , and the meeting separated with three groans for protection . The result is peculiarly gratifying , inasmuch as it has not been produced py violence and intimidation , but was the consequence of nearly four hours' close and able debate in the utmost good humour , cheering being answered only by counter-cheering , and banter from the one side only calling forth jocular repartees from the other .
A Protectionist Meeting Took Place At Pr...
A Protectionist Meeting took place at Presteign on Tuesday , in the Shire-hall , pursuant to a requisition presented to the High-Sheriff , who presided , and there were about ' 500 persons present . Resolutions expressive of the alarm with which the meeting viewed the depreciation of every species of agricultural produce , which had followed the abolition of protection , and calling on the legislature to interfere , to avert the ruin which the adoption of free trade theories threatened to bring on the agricultural classes ofthe community , by re-imposing such a moderate amount of protection as ; would enable cultivators of the British soil to compete with foreigners in the home market , were proposed and carried in spite of the opposition ofa large number of Free Traders , who attended the meeting .
TnK Buckingham Piioteotionists had a meeting on Tuesday , in their Town-hall , for tho purpose ot discussing a dinnor , and denouncing , free trade . Several speeches of the usual character wore made , but the chief notables of the county sent apologetic letters , and remained away . The Duke of Buckingham ' s communication hold out a hope that he might attend the next meeting , and Mr . Disraeli wrote as _follows : —•* London , January 28 , 1850 . —It is impossible for me to bo at Buckingham to-morrow to
meet my constituents , but my 'heart is with them , and I am only detained hero by councils for their welfare . I have not even time to write a formal note ; to express my regrets , but I trust to your kindrbss to cbminurifcate them . It will always give ; nie sinoeve gratification to cb-opevatc with my . Lord Chandos . " , A lotter from Mr . Du Pre . complained of the shortness-Of the notice , but at ? _-the samo-time expressed his -most anxious 'de ' sirb to . _cb-operaW witn-that-most-excellent nobleman Lord'Ohandos _.-¦ ivitJ' ) - _-. ' - ¦; _-v-. . _••'» . ' _* :
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Unequal Oovebnments Are Necessarily Foun...
_Unequal oovebnments are necessarily founded in ignorance , and they , must bo supported by ignorance ; to deviate from their principle would be voluntary suicide . The first great ohject of their policy is to perpetuate that undisturbed ignorance ofthe people , which is the companion of poverty , the parent of crimes , and She pillar ofthe state . — Barlow . Ap aintek , _wno . had turned a physician , was asked why he had quitted his profession . " Because , " replied he , " my former business exhibited my mistakes in too glaring a manner , therefore I have now chosen one in which they will bo buried . " _ When thb streets , last week , were a perfect glazo of ice , a lady pedestrian in Piccadilly lost her balance and fell . A genuine son of the Green Isle , on assisting to raise the lady , exclaimed , " Faith , ye must bo a lovely good lady ; for don't tho Blessed Book teach us that it is the ivicked that stand on slippery places . "
Dr . _SiEVEtiiY , in an instructive paper on the hotblast furnace , states that of the men employed at this work , especially at the puddling furnace , not one ever lived beyond the age of 28 . At a printer ' s festival in Washington the following was a regular toast— " Woman—the fairest work of creation ; the edition being extensive , let no man be without a copy . " A Quack ' s Thboby . —Jaundice proceeds from many myriads of little flies , of a yellow colour , which fly about the system . Now , to cure this , make the patienttake a certain quantity ofthe ova
or eggs of Bpiders . These eggs , when taken into the stomach , by the warmth of that organ , vivify , and being vivified , of course they immcdiiitcly proceed to catch the flies ; thus the disease is cured , and I then send the patient down to the sea-3 ide , to wash all the cobwebs out of the system . TnE notorious American fanatic , generally known as " Father Miller , " who predicted tho destruction of the-world and the second coming of Christ in the year 1843 , and formed a sect of some 40 , 000 disciples , died on the 20 th December , aged sixtyeight . Records oi ? a Head-Dress ;—At the hall at
Nottingham ( says the Sporting Review ) , in honour of Lord Howe ' s victory ofthe 1 st of June , 1794 , amid the glare of diamonds ; pearls , and other jewels , ostrisch feathers and flowers , Mrs . Muster's headdress was , with admirable taste , a simple wreath , formed from a branch of natural oak * , three acbrris from this chaste and apposite appendage were , after breakfast the following morning , planted in presence of the company by the Countess Howe , on the lawn at Col wick ; all the acorns grew , were "tenderly cared for , " and are now handsome trees . The strength of government does not consist in anything within itself , but in the attachment of a nation , and the interest which the people feel in supporting it . When this is lost , government is but a child in powor ; and though , like the old government of France , it may harrass individuals for a time , it but facilitates its own fall .
Time io Begin . —At the Liverpool police court an Irishwoman , charged with an assault upon one of heir own countrywomen , palliated her conduct by saying that she never interfered until she was murdered with a poker . Base Coin . —A large number of half-crowns have been just seized by the authorities , and it is supposed that there are many more still in circulation . The principal ingredient in their composition is bismuth , and they are finished by electro-plating They bear date , Geo . HI ., 1817 ; Geo ., III ., 1819 ; and Geo . IV ., 1826 . Tho coin is one of the best
imitations ever executed ; and their ring is precisely thesame as the genuine pieces , thus making it necessary to be doubly cautious . A Turkish Propuect . —The Turks have a presentiment that their days are well nigh numbered , and on account of this they bury their dead on the Asiatic side of the Bosphorus . A book , which they regard as canonical and holy , predicts the downfall of the Western Empire four hundred years after its establishment , which period , reckoning in lunar years , the Mahomedan mode of computing time , will expire in 1853 . — -Scenes in the East .
" Ah ! Mr . Simpkins , we have not chairs enough for our company _? ' said a gay wife to her frugal husband . ' Plenty of ' chairs , duckey , but a little too much company , " replied Mr , Simpkins , with a knowing wink . The Brick Tax . —We know that it is the wish of most persons to improve the condition of the working man , and many plans have been mentioned as likely to do so , I know of no step so likely to do this as the repeal of this duty , as we know that most of the working classes are laudably anxious to have a house of their own , and would exert themselves every way to get one , which is proved by the number of building societies established amongst us . It would also benefit the ground landlords very
materially , by causing land now letting as grass land for £ 5 or £ 6 an acre , to be worth £ 50 or £ 60 per acre , besides the reversion , which would be the case if the cost of building was lowered , as it would enable" persons to make roadways to ground l y ing a distance from the public roads . Ic would also give scope to the enterprise of our industrious middle classos , and instead of calling upon them to leave the land of their birth to improve other lands , they mi g ht benefit their own . I ? we look at the tax upon bricks—a most important article , so far as the comfort and welfare ofthe people are concernedwe see at once how it operates as a check to sanitary improvements . The amount of duty runs as follows : — 1839 £ 459 . 66 . - 1 184 , 3 £ 335 . 464 1839 £ 459665 1843 £ 335404
, , 1840 o 09 , 704 1844 _40-3 _. Y 30 1841 436 , 841 1845 558 , 415 Use of Chemistry . —Among other experiments the powers of the bleaching liquids were exhibited . Soon after the exhibition , two of the old wives of Kilmany had the following colloquy . " Our minister , " said the one , " is naething short ofa warlock ; he was teaching tho folk to clean claes without soap . " " Ayt woman , " was the reply , "I wish he would teach me to make parritch without meal , "ffanna ' s Life of Dr . Chalmers . The President's Message . — " We are at peace with all the world , and we seek to maintain our cherished relations of amity with the rest of mankind . "
A Paper Devotjrer . —In the Bank of England no fewer than sixty folio volumes , or ledgers , are daily filled with writing in keeping the accounts . To produce these sixty volumes , the paper having been previously manufactured elsewhere , eight men three steam-presses , and two hand-presses , are continually kept going within the Bank ! In the copperplate printing department , twenty-eight thousand bank-notes are thrown off daily ; and so accurately is the number indicated by machinery , that to purloin a single note without detection is an impossibility . CnLOROFORM is now used for poaching purposes . A gamekeeper , a few days ago , took a man in Windsor Great Park , and found upon him five
rabbits apparently stupified . nis attention was next drawn to several p ieces of fern stuck upright in the ground , with pieces of paper attached to them , and it was afterwards discovered that they had been steeped in chloroform , and were undoubtedly the means by which he had entrapped his game . Thb Treatment of Chilblains . —In the earliest stage , friction either employed dry or with brandy , or camphorated spirits , is the simplest and best means ; when the parts have become red and shining , but before ulceration has taken place , the following application may be used with the greatest advantage;—Take camphor , one drachm ; essential oil of turpentine , eight ounces . Dissolve and employ as an embrocation . After ulceration has
commenced , the best remedy is an ointment thus made : —Take lard , ono ounce ; Goulard's extract , twelve drops ; extract of opium , three grains ; creosote , ten drops . Mix , and spread on old rag or lint , and apply to the sore night and morning ; a bread poultice to olean the wound may be occasionally requisite . — Family Physician . Lusus _Nature . —On Christmas eve a Mrs . Fletcher , of Stoney Ford , Derbyshire , was delivered of female twins , fully developed in every respect , and at their full time , but united together from their chest downwards . They were stifl born . How to Polish a Young Man . —We rend in a Sheffield paper that * ' tho last polish to a piece o £ cutlery is given by the hand of woman . " The same maybe said of human cutlory : tbat" the last polish to a young blade is given by his mixing with female soeioty . "—Punch .
A lecture was lately delivered , by a genius calling himself Porolok , at the Working Man ' s Hall , Keighley , to prove that tho world was not round , but flat like a pancake . Some of his audience asked him what sort of a fence there was round tho edges "Sham wk take a ' bus at Charing Cross ? " said a young Cocknoy , who was showing the wonders of the metropolis tb his country cousin . "O dear no !" _. said . the alarmed maiden , " I could not allow such a thing in so public a t horoughfare . ! , One of the sons of Bacchus , a resident m Montrose , furtively tapped a hogshead m an alley , the other night , and applied himself to the enjoyment of its contents , which turned out to be—liquid manuro ! Why is a dog ' s tail like tho heart of a tree?—Because it is farthest from the bark .
A solemn belief prevails in Russia that no Czar can reign more than twenty-five years in Russia , and next year is the fatal term . If you would have a faithful servant , and or . o that you like , serve yourself . Erasmus , who was of ii sickly constiution , ar _. d had therefore obtained a dispensation for eating flesh in times of abstinence , was reproached by the Pope for not observing Lent . " I assure your holiness that my heart isa . Cnthoi ' c . ono ; but I must-confess that I have a Luther aii stomach , " he replied . _..-. A man ; recentlytriod soft-soap to smooth" the harshness ofihis wife ' s tongue ; it took oh * .-, little of the roughness , but made it run . faster , .. and littlemoreglibly . _^ - ¦ ¦ "" ¦ •'* ' ¦ ¦•'• ' '! ; p . V 00 , _>| ftvVkA
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Feb. 2, 1850, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_02021850/page/3/
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