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AMERICAN AFMiKS.
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THE OREGON QUESTION. IHPWMATIC COBHB8POM...
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As Ino.v Sisam FmoAtE. — A most magnific...
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^ ' THE YARMOUTH 7 MURDER-. EXAMINATION ...
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SUICIDE AND ATTEMPTED MURDERS THROUGH DE...
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Another Large Bank Robbeiiy.—A package c...
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To tiik Operative Pi_.v3tei.eii3 or Ghea...
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Iiib Cape of Goon Hors.—We understand, o...
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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The Oregon Question. Ihpwmatic Cobhb8pom...
THE OREGON QUESTION . _IHPWMATIC COBHB 8 POM > BKCE BETWEEN THE BttlTISH AM * . _AJn _ WiCA _* S SOYEnXMEJiTS . The papers brought bythe Cambria contains thc whole of the diplomatic correspondence between the American and British ministers , upon the Oregon question . As this correspondence , if given entire , would occupy neatly three pages of this journal , we must confine ourselves to a statement of the chief grounds on which the claims of the respective parries are asserted and denied .
Ifc appears from the despatches of Messrs . Calhoun and . Buchanan , that the American government makes two separate claims . First , it claims the possession of the whole of the Oregon territory . This claim it founds on the fact of its having obtained from Spain , in the year 1819 , by the Florida treaty , a surrender of all Tights possessed by that country north , ofthe 42 nd deg . of N . latitude , and also in 1803 , by the _treaty of Louisiana , the whole of the territory in North America formerly belonging to France . Second , it claims an exclusive right to tbat part of the Oregon territory which is watered by the Columbia river , on the ground that Captain Gray , a Citizen of the United States , was thc first to pass the Ior of that river in the ship Columbia , of Boston , on the 11 th of May , 1792 , when he sailed twenty-five
miles ap it , and pve it its name Columbia , after his ship ; and on the farther ground , that one of the branches of the upper part of the river was explored by Lewis and Clarke , the well known American _travellers , in the year 1805 . They state that the consequence of that- exploration was the formation , in 1811 , ofthe settlement of Astoria , by Mr . -John Jacob Astor , the well known American merchant , which _settlement , after having been occupied by the British , during the last American war , was restored at ihe end of it , under the first article of the treaty ef Ghent , which provided that all territories , places , _andpossessions , whether taken by either party from the other daring the war , or which maybe taken after the signing of the treaty , excepting certain islands in the Bay of Fundy , should be restored without dehtv .
The British Ambassador first proceeds altogether to deny the claim of the United States to the possession of the Colombia valley , on the grounds of discovery and exploration . He contends that on thi *; ground the British Government can make out a ' better claim to the territory than the United States , and that the whole argument which the American Government founds on the discovery ofthe Columbia Hirer by Captain Gray is in direct contradiction to that on which it rests its claim to the / Est of the territory , namely , that Spain possessed an undoubted right to the whole of tbis territory , which right was made over to the United States by the treatv of
Florida in 1819 . lie maintains that if the United States Government is correct in asserting that the whole territory in dispute belonged to Spain at the time when Captain Gray entered Columbia River , then Captain Gray merely entered upon a territory which belonged of right te another state , and eould not confer any title on the government of his own country . He also contends that if at the time when Captain Gray mada Lis voyage the country belonged -neither to Spain nor any ono else , then Spain having
no right of her own , could confer none to the United States by the treaty of Florida . In reply to tha efforts are made by the Americas negotiators to show that though Spain had no right on this C 03 St in lfS 9 which eould prevent Captain Gray from establishing an absolute right to the mouth of the Columbia River and tie whole of the region traversed by its waters , yet that it had rights , founded on _thenndisjvated possession of centuries , authorising it to transfer the whole of the territory , the Oregon valley included , to the United States , by the treaty of Florida .
in discussing the claim of ihe United States to the whole of the Oregon territory , the American Government relies first on the rights obtained from France , by the treaty of Louisiana , in 1803 . On this point Mr . Golhonn says : — The cession , of Louisiana give ns . undisputed title west of the Mississippi , extending to the summit of the _Rjcky Mountains , and stretching sontk between tbatriverand those mountains to thc possessions of Spain , the line between which and ours was afterwards determined by the treaty of Florida . It also added much to the strength ofoar title to the region bepnd the Kocky Mountains , by restoring to ns the important link of continuity westward to the Pacific , which had been surrendered bythe treaty of 1763-1 a 3 will be hereafter shown .
In answer to this claim , Mr . Pakenham says : — The claim derived from France originates in the treaty of 1803 , by which Louisiana was ceded to the United States , with all its rights and appurtenances , as fully and in the same manner as they had been acquired by the French republic ,- and the claim derived Irom Spain is founded on tiie treaty concluded with that power in the year 1819 , wherebvhis Catholic Majesty ceded to the United States all his rights claims , and pr etensions to the territories lring east and north of a certain line terminating on the Pacific in the forty-second degree of north latitude . ' Departing from the order in which these three separate claims are presented by the American pleni potentiary , the British plenipotentiary will first be "
leave te observe , with regard to the claim derived from France , tbat he has not been able to discover any evidence tending to establish the belief that Louisiana , as originally possessed by France , afterwards transferred to Spain , tLen retroceded bv Spain to France , and ultimately ceded by the latter power to the United States , extending in a ivesteriv direction beyond the Rocky Mountains . There is , on the other hand , _ strong reason to . snppose that , at ' the time when Louisiana was ceded to tho United States , its acknowledged western bonndaiy was the Rosky Mountains . Such appears to bave been the opinion of _Pnsident Jefferson , under whose auspices the acquisition of Louisiana wa 3 ccomplisked . In a letter written by bim in August , 1893 , are to be found the folio wing words : —
"The boundaries ( of Louisiana ) which I deem not admitting question , are the high lands on the western side of the Mississippi , inclosing all its waters—the Missouri , of course—and terminating in the line drawn from the north-west source of the Lake ofthe Woods to tbe nearest source of the Mississippi , as lately settled between Great Britain aud the United States . " In another and more formal document , dated in July , 1807—that is to say , nearly a year after the return ox Lewes and Clarke from their expedition to the Pacific , and fifteen years after Gray had entered
tbe Columbia river—is recorded Mr . Jefferson ' s opinion of the policy giving offence to Spaiu bv the intimation that the claims of the United States extended to the Pacific ; and wehave the authority of an American historian , distinguished for the attention andresearch whicli he has _bestowed on the whole subject of tbe Oregon Territory , for concluding that the western boundaries of _Louisiana , as it was ceded by France to the United States , were those indicated by nature—namely , the high lands separating the watersof tke Mississippi from those failing into the Pacific .
Of far greater importance is the claim to the whole Oregon territory which the United States professes to bave derived from tbe government of Spain , under ihe Florida treaty . Oa this part of the subject the American negotiator says : — The claims which we have acquired from her between the Roeky Mountains and the Paeific rest on her priority of discovery . Numerous voyages ol discovery , commencing with that of _Maldosado in 1528 , and ending with that under Galiano and _Valdes 1732 , were undertaken by her _authoriiv , along the north western coast of North America . That tbey discovered and explored not only the entire coast of what is now called the Oregon * Territory , but still further north , is a fact ton well established
to be controverted at tliis day . The voyages whieh tbey performed will accordingly be _parsed over at present without being particularly alluded to , with the exception of tbat of Hecera . " liis discovery of the mouth of the Colombia River has been already referred to . It was made on tt > 15 th of August , 1773 —many years anterior to the voyages of MearesancI Vancouver , and was prior to CookV who did not reach tlie north-western coast until 1778 , The claims it gave to Spain of priority of discovery were transferred to us , with all others belonging to her , bv the tr eaty of Florida ; which , added to the discoveries of Captain Gray , places our rigbt to the discovery of the month and entrance to the mist and river beyond ail controversy .
Iu answer to this claim , Mr . Pakenham makes thc _following maarks : — Next « omes to he examined the claim derived from Spain . It must , indeed , be acknowledged that , by the treaty of 1819 , Spatndid convey tothe United States all that she bad the power to _dispovi <> f on t he ninthwest coast of America , north ofthe 42 _ i _* J parallel ol latitude ; but she could uot , by tlut transaction , annul
The Oregon Question. Ihpwmatic Cobhb8pom...
or invalidate the rights which she had , by a previous transaction , _acknowledgeu'to' belong to another power . _ , "' :. " , By the treaty of 28 th October , W 90 . Spamacknowledged in Great Britain certain rights with respect to those parts of the western coast of America not already occupied . . This acknowledgment had reference _especially to tho territory which forms the subject of the present negotiation . If Spain could not make good her own right to exclusive dominion over those regions , still less could she confer sueh a right on another power ; and hence Great Britain argues that from nothing deduced from the treaty of IS 19 can the United States assert a valid claim to exclusive dominion over anv part of the Oregon territory .
The answer of the American negotiators to this is , that the treaty between England and Spain in 1790 , was a mere temporary treaty which expired in the ye 3 r 1796 , when war broke out between tho two countries , and which has never since _beey renewed . This , Mr . Pakenham , on the partof his government , altogether denies , contending that the treaty in question was not a concession of favours , on tho part of Spain to England , but simply a recognition of rights which existed before the treaty was concluded . As this is tbe grand question on which the whole of this controversy turns , we give , inthe following extract , Mr . Calhoun ' s statement on the subject , together with Mr . Pakenham _' _s answer to it , and Mr . Buchanan ' s rejoinder . The two former will be both found embodied in the following extract from Mr . Pakenham ' s last letter to Mr . Calhoun , dated Washington , July 20 th , 1815 : —
In this paper it is stated , that "the title of the United States to that portion of the Oregon territory between the valley ofthe Columbia and the _Russian line , in 54 deg . 40 min . north latitude , is recorded iu the Florida treaty . —Under this treaty , dated on the 22 nd of February , 1819 , Spain ceded to the United States all her rights , claims , and pretensions to any territories west of the Rocky Mountains , and north ol the 42 nd parallel of latitude . "— " We contend , " says the Secretory of State , "that at the date of this convention , Spain had a good title , as against Great Britain , to the whole of the Oregon territory ; and , if this be established , the _question is then decided iu favour of the United States , " the convention between Great Britain and Spain , signed at the Escurial , on the 2 Sth of October , 1790 , notwithstanding .
"If , " says the American plenipotentiary , "it should appear that this treaty was transient in its very nature ; that it conferred upon Great Britain no right but that of merely trading with the Indians , whilst the country should remain unsettled , and making tbe necessary establishments for this purpose ; that it did not interfere with the ultimate sovereignty of Spain over the territory ; and , above all , that it was annulled by tbe war between Spain and Great Britain , in 17 _* JG , and has never since been renewed by tbe parties , tnen thc British claim to any portion of the territory wili prove to be destitute ot foundation . "
The undersigned will endeavour to show , not only that when Spain concluded with the United States the treaty of 1819 , commonly called the Florida treaty , the convention concluded between the former power and Great Britain , iu 1790 , was considered by the parties to it to be still in force ; but even tint , if no such treaty bad over existed , Great Britain would stand , with reference to a claim to the Oregon territory , in a position at least as favouratle as the United States . The treaty of 1790 is not appealed to by the British government , as the American plenipotentiary seems to suppose , as their " main reliance" in the present _discuaion _ it is appealed to to show that , by the
treaty of 1810 , by which ' * Spam ceded to the united States all her rights , claims , and pretensions to any territories west of the Rocky Mountains , and north of the 42 nd parallel of iaiitui _ e , " tbe United States acquired no rigbt to exclusive dominion over any part of the Oregon territory . The treaty of 1790 embraced , in fact , a variety of objects . It partook in some of its stipulations of the nature of a commercial convention ; in other respects , it must be considered as an acknowledgment of existing rights—an admission of certain principles of international law , not to be revoked at the pleasure of either party , or to be set aside by a cessation of friendly relations between them .
Viewed in the former light , its stipulations might have been considered as caueeiied in consequence of the war which subsequently took place between the contracting parties , were it not that by tbe treaty concluded at Madrid on the 2 Sth of August , 1814 , it was deckred that all the treaties of commerce which subsisted between the two nations ( Great Britain and Spain ) in 1796 , were thereby ratified and confirmed . In the latter point of view , the restoration of a _siate of peace was of itself sufficient to restore the admissions contained in the convention of 1790 to their full original force and rigour . There are , besides , very positive reasons for concluding that Spaiu did not consider the stipulations
ofthe Nootka convention to have been revoked by the war of 1796 , so as to require , in order to be binding on her , that they should have been expressly revived or renewed on the restoration of peace between the two countries . Had Spain considered that convention to have been annulled by the war ; in other words , had she considered herself restored to her former position aud pretensions with respect to the exclusive dominion over the unoccupied parts of the North American continent , it is not to be imagined that she would have passively submitted to see the contending claims of Great Britain and the United States to a portion of that territory the subject of negotiation and formal diplomatic transactions between those two nations .
It is , on the contrary , from her silence with respect to the continued occupation by the British , of their settlements in the Columbia territory , subsequently to the convention of 1814 , and when as yet there bad been no transfer of her rights , claim 1 , or pretensions to the United States ; and from her silence while important negotiations respecting the Colombia territory , incompatible" altogether with her ancient claim to exclusive dominion , were in progress between Great Britain and the United States , fairly to be inferred that Spaiu considered the stipulations of the Nootka convention , and the principles t ' aerein laid down , to be still in force . In tbe last dispatch published , which , is the one handed in to Mr . Pakenham , on the 30 th August , by Mr . Buchanan , the present American Secretary for Foreign Affairs , tbe following answer is made to the above argument : —
The second proposition of the British plenipotentiary deserves greater attention . Does the Nootka Sound convention belong to that class of treaties containing " an acknowledgment of subsisting rights —an admission of certain principles of international law" not to be abrogated by war ? liad Spain by this . convention acknowledged the right of all nations to make discoveries , plant settlements , and establish colonies on the north-west coast of America , bringing with them their sovereign jurisdiction , there would have _beeamucli force in tbe argument . But such an admission never was made , and never was intended to be made by Spain . The Nootka convention is arbitrary aad artificial in the highest degree , and is any thing rather than the mere
acknowledgment of simple and elementary principles consecrated by the law of nations . In all its provisions it is expressly confined to Great Britain and Spain , __ and acknowledges no right whatever in any third power to interiere with the north-west coast of America . Neither in its terras , nor in its essence , does it contain any acknowledgment of previously subsisting territorial rights in Great Britaiu , or any other nation . It ia strictly confined to future engagements , and these are of a most peculiar character . Even under thc construction of its provisions maintained by Great Britain , lier claim does not extend to _yfant colonies , which she would have a right to do under thc law of nations , bad tbe country been unappropriated ; but it is limited to a mere rigbt of joint occupancy , not in respect to any part , but to the whole , the sovereignty remaining in _absyance . And to wliat kind of occupancy ? Not separate aud distinct colonies ,
hut scattered settlements , intermingled with each other , over thc whole surface of the territory , for the single purpose of trading with the Indians , to all of which the subjects of each power should have free _uecass , the right of exclusive dominion remaining suspended . Surely , it cannot be successfully contended that such a treaty is " an admission of certain principles of international law , " so sacred and so perpetual in theii * nature as not to be annulled by war . On the contrary , from the character of its provisions , it cannot be supposed for a single moment that it was intended for any purpose but that of a mere temporary arrangement between Great Britaiu and Spaiu . The law of _uations recognises no such _principles in regard to _unappropriated territory as those embraced in this treaty ; and the British plenipotentiary _iuu-t fail in the attempt to prove that it contains " an admission of certain principles of international law" which will survive the shock of war .
But the British plenipotentiary contends that from the -jilence of Spain during the _negotiations of ISIS _ktwe-j-n Great Britaiu and the United States respecting the Oregon territory , as well as " from her silence with respect to the continued occupation by the British of their settlements in ihe Columbia territory , subsequently to tlie convention of 1814 , " it may fairly " bis _inferred that Span considered tin _.-stipulations" of the _Nootkaeouvvutuin , ami theprineiplns therein laid down , to be still in force . " Tiie undersigned cannot imagine a ' case where the _obligations ofa treaty , once _extinguished bv war ca : _i be revived without a positive agreement " to tliis offset between tiie parties . Even if boUi pr _. _riie-s after the esnehi _. ion of peace , _sJ . ouid pericrn positive anu uii' _-qnivocal . lots in _at-cavia * _sce w ' _-th its _IirevDsioss , tao = e must be construed as merely ' volun-
The Oregon Question. Ihpwmatic Cobhb8pom...
tary ; to be discontinued , by either at pleasure ; But iu the present " case , it is not even pretended that Spain performed any act in accordance with the convention of Nootka Sound , after her treaty with Great Britain of 1814 . lier mere silence ia relied upon to revive that convention . The undersigned asserts confidently , that neither by public uor private law will the mere silence of one party , whilst another is encroaching upon his rights , oven if he bad knowledge of his encroachment , deprive him of theso rights . If this principle be correct as applied to individuals , it holds with much greater force in regard to nations . The feeble may not be in a condition to complain against the powerful ; and thus the encroachment of the strong would convert itself iutoaperlect title against the weak
. - 'ii . _• • Itun _. In the present case , it was scarcely possible for Spain even to have learned the pendency of negotiations between the United States and Great Britain , in relation to the north-west coast of America , before she had ceded all her rights on that coast to tho former by the Florida treaty of 22 tid of Feb ., 1819 . The convention of joint occupation between the United States and Great Britaiu was not signed at London until the 20 th of October , 1818—but four months previous to tho date of the Florida treaty ; and the ratifications were uot exchanged , and the
convention published , until the 30 th of January , 1819 . Besides , the negotiations whicli terminated in the Florida treaty had been commenced as early as _December , 1815 , and were in full progress on the 20 th of October , 1818 , when the convention was signed between Great Britaiu and the United States . It does not appear , therefore , that Spain had any knowledge of tbe existence of these negotiations ; and even if tins were otherwise , she would have had no motive to complain , as she wns in tho very act . of transferring all her rights to the United States .
The above is the great point on whicli the whole of this question turns . Mr . Pakenham ' s arguments have not convinced the American government , nor will Mr . Buchanan ' s convince tlio British government . In this difficulty there arc only two courses , the one the arbitration of an impartial third party . the other war . It will be seen from the following correspondence , that the British government has invited the American government to adopt the just , peaceful , and honourable course of arbitration , and that that government lias refused it .
MR . _PAKESUAM TO MR , CALHOUK . Washington , Jan . 15 , 1845 . Sib , —I did not fail to communicate to her Majesty ' s government all that had passed between us , with reference to the question of the Oregon boundary , up to the end of last September , as detailed in the written statements interchanged by us , and in thc protocols of our conference . Those papers remain under the consideration of Iter Majesty ' s government ; and I have reason to believe that , at no distant period , 1 shall be put in possession ot the views of her Majesty ' s government , on the several points which became most prominent in the course of the discussion .
But considering , on the ono band , the impatience which is manifested in thc United States fov a settle ment of this question , and on the other , the length of time which would probably be still required to effect a satisfactory adjustment ofit between the two governments , it has occurred to her _Majeety ' _s government that , under sueh circumstances , no more fair or honourable mode of settling the question could be adopted than that of arbitration . This proposition I am accordingly authorised to offer for the consideration of the government of the
United States ; and , under the supposition that it may be found acceptable , further to suggest that thc consent of both parties to such a course of proceeding being recorded by au interchange of notes , thc choice of an arbiter , and the mode in which their respective cases shaU bo laid before him , may hereafter be made the subject of a more formal agreement between the two governments . —I have the honour to be , with high consideration , sir , your obedient servant , R . Pakemmm . lion . John C . Calhoun .
MS . CALHOUN 10 MB . PAKBXIIAJIf _Department of State , Washington , Jan . 21 , 1815 . Sin , —I have laid before the President your communication of the loth inst ., offering , on the part of her Majesty ' s government , to submit the settlement of the question between tiie two countries in reference to the Oregon territory to arbitration . The President instructs me toiuform you , that . while he unites with her Majesty ' s government in the desire to see the question settled as early as may
be practicable , be cannot accede to tbe offer . Having all other reasons for declining it , it is sufficient to state that he continues to entertain the hope that the question may be settled by the negotiation now pending between tlie two countries ; and that he is of the opiniou it would be unadvisable to entertain a proposal to resort to any other mode so long as there is hope of arriving at a satisfactory settlement by negotiation ; and especially to one which might rather retard than expedite its final adjustment . ,. .
I avail myself of this occasion to renew to you the assurance ot my _distinguished consideration . J . C . Calhoun * . Tbe Rigbt Son . R . Pakenham , & c .
As Ino.V Sisam Fmoate. — A Most Magnific...
As Ino . v Sisam _FmoAtE . — A most magnificent iron steam frigate , built expressly for the royal navy , was launched on the Mersey , on Tuesday , from the yard at North Birkenhead . This is the first large vessel of war ever built on tbe shores of that noble river , and , therefore , a few particulars respecting ber may be interesting . Her dimensions are as follows : — Length between perpendiculars 210 feet . Breadth within paddle-wheels 37 $ feet . Ditto outside ditto 001 feet . Depth of bold 23 feet .
Tonnage ( carpenter ' s mea 9 urcment ) ... H 00 tons . She will be propelled by paddle-wheels , and the engines will be of 560 horse-power . The engine-room , magaiine , and shell-room are all protected by iron _eucasements . The upper deck is flush , and of great area , and there are two other decks below , thc height between which is ample . This One vessel was , by command of the Admiralty , christened " The Birkenhead . " Her armament will be two 96 pound first guns , one forward and the other aft , and four 68
pounder broadside guns ; so that witli the aid of hev steam she will prove a formidable opponent to any adversary . The launch took place exactly at twenty minutes past eleven , aud the ceremony of christening was performed by the Marchioness of Westminster . There were present , in addition to her ladyship , the Marquis of Westminster , the Earl of Wilton , Sir Philip and Lady Egerton , Sir Edward and Lad j Cust , Mr . Irland Blackburn , M . P ., and a host ofthe principal gentry in South Cheshire . The Admiralty was represented by Captain Black , R . N .
_Dbstruction op a LAn _» B Mill sear Kknoal . — On -Saturday night last the neighbourhood of Kendal was visited with a severe gale of wind and rain , which effected the almost entire destruction ofa very large and extensive mill at Scar Fort , near Kendal , the property of Messrs . G . and J . Braitbwaite , manufacturers , which was in the course of building . It appears that the roof ofthe building , which was composed of massive balks of wood supported by iron pillars , was not entirely completed , and the hurricane tore away some ofthe yet unfinished , and probably not effectually fixed , beaiu 3 , and they fell with a dreadful crash , leaving the bare walls standing ,
which were mnch damaged . The force of the shock may in some measure be estimated by the fact that mauy ofthe ponderous beams of wood were smashed in several places , and the iron pillars were likewise broken to atoms . What renders the circumstance more extraordinary , is that the building is . almost surrounded by a mountainous rocky precipice , and that no other property lias been destroyed in the neighbourhood . From the extensive character of the building , and thc romantic spot in which it is situated , it has been tbe resort of great numbers of people from the neighbourhood ; and when they paid it a visit on Sunday last , tbey were astonished at seeing only a heap of ruins .
The Convicts _osder Skntkncb op _Djutji . —It has at length been finally arranged that the execution of the two unhappy criminals , Martha Browning and Samuel Queunell , who were convicted of murder atthe last session of the Central Criminal Court , shall take plaee on Monday next ; the former at tiie usual spot in front of the gaol of Newgate , and the latter ou the top of the Survey county gaol _atHorsemongerlane . Within the last few days a petition has been sent to the Home Secretary by the relations of Quennell , praying for a commutation of the sentence on account of the state of his mind ; but as there did not seem to be any evidence or facts to warrant the conclusion tliat liis mind was affected , an answer was returned from the Home-office , stating tliat the case was of a character as would not warrant any interference on thc part of thc authorities with tlte sentence of thc law , aud that it must , therefore , take its course .
_Delicatb Affair . —A circumstance of a very distressing nature has occurred in this city , and will ere long meet the public eye . A few days ago tiie daughter of a highly respectable citizen , who is connected with a public establishment in tiiis city , was married to a gentleman , a native oi" Galway , and after the ceremony proceeded with h ' uu to France ; but the previous marriage of the gentleman with a . lady , by whom he bas children , transpired after tilCll ' departure , aud the Ullliaupy _parents of the deluded _-iri have been obliged to resort to the laws to punish the oftendcr and vindicate their respectability . For tin ' s purpose a warrant litis been issued for his _apprehension , and police constables followed him to France . The informations were sworn in the College-street i _' oiicc-oliice , but their precise contents , and nil the _ireumst-inee-i attendant upon this most hcart-rend-: ' ug ease , must for tbe present remain _uureveak-d , — Siuinder ' s JS ' ews Letter .
^ ' The Yarmouth 7 Murder-. Examination ...
_^ ' THE YARMOUTH _MURDER-. EXAMINATION 6 * YARHAM . . ,, , Yarmouth , Dec . 29 .-Sincethe _annrowceawntot Yarhnm ' _s apnrehension a variety ot circumstances have transpired tending to throwlight upon this ¦ extraordinary murder . In consequence ot astatement mm bv Mrs : ]) iok _, _allegingtlmtshehhahada _wnvcrsati 0 " with Yarham in which he admitted a guilty name pation , indeed that he had inflicted the wound that teminated the existence ofhis victim , the _magistrate _rfthobircmghdetemS _^ resnectto any ulterior proceedings that might , bo icmi ? red to satisfy the ends of justice . . Their great difficulty arose upon thc following point :-whethei Yarham , having been originally , included in the ndictment and subsequently admitted as evidence tot
Urn c own , could be afterwards indicted as a prinoi-Sl Mr . Holt , the clerk to the bench of magistrates , prepared a case for the opinion ot . the Attornoy-Geaeral . which that learned gentleman returned to the following effect .-that the fact of a man having been admitted approver was no bar to an utter prosecution as a principal , if it could be proved satisfeetoriW that Uo broke faith with the prosecution , and did not reveal all tlie facts within Ins knowledge . _Uoon the receipt of tbis opinion a warrant was placed in thc hands of Captain Loyo , tlio _sitperiiitcndent of police , who , _accompanied by Serjeant Coleman . proceeded in search of Yarham , who was anprehended in tho manner already announced . He was brought to Yarmouth on the following Sunday mornin " and on Monday was remanded until this
, day when the magistrates met in a private parlour afc the gaol for the purpose of again remanding lum . It may be remembered that Mrs . Dick , in her sworn information , stated that a conversation took place between herself and Yarnham , three weeks after the trial , whereas it can be proved , by reference to the _parish books ,, that on the 22 nd of April Yarham received the sum of _^ 3 from the parish to enable him to quit the town , and also that he saiied for'London the following day by the steam-boat , a fortnight after thc trial , and not three weeks , as stated by Mrs . Dick . This woman ' s statement is most extraordinary ; and , from its extreme improbability , is very generally discredited in the town . At
tlio same time no reason can be assigned why she should fabricate a tale which , if . not f ' uily proved , must involvo her in serious _consequences . She has recently become connected with a sect denominated Ranters , or Primitive Methodists , and not _unfrequcntly travels on Sundays a distance of twelve or fourteen miles to preach . Yarham had authorised his father to give his address to any person in an thority requiring it . The following letter to his father and mother fully corroborate this assertion , and shows the state of the prisoner ' s mind , and the line of" defence he will probably adopt , should the magistrate determine to send him for trial . Tho letter is a verbatim copy * . — " December 1 , 18 * 1 . 5 .
"Dear Parents—We received your welcome letter , and wnsglad to hear that yon were all as well as could be expected under thc circumstances , though you did not send us word thc particulars ; but yesterday week , Nov . 29 th , I received a newspaper and letter from Sarah ' s sister in Chatham , and ou looking over it I was thunderstruck to see a long paragraph of a _cciifcsswa that I was said to make to Mrs Dick , previous to my leaving Yarmouth , in fact , three weeks after the trial ; when at the same time I was not in town but a fortnight , and can truly say that I never saw Mrs . Dick after the day I came down in the train from Norwich . _Bu-s it appears some persons have nothing else to do but to invent lies , aud whoever it was that are so _ba-. eand wicked , I wish that the Almighty would strike them dumb , and then we should be able to discover who are our friends and
who are our enemies ; but , however , it is no use wishing that . I should think their own conscience , for knowingly _^ inventing a lie , is sufficient to punish tliem . But let them say what they like , bless the Lord , lamas innocent of that , as the child unborn , and the reason that 1 did not wish you to tell or let my address be known was uot on account of any guilt , buttbat my enemies and yours should not know * as 1 believe somo of them would glory in letting my employer know , or anybody else ,, when they could annoy me by so doiug , and tliat is the reason I have not wrote to anybody besides you and Sarah ' s sister , and her only once . Tell Mr . and Mrs . Freeman tlie reason I have not wrote to tliem , but if they know my addres 9 , I should Jike to hear from them at
any time , but not to keep it from anybody that is in authority , as I have written to Mr . G . Palmer , Mr . Crifande , and Mr . Kemp , some time since , anil about the railway tliere is , one from London to ( xJoster and it is sixteen miles from GJoster to nie , and there , is a mail coach runs through every night , and a van every Saturday , but I cannot s _» y much more . Thanks be to God our health is as usual . I have got a very comfortable master , * ho is a member of the Baptist Connection . We attend the chapel with him . Give our love to all . -If any body ask you where I live , tell them close to Gibralter , as there is a hill close to
us called Gibralter , and tbat won ' t be a lie . Remember us to all enquiring friends . I know that James is in the habit of going to old Bick ' s , in Swan-street ; ami lean prove that he was one ofthe worst enemies we had , for what she told Sarah ' s sister you would not credit ; and that is where a certain vagabond got most ofhis information from . * but enough of that , they have got to answer for themselves before a higher tribunal than any earthly one . I must conclude with our love to you all ; and believe we te remain your affectionate son and daughter . "S . andS . Y . " " Address as usual . "
" P . S . I wish you ali a happy Christmas and a prosperous new year , if the Lord see so fit as to spare us , if not . may we be found prepared for a place above . When you write send the name of the new mayor . Write soon ; and let mc beg of you not to make your selves uncomfortable , and prepare your mind for anything that may be said , for you may depend upon it there will be many reports raised until tlie truth comes out . " ' > . Yarham conducted himself before the magistrates with the utmost composure . His personal appearance remains about the same as when he appeared in court at the time of the trial . Tho public wili be admitted to hear the next proceedings .
Suicide And Attempted Murders Through De...
SUICIDE AND ATTEMPTED MURDERS THROUGH _DESTITUTION . On Tuesday afternoon , Mr . Wakley , M . P ., held an inquest at the Ben Johnson , Great Wilde-street , Drury-lane . upon thc body of John Grainger , a blacksmith , _aued 27 , who committed suicide , and attempted to kill his wife and brother , under the following distressing circumstituces : — The jury viewed the body of deceased , which lay at No . 0 , Lincoln-court , in a room wretched in tiie extreme , and completely destitute oi * furniture .
A-me Grainger , the wile of deceased , quite a young woman , and far advanced in oregnaney , examined * . The deceased , herself , and his brother , lived together . Her husband was out of work , and all tliey had to live upon was what his brother earned , which did not exceed Cs . a week . On the Saturday preceding his death they lay in bed all day as they liad notliing to eat . During that week he attempted thrice to cut her throat and his brother ' s while asleep . His brother leaped into the street out of the window to save his life . . Her husband thon endeavoured to hang himself . Last . Cliristmas Eve he got a quarter day ' s work , for which he was paid two shillings . When he returned home he exclaimed , " All I have are two shillings , and I owe my rent .
They will turn us out . What will become ot yau \" She endeavoured to comfort him , but in vain . About r . ine o ' clock at night he took his brother with htm to purchase , as lie said , two ounces of . salts , but would not let his brother go into the druggist ' s shop with liim . lie returned home iu three minutes , and _getting two cup 3 he diluted the half of one package in each cup . lie then laid to witness , " I am going to take somo salts , I have got an ounce for you , and an ounce for myself . It wiil do you good . " lie drank off his cup , and fastening the door , seized lier , threw her on the bed , holding in his baud au open vaxov , and exclaimed , " I am not going to leave you for any
one after 1 die . " Sho implored of him to spare her life , and called for help , when he said , " If you _orient , I will dash your brains out . " Witness at length released herself from liis grasp , and succeeded in opening the door and procuring assistance . He , however , pulled her ' back and kissed her , after which he made an ettbrt to snatch the remainder of the poism from the landlady , but she threw it into the lire . A doctor was sent for , but he was a corpse before his arrival . They were in tho deepest poverty . The last article sho pawned was her apron fov sixpence , aud she liad to borrow tlie dress in which she then appeared . The poor creature during her _evidence was in a paroxysm of grief .
Coroner : Why did you not apply for relief to the parish ' . The law will not allow people to starve . Rugby , the summoning ollieer , said , tliat if her husband had no work , or even half employment , tiie parish would have relieved liim . Examination resinned : Her husband was an exceedingly sober , hard-working , steatlv , voung man 'I bey never quarrelled . Thrice iu ou ' e night , whilst ' ut _ot-cmploy , he drew a razor across her throat , aud on one occasion he drove nails into the door to bung himself . She ascertained that he had binHit t ot oxalic aeid
wo ounces , instead of salts , wtli a portion of which he poisoned himself . Richard Grainger , brother of deceased , was next examined , aud confirmed the last witness ' s evidence . Aitiioug . i lie was _ssventeeu years of age , so stinted in his growth and so poverty-stricken was he , that _U-4 _-Appv-AYcd to be not more than twelve _ycill's of iVJC . iii ! was sueh a picture of squalid misery as lo lun ' - rd ' v both coroner and jury , lie said that his brother bad been struck upon the head with a hammer two years ago , and that ever since he had complained ot a pain in it .
Deceased ' s landlady gave lum , his wife , and lireiii ' . _'i- a most excellent character . Verdict , " Insanity . " 'file Coroner and jury raised a subscription to . wards tho ' relief of the wretched woman ; nd _hei brothci-iu-law .
Suicide And Attempted Murders Through De...
HAPPY ENGLAND . Ejf _t'JiBHB _Dfisrmmo . _v . —Late on Tuesday night , Mr . Bedford , tho cor oner , concluded an inquiry at the Three Elms , St . AnncVstreet , Westminster , on the body of Henry Nioholls , aged two months , lhe painful details elicited at this inquest excited the surprise and commiseration of every ono who beard them . The jury viewed tho body , which presented all tlie appearance of a skeleton , from its extreme attenuation . Ruth Finch , a married woman , stated that she lived with her husband at a Jod _£ _ing-hou-te , 37 Old Pvc-street . There were six beds in the room , occupied by married and single people , among whom were the father and mother of the deceased . Mi * . Lavies , of Groat George-street , surgeon , observed that not only were beds let in this way , but he believed a part of a bed could be bad . The witness
said it w _.-ts so . On Christmas night the mother of the child called to her that it was ill , but she said it coiild not be so , as it cried so loudly . About six she called to her again , and then thc child seemed dying , anp it soon after expired . No medical aid wns sent for . Emma Nioholls , the mother , said on the 17 th of November she was committed to Westminister Bridewell for a month for begging , and the deceased was then but tliree weeks old . Tliey were both very ill at the time , but had every attention paid to them by Mr . Lavcr in the infirmary . Since she came out , which was on the 17 th of Deceniber , she had neither lasted meat nor porter , her husband having been committed for four months for rescuing a prisoner . The jury said it was no wonder the child was a skeleton , when it or the mother had not common necessaries . Tha
mother said she had very little milk , i . nd gave the child bread aud mi'k and * ugar . She had applied to the parish , but tliey would not assist her . A former child had died in St . Martin ' s Worhhouse , Mr . Lavies said he had no doubt the child had died from debility , arising from the want , on the part of thc mother , of common necessaries , lie had no reason to think tlic child had been ill used . Verdict" That thc deceased died of atrophy ( debility ) caused by tho mother wanting the common necessaries of life . "
The Dwellings' of tup . Poon . —On Tuesday Mr . Wakley , M . P ., held an inquest at the Duke of Clarence , Battle Bridge King's-cross , upon Harriet Jones , aged two years , whose parents reside in Weller ' _scourt , and who was burned to death during the temporary absence of her grandmother . Upon thejury returning , after having viewed the body , the foreman , _addrcs-ing the coroner , said , I hope , sir , you will do your duty . —Coroner ( witli surprise ) : What do you mean ? I trust that I always , at least , endeavour to do my duty . —Juror : My brother jurors and myself hope that you will draw public attention to the " disgusting condition of the hole in which thc family live . We had to descend to it , and could not enter it vitlioutstooping . The interior is tvnly horrifying .
The flooring appeared to be common' earth ; and in thesame vo 8 _in _» which was quite damp , and the window of which had not n . pane ofgla _^ _sj to exclude the inclemency of the _wcatiter , we round an ) lss living with human beings . —Coroner ; The place is truly revolting and sickening . I am sure that few imagine that such a hovel exists in London , yet I have met with hundreds woise than even that . 1 understand that a railway is likely to do away with all the miserable dwellings in that court—Juror ; At all events the press should g ive publicity to the wretchedness of tlie poor . _beings inhabiting the hovels in Wellcr ' _scourt . Verdict " " Accidental death . " _MlSKRAULE _COSnillOX OP-HUXDRKDS OF _ClIILDRES ix Loxdo . v . —At the Mansion House , on Wednesday ,
three boys , the youngest of whom was eight years , and the eldest twelve years of age , wero brought before the _L'ird Mayor . They were in a miserable plight , and a gentleman who saw one of them commit a petty theft caused them all to be apprehended , in order to have inquiry made into their apparently desolate condition . The case proved to be one of ordinary occurrence . The boys were all the children of very poor parents , who arc probably unable to support thein , deriving a _precarious living for themselves from vending articles * in the streets . It was stated by the children that as they bad nothing to do they walked about together , and their parents wore , God knew where , all day endeavouring to scrape up the means of getting a bit of bread , and paying for the
wretched room in which they contrived to live . Fifty such cases have been brought before the present chief magistrate . The Lord Mayor said it was most deplorable to see these poor children iii the road to certain destruction . It was a disgrace to the great nation , which boasted of cnarity taking within its comprehensive grasp the distressed anil afllicted of all classes , that the streets should be crowded with poor half-naked children , who had ho human being to guide them , many of whom were sent out by their parents to beg or steal , and others , without .-parents or friends , prowling about disregarded by the officei' 3 of the unions , and , in fact , encouraged ' in tho practices of poverty and vice by the depraved people with whom tbey necessarily eame in
contact in the course of their wanderings . Mr . Goodman ( the chief clerk ) said that- although he had been but a short time in the situation he held he had seen an infinity of cases of the kind . There appeared to bc no approach to an abatement of the evil , which wiis certainly one of the greatest magnitude . The new poor-law did not meet the difficulty . That law punished parents for refusal or neglect to support their children , but how easily were its provisions evaded . Children would , when their parents were looking after a livelihood in thestreets , wander about from place to place , and fall in with bad associates , and it could not be said that their parents _refusei or neglected to support them . But those who were bound to carry tbe law into effect , by compelling the
parishes ofthe pour to support thon , did not perforin tlieir duty . The City of London union had no refuge for the miserable creatures who crowded into London , except at Peckham , a distance of three miles , to wliich they were sent at all hours , with tickets ol admission . The Lord Mayor said that ho would supplicate the powerful press of the metropolis to lend their great assistance in checking tlie dreadful evil , by calling thc attention of the legislature to it . Of all the painful spectacles he had ever witnessed , that of the crowds of helpless children with which the streets were deluged was the most afflicting . Multitudes of them were , he knew beyond all doubt , sent out to beg by their parents or other relations . They were thrown upon the world at the age
when the mind was flexible to any impression of good or evil , and they wero imperceptibly led into the commission of crime , until repeated acts rendered them incorrigible . Society thus became responsible for the contamination to which poor children were subjected . There was a total absence of restraint or good example , and ' the very ingenuity displayed in the little acts of dishonesty perpetrated by those of tender years was encouraged by the laughter , and in some cases by tho approbation , of the lookers-on . There was no calamity in his mind comparable to that which sprung from the bringing up of youth in practices of idleness and vice . The Legislature spent hours and days in discussing the principle of education . Could tbe minds of the representatives
of the people be more admirably , more _benevolei . tly employed than in devising the -means of correcting the awful evil which was always before the eyes ofthe magistrates , and was almost as frequently encountered by men concerned in the ordinary transactions of town life ? lie was convinced that a blessing would wait upon any effort of the kind he suggested , and again he _wouldbeseech the influential press of the metropolis to take the important question into their hands , for the sake of common humanity . What could he do , as a magistrate , in the case before him ? Commit , these three children for stealing a few peas ! Were they persons to be sent
ior trial to the Old Bailey ? His heart revolted at the thought , for bis heart bled for them , and the thousands of poor young creatures who , like them , were without protection , and going headlong into ruin . Mr . Goodman said he had no doubt that publicity would be given to his lordship ' s observations on so vital a subject , and that some benevolent , high-minded mnn would apply to the Legislature , by whom alone a remedy could be administered . Thc Lord Mayor acknowledged the receipt of a . £ ' 5 note , No . ULH 7 , and dated 11 th of November , 1 * 3-15 , J . J ., for the poor applicants at the Mansionhouse .
Suicide And Attempted Murders Through De...
_# _- , _ _,, _rfl , _>^ , , . y _ . _/^* v _^^" _- " '" ** *»~ _-v THE SOUTH _STAFFORDSIIIUE HINERS . The South Staffordshire miners held a delegate meeting on Munday , December 29 , to elect a delegate to tlio furthcoming conference , to be held ut _Ukstoti , « . the liouse of Mr . Charles Hill , Horslcyfields , Wolvi-rhuiHj > toii , Delegate * were present from Uioxwieh , Tipton , Wolrer . _Iminpton , Wedncsiield , Heath , and JJilstou . Mi * . l'it » y in the eliair . Mr . James Ulakewiy was duly elected to conference . At tlio close it was agreed that the next delegate meeting of the miners be held at Mr . _Mortiboys sign of the Little Swan , Harsleyfields , Wolverhampton , on Monday , January li , at eleven in the forenoon . Joux Jones , Deputy _Secretary , _T . S . I nm told you have rejected the mimra' reports beforctime , which I am doubtful ; but , if so , I must have a word with Mr . O'Connor .
( John Jones must possess no little assurance to Iiava been capable of penning the above _pustserijit , UB hag been " told " we have rejected " miners' reports . " Have we lvjeeted any report he has ssiit ? If not , what cause ior _c'omplaint lias he , nnd why should he repeat the gross untruth he has been " told _] _"' We request John Jones to act with more sense i ' or the Future than he shows by his iiisultiug threat to " have a word with Mr . O'Connor . " Wc are neither school-boy nor apprentice , and we know , and can perform , our duiies , without the meddling interference of John Jones . ]
Another Large Bank Robbeiiy.—A Package C...
Another Large Bank Robbeiiy . —A package containing 20 , 000 dollars , in bank bills , notes , checks , & c , Delimiting to the Suffolk Bank , Boston , was stolen on Friday morning from Mr . Monson ' _s stage , on tho route between Waltham and Boston . A reward ofoOO dollars is offered for its recovery and the detection of the robbers . —Philadelphia _Zedyir , December V ) . iMlSEUM _ U _ DSUJSIOK ASD _SCASOALOVS ExilIBlTlOX . —The Millerite delusion in New York is leailiug to the most infamous practices . In Greene comity , at a village a few miles back of Catskill . a enmnaiw nf
Miiieritcs , consisting of various ages and both sexes , a . few weeks ago , in expectation of the immediate end of the world , concluding that clothing was no longer necessary , shut themselves up together in a s . ate of perfect nudity lor several days _together . Tlio discovery was made by the neighbours , through one of the young women , without a particle of clothing , being seen to go to the well for a pail of water , and the poor deluded creatures could not be induced to resume tlieir apparel tiJi the _atUfmritics of the place interfered and compelled tlicm io do so . These fact-save _stateiVnpon authority , tho Sim s : iys , the most unquestionable .
Si-Din * . ** Di ' . vru ' ix ax Omnibus . —On Wednesday evening Mr . Bedford held an inquest at the Black Horse , Bedfordbnrv , on the body of Thomas _Seantlc-Imi-y , a _ : c-ll , late stud groom to Mr . Tattersall , of llyilo-park-corner and Willesdon Paddocks . Tho deceased had complained of a severe pain iu thc region of liis heart for some months pnst , am ) , on Sunday morning , he got into an omnibus in Cheapside , to go to St . _George ' s Hospital . On the arrival of tlio vehicle at Charing-cross , lie suddenly fell from his seat to the bottom of thc carruwe . He was assisted out in an insensible state , and taken to tlie Charingcross Hospital , but lite was quite extinct prior to h . _s arrival . Dr . Golding attributed his death to the sudden rupture of a blood-vessel of the heart . Verdict _—Natur al death _.
_ - ^_ _. __Lt /Lit _Su-K,\*.-_L»F- *' Cratoe*''. Jhobement^
_ _- _^_ _ . __ lt / lit _ _sU-k , \* .- _ l _» _f- * ' _Cratoe _*'' . _jHobement _^
To Tiik Operative Pi_.V3tei.Eii3 Or Ghea...
To tiik Operative Pi _ . v 3 tei . eii 3 or Gheat Britain asb Ibixamd . —At a general meeting of the opera tiro plasterers of Manchester , _hel'l at the Railway Inn , Deansgate , on the Cth of December , 1845 , it was unani . mously resolved , — " That a meeting of delegates _ti-oui all parts of the united kingdom be called for tbe purpose of effecting a more efficient organisation among the operative plasterer ., than at present exi 3 ts ; and that a corresponding committee be appointed to carry this object into effect . " We , therefore , as the committee appointed for that purpose , beg earnestly and affectionately to call the attention of our fellow workmen to this subject , as one of tlic greatest importance to our general welfare , and a _subject in whieh all are deeply interested . _Tna wonderful results that have proceeded from union need
scarcely be enumerated here , for , with many ot thesesuch ns railways , and other gigantic undertakings—you are already sufficiently acquainted to perceive that the spirit of the age we live in demands anion and concord , whenever ' anything worthy of notice is contemplated Union is strength— -division is very weakness ; .-.-nd all who are not sufficiently advanced to act in accordance ivith Mm spirit and necessity of the times , must be con . tent to _dwindln into insignificance , or pass it . to oblivion , while the prompt nnd energetic alone will be able to secure _ihemsslves any real or permanent advantage . In addressing you , we speak as to brethren having a common interest and end in view . Our object , therefore , is that , as brethren , we may more fully know and uuderjtatid each other ; more fully sympathise with , and assist
each otlier ; that we may , in fact , b * enabled to do good fov and to < . acU other , and injury to none . We would carefully abstain from Maine and harsh imputations upon any oue , either employer or employed , as measures and not men , have to be considered , and in proportion as we submit to the dictates of wisdom and prudence , so tar shall wc be deserving of the' countenance and support of all good and intelligent men , who , whether employers or workmen , will soon perceive that their interests are ideutieal _, and cannot be separated without injury to both . While we fully nliirm that our present position as workmen is not what we consider right and desirable , we ivould seek the cause mainly in ousselves ; for it' our past efforts have only been ofa local and trilling
character , it Li but reasonable to expect that only trifling and insignificant good could have been effected thertby . Let us , therefore , put away the weakness of our boyhood , and , assuming tbe position ef men , we may justly expect to be treated and acknowledged _a 3 such , i ' or it is only when we truly respect ourselves , that we need look for respect from others . All who are wishful for the accomplishment of this object will please to correspond with J _* r . James Gourley , Jfo . 1 , _Fletcher-square , Brook-street , Hulme , Manchester ; relative to sending of delegates to the general delegate meeting » t * plasterers , to be held in Manchester , on the 24 th day of February , IStG . —Waliak Palmer , President , James GowtiKr , Secretary _Gilbert Macbeth , Sous _Dtcsissos , _RicUAnn Kn , Er .
To TUE UOW . 1 E &* or E . nolasb akd _Waies . —We be to inform you , that there are , at present , upwards of two _iiirsoBLn colliers now on ar juke in Wigan , and more thus that _uumbir in other places in Lancashire , FOR WAOls ivhieh every workiug man ought to have , and may , if he will _tftke proper steps to obtain it . Some of our masters have their agents prowling about tbe country , seeking meu to till up our piaces while we are ou strike—they only want you to assist them in tlieir dirty work . Wc hope you will not be led astray by tliem—we hope you will watch them , for tliey are as cunning as foxes—they will tell you that they have some new pits to start , but have uo men to work iheiu—tbey will tell you this , aud make you very fine pvomisus , all for tbe purpose of leading you from your homes , and a * soon as their old men will go to
work tor tliem , at tlieir master ' s terms , you , who have been tlieir tools , may then go where you thiuk proper for what they care . Jfow , we hope you will take timely warn _, ing , mid not be deceived by them , but stop at homo and endeavour to obtain good wages on your own native soil . Some of our masters say that they can have plenty ofmen from Wales , Derbyshire , G _) 03 tershire , and other places , to work , at any priee , but we hope _bettei things of themwe hope tliey will not disgrace their country and their name , to be tools for tyrauts , for if they do , the . villbrin ™ poverty , degradation , want , and misery upon tlieir own heads , and many thousands beside . "We again advise you not to be deceived by foul pretenders . — We remain yours , on behalf of the committee of the Wigan district , Jous _Uebrv , secretary ; James _1 _'kice , agent to the asl sociation . Wigan , Dec . 23 , 184-5 .
Katiosal United Tbapes Association for thf Ew . r-LOTHENT or Labour . — President : T . S . Duncombe , M . P . Since our last report , the Protective Society of _Coaehniakers , meeting at the Bivd-in-Haiid , Long-acre have taken out forty shares . They have also denounced their determination to attach themselves to the United Trades' Association for tb _» Protection of Industry . Glasgow " Justice "—" _Sailoes axd Cbihps . "—Mb , Editor , — ru the 10 th sec . of the Act Sth and Oth Tic . _^ chap . I 1 C , it is enacted , " That if any person shall demand or receive from any seaman , or otlier person , otliw than the owner , part owner , master , orshi phusband _, or person iu charge of _» ui « el \ am-sliip , or vessel , any remuneration . wlmterer , either directly , or indirectly , for and on account of the having , supplying , or providing of any seaman , he
sliall forfeit and _pay a sum uot exceeding live pounds . " _Xow , ou the tith \ iit ., I raised an action against a crimp named 1 'Iett , of the firm of Boyd , ? lett , and Boyce , alias Barney Devius , for charging a seaman , named Smith money for sh . ppi . ig him on board the Earl Balliousk Smith proved on oath the threats held out to unship him ' if he did not pay tlio amount _damanded . Another _seai man , named Clark , proved on oath , that lie saw some silver money paid by Smith to the crimp , Plctt , at the time libelled , and also , * added , " I paid 2 s . myself , and 5 s . more for whiskey , extorted from me by Flett and his associates , before tliey would deliver the usual advauec notes to me . " This latter statement , however , was not
admitted as evidence in Smith ' case , and the justices thought the case not sufficiently proved . You will understand , that Clark did not hear the demand , he being at the door of the ofliee , but distinctly saw some silver money paid . This , in my opinion , should have been sufficient to have proved the conviction . One swears that the money was demanded , and he paid it ; the other saw it paid , still no conviction ; the ease was quashed ! It * that bo the way our sailors are to be " protected , " Sir George Coekburn ' s good Act may as well bd thrown overboard . Pray tell me , Mr . Editor , is tliere no way of bringing this violation , or fostration , ofthe laws before tl e Ilouse of Commons . —J . S . _Tildes , Glasgow [ No ; we know of no appeal from such tyranny . —Ed . N . § . ]
Iiib Cape Of Goon Hors.—We Understand, O...
_Iiib Cape of Goon Hors . —We understand , on sood authority , that lier Majesty ' s steamer Resistance is to return to Monte Video as soon as she is refitted and is to carry the 45 th Regiment to the Cape of Good . Hope , its original destination before it was diverted to another purpose by Mr . Hamilton We are informed , also , that Air . Hamilton is recalled . — . Ut > _rni » o Chronicle . _Fihk _neau Wnusx Court . — On Saturday last lire broke out on the farmstead of . Mr . Turlev of _M-U'tlcy , about fivt- miles from this place , and which has totally destroyed all tho outbuildings on the farm flic five broke out at about six o ' clock in the even ' insr i _ i a stablo adjoining the fold yard , which wis quickly enveloped in flames . Expresses were immediately sent off lor tiro engines , ami at seven o ' clock two engines ( the PhaMiix and the Birminsham ) arrived trom Worcester , and the liouse engine , kept at \ Utlej _; Court , also arrived at about the same time . I he waul was at this time blowing " great "uns "
, and it was soon apparent that nothing could save tlio range of buildings ; accordingly the efforts of the firemen were directed to the preservation of thc grain ricks in the rickyard , whicli was near at hand , and these were mercifully saved , the wind blowing in a contrary direction . The whole of the farm _out-WtWungs , " nowever , ( tho house was near the _rickyai _*<_ , and sale from harm ) were totally destroyed , with tlie greater part of their contents , in the barns was a _larsjc quantity ot * cider , the produce of the present year's growth of _fhiit on the farm , and as tho lire caught the barrels _thcy'burst , and it is computed t hat nearly thirty hogslieads of excellent cider bas been lost . Tlte lire illuminated the country for many miles round , and when at its height , exhibited a grand and awful spectacle , the Haines roaring , and tbe ( lakes ofliro flying along the fields foi * a _COflSlderiiWe distance . It was not totally burnt out till Sunday morning . Tlie origin of the fire assumed at
lirst a mysterious appearance , and some dark hints at incendiarism were thrown out , but we believo thero is no ground at all for tliem , and that the fire w _* s purely accidental , and uvo & e i _« follows , —A short time before the lire was discovered , one of the boys went to tlte _sttMe with a _lijrhtod _candle to _lot-k after die horses . It is very _reasonably supposed that while so occupied a" spark fell amongst the looso straw , and smouldered there _unpcrccivcd until after hi * left the btiikl ' mg , wheu it broke out into active _tiaiue _.
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Jan. 3, 1846, page 6, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_03011846/page/6/
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