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TlfcE 5NO^^«ERN STftiR:. Apbii, *3, 1847...
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'$> $ATl'- >SAL CO-OPERATIVE BENEFIT OCiiOClETY , AND PROVIDE!? r IKS firUTIO:, E3 EiTESDlSG OVER THE UNITED KISGLOIL
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GLEANINGS IN THE PACIFIC
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For the following " {-leanine*** " we. a...
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Balloox Ascent—On Mondny afternoon Mr Gy...
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. OBSERVE,
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THE NORTHERN STAR 8AT0RDAY, APRIL 8. 1847.
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THE POOR LAW AND THE LAND. We point the ...
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f ******* * *** ****i^a1^psm****** * ***...
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PARLIAMENTARY KEVIEW. After nearly three...
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The discussion on the Poor Law gave occa...
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The Army Enlistment Bill has conslituted...
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The Geivernffipj)? have redeem'-d odc- p...
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
Tlfce 5no^^«Ern Stftir:. Apbii, *3, 1847...
_TlfcE _5 NO _^^« _ERN _STftiR _:. Apbii , * 3 , 1847 .
'$≫ $Atl'- ≫Sal Co-Operative Benefit Ociioclety , And Provide!? R Iks Firutio:, E3 Eitesdlsg Over The United Kisgloil
' _$ > _$ ATl _' _- > _SAL CO-OPERATIVE BENEFIT OCiiOClETY , AND PROVIDE !? r IKS _firUTIO :, E 3 EiTESDlSG OVER THE UNITED KISGLOIL
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I _EnroUed pursuant to tlie Friendly Societies Act . Pittron . —Tnottis AVaklev , M . P . _KrijDireeters . — Mm . 'ks . P . _M-Gsakt , T . Cum . G . Bohe . Se < Secretaries . —Edkcsd 3 * c _« . weioi > , Tbohab wticoa . _Imtdtondm Cfficcs ,-6 % _Dean-street , Soho . and 2 , little Valeplace , llarornersinith-roa'i . _ . . Beiiik . —The national Lind and Labour Bank .
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_*?< - _rWdedhv Edmund Stallwood , _"" -t _^ - ' Xs _" _totJtothe _. VcrHrrn Sur , and district secretary to _> tlie an _fiontionarCiw _* . crarive Land Company , _iondon office , 83 . Dea Dean street . _Solrn . , _jheaeeof F F « . r thebenefit of persons of b _* . thsexes , from _ _»« W « & MS 5 S _* 3 fi ! SB »« S _^ * U 1 _-tsbott .- Bank the _^ _. _^ _" _^ T _^ _^ ted in Landfor S" rr _^ _tSSfwt advantages of this the _« f' _* _S »! 1 _•**« benefit _wfcBfa , » tn « P _ _P" * _-l" ° * _"Jr m 0 tt , al advancement of its members . ¦ 5 L _2 L la . * _S _* , _teleS _^ _lKes derivable are in accordance to to half the benefits in E * x months .
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A GOOD FIT WARRANTED . AT thejrreat _westcTi : ar , pcrium , l , and , Oxford-street Ubsdclland C < i ., practical tailors , are now making a _' _bea-utt'W stf . t of _suiierfi-ne black for £ 3 lps any size ; _fplendid waterproof over coatsinhdeto order for 29 s each ; and youths superfine suits for 546 . Tlie above home is the cheapest and best ia London , for black cloths i _. f _evtryde scriution , » sraaybese < n by _severalLoneloadaily papes ef last July , September , and November . - 3 d Omnibuses to and from the 'City , stop atthe establish ¦ ment every minute ofthe dp . y .
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IMPORTANT TO EMIGRANTS . _AGRICULTURISTS Mid others may _rarchr . _-. o 151 ACRES OF RICH TIMBERED LA' _* T > IS "WESTERS _VIRGINIA , _tfescrit-ed by General Washfagton < M the Garden of America-, for £ 2 $ 8 s . 8 d . Sterling , ABOUT THREE SBILLIX 6 _* S PER ACRE . £ 2 Vis only to be paid down , the remainder in FIVE A _*** "UAL _FATiSESTS . For further information apply to CdAULES WILI . MER . American La-ad Ofiice , STANtrl _ECILSIV _46 , BATfl STREET , LIVERPOOL . Of whom may be h id a Pamphlet on Emigration , in which these Lands are fully described , aud t ! : e terms of sale explained , hy sending _tiiree postage stamps to free the same .
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TO TAILORS . How readv . THE WSROS ASD PARIS _f-PRiyG ASD SUMMER FASHIONS for 1 S 4 _"" , Iy BENJAMIN READ and Co ., 12 , _Hm-t _^ trcet , _Bloomsbury-square , Loudon ; and by G . _Berber , llaly _wcll-streei , _Siraiid , London . May be had at 12 , Hart-street , and of all bochsel ' ers v . _hereso-« ver residing , a Splendid Print , _rictily coloured , and ex-< _pris * _te ! _y executed * . iew , Hyde-park garden * , as seen from Hyde-par ! . - , London . Villi this beautiful print frill be sent Press , Frock , and Riding _Co-tt Patterns , the _Ktweet _Styte < 3 hesterfield , aad the Sew Fashionable Double _Uivasted _"IFaistcoat , witb Skirt ? , tbe method of reducing and in . creasing them for all sires explained ia the most simple manner , with four extra plates , aud ( fan he easily performed by any person ; manner of making ap , _and afall description of the Uniforms as now to be worn in tho Royal Xavy , and other information , price _leiE . or post iree , lis .
Ad00415
IMPORTANT TO l nOTOG _** . _iP * _T' _** . _** TS . AX application was made on the 5- ? id J * < r _; _-. n " aer , to the _Tiee-Chsne-elior cf £ _nstar _.-i br . < i , _Iter . Td ¦ who , acting under 3 mostextraordiny delut ' i j . _i , e _* i > n « iders himself the . « . _*> * < j * afc » _ti-e of _taa _PlKitosravdi !? « » rj-e _« s Mo restrain MIL _ESEUTOX , *> i " 3 , Trar , ! i--fi _** i , _* . - u 3 < 3 US , "Ficei . st . -vet , rom tikisj . 'rhot £ ij * _Tjplii 3 Ft . »* tJ . uts , which he does by 3 _process' entirety dinerest i " _ro" » _jed very saye-rior to Mr . Beard ' s , and at one-half the _cJ . _- rge . ' His Honour _refold the application in Pj . c . _Se » _licence required t > pra _' _.-t-ee _t ' ris ; r . '> : _**! _w . _wTiic _" : is _tatV't't hy iSr . tgerton lu a _f-w _Isssonsat _n _nwde-. _-ate _cbari-fc-Al . tho _^ _Apprratcs , CIiem _' -ca ]* r , & c . tc TeH had _asvusl _* tb * s D' » _or . . ' , _Ten-ple-ctreei , _iVtiiaWiir _* _-.
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_# - _* _* . ' , _^\ efe WEST RIDIXQ OF _YORaSDIRE . _SrillSG SESSIONS , -feT . _VTOTICE IS HERSUY GIVES , that the Spring i \ General Quarter Sessions of the Pf ace _iur : ; . e West Riding < jf the County « f York , wiil It _holdtu ' at _In-vtej * ACT , on * _r- > i . ! lai' . tic Fifth day ¦ - _/ April ;« . ; - ; . - on which day the Court will h :- _optued at _Elt _* . o = _.-scio-Sn ofthe Forenoon , aad on every tueeceding day at Viae _o'Cle-A . Prosecutors and _\ Vit _* _icsscf 211 _Pnsecuaor . _s ! _' : js ; be in _tttendauw , in the fol ' owin _*; crdtr , \ h . : — _T 2 :.. se i « FeJ « i _* y , fioni ihe divisions ti * S-. r . _i-trjrth and Tickluil , Lower _Agbn-rr , B _rkstonask , Staincross , and Ossoldcrots , at the < . ; . ia " i _«* _c-f tie Coun on Monelay _Murni'ig . Those from tho divisions o ' . U pper . ' . •' - , >' _,. £ , * \ o _* . _* 3 » y and Skyrerk , at Oue o'Olockat . _\* oon mi Mcndaj . _Tlwe from the divisions of Stalin * _ttV ; . nd Ewerofs , Claro and the Ainsfy -hAns Hi _remainder of the West Riding ) , and those in sM castt ut" ulsd < -u * , ca »« r , on Tuesday inon . ing . The Grand Jury _nJJI be recju ' re " " !• . _ztt _^ r . Gai ihe _openicg of the _C-mrt on il-. _id-iy , when they w « a te iB _. meaiately sworn _aaO charged , and a : t « ir :: _i'd- ; _moti . as hy counsel will be held .
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_^ JUST PDBLISUED , _^^ •¦ _" ' - _* ' Ho . 4 , ( piico 6 d . ) of ' VTHB LABOURER , Monthly _Jlagarine of Politics , Literature , Poetry , 4 c
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So . II . is reprinting _andwillbe ready next week . Letters ( pre-paid ) to be addressed to the Editors , _H rest Windmill Street , Haymarket , London . ¦ Orders rewired by all agents for tho "Northern Star , " . and all booksellers in town and country . .
Ad00419
PART III . APRIL 1 st , 1847 . Price Seven Pence . HOWITT'S JOURNAL _« F LITERATURE AND PROGRESS . Edited by Wilium and li * . **? HowiTi - . _, The Monthly part for March contains Four splendid Engravings by W . Measom , and J . W . Linton . Portrait of George Sand ; John Pounds , the Founder ofthe Ragged Schools , amongst his Schol rs ; Coming Spring , a Landscape ; Portrait of Jenny Lind . The Literary Articles are by the following writers : — John A . Heraud _; Silverpen : _R . H . Home , Author of _"Orionf ElihaBurritt ; Abel Paynter ; William _llincks , F . L . S . ; Dr Carpenter , F . R . S . ; Hans Christian Andersen ; Edward Youl ; Henry F . Chorley : Gobdwyn Barmby ; Dr Bowring , M . P . ; Richard Howitt ; Mary Gillies ; William Bridses ; Frane _* is _Hennoch ; Mary Howitt ; William Howitt , etc . London : Published for the Proprietor , at 171 , Strand , and sold by all Booksellers .
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Now Ready , a New Edition of Mil . _O'CONNOlt-S WORK ON SMALL FARMS To be had atthe N : rlhem Star Offiec , 16 , Great Wind mill Street ; and of Abel Heywood , Manchester .
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. _- _tUllVli ! UNITED PATRIOTS * AND PATRIARCHS ' BENEFIT SOCIETIES . Patron , —T . S . " _Oia-combe , Esq ,, M . P . IS answer-to the numerous inquiries of Agents , Mem" bers , and Correspotidtnts , Notice is hereby _gv . _'cn , thatthe Prospectus ofthe LAND and BUILDING BENEFIT SOCIETY requested , by them , to be brought iatei Co-operation with t _. e above Institutions , is now ready for circulation . "Within a few days the Rules will be submitted to the _Certifying Barrister for Enrolment . Further information , prospectuses , & _e _^ , _ctn be obtained at tbe office , or by tetter prepaid , enclosing two . _post-ige stamps , directed to-the Office of the Institutions , 13 , Tottenhavn . court New-road , St . Pancras , London . Agents required . iu every part of Great Britain . j _^ ( By _Orden Dakiel Wu . uam _Rorrv , Secretary . _"fSN . B . —District Secretaries and Members of tbe Chartist Land Society , are requests 1 to obtain information , which can be obtained by sending a stamp for tlie postage , resjieeiiug the National Co-operative Benefit Society , rf which Messrs Stallwuod and Wilcox are joint secretaries , bei ' yre < lhey in any way connect themselves with it .
Gleanings In The Pacific
GLEANINGS IN THE PACIFIC
For The Following " {-Leanine*** " We. A...
For the following " { _-leanine _*** " we . are indebted ' to a recent number ofthe New YorkTribnne . Wc give tho following extracts from files of tbe Sand-rich Islands papers : — The report ef the Minister of Public Instruction of the _Uis-aiiankingdeTO represents the cause of education as in a flourishing _condition . There bare h & _Site , iiiMJ pases printed is the native language .- { exclusive of the Scriptures ) ap to 18 H 0 Not les * than 70 , 000 natives have learned to read . Thc number of _scholars now in school * is near 33 000 Number of Chunches : Protestant 270 , Catholic 104 .: total 374 .
In : fce repoii of th < j Minister of flie Interior we lt _» ra that " the _wlsolesale ven ** ang ot ( ardent spirits ) is carried on exclusively by aiiecs—not one Hawaiian subject is _ev-gsw-cd in it . It is thought ( _sajs the report ) _ihat the time is not far distant when ill _resi-eeUble _pereonewiil cease to deal in that article , ¦ which . : a such a car & eto the people of Hawaii and to _feii-cigiiers visitit-gibe islands . " Only seven licenses _toe-elifpiritsbytheulasswere _granied in the year . Tbe kin » is a _teuioUier . Liquors neti exceeding 65 per eect . of alcoho * pay a duty of 5 dollars per gallon ; over 55 per cent , alcohol , 10 dollars i , er gallon . The Minister of _Foreign _Filiations in a report prepared by him says ; - —During the past vear , the
security of life and , property bas ken _unsurpassed in any country , even the oldest in ' civilization ; that fewer crimes hare been committed than proportionally in any other nation whatever ; also , tbat though upward of 19 , _OiiO American . British , _Freneta _, Ger _* man , Italian , Mexican , and Portuguese soldier * have refreshed in Hawaiian' ports , fewer disorders have occurred tban in any other ports in the world , where the same _numbers of _sdlors _congregate , and that what disorders have occurred , bare arisen chiefly from _theusei-f _intoxicating liquors by foreign seamen . He says also , that the Mug , court , and administration _, have beeu earried on very respectably , but very _economically , and that the minuter !* work hard for small salaries .
Foreigners have built a very large number of new houses and stores , and bare been mueh more eager to become naturalized ; the increase of . _vessels under the Rational flag has also been great . The condition of thc natives has improved ,-and they have been rather more indn _< trious . A B-atdof Land Commissioners has been appointed to settle disputes as to titles , and progress nas been made in a system which will enable _im-ustrious natives to acquire land of their own witb the consent of the lords of the soil . The number of _mtrriagesforthe year was reported to be 1 , 831 .
There are three papers printed at Honolulu"The Polynesian , '' ( eovernmeut organ , ) "The E ? ele , ' _\ and "The Friend . " "The _Elele" is minted in the native language _, and "is read by 3 , 000 Hawaiian a . " There is a desire to have " The _Polynesian " published in the Hawaiian language . There is a hydropathic institution in Nuanu Valley , which is well patronized .. Of _Hoiolulu"The Polynesian" says : — " Most of tbe buildings now in the course of erection are built of coral , which has much the appearance , at a distance . <» f granite . Tbe Hawaiian- * are rich in holidays . March 17 is King Kamehameha ' s birthday , and is a time of * universal suspension of business . The birthday of the King ol France , ( May 1 . ) of the Queen of England , ( May 18 , ) of the American Republic , ( July 4 ) and Rest-ration Day , ( July 31 , ) aro all impartially celebrated .
The Coffee plantations in the islands promise to be very successful . The coffee raised is a very _supe * rior article . Mr Peacock , compositor in "Tho Polynesian " office , set" on rush " 11 , 000 ems in seven hours .
Balloox Ascent—On Mondny Afternoon Mr Gy...
Balloox Ascent—On Mondny afternoon Mr Gypson , the _aeronaut , ascended at Haggerstone with his new balloji ) , to wbich be bas appended some machinery of novel construction , for the purpose of essaying " the practicability of raising or depressing the balloon at pleasure , without a disehargeofgasoe ballast , whilst sailing in * the air . He was accompanied by Mr _Crowell , editor ofthe " jErostatic Magazine " * and the experimental trip was regarded witb anxious interest by the respectable company admitted to _^ view it , for on that day se'qnight similar preparations bad been made , but just as the two
gentlemen were ready to start , the weather became exceedingly boisterous , and a pipe giving way , the balloon , after heaving and plunging at a fearful rate , broke entirely away , leaving the car and the whole of the nettug behind , and fell in a field at some distance . The _maguiiiicent machine , however , now stood nobly erect , and when liberated , ascended steadily into the air , and crossed the Thames towards Kent , the intrepid remnants being seen waving tbeir flags , until they _passed through a cloud and became invisible .
Exiersive Robbeet (» _Railway Scbip . —A day or two since a gentleman , named Jones , residing at 88 _Oiford-street , had a black _leathern pocket-book taken from his person in the Strand , containing nearly 3 , 000 railway _ecrip shares and receipt */ _.
. Observe,
. OBSERVE ,
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AUcorrespondence , reports cf public mooting * , Chartlstaa . _1 Trades ' Intelligence , and general questions , must to addressed to H ,. l J . _fiunx , « _'Sorttarn _^ Star Office " 16 , Great Windmill Street , London . . AH legal questions , and matters of local news , not noticed in provincial papers , and requiring _comme t . to be addressed to Mr . E » nsst Jones as above . . AH questions respecting Hills introduced into the Legislature , Acts of Parliament , their meaning and intent , < sc , and questions respecting the Ministry , and tho members of the two _Houst-s of Parliament , to be addressed to Mr Cteorgo Fleming , _""Sorthern Star" Office . All questions , connected with the management of land , and touching the operations of building , cultivation , etc . t « be addressed to Mr . O'Connor . Lowbands , Red Marie . Ledbury , Worcestershire .
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NOTICE TO . PAINTERS . , Mr . _Eofeeit King , Bailiff , will receive proposals , and agree for completing painting at Herringsgate . ... Address , Mr Robert King , _, Bailiff ,, , . ¦ Herringsgate , Rickmanswortli , Herts .
The Northern Star 8at0rday, April 8. 1847.
THE NORTHERN STAR 8 AT 0 RDAY _, APRIL 8 . 1847 .
The Poor Law And The Land. We Point The ...
THE POOR LAW AND THE LAND . We point the attention of our readers to a clause proposed by Mr Gregory in the Poor Relief ( Ireland ) Bill , and carried by a majority of 110 . The clause is to the effect that no person who should he in possession , whether under lease or agreement , or as tenant at will , or frora year to year , oi any land of
greater extent than the quarter of a statule acre , should be deemed and taken to be a destitute poor person , under the provisions of that act , or of any former Act of Parliament , unless the person so possessing more than a quarter of an acre of land should have first , bona fide and without collusion , absolutely parted with and surrendered any right or title which he might have had to the occupation of any such land over and above the extent above named .
We haye often said that truth will force ils way from even the lips of class legislators ; even these wilLat times stumble accidentally and unconsciously on a great principle , which they are incapable of carrying into effect , and would , never have the courage freely to propound . Such was the testimony'Lord John Russell' gave in favourof the Small Proprietory System—such is that now rendered by Mr Gregory in behalf of the same cause .
It is encouraging to see how a great principle will work its way , despite of all opposition . It has to contend with popular prejudice—popular prejudice is overcome . It lias to combat class hostility—class hostility is baffled . "Voices , once opposed , still reluctant , are compelled to yield- their unwilling support ; the truth is established , at last , and then men . begin to wonder hovMhey could ever have opposed , how they could once have doubted . Thus it is with the small proprietory system , as developed by the National Land Company . One by one confessions in its favour are wrung from its
opponents—and hostility , in every instance , but advances its progress . It is then that enmity becomes more active than ever , like the dying flare of the lamp in its socket , and men belie their own previously - expressed convictions , to oppose tbe new principle that frightens their old mouldering monopolies from "their propriety , " Thus we have a Chambers , a Pioneer , a Whistler , either eating their own words , or uttering a vast amount of turgid nonsense ; but , like the lamp of our metaphor , they die in their own stench , and , forgetful of their opposition and
existence , ihe power they assailed goes prospering on its career . These assertions are being daily exemplified in our National Land Movement , and the clause which we have extracted above is another evidence in its favour . How can ihose who estimate the productiveness of the Land so highly , as to decide that a man holding more than one quarter of an acre of laud needs no parochial relief—that he is able from that very fact to support himself—how can they , we say , talk , after that , of the _non-productivenest of the soil , or of its being incapable of supporting the population ? How can thejry _. for a _moruenti
have the audacity to oppose tbe National Land Company—when we contrast the position of a man holding a quarter of an acre to that of one holding FO Ult _ACEES . ' As a logical conclusion , if Government considers one quarter of an acre capable of supporting : oaa man , four acres , according to their shewing , would b > _capable of supporting sixteen ; and , again , the Irish holder of a quarter of an acre , is labouring under every possible disadvantage ;—insecurity of tenure — heavy rent — grinding landlords — want of drainage — an isolated position , and lack of capital for improvement ; - — whereas the Land . Company's allottee receives
his land in a high state of cultivation , on perpetual , tenure , — with no hampering' and _vexi tious restrictions , under no despotic control , and with all the benefits derivable from capila ! directed by co-operation , for the advantage of industry . What may be achieved by industry , was happily exemplified by Mr P . Scrope on occasion of the debate alluded to , iu referring to that portion of Chat Moss which the Manchester board cf guardians" had purchased and reclaimed by ihe labour of tlieir paupers , and where land which was formerly worth nothing was now worth 50 s . an acre . What had been done on the bogs in England might be done on the bogs in Ireland . "
Ay I and itis not necessary to confine " paupers ' to " bogs , " while rich lands are lying waste , whereon the industrious can realise the noblest wealth of man THE IR LABOUR ! We have always held that _Aere were greater treasures contained in the surface of the soil , than in its mineral depths ; but , while Mines have been explored , the Land , the source oi all real wealth , has been comparatively neglected . The cause is obvious , Monopoly has ever endeavoured to obtain riches , at the sacrifice of Labour . It bas
neglected to supply food for the million , but taken good care to obtain that gold , wliich should corrupt and control the ill-directed labour of the many , and secure to itself the enjoyment of that plenty , which the scarcity of agricultural production placed beyond the reach of any but the monied class ; while Competition , the constant curse of an artificial market for man ' s industry , kept wages at the pinching point and threw a whole _reputation at the mercy of a faction . The Peooleare dailv * _henhmineT mf ,, faction . The People are dail becoming more
y aware of the machinery by which they have been reduced lo their present lamentable position ; and as the cause of the evil becomes apparent to their eyes , in tbe same degree does happily the remedy appear within their grasp . _Confessionssuch as those made in the House must tend much to do away with that prejudice and i gnorance on the subject , under which the privileged classes labour , —though , we believe , in but too many _instintxs , _selfuJtnessjifii dishonesty would be more appropriate terms ; while it is scarcely possible to
The Poor Law And The Land. We Point The ...
believe , tbat . tbose men out of the working classes , whose labour gives them daily experience as to the capabilities of the Land , should for so . long a time have been blind as to its value . What , v * e ask , have the agricultural population been , about ? They have seen farmers making or squandering fortunes . Whence did tiiey suppose these fortunes were obtained ? From whence , but frora the soil which they enriehed with their labour , yet on which they themselves are starving ? Did it never strike them , that that very Land could be made as productive for the benefit of the labourer , as for that of the
master ? That their labour might be directed , for their own advantage , instead of their own injury , since it but strengthened the hands of the enemy ? Yet thus it has been . The working man has seen just what . the parson showed him ; heard , just what the landlord told him ; and thought , Just what the lawyer said was right . That _, these should have perverted the glorious language of God and Nature , and turned our earthly paradise into a purgatory , is a lamentable experience ; that there should have been
difficulty in making the slave unlearn the long schooling of ages , is a natural result ; that the curse of Faction should have tried to . yelp down tlie voice ot Truth , is a necessary concomitant ; that , in sp ite of all , Humanity should he casting down , the shackles of oppression , and * , asserting its great CHARTER of Equality and Liberty , is a glorious victory , that Faction cannot impair , as long as its fruits are secured by the union and perseverance of the awakening millions .
F ******* * *** ****I^A1^Psm****** * ***...
f ******* * *** _**** i _^ _a _1 _^ _psm _****** * _*******>*> * LAW versus JUSTICE . It is not often that we are called upon to commend the legal executive of this country , in , the exercise of tbeir functions ; and , indeed , it conveys a bitter satire on our Criminal Law , when one of those rare instances that command our commendation , should be one of which the sapient Thunderer of Printing-house-square says , that it is a manifest " transgression of the law . " The case wc more especially allude to is one , in -which Sir Tredericl * Pollock discharged a hoy of ten years of age , agaiiist whom an indictment for a felony had been preferred . The ground on which the Chief Baron discharged the offender was , that
He was unable to comprehend what benefit tl _« public could possibly derive frora the prosecution of the child . Hi 3 parents were able and willing to take care of him ; they were respectable persons , to whom the task of reclaiming him might palely _be-cunfided ; and without determining the age at which responsibility might safely be enforced , or disregarding the possibility of precucious maturity , he thought that , us the depositions did not _shoWithe bay to have been the toolof others , the interests of society did ; not require that thiB-cbild should be branded as a felon for life , and be expose-. ! to the contamination of a gaol . -
* We cordially concur in'the sentiments expressed by the Chief Baron , who has proved himself a humane and enlightened administrator of a vicious and defective law . The wisdom of his decision is corroborated by the testimony of Mr Sergeant Adams at the Middlesex Sessions , when a girl , under thirteen , was brought up to receive sentence , after a conviction for . theft . , The learned Judge , in this case , ordered the father to enter into recognizances to produce her at any future occasion , when the prosecutor might resolve upon pressing for judgment . The learned Judge did not wholly imitate the noble and generous conduct of the Chief Baron , but ' he made the following important statement •—
Experience had taught the ' eeurt how often lthappened that parents endeavoured , by inducing tbeir children to commit crime , to throw * them upon the State ibr support , and thus relieve themselves altogether from tlie cost of their maintenance , and from the care of their rearing up and eventual introduction to wen-doing ' in life . ' Intact , those duties which as parents they ought themselves to discharge they endeavoured to cast upon tlie Stato . If was only a few davs since that he had four cases where the
parents had endeavoured to rid themselves of the natural burden of their children by _prosecuting them - , _wiiilntat the last _session there bad' been a clear ground for suspicion that the money bad been intentionally , placed in the way of the lad by his pirents . Thus tho children committed an act of felony for which they wore convicted , 'and being thereupon sentenced to imprisonment , the parents were at'o * flce relieved' from the performance of one of their first dutie ?— -namely , the maintenance and care of their effsuriug . '" * r
It is indeed horrible to contemplate such conduct on the part of any one ; but still more horrible is it to reflect upon tbe state of destitution to' which the parents Must have ben driven , thus to sacrifice the common instinctive love of even the brute creation for their pffspring _. amid the social and legislative perversions which have reduced a portion of mankind to such extremities . We feel convinced , after this statement , that our Teaders must concur in the views expressed bv the Chief Baron , and see not
only the justice , hut also the expediency of . the course he adopted * , yet this very course bas called down the thunders of The Times upon his head . And why , forsooth ? Because it will encourage crime 1 The very reverse must be its tendency . Mr Sergeant Adams has proved , that one source ot cr ime will be removed , namely , that ot parents speculating on the infamy of their children , to be relieved from supporting them . But , says The Tines , it will be an incentive to juvenile offenders bv balding forth the prospect of impunity .
We deny this . It will reclaim the oftender , instead of plunging him irrevocably in the gulf of sinand a repetition of the offence would not be treated _willi tbe like leniency ; whereas an incentive to crime weuld not lie afforded , by the fact of that discretionary power which the judges exercised in these instances , and without which ( within due limits , and under the control of the PU'BLIC EYE , ) the dead letter of the law becomes a blank despotism , pressing alike heavily on every several gradation of guilt tn the perpetration of exactly similar offences . For , he it remembered , out of every two insiances , the act may be the same , but the motive ,
end _consequent degree of guilt , may be widely < _* i _!*!* e _,-ent . Now , instead of "punishment thus losing all its power , " , as The Times , says , ils full terror cannot possibly be impaired , while the advantage is gained of being able to prevent law frora degenerating into cruelty . This is a point of view which has entirely escaped . our cotemporary of Printing House-square , yet with strange inconsistency it says : — " It is a very sound remark , that the letter of the law is not half so important as the manner of its execution ; " Why , in the very same paragraph , The Times is stauding up . for "the letter of the Law . ' " "The reason why , " our cotemporary
continues—The reason why the law is so much respected inthe country is , because it is on the whole extremely welladministered . The magistrate keeps to his office , and does net assume to be anything more than the intelligent minister of justice . He avoids in general the dangerous responsibility of supplying defects . He ab'tains from all interference with the legislative function . His experience and his knowledge will often evince the necessity of rel ' orm , _aud _sugyest the course of amendment . But where he disapproves , if he be prudent , be will not openly condemn , and if he be wiso , he will not attempta remedy with his own hand . A constitutional course is always open . Ho can represent the evil in the proper quarter . His _representations may not be attended to , but that ' s not his f . _tult .
Now , we have yet to learn that the law is " so m uch respected in this country . " We believe , on the contrary , that not . mueh respect is felt for bad laws badly administered , although The Times considers their administration to be so good , as to he " extreme . " The magistrate ' s assumption of being nothing " more than , the intelligent minister of justice' '—Is but a matter of assumption indeed . Where is the justice of the Warrington magistrates ? Where is the intelligence of Mr Bingham , of Marl _, borough-street , when , in the case of Captain Symonds , _jpbo shamefully abused and maltreated bis groom , he " , _fi-ied that _igentlejnan ( gentleman ?)
F ******* * *** ****I^A1^Psm****** * ***...
Only twenty shillings and costs , _sayingT—" tbe assault was of a trifling character ? Had there been NO PROVOCATION , a fine of forty shillings would have been sufficient for a GENTLEMAN IN ; HIS STATION I " " That is , doubtlessly , the justice , the . magisterial , intelli gence , The Times admires . The case of Captain Symonds will be found in our Police Report of this week , and we refer our readers to it , aa evidencing how " extremely well the law is _adminis » e _* _-ed "—and as showing how the noble-minded conduct of the groom transcended that of lib ignoble
master . No doubt the magistrate avoids ¦« the dangerous responsibility of supplying defects , " since those ¦ ' defects" shield him in the immunity of his monopolies . W ' e can smile at the assumed naivete of The Times , in stating that thc country-squire or the factory-lord will not remedy defects ; or that , although " his experience aud his _kftovile-lge \ _-i \ l often evince the necessity of reform "—yet , " if he he prudent , " " the magistrate will not openly condemn " —and "if wise , will not attempta remedy with his own hand . " Oh no I He will he wise and prudent enough for that—ne fear even of his" representing
the evil in the proper quarter ; " though , were he to do so . The Times admits " bis representations might not be attended to . " . Now , much as we are accustomed to meet with incongruities and fallacies in The Times , one more glaring or more insolent than the above , it has seldom been our lot to read ' . Bu it is worthy of tbe spirit wbich prompted an attack on the Chief Baron , foran act of justice andhumanity , go different from that evinced by the Marlboroughitreet magistrate , who thought a fine of 40 s . enough under any circumstances for a gentleman ; " did he fine Captain Symonds only 20 s . because he considered him only a HALF GENTLEMAN ? We can tell him _. the precedent established bv Sir Frederick
Pollock is . not to hea precedent for hoary old sinners , or half-gent ] emen like Captain Symonds . And we can assure The Times , that its efforts to maintain a vile Criminal Law , to shield its administrators , and to assail its emendators , will prove unavailing . He bas admitted the " necessity of amending the Criminal Law with respect to juvenile offenders "—we cry , with respect to hoary sinners too ! with respect to that difference which it draws between the RICH and the POOR ; and which renders JUSTICE and LAW two widely-differing terms ; and the way to amend those laws is not to assail those who are thc Pioneers of Progression and the Heralds of Reform .
Parliamentary Keview. After Nearly Three...
PARLIAMENTARY KEVIEW . After nearly three months of pretty constant work our legislators have separated for the Easter holidays , the veriest glutton for parliamentary business among them being no doubt glad to escape for a time from the one subject , which , under varied names , has in reality occupied thc great bulk of their time and attention from the middle of January to the last day of March ; The quantity of work they have really despatched in that time , and Inequality of the workmanship , are two matters that may properly be glanced at in a , separate article next week , before they resume iheir labours . In the meantime , we roust confine ourselves to tho proceedings of the week . . , '
Tbe Irish Poor Law Bill bas , after hard fighting , got through committee in the Commons , is to be rcj ported immediately after Easter , and forthwith _introduced into the Ilouse of Peers . That it will also pass that house _. is certain , from the fate of Lord Monteagle _' s motion for the appointment of a Select Committee upon the subject . That motion , prefaced as it was by an enormously long speech , full cf quotations and predictions ofthe most terrible _cotistquences—if the destitute and perishing inhabitants of Ireland were allowed to have a claim on its property for subsistence—was defeated by a large
majority . Many of the speakers in opposition distinctly avowed that whatever might have been the opinions of former committees , however highly estimated the _au'horities cited might have been in former times— -a new era had come upon the nation , to which old theories , dogmas , and prejudices must succumb . - The hereditary house of legislators bow to the innovating and advancing spirit of the age . The necessity of suiting legislation tb the circumstances of society as they arise , is admitted by thero , and tbe " wisdom of our-ancestors" is raised no longer as a shield anil buckler in defence of venerable abuses or
exploded errors ; whether these errors are antique or belong to the more modern times of Parl ' a . tttettt & ry Commissions , and the recondite researches of such luminaries as Messrs Lewis Twis ' . eton , Senior Gulscn , et hoc genus omne . On these and similar eminent authorities Lord Monteagle demanded that tbe progress of legislation should be stopped—at least until t h ese 'opinions had been carefully collated , condensed and put into a kind of " _reading-made-easy " form , in order thatthe Pcets might with the least _possible trouble see what an enormous amount of
evil they were going to commit by making t h e landlords of Ireland contribute however trirh ' _iigly for the support of the poor . Nothing short of a social revolution was predicted as the result—a revolution in which all the ties which bind society were to be snapped asunder , agrarian division of property to take place , society to become completely disorganised , and oue universal waste of desolation and destitution to enwrap at once Cork and Bristol , Dublin and Liverpool . This piece of landlord
rhodomontrade , though backed-up by the politico-economical Whig Archbishop oi Dublin , did not meet with the ready response wliich it would have done a year or two ago . Somehow or other these fine spun theories have not hitherto stood wear and tear when put into operation . Like some of the showy printed calicoes of Manchester , they won ' t & tand thc ordeal of the wash-tub , and people begin to think tbat « ' there are more things in heaven and earth than are dreamt of in the philosophy " of Adam Smith o _M'Culloclt . So this late-made " lord" took
noth ing by his motion for preventing tlie legitimate relief of his countrymen but a defeat , and the cer . taintyof au ' other sbould be venture on the same ground agaiii . But after all , looking to the measure which provoked his voluminous if not _lutninou oratory , we are at a loss to perceive any cause for it . His excitement can only be compared to that of a bull on seeing a piece of harmless red clotb . The Whig measure is called a Poor Law for Ireland , but as it has emerged from the committee it has scarcely a shadow of pretension to the title
The Government agreed to a proposition of the landlords , by which no person is entitled to relief so long as he shall hold above a quarter of an acre of land ! This to any one in the slightest degree acquainted with Ireland , and the dependence of the great mass of its population upon small holdings , is sufficient to show that tlie measure is an insulting mockery to the poor of Ireland—another added to the alieady too numerous instances of Whig treachery , hypocrisy , and bad faith . There have
been ministers in the country who could occasionally be forced into conceding liberal and really good measures / but the Whigs are hard as adamant in such case , and only squeezable by the opponents of _progress-the upholders of abuses and political injustice . From the . first we condemned this measure as being far below the requirements of the case , and a very inadequate application of the principles avowed b y its authors , and only approved of it as being a legislative recognition of a fundamental _principle of social equity . o « ' , however , that
Parliamentary Keview. After Nearly Three...
-mrriimm . i _nw—1111 n —¦ i mi wi ''* _. **** " _* . _^ _- _— . nothing but the barren . recognition r emains , _^ the right to relief is practically denied by i _* clause as that agreed to by the Government , _•*« are inclined to think the Bill hot worth the expenu of printing it . The Whigs have , in this matte , verified our suspicions from the commencement m the fate of the Waste Lands Bill , the only other people's measure out of the whole bundle of not .
trums , seems equally ominous . On one pretence or other , it has . been delayed from time to timc ; _*** last , it was put on the business paper of Tuesday to be introduced by Mr Labouchere _*—Tuesday ni ght came , but not a single word was said upon the matter ; and , if rumours are to be _belifcvetl , it win j _^ found , in future , to be among the " dropped orders _*• of the Session . There will surely be found some member honest enough to expose this disgraceful trickery .
The Discussion On The Poor Law Gave Occa...
The discussion on the Poor Law gave occasion to an outbreak on the part of Lord G . Bentinck , which astonished , if it did not please bis friends , and has not a little delighted his . opponents , as heing likely to damage him permanently as a leader , In no assembly in the world are the courtesies and etiquettes imposed by courtly breeding and a highly artificial slate of society , more imperativfly exacted than in the House of Commons , from those who aspire to the highest posts of Government . Nature is banished , as being , however healthy , boisterous , rude , and shocking to ears polite ; and in its place , a smooth routine of conventionalisms is substituted , very agreeable to the weak nervous system of the valetudinarian political old women , of which it is
mainly composed , but highly unfavourable to any expression of real , natural , honest feeling . It may be imagined , therefore , that " hon . members" could not have been more astounded if a comet had fallen in the midst of them , than by Lord G . Bentiuck getting up and with great excitement of manner commencing one of the most hitter and plain-spoken attacks on the whole of the Whig government of Ireland , during the present crisis , which has ever been made , either in or out of the House . It was not merely that the charges were _amoris ones , involving wilful deception and deliberate murder of the people by thousands , in order to carry out a favourite
theory , but the language in which these charges were stated , that made this attack a memorable one . We have given his Lordship ' s onslaught , and Mr Labouchere ' 8 defence , in full , so that the reader may judge for himself of the affair . Political ouidmmcs say , that it has forever ruined Lord George ' s chance of being Prime Minister of this country , and that his party are ashamed of his want of tact and temper . We believe nothing of the kind . The Protectionists chose him because he was a plain-spoken man ; and , therefore , the greatest antithesis to the plausible and dexterous orator and tactician , by whom they believed they had been betrayed , bound into tbe hands of their enemies . As to the future
Premiership , thank-Heaven ! that is a matter which time , and circumstances evidently concur to show will not much longer be left to the option of any clique or faction whatever . The people are rapidly learning their real itrength , and the way to exercise it . When they know the two sufficiently , ho power on earth will be able to prevent the practical use of the knowledge .
The Army Enlistment Bill Has Conslituted...
The Army Enlistment Bill has conslituted a topic for talk in both houses . Much light was incidentally thrown upon the manner in which the privileged look upon _iheunprivileged classes in the Army , and upon the notions of [ general officers , colonels , & c , as to what constitutes a " good soldier . " According to Sir H . Douglas , ignorance and stupid subservience are cardinal virtues in a soldier . The agricultural classes are his beau-ideal . Artizans , mechanics / and _manuCicM-ring operatives are apt to growsancy . They have not been previously drilled by landlord , farmer , and parson , into total forgevfulness that they are men as well as their officers . They have road a
little , thought mare , and talked about their reading and their thoughts , and the result is , that" they do not TO _2 * > e near so good soldiers . " Sir M . Douglas has absolutely , been horrified by seeing , with his own blessed eyes , a fellow walk about a barrack yard without saluting his officer ' . Such slight revelations as these , unconscious as they are , give a better insight into ths morale of the Army , and the kind of mind ane' character a man nitist either take info it , or _acquire there , than roliimes of formal exposition . Another noticeable point was , an objection to limited enlistment , _Srst urged by the well-known Earl of Cardigan , and repeated in ihe Commons by Sir H . Douglas .
. It was that the _large number of discharged soldiers who had been trained to the usa of fire-arms , and disciplined in military tactics , might in future tiroes he found rather _dangerou _* . to _G'lveritrnep . t . li , for instance , another such gathering was to take place as thnt whieh marched through London in 1834 , to petition for the restoration of the Dorchester Unionists , and whieh Lord Cardigan said was composed of 30 . 000 non in militarv order , the
consequences _nug tit be \ _-e _* ry _elinerent _, if a large portion of ; such a body were composed of men accustomed to a t military life , and _widerstasding how to act ir . con- cert ' quite as we !! rs the regular soldiers . To the s peculiar _cnslitulion of France in that respect , Lord 1 Cardigan attributed ihe loss of the throne of France B by Charles the Tenth in 1830 ; and looking at the 8 large number of soldiers we have to send abroad on a Colonial service , lie feared that the remnant nrght , I , in case of discontent and another" procession , _"cone , e off wiih the worst . There is food for thought in n these disclosures nf military and aristocratic appre- 2-
hension _* . The Thncs endeavours to quiet them by > y pooh-poohing litem down , as simply ridiculous ; and id in any case has a panacea , " make all you-. * discharged _: d soldiers policemen , and then you ' re safe ' " Very ry good , but if the soldier , after receiving his discharge , ; e , lines not choose to'he a policeman , and takes a notion im I of enrnirij * hie Jiving * in his own way , not _afier the he i notion of The _Tiwr , what then ? The bill , however , a , j whether for good or evil , is certain to pass;—the he opposition it has received only illustrating the trite Ue maxim , that no reforn * or alteration whatever is to to be expected from official men in their own particularlar departments . " Pressure from without" is the truerue primum mobile f > f the political world .
The Geivernffipj)? Have Redeem'-D Odc- P...
The _Geivernffipj )? have redeem' _-d odc- promiseiise made on accession to office , by / bringing forward ad a measure for promoting the Health of Towns . _Loriord Morpeth , who-intradncad the lull , gave a veryery powerful expositions of die evils generated by thethe ¦ utter neglect of _»)) sanatory conditions h the _townswns and cities of this country , arid the consequent _destruc-ruction of life . The . pian of the Government is too too large and sweeping to be : dismissed , summarily , or , or , to justify , a decided opinion , before more _cartfuWftil examination of its various enactments . We shal ' shali have opportunities of criticising it more fully in _itftv it
future stage * . An outline of its leading _provisionfeioi will suffice in the ' . _iieatitime ; ' premising that it iSt based on the bill prepared by the Peel administraistr tion , from which it differs ia some essential _uointsiinl especially in const : ; tiling a liew Government departpai ment to attend to _iv-blio health , and including tbig tl City of London among the corporations wiuwhi are to be controlled by the general la' la ; 'Die new Board is to be . designated th : i Board of Health ar . d Public Works , composed o _» d five members , three of them being paid , with thh t Chief Commissioner of the Woods and _Forestorei
for the time being as _ex-tdfieio chairman . Th T Board will have power to direct inquiry lo be row , m " nto . the sanatory cfcr _. _tv . vioTi of any _lov \ u or districljtri to recommend ihe appointment of inspectors tors make such inquiries , w make sufficient _anri . _adeqUK-equi survey * -, to point out ihe _dirsetion of streams _flUis 8 watercourses , and to advke as to the artn on whic wh works may be carried on . The details of the wort wo a » e to be chiefly carried ori through the _instr-jnst mentality of the ' loocJ ot . thori ! ie _" _ij , Municipal _# > al 0
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), April 3, 1847, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_03041847/page/4/
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