On this page
- Departments (3)
-
Text (12)
-
Pscehbeb 4, 1847. THE WOltTHBRV UTAP ; ....
-
fortrpe
-
THE AGE OP PEACE . bt n*afx sown. Ken !«...
-
sRebieto*
-
THE LABOURER, A Mmt&ly Magazine ef Poli ...
-
police fiegoit
-
WORSHIP STREET.—Tbs Poisosibq Cass at Ha...
-
THE DEFENCE OF LOUIS MIEROSLAWSKI, Conde...
-
* *WeBuglJ3nme»wul4»"U VSwwof, Admiral B...
-
THE REFORM MOVEMEJST'&N FJaANQEi', : SPU...
-
Mxunchoiv SmciDB—Earls on Saturday morn,...
-
bt Sound.—During , ewkuatotsoV b*je^eli?...
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
-
-
Transcript
-
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
Pscehbeb 4, 1847. The Woltthbrv Utap ; ....
_Pscehbeb 4 , 1847 . THE WOltTHBRV _UTAP ; _. 3 *
Fortrpe
_fortrpe
The Age Op Peace . Bt N*Afx Sown. Ken !«...
THE AGE OP PEACE . bt n * afx sown . Ken !« rult with oue another , " Sea bow wrong and bloodshed cease -fan in man beholds a brother'Tit—oh ! * d > tha age of peace ! peace ] hs ! bs ! be wind and _vapaur , Foolish thought of feeble souL
Keep _sdlght thy twinkling taper , While the whirlwind seeks its goal ! Hark ! fta _-Ustant eastern water ** , Ta thefarthest western wars , Gomes tha voice of many ( laughters , O ' er tho earth ' s unclosing grave . Bark ! io teat of Chins booming , How tha load artillery roars ; And s thousand masts sre looming Oa La Plata ' s battered shores .
Hark ! the Cafflrgroans _nuheeded , Scourged by strong invader _' ahand ; And tke Indian lance is needed To defend the _Afghan ' s land . Ha **! aloag the wile _Zahara , Bingt the _volley—Same * the steel Fram Morocco to Baccara , _Columni march ani cquadroas wheel ; Hark ! byOtoheHe _* ! garden , Threat * snd flames the French corvette * And tha blackened bodies harden , ' When the west its wigwam set _. Hark ! to _slattghter a ruddy riot _. Where Haw , Zealand ' s mountalnj ioar And ths ' gathering ' storm ' s unquiet , ' Over _Uada- * atcu * _t shore . Hark ! between the Grecian islands _.
Speeds the fleet with captive crowds ; "Hark * along Albanian highlands , Ue the dead ia . bloody shrouds . _"flltk 1 beneath _Cbeat-da ' _e _raouotalsj _, Moloch sports with human right , "V eins are torrents , hearts ara fountains , For the streams of Freedom ' s fight . "Then ! exult with one another . See , how wrong and bloodshed cease ! "Man in man beholds a brother—Tis—obi ' tis the age of Peace ! ""Pesos ! * nw _Hghtslng-ibaft mult shatter Chains , the sunshine cannot part , "i ? ea _« with _aUj _^ _ur canting clatter t .. !" .
Sword in hand ! and hope in heart I - " Oh ! bat this Uall _theravaga Of untamed barbarian lifel" * "Hot so—European savage _\ It is yoa who bronght the strife . < _Jo tb _sseh enlightened nation Little need afar to roam— . Bid your mild dvilintJrao Look st home—ay ! look st home ! _JXork ! In plains of Poland blighted , Murdered ae & in myriads £ -11 j And the fires of faith sre lighted In theJCn * kconf » _ssion-l . Hark ! the Austrians in Ferrara , Ani the Goth hasp-used the Fo , Aad the Pontiff ' s peace-tiara Isa . helm to fight tke foe I
"Hark ! there ' s _nn-dai' iu Messina ; Treachery rules in Naples' bay , "Where _Sieiha ' s _crowaed hyaena Reigns te trample , lives to slay _. Hark ! Ia Spain the armies gather , Myriads fell where myriads fall ! 3 n tha Asturiai stormy weather , Treason in the eapitaL ' Hark ! Oporto ' s Unas are tinted Bed with sally and assault ; And the fields of fight are stinted . Bnt to rill tbe prison-vault . "H ark ! The Swiss to battle _soaadisg - Class on dans defying can - ~ * Jfid the bayonets _aU-sn-wrandinf * Of the Austrian sad the Ganl .
~ Hsrk ! the mason's horrid clangour Piles the fort round Paris' streets , To defy a nation ' s anger At a crowned impostor ' s chaste . AH thy cannon wiU be wanted When tby withered pulses cease , Tor thy death-bed wiU be haunted , Thon Napoleon of Peace ! "Hark ! " sudMexico ' s surrender , Comes s challenge HI rtpressed . "Where ' s thy honour ! poor pretender Shame ! Bepufelic of the West .
Talk no more of freedom ' s glory _. Manhood's truth sod people ' s right ; Thy ' * stripes ? en slavery ' s back are gory , Thy _« ' stars ** shine truly , hat in night . "" M ourn to mark tby institutions , Vice's kingly semblanee take ! Mighty child of revolutions , Toung America , awake ! Hark to bleeding Ireland ' s sorrow ! Tyrants , take your fill to-night ; 'Tis the people ' s turn
to-morrow—Wait awhile . 'Twill soon be ligbtl Hark to England ' s voite of wailing ! Hot alone the People rae ; - Comineroe tarries—banks srefalling And the _smiter ' s smitten too . Baffled League snd _palsied'f action , Lords of land and lords of trade , Stagger ' neath _thevast reaction Of the min they have made . Hark ! tbe poor are starving dally ; _QoldisJIngHn- _* , bayonets clank ; Hark ! the great are living gaily , And corruption ' s smelling rank . Bnt the sands af time are running ; Ever hope , and aever fear ! Oh ! the people ' s hour Is coming ! Oh ! the people ' s hour is nesr !
Then ! exalt with one another , Then shaU wrong and bloodshed cease ; Man in man respect s brother , And the world be won for peace !
Srebieto*
sRebieto _*
The Labourer, A Mmt&Ly Magazine Ef Poli ...
THE LABOURER , A Mmt & ly Magazine ef Poli ties , literature , Poetry , & c . Edited by Feargus O'Connor , _En ., M . P .. _MdEraert Jones , _m-J * _£ don : Northern Star Office , 16 , Great Windmill _, f-lxeet , Haymarket . _TMsnomber concludes the _t-econdvoftmieof Thb Libodbkb , which _htsacquired a _circuktion unparaleledin the history of si _«**« _t _« _publierJ-ions . A portrait of Mr O'Connor a eoBbined jn this number , and will be a fitting and admired emMliBhrnent to the Tolume . The sp lendid poem by ianest Jones , given aboTe , ia extracted from this number . We _Kgard that poem as one of the very best of Mr Jones ' s poetical productions . The glowing account of tha straggles , triumphs , _rererges , and fete , ofthe ¦ elebrated Tribune , Rienn , reflects great credit on Mr Jones . Poland , too . w a _favowite theme with
that gentleman , who , this month , in _aaoinon to his _sonl stirring « Romance of a People , ' favours his _StaTwSL a renew , ( unfinished , bnt to _becom-S _5 i- tba next number , ) of Count _Krasmski's & £ _& * ot _%% e 'Infernal Corned ,. ' . . Oar old _frifnd , Kydd , who appears tobe _qmteansmg-nan , Kh as J orator and a _™ te _* « _ntribnte a _***?* article , on 'The _Morab'ty of Commerce / which though thnsnamed . w really an exposure of tte immraUtg of the commercial classes . . Mr Kydd E ™ ab _^ _efmqinryintooi * r _^ _iaopportune , and , thereupon , he gammons _jntoOHtft _ahSwitaesses . cdebrated men _Monang to aU political parties , who _gtte _« _% » _^ . ™ 5 _^ toundi _tg character , _resp <* ting _toirinawngc _-Btdidren . and the cruelties inflicted upon them _SttefcSSi ? «» _tascalities _. of the track _eystoi ? _mTUmm _***** - _* - **» SSn < _alieoes , & c ; the addteraUonaf _^** s * J We give the _conclndinf _pottion of Mr _fiydds
_^ _rede , conducted on its present _pmdples ~ mta _* ristsL all th * _t it touches . Tbe famished _hW _^ _f" £ _esaciated pauper , wog has nothing fa tte balance Stthe 5 « _S ° " *" * tb 9 . _Z l 0 tl 0 T i ? t IJ _^ _tffiBrrf fceB titf _Zedeceit and practice impssture ; he must lie , pilfer , _SdsStosm / _port _»&* _"" _£ _& _£% tain the comiexdal _digaltj _** « 8 _^ _£ * "lj _£ _erery onlooker . « Sea onr commercial P _**** _" _* »«* ttelrealth of om merchant princes ! ' ttI _*« _** ' * the question : Would yoa prefer the _{ _nM « trade , if fixed for ever , to "turn _» _«*^ e Ufe ! I
• woaVi _uiaHer , 'Perish tbe pRSsnl _V _^ _*^* s 3 Mow ; betur that man should _" _^^ _A _^ as when born , than fo _^ eaelaim on _^ _JJJomtS _^ f Tfce ! betseV that progression _atoaU «« ie from t _^ ¦ hnd of its infancy and in IU nef _derdopemfni _^ ran aU _Hatsrds , tlianbf &« aa . withsr _^ _VWnWg _^ freareicrael _^ _wd _wpad _oastatteh ood _^ ' _Yej su _» k « _Englasd in her greatness , that , in _haugWy _¦*« - _« f _^ _sb _^ _bou _ts efahSg _attheolvillsaUou ; ofthe worid _, _^ _confams-rithin her very he _^ the i _» p «« " _« J * J _sBnks of the iteh of gold ; and when _itapP" _} 'JJJ robes of fiuellnen . pre senU a body _<*™**& _£ from the sole of the foot to the crown of _«**¦»* - _£ base moral aleer _fiUed _« " _* nncUanneu and aU vile
_^ _Th-. in » T , _imnacltv and monopolising spirit of -ne * - _fc , the ruler , of mankind , _'« mitt * b , Adam * M , lusbecome the very _pta _^^* _*?™ _^ _JJSS in St Stephen ' _sandregulate . the Exchange It _prsaches _isthepnlpit , and penetrates _theswcti _^ of -be doin _as _ttc tearth ; _eveJ , life U as nothing In IU balance . What natter if a hundred colliers be buried la a coal _mwei _Jh-arinan-j _ledbodies wa _^ _for r _iiw- _aw _H _^ _WS
The Labourer, A Mmt&Ly Magazine Ef Poli ...
_%% ' * _*? _%$ ' _^ I _^ v om H , tf th _» cbUdrenbom b » _Braaib-a ale _bsfbre they are seven years of aze What matter ? There are plenty of work-people ' - We _mMt have cheap _woMIeas . in Manchester the . _* « , ual duration of life of mechanics and th . ir families _S . _^ _Ti _^^^^ _wd their fcailie . to tMr _^ _-ei ghfc But what matters the killing of half the _work-iMsopTe , if _wshave only cheap cottons J In _But-Und-hire the av-T « g « gertMheab , _labou » M * a th . lr _hesftfty-two . How foolish to regret the murder of onefmrth ofour _brathren , when balanced against the landlord s patrldges , hsTes , rsbbite , snd rent . Beader !
De you say how true ls all I hava written f Bat can jou tay yoa are free from the charf a 11 fear we are all implicated . Bat most we remain so ? , Tbe question requires an answer—and it is for you to reply . Have you settled down in the school of ease , content with things ss they are ! Have yoa agreed to move through life , somathae * boning your head to let tbe wave pus over , as a timid bey who bathes and cannot swim ? Are yoa tobe a _footm-n wearing . livery , and kneeling at the door of custom , jerking ronad the corners tobe oat of sight , and playing at hide and stek for life , _sapple and humble to day fora shilling , honouring wealth with man ' s worship to a god , and wearing tbe old notions ofmen In mental sloth and worthless laziness 1 If so , for you at least tbere is little hepe ! yoa ara in leading strings , and cannot help - _onrself .
But though from yon we may net even receive sympathy , yet th _« ce is much to be hoped for from the progression of man . Time is tbe frest _rerrfotioniit , the rectifier of all , and the reign of evil will yet pass away for the empire of good . Ko branch of history , literature , or science , even now , is free from innovation , Carlyle has givea history a new dress ; Lamartine has changed the garb of Robespierre ; Ly ell bas been at the falls of Niagara , and fonnd for creation a new date ; Channing has made aa old creed the alembic for a new philosophy ; Hood has rendered the distresses of needle-women
as immortal as the death of Hector ; and Hackle , with the foresight of poetic prephecy , has said truly , ' There ' s a good time coming . * No institution is safe from the new _Idaas ia wbich tbe spirit of tiie age bas _clothad it * self ; and , better known in _theworkthop than _thestuaj ; instinct is at war with old books , and unfolds its influence every hour . ¦ The . new thoughts are everywhere , and reflect , signs in onr _benefit-soeietiss _, sick-clubs , t-ades-nnlonf , land _sodsties , _eo-oijers tive labour assc * dstloes , 4 c . Instinct . is begetting a consciousness ef _sslf-rellance , anda band of bold men preach nan-conformity . These sea will yet aid ia changing theprimt * l ples of onr commerce , and dutroy usury and gain for love and reciprocity . * All the good tendencies will grow ; the old become formal ; ages may pass , but progression will remain young , and its influences leaven Vie whole mass ; man is a _reformer , therefore 'bea man '
Trade will jet be parsed o fts filth , and the mean rapt * _dtyandmonopolisiag spirits of * _uerchsut » . 8 _Bd manufiic . turn will be both corrected and prevented from disturb _, log thetraaaailllty of the state ; and that , too , when labonr learns its own powers , and man feels the trne mission of life . Society _oaenot be changed as with the wand of a magician ; bnt the result is not less sure tbat the process seems slow , and ths -n-. sent condition ofthe masses-mites the disease and the means for ths remedy . Sire , tben , to the reformer yonr aid , and your labour will one day bring its reward . At the clese ofits first year _' s existence , and on the ere of commencing its third volume , ' we wish ' good _sj-eed'totbe'LiBOtjasB , ' and success to all who labonr in ita pages to promote the -regeneration of mankind .
Police Fiegoit
_police _fiegoit
Worship Street.—Tbs Poisosibq Cass At Ha...
WORSHIP STREET . —Tbs _Poisosibq Cass at Hackwst . —William Stuart Sheridan , a clerk in the Excise-office , wbo stood charged with the wilful murder of his mother , Mrs Frances Sheridan , was placed at the bar before Mr Hammill for final examination . —George Yarrow , an undertaker in H < gh . _street , ( Skoreditcb , stated that the prisoner came to his house abont _mid-dsy on Saturday , the SOth October , and after stating that that was the first undertaker ' s he had seen on his way from Hackney , at which witness expressed some surprise , told him thst he wished him to take iratrnetions for tbe interment of a woman recently deceased , and which _h _* wished to be performed as reasonably as possible , as sbe had died in reduced circumstances . The prisoner appeared at the time to be labouring under great
excitement . In about an hour afterwards he proceeded by appointment to tbe bouse in Hare-street , where he found tbe prisoner , and was shown into a room in which the deceased lay . in order to measnre the corpsefor a coffin . Ha afterwards returned to the room where he bad left the prisoner and his listers , snd complained to them of the slovenly manner in which the body had been laid ont , to which they simultaneously answered tbat they had paid a woman to do what was right , and that their orders had been properly executed . He was struck with the _exiremely livid aad dirty appearance which tha _cirpse _presented , and the general aspect of the place produced an unfavourable and painful impression : upon bis mind . On the same evening he took the coffin to the house , and made an arrangement to proceed with the prisoner the
next morning to the Beaumont Cemetery , at Mile-end , to purchase the ground ; but oa the road there they were met by Hr Tidy , one of tbe surgeons wbo had been In pie-ions attendance upon the deceased , and while convening with bim the _jmsener disappeared . Witness therefore hastened back tothe honse , which the prisoner had reaebed before him , and shortly after his arrival was joined bythe parish beadle , to whom he had caused a communication , to he made , and wbo intimated to the prisoner thatit was absolntely _aecestary that an ioqaest should be held upon the body . The prisoner objected , saying tbat it was nrcalled for , but upon witness _remaridag that if he _valnsd his respectability he wonld throw no obstacles in the way , he at length gave a reluctant assent . Some angry words ensued between
the prisoner and his sister . The inquest was _inbse _qaently held opon the body , and directly after its first adjournment the prisoner again called upon bim and urged Mm at once to complete the funeral , bnt he positively declined all farther interference . During tha time this witness was giving his evidence , he was repeatedly interrogated hy ibe prisoner , who exhibited the most _violeuteicitement , declaring that he was the victim of a couple of fiends , who hai engaged In a foul conspiracy against bim , and he hoped tbat some one from tbe Secretary of State's office was present to watch the proceed ings . —George Downing , superintendent in Sbillibeer ' s funeral establishment fn the City-road , deposed that on the 4 th nit . the prisoner celled npon him , and said tbat he wanted to make arrangements respecting the funeral
of a person for whom a coffin had already been provider _. He asked him his motive for transferring the basinets from one tradesman to another , aad the prisoner replied tbat the undertaker he bsd before employed was in such a state that he was disgusted ivith his conduct , and would have nothing more to do with him . The prisoner appeared to be in a state of nervous excitement , and inquired whether the funeral conld not take place on tbe following day ; to which he replied in the affirmative , if the grave had been already taken , and the usual certifi . cate obtained fiom the district registrar . On the same erening witness met him by appointment athis residence , when he again complained of the _condoct of the farmer undertaker , who , be said , bad made himself very busy in tbo matter , and thatit wss entirely through bis
instrumentality that an inquest had been held , whicb he would not have had to happen for any money , as he held a pab-Iie situation , and it might be hb ruin . AU the preparations being completed , witness went to the house at one o'clock on tbe following Saturday , tbe funeral being appointed for fonr , wben the prisoner urged him to set out immediately , to which tbe witness objected , as the clergyman would not have arrived at the ground until tbe honr of which notice had been given . The funeral then took place in dne course , and tbo _. prisoncr was present at the ceremony . —Evans , the beadle of South Hackney , was then called , and having deposed to tbe anxiety of the prisoner that the post mortem examination by the surgeons might be conducted as secretly as possible , Hr Humphreys , who appeared for the prisoner , asked the witness if he had been present during the delivery of
the coroner's charge to thejury , and whether he considered it had been correctly reported in tbe newspapers s To both which questions be answered in the affirmative . —Hr Humphreys then said that it had been his Intention to offer some observations to the magistrate on the snbjeet of the eoroner ' s charge to tbe jury at the inguest , which he . conld not help regretting had been proved to be _eorrectly reported in the newspapers _, bat , nnder all the circumstances , he thought it advisable to refrain from any comment at present , and should reserve the defence for another occasion . —The depositions of the several witnesses , which were rery voluminous , were then read over by Mr Huristone , the seeond clerk , and the prisoner , whe appeared keenly alive to his _situatieo , was fully committed to Newgate , to await his trial upon tbe _cha-ge .
BOW-STBBBT . —Bo-tBaar At Kino ' s _Cous-aa . —A medical student , named William Hood , aged 31 years , was placed at the bar before Hr Hall , charged with stealing five coats belonging to his fellow students at King ' s College , Strand . —Hr Arthur Yeung stated that be reaided at tfaehouse of Dr Partridge , theprofeuor , with the prisoner , who was alto a pupil , and on * fiiday morning _ms-rniDg last , having missed his coat from _thehali , where he usually left it , he asked the prisoner , in the afternoon , if he had taken It , when he replied tbat he had lent it to his eoutin on the day previous , and he would bring it to him oa the next day , which appeared to him a very singular excuse , and on Saturday be heard that other articles of wearing _appirei had been stolen from other students , —An assistant to Hr Luxmore , pawnbroker , in StVartin _' _s-lane , produced a coat and shirt tbat were
pled ged by the _pritener . —Constable Harrison , F division , who apprehended the prisoner on Saturday night , proved that _he' / onnd _sevsn duplicates npon him , among whicb were tbatfor the prosecutoi ' s property . —The next charge rat for stealing a great coat belonging to Mr Edward John Tyvian , a fellow student . —An assistant to Mr BJrkham , pawnbroker , 918 , Strand , proved tbat about five o ' clock in tbe afternoon of Saturday the prisoner cams into the shop and offered to pledge the ceat spoken of by the last witness for 10 s ., andbe ' mmediately recognise ! hira as tbe person who had also pledged two other coats , which npon inquiry he had ascertained bad been stolen , upon which he gave him into custody- —Theprisoner declined saving anj thing in his defence , _andbe was ord ered to he fully committed for trial to the Middlesex Sessions . The prisoner ' s guardian then presented hlm _Mlfto the conrt _^ and _ealdba _wta totally at a loss to know
Worship Street.—Tbs Poisosibq Cass At Ha...
wltttetMiM ino * - * Um to commit a serin of sueh offences , as he wss not only connec ted with a famUy of great respeetabllity , but he wat by bo meant addicted to extravagant habits , aad wasted for nothing , nor had he formed improper connexions ; being in London only afew weeks . — -Mr Hall said it was a most lamentable _drcurn _staaMj but the pnblic must be protected .
The Defence Of Louis Mieroslawski, Conde...
THE DEFENCE OF LOUIS MIEROSLAWSKI , Condemned to death b y a special Prussian Tribunal , for having ' conspired' to restore the independence and freedom of Poland .
_^ _Gk-jilebbk , —If , on one side , ifc is just to place tte whole responsibility for the events of 1846 on the Democratic Emigration , it is indispensable en tbe other , to define thelimits and the sense in which tbis revolutionary association arewilline to accept this tn den . inotherUrms , Ui 8 nece 8 sary toknowtbe real intention asd reasonable hopes oftheir executive committee , known under the name of' Centralisation , ' when it thought it inevitable to summon the patriots ofthe country toa desperate struggle against oppression . __ I begin this explanation with the profound conviction thatthe success , whieh in politics explains and _legitimatisesall , conld not but popularise what I
am going to state . I hare Jong ago sacrificed my own personal causa . " This testimony ofa man , who h _* is neither fear , nor hope , nor illusions of his own , will , perhaps , gentlemen , find some credit even with our most malevolent enemies . ' The members of the Polish Democratic Society , of which I have tbe honour to be just now the organ , proposed to themselves , fifteenyean ago , three objects , towards which they proceeded through thousands of obstacles , with an abnegation and perseverance , the _difficulties and extent of which the catastrophe of last year has contributed to _iuereaae . These three objects of their constant and nnited labours arc , the Propaganda , the Conspiracy , and the Insurrection—in order to regenerate , rally , and restore , the
Polish fatherland . The first of these tasks consists ih political , social , and military _edncation , which the Democratic Emigration inculcated tb the countryby _meansof the press and by their emissaries . The second embraces the efforts which the same emissaries have made , in order to convert the diverse revolutionary elements of the three portions of Poland tothe same doctrine , tothe samei mutual responsibility , and to ' this same initia _* . tive .- .. The third consists ofthe definitive preparation for an insurrection , wbich the Centralisation found itself obliged to precipitate , for the sake oi saving the conspiracy from a dissolution , which would have delivered it to the enemy without any compensation or excuse whatever ..
I beg leave , genilemen , to review these three phases of the revolutionary force which has _agitated the painful sleep of Poland , since the fruitless attempt in 1833 , in order to come to the treble conclusion _, namely—1 st . That , onr revolutionary propaganda was not of a disorganising nature ; . that it had nothing subversive or anarthical in itself ; bat that , on theeontrary , it has constantly endeavoured to submit every licentious individuality tothe empire ofa common and nnited necessity , and all the active passions to the sublime and sovereign passion ef national safety . _9 nd . That in the conspiring contact ofthe
country with the Emigration , the active * character , the sellable responsibility . weigh exclusively upon the Emigration , whilst the turn and the function uf the country in the _comnibn'action could not , and was not , to begin , but at this very moment of the explosion . 3 rd . That this explosion , without anticipating , the rights of future generations , was to avoid , on account of certain political and strategical considerations ( _pecnliartothepreaenfratateolthings ) , all serious shocks against the Prussian domination , in order to concentrate its decisive , efforts against the Russian domination .
' I come to the first of theso three questions . Ishall not repeat to you , gentlemen , the programme which the Polish Democratical School has given to itself , and by what means it has proposed to realise it , because its writings answer for it . . I shall only remind yon tbat the propaganda of the Polish Democrats was always so frank , so firm , so e ! ear , even in its errors ( if there were any ) that neither the calumnies of their most bitter antagonists , nor the blood in whicb they endeavoured to suffocate them , could succeed in assimilating them inthe opinion ofthe world , with the powerless digressions of anarchy . 1 don t pretend to say that those digressions did not creep _occasionall ** under onr flag , taking advantage ofthe inevitable darkness surrounding every conspiracy ; but they would never have stood the power of the insurrectional period , nnder a government issued from onr doctrines , and that is the only thing we are anxious to prove .
1 wish to say , that all onr enemies took advantage of onr disaster , to libel our institutions . It is one ofthe destinies ofthe vanquished always to pay both the expenses of the defeat and the viotory . There have been those who recurred to atrocious resources of calumny , in order to withdraw from us those classes of Polish society which a long and various servitude had immobolised , confused , and struck with dumbness . In order to banish ' us from their hearts aad their confidence we have been depicted as an incorrigible aristocracy , who disguised themselves with the borrowed dress of a foreign
liberalism , only for the sake of re-conquering licentious privileges , lost by abusing them . And these people , whose emancipation and promotion , as well as their civic and moral regeneration , was the sole romance of our youth , the grand problem of all our sufferings and sacrifices ; these people have raised against ns the club of Cain , and there was now no voice comifig from above , to ask tbem , ' What hare you done with your brother ? ' for tbe unfortunate did not knew what they were about , and in reality God has not given them an Abel to guide them !
Others , and these I have just spoken of with them , have at the same time attributed to ns—according to the audience they were addressing—all tbe extravagances ef sanguinary and va ° ue demagogues , in order to interdict us access to classes which in troth fear only the critical side of resolutions , but who , _nnfortnnately too , don't know but this Bide . Thus we who have , during fifteen years , employed all the strength of onr will , and of our intelligence , to conciliate the principles of _fraternity with the discipline of a military democracy ; we who have at last penetrated to the martyrdom of eur country , only through remnants of a thousand disorders which were in onr way ; we are now rendered responsible fer what we have continually straggled against _.
It is thus that they have imputed to our _revolutiona _i-y school , I don't know what absurd strategy , in which poison , the knife , tbe massacre of women and Jews , were _toisnpply _jscience , numbers , and courage . Thus they accuse us of having misapprehended all the lessons which the accomplished revolutions hare left us , in order to plunge Poland into anagitation witbout object or end , in whioh the multitude , scarcely relieved from a night of ignorance , was at once to be called np to the sovereignty
of theft , murder , and incendiarism . And then intending to gain some credit with superficial minds , our detractors have imagined to elevate this scheme to the rank of an economical and social theory , to which , being at a loss for any intelligible definition , they have in the meanwhile given the name of 'Communism / They were not able to give to our militant democracy any other name but that of a phantom , in order to raise against it the ignorant prejudices of all tbe indifferent _individnala who have not thb courage to ask it in the face for its real
programme . Asto tins last imputation , of which our enemies have been prodigal towards tbe Polish revolutionists , it appears to ns as having , in modern persecutions , exactly replaced the same character which the aceasations of sorcery and necromancy performed , in all those atrocious persecutions of the middle ages . This Commqnism , which , like _Larochefoucault ' s * love , ' nobody has ever seen , and of which everybody speaks , is now the assumed crime of all those who cannot be convicted of possible , of explicable ones . If at any price a conspiracy succeed , it becomes simply a historical mutation ; but if it fail to sueh a dagreethat it leaves not even- a trace to be seen throughthe microscope of all your inquisitions , lo ! things are then becoming very fatal
grave ; it is then Communism of the most species . Arm yourselves , to the number ot six , seven , or eight thousand men , as in 1831 ; pas ? over the frontier , battle the whole of a year against the most intimate ally of Prussia , ( for yon all know , gentlemen , tbat such were then tbe relations between the two powers ) , this will be a mere patriotic thoughtlessness . But if you go to project only this thoughtlessness , without carrying it out , at a time when a most formidable Polish revolution ought to disquiet you much less than the most tender assiduities of Russia , directly are they at a loss for the measure of the definition of the delict . Bow do you call that in the legal language ? Try theehanceand eall it Communism , and yoa will not err mere than _thejudgesoftheTemplarsof Jean D'Acre , and of the wife of Marshal _d'Ancre did . * An adopted
reform is nothing else than political economy , tnat is—legislation , administration . But reform in words , in wishes , in paintisg—Communism . An accomplished theft , a proved mnrder , an avowed elopement ; twenty thousand gun-shots are now ™? ..- ' ™ than what they really are , bnt a dream about all that , is incomparably worse than the thing itself , _espccL I ally when thej cannot find out the reason of , and toe key to it , by the simple motive that there is litme . \ Yhy , 8 ir _thatis-you know it well-Commmcusm ? When this strange word , which we all _M _«*« rtan- _* in a different way , is fonnd in an _'B _^^ ot _um-Eatioa , like that , for instance , we have ' under our eyes , we , at least , may ask , whatit reqyires ononr part ? if not , what it meanB ? Bo ' , , gentlemen , what have we to ask , or to reply , to the anonymous requisitions _Iremiisitoires ) which tb . e promulgators oi
The Defence Of Louis Mieroslawski, Conde...
_" alumny have traced on the doors of onr prisons and on the tops of car gibbets ? Is it necessary for me _$ > quote to you all those atrocious , stupid , and _seemuigly good pamphlets , wbich served as guidance , aa _prwumijtwns , as inspirations to the investigations ofthe trial ? Is _theraany heed _toexplain toyoutbe _intentien contained in the _epitkets * demagogues ' and _eommnnists / wasted by certain German writersnpoB the missionaries of the Polish de * rnocnicy ? We demagogues , good Heavens J As if a revolution which has gotthe conscience , of its destiny , eould be anything , else but theaovereien order—but the law in
_battle-tha dictatorship of the party wbo bas made it ! We communists ! If this wor _48 igniB « s _Borne-™«?* . e » e than the merest pretence fer the sphinx which watches over the grave of Poland , it is apparently the putting together , in common , what is possessed . Now , gentlemen , you know very well , that as a state , as a nation ; or as a society ; wa > possess netbing at all , because yon have deprived us of everything in this respect ! Therefore , as yon intend to accuse us bf communism , wait at least until we have recovered , things with which we cotild coomnnise .
No , gentlemen ; our militant democracy has never compromised its good right , by importuning fortune with utter exigencies , with insolent requests—with unreasonable caprices . The Polish democraoy did never expose the patriotism of our nation to impossible trials , because all it desires aad hppw , it desires and hopes ' with determination and sincerity . And first , whatever nfty _. be the ideal towards which this democracy has iesolved ' to advance , through _the-sloiids still unknown of a national revolution , _^ never pretended to arrive at this ideal itself ; it bad very well conceived , together with the most positive and the . most-practical ef modem writers , that what gives liberty is not liberty itself . Paternally determined to _pos ' its fruits for a
pone more fortunate generation , ; our democraoy ; has not endeavoured to discount futurity Tor the benefit of actual _inpatients . Far from leading the country into _faliaci-KiB delusions , it has , on the contrary , without rest , advised the nation to deposit all its rights npon the nnpity ing altar of her duties . It has not concealed from the nation that , in order to become strong , tree and sovereign , Poland has to make herself before all , patient under adversity ; a real slave to rules , and disciplined like an old battalion . May it only please yon , - gentlemen , to study all we have said , written , and _propagated'diiring ten years , and you will ' perceive that the " revolution ,
considered by our democracy , not only as a transitory means of enfranchisement , but , at . the _s-mei time , as the supreme ; synthesis of all the willsrot tee people ,. _.- _therefote , _' _, a . very , l » boriouB , " . ta very severe proof , and not at all one of those murderous follies into which precipitate themselves sometimes corrupted _sooieties , in order to , escape , no matter how ; the hypochondriacal effects of old age , Study ; gentlemen , and study bona fide , our doctrines , and you will discover that . it was by all the rigours of a serious , regular , and persevering warfare , that the masses were to be baptised with , and brought to the sentiment of their , duties , and afterwards their oiviorighte . ¦ __ _ . ' _- ' _Y-- ';
Study , and study again , and you will find thatit was under the imperious pressure bf an united and dictatorial power , that the mechanism of our republican administration , essentially centralising , was to be found . Study , and stndy again , and yon will be surprised by seeing , that it . _was by " suspending individual liberties , provisional independence , -and all digressions of thought , tbat this revolutionary sovereignty would have embodied all wills into one irresistible Combination , intending to rebuild by saoh means , a society and an homogeneous state of the disjointed remnants which the faults ef our forefathers have transmitted to us as our heritage . It is , therefore , not , as you maysee , gentlemen , by
a rigid _coromrae _olall _laitbd , of all opinions , and of all interests for a common sacrifice , that all these various powers would have conquered their civicright in the enfranchised state . Where'is it , then , that you perceive anarchy , demagogu ' iBm _, or social subversion , in our revolutionary programme ? Is tbis I ask you , gentlemen , one of those Utopias which , in order to console themselves for their inadmissibility woald calamniate the real world ; is this one of those volcanie eruptions , which purpose nothing else but to discharge their lava , without taking care what it will please God to sow upon it ? If , in race v ' n * the _principles proclaimed sinee so many years by the Polish democracy , and founded , at least in intention , by the institution of tbe Cracovian government , our detraotora believed having met in onr disastrous attempt , with other symptoms , this is not our fault but theirs ; because it is the business of those who seek , to seek bonafide .
Such is the spirit with which the Polish democracy bas acted upon the country ; # Now , it is notorious that the source of . every political and social propaganda for Poland , deprived of existence as a state , is to be fonnd in the Emigration . It is , therefore , the Emigration which is answerable , both , for the doctrines witb which it fosters the local patriotism , and for their consequences . The country plays , in this emission of light and heat , but an entirely _passure eharacter . : The country is only the reflection of the pr opaganda , but not the laboratory . And , such is the case with all conspiracies , because every conspiracy bring nothing else , but a propaganda , concentrated on a single point , on an indicated focus of reflection . It , therefore , concerns us to know , whether you pretend , gentlemen , to incriminate the mirror of having transferred to the focus of exp ' osion tbe light which the democratic and revolutionary propaganda of the Emigration has projected on its
surface . Observe further , that , by its position , the Emigration alone is apt , not only to elaborate the revolutionary theories , but also to make a real application of these theories for an insurrectional purpose , until an armed force may appear on the surface of the country . Up to that moment the revolutionary elements of the nation repose in a latent state in her bosom , without any active _faculties , without means of waiting for an insurrection . Deprived of every contact between them , sympathetic , but isolated , searching each other in groping about in the dark and uneasiness of a vigilant opposition , they cannot agree about anything withont the mediation ofthe very same Emigration , which already has given to
them both the idea and the temptation of doing it . Itis , therefore , to the initiative ofthe centralisation , and to the mediation of its regular emissaries , and not to diverse local , literary , philanthropic , and eo ~ -i _* omical associations , entangled into act of accu-Eation , that you must recur , ih order to seize an _apprtoiated and responsible conspiracy . Beyond the " circle ofthe plots of the Democratic Emigration exists a whole nation , groaning under the yoke , and interrogating fortune perpetually . There is an ardent desire and vague efforts to re-clench the chain of pnblio life , broken by the dismemberments ; there is , in a word , an abstract corporation of hopes and regrets , exhaling through all the organs of the mutilated country , bnt there is no matter for law-suits ,
but only for persecutions . In fact , if you put aside the emigrations ! participation into the Polish agitation of the last ten years , you will at once lose the measure of apprisation and definition for the remainder . What is it in truth , your law incriminates ? Where from do you take the elements of accusation 1 What are your reasons of distinction between the imprisoned and not imprisoned patriots ? Why only 250 accused , and not 2 , 500 or 25 , 000 ? In a word , gentlemen , what do yon call , conspirators in a nation , of which every body conspires in one or the other way , but to which your repressive rigours have not left the faculty of succeeding ? No , gentlemen , there was no conspiracy among the patriots of Prussian Poland , in a precise and
intelligible sense , in a sense which every law . nowever ngo . rousand intolerant it may bf , requires in order to prosecute , as to what the act of accusation , b *; not having studied our public habit , calls so ; that is nothing else , but the continual , unceasing , necessary expression of discontent , inseparable from every subjugation , and it escapes as well by its fatality as b > y its extending to all the legal means of investigation and of repression . It is history , it is a political drama , it is asocial romance—often terrible , always poignant ; it is whatever yon like , gentlemen , but it is not a lefral proeednre . Bow will you estimate , be it according to nnmber , or , the degree of relative culpabilities , those endless kinds of agitation of which the Polish nation is _composed ? Ia it not evident , that in order to express
tbis chronic , incurable agitation , by your legal ther- ; mometer , it ought to have grown previously into potent and limited action ? Was it aot , for instance , required that the assemblages ot insurgents , projected by the centralisation , had taken place , or at least attempted , to a degree which might have _beenapprisable toyour incrimination . Then only you would have been enabled to review the serious elements of the conspiracy , to count over its forms , touch the real patriots with your finger . - , —make an equitable distribution of what belongs io the executioner , and . what to ridicule ,, without , injuring the one or the other ; for , finally , is it not known to you , gentlemen , that on the dny of proof , Btrange mutations are-going en amongst the diverse categories of the same patriotism , and that at those delicate moments , twenty-four hours aro sufficient to alter completely its battle-array . But , it is said , they preferred to prevent than to
repress : that » very _Uhnstian-iike , gentlemen , out on _"* . e < VBdi * aon of Which none of yon , I dare say , will _coTsk-sUbeimportance : namely , thatthe mistakes , _& e uncertainties , the exaggerations _, the iniquities of precautionary proceedings , may not surpass the _rigours ofa repression . Now I shall prove that it is _i precisely to this difficulty that the prevailing zeal of the authorities ofthe Duchy of Posen and of Oriental Prussia have reduced you . In general , the r * sult of this intemperate zeal was to render doubtful to you what a ' real insurrection would have made simple und clear as a fact ; viz ., that those two provinces , merely destined to advance to us the first costs bf an expedition against the Russian domination in Poland , were not in need of a local conspiracy , and , in fact , they waited without any organisation of tbeir own , for the agents and officers required for this speoial purpose from the Emi _* _grafto _** , f ho vers ft _W _•« _rfttto mm , to
The Defence Of Louis Mieroslawski, Conde...
grtup andi _eariy away the insurrectional contingent whieh the centralisation intended to extract justly or unjustly from them . The preventive _aeal of the Prussian _antborities of these two provinces has substituted an enormous suspicion for tbis fact . no matter whether possible of your repression or not , but about which no legislation could hesitate or be _mistaken . And now , gentlemen , you _arerebndemhed to hesitate and to err withoat an end , just as _ah-eady the inquest has hesitated and erred during nearly two years . Tn particular , this polioe zeal , this infallibility af the gendarmes , produced the result of overthrow-MB all the conapiribg bierachy , ( with you patriotism signifies conspiracy , ) and leaving in the dark and in rest its portion destined for the firo and
for action , exhibiting to yonr attention only a detach- _^ 'fraction ofits evasive and pacific part . What are the symptoms and the features by which yonr accusation recognises a conspirator before the explosion ? ' _¦ ¦ "' Those-, it says , who have taken oaths of obedience io the centralisation ;| _bot , if my memory does not deceive me ; it ia already four years ago when Prussian Poland alone numbered 3 , 600 conspirators ef this kind ; in two years their number bas probably increased by the approach of the insurrection . Why , then , don't wet see on these expiatory benches the whole ' of tbis phalanx , who have taken tbe oath of obedience ? : • ¦ Those , says the accusation , who have been _fewad
in possession of publications of the Democratic- Emigration are conspirators . Very well , bat how will you call all those who have taken care not to wait for the visit ofthe commissary to burn their libraries ? And how those to whom the publications of the centralisation are not revolutionary enough I And those who read nothing at all , through fear , not to spoil their energy ? Others , it is said , have uttered expressions of resentment against the German colonists ; of contempt against the Jews ; of menace against the citadel of Posen ; of . rage against tbeir counsellor of administration ; of fraternity towards the peasants ; of support in behoof of the Catholio religion ; of regret for the integrity of the republic expressions of all sorts and of every intention ; therefore , conspirators t Yet .
_Utesar , who was a better connoisseur of conspirators than any of the attorney-generals , ! , never dreaded but one , who did net speak at all . Then come tbe possessors of weapons , a _« nmunition , and other-: insurrectional materials . Now observe closely , gentlemen , by what means those audacious fellows pretended to overthrow the coalition of M . _uanchen-Graetz . Toys , weapons of the chase' arms of _ltUHty , antiquities just as _unintelligible as' the accusation they are to support ; quantities of powder so voluminous , that the possessors themselves could not detect them when they wanted to destroy them at the approach of the domioiiiary search ; morsels of lead withdrawn on purpose from tbeir _pacifio nee , in orderto kill , not the . _Prussian soldiers , but only the
arguments of the defence ; ' sticks with two ends , just as all sticks are ; whioh the accusation calls * poles for lances ; ' and tbe accused . ' _fire-weod . ' And then , besides all that , some serious weapons , a bit of real ammunition . But ; surely , it _mu-t belong to somebody very scarce in malignity , and who . did ndt en * * _deavour to conceal it , just because he did not suspect that they would suspect him of making any use of it . Strange conspirators indeed ! I Certainly , if the insurrection had had leisure to break out ,. all those arms could . bare made their appearance among others , but neither more nor leak
tnan an those you havo not discovered , as well as those you have left with their proprietors , or . those which the depots ofthe landwehr , the shops o _^ gunmakers , and smugglers , wonld have furnished us with ; neither more nor le 8 _s ;' at last , than the scythes * , dung-forks , and all such things , which cut , pierce , or kill . -m _^ _ttst The depositions of our insurrectional plan show perfectly well that we counted chiefly on a nocturnal surprise of seme military depots , and not on old worn-out weapons , to arm either the expedition from Prussian Poland , or the volunteers whom this expedition would have caused to rise in the kingdom of Poland .
There are others who throw themselves headlong into the peril . Test hut do you know why ? Exactly because they did not conspire ; fer , had they only the slightest practice , the slightest experience in conspiracies , thej _* , snre ] y , would have looked about , aid before doing so . Do you intend to punish them with more severity than those who , after having conspired during fifteen years , avoided the actual embarrassments of those generous men , only because the had the _gsod sense to draw back their pins from they play at the very moment when the others dropped theirs into it ? Who , then , are those prudent men ? All those who , the day after the viotory , would have come forward to claim the price of their character as patriotic veterans . Give us , gentlemen , one , one single day of success , and the next morning we will furnish you with their names in our official
paper . ' There is , finally , a last , but infallible sigh for the accuser of participation ; namely , the knowledge of the plot . No doubt , that in such a case nothing would be risked by accusing the entire population of Prussian Poland , especially little children and women ; for , if to speak of a thing , you must know it , then no plot in the world was ever known more generally understood . Still , again , gentlemen , you ought to be able of better defining tbe plot itself , for in tho actual state ofits definition , the knowledge ef it explains nothing at all , and the accusation is not a bit more advanoed .
In short , gentlemen , it suffices to tell you , that with _itsimposjible pretension of detecting a palpable and organised conspiracy inthe country itself before the day appointed for-the outbreak , tbe act of accusation must necessarily pass by the nineteentwentieth of revolutionists , ] and endeavour to fix itself on a handful of predestined individuals , who have reason to bo rather astonished at this preference . This deception beeomes unavoidable , as soon as , instead of limiting the prosecutions against the immediate agents of the centralisation , against its emissaries and its direct plans , the inquest wanders in a vague attempt to grasp the whole conspiracy , which is the whole nation or nothing at all . We have not
the slightest doubt that this gloominess of mourning and regret surrounding tbe torment of Poland , that this atmosphere , full of tempests compassed only by material violence—we have not the slightest doubt that all that would havebeen condensed , and acquired forms and proportions intelligible to _yourlawBon the day of insurrection . But , before that , there is no matter for a law-suit in what yoa call the conspiracy of the Duchy of Posen and of Oriental Prussia . There is only occasion for reflection on the power which an anti-Russian insurrection of these ancient Polish provinces would have delivered from the mortpoignant apprehension for the future _. But will the procureur of the king ebject—* I cannot draw back witb , my bands empty of any
condemnation . There has b en a conspiracy ; I must get one . '—Why ! there have been even two ; we declare it point-blank to you ; only that the one of them is seizable and the other not , and yeur error consists in that that you intended to confound them together ; the logical result of whieh is- that they will both escape yon , inasmuch as the absurd snatches away the evident one—that of all Poland , the conspiracy of the Democratic Emigration . Sepamte only from this confusion thepreciso ap hon of the agents of the centralisation , and you . will get _holdofallbearingare-ponBiWlity _andasenouacharac-IkUaU Ul ttlfl WbHMUg . _» - _» . _m-m . m , --
ter , whioh eanalone satiate your revenge and furnish a reasonable basis to the prosecution . Attack tbe propaganda and the revolutionary missions of tbe Democratic Emigration ; examine its writings , its trustees , its real instrBment 3 > its plans of insurrection ' s" and of the campaign ; limit , gentlemen , your interrogation to this part ofthe accusation . Stay there your investigation ,, and you will come to a _mulfe . And if , even then _^ . by « ondemnin 2 this category of incriminated ! individuals , you will ! commit a great-political blunder ,, at least , gentlemen , you wilt not inaugurate your era of judicial , publicity , by the mosblaroentable mistake into which a tribunal did em
fall . Ah ! : gentlemen , if cursing , both aloud and in . silence ,. tne violence , the spoliation , the calumny , ' and the inexorable and dark rage of the strong against ths- weak ,. means conspiring ; If clinging at every remnant of a _perpetual ship-* - _" reck ,. ifc exposes one to this penal vengeance * If agonising for eighty years on the cross , - soaked with galKand vinegar-, without being able _either to _desoend Kke Christ , ov to transfigure ourselves upon the mountain of futurity , means participating in a conspiracy ;
If werking oneself - ont of an . _insupportable con . straint , in which congresses keep us crushed , thus , forcing us to consume ourselves by rage , and despair ; if , I repeat , working oneself out of such a _distressing _atate _. byall the t ' ae & lties which God has bestowed even upon the weakest creature ia the weald , is to be guilty of the crime of high treason ; ' It defending our own life ,, and working one's , own emancipation , is to expose people to deatb and irons ; Why , in such a case * not we alone ,, but all Poland i have conspired . BriBg , then , before this bar---Bring all our saints and heroes—bring all who groan , allthose who , on this vas > t surface of an enslaved sell , called * Poland , curso _^ e-hour of their birth , and the wombs oftheir motheW _; ' Extend the enclosure of this hall to the four corners of the world , because eveiy where the bones of Poles , who bave died for the redemption of their fatherland , cry out for accomplices and avengers !
From Jhis point ot view considered , are they not all conspiring ! The infant who listens to the recital of the massacres of Human and Praga . The old man who narrates them , and those , too , who have not forgotten that your _fathers came tn strike ours from behind on the fields of Szizekooing and Wola . And those , again , who _eaeaped the , deadly blows of Sselas knife , and tho Muscovite _pibbets of Siedlce , didthej not revolt also ? Are they not guilty of hig h treaaop , all those who have not yet despaired ofthe justicein God , and appeal fern the earthly tribanals _^ to l _^ sacred promises ? Audit _«* _«|} _JSffiiSttS _tlSf I , ; . . " *'" " - ''' . __ " ' " *"' tt . ' . * « ,,.. ' ..
The Defence Of Louis Mieroslawski, Conde...
Where are the others ! . The inquest plunged fora momem _"s _netsmtotn-J immense , unfathomable , and not tobe . ( iri 8 t - upstream of our agitation , in order io pull out _^ 3 hazard 260 grains of sand , which the accusation _deigned to elevate to the dignity of martjrdom ; and yt u believe , gentlemen , that you have at last got hold oi tlie _radiearavil whioh troubles its Hoods , and _crirosoL * - _-ettt with blood ? ' ¦ ' .- . ¦ _••;; Ab ! gentlemen , do you see tbat it'is the sourfe of , this agitation itself which ought to be dried up , if you wish to prevent as from shedding continually onr blood and-our tears in the _? face-of the Christian world ? And this bleeding source , wbat is it , ] f npb the _dismemfeennen t o f onr fatherland t Therefore , of what consequence can be 260 grains of sand , more or
less , to the unavoidable and eternal consequences of this old holocaust ? Is it possible fo wipe out a hundred years of revolution , !)? passing over them a _sponge saturated with the gall ofa coder ? lie not _astonishid , gentlemen , if we repeat ' inees _* _santly , if we repeat even to tke extinction of « ur voices , that we are punished , not for our resistance , but for tbe irreparable harm inflicted upon us nearly ¦ a hundred years since . Bat our oppressors would like ' to forget the past , tbey like to torn away their sight , in order tbat tbey may not perceive that every convulsion wbieh shakes Poland is nothing else bnt the unavoidable eounterstroke ofthe attempts committed ) against her by the very powers which now afiect to * be surprised at our acts . . ' , . The _jnost timid , the most inoffensive being . whom
_youvtould deigp to crush nnder your , feet , will re- * sist and use its . utmost . strength to protect itse . ll , by biting tbe heel which tramples it ; and can you pre- * tend that a whole natien , that a giant buried alive in a too narrow coffin-, may not shake to his jast breath ) the brutal plank whieh oppresses bis heart . A re the-Titans , whose despair the jealousy of Jupiter ha * _prushed , sleeping _ejuietly under the mountains ? And is it the fault of these poor tortured creatures , if therattle of thoir , eternal _ajony , piercing the craters of tbeir tombs , troubles sometimes _^ the banouets _ofthv celestial autocrat ? , - _,-Tbe orator was _proceeding io further develope tha intentions of the Democrat !* Emigration , when he was interrupted and silenced by the president of the Prussian court . „
* *Webuglj3nme»Wul4»"U Vswwof, Admiral B...
* * WeBuglJ 3 nme » wul _4 » "U _VSwwof _, Admiral Byng , for example , """" " . ' ¦ _....- - *¦»• -
The Reform Movemejst'&N Fjaanqei', : Spu...
THE REFORM _MOVEMEJST' _& N _FJaANQEi ' , : _SPUrra THB CAMP . —THH ' _BWOllMB * AKD _^ _BB - ' - *¦• • • ¦ ¦ . * nawo » ai .. _—mncift'b _^ _'OTiiooRAor . '¦ ' > . ¦ •¦• Since my last _the'hanquetg ofLiile , _AVosnes _) and Valenciennes , have been _heldt . A ** esnes was merely constitutional ; _Valenciennesthalf-and-half ; Lille a decided triumph of demooracy ove . r .. _middle-class intrigue . Here are , shortly , the facts _snnoiraiBg this most _importantmeeting _: — . , _^ : y'' vi . Besides the liberals aed the party « _thetfATlokii' ; the demoorats of the Reform *; had teen invited , and Messrs _Lcdru-Rbllin and Flecdnfiditor of the lastnamed paper , had accepted the invitation . M . JOdil _. Ion Barrot , the virtuous middle-class _thunderec was ?
also invited . Every thing waav ready ,- _> the- _^ _fbaste were prepared , when all of _^ ' sodden M _. ' _Odillou Barrot declared he eould not _insist ; nor . speak to his toast ,: '• Parliamentary Refom _^ nl _ess _-tpatrefor m was qualified by adding : — ' as a ffieatis'to insure the purity asd sincerity ofthe _irisfittitidhs conquered in July , 1830 . ' This addition • _tStd . _inledj ' of-course , the republicans . Great _oonsternationvjf thefcommittee ensued . M . Barrot _wbb-inflexible . ; ' _' -At ' _-ftst j * k _* ffW resolved to submit the decision to _^ _the-vhole _^ _ieeting _But"themeetin * very plainly _yde _^ _laredithey _•^ roulo have no alterations In tho _pj-ograroihe ; thejLwonld not violate the _understancMng ' unmV ' _wMoV _theflemocrats-had come to Lille . YM _^ adi _^ n _^ _arrot _^ nlong with his ' tail of liberal _debWietaWd' _editofej
_scornfully retired ; Messrs Flooon and _Ledru-RbllrCPwerersentfor , the banquet took ' _-place-4 n spite Tof the liberals , and Ms Ledru _' _aspeec _^ was _rapturously applauded . ' _- _tiat _^ ' ' ''¦ _v- _^ X . "* . Thus the treacherous plot ' _-orlhe _middle-efess re < formers resulted in a glorious triumph of derri _^ cracy . M . Odillon Barrot had todCca _' _top shamefitll y , and will _, never dare to show his face again in the democraticcity of Lille . His only excuse was , he had uhder-Btooa the gentlemen of the _Rspoeme " intended to profit by tbe Lille _banquetv _. _torget up a _revolution—iin the very depth of _tranquillity . ! A few days after , M . _Barifritrgot some consolation intheAveBnes banquet , a mere _Tamily meeting of some middle-class liberals . ' -Here he had the
pleasure of toasting the King , But at _Valt-nwenHes he was again obliged to pocket his favourite sentiment , dropped so sadly at Lille ; no King ' s health was to be drunk , although the formidable _gettersup of revolutions , at the shortest notice , . were not at hand . The _discomfited thnnderer will _& ave to devour hit " virtuous indignation until , another hole-and-corner banquet will-allow _hiraietjdenojiqcp ' anarchism / 'physical _foreiam , ' and _tccjqmunism , ' _-. to tjie astounded grocers and talk > w et » _no ' lera of aomo petty provincial town . i _^ _iiyies ' rr" v The Lille banquet _produoe'd [ _est _& brdinary discussions in the press . The _Conservative papers shouted ; triumph at the division iu the _^ ranks of the reformers . M . Thiers ' " old and drowsy _ConItitotionnel , aiid the Sieclb , M . Barrot ' s ' own , ' ' - all of a sudden
wereseized with the most dreadful convulsions . - . * No / shouted tbe indignant _SiBCLB-J _^ . its _shopkecpiug public , ' no , wo are none of these anarchists , we have nothing in common with these _reatorers'pf . the reign of terror ; with these followers of Slarat and Robespierre : we would prefer to their - -reign bf blond the present system , were it even a hundred times worse than it is ! ' And quite rightly ; for such - peaceful grocers and tallow-chandlers the white nightcap is a hundred times more fit than the rod cap of the Jacobin . At the same time , however , that these papers heaped their v'lest and most _virulent abuse upon the Refobme , they treated the National with tbe utmost esteem . The National indeed , £ as behaved , on this occasion , in a more than cWubti ' ut
manner . Already at the banquet of Cosnb , thi ? paper blamed the conduct of several democrats who would not assist on account of the king ' s health being proposed . ' Now , again , it spoke very . coolly-of the Lille banquet , and deplored the accident which for a moment troubled tho demonstration , while several provincial allies of tbe National openly attacked the conduct of Messrs _Ledru and Flocon . The Rifoumb now asked of that paper a more explicit declaration . The National , declared his article tobe quite explicit enough . Then , asked the Re _** orihs , what was the deplorable accident at Lille ? What is it you deplore ? _IsitM . barrot's or M _. _Ledru-Rollin ' s conduct you deplore ? is-it M . Barrot ' s impudence or his bad luck you deplore ? Is it M . Ledru ' _s speech
in favour of Universal Suffrage ? Is it the discomfiture of monarcbism , the triumph of democracy , yon deplore ? : Do you avow ,, or not , what _your ' pwmn . cral allies say oh this occasion ? Do you accept the praise of the _Sikchh , or do you take- your : part of the . abuse it heaps upon us t Would you _hWe _^ _hdvised M . Marie ,. your friend ,. to submit , _jf ; ai _^ _rfeansi . _ftf ; Odillon Barrot had made Bimilar pre" ? ensiona _^ l The National replied ,, from party motives'ther ** woiild have no controversy with the _EiEBonsia : they were not responsible for articles sent to provincial _^ papers by a ' friend' of theirs ; as to the other questions , the past ofthe National allowed them to paps them ' unnoticed , and not to trouble themselves with a _renlvl" The Rbfobmh . eave the whole of this reply ,
with- this remark , only : — * Our _cjnestions Jem ain / Democrats now have tbe documents under tneir eyes —they may judge for themselves- This they have done ; a whole host ofi radical , and ( even liberal , papers- <> f ' France bave declared in the most decided terms for the Rsboemen 'Ihe conduct of the National , indeed ,, _deserves _thestrsngest blame . Thia paper is getting more and more into the hands of _themiddle-clnssss .. It has of late always deserted the cause of democracy at the decisive moment ; it hasalways preached union , witk tbe middle-classes , and has on more than * one _ovcasion served nonebut ThieBs and Odillon _Bassat . If the _Natiokai * do 83 not very soon change its _conducts it will cease to be- counted' as- a dssaocratic paper . And in this L * Ue affair , the " . _Naxdosul , out of mere personal " antipathy against men move _radical than itself _,, has not hesitated to sacrifice the very principles upoa
which itself had ! contracted an alliance with the liberals in _, order to get up banquets . After what has passed ,, the _Naxiosas . will nover again be able to _~ oppo 3 e seriously toasting the King at future banquets . _Tho- ' past ' of theN 4 C « o _* 'Axiisnot so very _ferigtit a * to allow of its answering by silence only the-f _^ _uostions of its contemporary .. Tbink only ofits _deface of tha Parisian _Bastiles !; p . v __*** he Reform . Banquet of DijoiUbas comeoff : this week . Thirteen hundred sab down ab . I dinner . The whole { . San-was thoroughly democratic . _INo . _toast to tbe king , of course . All the _speakersibelonged to the party ofthe _Rwohhe . MM . _Louia ; _, _Blaoe _, F / _locon , E . _Arago , and _Ledru-Rgllin , were the chie £ speake * s . M . nocon , edivoif . of irhp _itr . _jwnj ** , ! spoke to the toast of the foreign democrats , and _menti oned _, the English Chartists in a -very _nonourable manner . Next week I shall give _yftuhis speech at full length , as well as a lull report of the whole proceedings of this most _important meetin ** .. *
Mxunchoiv Smcidb—Earls On Saturday Morn,...
Mxunchoiv SmciDB—Earls on Saturday morn _, ing last considerable sensation wai caused in _R'P ° » by a report that John Ho _& sr . n , Eso . _.. of Norton Conyers _, about four miles fawn that city , had comroitted ' suicide , by _Bhootlne _touwalf with a gun . Ihe toea , about 45 ye 0 rs _^ age , was a gentleman of verv extensive property ,, and much respected as a iSS _-eW « t ' RiP ° B . and o the North Riffof Yorkshire . An inquest was held , on view of the bod y , before _^* m . _Dinsdale , Esq ., coroner for ¦ _Jb . 523 . Riding , "and a respectable ury . After oiroumstanccs verdict of
fullv investi _gating the , a ' Temporary Ins _' _ABity , ' was returned . _Pbosog-ui-h _* - _:, or Wmtiko the past weelr- two popular lectures the _principle of this art , have spectable audiences , at the stituti r , by Mr George _WithersTT phio institution , Bath . We un ln _^ ruetion in the art bav e _toeui _lostitutioni under the direction I that upwards of fifty . _papilsaM _iMttB « w .. :,,
Bt Sound.—During , Ewkuatotsov B*Je^Eli?...
bt Sound . —During , _ewkuatotsoV b _* je _^ _eli ? _eredviOe . _GreeStooh P _. _^ itei-v _A _^ _j thePti _. _toogi !!* - _- _& Mttjnd _^ eV- _^ fer ' _-WNna WW < to _^] _With"tfd , i B ! hd ! _^ _W _^ agfjd-iA i g lMi ! bt Sound . _—During urea , _ej _^ _laisatotsot _, _bt _^ eli _^ _-H-ed _. _^ J te . w _^ _i _& _% _rsthfctlie _, P . _hoaiogist-. ' n ifl _*^ tana : * lfA 5 s 8 _^ , f 8 _tS _9 _ffi
-
-
Citation
-
Northern Star (1837-1852), Dec. 4, 1847, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_04121847/page/3/
-