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'' "' '' ' Y V' ' ' Dufour pHed thatit t...
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C comma* ana jrumgn, |S
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"""— SWITZERLAND. I -» • - rtvntnon'W th...
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-The Canadian' is tbe title of a new wor...
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MONDAT , NoviMBsa 20. HOFSB 0? lORDS .-T...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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'' "' '' ' Y V' ' ' Dufour Phed Thatit T...
_^ CTiiMB 4 _,-18 _tf .. ... _¦¦' _.- ' _. .,, y . y . yy . ; . _¦¦ . •¦¦• . _^ YtBrNOltTBEllN STAR V ' . "' - ' ' : ' ., ¦' ¦ ¦ ¦ ' ' ' _; 7 .. ;
C Comma* Ana Jrumgn, |S
_C comma * ana _jrumgn _, | S
"""— Switzerland. I -» • - Rtvntnon'w Th...
_"""— SWITZERLAND . I - » - _rtvntnon ' _W ths mum _raox _nraonat . 5 } £ _^ CT 0 B 1 B 8 ! _~" CAPTinus op _MOBBW ¦ _.. iy . _TrTBVBN * _**¦ _rBncisrv « _CAirOJtS . 2 _SlLOTlOS OP THB SONDESBOIID . »<* wdata _ofafege was raised in the canton of _Fri' _ni-Twi thel » th * ° * * h e •* _-Vjtt * 8 Provisional L _^ _nien tiBtted the Mo- « ing _dwree :- _* jP _^ _Ta _^ m bj « reoantanc *{« to adopt tha west rt J * at _ineas- * _rea to arrest the caune of tha _evHi which h _^ r « h * n the counSy , and preventthefr recurreace ; _^ YL . tiieaece « ion of the canton of Fribourg to the _u ' _Ylaai . onal _l" _* 06 _aiafA the _8 < n » dethund waa prindt _^ _f _t 8 _*« tt * o * ' tba _Jesuita and their associates ; in jfL of ( he decree of tha "federal Diet , dated 8 rd Sep-Jrlm 1847 , which declared the Society of Jesus to be tiHe with order and _tran-inillity fa 8 witeerland of to
_^ _jM , ItJ _^ _faiited the canton "fribonrg expel them from i ? _t « irito _** f ; _' * i « hJnS toMcnre tothe dvil authorities the _tSLtt of action _necesiary for tha lattmg padfieaticm of * aTc * ntien , * ad _bsax > g _inveated with tbe txttmute power * _stZssrreion fhtm bythe resolution of tae popular as . l- _^ y held on the 15 ffi Sovember last ; We have _deaJrted : — Tbe _, f _* uit , _« «> rP < w » fiOM congwg » ttoaf , b _«* _era , and _profe-fora affiliated to that orier _, are _iSiihed for ever from tha Fribonrg territory . Thin « , _!»«« _appliea *&• Jesnita , tte _-UgootUna ,-tbe i _SLunites . or Item _Ijngraatvat ; the Brethren ti the i _A-i _ctiaa Sodrine , the SUttra of St Joseph , the Siiten l _of St Vincent of _Paule , and the Hum of the Holy Heart i Co * _-gt « 8 tion- _*** corPo _*** _tiont of that description shaU I _jjotfo future be permitted ta settle ia the canton under -a denomination or pretext _wbattover _, _to-mrcnaseproto direct
t _« ftj in it , or public or private _ettabfishm-mts i _ff the _edocation of youth . Tbe individuals belonging ; _te those orders and congregations shall quit the eaatc-n _; _jjtim the space of thrice- 24 hours from tha publication _( _jftlwpresent decree . AU theproperty , _aovable or real , -guessed by the above-mentoned corporations , is to _jjdcom e tie property of the State , aid its proceeds to be _, _« _tfirf to public Instruction . - To _thattfibet itis to be _^ _oettared , and , after an inventory ofit shall have been ttken , it shall be placed under the civil administration _, fljeee-sioa or sales of any part of _s-. id property as far ( tele as the 15 th of _Oetobsr , are considered null and void . Tbe directors of the department of the police and finance ue respectively charged frith the execution of the present _deoree , Tbe present decree becomes obligatory _imme-Sately oa lu promulgation , aad shall be published and patted up in the usual places . The President _Set-iucs .
_TheCtianctllorDrBiBCHTOiD . _Fribourp _. Jfov . 10 . Zat * speedily followed the example of Fribourg , an _ggagem'nt bad beea _fonebt between the federal troops and the people of _ZofV-lhe result of whicb lad proved unfavourable to the latter , thereupon the _jsB _^ n surrendered . The following are the terms of the capitulation *—Article 1 . The caatonof Zug secedes from the Sondex . "jasd . Art . 2- Tfaefederal troops will occupy the cantos on _jj » _evtaiti-c of tbe _SXad . AR . S . The federal _troapt will Tbe lodged and main fan-ed in tha canton of Zug , according to tha military regulation-. Art . 4 . Zug will disVand its troops , whose arms will fce deposited in the cantonal arsenal . The troops of tbe other state * ofthe _SoBgerfcund will quit tbe canton _ofZue .
Art . 5 . The arms of the lsndsturm are likewise to be deposited in tke cantonal arsenal . Tiie remaining articles are a mere repetition of thoso cf tbe capitulation of Fribourg . On the whole of the army of the Swiss Diet crossing the frontier of Lucerne , on the . 22 nd . the _Gommander-in-Ghief issued the following order of * £ eday : —¦ Federal soldiers , —Ton are about to enter tbe canton of Lucerne . As soon as you shall bave crofted the frontier , lay aside yonr _anjer , and think only of _accomplishisg the dnty imposed upoa you by your eountry . March boldly against tbe enemy ; fight bravely , and stick to
• four colours whilst you bave a drop of blood in jour veins _; but as soon as victory shall have declared itself on oar side , forget all ideas of vengeance ; behave like generous -warriors , and spare th * wounded . * _7 ou will thus show true courage . Under all circumstances , as I Have already commanded , respect the churches and all buildings appropriated to pnblic worship . Nothing _triU dishonour yonr standard so much as outrages * g > xnst religion . Take under yonr protection aU defenceleu persons , and da not allow them to be outraged or _{ _U-treated . Destroy nothing without necessity , and mmitnoact . of _ahhonesty . Inaword , _tondnctyenrsekes in sue a way at to merit esteem , and show yourselves worth of tbe name you beer .
As they advanced the landstnnn fellbackupon the & WD . The Commander-in-Chief also addressed a prodamaiion to the people n Lucerne , in which he dedare that the Catholic religion _ihaU remain intact , and that those who state tha contrary deceive the public He exhorted the citizens to reifl * is in their houses , assuring them that if they did no harm shoald come to them . Although the federal army converged to the city of Lucerne in five columns by different roads , it was thatdiviuon commanded by Colonel _Zieeler , advancing 6 y the road running parallel tothe Reus * , which it was evident must first arrive atthe capital ofthe league asd decide tbe contest , and it was accordingly against tbis that General Salis Seello directed his chief defences . The road follows the left bank of the river to Sina , and thence to Gislifam , where it passes by a brid ge to the right hank . In advance of
Gislikon . at Honan , a strong redoubt was construct _^ on an eminence , the gun * of which swept the road by which tbedivisioa of Ziegler must past . This division h aving crossed the river at a lower peint by means of a bridge of boats , advanced to the fortef Honan by the right bank early os tbe mora * ing ef the 23 rd . Here a pharo action took place , which lasted several hours , at the close of which the fort was taken by assault by the column commanded by Colonel Egloff . The loss sustained on both aides in this affair ia reported to have been considerable _, not the official returns nothavingbeen received such estimates can have no other ground than mere conjecture . _Thefederal troop * then advanced to Kotb , a small village within a league anda half of Lucerne , where they _asain encountered a vigorous resistance . Here tbe _troorsof the Sonderband suffered severely three battalions being cafc off bos the maia body aad compelled t * lay down their arms- It was at first renorted . but . SB it after sards proved ,
erronMMly . tfaat General _Sdia _SogliohimKi _^ among the prisoners on this occasion . It « affirmed , how ever , that the general was wounded in the cheek _, and that one of his _aidfrd _* camp surrendered to SndWr . Afterthis _firt _^ _jwMte troops of the primitive cantons took flight m complete confadon . escaping into the momita-n _^ while tbo-e of _Lncerae re _^ ted _prccipiUWy to the city . Meanwhile the federal _ttwps advanced and _j-4 nheheighta _-aMdieoamand the tOTO , without furtherre * utance . when , _" " _*!* J % _^ _Z'W ? tie city , on the morning of the . 24 th nlfc summ _* o _^ red _oiwn dition allj . In the middle ofthe n reced . ing _aipht , the goveraor , accompanied by General Salin So * _-lio , escaped on the side of tha lake by a _Seam-bSr _^ _rrj _^ «* _«* _* _" » _ttfiS _« and the most important papers . On tbe _^ moraine _^ of tbe _2-tth , the federal troops are reported to have bewelf received on entering thetown . in vtJ rf
en WhUetb _^ e evento to ok _pkee _«» I ajr the ta ? £ Mon of Gmur was _^ _° f . _^ _° _£ caatonof _Z-ig along the shores of the-fake of that name , and it _cncnnnter _^ igorons r _^ nce at a strong position at _Rooterberg . _owup « d _^ by ft _^ _roops _tfSll _^ mmi _VmlmTmm _^ _Mi _^^ a _^ f _ahri-kensaeement . aad thiacolumn _formettajuncfiSwithtKf _^' onel Ziegler . before _ttearn v * ofthe _htter at Lucerne . w ..-- * _«¦" : _•»*•• TheZmxcBGAttrTB _^ fth _^ _T f _^^ the affair at CSalilton , tatai _^^ f _*^ _ijjgj to Lucerne , where he found that _«* J » _SJ 3 of M . Ruttimanallthe members ; _« Jg » _WS * S _hadfled . Wher _^ pon the general of the _^ nderbnnd _declaredtacnly thathe w _^ _ald f _^ . « _K ? tiie <» mii 2 ndbad he believed thathe wonld be con * nected with such miserable creatures .
. . ... _Siace the _alnve was written we have _K _^ J _* _^ Havana of 2 ftb ult . Thatjouraalaays J ** _" _*^" at three in tbeafternoo * i of the 24 _thaAtAa fei _^ troops entered Lucerne . Three bat _^ _JoMi of _'H » Lucisne troops were made _pngoaen . _^ _* ° J _» _- bond General , Sonneberg , was al _» made pnsoner . The Lucernese lost six pieces _£ _-f _^ l- * _£ * 5 mounted and four captured . The loss of the federal troops ia reported to be seventy men . The _fl-aVari _,. announces in _apostopt that the federal troops had entered the March ot _Schwyte . _andthatthat-antonwaa-Ji _^ dyoMnpied . The Mowing letter bas been _ailnWI to Ite _CossTnOTiosni *! by _^ _^ T _^ _mJ _^ S * ritfenon 25 _thait ., thedayafterthe fed € ral troops
« Ei 5 E .. ro _^ _government tooV to _^ on _thenightof tie 28 nJ , in _rteamera , _trfdng _*«* . *« * tte _meabnsoftierdistoa . _toase * , men mad _womeg _th _^ _erit _^ _rentblug _lnfaAwto _*' _' _** J _^ _Jj _J _« ring the _miforlmto lucernes * to to _^ _J _ewqueror ,. The _^ _ternaUon ofthe _iiA . _^ «» « o great tobe _Scribed ; they no lo _^ _«™ _Wpphcated almost on their kneertte liner * i _^ tte mum-dad counca to _«•» J _*«* : . ; . t _n . oould . _» tteiiI _« rg . _W- _^ ier . pronii- « 4 ft » dt > w _? " , - _^ _T _^ _ttetownwitioutreristance . Onr ddto _* _^"™™ fttir arm . _the-ama night , and « _W _***! _S --eKght . The red are _aacaedlngly ln « l » " L _^ S _Astmr t _oau . _diqae . Our M end , entered to town oa the ' tfternooaol _tkepitb . aad were _^ _' J _*™^ _bnt _. w _.-toii . _V eighty _^ _Jjj _^ _j _two _ofEtem hutwedoBot compIauj . _L-wis _p _"""" " 111
-j «« e omv 6 fl : «« of _Luewna that was killed . The _foL _^ _hwb _^ _^ _" _^* 4116 _*^ * al from BeraeV & e 26 tfa alt * " « « _.- _!« . et - _* _S _& as . _* aSt = sSr _towrea chediiec-mftto _s _*^ « _* _« G _**
"""— Switzerland. I -» • - Rtvntnon'w Th...
Dufour wpHed thatit was _toolata -that tha gates must be opened without delay , ibi _, was eventually agreed io . and tuo next day apart of the _Hagler division en . ered about one _o'aods , the chief town of the league . _ftemiUta- _T baHdofthepl _^ _ana . _peatuumberofth ; _mhaKtants , long suffering under the " yoke of the Sleg . ]! f" _?^* "l tbe _Ve en _» _w _^ _V as their escort . Fisr _* with federal odours were displayed from tbe windows of a great number ofthe homes . T he _mualcipal _authorities bad already tekrm proper steps to insure lodgings fer the troops . Th-- same dav , about four o ' clock , was _saea to deboneb at _K-ieoe , s _villsge about half a league to the south of lucerue , the vanpiard ofthe _Ochsenbein diri-ion , and seen after the division itself appeared . After almost continual _engaj-ements . either with tha
regular troops or wita the _land-tormers , this _divi-ion had succeeded iu turning the strong pailtiotuof Sonnenbergand eutich , by entering intrepidly the defile of Renggish . They werenotaware of that fact the Lucerne bad surrendered , and itis evident from tbis bold march conceived and executed with the utmost ability b y Col . _OchsenbeiB , that if Lucerne had not been already taken it would bare fallen with tbe greatest / acUity six hours later , inconsequence ofthe advantageous position which this column had taken up . From verbal accounts given m » by several _pfKoaspw-ent at the attack of Gi . dkon , it appears that the loss of tha federal troops was considerable . They snffered , in patticular , from a body f riflemen belonging to theprimitire cantons , posted in a little wood . It wai at last fonnd necessary to sue
round tha s _*» t «* iakfll the greatest number of them , the rest were made prisoners . As to the troops of the Donate division , tbey arrived on the _marning of the 21 th , without meeting with any great _rossistance , at _Eicheabacb , about two leagues from Lucerne .-on the northeast ; those of the _Bourckhardt diviiion , after harinf buonaeked near the bridge of tbe Emme , moved forward , and a part of them entered Lucerne yesterday afternoon . The inhabitants of this place ( Berne ) were agreeably surprised this morning at seeing the mail -arrive from Lucerne in a _char-a-bane . The post-office administration of Lncerne wrote word tbat they aro delighted to see tbe former relations _reannud . between the two placet , and express a bepe thatthe intercourse may not beagain interrupted . '
/ _iAsoTHER . Acc . ou 5 T .-i- > Lucerne has _falle-j j . Tbe j anay of the _confederation , under General Dufour , advanced against . it on the 22 nd , nlc . from fonr points . Fierce reeistanie waa offered to tbe corps of ' . Och * _senbein . whose artillery , soon repulsed the Lucernese . Bnt the most important engagements took -place north of Lucerne , where General Gmur attacked the bridge of Gislikon , and carried it , together with the fortified positions of Roth and Dierikon , forcing his way by the evening ofthe 23 .-d ult-, to ths very gates of Lucerne . That evening , says the Basle Gazette _, a deputation from Lucerne arrived at the headquarters Of General Dafour , at Smis . a town on the Reus , a few miles from Lucerne with propositions fora capitulation . The general answered that it was too late , and demanded the unconditional submission of tbe city .. This submission was consented to on tbe morning of the 24 th -alt-, and the federal troops marched into the town .
On the 23 rd ult General Dafour sent a despatch to _t-te President of the Vorort , announcing his success . The _landstorm of Lucerne disbanded on the 23 rd ult . AtSursee . in the canton of Lueerne , the troops af the confederation were received with welcome , and enthusiasm , the white flag . being hoisted . On the 23 rd , a division of the federal troops , under General Keller , marched into Schwyte and _oeeonied _Scheiebach . Rekhenbonig , and Siebnen . tbe _landstorm disbanding , and the authorities of the district _capitulating . . ( From the Correspondent ofthe Times . ) LUCERNE , _tfov . 26 .
I arrived at this place , the head-quart-re of General Dufour , early tbia morning , by the diligence which left Basle last evening . It was the first jour * ney which had been made between the two towns since the investment of Lucerne , and the apprehension that there might be some obstruction or disturbance en the road deterred several persons from availing themselves of the occasion .. The apprehension , however , was groundless for although there was a good _dealofshonting and singing at the _tavera-dcora in the various towns _. we passed through , there was no indication of hostile or angry _ieelini _* . When we arrived atthe first post-house within the frontier of the canton of Lucerne , the ear was saluted with sounds of boisterous mirth , louder than any
which , we had heard before ; and opon looking ont to inquire the cause , the mob pointed out to us a * tree of liberty , ' of state _WimenBio-is , which they said they had forced the landsturm to erect in the course of the preceding day . I need not say that I waB agreeably surprised to hnd the worthy Luoernois in such good humour , and wiliugly pledged tbem and their Patricia bumpers of sour wine . I mayadd thatat all _thepoethoafes and taverns along the road from this point we found similar monuments and manifestations , the latter increasing in noise as we approached the town . Some miles from Lucerne also the road began to be crowded on either side with troops bivouacking , or already on the move for" their quarters . Amongst these the most exemplary spirit of cheerfulness and
good order appeared to prevail . I watched them narrowly , and did not see a single man the least intoxicated , and they mixed with the villagers npon terms of perfect friendliness . _Although we left Basle with only twa passengers , myself and a little stout enthusiastic German , the places were all filled before we reached the frontier of the canton—filled , it appeared , by emigrants wbo had been driven from their homes by the political troubles , and who gladly took the first opportunity of returning . Their joy as they recognised one another , and shouted out words ol welcome and triumph to all the loiterers along tbe road , created a scene of excitement such as I never witnessed before , and shall not soon forget .
Arrived within the gates ofthe tows , we found the _streets actually one mass of soldiery of all arms , so thatit was with difficulty we made oar way through to the post-house ; yet from first to last the most _-sjriecterder prevailed , and cold and hungry asdoubtless many of them were , they interchanged salutes with the passenger " , and the conductor , and the caaehman . as if they had all met upon some occasion of file , instead of in acaptured city a few hours after an obstinate _engagement attended with much lots on both sides . The shops , of course , were all closed , and so , indeed , were the houses generally , and have remained so during the day . Very few ot the
inhabitants have been out of their doom , though , from what I have observed ofthe temper of the _toldiery , I reallj do net think they would have much to fear if they had shown themselves . Although the vast body of federal troops , after the __ surrender of the town , poured into it from four different quarteis , I have ascertained tbat very few instances of violence _ajraicst the property of tbe Inhabitants _oocarred , and that they were immediately checked , and the offenders in moat cases arrested . _ Yesterdaj an attack was made upon the house of Siegwart Muller ( a hated name ) , which was gutted , but the rioters were captured , and there is now a guard over the house .
_^ Amongst the troops of the captured city who were _di-armed , were some 300 from thecant-. nof Valais , who were lef t in a very destitute condition far from their homes , the military chest having been taken away bv Muller and his friends . They presented a _ttuserabfe picture as they stood all ibe morning under the windows of the Scheisgerhoff _^ the General ' s head-quarters . It la worthy of mention that a subscription was raised for their immediate relief by some charitable individuals , and in the afternoon they were seat to Basle , where they will remain in quarters nntil farther orders . With regard now to the progress of this deplorable civil war . lou bave already heard ofthe capture or capitulation of Fribouif , Zug , and Lncerne—three ont of the seven leagued cantons . Yesterday the capitulation of Unterwalden arrived at head-quartern , and to-daya laige body of troops have marched _tooccuov that territory- Ofthe remaininzthree
_eahtbna , Schwytzyesterdaysenttohead-quarterstn ask for _twanty-four hours for deliberation , which wasgrauted . This armistice expires to-day , bnt at the movement ef writing I have not beard that their ultimatum has arrived . If they do not surrender , tbe federal troops will probably marchagainst them with out delay . It is remarkable , as a fact very favourable to the federal cause , that the weatherisunusualiy mild for the time of year ; bad-tbeen otherwise , the troops would probably not have been able to effect what they bave done . ' No definitive arrangements have yet been promn " ; eated for the future governmentof Lucerne , which is at present nnder the protection _^ military . This evening , however , a meeting of some of the townspeople took place iu an open space opposite the Cafe Ito Theatre , when the _Er-ftesident of the Criminal Court addressed them on the snigect _, and eventually a committee of seven was _appomied to de . liberate on the matter , and who are to report at nine
o'clock to-morrow morning . When I wrote yesterday from Basle , I stated that same doubt was thrown npon tbe reported capture of Ammaun and Salis Soglio , With _wgard to the former , there is now no doubt . He is safe in pnaoD . Tbere exists great exasperation of feeling against al It was interesting to see , in the midst of all the bustle here to-day ,. bovt the _aoldiera flocked to _gase noon the celebrated Helvetic lion , sculptured in the -olid rock bj Thorwaldsen . in commeration of tbe
ilanchter ofthe Swiss _liuaros on _inememoraoie ioiu _oWgnstri 793 ; and it would be wdlif their minds eould be disabused of the impression , but too pieyalent , that Franee is now requiting this act ofdevotun with treachery . ... j . rostseript . -At the moment of closing my desnatch . I have the Mowing from the highest authorftvt-Thecanton of _Schwylz haseapitnlated , subject to ratification , which will take place to-monrow . _^ heGfind C ouncil of Uri hasassembled to dehberate the _ptoprietyoteapMatine .
upan From another w trttpondent ofthe 2 _Tj-n « . Lucebke , Nov . 26 . The primitive Swiss cantons , Uri and Unterwalden . terrified and discouraged since the loss of the tattle rfGisBfcon . have this dav sent a flag of truce to General Dufour . They offer to submit to the Jrde _« e ? Se _Dietif the government will not insist _nS _^ p _yiBfthea coMtryTfitli a _xnJ-tarjtooe _,
"""— Switzerland. I -» • - Rtvntnon'w Th...
or demand that they should _dafray the expenses of to *™ - . It appears certain that the capitulation wai be signed this afternoon . This fact ieof the highest importance , _masmttoh as it was believed to the present moment tbat those mountaineers , who « cowardly _^ _omdnct at present renders them really nnworthy of their ancestors , would have made a _despe rate resistance . The defeat of the Sonderbund is _W *?; ,. T Io » « f tte _twe parties _engagsd in thp afftir of Gislikon , which had all the importance of a battle , was inconBideraWe . TbB federals admit 230 killed and wounded ; the troops of the Sonderbund about 200 . General Soglio , who was wounded in tbe head , _hastakenres ugeinUri , wherehemetlhechiefs ofthe government of Lncerne and the Jesuits , who fled some hours previoBaly . _i'atkb _inikixioercb , The Jesuits Expillid bt thb _Pkop-jc ov _Ltjchhse . ( From the Correspondent of the _Tnius . )
' . _Luceusk , Nov . 2 _f _. An interesting event occurred this day—the assembling of the people to make arrangements for their future government ; The place of meeting was in the open air , opposite the Cafe da Theatre , and the only preparation made was a large deal stage or table on which the orator for the time being stood . Here _Hertenstein , formerly President of the Court of Appeal , but who waa removed by the late Government in 1811 , opened the proceedings . He moved that the Provisional Government of the canton for the time being should consist of the members ofthe existing MunicipalCouncil ( all Liberals , ) with the addition ( in conformity with the provisions of the Constitution of 1841 ) of two members from each bailiwick ( five in number . ) This resolution being pnt toa show of hands was carried , but not without some signs of disapprobation beine directed against oneof the names .
DrSteinger then rose , and was received with enthusiastic cheers . -This gentleman ' s history is a remarkable one in the history of his canton . He was imprisoned in a miserable dungeon by the dominant party in 1845 , and condemned to death , for having been oneof the leaders , of the Corps Francs , and he escaped eventually by breaking a hole through the wall-of his dungeon .-with the- connivance of the guard set over him _. When thecbeers with which be was received had subsided , the Doctor said he understood the reason of the discontent ofthe meeting _.
aad moved that the name ofthe obnoxious individual in question should be expunged from the list ot the Council . ( The person in question had been the printer of the Stats _GiSEirs ef tbe Sonderbund party . ) The resolution was carried with immense cheering . The Doctor then moved- the following resolutions as the basis for the policy of the future Government , and which , he stated' were conformable witb what bad recently been done in Fribourg . _*—1 . That tha Jesuits be ordered to quit the Canton of Lucerne within _fertj-eight hours .
2 . Thst the members of the Grand Council who had adhered to the Sonderbund ( or separate league ) should besotject to pnblic accusation , and be held responsible for eveiy thing which bad resulted from this _oourse of policy , 3 . A general amnesty for all who had been implicated in prosecHtions by their acts on the 8 th of December , ISM , and the Sist of March and 1 st of April , 1845 . ( The dates of the two invasions of tbe Corps Franca against the Sonderbund . ) 4 . That tbe Provisional _Gorernment take steps for the recovery ofthe Government chests , _-andBlBOOfthe com which , bad been stnt oat of the canton by the late Government before their depsrtnre , ' 5 . That all persens comprised within tbe _tfrms of Art . 3 should be held inadmissible to election in the Grand Council of State . ¦ -
a The above resolutions were carried by acclamation , and the meeting peaceably separated . To-day another very interesting scene occurred _, a couple _ofleaguesfrom the town , at a place called Nennkirch : the bodies of some ofthe Corps Francs , killed in battle here in the year 1845 , were disinterred by their surviving friends , - from the pit into which at the time tbey bad been rudely , cast , and bnried anew with the solemnities of the church service . FRANCE . A great Reform Banquet has taken _placeat Lyons . Sixteen hundred persons were present , and the proceedings were very enthusiastic .
PORTUGAL . A _Frosressista meeting , of between fonr and five thousand persons , took place on the 14 th , tn the open air ( a large garden } , the room originally intended being fouud too small . The Marquis of Louie presided , andsome noblemen , and the chiefs of the party , attended . - The troops were kept nnder arms . Tne pnblic peace was not disturbed , owing to the precautions adopted by the commanders of the municipal guards and national battalions . Things continue in a very unsettled state .
ITALY . The accounts from Italy speak of the diminishing oopularity of the Pope—the consequence of his yield _, in ? to the counselor the King of the French con vejed through M . _Ro-si . The Pope ' s _speech . _delivered at the opening ofthe Roman Council of State , had excited much satisfaction . Advices from Pietra Santa ofthe 19 th ult ., mention an attempt of tbe Modenese to surprise the Tuscan outposts . The activity of the troops and of the civic guard was such , however , that they . made a precipitate retreat .
, UNITED STATES AND MEXICO . B y the arrival of the Caledonia , we learn that the Mexican government had superseded Santa Anna in command ofthe army , and that General Rincon had been appointed to fill the command . Santa Anna protested against tbis violation of his rights as the first magistrate ofthe nation , and refused obedience to the orders of the government In the meantime he had retired to Tebuacan . Atlexco had been taken possession of by tbe United States troops . It was stated , also , that Or / aba had surrendered . The health of the United States army was far from good .
-The Canadian' Is Tbe Title Of A New Wor...
-The Canadian' is tbe title of a new work ( just published ) from the pen of M . MicheiiOt , one ofthe secretaries to tbe society of Fraternal Democrats , The following notioe ofthis werk is from one of the Paris papers : — ' M . Michelot one of the most enlightened of the French Democrats , has just published a work entitled * The Canadian . ' Thb is a romance which will claim tbe sympathies of our reader ? , _sinea it is replete witb strange _incidents and dramatic charaeter , but its chief recommendation to the thinking portion of the community , is tbat the scenes , the facts , and the whole plot serve to convey some of ihe loftiest principles of social economy .
' M . Michelot desires progress ; he is an enthusiast for the emancipation of the human race ; his book ably reveals the working of the present system , and the necessity for reconstructing society upon a broader basis . In his eyes mankind is but ono great family , all tbe members of whicb , as brothers , ought to enjoy the same rights . To give one man a prerogative above another , is an act of odious , arbitrary _despotism ; an anomalous monstrosity—in one word—it is the present _sjstera-a system founded by the privileged classes to the _injuty ofthe muzzled millions . This book , which combinesamueement with instruction , is calculated to render important cervices to -he cause of humanity .
_Dkgli * . —Destitution is increasing-every day . Poor famishing creatures are to be seen gnawing turnips , without waiting to boil tbem , _sooraving do they find tbe pains of hunger . Nothing can exceed the frightful condition of the poor of this district . Without any relief , hundreds of them are at this moment starving in their wretched hovels , cellars , and garrets ; while a much larger number are endeavouring to drag out a miserable existence npon no more solid or nourishing food than raw turnips eaten with avidity at the market-place , or mashed up with a little salt' in their cabins for the entire of their family . To add to the horrors of this frightful condition of things the workhouse is over-crowded , and numbers of wretched applicants are every week denied admission .
Dkathset Fibb . —Two inquests were heldon Tuesday , deaths in both cases being the result of fire . Tbe first inquest was held en the bodyofaspiBster lady at Greenwich , Miss Anne Stevenson , aged 73 , who was found burnt to death in the passage of her own house . It is presumed tbat the unfortunate lady had a fit , and her clothes having caught fire from the candle she waB carrying , death ensued , no servant Bleeping in the house . Thejury returned an open verdict- The second inquest was held en the body of Elizabeth Maiy Clement , living in Goldenlane . Her apron caught fire in the grate , and though the flames were promptly extinguished , the injuries she received were such as to canse her death . Verdict , 'AccidentalDeath . '
Melakcholt SmciDE . —On Monday , an inquest was taken before Mr Baker , at the City of Paris , Bonner ' _s-fieJd" ' , Victoria-park , on view o the body of Catherine Kaerschmidt , aged twenty-two , a German , who was seduced and abandoned under thefollowing heartless circumstances . It appeared from the evidence that the deceased , abont twelvemonth since , was brought to this country from Germany by a lady * when she entered into the service of the family of Mr Caei ? , the proprietor of a printing establishment in the City . She _temaiBedlhere about ten months , when it is supposed she was induceito leave her situation by a gentleman with whom : Bhe had formed an unfortunate attachment , who took a iodeinf for herat No . 7 . Barogsa-terrsee ,
Cambridgeheatb , where they passed as Mr and Mrs KendncK . He paid for tho apartment 8 s . 6 d . per week , for three weeks , after which she saw nothin g more of him . In the course ofthe previous week she pawned her weddingring to support herself and to pay her lodging . On Saturday morning she wrote a tetter to Mrs Caen , in whioh she stated that _befort she received that she should be no more . She requested her to inform her parents tbat she had been doing wrong , and been deceived , fond hoped for theirpardon . U pon the receipt ofthe letter an inquiry was mane , upon which it was discovered that she had drowned herself in an ornamental sheet of water in Victorjapark , and that the body had been taken to the City of Paris . Verdict- ' Foupd drowned , '
. Ifmpertai ^Aruanietiu
. _IFmpertai _^ aruanietiu
Mondat , Novimbsa 20. Hofsb 0? Lords .-T...
MONDAT , _NoviMBsa 20 . HOFSB 0 ? lORDS .-Their Lordships sat for a very short Mme , ne business of publio importance was done . HOUSE 0- ? _COMSJOUSi — The Spsakeb took ths _pobllo ekair at four o ' clock , whea several members were sworn _-.- ¦* '' f" _^ ** * _Pwented petitions from Chartist bodies in _Wigsn , Messier , Ao ., praying for remedial r ather than coercive _messures fer Ireland , for _psrpetuity of tenure at a corn rent , and for the mlamation of waste lands . Io * d _Moars-rn , m repiy to Mr Balnea , stated that the government hoped to be able to introduce a measure for the improvement of the health of towns on au early Li _** Chrirtn , M recess ; and in answer to Dr Bowring , as to whether the metropolis _wouia beln . eluded in sueh bill , tha nobteUwd taW that was a question he wonld rather not answer at preient ; <
The _Chabcbmob of tb * Bxcbiqpm , in reply- to Mr F . Frenoh , as tothe _repajtaeut ot-advances made under what was called in Ireland the' Rations "Ao ! ,-stated that tho grant taken was £ 2 , 20 Q , MO ., bnt thst the actual sum expended bad only been £ 1 , 673 , 000 ., and the _inrn * to be _rwovered varied according to the abilftv of the unions to pay . With regard to -he completion of roaas _, _wnicli had given occupation to ths poor as relief works , hedid not intend to impose any _furthsr burden on the . people of England oa that h « ad , but so torn as the sums advanced should bs repaid be _sbduld be prepared to recommend that they shonld be r _« _-advanced for tbe pun > ose of completing the ' work * left unfinished , if _preaented br the _« Taod juried , r ¦ _..--. . . . Lord John Rcsisll , in answer to Mr -Hums , stated thatthe government did notinttnd to propose any committee either on the subject of general taxation or , « n the whole expenditure of the country _.
MrHonTB then intimated Ms intention of doing so himself . . . _ .- .- _< _.-.- .. :- _,-..-. The STATE or _Ieiland . — Sir G . _Gauv moved thnt so much of her Majesty ' s speech as related to Ireland be real , which hating . beea done , ths right hon . but . rose and moved for leave to bring in a bill for the _betterpre _* rention of crime and outrage in certain parts of Ireland . After a brief recital _ofths measures which _Psrlkmeat had taken during the last session to relieve the distress of Ireland , and to art eat tha progress of famine and distrtBB in that _aountr- , he stated that h * had hoped that thot * measures and especially tbe New Poor Law , would have drawn together tbe different classes of Irishmen In one common bond of unity , and would have taught them tbe value ol mutual co-operation in promoting the peace ,
order ; and _prosperity of their common country . He was not yet prepared to abandon the hope that that expectation would yet be realised ; for the case wbich he had to lay before the house that evening applied only to a part of Ireland ;' and he was happy ti ) state that in the greater _psrtion ef it crime had _diminished ,: and life and . property wen a * safe as to England .. The general result ofthe tabular statistics of crime reosmd from tbe Irish constabulary showed thatthe amount of crime _generally throughout Ireland bad decreased nearly _one-third during the year _endliu--last October . as compared with the year ending the 1 st of January last , although ia some parts ofthe country offences bad increased in rapid-accession . For instance , the number of offences during the year 1816 wsre 2 . 385 , and : up to the end of October .
1847 , did not exceed . ! , 035 . . Such a fact showed tbat be was bringing in no general bill of _indiomwit against the people of Ireland , and tbat there was no truth in the atcasation that _Irelaed was altogether a eountry of assassins . In some districts of Ireland , howerer , a secret coniplraey had been entered into by lawless individuals against the rigbts of property—a conspiracy whieh had spread such intense terror and dismay within the narrow compass over which it prevailed tbat it _beosmo a duty incumbent on the _Government-, to arrest the hand of the assassin aad to give that security to life aad property wbich the loyal had a right to expect from its hands . He replied . to the objection , mat in proposing a bill of this nature he was resortiagto the vulgar expedient of coercion , and was
leaving the causes of tbe otimss , wbich be wished to put down , unexamined and-uotoBched . He maintained that this bill was only a just measure of prevention , and was necessary to give due strength and effect to theiaw , and 6 tated that , whilst gov . _rnmsnt was calling on the landed proprietors of Ireland to co-operate wiih ths J _* « cutive , and oo the Poor Law guardians to administer and superintend the relief of the poor , those parties had in turn a right to call on the government to provide security tor their lives during their effort" to carry into _nffeet tbe commands of the legislature . He then proceeded to lay before the house a statement as to-the four classes of crimes whieh in the four last months had se materially increased in certain parts of Ireland , The .. number of homicides , which in the six months ending October , _lSiC ,
was sixty-eight , in the six months ending October , 1817 , was ninety-six . The number of _attsmpts on life by firing at tbe person , which was in six months ef 1846 , fifty * five , was in the same months of 1847 , 126 ; the number of rabbwks of arms , which waa in six months of 1846 , 207 , ia the same sis months of 1847 was 538 ; and the number of firings of _dwellings , whicb in six months of 1846 was _fifty-one , was in the same six months of 1847 , 116 . Enn this statement gave an inadequate idea of the increa . Ec of those offences ia districts wb ' eh were now particularly infested by crime , The total number of _sffences of tbe four classes which he bad just mentioned amounted last month to 195 ln the whole of Ireland , but tha counties of Clare , Limerick , and Tipperary furnishid 139 of themtbe amount of ofiimces in those counties being
seventyene per cent , on the whole amonnt of . offences in Ireland , and tbe population being enly thirteen . per cent , on tt e whole population of _Irelaad , It was principally to those counties that his observations applied * , but as the ten . dency of crime was to spread , they must be - applied in some degree also to the King ' s County , Roscommon , and part of Fermanagh . The crimes wbich he wished to repress were not direoted against the _laadlord class alone , but against every class and description of landowners . Their ordinary object was the commission of wilful and deliberate assassination , not in dark or desolate places ' , but in broad daylight—of _assasjlna-ions , too , encouraged by the entire impunity with which it was _perpetrated ; for it was ' notorious that none bat the poll , e would lend a hand to arrest the flight or capture the
person of the assassin . . [ The right hon . baronet then proceeded at greatlength to read and comment upon an enormous catalogue of murders and outrages , but « _s most of them hare already appeared in ths papers at the time of the occurrence , it is useless to occupy space with them here . ] He then proceeded to describe the _powers which the government now possessed , and the manner In which they wer * applied , Ko charge had yet been brought against the executive government for neglecting the means of detecting aad repressing crime ; on tbe contrary , all parties admitted the vigour and efficiency with which the lord-Lieutenant ot Ireland bad administered , and wts administering , tho law . He had employed the military and police on all occasions in which it was necessary to overawe offenders , aad to show them
tbat they could gain uo advantage by persisting in out . rage . In ail cases where h * was not limited by law , tbe Lord-Lieutenant was determined to use that cer joint force inthe maintenance of the law . In proof of this , be read a proclamation recently issued by his lordship , in which he made known his intention of increasing the constabulary , ef Btat ' oniag military detachments in the rural districts , and of instituting dally and nigh ly patrols to prevent commission of murder in those districts with impunity . The Lord-Lieutenant wauld alto is . _usa special commission into tbe _dis-orbed districts as soon as the Attorney-Genera ! should inform him tbat there were sufficient persons in custody upon sworn informat _' oBS to warrant such a measure . He was happy to say tbat he had nettolsy before tbe house any cases in wbich
juries had shrunk fromthe performance of their duties . What might be the case hereafter , he could not say ; but , judging from tbe past , he believed that there would be no reluctance lu witnesses to give evidence , or in jurors to convict upon that evidence , He , therefore , did aot ask the bouse to create any new or extraordinary tribunals ; for he was convinced tbat by the ordinary law offenders might be brought to prompt trial , conviction , and punishment . Before stating the provisions of the bill , which he wished ths house to sanction , he thought it right to ohaenre that the Lord-Lieutenant , having actually exercised allthepswers of the law confided to bim , and being determined to exercise themin all . _cases where it conld be done for tbe repression of crime and the apprehension of offer-dew , bad ' representedto her Majesty ' s
ministers that he concurred in the resolutions of the magistrates at Menagh , that his powers were insufficient for the protection of life and property . Her Majesty ' s Ministers had , therefore , determined to introduce a bill , not applicable , _iadet-3 , to tbe whole of Ireland , but applicable to all such districts of it as the Lord Lieutenant , upon his discretion , should proclaim disturbed . The first clause ot that bill would give power to the Lord Lieutenant , witb the consent of his Privy Council , wherever in his opinion it migbt be necessary to _rtpross crime and outrage , to issue a proclamation that the powers of this act should be applied to that district . The next clause would authorise the Lord Lieutenant to proclaim the provisions ef this act to be necessary in any county or city , barony or half barony , or in any district
of less extent . Another clause would provir e that copies of the proclamation should be posted in the proclaimed district with an abstract of the provisions ofthis act . The Lord Lieutenant woald also be empowered to increase the constabulary force of ai » y district to any extent which he might tbink fit out of the reserve force at Dublin , which would be _increased from 400 to € 00 men . The increased force tent into a disturbed district would be nnder the same control as the ordinary _constabalary . It would be paid , in the first instance out of the consolidated fund ,-but , ultimately , out of the district which it _^ was sent to ' protect . He next described the police regulations . which he intended to introduce for
the purpose of restraining the use of firearms By those who bad shown themselves unworthy to exercise the privilege which bad been given tbim to carry them . The first provision upon this point would be a general prohibition within a proclaimed district _. from a day mentlonid in ths proclamation , on all persons , with seme exctptiom , to carry or wtaln in the district specified , elsewhere than in _thsir own houses , any firearms ; aad any person cariylng arms after proclamation made would be gmtlty of misdemeanor , and would bs liable to imprisonment for a term not _exoset ing tl roe year * . The exceptions—for this disarming _wou'd not be universalwould inctafle all justices of puce in tha district , ell persons in the army , navy , revenue , _ocatt guard , poMe * >
Mondat , Novimbsa 20. Hofsb 0? Lords .-T...
or constabulary , all special constables aud all parties licensed to kill game , or licensed as he should hereafter mention , it had been thought that . there were cases where the _exception should be carried further , as , for _iostanee , tho cases of the Poor Law guardians and tho _potr rate collectors , who had recently become tha object of attack to these secret conspirators . The government bad therefore deemed it right to place under the discretion ef the Lord Lieutenant , and not under tbat ofthe _magittratsi , the power of granting lisenses to Individuals to carry arms for their own defence . Another clause of the bill would give the power to apprehend all parties carrying arms against its previsions , and to search all persons suspected of so-carrying tbem , and of taking their arms away from them in case they were found , and
of forfeiting them at once to the Crown . The provisions ef the bill , as-far as be had now described , them , did not extend to parties retaining arms iu their own houses . Arms had been obtained to : defend private houses against nocturnal attacks ; but at the earns time it was evident ihat the indiscriminate ! possession of arms in private houses within proclaimed districts could not be allowed . He _therefore proposed to give * to the Lord Lieutenant power . to issue a _notioa calling upon all persons in a proclaimed district , not included within the enumerated exception-, and not licensed to carry arms , to deliver them up , by a day named in the notice , at the nearest poliee station or other place therein mentioned . All persons knowingly : retaining arms in their houses after such a notice would be guilty of a misdemeanour ;
and the Lord-Lieutenant , under bis own warrant , or the warrant of bis secretary , might order In the daytime a search for arms , to be made in any house in the district , and the seizure of . any arms found therein , and their forfeiture to the Crown . Such were the provisions which the Government proposed with respect te arms ; and they were the means hy which the Lord-Lieutenant , withtbe additional police fores which this bill would give him , and with the efficient aid ofthe ml-Utarj and _police , thought tt ) a _\ he would be able to guard against the recurrence of those crimes whioh were now _disorganifing society ia Ireland . After describing in detail certain minor clauses of the bill , he stated thathe bad forgotten to mention one clause which _' he deemed Very . Important , He proposed that the justices and _constabjes-of any district in which a murder was com . mitied . should be empowered to call ob all the males between , the ages of sixteen and sixty to ' _assiat in the pursuit of the murderers ; and further , he proposed , that
Parliament should enact tbat it . should be the duty of aU persons se called upon to assist in ihe pursuit of such offenders , and that any one refusing to assist should be deemed guilty ot a miedeweanour , end bt liable to be _ImprlsoBtd with or witbout hard labonr for any term , hot exceeding two years . He hoped that no objection would-be made to lay on the , table this bill , whicii was framed rather with a view of preventing the perpetration oferlme than of subjecting a whole people to a privation of the ordinary privileges of ths law . Whatever might be the opinion of the house as to tbe efficiency of the measure which he had just described , he hoped that Par . _llsment would unanimously agree to this principle , that it was its duty to take immediate measures to prevent the repetition of suoh crimes as _tboia to whose enormity its attention bad been , so painfully called . He con , eluded a speech which lasted for . mere than two hours aud a half , by moving , amid loud cheers , for leave to bring in his bill .
Mr J . 0 Connbll had been agreeably disappointed by the bill which Sir O . Grey bad just brought in , for , from tbe accounts whieh had been very rife out of doors , be had expected a much _sevexev measure . He would net , however , pledge himself to the acceptance of it , but there was in bis opinion no reason fer opposing its introduction _. When such outrages were perpetrated in Ireland , it was a grave step to incur the responsibility of objecting to such a bill In its first stage . Ha hoped that tbe Government wonld give the Irish members timo to send the bill to their country , and to obtain the opinion oftheir constituents upon it before its second reading . He lamented that Sir Q . Grey had not said one word on
the crimes of the rich whilst he was dwelling at such length on the crimes of the poor . He beld in his hand s long list of the provocations to crime given by tba landlords of Ireland ; and he would bring them under the notice of the house if the Government did not introduce at an early period a bill for amending the relations between landlord and tenant , and pass it through Parliament with the same speed as their Coercion Bill . He should give every opposition to tbis measure in its future stages , unless some progress were made with a Landlord and Tenant Sill , which was tbe only mode of eradicating the causes whicb led to these agrarian outrages .
Mr O'Connor confessed his utter inability to find _woods ' to express his surprise at the humble adulation' which the hon . member for Kilkenny had tendered to the government for the measure proposed bythe right bon . Home Secretary , words which surrounded him with difficulty and embarrassment . At the outset he might state that there was no hon . member in that house who had a greater horror of outrage and violence than himself ; and he was proud to say ( and it could not be contradicted ) that in the whole the course of his life he never committed or sanctioned one criminal act- But it was because be recognised in this measure J ibe foundation and basis of more criminality than it was intended to put down , that he gave his most
determined opposition to it in the outset . ( Hear . ) And after the speeches of the hon . member for Kilkenny , in 1833 and 1844 , he was astonished tbat he should place any reliance upon the equivocal promises of the right hon . gentlemen opposite on the Treasury benches . But if he required a stronger reason for opposing this Bill than upon principle , he had been furnished with it by the right hon . baronet who had introduced it , because , from tbe beginning to the end of his speech , every single sentence , every single announcement with regard to the stretching of the ordinary law , went to prove that , with the present exertions of . the Lord-Lieutenant , all tbat could be done was done , and that successfully . ( Hear , hear . )
At the outset of his speech the right hon . baronet told ihem that crime had diminished by one-third—( hear , hear)—and . then he afterwards paid a very bad compliment to the right hon . baronet Uie member for Tamworth and that house , because he told the bouse that portions of the outrages to which the Bill referred had been in progress for two or three years ' previously to the present government coming into office . Then he would ask tbe right hon . baronet opposite ( Sir G . Grey ) why he had assisted in driving the right hon , baronet the member for Tamworth from office ? But the right hon . baronet ( Sir G . Grey ) had himself that night admitted that in cases in which the Lord-Lieutenant had
driven the powers of the ordinary law to the utmost , peace was restored to a disturbed district . The ordinary law had been found to be amply effective . He had told us of the effective support given to the Executive by the people , by tbe magistrates , by the Queen ' s Bench , and even by tlie barristers of Quarter Sessions , while he was obliged to admit that these appliances had arrested crime since the 18 th of this month , and yet , in the face of 6 ucb admissions , he came to the house for powers beyond the ordinary law , which , when tried , was found ample . ( Hear , hear . ) He did not disapprove of this bill more than he disapproved of the principle of coercion fer Ireland . The right hon . baronet ( Sir G . Grey ) had said , in appealing to the Irish members ,
' Don ' t let it go forth to tbis and to foreign countries that you are opposed to our attempting to remedy the present distracted state of Ireland . ' No , rather let the truth go to this and to foreign countries , that , when the people of Ireland were dying for want of food , the government of England gave them coercion . He ( Mr O'Connor ) had always found that whenever the ordinary law was executed with vigour , bm at the same time with mildness , it was found to be quite sufficient ; but the bill of the right hon . gentleman proposed to legalise outrage and crime in Ireland ; it proposed to establish a brigand police in every district which the Lord-Lieutenant might proclaim as a disturbed district . In fact , tbis bill would enable the police to do as they pleased ; but it was evident that this bill was but a sample of old English rule in Ireland ; It was a _soplor the landlords . It ; was merely a bit ot patronage for them . He supposed it was a bit of compensation to the
landlords-for thc repeal of the Corn Laws . That evidently was the intention of her Majesty ' s government in bringing forward this bill . The hon . member for Kilkenny had said that he was satisfied witb a measure of coercion as long as the government promised remedial measures . But he ( Mr O'Connor ) could not promise the government bis support oi this measure on such slight grounds . He was for no such temporising policy . He never found that such temporising policy resulted in any good , He was not prepared to enter into the discussion of the bill at present . He intended reserving himself for another opportunity , quoting the high authority of several constitutional writers , all of whom united in condemning coercion , and none more strongl y than the noble lord opposite ( Lord John Russell ) . He should be prepared to show from the noble lord's own work upon the government and constitution ol England , that the effect of coercion failed in its
objects m any country in which it was established . He ( Mr O'Connor ) had done as much as any man in this country towards thc suppression of crime in Ire land . In 1822 , a quarter of a century ago , the county of Cork was much more disturbed than Tipperary is now and a special commission had the eBectoi arresting crime . In that year the . people wasted tithes and boldly met the romry _^ open Mtie , for be University of Cambridge , gave us the Tithe Composition _Act ' -the effect of which was to bring the grass land of large Protestant _proprietors , theretofore exempt from tithe , to bear their fhare of
Mondat , Novimbsa 20. Hofsb 0? Lords .-T...
the burden . Previous to that measure , the Protestant landlord who held three thousand or four thousand acres of land could offer up his untaxed prayers ' at the expence of the poor Catholic widow , who cultivated half an acre of potato ground _attha other side of his bounds , with manure scratched from tbe road-side —( hear , hear ) - _^ their Catholic outlaw supported the parson of the Protestant landlord . In that year he ( Mr O'Connor ) , in conjunction with thirteen venerable Catholic clergymen , succeeded by their exertions by night and by day iii restoring tranquillity , and such was the effect of those exertions , tbat the peasantry brought their arms to his ( Mr O'Connor's ) brother ' s home-and
piled them up in the servants'hall . Well , tbe judge who presided over that special . _commissioin ( Judge Moore ) laid il down in law , that the fact of running away from the king ' s troops was prima facie proof of guilt , and that good character was an aggravation , rather tban a palliation of an offence , upon the grounds , tbat a man with a good character would be the Most likely to become an adherent—a strong inducement however to possess ai bad character . ( Hear ,-:. hear . ) Well , the outcry against tithes still continued to 1836 , and how did the "Whigs meet the complaint ? Why , they robbed the church of twenty-five per cent , of Us income as a sop to the landlords , but made no compensation to
the occupying tenants ; they did this because they then stood in need of Irish landlords' support . ( Hear , hear . ) Then they heard au outcry in favour of the landlords , and the right hon . baronet ( Sir G Grey ) said that there was an expression of his ( Mr O'Connor ) whicb struck him with horror and with awe , viz ., that the idlers should be takea off the land . In tbe observations which be addressed to the house a few night ago , he ( Mr O'Connor ) certainly did talk of taking the idlers off the land , but he did not mean the landlords , for ho man had ever said eo rough iii defence of the Irish- and English landlords as he had throughout the whole of his political career , What he did say was , Take off the
taxes - take off the poor laws 5 take off everything that weighs heavily and needlessly on the land ; take off the idlers , that was to say , give employment to the unemployed . ' The right hon . baronet , the member for Bipon , then Home Secretary , attempted to over-ride the ordinary law in England , by making * policemen judges , magistrates , jurors , and executioners—for three years all persecuted tbe ' people , until at length that right hon . gentleman attempted to substitute police force for the ordinary law , and the consequence was , a continuous opposition * to this brute force , until the government sent a mild judg-yajiist judge , a judge who restored respect for
_theofdinary law , to try him ( Mr O'Connor ) and nifty-eight others at _jLahcWer ; and the amiable and accomplished Chief Baron being Attorney-General , the people received the just exposition of the . law from tbat constitutional judge , and from that hour to this there has not been one prosecution for a political offence , and thus we triumphed over the police law , and the law ' s savage vengeance . He would ask the government rather to try what a mild enforcement of the ordinary law weuld do thau coercion . ( Hear , hear . ) He would ask honourable gentlemen opposite with what face they could support such a measure as that proposed by the right hon . baronet , when it was confessed that the
ordinary law had not been efficiently tried ? He himself believed tbat there were ample means iB the hands ofthe government to restore perfect tranquillity in Ireland .. It was futile for the present or any . future government to attempt ' to restore peace to Ireland during the present state of the law of landlord and tenant . If the right hon . baronet wished to give peace and prosperity to Ireland , he must bring forward not a Coercion BiU , but a bill to remedy the social condition of Ireland . As it was the intention of hon . members who put themselves forward as leaders of the Irish people fo delay their decision until thej * discovered what effect the news of more bludgeons and dragoons would have in Ireland , he
would reseive what he had to say . He recommended the exercise of the ordinary , laws , although it had been strained against himself . Those who took a leading part in agitation ought , as they sought for the lion ' s share of the glory , to be prepared to endure a lion ' s share of punishment . He regretted to see the part taken by those Irish members . He was an Irishman himself , although representing ah English town , and so far from acquiescing in the provisions of the bill , he gave notice that even if he should stand alone , he would divide the house upon every single occasion on which he could do so . He was content to go into the lobby alone , and let ! the Irish members go along with the ministers il
they pleased . The old principle upon which the government of Ireland was based was a wrong one . Ireland was an agricultural country , yet it was in effect governed by a majority of English manufacturers , and by a timid body of Irish landlords . If English and Irish landlords did not unite and place the property of Ireland' on a better footing , both would rue their negligence—he said both , for the English landlord would be stabbed through the side ofthe Irish landlord . The fact was , Ireland was looked upon in no other light by the ministry thaa as regarded the amount of political support or opposition she could give to them , and in this selfsame point of view she had been regarded by
several successive administrations . The government of this country did not care a jot for the Irish people nor for the Irish landlords . The fact was this * --Irish landlords managed their estates more according to the science of political patronage than according to the science of agriculture , ( hear , hear , ) and he ( Mr O ' Connor ) was not at all astonished to hear the cheers of . those gentlemen , when the right hon . the HoraeSecretijry made the gladdening _announcement , that _' the expense of coercion was to fall upon the unfortunate tenants and not upon the guilty landlord . Why , the fact was , that government really thought that Irish property had the elasticity of India rubber , and could be
stretched to meet governmental commission and landlord cupidity ; for did they not know that if the tenant was unjustly pressed , the landlord must suffer ? ( Hear , hear . ) But yet they cheered this contemplated blow at their own tenants . He must again express his regret thatthe hon . member for Kilkenny ( Mr J . O'Connell ) had not taken a more bold , manly , and decisive course—that he had not _resisted the bill at the onset . He ( Mr O'Connor ) , as-an Irishman , had more pride than quietly to sit by and see his country crushed . He would go with satisfaction into the lobby alone , because he felt that he was maintaining a just principle , and by his vote marking , in the most energetic and practical
way be could do , his dislike of that coercive policy which had been the ruin of Ireland . But the hon , member for Kilkenny would pause till he learnt the effect produced by the measure in Ireland , while as the leader of the Irish party , he tendered his « humble adulation' to the Ministry for the measure . He ( Mr O'Connor ) could not ; if every man in Ireland was in fa * our of it , he would oppose it . The hon . member for Kilkenny said he was satisfied that the bill should go to Ireland * , but it had gone far enough . for him . ( Mr O'Connor ) . He had _nsver been for it ; he was not for a temporising policy ; and he would tell the government tbat the most insidious and dangerous support they could
recieve was support of this kind ; whilst his ( Mr O'Connor ' s ) opposition was avowed and determined . He was prepared to show from _Beveral _great-tonstitutional writers the effect of coercion , and especially from the work of the noble lord opposite on the constitution and government of England , The noble lord and his government had applied for coercion after coercion , with the promise of propounding remedial measures ; they had had coercion the silence and desolation of the grave ; but not one remedial measure bad they ever proposed to that house . The system of the government from first to
last had been to ' create patronage , and to arrest tha progress of public opinion as far as they possibly could . He would now appeal to thc good and true of the Irish party who loved their country better than patronage , and he would ask them to abandon their equivocal position as the flag company of the enemy ' s forces- ( cheers andIaughter ) -to cross the house , and like freemen and Irishmen to take their place in front of their country ' s enemies . ( Hear hear . ) ff he stood alone , be would proudly walk alone into the lobby against this new attempt te coerce and debase his country . he would not undertake to
Mr HoBBM-li said give the measure bis support sin-ply as a coercive measure , because crime _apd outrage and coercion were familiar term * i neither could be support it only _becauw It was a tnildermM'ure . His duty at a member of Parliament was to consider whether the measure was suitable and effectual for its purpose . The question be asked bimself was this—was tbe bill founded npon right _priaclplus t or , was It upon the old mistaken ajatem—a mere isolated _expediint to meot a temporary emergency , another item in that series of makeshifts by which tht past legislation of Ireland bad been disgraced 1 "Was it founded apon the principle that Irish legislation should proceed—that each single act should be part _aniparael of some large and comprehensive scheme of policy , each member of wbich united with and supported the otherand eaoh and all having the same end aad _objeot , tba tranaulllUf and improvement of Ireland ! ( Sear , * * _, _- )*; _, )
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Dec. 4, 1847, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_04121847/page/7/
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