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7\tii& to be c ontrolled-by ;the unrestr...
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TJOOKS PUBLISHED AND 7 SOLD. X) by J. WATSON," 3,"Que^> Head-passage, "Paternoster-ro-*.
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Eo crovrfoponuclue*
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Asr Osb will greatly oblige T. M. Wheele...
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THE NORTHERN STAR SATURDAY, JANUARY 5. 1850.'
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REPRESENTATIVE REFORM. A Report, just is...
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LANDLORDS AND TENANTS UNDER ¦ :" ;- ' ; ...
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' PARLIAMENTAltY RUMOURS. It is now unde...
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THE TOTHILL-FIELDS CHARTIST PRISONERS. T...
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. 'Ga.t.t.ajit Rescue.—X ^ correspondent...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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7\Tii& To Be C Ontrolled-By ;The Unrestr...
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Tjooks Published And 7 Sold. X) By J. Watson," 3,"Que^≫ Head-Passage, "Paternoster-Ro-*.
_TJOOKS PUBLISHED AND 7 SOLD . X ) by J . WATSON , " 3 , _" Que _^> _Head-passage , _"Paternoster-ro- _* .
Ad00411
Just published , 2 nd Edition for the Million , m 12 mo 313-oa * Je 3 . closely printed , price 2 s ., boaad _fe cloth ? itffiBICA r 5 _ok > 4 RED WITH ES _« - l _^ LSD The -respective social elfects of Ihe American aud English systems of Government-and _"Le-nslation , and the Mission of Democracy . By iS . _"WfRussEXL , of Ciricinati , United States , councillor law - - ' _~ - This -work explains the Institutions and the Laws of the United States—shows the actual condition of _* J _1 classes ofthe-people , whether natives or emigrants , and contains an Abstract and Eeview cf thc principal Euglisn works on that country . _Thisisanadnurahlebiiok . —Wedity Dispatch . It contains elaborate matter of practical Talue . —Spirit of tie Age . Tiis is an _aflmirahly wrif _. cn antt excellently well-tiined oook . —The Standard of Freedom . The hook should bave been called a textbook for present and future politicians , for truly it will be . —Weekly
Ad00412
- _.. _Olorioua . -Success of the-New Magazine ,: THE "WORKING MAN'S FRIEND and Familx Lsstkuctob . John Cassell has great pleasure in announcing to those who have so kindly interested themselves in this endeavour to " establish a new magazine for the people , that , so far as the _/ r « t number is concerned , the . undertaking has been crowned with the reost unequivocal success . Ko . IL for the week ending January Pith , in thirty-two _piigcs , crotvn octavo , price One Penny , will be < iceply interesting . Its contents will he as _folloirs : —The WorkingMan : Tlie Importance ofa Thorough Knowledge of his Trade-43 ie Life and Times of Oliver Cromwell , chapter 2—Physical History of Man , paper the second—The Wood-nook Wells , or _Neis-hbours' Quarrels , an . original and interesting Story , by , Mary Howitt—Tlie
Ad00413
THE DExUOCRATlC REVlPJW Of BRITISH and FOREIGN POLITICS , HISTORY and LITERATURE . Edited by G . JULIAN HARNEY . Improvements—both political and literary—have been commenced in the number for January , which includes in its contents the first of a course of Histobical Lectures from the pen of that inimitable writer aud champion of Labour , . ... LOUIS BLANC . ALSO LETTERS FROM _FRANCE AXD GERMANY , reviewing the progress of events in those countries and the Continent generally , particularly as regards the movement for Democratic and Social Reform . XOW READY , No . Till ., FOIl JANUARY , 1 . S 50 .
Ad00414
TUE CHEAPEST EDITION EVEB fUMJSUED . Price Is . Cd ., A new and elegant " edition , with Steel Plate of the Author , of PAINE'S _PDLIT 10 AL WORKS .
Ad00415
Now Ready , a New Edition of U _O'CONNORS WORK ON SMALL FARMS Sold by J . Watson , Queen ' s Head Passage , Paternoster row , London ; A . Heywood , Oldliam-strcet _, Manchester , and Love and Co ., 5 , Nelson-street , Glasgow . And bt all Booksellers in Town and Country .
Ad00416
BALDNESS AXD WEAK HAIlt EFFECTUALLY -CURED—WHISKERS , « fcc , & c . MISS GRAHAM , G , AMPTON-STREET , GiiAT ' s-ixx-KOAi ) , Loxdox , will send free , oil receipt of twenty-four postage-stamps , Her celebrated NIOD 1 CRBNB ( Uegantly scented , ana sufficient for three months ' use ) , for reproducing the hair in baldness from-whatever cause , preventing the hair falling oft " , strengthing weak hair , and checking greyness . It is also guaranteed to produce whiskers , moustachois , & e ., in three or four weeks , without fail . * My hair is restored , thanks to yonr valuable If idukrene . —Miss Mane , Kennington . * I tried every other compound advertised , and they are all impositions—joui- _iS'ioukrene has produced the effect beautifully , '—Mr . James , St Albans . ' Your Kioukrene is the most elegant preparation I have ever analysed , _beinsy free from _colouring matter and injurious scent . The stimulant is excellent . '—Dr . John Thompson , author of a treatise ou the human hair , and professor of chevaistrv .
Ad00417
RUPTURES EFFECTUALLY CURED WITHOUT A TRUSS . THE EXTRAORDINARY SUCCESS J- of Dr . GUTHKEY'S remedy for all varieties of Single and Double _Buptiires , is without a parallel in the history of medicine . In every case , however bad or longstanding ; a cure is guaranteed - The remedy is quite easy and perfectly painless i n application , crtusing no inconvenience or _confinenientwhatever , and isenuallyapplicaule to both sexes , of whatever age . Sent ( post-free ) with full instructions , rendering failure impossible , on receipt of six slullings by post-office-order , or cash ; by . Dr . _IIenkt _GcxmiEr , U . Ampion-street , Gray ' s-inn-road , London . Hundreds of testimonials and trusses have leeu left behind b / persons cured , as trophi"s of the success of tins remedy , which Dr . Gctheev will willingly give to those who require to wear ihem after a trial of it Post-office orders must be made payable at the Gray ' s-inn-road Office , and all letters of inquiry must enclose twelve postage-stamps for the reply , without ivhich no notice will be taken of tliem . Hours of consultation , daily from twelve till four o ' clock . ( Sunday ' s excepted . )
Ad00418
RUPTURES EFFECTUALLY AND _PERMANENTLY CURED WITHOUT A TRUSS . ' ! _PVERY variety of SINGLE and DOUBLE -t-i RUPTURE , however bad and long _stanoing . maybe permanently cured by Dr . BARKER'S remedy , which has been established several years , aud used with great success by many eminent members ofthe profession , that its efficacy is established beyond a doubt Itis easy and painless in use , and applicable to both sexes of all ages . Hundreds of testimonials and trusses have been left _behindhy persons cured , as trophies of tho immense success of this remedy , which Dr . Barker will willingly give to any requiring tliem after a trial of it . The remedy is sent post free on receipt of Gs . by postoffice order , or otherwise , by Dr . ALFRED DARKER , 108 , Great Russell-street , Bloomsbury-square , London , where he niay be consulted daily from ' 10 till 1 , ' mornings ; 4 till S evenings ( Sundays excepted . ) _'¦ ¦ _ _-. I _' sst-Office orders must be made payable at the Blooinsbury Post-office .
Ad00419
PAIJfS IN THE BACK , GRAVEL , LUMBAGO , RHEUMATISM , STRICTURES , DEBILITY , & c . r \ R . DE ROOS ' . COMPOUND RENAL A-m * PILLS are tlie oxr , i _ceetais . cube for the above distressing complaints , as also all diseases of the kidneya and urinary organs generally , whether resulting from imprudence or otherwise , which , if neglected , so frequently end in stone in thc bladder , and a lingering , agonising death ! It is an established fact tliat most cases of gout and Rheumatism occurring in middle age , are combined with diseased urine , how necessary is it then , _tbatptrsoris so afflicted should at once attend to these important matters . By the salutary action of ' these pills , pn acidity of the stomach , they correct bile , and indigestion , purify and promote the renal secretions , thereby preventing the formation of calculi , and establishing for life a healthy performance of tbe functions of all these organs . They have never been known to fail , and may be obtained through all Medicine Vendors , Price Is . ljd „ 2 s . Od .. and 4 s . Cd . per bos ., or willbe sent free , with full instructions for use , on receipt Ot the price in postage stamps , by Dr . DE _ROOi A considerable saving effected b y purchasing the larger boxes
Ad00420
MP . LEE , Tailor , , 19 , Albennarle-• street , Clerkehw ell , begs to inform tlie' _pullic—althoueh there are ' se-many Jews / and other _adventurci-s , creDtinto the trade , _whomever sewed a moment to it , and who derive their profits from robbing the poor unfortunate creatures they employ—he still adheres to the more wholesome "ystcm to al l—namely , to give a substantial article at a low price , retaining a remunerative profit for himself aud workmen . . '" . ' - - . . IKT OF _PBICBS . _..,. ; i . , ( j Dress Goats .. v . £ 1 15 si _to £ 2 53 . j Over Coals " ¦ ¦' _" " •• 1 10 - . ' . 2 15 j ' DoeskinTrowsers .. 0 14 .- ' . ¦ : ¦ ., 1 2 ; TweedDitto ... .. : 0 j 9 6 d .. .. 0 10 i ¦ ¦ . Waistcoats from .. . 0 G . G upwards . Youths clothing , and every article in the trade , equally cheap . ¦ Observe the number—19 .
Ad00421
NOW IN TUB COURSE OF _PUBLICATION . In Numbers at Threepence each . Illustrated by appropriate Engravings , - executed by Artists of the first Celebrity . THE PROGRESS OF CRIME ; OB , TIIE AUIHESIIC MEM _01 R 3 OP . MA RIB M AN N I ' N _G , OF MINVER-PLACE , BERMONDSEY . '"¦ _DESCHIPTIVE OF THE _EXTKAOKDINABr SCENES OF ITER EVENTrOl . LIFE , _FBOM . _nER EA _11 WEST TOOTII XO TIIE PERIOD OF TIIE ATROCIOUS ; : MURDER OF MR . O ' CONNOR .
Ad00422
: Bv HOBERT nUISH , Esq . ' . ' - . " Mr . Huish _' s ' Memoir' of this extraordinary woman in . creases in interest with each succeeding number . There is something peculiarly solemn and striking' in the manner in which the dark conclusion is dimly foreboded . Every incident in the life of Marie Manning points to some fearful catastrophe in which she will be the chief actor , Jlr . Huish seems to have at his command abundance of authentic materials ; and a perusal of his work will show how very erroneous are many of . the rumours which have gained a _cm-rency through tho colums of the public press . " Strange , Pafernostcr-row ; Vickers , Holywell-street ; and all booksellers in town and country _.
Ad00423
SOW PUBLISHING , THE NEW SERIES OP _^ _s £ i _«^ rriHE PENNY PUNCH , M / _StL .- A _^^ m containing , among other infi J _^ _W _^ Sj _"B terestiiig matter , a Scries of Splen--Js *® l _^' _Mk did Illustrations on the subject of $ H _«^ i _^ J _^ ' Labour and tue Poor . ' ' - Hj _^ _w _^ { _jr _y BtSria . Weekly Numbers , One _Tenny ; « _ffiT _^ . _-vKJfrf- ¦ and Monthly Parts' / Sixpence . . _q § 3 _^ _Sv _^^ . - ¦ ¦ The First Vol . is now ready , _>^ _^ _SP _^ _IBf- v < ltil illustrations by Kenny _Mcaw _^ _g _^ AJLir dows , Esq ., Archibald Ilenning , ' " _^^ _SgBf' " Esq _^ , R . J . _Haraei'tbn , Esq ., < fee . = s ~ _irWa _¦* _'" * i teral'y matter from the _. pens . _«& : _•* 8 ; . * ... of the ablest ; contributors to ' old " _TTL-iA Punch' in its palmiest days , the 'Puppet Show , ' i'ho Man in the Moon , ' & c . Vol . I . ofthe'COTTAGE GIRL'is now ready , price One Shilling , in a _handsomely Illuminated Wrapper , uniform With Harrison Ainsworth _' s ' Windsor Castle . ' The Firat Monthly Part of ' LOLA M 0 NTES * . is , also ready , price Sixpence , Office . 1 , Picket-place ;
Eo Crovrfoponuclue*
_Eo _crovrfoponuclue *
Asr Osb Will Greatly Oblige T. M. Wheele...
_Asr Osb will greatly oblige T . M . Wheeler , by sending Win a copy of the Northern , Star of thc dates of April 7 th , July 14 th , July 21 st , mid September 15 th , 1849 . . Macnamaiu ' s Actios . —J . Sweet , Nottingham , acknonv ledges the receipt of the following sums sent herewith , viz . :-From the Eagle Tavern . 5 s ; Mr . w " .,. Gd ; Mr . W . Mayers , Cd ; Mr . A . Jim-gin , Cd ; Mr . Lee , fid ; Mr . Chlnin ' dale , Gil ; Mr . A . Alroyd , Cd ; Mr . Pegg , Gd . D . R . Morgan , Merthyr Tydvil , begs to iufovmthe several triends who have written to Win lately , that the reason they are unanswered is ill-health of nearly eleven weeks . Mrs . AI'Douail . — A few shoemakers of Stockport have sent the following sums to Mrs . M'Douall , for a New Year s Gift : —Wm , Turner , Is ; J . Williams , ls & d ; Win . Bowden , 3 d ; J . C , Is 3 d ; Walker , Gd ; W . 11 . 0 ., Gd ;
J . Blackshaw , Gd ; Mrs . Frith , 4 d ; J . C , Is ; E . Davis , 8 d ; B . ' Hyde , Gd ; W . Ryan , Gd ; D . Rogers , Gd ; : W . Benfold , Gd ; Collected _fi-oin other Shoemakers , 4 sl . Ul A . friend . Is ; J . Daniels , Is ; J . K ., Cd ; J . II ., 2 s ; II . " ii ., Is ; No , 23 , Is ; Mrs . 1 \ , Cd ; Mr . It , Cd ; C . _Vigott , Gd ; W . Harris , Cd ; J . llamor , Is ; 0 . Smyth , Is ; I " . Mavsland , Is ; A few friends , Is Od . —Total , £ 1 Cs 9 _$ d ; ' from which Did was deducted for expenses . John Toi'e " Torquay . —The quarter terminates next week . The Victim-and Oakum Picking ' Funds . —We have received an-address-from ' the Victim Committee to tho Chartist body relative w the above funds , wnicii we are compelled , from want of space , to defer till next week , T . Bkows begs to acknowledge the receipt of 'Js . Cd , collected by Mrs . Heath , of Greenwich , for the Monument Fund . ¦
The Northern Star Saturday, January 5. 1850.'
THE _NORTHERN STAR SATURDAY , JANUARY 5 . 1850 . '
Representative Reform. A Report, Just Is...
REPRESENTATIVE REFORM . A Report , just issued by the Council of the National Reform Association to its members , gives an outline of its past progress , and of the measures proposed to be adopted this year for the accomplishment of iis objects . Iu both respects , the document is exceedingly satisfactory . The moderate , but determined tone , in wliich the Council state the motives by which they are influenced , and the _coui'so intended to be pursued , is the certain precursor of success . A _momentary and highwrought excitement may occasionall y lead to sweeping and sudden changes ; but they are generally as transient in duration , as startling in their ori g in . There is somethiug in the calm , measured , and business-like manner in which the Council estimate the nature of tho
task they have undertaken , and shape out thc agencies by which it is to bo effected , that caunot fail to impress both friends and opponents with a conviction of ultimate and not distant success . Tho former must be animated by that feeling of confidence which pervades an army under good generalship ; the latterremembering that such energy , determination , aud organisation _^ have always been successful in former agitations—must feel proportionately dispirited , and inclined to make terms
in good time . Changes effected by such means are certain to be lasting in their _dura-, tion and character . They spring from , and rest upon , a widely diffused public opinion , against which class efforts and class influence can be of no avail . . Reaction—if it takes place at all—must carry with it the masses ; and we believe that a people , once enlightened , and in possession of political and social liberty , are hot likely to retrograde , or willingly _submit to the renewal of class domination . ¦ . _"' ..:.
The Council state that ,-in commencing the movement , ; they did not ' ' underrate on the one hand , the sense of political justice which abides in the middle classes—nor mistake , on the other , the feeling of dissatisfaction with the _present , state of things , which has prevailed so long in the ranks - of the industrious population-. " In one year , / it was only possible for ; them to put the interrogatory tothe nation ' : ' . 'Is the proposal of Parliamentary Reform premature ' ?" , The replies'to . that question are far more enthusiastic and general than they auti- cipated . 'They have encountered fewer difficulties thah thoy calculated , upon , and have found all the advantages at hand on which they reasonably-relied during the agitation of the past year .- "We had , " say the Council : —
Friends ready everywhere ' to receive us , arid Vc had rc 7 solved , hy our demeanour , not to invite hostilities . ' Our allies and our advocates were tlie whole of those who were retained without thc electoral pale , and aU tlie just and enlightened . of-those who , already admitted to the chief function of citizenship , were disinclined to witness the continuance - of __ a degradation most unjustifiably imposed on several millions of their fellow countrymen . - The public opinion which- we sought was , therefore , -in " existence , ' though , as regarded the middle class , in agreatmeasure latent ; and because not manifested by . that class , was insulted by placemen and disbelieved in by ministers ; and tliat which we now claim to have accomplished is , to have awakened tiiis public opinion so as to make it immediately potent for public _cood . ; ¦¦ ¦•
In the next sentence , one . _expression ' occurs which , shows that the Council by Wmcans regard the measure of Representative Reform , advocated by the Association , as a final one . All they claim for it is that it is " theonly attainable' measure of reform to be demanded / or the present : " and the great object lias been to enlist the sympathies of th © electoral classes in Us : behalf , and to impress them with . the belief that it is incumbent upon tliem to strive for timely changes , in order io ' avert tlie
mischief which always springs from the truthful utterance of the memorable words " Too Late . " Tho Council announce that ' they have succeeded in their object ; and they refer with pleasure , to "the union for co-operative ' action among different sections of society , ' ' upon the basis they preferred , and which has been realised' ' . ' , in the liberal and active concession which animates one , and the generous moderation now actuating the _otherTworkinp-i class . " - - ; _; L _-. *>¦'
The path has * so far , been cleared of the obstacles arising from tbe disunion of the parties desiring representative reform . Instead of opposing ,- or weakening each other ' s -efforts ; the _^ are prepared to struggle together for the attainment of the limited aud modified exten-
Representative Reform. A Report, Just Is...
sion of the Suffrage , and other _> nu _& _wea embodiedin -Mr . Hume ' s ihotionV . Those who . go _furthar—whd _belibve that political jaffbwe will never be done until all the clauses ;©? ?& ePco r pie ' s Charter are enacted _. as the Iarc of . ' the land—are not bound to stop there . . They will proceed with their labours to earry that measure , ' , but with _vastlyincreasedjROwers for _doinff so . " . . Instead of haying . an ; eleetoral body _, , „ ,,,
_—npmiruilly . ' . ' . _abouti , 1 , 000 , 000 . in . numper ,.: to appeal 'to , " thecarryihg of Mr . Hume ' s motion would enfranchise at least three millions and a half of the people , and at once give a direct participation in political . ' poyrei _" . ' to ; : persons actually engaged in industrial pursuits . , Can it be doubted that that power would be used for the emancipation of their brethren , who were still left in political bondage ? , ;
It is , however , worth renewed consideration by the Council of the Association , whether it would not bo . better at once frankly to adopt ijnivcrsal Suffrage a 8 its first principle , instead of '" such an extension of the suffrage as will confer the rig ht'to bo registered' as anjelcctor upon every man of full ago , not subject to any legal disability , who for twelve , months shall have occup ied any tenement , or portion of a tenement , for wliich he shall be rated , or shall havo claimed to bo rated , for the relief of the
poor . " We do not deny that this would open the door for the admission of a large -number of new-voters ; but long experience of the disfranchising effect of the Registration Court upon the present electoral body , induces us to believe that it would operate , similarly upon the new constituency .., The claim to vote is based upon the same vicious principle as the present suffrage , namely , the " being rated , or having claimed to be rated , to the relief of the
poor . " Now , the proof , or disproof of that fact , with all the legal formalities , expense , trouble , and loss of time which it involves , is one reason why the Registration Courts have fallen into universal disfavour , and are avoided as much as possible by those ' who , arc not under the direct influence of somo compact and organized party , whose interest it is to maintain ascendancy in any particular borough 01 county .
Many members ofthe Council are advocates of Universal Suffrage—and whenever the _quesr tion has been put to any of the public meetings , it has been enthusiastically responded to in the affirmative . Lord John Russeli , himself , has declared his preference for Universal Suffrage , as a more definite and distinct proposition on which to base any new measure ot reform ; and we find iu the first article of ' Tail's Magazine for the present month , that , even among the middle-class suffragists , there is a decided leaning in favour of the principle which would give the suffrage as a . right to every person of full age , and not convicted of crime .
• " A household suffrage , " says the writer of the article referred to :- — ¦ " Is indefinite , and contains no element that could induce a wise man to stop "fit that point , -short of universal suffrage ; _foivwhatjs ahouso % Is it a single room in a-sixpair attic , or one of the pyramidical mansions ' at rrincc _Albert's-gate t Is it a hut or a mansion , or where is the Jine betiveen the tivo—which ' divides between houses , and hovels , or lodgings ? Mr . Hume once defined a householder to be a ratepayer ; . but in the great majority of towns and rural districts , persons- occupying less than five pounds worth per annum of houses or lands are not rated , and by this definition would be placed on the terms of a five pound franchise . ¦ . .. - _' _.--- . - ¦ _ , ...,-; On the other hand , lie remarks : —
Universal Suffrage . is definite . It leaves little room for cavil or doubt . If tlie parochial registrar has discharged his duty , a youth has merely to liveon with the certainty of _becoming qualified . _Tlie'Charter contains , indeed , a moral qualification—it _donudus those persons ' who may bo coiu vieted of crime . That form of expression is very general , and might be interpreted to include many persons . The law _mfoht recognise as crimes transactions which are not at present within its grasp . Still , ' this system is more explicit than any other project , and has received somo support on that account alone , apart from all other considerations . .
"W e submit to the leaders of the middle class movement , that the re-consideration of this great question ought to , form an , important portion of tho programme , for the National Conference , proposed to be held next March in London . As they wero guided in tho adoption ofthe less extended Suffrage , solely by reasons of expediency , and tho belief ; that thc middle classes were not prepared to' go with them the whole , length of Universal' Suffrage _^—we think that these indications of a more advanced public opinion , ought to " encourage them to take the former and moro manly position . "Wo do not believe it would alienate one of their
sincere supporters in the middle class—on the other hand , it . _wonUb secure the hearty aid aiid co-operation of many who now simply content themselves with observing an " armed neutrality . " . Trusting that Sir Joshua "Walmsley and his colleagues , will accept these suggestions in the same friendly spirit as they are offered , wc proceed briefly to state the course intended to bo pursued in tho course of the present year . ' - ' ¦' -. '
It is proposed to visit and hold meetings in every city and town , and to leave therein local associations throughout the , entire kingdom , so that before tho close of tbe year , it is hoped , that no town , of any magnitude , in England , Scotland , or Wales , will be without its Reform Association , and . Working Committeo of Reformers . , It is also contemplated to establish periodicals , devoted to . the communication . of matter ' s of special : moment to the : members , and' the discussion of those grave * " social , and political topics , connected with' thequestion of Parliamentary , ' Reform . Anofchez' mode , for
the diffusion of political knowledge , to . be adopted , -will be the issue' of gratuitous , or very ' low-priced tracts ; - which by thoir style and contents will be assured of a ready acceptation , and tend to the permanent political education ofthe whole people . ' , In addition to these agencies , lectures will bo given in every district of every- town , - where an association can be formed . So much for the _propaganda " . Tho . '' next division , of tho operations has reference to the immediate influences . that can be brought to bear upon Parliament , as now constituted . In counties and boroughs , -where
a . slight exertion on tlie part of the Liberal interest will secure the return of a popular member ,- immediate stops , will be taken to perfect the registers ;; and , generally , at all elections of members , tlie electors will be urged to _nominatecandidates p ledged to the Parliamentary" motion of Mr . Home- and , lastly , every means will be used to ' promote / an increase in the number of 40 s . freeholds . Preparatory to these extensive operations a National Conference is to be convened ih London , not later
than the month of March ; to which Reformers from every part of , tho" United Kingdom will be invited .. Tho proceedings , in which all 23 ersons , members of the '• ¦ Association can take part , will be open , and the debates will embrace , tlm whole range of questions affected by tho ' prcsont constitution ; of'Parliament . At the termination of the Conference its . decisions will be embodied in resolutions , and submitted for tho approval of a public meeting , so that tho plan of action finally adopted , will thus at once be made known to the nation .
""' . This " . is a comprehensive , vigorous , and liberal policy , and thc sum mentioned as requisite to carry it out by ' the Council ; is moderate . Ten Thousand Pounds-expended iu this manner ,, will- yield an , ample harvest to the labourers in the vineyard of Representative Reform . Surely , with the widely-extended feeling in its favour , that sum will not be asked for . in vain , " If the Anti-Corn Law League could raise . five or _! ten times the
amount m a year , for the purpose of securing the liberty to trade freely , it will ; jndced , be disgraceful to us as a nation if the smaller sum be not forthcoming _.-for the nobler object of liberating the masses from political serfdom , inferiority ; , and / oppression . "W e cordially concur in tlie _opihionibxpressed by the Council , that the only way _» to prevent : the abuse of political power _ib , to place it under the direct control of a majority of the people , and that all other _demaMa _fer reform should be post _<
Representative Reform. A Report, Just Is...
_yon _$ 7 \ _tii & Mn _^ changes _^ can : _$ asity _^ e ; _fM _^ l ! _# _^»/' i _^ n |* e poweris merely _^ _i » ssed froni phe ; secti 6 nbf ; the _aristoci'a . cy . to _^ mother . , ; _i ¦' ¦ -7 > : _h-: _«^' ' - _7-:. \ _- _Thjere'is "But _ohe ' guarahtee . of _^ steady , safe , and permanent political prop jmprovemerit —• theenfranchisementand the enlightenment of _thorpoople . ; BGlievihg | hat ithe- mea sures _proposed by the NatiorialiReforin Association are _^ c'ilculated to ' promote ' these two _^ reat objects , we bi < l ; thiM Sep speed , ; and hope . they will be - honestly , and faithfully carried out . _< : : _' _- _& > . .: i , y _&^
Landlords And Tenants Under ¦ :" ;- ' ; ...
LANDLORDS AND TENANTS UNDER ¦ : ; _- ' ; FREE TRADE . ; . ' . ' ¦ The Tamworth oracle has spoken , with reference to the Protectionist movement . Mr . Cobden bid it defiance amidst the excitement and applause of public meetings Sir Robert Peel take ' s tho opportunity ; of his Michaelmas rents being now due , to address to tho fanners on his estate a manifesto intended for the
empire . There can "bo little doubt tbat the effect of his own legislation has been deeply injurious to the existing race of farmers . It has reduced the average price - of their produce one-third , while rent , taxes , tithes ,- and other permanent burdens _^ remain untouch ed arid unreduced . The ex-Mihister freely admits thesp consequences of his own measures . He says : — ¦ _^ There can , Ithink ; be no question that the effect ofthe recent chances of the law in respect to the free import of
the main articles of subsistence will be to maintain a range of low prices in average seasons , and to prevent very high prices m seasons of dearth . - ' _ _..-., The . English farmer must , therefore , find out some other way _^ of ¦ " making bothends meet . ' - ' Either he must have a reduction in permanent burdens ; equivalent to the average diminution in prices , or make up for . that diminution by increased produce—br , lastly , have Protection , in some shape or other , restored to hint . : ¦ .
Sir Robert is as decidedly against the last method as Ifr . Cobden himself . : He looks upon the changes he made as ¦; " irrevocable , '' aud advises his tenants—and , of course , all the farmers in the country— - ' to dismiss altogether from their calculations the prospect of renewed Protection , " . It is Sir Robert ' s "firm persuasion , that neither the present , nor any future Parliament , will , consent to re-impose duties upon the main articles of human food , cither for the purpose of Protection or revenue . " Tliat matter "being therefore _settled , finally and for ever—what is to be done ? Sir
ROBERT , in his characteristic style , answers the question cautiously , and—as our Scottish friends say , " cannily . " He is not the man for any bold or hazardous frank admissions , or unguarded promises . While he advises the farmers at once to act upon the persuasion that Protection can never be restored , and that , consequently , prices will , in future , always range low , ho does not propose to take " present prices as the basis of what they will be in future , and . make corresponding reductions , either in-rent or otherwise . Notat all . The peculiar circumstances of the last two . or three years exercised such a disturbing effect upon European markets generally , that Sir Robert means to wait until he can see
clearly how far these accidental causes are to be separated from the essential aud permanent effects of a free import of provisions . "When he has found out that , he . will speak again . Meantime , he makes cortain offers , sufficient in his estimation , to meet the ' existing crisis ; to all those tenants holding more than ten acres of land , who' pay the Michaelmas rent , aud all arrears that may be due , he promises to set apart twenty per cent , of the last half year ' s rent for the purpose of drainage , the removal of unnecessary fences , arid thc means of preventing ' the waste of manure ; On this expenditure no return will bo required
from the tenants , ' -and the same course is to be pursued with the next half year s rent , thus giving a reduction of forty- per cent , on the year ' s rent , to be applied to thc permanent improvement of the land . If additional drainage be required upon any farms , or other improvements be desired , - Sir Robert will , execute them , upon the tenant drawing . the materials , and paying four , per ceut . upon the outlay ; and farther , in the few cases whore leases exist , he will consent to release the tenant , on his giving , at the proper period , the same notice as required in . the . case of yearly tenancies . These latter , we regret to learn , are the . rule on Sir Robert ' s-estates .
It is clear that these terms , though apparently liberal , virtually concede nothing to the farmer ,, and merely improve the position of the landlord . The twenty per cent , remitted , isonly to those who pay the half year's rent , and all former arrears , and the sum , large or small , is to bo applied to effecting such improvements as will raise the permanent value of the . estate as a whole . It is the same with the offer to execute additional draining where necessary—the tenant must pay for all
permanent improvements ; but he is not to have a permanent interest hi them—nor are his rout , oi-. other permanent burdens to bo in any degree red need—at least , at present . Of course , nobody , will blame the ex-Premier-for looking after his own interests . ;' but fair play is-fair play , after all . If the change he effected by his law of 1346 , is so '' irrevocable , ' " arid is so ' certain to _^ produce alow average price in future , somo more decided equalisation of the' relations between landlord and tenant are imperative . ; _. ,
There is no doubt that a great discrepancy exists between the produce ' of different . farms of a similar soil , and as little , that , to a groat extent , this difference _cirises froni the differing degrees of capital , science , and skill possessed by . the . tenants . It is most desirable that farmSj proiducing eighteen or twenty bushels of wheat per acre , as good as those which : yield forty bushels , sliould be made to givo the larger produce . . It is equally true , that no
amount of Protection from foreign produce could enable the inferior to meet the superior farmer . : But , after all these admissions , we havo not got all the . truth . We have not got the main truth . _Talce the . farmer , described bySifEoBEn'c—who "bythe command of adequate capital , ' b y the application of scientific skill ,. by the liberal employment of labour , by the saving of every particle of manure , and the restoration to the earth of the elements of
fertility ,- which are" ' withdrawn with every crop , "—producosthe largost amount of food for man and beast . In what position does such a farmer-. standxinder Sir . "Robert ' s system of yearly tenancies ? . Why , that , of a mere worker for the landlord ; who , by the law ; and the force " of _competition , may increaso the rent in the " precise proportion as production is increased , and leave' the real producer the barestliving in return for all his exertions .
The lord of . Drayton Manor must improve his agricultural' ethics . ' ' In order that such persons as , he depicts may bo enabled to de-Vote themselves confidently " to the improved culture of tho soil , . they must have leases for given-periods , based upon equitable principles —they must be secured for a sufficient period to _^ ensure the return of their capital , with a fair interest ; and they must also have the use of the land , at such a rental as the altered' relations , in -which Sir Robert himself has placed them , to the foreign farmer , may justly demand .
. Wc believe that the din . abput Protection , now raised by the landlord-class to prevent any reduction of their rent-rolls , and that the specious—hut . equally delusory offers - of Sir RoBEnx _/ _iPjijiEi . to his . tenahtry— -will not avert this result of the ; recent great changes inJour commercial ' legislation . _; If Free Trade prin _^ ciples ' are -td _^ be -carried- out at all j they must be applied to land as well as _Wery other commodity . If ail other classes are
Landlords And Tenants Under ¦ :" ;- ' ; ...
to be c ontrolled-by ; the unrestricted operations of the canons of Political Economy _^ the landlords must not be exempted . * Common sense'requires this , and necessity will compel ' its : adoption . _Primogeniture—entaila —game laws—yearly tenancies—the exclusive possession of the soil by a , few magnates—are among the things which Free Trade will help to abolish . The old territorial i feudal system , under its influence _^ must go . to the wall . It
shall do so with all our heart and help ; but _. We are not therefore inclined to submit to anew commercial feudalism in its place . The money-lord and the . mill-lord must , not be allowed to take the place of the landlord , and ride rough-shod over the people . To prevent them doing so , we must have the whole peopledirectly and fully , invested with political power , and thus make the Legislature the representative ofthe nation—not of powerful and privileged classes .
' Parliamentalty Rumours. It Is Now Unde...
' PARLIAMENTAltY RUMOURS . It is now understood that Thursday , the 31 sfe inst ., is fixed for the commencement of the Session , aud , as usual , about this season , speculation is rife in the shape of rumours , as towhat Ministers intend to propose . " Tlie wish " is . doubtless , in many cases , "father to the thought , " and the Administration is credited with "good intentions , " of which they havenever dreamed . „ -.- ¦ . ¦ <¦¦ . Such , we very much fear , is the rumour that ascribes to them the intention to abolish
the . "Window Duty . The present Government have $ 0 : firmly opposed ' Lord pviiCAri' f successive motions for the abrogation of this most oppressive , iniquitous , and mischievous tax , that if they really entertain the idea , it is one of the most decided proofs of the power of public opinion . On tho last occasion whon the noble lord , the member for Bath , moved his usual motion , ho accompanied it with a detailed
estimate of . reductions m other quaz'ters , by which the Exchequer would be " placed in as good a position to meet tlie demands upon it as before . " Tin ' s year , however , we should think , there need be no difficulty about the matter . The blockade of the African coast for the suppression of the Slave Trade , is now seen to be so monstrous , indefensible , and utterly useless a _vraste of money , that neither the saints hor Lord
Palmerston will be able longer to prevail upon Parliament to sanction it . The Times estimates tho sum to be thereb y saved at 500 , 000 ? . a year . If to that we add the 100 , 000 / . accruing by the decease of the late Queen Dowager , it will amount to the sum annually raised by the Window Duty , at the cost of thc health , cleanliness , and comfort of those who most stand in need of these requisites .
All taxation is more or less unequal ,- in its pressure upon various classes . The "Window Duty is peculiarly so . It does not affect either the very poor or the . very rich . Ii is expressly contrived to fall upon the better class of mechanics , and the struggling portion of the middle and professional classes , who have , Heaven knows ! too many other taxes to -pay besides .
It is also rumoured that the army is to be reduced , by the number often thousand men . If so , it ought to be a bona fide reduction , not the delusive and dishonest scheme of last year . Let the regiments be entirel y disbanded , officers and men . To get rid of the cost of a tew thousand privates and non-commissioned officers , and retain the larger expense of the officers , is to be " penny wise and pound foolish " with a vengeance . The soldiers will compete in an already overcrowded labour market , to the great reduction of wages ; while ' 'the country would be burdened with nearly the same amount of taxation , for the support of a set of commissioned idlers in uniform .
One morning journal gravely announces on " good authority , " that Ministers arc going to cut the _Goi'dian knot of their Canadian difficulties in a very summary fashion . If Canada chooses . to separate herself , and carry out annexation to the United States , nobod y will interfere with her . Lord John- Russell ' s Cabinet have , it is said , adopted the refrain of a popular song , aud sing in concert , _. _-. . > " She may to Hong Kong for me !" This is the commencement of a new Colonial policy . If Canada , why not the Cape of Good Hope ? They are as rebellious there as iu Canada .. Why not in tlie Ionian Islands ? Lord High Commissioner Ward has had some hanging and shooting work there . Why not '
in ' Ceylon , where Governor Lord Torrwgtom has been at sixes and sevens with tho peoplo under his rule ? But , indeed , why not ; with all our colonies ? Why not cut' tho painter , and set thorn all adrift ? In Jamaica—in British Guiana—inTriuidad—in _ivewZealand —• in the Australian Colonies , dissatisfaction aiid disaffection prevail . Doctor _Laixg , before sailing to Port Philip in tho Clifton , a short time ago , with . a cargo of emigrants , published a letter to Lord Grey-, in which ho very plaiuly gave him notice of tho comino United-States of Australia , as a federated Republic , under a President who would neither be stained by the tergiversation of the " Emporor ' s Nephew , " nor the vices ofthe slavelioldiiirr Zacjiary _Tayloti . '
Wc have lived to see strange times . Protection raised for its rallying ' cry , "Ships , Colonies , and Commerce . " The Free Tradershave got rUVof . the" Ships "by the abolition of the Navigation Laws . Mr . _CoBDErr is now preaching the gospel of Colonial abandonment ; and if Ministers really intend to Jet Canada take her own way , it must be confessed the doctrine is- making rapid headway . Wc half suspect that Free Trade will uot stop short of revolutions not so pleasaut to its disciples as some they have already achieved . They believe that " Commerce " is certain thereby to be promoted . Will it be a profitable commerce ? If not ,: it will have to bo abandoned ,- as well as our ¦ - " unprofitable " colonies . We shall see .
The Tothill-Fields Chartist Prisoners. T...
THE TOTHILL-FIELDS CHARTIST PRISONERS . Thursday , January 3 rd . We understand that Mr . Vernon was this clay liberated from prison , after entering into sureties to keep the peace , & c . & c . Wo are sorry to add that Messrs . Ernest Jones and Fussell still remain in confinement .
. 'Ga.T.T.Ajit Rescue.—X ^ Correspondent...
. 'Ga . t . t . _ajit Rescue . —X _^ correspondent of thoNautical Standard commmiicates the following incident '' The Rattler , while shortly after leaving Ascension lately , iind when , 'ia int ., 2 deg . " 5 min . S ., * long . 7 S' E at six _o _' _ch'ck , p . m ., as the hands wero aloft reefing tcpSail , a second class boy fell overboard . Thc commander , ' ( dimming , ) who was on deck at the time , quickly observed the accident , and without a Moment ' s deliberation bounded over tho stern , seized the boy as he passed under , and with the aid ofa few kroomeii , who speedily followed so laudable an example , supported the boy until a boat was manned and sent to his assistance .. This act is tlie more commendable iii consequence of the hazard incurred by the galiaiit commander , for tho Rattler , at the time alluded to , was going at tho rate of four knots through tlie water , and the sea ia that'locality" abound " with sharks , which arc remarkable for their voracity . "
Elastic Gkotesque 'Paces . —Thousands of theso amusing toys ( tens of thousands , perhaps ' , ' ) havo been imported from Germany , and' sold as gutta percha figures , but there is not a grain of gutta _poi'cha or Indian . ' rubber ; in them . Thoy are cast in ghTe and treacle , tho composition of wliich printing rollers are made , which is sluggishly elastic . Gutta porclia is not elastic , and India rubber too elastic for . the slow grave" change of expression after a squeeze . These faces arc readily soluble , and in warm water soon nielt , which cannot bo done with either gutta percha or Ihdia rubber ; a touch ofthe tongue , 'where the lidded colour will not be removed to spoil the toy , - will-instantly betray its composition ; - Surely some of our ' ingenious modellers can , upon this hint , make them , and profitably too . at ono'third of their present cost .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Jan. 5, 1850, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_05011850/page/4/
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