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, , .-, THE, NORTHJ1M* STAR, JJ Decembeb...
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LIBERAL BOOKS on POLITICS, THEOLOGY, AND SOCI A L PROGRESS ,
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THE LAND.
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Our second edition of next week will con...
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I'HE NORTHEKN S'JAK. SATURDAY , DECEMBER 5 , 1816".
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THB IRISH FOUCIIE. "What crime, what sin...
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THE JUST JUDGE. By the ghost of Jenkins ...
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NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF UNITED TRADES AN...
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POLAND. THE "22nd OF FEBRUARY"—THE MASSA
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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, , .-, The, Northj1m* Star, Jj Decembeb...
, _, _.-, THE , NORTHJ 1 _M * STAR , JJ Decembeb 5 . _m _* ——¦ - _^^^— . _——^»^^—I . ... . 1 ¦ ' | . _JBta
Liberal Books On Politics, Theology, And Soci A L Progress ,
LIBERAL BOOKS on POLITICS , THEOLOGY , AND SOCI A L PROGRESS ,
Ad00409
Published , and Sold , Wholesale aid Retail , BY JAMES WATSON , , Queen ' s Head Passage , Paternoster Row , London THE REASONER , ( Edited hy G . J . Holyoake . ) a Weekly Publication , _pricn three half-pence , devoted to tbe inre > tifrntion of Religious Dogmas . To fee had also in Monthly Parts . Mathematics no Mystery . Now _putlishing ia Weekly Numbers at Threepence each . Practical Grammar , by 6 . J . Holyoake , Is . 6 d . Handbook to Ditto , by Ditto , lOd . Orin Five If umbers nt Twopence each . Just rublisbcd . iuTivoTulume 8 . neat cloth boards and and lettered , _prica Six Shillings and Sixpence , the Fourth _E-lition of ENQUIRY concerning POLITICAL JUST ICE , and its Influence on Morals and Happisess . By William Godwin . To be had in 11 Parts at Sixpence each , or
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How ready , _Prict OMSWlliug . THE SKC * N » EDITION _» F MY LIFE , OE OUR SOCIAL STATE , Pu * t I . a Poem , bv ERNEST JONES , " Barrister at Law . Full of wild dreams , " _strafe fancies aad graceful _ima-ms _intpi- < wreed with many bright and beautiful * Ss " tsX ? defect is its brevity * The author ' s _in" _piraaonsseem to _j _^ ush fresh and sparkling from _Hippo-• . rene . _!!• will want neither readers nor admirers . — Mornit contains more pregnant thoughts , raore bursts of lyric power , more , in fine , ofthe truly grand and beautiful , than any poetical work , which has made its appearance for years . We know of few things more dramatically intense than the scenes betweer Philipp , Warren and Clare . —New Quarterly Review . Published by Mr . _Newby , 72 , Mo * . timer-street , Caven-Jilis-square . Orders received by all booksellers . Bv tho same Author
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CnARTIST POEMS , JBY ERNEST JONES . ! Price Three Penoe . THiaO EDITION , REVISED AND COH 3 E <* TEJ > . Replete with the fire of genius , and poetic powers of the , very highest order , for eloquence and destructive power , they appear , to u =, almost unrivalled . Wo say "destructive , "" for tlieir tendency is " worse than Democratic . "New Quarterly Rccictc , —( Tory . ) Mr . Ernest Jones is too much (!) given to confine all virtue to the Chartist side , and to see iu every political opponent _ouly a tyrant or a knave . —Tlie Reasoner . These poems have earned for their author the admiration of thousands . They m : iy be classsed together ns stirring and truly _poetictii appeals , which must command the response of the mighty multitude . —Northern Star . Agents are requested to send their orders to the author or to Mr . Wheeler , at the office of the N . C . A ., 83 , Dean _Street , _Solio , London , or to M'Gowan , & Co ., Printers , _Ij ; , Great Windmill Street , Haymarket , London , where eopies may be procured .
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On Saturday next , Dec * mber 12 th , Will be _{ 'ublished , price One Penny , to be continued Weekl y , No . I . of THE CO-OPERATOR , A Journal oi Social , _Moral , and Educational Progress , This Work will be published in Boyal Octavo , double columns , and is intended to furnish weekly rvports of _vvM-y movement going forward in the country of a Co-operative character , with original ai tides on uusectariau education , and social nnd moral improvement . Also publishing in Weekly Numb _.-rs , THE FAMILY JOURNAL , Beautifully i ! Iustra : d , and as large and elegantly got up as Chambers'Journal , price One Penny . E . _Dipple , and S . Y . Collins , Holywell , Strand , and : ill Booksellers
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ROYAL MARYLEBONE THEATRE . Licensed by authority of the Lord Chamberlain . Propiictor ... Mr . Lovebidoe . Lessee ... Mr . _Jonx _BoroLASS , Theatre , Marylebone , A BENEFIT * ii aid of the Funds of tbe _Assembly and _Rending Rooms , 83 , Dean Street , Soho , will be given 0 > ' _TrESDAi EvEsrNG , 8 : h of _Decembeb . 181 G , At the above Theatre , unfler the Patronage of T . S . DUNCOMBE , Esq ., M . P ., Who will honour the Theatre with his presence on this occasion .
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_T-0 TAILORS . LONDON ind PARIS FASHIONS FOR AUTUMN AND WINTER , 1848-47 . By READ and Co ., 12 , Hart-street , Bloomsbury square , London ; And G . Bcrg . r , Holywell-street , Strand ; M ly be had of all booksellers , wheresoever residing . NOW BEADT , _TT ** ) y approbation of her Majesty Queen Victoria , and . Oiiis Royal Highness PriHCe Albert , a splendid print richly coloured a » d exquisitely executed View of nyd Park Ga . _* d « _ns , as seen from Hyde Park , London . With his beautiful Print will be sent Dress , Frock , and Riding Coat Patterns , the n west style Chesterfield , and the New Fashionable Double-breasted Waistcoat , with "Skirts . The method of reducing and increasing them f or all sises , explained iu the most simple manner , with l . , ur extra Piates , and can be easily performed by any person . Manner of niakiug up , and a full description ol tt : e Uniforms , as now to be worn in the Royal Nary , and _gthcr information . —Price 10 s .. or post-free lis .
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SUBSCRIPTION IN AID OF MR . JOHN FROSTFOR SCOTLAND . THE COMMITTEE being now desirous of closing the above Subscription , in order that the proceeds may be immediately transmitted to Mr . Frost , beg respectfully to request all those holding Books to return the same , along with any Monies they may have received , to either of the Subscribers , on or before the 5 th of December . Georoe Ross , 83 Trongate . James Moid , 174 , G :: llowgate . Glasgow , 12 th November , 18 * 10 . P . S . —Parties aro particularly enjoined to return the Book 9 whether with or without Money .
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Nearly ready , 2 s . Od . Cloth , PRACTICAL MANAGEMENT OF SMALL FARMS , Bv F . _O'Cohnob , Esq . Ai . accident having occurred , this edition will stil further be delayed for ten days , at which time all parties are requested to send tbeir orders—Abel Heywood , 58 , Oldham Street , Manchester ; J . Watson , Pateruosterrow ; and Cleave , _Shoe-lunu , London : and all Booksellers .
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LITHOGRAPHIC ENGRAVINGS or TUB DUNCOMBE TESTIMONIAL . MAY still be had at thc Ofiice of Messrs . M'Gowan and Co ., 1 C , Great Windmill Street , Haymarket , London ; through any respectable bookseller in town or country ; or at nay of the agents of the Northern Star . The engraving is on a large scale , is executed in the most finished style , is finely printed on tinted paper , and gives a minute description of the Testimonial , aud has tbe Inscription , Ac , & k , engraved uponit . PRICE FOUUPENCE .
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On the 1 st of January will bo published , '' No . 1 , ( price Gd . ) of THE LABOURER , A Monthly _Magazine of Polities , Literature , Pootry , . fee . . _Eai ' _ae by Feargus O'Connor , Esq ., and Ebnest Jones , Esq ., _( Barristers-at-Law . ) With contributions by _stvcral able _condjutovs . " The Labourer " will consist of 48 full pages of -natter ; it will be printed in a superior style on fine paper , and brought out , in all _retpects , equal to any Magazine of the day . No . 1 , will contain a " Cubistmas Cabol _, " in verse , by Mr . Ernest Jones . Further particulars will be given in future advertlsements .
The Land.
THE LAND .
Our Second Edition Of Next Week Will Con...
Our second edition of next week will contain an account of THE BALLOT .
I'He Northekn S'Jak. Saturday , December 5 , 1816".
_I'HE NORTHEKN _S'JAK . SATURDAY , DECEMBER 5 , 1816 " .
Thb Irish Fouciie. "What Crime, What Sin...
THB IRISH FOUCIIE . "What crime , what sin , can be charged to the account of the dishonoured dead that may not be copied into the indictment against his living prototype ; nay , bow white the sins of the hired spy comp a r e d t o tbe sc a rlet ab o mi na tions of the t rusted traitor ! He locked Ireland in one fond embrace of national confidence , the young tendrils of long ing childhood twining around the brawny muscle of manhood , communicating a magnetic influence to t h e a ttenuat e d sinews of old age ; the smiles of _laaidenliood electrifying the g lowing hearts of chivalrous Irishmen , whose test of sweetheart fitness was to be denot e d by love of f a therland , and readiness to die for its freedom .
All t h e na me s t o conjure w ith were burnt up o n the young heart , and those who had bled and were banished for love of Ireland were held up as objects w o r t hy of but the rude and vulgar scoff o f rude and vul gar p lace-hunters , while theintractable living , who preferred retirement to dishonour , or sought a purer field than the contagious bli g ht of patronage and profli gacy for the exercise of their patriotism , were held up as Ireland ' s bitterest enemies , and -worthy only of their country ' s scorn and contempt . Char' emont , Grattan , and Cioncurry , sleepers upon down , culled gentl y from beneath poor Erin ' s wing are names to conjure with ; while
Lawless , honest Lawless , for his nusfor tunes gathered from his country 's sufferings and devotion to her cause ; O'Gorman Mahon , w hose young blood could not brook his tyrant ' s treachery ; and Henry Lambert , cut off by insolence in his training for freedom ' s race , are all , one and all , consi gned to the black catalogue of Ireland ' s enemies . Davis would he allowed to sleep on in his unbroken rest , undisturbed by the withering curses of those who have been prematurel y hurried to the cold grave hy obedience to the councils of the traitor who plundered them while living , and mocked them for their credulity when dead *
"BE JUST BJ'FORE YOU ARE GENEROUS , " IRISHMEN , and show your generosity by trampling over the unmarked graves of your young patriots , while you settle the Balance Sheet with the patriot Jew , who has sold your country , your confidence , your freedom , your generosity , your union , and your strength , for Saxon gold and strangers ' patronage . Go , you poor , p itiful , priceless mob of _iiigrates—ro to the counter of the nation , and be
stamped with your sterling value . Go to the stranger ' s door , unbare your withering muscle , show your pining offspring , the young blood and future hope of Ireland , to your Saxon vice-king , and ask your patriarchal Liberator salesman to set a price ( if coin mean enough can he found ) upon your priceless heads . Be branded on your foreheads as vo lunt ee rs t o die for fatherland , or perish in a contest with your American families in the struggle for Saxon supremacy over American freedom .
Be branded first , then go to your stall and ask your Liberator for whom , for what , you are to fight , then throw up your caps and shout loud , louder , louder still , for Old Ireland and Repeal , tbe Queen , God bless her ! and the paternal government of base , brutal and blood y Whigs , and Sergeant Daly , and the handful of raw Irish recruits that shot She l l an d t h e S a x o ns at Ne w p o rt in t he struggle for freeman's ri g hts . Go , grin your moral force reproach over the naked nnstoned grave of Lord Edward , and trample upon young Emmett ' s traitor tomb , where his mutilated body lies ; curse young
Harvey for his rashness in Ireland s noble strugg le , while you glean young courage from Ireland ' s moral force "PHALANX" of 73 , 313 vouchers of her patriot ' s valour , and pay your quota of £ 97 30 s . 9 d . the balance due to your figurative Liberator . Let us have the long _tlist of victims relieved from the immense fund paid by confiding paupers ; a return of the grievances , public and private , t ha t have been redressed out of the 73 , 348 vouchers for the national exche q u e r ; CHALK DOWN tbe number of obscene and drunken patriots that have revelled upon poor Erin ' s sweat , and tears , and sorrow .
Did we not tell you that the mission of the Liberator was as Cad to Ireland ' s present Saxon Viceroy , to break you up and throw the blame upon those who , though long time slavish , would not PUBLISH themselves as sjaves r Were you not aware that the present Saxon Viceroy had been the Whi g scullion for many years , and had the bestowal of scraps from t he Whig p latter as bis perquisite ? Were you ignorant of what was sure to follow Russell ' s definition of the two parties who sought Repeal , qualif ying
your Liberator for trust and patronage , and desi gnating you as rebels ? Had you forgotten the many lam e nt a tions you h a d he a rd o v e r the disunion of Irishmen , and did you ever know disunion so great and blasting , or caused on such frivolous pretext , as that which i 3 now tearing every heart , Mark , Irishmen , we have always told you that tlie abandonment of a cause by its leaders is ever followed by a recourse to arms hy the deceived ; and now behold the truth of the saying— " O'Connell has sold you , and ft h your _wnfidcucc , aad , as if by magic , wry mar .
Thb Irish Fouciie. "What Crime, What Sin...
kct cross becomes an open mart for the _saiV- ° ' _* rm the poor haying no further reliance upon their "noral force [ champion - and every drop of blood _shftd will be a consequence of his treachery . " But let us presume that you do owe the Liberator NINETYSEVEN POUNDS TEN SHILLINGS AND NINEPENCE , wh y , what does it argue , bnt that the merchant kept your books as long as his trade was profitable , but closed them upon the small balance appearing against you and Ireland , thus fairly estimating his LOVE OF FATHERLAND by the rule of three , and at fhe small sum of £ 97 10 s . 9 d . But , merciful Providence ! those who would fain be satisfied have to wade through SEVENTY-THREE THOUSAND
THREE HUNDRED A . ND FORTY-EIGHI _VOUCHERS ! TERRIFIC MORAL FORCE PHALANX !
The Just Judge. By The Ghost Of Jenkins ...
THE JUST JUDGE . By the ghost of Jenkins ( Chief Justice Wilde will understand us , and perhaps tremble at the name ) we were not prepared to expect such a compliment as the Chief Justice of the Common Pleas has conferred upon Mr . Feargus O'Connor . We have received the written assurance of a professional
gentleman , that , in the case of O'Connell against O'Connor , the summing up of the Jud ge was " PARTIAL AND BITTER" in tbe extreme ; while , not satisfied with having secured the largest _, amount of damages that ihe circumstances , or even the law , warranted , the Chief Justice certified for the costs of a special jury , declaring that it was a very fit case for a special jury .
Of late the limes has amused us with some very cap ricious notions relative to the inconsistency o f Judges , while we have been always taught , from our _reference of justice , to look to tbe Bench as an unerring thing . The Judges have been lauded for their non-interference in speculation and party squabbles , while the license that they not unfrequently take with tbe rights and liberties of the subject have been allowed to pass unnoticed from a b . 'lief in their infallibility . Now , if there is one office more than another which requires the entire confidence of every class , and every branch of society , it is that of Judge ; and so great is the
responsibility that , if indifferent a * , to all other appoi n tments , Government should be jealous upon this head . A Judge is thc trustee of the Constitution , and should be the unbiassed advocate of justice . A judge should be selected fur the purity of his life , his character , and his conduct ; as it would be a mockery of justice to see the convicted felon sitting upon the judgment seat . Justice coming from such a man would be polluted in its source , and carry contagion in its progress . But we hold our pen ; we owe a dut y to the public , which can be best performed by being at large and in possession of our liberty .
National Association Of United Trades An...
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF UNITED TRADES AND THE STAR . From the establishment of the Northern Star to the present day it has not onl y been our study and desire to advance every movement made in behalf of the working classes , but we have further subjected ourselves even to outlawry , as will be seen by the report of Sir Thos . Wilde ' s spiteful and vindictive—though short , charge to the special jury who tried the cause of O'Connell v . O'Connor . We have debarred ourselves of all chances of justice in the Courts of law , whether trie d for a political offence or called upon to defend ourselves against personal charges , and all this we have brought upon ourselves by our
undeviating advocacy of Labour ' s cause . Indeed , it would be difficult to show any single movement made upon behalf of the working classes that we have not been mainly instrumental in fostering until tbe giant strcngtli made the giant independent of our further aid or forgetful of our past services . It has become almost a fashion to repudiate a nurse when the child can walk alone , and hence we presume it is , that some of our friends neglect the opportunities that we are ever ready to afford in the publication of their proceedings , while they would invariabl y charge their own neg li gence to the account of our indifference .
It is matter of no small importance with working men , to procure the meanest corner in an adverse journal for a nonpareil equivocal notice of their proceedings , while tbe omission of matter by the S tar , ot which we could have no knowled ge , is turned into a grave and serious charge ; in fact , Labour and the Star are as man and wife , accustomed to the usual
domestic civilities but occasionally administered with the usual conjugal coldness . Since the National Association of United Trades has acquired a sufficient amount of strength to make it dangerous to the monopoly and tyranny of the masters , it has been thoug ht worth y of the notice , censure , and reprobation of the leading Journals , and especially the Times . In the several contests that we have
had with the press on behalf of the body , we have shewn neither indifference , or lack of disposition to defend it against its assailants . When the whole body of labour was threatened with the crushing Masters' and Servants ' Bill , we not only chronicled the national mind from John O'Groats to Land ' s End , but we roused universal indignation against the monster , and for which , until the battle was
fought and won under our indomitable chief , we received resolutions of thanks from all parts of the country . In that struggle we gave untiring assistance to Mr . Duncombe , who is ever ready to acknowled ge our services , and but for whom , aided b y our poor assistance in gathering up ] the national indignation , our friends , tbe Trades , would now be a s a rope of sand .
These services , however , are forgotten ; land it now appears that the National Association of United Trades lays the charge of indifference to their proceedings at our door . This is scarcely fair . TheTrades business of the Association is transacted at Bloomsbury , and the Star is printed in Great Windmillstreet * , no great distance between the Executive and publication ; while our invariable instructions have been to give insertion to all their proceedings . At whose door , then does the charge of neglect fairl y lie ? With those who are ready to aid , or those who
are too indolent to assist themselves ? If our columns were as exclusive and as hermeticall y sealed against the complaints of the labouring classes as those of our contemporaries , some value would be attached to our services . W e unde r sta n d that complaints of s uppressed or garbled reports of Trades proceedings have been made to the President ; and , in order to ascertain the fact * for himself , aud to establish a cordial union between man and wife , that worthy and untiring officer did
us the honour of a personal visit this morning ( Thursday ) , for an exp lanation , as well as to agree upon a proper understanding forthe future ; and the result of Mr . Duncombe ' s visit has been that we henceforth place three columns , or more , if required , at the disposal of the Executive of the National Association of United Trades , allowing the officer appointed for the purpose , space for a weekly comment upon the proceedings of the body . We trust that this arrangement will g ive perfect satisfaction , and that one of the most essential
conditionsnamely , the time of transmuting _^ matter to the Office , will be observed . All proceedings intended for the country must be at our office by ten o ' clock on Wednesday night ; the comment upon those matters by twelve o 'clock at noon on Thursday ; while space shall be cheerfully afforded to any later proceedings requiring publication in our later editions , up to ten o ' clock on Saturday morning . Thus , * we show ourselves ready and willing to meet _thewishef « f our frieads , while , upon their part , vye » _haU ex
National Association Of United Trades An...
peef compliance with the arrangements agreed upC" _* by the President . We ever have looked with great deli ght upon the growing importance of this body ; and as to our devotion to its head and chief , we yield to no one living . We have a regard for Mr . Duncombe beyond that swayed by political feeling ; we have" that strong attachment which his amiable and singular qualities cannot fail to secure in those
who know him _; and , therefore , to him we look for the fulfilment ot this , our new treaty with the National Association of United Trades . In another column will be found the resolution of the Trades expressive of their approval of the arrangements made by their president . We thank thera for the kindly spirit manifested , and it shall not be our fault if the happy link of union is broken . Our columns are at their service , and our poor ability as well .
Poland. The "22nd Of February"—The Massa
POLAND . THE " 22 nd OF FEBRUARY "—THE MASSA
CRES IN GALLICIA . ¦ ' Is there not some chosen curse-Some hidden thunder in the stores of Heaven , Red with uncommon wrath to blast the crew , Who owe their greatness to a people's ruin ?" We remarked last week on the causes which induced * the failure of the Revolution of 1830 ; and showed that the most influential of those causes was the combined folly and knavery of the aristocratic leaders , who feared or opposed the raising of the Polish masses , who might have been rallied against Russia to a man had the revolution been proclaimed a struggle " by all for all "—for political equality and social justice , as well as for national independence .
Misfortunes correct the errors of some men , but even defeat and exile but rarely make an impression for good upon princes and aristocrats ¦ and so with too many of the Polish emi gration , who , in s te a d of ackn o wled ging their past errors , and g iving indubitable evidence of the purity of their intentions for the future , have made themselves ridiculous hy affecting to perpetuate their diplomatic humbug ; at the same time electing a king for Poland ; that king too , the Czartoryski whose imbecility , if nut criminality , so largel y contributed to tbe failure oftlie Revolution of
1830 . Once for all , let us say we do not declaim against any section of the Poles , because belonging to thc aristocracy of birth and station ; we blame them because , forgetful of the lessons of the past , and blind to the certainties of the future , they persis t in a system of combined wrong and error ; which , while it has been injurious to themselves , has been fatal to their country . So far from blaming men simply for belonging or having belonged , to the
aristocracy , we testif y most heartily to the virtues of an immense portion of the Polish " nobility . " Some of the most daring heroes and statesmanlike leaders have belonged to this body of the Polish people . Not a few of the Democratic Society , and the most trusted of the democratic leaders belong by birth to the ¦• nobility ; " veritable nobles in heart and mind , in word and deed , these men justly march at the head of their party . That party is the last hope of Poland .
From the ranks of this party has gone forth the doctrines which are fast innoculating the Polish masses with aspirations for true liberty , and bid fair a _, t no distant day to bring forth the fruit of a mass rising against Poland ' s oppressors . From this party too has gone forth . the daring propagators of democratic doctrines whose heroism and sufferings may be illustrated b y the mere mention of the name of Simon Konarski ; better known than most of his brother martyrs , thou gh not more worthy of mankind ' s
admiration . — Some of the results ofthe labours of these hero martyrs were seen when the insurrection burst out in Cracow , in February last . It was immediatel y proclaimed that the insurrection commenced was not for national independence onl y , but for social justice—for the freedom and equal rights of all Poles . This was declared in the celebrated Cracow Manifesto of tbe 22 nd of February . We bave not room to quote the entire Manifesto , but the following extract will suffice : —
We are twenty millions . Let us rise a " s one man , and no force on earth can crush our power . We shall enjoy such liberty as never was known on earth . Let us conquer a state of society , in which every man shall enjoy his share ofthe fruits ofthe earth according to his merits ( earnings ) . and his capacity , in which no ( exclusive ) privilege , of any kind , whatever , will be . allowed to remain ; in which every Pole will find a full guarantee for himself , his wife and his children ; in which every man disabled by nature in the use of his bodily or mental functions , will find ,
without humiliation , the unfailing assistance of the whole social body ; a state in which those portions of land which hitherto have been merel y in the conditional possession oi their cultivators , will become their absolute property ; in which all _uent ( white and black , according to the feudal acceptation of the term ) , soccage labour and other similar burdens , ( entailed upon these lands , ) will cease without any indemnity ( to the landlords ) , and those who will . devote themselves in arms to the national cause , will be remunerated by a grant of land from the national
domains . This was the way to create a veritable revolution , to give to the people of P o lan d a cause " worth living for , worth dying for , " Had the words we have above quoted from the Manifesto but once struck upon the ears _^ of the Polish youth , ere the tyrants had concerted their measures of defence , the volcano of national force would have been
irrepressible ; but , alas ! the tyrants were forewarned and forearmed ; their infernal measures were already perfected ere the tocsin sounded at Cracow . There can be no doubt that the treacherous government of Louis-Philippe aided largely in putting the three despots on their guard . Was our own government altogether innocent of the like crime ? Would that > re could believe so , but we remember . the letteropening villainies , and blush for our country .
Throug hout ' Russian Poland " an overwhelming military force , and the seizure of hundreds , if not thousands , of the suspected , sufficed to crush the conspiracy ere it could explode . POTOTCKI , Z . UISKI , DOBR 1 EZ , and KOZIECHKZOWSKI , at the moment they were about to unfold the banner of insurrection were taken anil immolated . In Posen , but another day , and the Prussian yoke would bave been cast from the necks of the gallant men alread y gathering for the combat ; hut spies
and traitors had not been employed in vain , the day that should have been the day of battle , saw Posen ' s chivalry surprised , disarmed , enchained ; they had si g hed for the tented field—or the grave , but their night ' s repose was in Prussian dungeons . And Austria ; cursed be her name : — " Exalted high above her vile compeers , And festering in the infamy of years ;" She has waded through innocent blood to her bad pre-eminence , and inexorable justice shall one dayaward her her doom ;
" Crimson tears shall follow yet !" This is not the place to write a history of the Gallician massacres ; with ali possible brevity we must merel y remind our readers of the facts . A large number of the Gallician nobilit y weary of Austrian tyranny , and having imbibed the principles of democracy , were eag e r to throw off the Austrian yoke , and were as resolved to make tlte niovement national by turning their serfs into freeholders , and investing them with the rights of
citizens . In proof of the honesty of their intentions , we should state that for many years previous they bad done all that Austria would allow them to do towards improving the condition ofthe peasantry , whereas , on the other hand , the Austrian government had continually thwarted all their schemes of amelioration . T ' lds was in strict accordance with the policy of Austria , which every where maintains her sway by setting class against class , and race against race . When , therefore , the innirrectiwi iu Gallicia was
Poland. The "22nd Of February"—The Massa
about to burst forth , the darkest means _whiclT _^ carnate villainy could invent , were devised t _*' sure the destruction ofthe patriots . The atr _V" * the Austrian government promul gated the most m ° * cious calumnies amongst the peasantry , „ , „ * them , in some p laces , that the nobles wanted to " _^ ment the number of working days to six in e _" _^ week , in other places that the nobles were i nten ? ing to massacre the peasants . But mere calurnni !" would have failed to ensure the object _desired-ft destruction of the nobles . A system of proscri _ption - _^^^^^ _a—
and assassination was thorofnra _n » n . «« . _* - _„ j ami assassination was therefore organised , Con victed felons were liberated from Austrian jails , and these , assisted by disguised soldiers and spies , ' Wete placed under the leadershi p of the notorious SzeU a miscreant who had been condemned to imprison ' ment for setting fire to his own father ' s house and committing an , unutterable crime on tbe person of a child , —the work of these wretches was to murdet all persons suspected of patriotism . As a further en .
couragement , brandy was freel y distributed , and a price set upon the heads of the suspected . These inducements of course augmented the number ofthe assassins . Then commenced acts of terror , far exceeding in horror the worst scenes in the French Revolution . Not only tbe nobles , but their wives children , servants , and even a number of the pea ' sants were remorselessly sacrificed . Common mur . der was too merciful , and for once the perpetrators of the St . _Bartholomew massacre were excelled i „ cruelt y . For some particulars of the infernal tor . tures to which the asassin s subjected their victims we refer the reader to the list below . These assassi . ' nations were perpetrated by order of the Austrian government , paid for by Austrian money , and directed by Austrian officers . Lastly , the Austrian
Emperor , in a special proclamation , recorded hij thanks to the assassins , and conferred rewards upon the prefects of Tarnow , Bochnia , Przemysl , Iaslo _, Wadowritz , and Saudetche , who had commanded the murders , and paid the murderers the offered price for their victims . It has been pretended by the vile German press , that the Gallician massacres were voluntaril y performed by the peasantry to revenge themselves for the tyranny of the nobles . But this is an unmiti gated falsehood , as is sufficiently evident from the fact that the nobles principally devoted to slaughter were
men who were exceedingly popular amongst their own tenantry , for their benevolence and hnmanitv Moreover it is well known that the nobles were not murdered b y their own peasants , but by bands of hired ruffians who came from a distance ; and in s o me instances , where the peasa ntry had warning of the approach of the assassins } they were enabled to successfully defend the locality from their assault . No , the Polish people have not sullied their fair name by such a crime to Austria belongs the undivided infamy of these atrocities . Here is a
LIST OF SOME OF THE VICTIMS . _1 . Aczkiewicz 2 . Bogusz the father . 3 . Bogusz ( Stanislaus ) . 4 . Bogusz ( Victor ) . 5 . Bogusz ( Nicodemus ) . C . Bobrowski ( Adolph ) . 7 . Bzoski ( Vlodimir ) . 8 . Bronieski ( Theodor ) . 9 . Bronieski ( John ) . —Both'Bronieskis were butch
ered m the most atrocious way in their own houses . Theodor had his rils , arms , and legs broken , and ivas afterwards hilled with flails . Of John they cut off the ears and the nose , and skinned his head . His wife was forced to li ght Ihe assassins when tearing out her husband ' s eyes . 10 . Brzescianski ( Francis ) . 11 . B alohrzeski ( Peter ) . 12 . Bielenaki .
13 . Bielmski . 14 . Baranowski ( Lewis ) . 15 . Baranowski ( the father ) . 16 . Baranowski ( the son ) . 17 . Beldowski . 18 . _Baltarzinska ( Mrs , ) born Pioszvnska . 19 . Bobrownicki ( Joseph ) . 20 . Boniewski ( Felix ) . 21 . Brelinski ( Cedaibert ) . 22 . _Chrzonstowski ( Alexander ) . 23 . Chrzonstowski ( Edward ) . 24 . Dembicki ( Miscislaus ) . 25 . Dembinski ( Elias ) . 26 . Dembinski ( Alexander ) . —Had his fingers cut off in order to get the rings he bore on them .
2 " . _Dzwonkowskl ( John ) . 28 . Dulemba ( Joseph ) . 9 . Denker ( the father ) . 30 . Denker ( the son ) . 31 . Dombski ( Dorainicus ) . —Cut in four pieces 32 . Danker ( the father ) . 33 . Danker ! . „ . 34 . Danker / ( 5 w ») 35 . Eiseubach ( Joseph ) , father . 36 . Eisenbach ( Joseph ) son .
37 . Fox , 38 . _jox ( Ladislaus ) . 39 . Fux , ( father . ) 40 . Fux , ( son . ) 41 . Goriicki ( Roman ) . 42 . Goluchowski , ( father . ) 43 . Goluchowski , ( son . ) 14 . Gruszczynski . 43 . Gepert—Massacred bv Jews 46 . Grunfeld .
47 . Gurski ( John ) . 48 . Gurski ( Casimir ) , 49 . Horodynski ( Antony ) . —Chopped into small pieces . 50 . Hadyski . 51 . Jastrzembski ( Bonaventure ) . 52 . Jakubowski . 53 . Janikowski . 54 . Ihas .
55 . Ihas ( Mrs . ) . —This unfortunate lad y , anxious to save her husband , hid him in a largechest , when the murderers were at work pillag ing her house . When the brigands approachei the chest , she entreated them not to kill her husband , but to conceal him in a safe place . They promised to do so , but after having turned him out of the chest , and seeming as if they intended to hide him , carried him into a stable , put him on a cart , yoked to it three oxen and brought the cart before the house , vociferating : " As thou wished to save him , pull him now I" They voked ber together
with the three oxen and forced her to pull the cart . They then beat the husband and the wife until they died under the blows . 56 . Kalita ( Adam ) . 57 . Kierwinski . —Minced , and his palpitating limbs given as food to pigs . 58 . Kotarski ( Charles ) . —Assailed on the road , he implored the murderers to allow him to prepare himself for death ; they carried hini into a church , and afterwards massacred hint
his jaw-bones were removed when alive . The journals have very often mentioned tbis honest _manias the benefactor of his people . 59 . Konopka ( Prosper ) . —Beaten during twelve hours ; afterwards mutilated and broug ht to the district in a state of complete nakedness . 60 . Komorowski ( Ladislaus ) . 61 . Klobnchowski ( Stanislaus ) . 62 . Kaininski ( Roman ) . 63 . Karpinski . 64 . Klein .
65 . Kempinski ( Henry ) . 66 . Kempinska ( Mrs . ) Born countess Dembidfia _, Was pregnant with twins , and killed with * dung-fork . The _ttoins were torn out of the corpse . They did this to get the " Atutoto price" for more than one head . 67 . Kempinski ( Miczislaus ) . 68 . Kruczkiewicz . 69 . Litwinski ( Alexander ) . 70 . Litwinski , his brother . 71 . Lubieniecki . —Blew bis brain *? out at _tkC _3-P
proaeh of the murderers . 7 . 2 . Lazowski , father . 73 . Lazowski , son . 74 . Lazowski ( Erasrae ) , second *« . _% 75 . Lobaszewski ( Thomas ) . 76 . Lobaszewski ( Lewis ) . 77 . Lobaszewski ( Leo ) . 78 . Marynowski ( Thadeus ) . 79- Marynowski ( sou ) . 80 . Malecka .
8 . 1 . Malecki ( Mrs . ) . 32 . Moraka ( Mrs . ) , —Aged 60 , atranR led by « W 0 _BHH 1 , __
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Dec. 5, 1846, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_05121846/page/4/
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