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MUST 8,''1846WA THm myRTllERNnSlWAVHV ' ...
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ADDRESS OF THE CHARTISTS OF ENGLAND TO T...
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Wkst Hidim J)bwsomb M«K«xo. T ] his meet...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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jjr . _Sncksmith was opposed to tbe motion on his _-gBjing into the room , but tlie arguments he had _t 6 ara had convinced him , aid he was now prepared _ft-fotefbr it . jfr . Linney , of Bilston , last time sent 10 , 000 signatures . * n was prepared to say that next time they * oold send 15 . 000 if confined to the Charter . Ut . Wild said , that on presenting the last petition _str , "Duncombe was insulted , and through him the _-jtjon , betas he is willing to forget this and to do all in his power for the promotion of the Charter , it is our doty _tiawist him ; it will essentially serve the cause of democracy , and I pledge myself for the district which I represent that theywill do their duty , and as to the expense , that would only be the cost of { he paper , as each man will take his share of the work .
__ .. Mr . Hornby : Marylebone _wOI do its share ofthe * or _* k , andthe men of Somers Town are extremely _juodons to see this carried ont . Mr . Donovan spoke in favour of the motion . Mr . Brook : We ought to reserve all onr energies for the Registration . Mr . G . W . Wheeler could not _ajwe with the _preceding speaker , as the two objects need not interfere _withsach other , and we must never forget the interest of the non-electors , in the endeavour to get tome fif them into the elective body , and a National is in every way _preferabla to mere local and sectional efforts .
Mr . O'Connor : The views of Messrs . Brook and Shaw of Leeds , and Donovan and _"Nnlall of Manchester , should not be called opposition , they onlv took a _different view of the same subject , bnt they would see that the Parliament count the number of signatures every month , and therefore local petitions are sot the best mode of making our _numbsrs known . Mixing tbe two questions would only open a door for the members to creep out of , as one would say I wted for the Exiles , and not for the Charter ; -others would say , I did not uromise to vote for the Charter , only for the " Exiles , and so they would shuffle the question from one to the other , one wilt say I can't vote for the Exiles , as they have been guiltv of arson : thus confonndimr the
_alleged crimes of Ellis with Frost and the others ; on this point the speech of Mr . Robertson _wasunanswer-» ble . The last petition was a masterly production . I never ( said Mr . O'Connor ) saw that petition nntil it was in print , yet I was saddled with its authorship ; sot that I have anything to object to in it , on the contrary , I am prepared to justify it , yet I was called the author of it ; and styled in the house by Roebuck , * ' a cowardly demagogue . " 1 knew that he alluded to me , hut it was not for me to take npon myself the _character ; I went in the morning , with my friend Dr . M'Douall to the house , and asked Mr . Duncombe to wait on Mr . Roebuck , and ask if he meant Mr . Feargus O'Connor by that term , and if so , I had the
"Doctor as my friend , to request him to meet me in the morning , as I am not such a moral force man as io allow such slanders to be repeated trith impunity . Jlr , Duncombe did wait upon him , and he said he _old not mean me , he said he meant no one in particular , he mentioned no names , thus proving that he himself was the cowardly demagogue , who was afraid to justify his own w _« rds . ( Dr . M'Douall here corroborated Mr . O'Connor ' s statement . ) Some gentlemen say never mind the continent , bnt we must mind it . the importance of their support is great . lhave now shown yon why we should have a petition—why we should not mix any other matter up with it , and are prepared to rest my vote on these grounds .
Mr . Brook explained and would vote for the aiotion . Mr . M'Grath said , the adoption of this resolution would be the best means of removing prejudice from _tiie minds of many , and then the agitation would have some effect , as by introducing the petition in that _horce we shall command tbe Press , which is generally _against us , which will not report our meetings , or if it does . < -o _, puts rabid nonsense into our mouths , witness their conduct hereto us yesterday , when there was likely to be a disturbance , they could send a reporter to make our differences known , bnt when they saw that the good sense and justice of this Convention would _notsmTer one man to trample on their rights , or take np their time by irregular matter , when they saw tiie Teal business ofthe Convention about to begin , they are now not to be found . The resolution was then carried unanimously .
Mr . O'Connor then read tbe next resolution as follows , " That this Convention recommends the tChartist body to prepare petitions for _therestoraionot Frost , Waiiams , and Jones , with the view of arriving at a knowledge ofthe opinion of those Can-• didates who now have seats , and who may again » ak for support at the next general election . " Mr . O'Connor then said , a difference of opinion existed in -theexecutive , a 3 to whether it would _- be better to adopt a petition or a memorial . This is an open question with the Chartist Cabinet . He had a box full of memorials sent from different parts of the country . To present them he was willing to have
put on a court-dress , with a bag , wig , aud sword;—a moral force Chartist going to the Queen with a sword by his side ! but when he applied to Sir . J . Graham , the Minister said it was not convenient to receive him at court , so the memorials were not _presented . On this point , ihe delegates onght to consult the wishes of Mr . Frost , and he wished the _people to present sessional petitions . Mr . R . Wild proposed the adoption of this resolution , as he _conceive thev should use every means in their power to obtain the restoration of the exiles from their present bondage . Mr . Mooney _seconded the motion .
Mr . Clark , with great diffidence , rose to propose an amendment . "Fromhaving waited on a great many members ofthe House of Commons , and knowing their views , he was decidedly in fkvonr of a "National Memorial Lord John Russell in his speech told them thatthe proper course for them to pursue was to address themselves to the Government , as the proper source from whence any remission of tiie sentence _muat come * Messrs , © 'Israeli , Wakley , Dun--comhe , and in fact all those who supported the motion were of the same opinion , ana Mr . Frost was not the best judge ef Ms own cause . The Exile _Rwtoration cororaUtee had left no stone unturned to effect their object , and the members of that committee were unanimously in favour of a National memorial . He should , therefore , move as an amendment , * _* * That we recommend to the country the propriety of adopting a memorial to the _Executive Government , praying for the return of Frost , Williams , and Jones . "
Mr . Julian Harney seconded the amendment . It was not a petition , but a national memorial to the crown , which the trades got up in behalf of the Dorchester labourers . From the crown must come the remission of the sentence sought , and if a memorial did no other good , it would at least deprive the ministry of the argument , that tbey had not acted in accordance with constitutional forms , in going to the sovereign with their appeal for clemency ; if that clemency was refused another appeal to the parliament would then be advisable , to be repeated , if need be , nntil successful . Mr . Robertson conld not consent to bow the neck
toafactwn ' _agovernnient , and submit to their caprice whilst the right of petition was left . It was a _oon--stitutional right that he could not give up . Mr . Tattersall . Some were for a petition , and -some for a memorial , and as at was desirable ihat -they should be unanimous , he should propose as a _~" rider , " thatthe Convention adopt a petition , and a memorial for the restoration of the exiles . Mr . Bowden seconded the " rider , " as he wished to secure the unanimity of the Convention . Mr . T . M . Wheeler should vote for the amendment . As Secretary to the Exiles Restoration
¦ Committee , he conld speak officially , and say that they were unanimously of opinion that it was useless to petition the present parliament , and that the only feasible course waa to memorialize the Executive . "When Mr . Frost expressed his wish that his ea _^ e should be brought before parliament he was ignorant of its having so lately been before that tribunal . He and his brother committe men had waited on the -various members of parliament , and also attended the Bouse during the _discussion , and they wereconvinced that injury would be done to tbe cause of Frost by again petitioning that assembly .
;• Mr . llornby could corroborate all that Mr . Wheeler had said , and he was aware that Mr . Duncombe was -of the same opinion . Mr . Sweet had received two letters from Mr . _JFrM , and thought that attention should he paid to his wishes and feelings . Mr . Frost wished petitions to be sent every session . Mr . Nuttall would support the amendment ; itwas in accordance with his instructions , and also in _ac--ceidance with common sense . They ought to act upon the arguments used in the House of Commons , and bring tbeir case before theministers ; they should pay due deference to the opinions of Mr . Frost , but the opinion ofmen who had great practical experience should also be taken into serious consideration . No man , in his opinion , had ever heen placed in a more
awkward position than Mr . Duncombe was on the occasion of his late motion for the restoration of Frost , Williams , and Jones . Ue feared that the discussion in the House had revived and increased the prejudice of the middle classes against the exiles , they were in duty bonnd to take the best steps in tuieir power to ensure their return . Mr . Grassby should support the amendment . The men of Westminster had done aa much as any locality to promote the return of Frost and his colleagues , and were still willing to useevery exertion they _considered to be beneficial to them , but when he
considered the almost superhuman means used on the late occasion with so little effect , when he considered the unenviable position in which Mr . Duncombe was placed , he thought it doubtful whether Mr . Duncombe would again present a petition to this parliament , and he was also fearful that they would not find parties to superintend its presentation . He thought the bringing of their case by memorial before the ministry would streng then their case should Mr . _buncombe have again to press it on the attention of _Parliament . . Mr . Ernest Jones was in favour of the original otion . he considered they ought to pay deference
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to _thofeeUngs of Mr . Frost ; they were _- _petitionine for the Charter to benefit those at home ; and they ought to adopt the same measure for the benefit of those abroad . He believed that neither petition nor memorial would have the slightest effect with the government ; but a memorial was " a sort of secret document , a dead letter ; whilst by petitioning they brought theircase prominentl y before thecountry , and thereby benefitted the cause ; ministers would always say that the times and the circumstances were unfavourable to their demands , but by petitioning they would enlist the sympathy of the publicat large .
Mr . Brooks . —From some of the arguments used , it would appear that their object was not to bring back Frost and his companions , but merely to test the strength of the Chartist party , the question was were they sincere in their desire for the restoration of b rost , if so they would not care . whether it was by the agency ofthe ministry or of Parliament , but would adopt the means most conducive to that end , if they merely wanted " to test the numbers of the Chartists or their strength in Parliament , the petition for the Charter would afford them that opportunit y . The return of Frost and his companions would do more than years of agitation to forward the Chartist cause . Dr . M'Douall was of opinion that both measures could be carried out together , but he should g ive his vote iu favour of petitioning Parliament . At the
petition Convention in 1842 , they operated so on the M . l" _* s . that they got 57 to vote in favour of the measure , and only lost it by the casting vote ofthe Speaker , this was because an election was at hand , ifithad not been so , they would not have got one half the votes . He was in the lobby of the house when the motion was on , and he saw Mr . Hindley , theM . P . for Ashton , leaving to dine ; he accosted him and prevailed on him to stay , this was because he had only a majority of fifty or sixty voters and an election was near at band . Ilealso saw Mr . O'Connell going to dine , he promised to return" but failed to do so . "When an election was near members became excessively affable , you conld then get sin audience with them , they even pressed you to sit and discourse with them . He trusted that in the next Parliament they would have several Chartist Members to support them .
Mr . Donovan thought there was something strange in the present discussion . On the subject of the petition for the Charter , they had agreed to act in accordance with the advice of their parliamentary leader , but in the present case they appeared to wish to act in opposition to that advice . Mr . _Frast was not aware that an ineffectual attempt had so lately been made to influence Parliament . It had been stated that an election being at hand had induced 57 to vote for the release ofthe political prisoners , but what had become of the other GOO that had not voted In its favour , the dissolution had no effect on them , they slnnk away into their rats ' nests . There was an equal prospect of a dissolution when the late motion was made in the house as there was
it the present time , and yet it _wasys purned by them . Ifa parliamentary discussion had its advantages , it also created an amount of prejudice on the other hand . The late Government had held out a hope that at the end of ten years , they might be inclined to remit the remainder of their sentence , the present Government bidding for popular favour might be induced to do so in a shorter space of time . Mr . Shaw considered they ought to try the best means in their power to procure their return , and put ont of view any idea of merely developing Chartist strength . They had tried the Parliament before when there was an equal prospect ofa dissolution and failed , let them now try another plan . In his opinion the sentiments of Mr . Duncombe and the other members who voted with him in favour ot the motion , should be considered , and they were in favour of memorializing the Government . He trusted they wonld come to an unanimous conclnsion . Mr . Linney supported the motion .
Mr . Mirfield was satisfied that petitions were productive of benefit . If they appealed to the House of Commons , they appealed to the world , and not to that house only . Mr . Mitchell ( Stockport , ) said they ought to ask themselves this question , whether , after the manner in which they had been received on a former occasion , it was advisable to try again , and also if they could get their petition as numerously signed as the former one ; numbers who would not sign a petition again , wonld sign a memorial . It was idle to dream after reading the debates of that house , to think of obtaining anything like justice * in that , besides he thonght they should act upon the advice of their parliamentary friends .
Mr . Pilling said thw question attracted great attention in Ashton . The Government on the past occasion , said they went the wrong way to work , now the only plan was to try the Government . On the last occasion he waited on Mr . Hindley , who suggested to him the propriety of getting up a deputation of ten or twelve members of Parliament to wait on the Government . If they would make this a hustings question , they must first go io the Government , otherwise the members will say you did not attend to onr request , and you cannot expect us to attend to yours . Jl _' r . Smith was in favour of petitioning , none of the previous speakers had adverted to the fact that memorializing had been tried again and again , and with no effect , lithographedanswers being their only result , the small degree of hope which they now cherished , was brought about by presentation of . petitions and not by memorials .
Mr . Yardley . —All the members who supported Mr . Duncombe , expressed their opinion that another course should have been taken , and ifthiswasnot done , was it likely that they weuld influence others to vote in favour ofthe measure , even if Mr . Duncombe would propose it . Mr . O'Connor , in relation to the petition for the Charter , had said that it was with the greatest diffidence that he ventured to differ with Mr . Duncombe , why then did he differ on the present occasion . They had never tried a national memorial , they had only memorialized locally . He believed the men of Oldham would not readily
petition again until the other course was adopted . Many of the middle class had signed the petition , and assisted them with funds , but they also disapproved of the course taken ; if they persisted in petitioning Parliament , how could they again apply to these men Lord John Russell had said the Government was the party to whom they ought to apply . He could not again consent to place Mr . Duncombe in a false position . Mr . Marsden . —The feelings of Mr . Duncombe ought to be consulted . Individually he was opposed to either petitioning or memoralizing .
Mr . Mitchell . —The effect of an approaching- election wonld operate as powerfull y upon the Ministers ofthe crown who would be biding for popalar support as it would upon the Parliament . He was in favour of a memorial , bnt if Mr . Duncombe would present a petition he would vote in its favour , Mr . Jackson having heard the arguments advanced by those who had taken an active part in the measure for the liberation of these Exiles , and being anxious to see them restored he should vote for a memorial .
Mr . Sucksraith thought petitiouing , by causing considerable discussion , would prove most beneficial . Mr . M'Grath entirely differed from those gentlemen who thought that if Mr . Duncombe declined presenting the petition they could not get other M . P ' s- to do it ; he believed tbat out ' of the thirtythree who voted for the motion ten or twelve would be found who would think it an honour to present their petition . Mr . Duncombe might be reluctant to present the petition , but would , he believed , do so if they should press the measure . The question before them was , which would be most advantageous , petitioning or memorialising . He candidly _confessed he was in favour of memorialising and against petitioning , they had tried it more than once , and i failed , they had never tried memorialising
nationally . They could not expect petitioning to have more effect than it bad on the last occasion , they could not command greater efforts than had been then exerted , they had sent a circular address to every member of the legislature , they had procured thesignaturs often ofthe town councillors of "Newport , men of character and station , men acquainted with Mr . Frost , they had also procured the signature of all the jurymen who tried Mr . Frost whose signatures it was possible to obtain , including that of the foreman . The thirty-three members who voted with Mr . Duncombe , all agreed that petitioning was not the wisest course . The Government had held out a slight hope to them and they would feel bound to take advantage of it . He trusted they would adopt the memorial . who have
Mr . O'Connor : All the gentlemen sapported Mr . Clark , seem to have done so on the ground tbat Mr . Duncombe would present another petition , but Mr . Duncombe had seen reasons to change his views with respect to the National Petition , and he felt no hesitation in saying that he would do so with respect to a petition for Frost also ; therefore let them banish that Tiew ofthe question from their minds . They were willing to send a National Petition , becauseafavourableopportuiiity hadarrived , and should they not take advantage ofthe same favourable time for Frost , as well as the Charter ? Should they not also pay some attention to the feelings of Mr . frost himrelf ? It had been said that a man was not alwavS the best judge of his own case , tbis might be true in general , but thi 3 was no ordinary case . I rost
says he seeks anxiously in the papers to see what we are doing for him , petition and he will see it . _demoralize , and the papers will take no notice of it ; be sides they mnst recollect the elections are near , and what a man will not do when he bas seven years' lease of power , he will do when he knows his time is nearly expired . He did not recognise the policy of memoralising the Crown , when there was the House of Commons to appeal to . They had had Royal Weddings , Christenings . & c , the hulks hadbeen _searched for objects for the Royal Clemency , but no political victims had the _slightest clemency shewn to them . Tbey were told that petitioning would have ihe same effect as it had in former cases ; _this was not so , there was a difference in a measure being done in season and out of season . He denied that they had ever
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petitioned at all , because they had not petitioned at a seasonable time , at a time when the members had to meet their constituents ' y f hey were told that M . P . s who supported the motion , advised a different course ; true , they wanted the odium taken off their shoulders ' in voting for the motion . Mr . Duncombe had objected to present a petition for the Charter , because there was not a favourable opportunity . It was the same in Mr . Frost ' s case , but a favourable opportunity had now arrived , and they would not be doing their duty unless they took advantage of it . Would they reject Frost ' s appeal , his hopes and wishes ; if they only memorialized , they could have no public pageantry , no demonstration of popular feeling .
They had adopted a petition to the expiring Parliament , because they thought it would serve the people ' s cause , would it not equally servo the cause of the individual . The constituents who sent them there looked with a jealous eye upon them , they thought that enough had been done for Frost ; if they _neglected this opportunity , they would think that they were neglecting the cause of Mr . Frost . They talked of petitioning the next parliament if the memorial tailed , of what use would it be to petition a body who had a seven years grant of office . The next election would be one of great excitement , members would be anxious to conciliate the working classes , and he implored them to turn this feeling to the advantage of Mr . Frost .
Mr . Wild in reply , stated his anxiety to avoid a division . He was fearful that little advantage would ba gained by either motion . He was desirous ot * adapting the best mode to secure the exiles return ; but he believed that neither Parliament or Ministry would concede anything ; whatever advantage _way gained , would be wrung from their fears , and not from their justice and humanity . The division then took place—For Mr . Tattersall' _s" rider , " .. 2 For Mr . Clark ' s " amendment" ......... 18 For Mr . Wild ' s " motion " .:.... 13 The amendment in favour of the " memorial" was therefore adopted . Mr . Clark moved the next resolution— "That this Convention appoint a Committee to draw up an Address to the Irish People . " Mr . Nuttal seconded the motion .
Mr . Donovan had no objection to the resolution save this , that in the present peculiar position of Irish parties , he was fearful that the idea of English co-operation would be made use of by the O'Connellites , to throw odium upon the Young Ireland Party . The day would come , when Mr . Smith O'Brien and his friends would become a strong party , and then the proffer of Chartist aid would be beneficial . The day would speedily arrive , when the pure principles proclaimed in 1798 would be the rule for Irish politics . Mr . O'Connor could not see what reasons there were for Mr . Donovan ' s objection _^ as Mr . O'Connell was no longer able to place a principle in donbt , and
it is with principle the Convention had to deal , and not with the views of any man . . Now was the time to issue the address , another convention would not assemble for twelve months . Mr . Donovan must know tbat , on all former occasions , the press of Ire * land was with Mr . O'Connell , but now the young Ireland party are determined to have a pressof their own , and Itwas the duty of every democrat to assist and render them all the aid in their power . He considered it an imperative duty to issue this address to the people of Ireland ! Mr . Wheeler fully agreed with the views of Mr . Donovan .. ¦
Dr . M'Douall took the same view of the subject . Mr . Robertson thought tbat it had better be deferred . Mr , M'Grath thought it undesirable to delay the address , its object being to lay the principles of the Chartist party before the Irish public . He believed a portion ofthe Irish press was now open to them , this had never previously been the case . He should vote in favour of the motion , and thonght that the conduct of Mr . O'Connell or his policy had nothing to do with the motion before them . Mr . Smith thought delays were dangerous , not an hour should be lost in placing their principles before the Irish nation , if they could not make an impression upon the Irish nation , they could upon the Irish in England , who were already favourable to them ; upwards of 50 Irish Repealers were members ofthe Land Fund at Bradford .
Mr . Marsden thought it folly to obtrude __ their assistance upon the Irish people , they had , in his opinion , already degraded themselves by servilely courting the sympathy of the Irish people . Mr . Julian Harney nearly concurred with the views expressed by Mr . Marsden . For bis part he was sick of appealing to the people of Ireland ; still he thought an address which should set forth the real principles of Chartism , in reply to Mr . O'Connell ' s calumnies , would be well timed and advisable . He cautioned the delegates against supposing that the Young Ireland party would be likely to join the Eng lish democrats . Smith O'Brien and his friends were no advocates of democratic princi ples , all they wanted was an Irish middle class supremacy dignified by a national flag ; as regarded the mass ofthe Irish people , the Young Irelanders no more desired to invest them with democratic franchise than did O'Connell and his partisans .
Mr . Wild , if they had previously offered their assistance , and been _refused , that was no reason why they should neelect so favourable an opportunity as the present . They could get the address read in Ire . land , which was the great object of the Convention . The resolution was then put and carried . Mr . O'Connor proposed , and Mr . Clarke seconded , the following delegates as a committee to draw up the address , " Dr . M'Donal , Mr . Ernest Jones , and Mr . Donovan . " Carried . Mr . O'Connor then brought forward the _following resolution , " That the Convention recommend the _appointment ofa large _Metropolitan Central Committee , to act in conjunction with District Committees to be appointed throughout the Empire , for the
purpose of making electioneering arrangements , and for the purpose of holding a grand National Demonstration upon the presentation of the National Petition , and also to make arrangements for entertaining T . S . Duncombe , and the other M . P ' s . who are favourable to our cause , at a grand National Banquet , to be held on the occasion ofthe presentation of the petition to parliament . " Mr . O'Connor said , the committee should take cognisance of all electioneering movements , they would correspond with all the various localities , and recommend to them the most suitable candidates , they of course to be approved of by the local bodies . The local committee , themselves , must nominate
candidates , where there is no chance of getting them returned , but merely b y the showjof hands . The local committee must also see to parochial affairs , and then if the magistrates do as the Mayor of Leeds had done , refuse them the use of the public places , they would soon _haye the remedy in their own hands , Mr . Clark proposed tbe adoption of the resolution . Dr . M'Douall seconded the motion . Mr . Julian Harney considered it very necessary that a list of candidates for the next election should be published as soon as possible , both candidates that would go to the poll and those who would merely stand the hustings contest . The publication of such a list was necessary to inspire the people with confidence that this resolution would be carried
out-Mr . O'Connor said the general and local Committees would ofcoui-se prepare and publish the list of Chartist candidates . The resolution was then put and carried unanimously . Mr . O'Connor . —The duty of tbe executive , as far as to bringing forward suggestions , is nearly ended , it will be well now to appoint a committee of seven , to receive the suggestions or instructions of the delegates relative to any amendments in the plan ol organization . Mr . J . Mitchell seconded the motion . Agreed to . On the motion of Mr . Harney , the following delegates were appointed . Messrs . Nuttall , Sweet , Smith , Brooke , Wild , Yardly , and Clark . Mr . Clark then read the draught of the petition for the Charter , and moved thatit be referred to a committee of three for revision . Motion carried .
Messrs . Harney , Marsden , and Robertson was appointed the committee . The Convention then adjourned . Wbd . _nesdat . —The Roll was called and the minutes read and confirmed . Mr . Wheeler as Secretary , _brousht forward the accounts of the Exiles Restoration Committee , and read an address from a sub-committee appointed by the body . By the accounts it appeared that the Committee held a balance of is . 2 _* _j d . Tbe accounts were then passed , and the executive again appointed as the Committee with the addition of one member from each Metropolitan Locality , Mr . Mirfield moved the following resolution . 11 That this Convention recommend the Chartist
Executive Committee , to call upon every Chartist Locality throughout the empire , to make a subscription for the benefit of Zephaniah Williams and William Jones , the companions of John Frost , that those two patriots may be placed in a position to employ themselves in th ? land of their exile , the subscription to be kept open for twelvemonths . " He well knew b y experience that having the means to ensure bodily comfort was one great means of soothing the mind and alleviating the _hardships inseparable from a state of captivity . Justice and honour demanded this at their hands on behalf ol these men , Mr . Pilling seconded the motion , if they did not do this even in Chartism there would be one method ol treatment for the poor and another for the rich . § Mr . Linney supported the motion , which was car ried unanimously .
Mr . G . Wheeler moved , and Mr . Linney seconded , that Mr . O'Connor be Treasurer to the Committee . Mr . Hornby had received instructions to bring the case of William S . Ellis before the Convention , and would therefore move "That this Convention recommend the * Exiles' Restoration Committee / to take his case into their immediate _considoratir-a . _' _* Mr . Grassby seconded the motion—carried . The Secretary _broufht forward the account _tf the
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_SutSnS Mr ° rvPn _„„ _-fe-porfcreceived . * - ¦ - _* " -,. ¦ - _" _= _ffeftMS 5 der , n _. While _?„ thi 8 subject , it will be 3 _dSltt if TT ° - WiiHanw * nd Jones , they _IlStoMr hW _^ i _' it . _* _committee _had-VoteS aware _£ ' the _™ _* ,, ? d thia _% _? did before they were _rrnraS _* _vnrih _? ntry WOuldres P ond insuch a noble £ m h _?« wnS _\ ttan , _*? el' *•"•»»» _oallmade . lie a * }} \ ! we ] 1 if that sum was to be _re-IZtnVJd t B \ , tr _^» red to Williams and Jones , to An ' Fir , L _£ "Mill the country shall have »« _Wr them as _»!»¦ ' « their fellow _UAiie , anu send them some monev to buy them tools to assist them . / Ihe delegates must remember that now a free trade Government was in power , Free irade laws andvtreatment mieht , be _exoected . and
consequently there would be need ofa Victim Fund . He would relate a fact that occurred at Ashton , a few days ago . Eleven little bays ' , thirteen years of nge each , left their work , for a half-day _' a holiday , and went _{ to _Staleybrid ge Races ; -they had a Free Trade master , and he took them before a Free Trade magistrate , who committed them to Brixton for a week ; and this is the sort of treatment that might be looked for from the party now in power . He would ad vise the delegates to take this home to their constituents , and recommend them to employ the present favourable time to provide against any emergency . _ftat might arise . A discussion then ensued respectingthe sum now due from the Treasurer to the late Manchester committee .
Mr . Pilling moved that three auditors be appointed to examine the accounts of Mr . O'Connor , as treasurer to the Victim Fund ever since its commencement . Mr . Briggs seconded the motion . Mr . Wheeler moved that Messrs . Cuffay , Knight , and Dron be auditors . Seconded by Mr . Moonev , and carried . The - 'Irish Address Committee" having reported through Mr . Ernest Jones , Mr . Grassby moved , and Mr . Hornby seconded _^ the adoption of the Address—carried unanimously ' . . Mr . Donovan moved and Dr . M'Douall seconded , that copies ofthe address lie sent to the Northern Star Bought Jerrold ' s , Nation , and Freeman ' s Journal newspapers . —Carried . Mr . Bowden moved " That copies of the address be printed for the use of the localities to placard on the walls , dse . " . ' . _''"
Mr . O'Connor moved an amendment ** That the subject be left to the discretion of the localities . "Amendment carried . Mr . Grassby moved and Mr Hornby seconded , that the National Victim'Committee ' ., be amalgamated with the Exiles Victim Committee . —Carried .. Mr . Wheeler moved and Mr . Grassby seconded , " That the Aged . Patriots , and Widows and Orphans' Fend be amalgamated with the Exiles' Restoration Committee . "—Carried .
WSBSBSDAY _AFIHRHOOH . Mr . Wheeler moved " That the Petition Committee do report . "—Carried . Mr . Julian Ilarney then read the second or revised copy of the petition as agreed to by the Committee . On the motion of Mr . Wheeler , the petition , as originally prepared , was read . Mr ; O'Connor moved the adoption of the original petition with an addition from the revised
copy . Mr . Clark seconded the motion . Mr . Julian Harney moved as an amendment , " That the original copy be taken as the groundwork of thepetition , and subjected to discussion for amendment , clause by clause " - ; -Amendment agreedto . In the course of the discussion which ensued , some ofthe clauses of the original petition were expunged , and clauses from the revised petition substituted . Finally , the petition , as amended , was unanimously adopted . ..... _- . _-
Mr . Brook then brought forward the revised plan of _organization , and moved the omission of the word " constitutional" from the " objects" of the rules ; carried ; the words " undergoing sentence '' were added to one clause ofthe paragraph under the head of " principles . " Mr . Brook then moved the following as an amendment to rule 1 st . All persons acquiescing in the objects of this association shall be eligible to become members by payment of one shilling annually to the general fund , for which they shall receive a card and a copy ofthe rules , such sum to be paid by instalments or otherwise , but in no case shall any member be
allowed to vote in the business of the association until the sum of one shilling shall be paid . , Mr . Jackson moved , and Mr . Mitchell , of Stockport , seconded , '' Thatthe rule stand as at present . " Mr . Clark was strongly in favour of Mr . Brook's motion , the localities had neglected to abide by the rules , they had been broken in every _instence , as far as payment of subscription was concerned . The Repealers were not deterred by poverty from acting upon the plan now advocated . Mr .. Robertson thought that the present system would ? act well if the executive would regularly publish a list of the places hot contributing their monies in accordance with the rules .
Mr . Mooney trusted that Mr . Clark did not mean to insinuate that the localities retained the executive funds in their possession ' ; itwas not the case , it was owingtotbe apathy ofthe members that the subscriptions had fallen off . Mr . Briggs felt inclined to support the rule as it at present stood , bat should listen to the arguments of the ensuing speakers . ' Mr . Wild , as one ofthe committee , would give his reasons for voting for the revolution . In times of excitement members joined them , they entered into expenses upon the faith of these members , but in many cases they never paid again to the society . He believed they would raise more funds by the proposed
method , and thus be enabled to support their officers instead of abandoning thein as at present . Mr , O'Connor thought tbat the resolution would be found injurious to the working of the Society ; he feared that it would create an aristocracy in Chartism . It gave all the advantages to the members who paid down their shillings at once , Under this system the middle-class might swamp the association , for thc purpose of changing the Executive , or turning the association to other than Chartist purposes . He was convinced that the Executive would get less money under the projected system than even they got at present .
Mr . Tattersall had been in the movement ever since 1839 , and he knew the state of most of the localities in Lancashire , and knew that the men there could not pay the ls . Mr . Nuttall : The Committee had no idea of creating an aristocracy in the society ; Manchester had done its duty , it bad sent as much to the Executive as any society , and yet it had not sent its fair quota , and could not under the present system . He maintained that at present there was no Executive ; the present body could not be considered as such , as they are paid by the Land Society , and are giving their services to the Chartist Associations gratuitously . Dr . M'Douall was opposed to all property qualifications , and the proposed rule looked like a property
qualification . He should be inclined to support the proposed rule , provided its disfranchising principle was abandoned . Mr . Julian Harney 9 aid he was the first who proposed this regulation at a Conference of Chartist delegates three years ago , when he had but one supporter . He was convinced the princi p le was a sound one , and would ultimately be adopted . The present system was a thorough failure . That had been admitted by the opponents as well the supporters of Mr . Brook ' s motion , The idea that under the proposed regulation the middle class would or could swamp the Chartists , was absurd . Supposing the possibility of such a danger , there was virtue sufficient in the poorest of the Chartists to prevent it , as by their sacrifices they had olten shown . He denied that the suggested rule involved a property
qualification . It was a Radical principle , tbat taxation and representation should be co-extensive ; but no man expected , under any form of government , or in any slate of societ y , to be invested with the rights , and at the same time released from the duties , of citizenship . The same rule applied to their society ; the man who had not paid his contribution had no right to yote away the contributions of others . Much harm had been done by always telling the people that they were too poor " to do their duty . That was tho way to make them neglect thoir duty . Under the present system there was no money either for the support ol * the Executive or lecturers . The opponents of Mr . _Brook ' s motion should propose something , better or else _giye the system suggested a fair trial .
Mr . O'Connor explained . Mr . Grassby . —You have agreed to endeavour to extend the movement . Now , how ia this to be done unless you adopt the means ? It is said that the people are too poor to pay . He maintained that any man who bought a pint of beer could not make that excuse . Mr . Pilling was in favour of thc rule as it _stjod at present . If they wanted lectures they could always lay on a levy of 6 d ., and there would be no difficulty in getting it . Mr . _LissBr waa opposed to the suggested alterations of the rule ; the people could not , and would not , pay the shilling .
Mr . Donovan , If you hire men , yon must pay them , or you are acting a _rogueish part , yet that was the way in which they acted towards the Executive body . They had never abided by the rules , they had no right to consider themselves members ofthe body unless they contributed towards its funds . He was decidedly in favour of Mr . Brook ' s resolution . In Manchester they _dbl not allow a man to vote on any pecuniary matter unless he was a paid-up member . Mr . T . M . _Wiibkikk was strongly in favour of the resolution _proposed by the Committee , he had moved it in previous Conventions . They had tried the old system , and found it did not work well . When members paid the Is . _atentrance they would not desert the association through falling into arrears . It would he cheaper to the members , if tkey would place a fund at the command ofthe members , and save
The Sittings Of This Body Commenced On M...
the body from - continually being troubled with Levies , Missionary 'Funds , « fcc ' ., " as had previously been the case . They were in duty bound either to reduce their expenditure or raise funds sufficient to cover it , if they could not support an Executive , they should disband thera . Theresolution _^ could be wordedso as not to disfranchiee any member . Mr . Sh aw had previously voted against the measure , but Mr . Pilling ' s arguments against the motion had convinced him in its favour . Mr . Pilling had stated that the members in liis locality were'unwilling to pay the Is . entrance money , but when a 6 d . Levy was demanded , they immediately paid it , * f . at made him believe that if the _subject was fairly laid before them , they would assist in carrying it out ;
i \ " n - » T _Otow > y- dereliction of principle . i _^ i v y - _- -r , -e decision upon this question involved the very existence of the Society , if the Executive could not be supported . He feared that the Association would soon cease to exist but he questioned the propriety of this alteration , they had heavy local expenses to bear , such as rent of Hall gas , papers , die . ' Mr . Mitchell . —The men of Rochdale hnd always done their duty , and he believed they would always do so . If the motion was carried , he feared it would entirely break up the Locality . The Executive hnd done their duty , but lie feared this resolution would uot prove beneficial . Mr . Mirfield was opposed to the resolution , his constituents would not be able to pay the shilling .
Mr . Smith should vote in favour ofthe motion , although he was opposed to the disfranchisement of any of the members for non-payment-Mr . Yardly believed that if they could pay Cd . for a levy , they could pay ls . annually . How could they expect the Executive to ' open new localities or extend the Association if they do not furnish them with the means . He had always found the greatest difficulty not to be in _getting funds , but in getting collectors , the old system had in his opinion failed . Mr . Marsden . —He could not reconcile it to his conscience to vote for the motion , his constituent were opposed to it , when a similar proposition had been previousl y introduced , they treated it with ¦ ¦ ¦¦ ¦¦ ¦ ¦
_scorns- ' - •• : i : ' ' ¦ _- ¦ ' ¦ - Mr . E . Jones . —He was opposed to the motion . Although he was a delegate least acquainted'with their local business , yet from what he had gathered , he was tearful that it would curtail the funds flowing to the localities , and thus injure the Association , there was tbe registration and other fund * to be borne by the localities . ' , - . Mr . Barker was opposed to the motion , he believed its tendency would be to prevent members from joining the Association The motion was then put , when the numbers were 15 for the original motion , and 1 G for the
amendment . The Committee ' s proposition to alter the rule was therefore lost , and the rule remains as hitherto . ¦ " _-... _- _^ A . motion was unanimously adopted permitting Messrs , O'Connor and Harney , to retire from the Convention , they being compelled to return to" London this evening . J J A vote of thanks to Mr . O'Connor for his defence of Chartism at the Nottingham Election , and his services generall y in the cause of liberty was passed byaecla _' mation ; . After the discussion of some financial matters , relative to the salary ot * delegates , and the payment of travelling expenses , the Convention adjourned ,
Thursday Morning . —Boll called , minutes read and confirmed . Mr . Nuttall moved , and Mr . Briggs seconded , "Thatthe portion of Rule 1 , charging 31 . for card and rules , be rescinded , and that the price be 2 d . — The motion was lost . Rules 2 and 3 were then passed . Rule 4—Mr . Nuttall moved , " That the portion ofthe rule enforcing the election of the Executive by the members should be chahged , and that they
should be elected by the Convention . " The Executive were only the dispensers of the laws , and not authorised to make them except in cases of emergency . The measure was equally as democratic , and would save any appearance of faction . They all knew the evils arising from the opposite course . Mr . Sweet seconded the resolution . Mr . Grassby thought that the Convention was the best judge of the merits of tho men and their capabilities for office ; _thought the motion , if carried , would injure the association .
Mr . Yardley would vote for the election by the Convention . Mr . T . M . Wheeler . —In London a strong feeling existed upon this subject , * when a similar _resolution was carried in 1843 several localities left the association and much dissatisfaction was expressed , The measure might answer if each district could be fairly represented at a Convention , but they had known Conventions , both in London and other places , where this bad not been the case . Members of the Convention were elected by the public , and they might have a Convention in which ihe majority were opposed to the National Charter Association , whose officers they were called upon to elect . Mr . Smith would vote , for the resolution . In Bradford there had been fraud on former occasions by some parties , under the present system , in order to return their friends . Mr . Linney would support th : rule as it stood .
Mr . Clark was sorry to hear that in any district fraud had been practiced , he had never before heard this complaint , and believed that in no other district had such a thing happened . Mr . Pilling was in favour of the motion ; he was instructed to vote for the present members of th _« Executive . Mr . E . Jones doubled the propriety of adopting this motion , as it would give offence to some localities . Mr , Jackson w as in favour of the rule as it stood . Mr . Mitchell would support the amendment . Mr . Donovan . —Were they to have two bodies to govern , and only one governing _budy ? If so , the question as to the election was all a farce , for if they were elected by one body in December for twelve months , and then in April , elected again , when they had been in office only six months , what would that be but a farce ?
Mr . Wheeler explained that nothing of the kind was intended . Mr . Mirfield was of opinion that every member ol the Association should vote . Mr . Hornby said his constituents considered this motion anti-democratic . Mr . G . W . Wheeler . —If they altered the rule , those localities that were too small to send delegate ? , would be disfranchised . Mr . Mooney . —Those places not represented would be injured by the proposed regulation . Mr . Bawden , —If the Convention elect the Executive _, they must expect to pay them , and not expect the country to do so . Mr . Nuttall replied , and explained why Manchester did not vote on the last occasion for the Executive .
Mr . M'Grath differed from those gentlemen who thought the proposed rule would be anti-democratic If the Convention could make the laws to govern the asaociation surely tliey had the power to appoint officers to carry out those laws ; but at the same time he thought that the plan as laid down in thc rules , presented the broadest features of democracy . The motion was tlun put and lost , there being seven votes for it , and twenty-three against it . Mr . Donovan moved that the votes be recorded . Seconded by Mr . Mooney . —Carried .
Fon inn Elkction uy tiik Memmuis . Robert Wild , Mottram ; Philip M'Grath , Tower Hamlets ; John Hornby , Marylebone , * Frank Mirfield , Barnsley ; Thomas Clark , Glasgow ; James Mooney , Todmorden and _Ilelxtenbridgo ; Thomas Tattersall , Burnley , * John Barker , Northampton ; James Stead , llolbeck ; Thomas Brigs > s , Sheffield and Rotherham ; John Shaw , Leeds ; William Brook , Leeds ; ThomasM . Wheeler , _l _^ _eicester ; Frederick W . Suck-smith , Dewsbury , * George W , Wheeler , Norwich and Reading ; Ernest Jones , Limehouse ; Edwin Robertson , Plymouth ; James Bawden , Halifax ; William Jackson , Bradford ; Edward Mitchell . Rochdale : James Mitchell , Stockport ; Joseph Linney , Birmingham _» and South Staffordshire ; P . M'Donal , Greenwich ; Richard Marsden , Preston ; William M'Lean , Liverpool .
Fob thb Elkctios by thk _Cosvehtion . John Smith , Bradford ; John Nuttall , Manchester ; Daniel Donovan , Manchester * , James Sweet , Nottingham ; Samuel Yardley , Oldham ; James Grassby , Westminster * . Richard Pilling , Ashton . _[ G . Julian Ilarney , Newcastle-upon-Tyne , ab . ' _C-nt by leave ofthe Convention . ] NATIONAL PETITION FOR THE
ENACTMENT OF 'CUE , PEOPLE'S CHARTER
TO THE HONOURABLE THE COMMONS OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND IN PAR . LlAMENT ASSEMBLED . We , the undersigned inhabitants of the British Isles and subjects of tho British _Orosvn _, thus avail ourselves of the constitutional privilege of submitting tlie consideration of our political rights and wrongs to your Honourable House , in the hope that they will receive from you that _degw-e of attention which the importance of the one and the oppressiveness of the other demand from the guardians of the civil , social , and religious rights of the people . Your petitioners declare that the groat end of all Governmental _iasiitntions _shonSil be the protection of life , the security of property , the promotion ol education and morality , and the diffusion of happiness among all ckisses ,
That your petitioners consider tlie only legitimate basis of an equitable Government is the expression of the mind of thc whole male adult population through the untrammelled agency of the franchise _. That your petitioners regard the representation in . Parliament of every man of sound mind as a right compatible with , and sustained by , tho laws of nature and of God , and that man ' s privation by his fellow-creature of such right is an act which , if tolerated , evidences the existence of tyranny and injus-
The Sittings Of This Body Commenced On M...
tice upon tlie one hand , and servility and _dej-rada tion upon the other . ' - ' . That your , petitioners regard the Reform Bill a » unjust , aslit restricts theright of citiKthship to oriel seventh of the' male adnlt community , and stamps inferiorit s , x ' *' ' _?! - with the !» . _*¦«»»> of'political ' That the system ' which yonr petitioners arraign _SS'LSn _J" _^ _" " _* _« f J *" 'Honourable _Honse renders seven men subservient to the will , caprice , and dominance of one ' . That it not only es . _sblishes the ascendancy _^ f . a _. amall minority of the empire , but it invests a minority of the small enfranchised fraction with the power of returning a majority of your Honourable Ilouse . , . ¦ . '
That your petitioners have never yet heard avnlid reason urged for maintaining the present representative system , and that the argument ' s " pleaded against the admission of the people to- the immaiiities whieh the social contract should guarantee ; are based upon class selfishness , ' prejudices-, and contracted views of humanity . That your petitioners hold the elective franchiser not to be a trust , as has been absurdly represented , but a right inherent in every mnn for t ie preservation of his person , liberty , and property , which 1 is to
be exercised to tlie best of the possessor ' s judgment , withoutjet or hindrance from liis neighbour . That your petitioners , believing the principle of universal suffrage to be based upon those eternal rights of man wliich , although hitherto keptin abey--ance , can be neither alienated nor destroyed , appeal to your _^ Honourable House to make such organicreforms in our representative _svstem as- will makethat principle the foundation upon'which shall stand * the Commons * House of Parliament of Great Bri _* tain . ¦¦ _- ¦ ¦• _¦¦¦ . ¦
Ihat _yaur petitioners , in order that the elector may possess perfect security in thc exercise of his franchise , pray that the voting at elections for members of Parliament be taken by ballot . Your petitioners , aware of the great coercive and corruptive power possessed by wealth and station over tlie ' poor elector , see no-hope of seeuring- purity of electnon and genuineness of representation but in throwing- ' the protective maulle of the ballot over the electoral body . :.- ' -.- ¦ -. ¦ _-. . ;> .. / .. ¦ _.-v ; . - . „•• . . t That your petitioners regard the present inequa _^ lity of _representation to be opposed to commrn ser . s «* and inimical to a genuine representation of the peo _^ pie . They therefore appeal to your Honourable House to remedy this de _' ect in the legislative machinery by the division of- the country into equal electoral districts , assigning to - each district ono representative . ¦ _• ¦ '!
That your petitioners hold the Legislature , equally with the Executive , to be the servants of-the people , and consequently entitled to remuneration at _tlicjmblic expense ; and , believing thatthe House of Commons should be the minister and- not the master of the people , call upon you to establish their just relative positions by fixing an equitable salarv for the services of its members . ' That your petitioners consider Septennial Parliaments unjust , as they prevent for six years out of seven those who are annually arriving at maturity from exercising the right of suffrage . Your petitioners also consider that seven years is too long a term for the existence ofa Parliament ; a period that affords an opportunity to venal and time-serving men to promote their selfish interests at the expense of those whose welfare should be the ultimate aim of all their labours . Your petitioners ,
therefore , entreat your Honourable Ilouse to create between the representative and the represented that salutary _responsibility indispensable to good government , by the restoration of the ancient wholesome practice of Annual Parliaments . J _^ Thiit your petitioners complain that a seat in the Commons' Ilouse of Parliament should be contingent upon the possession of propertv of any description , as they have yet to learn that le » isiative talent is the exclusive prerogative of any order of men ; and , therefore , pray for the abolition of what is termed the Property Qualification . That your petitioners respectfully direct your attention to the document entitled " The People ' s Charter , " which embodies the principles and details for securing the full and equitable representation of the male adult population , wliich document they earnestly pray your Honourable House to forthwith enact as the law of the realm .
Should the members of your Honourable House entertain any doubts as to the _justice of cur demands , your petitioners humbl y entreat to be heard at the bar of your Honourable House by counsel or agents , in support of those claims . And yonr petitioners , < fec .
Must 8,''1846wa Thm Myrtllernnslwavhv ' ...
MUST 8 _, ' ' 1846 _WA THm myRTllERNnSlWAVHV ' - . -WW .. ¦ ' _-, _*
Address Of The Chartists Of England To T...
ADDRESS OF THE CHARTISTS OF ENGLAND TO THE IRISH PEOPLE . _Fiuends ! — The present governmental crisis having * sailed the _energies of either people into action , tbe _English Chartists think it their duty to address a few words of exhortation and fellowship to the Irish people , hut , in so doing , muRt distinctly repudiate the unfounded assertions of Mr . Daniel O'Connell , that _violence and anarchy are ; component purls of tbe _Chartist character . Tha Chartists of England , friends ! are a constitutional body , combined for the purpose of carrying a constitutional Reform , They believe that the Tich and the poOT , being of tha same species are under the _8-inii- laws of nature , and being alike cnpable of benefit or injury from their legislators , necessarily hare , in the election of these legislators , the same right ; but that the rich , in defence of their rights and property , have every advantiitte , which wealth and
the purchased powers of others afford them , while the poor , destitute of these , havo no security but in the purity of legislation , nor any means of self-defence , but is ths possession of their share of the electire power . They hold , then , that the _joor have » n . _equal ri _^ ht , l > u 4 with more need than the rich , . to elect representatives ; and that it is , therefore , right and jnst , that every male inhabitant of Great Britain and Ireland ( infants , _insano persons and criminals only excepted ) , shall full y , fairly , and fruely enjoy the elective franchise , that is to say —• Universal Suffrage ; that in order to proteet tke poor elector _against tyranny , the voting shall be by ballot ; that Ihe Parliaments ehal ) be animal - that the _property qualification shall be abolished ; tbat the whole empire shall be divided into equal electoral districts ; aad that the representatives ofthe people shall be paid .
We exhort you not to deviate from those principles for which you yourselves so _glorioaslo * contended in 1738 ;* we exhort you , friends , to straggle for their victory , by the same means which are ensuring us success : — By creating a pnblic opinion in favour of those principles _through the medium of public meetings , petitions to Parliament , _discussions , lectures , cheap _paAilicutions , nnd the newspaper press ; as well as the formation of election committees , to secure the election aas ! return of members to Parliament , muuicip « l office _» s _> and other locsl functionaries . Wo further exhort jou , friends I since eo-operation strengthens the hands oflabour , and has . _en * blcd us to make a stand against the power of _monopelg , to increase the bond of fellowship between yourselves- _nad us , as the only ineans by which you can speedily ob & aia a Repeal of the legislative union _.
This spirit of fraternity has already caused us to petition Parliament to the number of 3 . 00 _^ _90 ft for a RvpeaL of the union , and subsequently to tha number 330 , 009-agalnst the Irish Coercion bill—facts which thu _design .. ii ! _£ silence of artful men has k pt irom . the knowledge o £ i the Irish people . We call on you to rally against the " Whig government _^ , now in p -wer _, _{•« one _snbrersiye or' _yous- interests—and * to guard yourselves especially _againaayour most _daiigsr- _, ous enemies , the men who have pUdged themselves t » . its support , by accepting of _patronajjBrat its hands . On these grounds wc address _yoaira a _fi-at-jroai _sjlrlr , and with the moat sincere _desisa to _se-: your country elevated iu the scale of nations _; to . have justice done to Ireland and to extend to her all _Sbose social , religious , educational aud _political _uentfiosv which a free and intelligent legislature ought , and , ia tha event of thu _ZJuopIu ' _a Charter being inado the law of _vbss * United Kingdoms , shall , give to all the people «& _lix-Ae realms , tviUaout dis _^ . _tiaction of class , country or weed .
Robert Wild " ilotlram John Smith Bradford Philip M'Grath Tower Ham _' e . _' a John HornVy _JlarylebiMie John _Nuttadt Manchester . - Daniel lloaovan Ditto Frank Niifield _i _' _mnsley _George Julian Harney , Neweusift . _upoii-TiW ! and _Gntuheuu . Thomas Clark G lasguw _Janwi Mooney Kiduttti'deu and . _HtbdeUk _iSriihj _-w TUoaias TattersaH Biinley Jo 4 . n Barker Northampton . Jauies Sweet _"Tioltiii _^ b .-iiu James Stead _llolbttk Ihoinas _Brings . Shi-meld
Samuel _Yat'dley Oldham William Brook Leeds John Sliaw l ) ltii > Thomus M . Wheeler Leicester F . W . Sucksmith Dcwsimvy G ewge "W \ Wheeler Heading and Norwich _EiMient Jones Lin . _'ehou _» e . James Grassby Westminster Kilwtn Robertson Pi _\ mouth James Bowden Ha'il ' ax William Jackson Bradford Edward * M ' _iobeU Kochdale James Mitchell Slorlsport Joseph Linney 'iirmingbam P . M . M'Douall _Gi'iTii'vich Richard Marsden 1-reaton Richard Pilling _Ashton-under-Lyne William M'Lean ' Liverpool > ' * Yido Moore * ,- Life of Lord E . livard Fitzgerald .
Wkst Hidim J)Bwsomb M«K«Xo. T ] His Meet...
Wkst _Hidim J ) bwsomb M « K « xo . ] his meeting will he held on Sunday , Augus _ti _torh , in tho Working Man s Hall , Bull Close Lane , _Ualilax . _Pro . _'ceO in _^ to coinracnco at twelve o ' clock at noon . _,
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Aug. 8, 1846, page 5, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_08081846/page/5/
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