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still brutal and horrif September 8, 184...
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&*9 .TO'tTSpOHrWUS? *
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Mr. Ru , **** , Churchill.—The charge is...
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IHE I0RTIIEI STAB. SA'£X T 3EE>AY, SEPTS53IBESS S, ASM.
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THE HARVEST AND OUR FUTURE PROSPECTS. An...
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THE CHOLERA. The second visit oftho Chol...
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HEGEiPTS OF THE KATIQRAL UHfl GOKPAHYFca...
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EXECUTIVE FUND. Wci't-ived " by i". Kydd...
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KOT1CE. The Utiles of t!;e L-iml awl Bui...
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Im-: Amexdkd Couxty Coi-uts Act.—On .Sat...
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Still Brutal And Horrif September 8, 184...
September 8 , 1849 . 4 THE NORTHERN STAR . _. — ~ =
Ad00410
_JOST _l'CBtfSilED , _l'ftlCfi Id . ( _G- nifona wirti tlie Liverpool Tracts ! D _° _LE XATI 0 N - _FASCIAL •* - ' REFOUM , AXD TUB SUFFRAGE ; A Letter addressed to all Reformers . ' B * £ _SmtoEL KYI )** . . JtS _^' ' _^¦ _^ - rateroo .--tc .-r 3 w- Sold by _ney-2 && _SS _& blKPberd » _""*¦** * - * _- _** _Lceas -
Ad00411
T 1 ST OF BOOKS _AXD SHEETS - * - * xow _ru 3 _Lis-n--G bt B . D . COUSINS , HELMET COURT , 337 i , STRAND , _LOXDON , ( Late of Duke-street , Lincoln's Inn . ) SPLENDID BROADSHEETS AT OXE PENNY EACH ; "BY TOST , THREEPENCE . 1 . Engknd at One View ; bein _^ a Statistical Account of tlie Population of earfi County , the state of Agriculture , Manufetctures , _Ilktiuwes of _i-acli Covm-. y To- . ™ from London , ¦ n umber of Square Acres . Ac .
Ad00412
SOW IX THE COURSE OF PUBLICATION In Numbers at Three Pence each . liluslrated by appropriate Engravings , executed by Artists of the first Celebrity . THE PROGRESS OF CRIME OK , THE AUTnENTlC UBMOIRS OF MARIE MANNING , THE FEMALE ASSASSIN . ¦ _DESCEnT-tVE OF TnE -EXTBAOBDI . _VART SCESES OF HEB XVESTFni , UFE , _FIlOM 1 IEB EARLIEST TOUra TO THE PEEI 0 D OF TIIE ATB 0 CI 0 U 8 _uuaDEB of * _an . o ' conkob . Br ROBERT HUISIf _, Esq . Author of the " Memoirs of the Princess Charlotte , " " George line Fourth , " translator of _"Li-maT-line ' 2 Vac « fe in thc Holy Land , " " Maria _Jfurtia , " & e . Strange , Paternoster-vow ; Yickers , Holy well-street ; and all booksellers in town and country .
Ad00413
TnE _CEEATEST _EDIXIOS EVHl rCBLlSUED . Price ls . Cd ., A new and elegant edition , with Steel Plate of tlie Author , of _PAIHE'S POLITICAL WOflKS . Now Ready , a New Edition of ¦ Mr . O'CONNOR'S WORK ON SMALL FARMS . SoldbvJ . Watson , Queen's Head Passage , Paternoster row , London ; A . Heywood , Oldham-strcet , Manchcsterr and Love and Co ., 5 , Nelson-street , Glasgow . And bv all Booksellers in Town and Country .
Ad00414
_IMPORTANT NOTICE TO TRADE SOCIETIES . A CONFERENCE OF DELEGATES , XX to he appointed hy the Metropolitan Trades' Societies , will be held at the Craves Head , DnuRr Lane , on _Wednes-DA- * Evening , _NovEMiirn Ith , 1310 , to consider upon the best means to be adopted to ameliorate the Social and Political Condition ofthe People . Also for the purpose of considering on the most profitable , way of giving \ ivoductive employment to the unemployed of our population , and to receive a proposition upon that subject . Chair to be taken at half-past Seven o ' clock precisely . No person will bc admitted _mflioutcredeutialsdulycertified by the officers of his Society . By order of the Committee ofthe National Association " for the Organisation of Trades . Awked A . Waltos , President . _Acccstcs E . Delaforce , Secretary . 10 , North-square , Portuiau-placc , Globe-road , Mile End . Committee Room , Craven Head , Drury-lane . Aug . 3 ( lth , 1849 . N . B . —All expenses will be paid by the Association convening this Conference .
Ad00415
TO BE SOLD ATO'COXXORYILLE , A FIRST-RATE FOUR-ACRE FARM , ii . with a large and excellent tiled barn , an enclosed yard , cowhouse , stable , hen house , rabbit house , and a range of well-built pig-sties ; the house has been new painted and papered , and a dairy built adjoining to it . The land is in go <* d condition , has been well-drained , aud presents an opportunity to persons of small capitkl _, seldom to be met with ; the proprietor is removing to a farm on the same location , which constitutes his enly reason for selling the above . For particulars , apply to Joseph Wheeler , 3 , O'Connorville , near llickmansworth , Herts . All letters must contain a postage stamp for reply .
Ad00416
RUPTURES PERMANENTLY CURED _VflTHOl-r A TRUSS . ' . '—The Testimonials from members of the Medical Profession and Patients who have been cared that are daily received by Dr . GlJTlIttEY , establish tlie efficacy of tliis remedy beyond a doubt ; in every case , however bad , cure is guaranteed , thus rendering trusses unnecessary . It is easy in application , perfectly painless , and applicable to both sexes of all ages . Sent free on receipt ofGs . by Post-office order or stamps , by Dr . HENRY GUTIIREY , 6 , Ampton-street , Gray ' s-hmroad , London . At home daily , from Ten till One , morning ; Six till Eight , evening * , on Sundays , Ten till One only . Hundreds of Trusses have been left behind by persons cured , as trophies ofthe success of this the only * cmedy for Rupture , whicli will really be given away to persons requiring them after a trial of it .
Ad00417
INSTANT EASE-LASTING CURE . Price ls . per Packet . BRANDE'S ENAMEL , FOR FILLING DECAYING TEETH , and RENDERING TI 1 E . M SOUND AND _PAINLES-i , has , from its unquestionable ex _eelleiice , obtained great popularity at home and abroad Its curative agency is based upon a TRUE THEORY of the cause of Tooth-Ache , and hence its great success . B . _i most other remedies it is sought to kill the nerve , and so stop the pain . But to destroy the nerve is itself a very painful operation , and often leads to very sad consequences , for the tooth then becomes a dead substance in the living jaw , and produces tlie same amount of inflammation and pain as would result from any other foreign body embedded in a living organ . BRANDE'S ENAMEL does uot destrov thc ncrvr , but , by _KESTOWJXtf THE _SHL'Lh OF THE 1 ' 00 'f U , completely protects the nerve from cold , heat , or chemical or other agency by which pain is caused , l ' . y _following the directions , INSTANT EASE is obtained , and a LASTING CURE follows . Full instructions accompany every packet .
Ad00418
TOP MAY BE CCRED YET n 0 LL 0 _"WAri " 0 _I"ST 3 JffiST . CURE OF RHEUMATISM AND RHEUMATIC GOUT . Extract of a Letter from Mr . Thomas Bmnton , Landlord oi the Waterloo Tavern , _Cwalham , Yorkshire , late of the Life Guards , dated September *? Stl _> , 1 S 18 . Sir , —For along time Iwas a martyr to Rheumatism and Rheumatic Gout , anil for ten weeks previous to using your medicines I was so bad as not to be able to walk . I hud tried doctoring and medicines of every hind , but all to ¦ no avail , indeed 1 daily got worse , and felt that I must shortly die . From seeing . "onr remedies advertised in the paper * ! take in , I thought 1 would give them a trial . I did so . I ruhhed lhe ointment in as directed , and kept cabbage leaves to the parts -thickly spread with it , and _toolc thc Fills night and morning . In three weeks 1 was enabled to walk about for an hour or two in the day with a slick , and i . 'i seven weeks 1 conld go amirhere without one . I am
Ad00419
SOW REA » _Y with the MAGAZINES _FOBSEPrEMBER , No . IV . of THE DEMOCRATIC REVIEW Of BRITISH and FOREIGN POLITICS , HISTORY U and LITERATURE . Edited by G . JULIAN HARNEY . CONTESTS * 1 . Tha Editor ' s Letter to the Working Classes on the New Reform Movement . 2 . Letter from Paris . 3 Our Inheritance : The Land common Property . Letter IV . 4 Social Reform ; Louis Blanc on Competition . 5 Tlie Queen ' s Visit to Ireland . G . ' Democratic Progress . 7 The Hungarian Struggle . Part II . 8 Places of Note in lluugary . 9 . Will ofthe Tsar Peter , Emperor of Russia . It )! American Poetry . 11 . Literature . 12 . The late Henry Hetherington . 13 . ' Political Postcript .
Ad00420
CHOLERA-NEW _TREATMENT . TIIE MEDICAL ADVISER , autlior of the celebrated essays on Scrofula , Consumption , Syphilis , diseases of the Skin , and editor of the " Medical and Family Monitor , " begs to acquaint his friends , that having returned from a scientific journey , and collected many data for a more successful treatment of _cliolcra , he may be consulted as before . Address , " Medical Adviser , " Mr . Rastiek , chemist , Brook-street , Bond-street .
&*9 .To'ttspohrwus? *
_&* 9 . _TO'tTSpOHrWUS ? *
Mr. Ru , **** , Churchill.—The Charge Is...
Mr . Ru , _**** , Churchill . —The charge is 4 | d . if less than four copies under one cover . Mr . _Westj-01 'I . and , Penrith . —If the London bookseller , who supplies your agent , would call at Mr . Pavey ' s , llol-.--. vellstrect , Strand , he would procure them . Mr . _IUr-iop , Stalybridge . —Your _jiaynniiit is roade Ivy Mv . Harney up to the ' . ' 2 nd inst , We could send the portraits to Mr . Heywood , Manchester , in his next parcel . Say if that will do . Mr . _IlrATT _. _llristol , acknowledges the following sums for Victim Fund , sent herewith , viz .: —Charles Clark , Is I'd J . Powell , ls 2 d ; \ V . Burgess , ls od ; John Xevrmaii , Cd ; W . Stevens , 2 d ; Mr . Kouli , Id ; Job Way , Cd ; Thomas _Duggan , Cd ; Henry Fink , Gd ; "ff . Hyatt , ls .
Mr . Ingram , Abergavenny , begs to acknowleago the receipt of the following sums for Macnsimara ' s Action , sent herewith , viz .: —Abergavenny , Thomas C . Ingram , 'is ; C . "Beams , Is ; Owen Martin , ( id ; John Davis , Od ; John Gobey , 6 d ; Tredafer Ironworks , John llancox , Cd ; YV . Jones , Cd ; Ragland , Thomas Lewis , ls . KmKDALE _Chautist Pkison £ SS _Thornns Ormesher , Secretary , begs to acknowledge thc following sums : —London _iloot and Shoe Makers , per J . M'Veig / i , £ 0 ; for Messrs . _Kiuikin and Cvopev , £ 1 ls . Gd . Mi * . WiiriTAKER begs to acknowledge tho following sums for Messrs , Leach and Donovan , London Iloot and Shoemakers , -pev J . _il'Veigh , 1 * 19 s . Mr . IV . Hemm acknowledges the receipt ofthe following sums : 3 s . Sd ., from Spa-Well , Elliiud , near Halifax ; Gs . fvowi Baewp , per James Wilson .
J . C . S . _Lockwooi-. —Write to 22 , Queen s-terrace , Bayswater , London . The M'Douau . Committee . —By reference to our first page , it will be seen that tbe money has been sent to _Mi-s . _M-I ) ouali , which renders the publication of the communication received unnecessary . " JL A . _M'DouAia . acknowledges the receipt of 10 s . from the Chartists of Thornton , Yorkshire . Crht-legate Locality We cannot insert "Forthcoming Meetings , " unless paid for as advertisements . Mr . J . _Ccmsiixgs , of _L'diiibui-gli , writes as tbllows :- In reply to the observation of " L'Ami du Peuple , " I have onlv time to state that the Chartists arc shut out of every
hall , church , and chapel in Hit * town , capable ol aceonimodat mj * : a public meeting . ( Jn the last application for the Music Hall , it was refused , unless a magistrate was in the chair . Out-door meetings are proclaimed , so that there is no possibility of getting up a demonstration , to express flic real feelings of the democracy of Edinburgh . CiiAiiTEuvaiE Defence Fund . —Beceived from Mr . John Cameron , Ilutchens Town , Glasgow , Cd . Thanks to the other side of the Border , they have been the first to answer our appeal . What are the lads of Carlisle about ?—William Smith . J . KniK _, Nottingham , and Asti-IIumiicg _, Margate-Received .
_**^^*** _S ¦ _t _^ _jff— ¦ - ' ** -- * _FOETSAIT OF KOSSUTH , THE BOI & ABIAH CHIEFTAIff . London Booksellers and Publishers , who supply Country Agents with the " Northern Star , " may bo supplied with thc portrait of Kossuth , and those previously issued , by Mr , J . Pavey , Holywell-strcet , Strand , on the samo terms as thoy could havo thorn at our Office .
Ihe I0rtiiei Stab. Sa'£X T 3ee≫Ay, Septs53ibess S, Asm.
IHE I 0 _RTIIEI STAB . _SA' £ X 3 EE > AY _, SEPTS _53 IBESS S _, ASM .
The Harvest And Our Future Prospects. An...
THE HARVEST AND OUR FUTURE PROSPECTS . An abundant harvest ; , of first-rate quality , has rewarded tho labours of tho agriculturist in this country , and thc samo agreeable intelligence has been received from those portions of the Continent "where thc inhabitants have had time and opportunity to practise the arts of peace . Complaints have been made of thc re-appearance of the potato blight
in a few localities , but we believe that a close examination would show tho disease in such cases to have arisen from the planting of diseased seed , and not from the causes—atmospheric or otherwise—which so recently caused thc general failure of thc potato crop . For the next year , at all events , Europe is placed beyond thc tear of a scarcity of provisions , and its statesmen aro relieved from tho difficult task of ruling populations over whom want , or the fear of want , casts its gloomy shadow .
If society was in a normal condition , such intelligence would give universal satisfaction . As it is , tve are prepared to hear the cry of distress resound fi-om what is called the " agricultural interest . " Even under the old Corn Law regime , a plentiful harvest was synonimous with low prices and rueful faces . How much more so will this be the case , when our ports arc open for thc admission of the untaxed agricultural _pi'oclucc of thc world , at a mere nominal register duty ?
Iu anticipation of this cry ot agricultural distress , however , it may be useful to point out the difference between the temporary causes which may apparently operate to tho disadvantage of the farmer , and those which onr recent commercial policy are certain to make permanent . The mere statement ofthe price of an article gives no correct idea as to the remuneration it returns to tho producer , anymore than the money-rate of wages affords an unvarying standard of thc comforts such wages will purchase . The price at which wheat sliould sell
in this country , to produce a living profit to the grower , has been calculated to bo from f > 0 _s . to _otts . a quarter . With less than that amount , it is asserted , that it is impossible to pay local and general taxation , tithes , reut _, wages , and the other outgoings on a farm ; and the inference drawn from this postulate is , tlv . it when wheat sells at from 40 s . or 45 s . ,-i quarter , the farmer loses the difference . . Now we do not mean to question tho accuracy of the calculation , as respects an average crop ; but when—as is tho case this year—the farmer has considerably more than au average crop , it is clear that
thc greater quantity ho can carry to market will make up for tlie reduction iu the money price of the product * . For instance , if in an ordinary year thc produce of five acres sown with wheat is fifteen quarters , and the price 50 s ., the money return would be £ 37 10 s . In a plentiful year like the present , if the yield should be one-fourth more , or twenty quarters , and the price 40 s ., tho return would he £ 40 , leaving a difference of £ 2 10 s . in favour of tiie farmer at the lower price , and , of course , enabling him to bear so much the more easily , thc various burdens wc have previously adverted to .
It is not , therefore , in years like the present that the native farmer will havo any real reason for grumbling or complaint . So long as he has abundance of produce to sell , ho will occupy the home market moro advantageously than thc foreigner . The natural protection afforded him by thc cost of warehousing , freight , and other charges , which importers ol foreign grain must pay , will in sueh cases
The Harvest And Our Future Prospects. An...
come into full operation , and the simple statement ofthe money price at which he sells will not _sive an , accurate index of his returns and his profits . But in bad , or comparatively scarce years , foreign competition must tell severely upon the British farmer , unless radical and extensive changes be made , both as to the burdenshe has to bear , and the mode in which farms are let in very many districts in England . Under the old Corn Law , foreign grain could only come into the market at a price whieh allowed thc British farmer to
make up for a deficient crop by a high money return . Under the new system that compensating balance lias been taken away . Foreign importations from countries in whicli the harvest has been more plentiful , and the influx ofthe surplus of all countries which will constantly and inevitably flow into the large and rich Englishmarket , will , as continually and as irresistibly , tend to keep prices down to a low level , and prevent the native agriculturist from realising sufficient to discharge the heavier local burdens he has to bear .
The Free Trade journals foreseeing this consequence of their policy , aro now urging the farmers to demand leases unincumbered with restrictive covenants , alterations in the Game Laws , and reductions of rent , as necessary complements to the legislative changes already made . Foreseeing , also , that large crops are the only permanent means by which the home farmer can maintain himself in the home market , they cry out for a new race oi cultivators , who will bring to agriculture tho same capital , skill , enterprise , and activity , as has been applied to manufactures . Centralisation and
machinery in the farm-stead ave to _pcriovm tho same task they have done in the mill , thc print-work , and the powerloom shed—namely , economize power and time , and displace manual labour . To that point in agriculture , as in manufactures , the whole policy of our modern system of production constantly tends ; and it is " clear that this lop-sided system _^ if fully carried out in relation to tho cultivation of the soil , must attack both the landlord and the labourer . Tho first in his rent—the second in liis wages ; that is , when hc is lucky enough to get work .
But what , under our large farm system , and the / substitution of maehinesfor able-bodied peasants , is to become ofthe displaced Labour ? The experience wc have had of our Free Trade policy , so far , is not calculated to make us very hopeful as to the extension of markets for our miumfaetoes in other countries . Protection is almost without exception the popular creed , both with rulers and people , and they look upon our liberal professions as merely a new form of the all-engrossing selfishness whicli induces us to seek the monopoly ofthe markets of thc world . In every country the government and the people have for many years been engaged
in resisting that monopoly in thc most effective manner , namely , by encouraging the developement of native industry in all departments . The periodical exhibitions of agricultural and manufactured articles , which take place in the United States , powerfully testify to the giant strides which the Transatlantic Republic has taken towards the attainment of her ambition , namely , to bo thc first country in the world in all respects . At these exhibitions Protectionist feelings and policy are strongly exhibited aud advocated ; and it may be said fairly , that with thc exception of the trading and commercial classes , Protectionism is tho national economical faith . In France it is the same . Last
week wc visited tho Exposition of _i \ ational Industry , agricultural and manufacturing , now open in the Champs Elysees , at Paris , and which wo believe is made every fivo years . Notwithstanding the drawbacks which a period of revolutionary excitement must have caused to such an exposition , it was impossible to walk through the long arcades , crowded with every species of production , from thc simplest
domestic utensil to the most gorgeous productions of tho looms of Lyons—without feeling that with such a climate , soil , industrial and artistic skill , France did not need to bo dependent on any other country , cither for articles of necessity , convenience , or luxury . There , too , Protectionism is in thc ascendant , even to the length of absolutely prohibiting the importation of tho Spanish and Portuguese wines , which would interfere with thc native wines of
the country , ami one of its staple products . Indeed , in almost every part of the Continent there may be discerned a strong determination to protect native industry , by a cordon of defensive tariffs , agaiust thc injurious , and , in many cases , ruinous competition of England . They have the common sense to know thatthe people must labour , if they arc to live honestly , and they prefer to let them support themselves rather than to throw them a burden upon society .
One of tho most probable consequences of the success of the combined forces of Austria and Russia against Hungarian independence , will be the formation of a new continental league against England . It is stated that _SciiAiiZESBEnG the Austrian minister , and thc Cy . _AU havo already arranged thc programme of such an alliance ; and that a Congress was to meet at "Warsaw , including representatives
of Austria , Russia , Bavaria in Germany , and all Italy , with the exception of Piedmont and France . Thc rumours of such an intention may be premature , but the mere fact of such statements finding thoir way into the bostinfbrmed journals , hoth in this and other countries , shows that the idea of tha project is at least entertained , anil under thc present aspect of European politics , wesec nothing to prevent _itsbein- ** carried out .
Ave do not , therefore , see in what direction sufficiently largo and profitable markets aro to bo found , to give employment to the continually augmenting mass of unemployed labour , which must result from the application of tho manufacturing systcm to Agriculture . Thero is , it appears to us , but one safe , speedy , and permanent outlet aud safety-valve , and that is by thc national adoption of the
principles upon which the Land Plan is based . These principles arc susceptible of numerous modifications in their practical application to various localities , and thc wants of varied bodies ofthe industrial class ; but they constitute—wc honestly and sincerely believe—thc only effectual remedy for the state of things which now exists , and for the worse wliich is approaching .
Even now , when thc papers are unanimous in assuring us ili . it trade is in a very healthy state in the manufacturing districts—when " a plentiful harvest has given that fillip to manufactures whicli it invariably does—wc find that every walk of life is overcrowded . For every vacant situation there aro a dozen candidates ' ; and this -redundancy" of population is not confined to our commercial cities and manufacturing marts , but extends tothe country town and rural hamlet . The want of the nation is
PROFITABLE _UNPRODUCTIVE EMPLOYMENT , accompanied by such measures as will give those employed , a direct and equitable participation in the products _ofthoirliib-ju _** . " \ _Yc know of no plan wliich would so immediately effect that great desideratum as that ol enabling tho " surplus population" to cultivate more assiduously knds now very much wulereultivaiod , or the forests and extensive tract **
of reclaimed land which are now lying _watfe . Every day of such labour would add to tiie substantial wealth nnd power of ihe nation while the labourers thomcclves wonld sen in thoir smiling homestwida and fertile fields , not only a rich reward for their toil , but ' the assurance that their dail y bread would not depend upon the precarious ami _iluctuatiiiv demand for manufactured goods , in some market thousands of miles over the sea
A good harvest , then , wonld be « , national blessing without any drawback , hoauise tlio sower would reap ami enjoy tlie product of hk labours . Production and consumption would equalise and ve net upon each other , villi * _, _. «*
The Harvest And Our Future Prospects. An...
stimulating and healthful energy , whch _N _* > ould permeate _tvery ramification ot soc et ) . At present the suicidal process pursued " _¦» ? " - crease production by means _which dimmish _thepoirerofthe people t o consume in an inverse ratio . The result is , that a _^ feverish period of the so-called prospcnty _i succeeded by a protracted "g lut , " an stag nation of trade ; " and the operative s sUrve upon half wages or parish allowance , du . mg the time their former employers aic _cndedvourhig to get rid of tho accumulated goous — _„
upon their shelves . . » We are happy to see that the percept on of these truths is becoming more general tl an t was a few years since . Many of the j , ow iah which _repaated the ignorant and fool sh « ssci tion , that England was cultivated up to ts highest capabilities-that it could not i . usc more food than it did-awl thatthe only mode of continuing national existence was to become exclusively manufacturing , and live upon Foreign Corn- have now discovered the
practical folly of such doctrines . . Neither manufactures nor emigration offer a sufficiently large nor available channel for thc ever-deepening stream of unemployed industry which flows from the present system . Let it , then , bo turned on to thc hills and valleys of out native land , and from its healthful irrigation , fertility and abundance , conjoined with prosperity and contentment , will arise to bless thc nation . . _ _tto
The Cholera. The Second Visit Oftho Chol...
THE CHOLERA . The second visit oftho Cholera to tlie Metropolis has already proved much more deadly than thc first did in 1832 . The number oi deaths from Cholera during tho pestilence of 1832 , was about 1 , 300 , while tho number of deaths in the present year has already considerably exceeded 0 , 000 . In one day—Monday _tostf _* - _—tha fatal cases amounted to 202 .
Judging from tho previous course of the pestilence , it may be presumed , however , that the maximum mortality of the visitation has been attained ; and that although tho number of cases may , for some time , bc as numerically great as before , the proportion of recoveries will be very much larger . The probability is , that it trill continue to transfer its ravages into new districts , of that immense conglomeration of houses , called London ; and , in theso fresh districts exhibit thc samo destructive force it has already done iu those it has visited ; so that for some time to come we shall hear of its
deadly career . Notwithstanding this very large excess of deaths over those of 1832 , we still adhere- to our advice , given a week or t _«* o ago , to repress any feeling of undue alarm and excitement . "Wo cannot help thinking that the practice of publishing column upon column of individual cases , with all their nauseating details , in thc newspapers , has done very much to propagate
tho disease , and diffuse that general alarm which all experience shows to be tlie most facile medium for tho spread of epidemics . Such reports may be required for the information and guidance ' of thc parochial _authovitH ! S _, the medical _oflicers of municipal districts , and the General Board of Health ; but their presentation iu thc columns of a newspaper , can have no other effect than to excite that foir which is too often tho forerunner of a fatal attack .
One melancholy feature ot the visitation must strike tho most casual observer—namely , thc entire ignorance of thc medical profession as to tho nature ofthe disease . Scarcely two of them hold thc same opinion on tho subject . At tho meetings of theniembersof thc Medical School—which have been held for the purpose of discussing tho subject—such a variety of contradictory opinions havo been put forward , that it almost seems as if the speakers had resolved , in the midst of a pestilence , to destroy all confidence in medical skill or knowledge .
One thing is quite clear , that the treatment adopted by the vast majority of them must , under such circumstances , be purely empirical . In the absence of a sound aud consistent theory as to thc nature and causes of a disease , tho medical practitioner must act upon mere guesses ; and even in tho course of theso experimental conjectures upon his patients , if hc hits upon something which proves efficacious in one particular case , he is not able to decide how far it may bo owing to the medicine and treatment itself , or to thc operation of extraneous
agencies . Unfortunately , to add to this confusion of ideas , and want of confidence in medical art , the columns of many oftho papers—thc " Times' " especially—have teemed with all kinds of ridiculously-contradictory nostrums and speculations , until the public , wearied of such foolish jabber and jargon , have taken refuge in tho apathy of despair , and practically act upon thc Mahometan creed of Fatalism .
Another point m connexion with this subject cannot be passed over without severe reprehension—namely , the _wiuit of anything like comprehensive and vigorous measures on tho part ofthe public bodies to whoso care tho sewage , and other matters relating to public health , are committed . As is too ofteu the case in this country , they have debated when they should have bcou acting . The approach uf Cholera , to our shores was stead y and gradual . It has been noted , during the last " two Years , aud the timo of its arrival in this island
might , by a careful watcher of its progress , have been predicted with tolerable exactitude _, li ' e had warning enough to set our houses in order , but tho timo was wasted in talk that should have been devoted to work ; and at length , when thc disease made its appearance among ns , we were as much unprepared as in 1832—seventeen years ago . All the elements which aid thc _mi-. _n-h , and add to the virulence ofa pestilence , wore as rife as ever , in a nation which boasts of its intelligence , scientific _kuow-Icibre and advanced civilisation .
"Wo arc glad , _howwer , to see that the monster nuisance to winch wc formerly directed attention , is now receiving that share ef public notice and reprehension which it demands . " In the list of morbific Rgencios , no one occupies so prominent a position , or is more deadly in its operation , than town grave - yards . " The burial of thc dead amongst tlie living is a piece of unnatural and pestilential barbarism , which in almost exclusivel y the property of Christian and civilised Europe , and especially of Christian and civilised England . Tb ' e ancient pagan world was well aware , of the
imperative necessity for turving tlie dead outside tlieir cities ; ' aml it is saddening to reflect Ihat , in the course of _--gos _, no hv from improving , wc have actually _relv- _* gvaded in tins respect . It does not matter whether interments take place in thc chuvchvard or the church vault , so far as the noxious ' and deadly eftccts of the practice are concerned . In the latter case , it is supposed tliat tlio poisonous
gases , which are generated 6 y decomposition , eau be confined by encasing the bodies in leaden coffins . This is a delusion . If the coffin be very stroiie _* , it may resist tho pressure for a time , but at length thc explosive _forci * of tho gases cither bursts the caso , or opens a fissure which permits the gradual escape of the gas as it is generated . Thc person * _, who attend the church , below which such _ourials take place , breathe a concentrated
miasma ot an intensely poisonous nature . The consequence is frequent fa * mti ! ij , 's—thc sensation of nausea , headache and languor . Putrid fevem , ctught no one knows how , reward thc devout _j _t-vtficl-tiifc upon public worship . Thc _de-d . h-dust rises from the matting of thc aisles , juul Hi ,. , cuslikuis * of the pews - * _-, !! around h mipivoualcd with the seeds oi" death , because , in order to bring * mone y to thc parsons , _Mui - _clu's and chap vis arc convened into clianiel-hoiisi's .
I he _wy- . _- . s ' u \\ _isgusfmg -. _^ closures have boon ' •¦• idc as to tlio _jwiu-tico ¦ _... _< ¦ " tapping" those _*<'* « _k'i ! » _- _« 'fiiii » . in order to let " " tho morbific poi-*« " osi - ape ; but the scenes tl ' 'a * , occur in tlio
The Cholera. The Second Visit Oftho Chol...
church-yards are still more brutal and horrify _, ing The church vault can only bc obtained bv tho rich man as his last resting-place . The churchyard is the receptacle of the poor , and even in the grave the same feeling that thoy are " surplus , " nnd had no right tobe bora at all , is manifested towards them . There was no room for them while in life ; and it appears that , in thc crowded town church-yard , ther » is as little when they die . Take an e . _\* amp ] a or two . Mr . Chakles Scott , one of the CI-y police , in a letter t o the _Oommissio-seh _, gjv- _* tho following p icture of tho doin gs iu thQ churchyard of St . Asse s , Blackfriars :-.
Upon tlio retirement of some person * wlio had just wir , _nesswl the interment of ii _ft-ienil , the graeedigger dragged frombchind a tombstone part of a mutilatedbody ( from tho Hits dnouwards ) to thcjraei , which had afew _muiuu-s previously received its tenant , nnd thrust it in _ivitli _jjii-at via . Iencc Without _acovci-iii'r ; he then descended into the grate . _wiiicii was about twelve feet deep , and dismembered tie limbs with a spade , and place I them betide the ctfiu , over which he sprinkled « small quantity of earth . Tliisgnivtj has been left open for upwards of tliruD weeks for the io , ception of bodies , having on _' y a slight _covenng of earth anil boards . Another person , speaking of Portugal-street ; Burying-ground , says : —
I have seen scenes in this place that made my blood curdle—sueh borings through dead bodies , and _throwing up of human bones , and smashing up of coffins , rant , _i . * i , ' , tian man should witness or cannibal be guilty of . All this has been poms on for many , many years . Tlie - . tench is at times awful , tMtdtlicl . itH--u . ige of the _graveiligg-ers as brutal as the work they do . " Some may not bo aware of what is meant oy the " borings" here alluded to . A description of the proceedings at the _buryiug-groiuul of Christ Church , Blackfriars , will explain
Usually ( lie business of the day _be-cins about ten o ' _elw-k , when arc to be seen two or three groups of persun . ; in the cliuvchyavd to choose a place to deposit the remain- ; ot tlieir departed friends . The graccdiygers are there _rnlk huge iron _tiisfnoiieiifi _* , some ten or twelve feet in length , in the shape of an immense aii _^ -ei _* . A spot is _c _* * -u . * 'eii ; this instrument is tlinistinto the earth to see if there he room . —hut it invariably comes in contact _wiih _.-i eofiin ; hcacy thrusts arc then made , and if hy hearing his whole mi _/ _jiil upon the instrument the gmvedigtier can force it ihrovyh , it is considered sufficiently _dewyed , and the gri've is dug ; generally three ov four < if tliese borings for the dead have to be made before _suilicient suace is found .
Can anything hc move _brutixl ov more horrible than such scenes as these , which , be it remembered , are maintained -principally because they bring profit to tho clergy ? The Board of Health , under the authority of thc Health of Towns Act , has closed the Portugal-street nuisance . We believe in that caso the clergy are not directly interested , therefore the Board _, was brave ; but why docs it shrink from shutting up the charnel houses and manufactories of deadly mophitic gases , which belong to the Church and the Dissenters ? Tiie answer is not difficult . They shrink from an encounter with an organised " vested interest . " which has hitherto proved too strong for the Government itself .
It is , however , for the people at large to say whether they will submit to be poisoned for the profit of the parsons , or whether upon fair terms , in which thc equitable claims of that class shall be duly attended to , arrangements for tho interment of the dead _iiiceinotcricsoutsidc of town , " shall not become the general law of thc land . One thing is certain , that until this bc the caso , the most deadly and most noxious of morbific agencies will remain iu the midst of us untouched . To return , however , to the Cholera . "Wo conclude by repeating our former advice—keep the mind free from alarm—avoid . ill impure food and all excesses—live temperately but liberally—bo cleanly iu person and house , and you will have done all that individuals can do to ward off an attack of that disease .
Hegeipts Of The Katiqral Uhfl Gokpahyfca...
_HEGEiPTS OF THE KATIQRAL UHfl GOKPAHYFca iiik Week _Exi-ixc * Tiiursd . _- . * . - , _Sliri'KMBEIt l > , \ i 4 \ i . SHARES . £ _s . d . £ _<* . i ! . _Xuttingl-ai _* . .. 0 1 . ' C C . Mowl .. .. <> 2 tt J . C ( I 2 li I * , _i'attison .. 058 . i _* i * . ' ' . ' MONIES RECEIVED FOE THE ¦ PUEOHASB OF MATHON . \ V . A ., Malvern * H ft 0 W . C , _llanlev .. ' . ' 7 0 0 S . l \ , _MaK-t-u .. 15 0 0 8 . 1 \ C _, _Ell-ind SO 0 0 P . S ., I . en > t : i ! - _£ _< ton .. _T . 31 0 0 i'j : ; 7 « *! G . 15 ., Leeds .. lou 0 0 _"^ _. _' _i-J-Lr-J TOTALS . Land Fund ... ... ... . „ 1 2 2 Expense ditto ... ... ... 0 5 1 Mathon ... ... ... ... 237 0 0 _Hoim-a ditto ... ... ... 0 10 <» Loan ditto ... ... ... 11 ] U Heats from Allottees ... ... ... * _J 7 3 ( t 4-270 1 15 W . Dixon , C . Doyle , ~ " ™" T . CuitK , _Ccn _* . Soc . V . "M ' Grath , Fin . Sec . Ekatcm . —In last week ' s Star _Wi- 'ton sliould _!« * _-.. not . d .
Executive Fund. Wci't-Ived " By I". Kydd...
EXECUTIVE FUND . _Wci't-ived " by _i " . Kydd . — -Todmorden , 4 s . 3 d . FOR COSTS OF MACNAMARA _' S ACT 1 C . V _Keei-ived Vy W . _Him-n .-J . Taylor , Stour 1 _' iwost . I-. ; t ' . v _* . Friends , Ciii ' _- _' ord , vet * J . Cassou , Is .- . _JJaaij _* . *> - ••'• ' Wilson . 2 s . ad . : _Coiii-itil S ' _ni-iii--lijill . _Xi . _rivicli . _I'l _; a ; -. _v 1 ' iiemls , _Tuuv-U _' lc , ls . Gd . : 11 . tiallowav , _Kivla-. iKlv . * > . T . 'iVi . _' i _.-mi . uM ' _-uui . 8 * . ¦ _i'i-i . stol . _jh-i- w . 1 ' yntr . is . . - _, ! . _Abi-rsaveimy , ' _Cv-iiieji-av s « ul _Ha- 'land , per f . f . _Iiu-ram ( see Notice lo _CoiTes-Miuk-nt _.- _**) _, lis . Ud . FOR VVIVeS AND FAMILIES Of _VICTIMS . Keceived by \ V . HmEii . _—Uncti ** . •>•* - !• J . Wilson , ' - _' * * . _** . l . ; Uiisli _* . _* , a _fc-iv _l- ' riends , " _-i-r \\\ _llobei-tsoti , : ) s . I'd . ; _llristol , I / et- Vi * . Hyatt _( _sec-Nov . ei : 10 Coviv _^ iuiulciUs ) , Ho . ilul . MRS . M'DOUALL . Received by AV . _llioiui—Uovwn , jier . l . 15 . _lloi-.-1 ' _ill . I *' , ! . Coventry , lier J . Gilbert , 5 s . ; Kdinlnirgh , iiui * \ V . _H-ivies . _* -
VICTIM FUND . _Uvetivcil by P . _llooxiiAM . —<} . . 1 ., ls . ; G . IV . ( id . ; Sir . _ftvinger . is , ; Clamber ' s V _' _.-ir-iors , t ; _. ! ili _> _U-, l (! s . : ; _l- ' rsi _.-i : d , Cborley , -Id . ; . Mr . _I'Livy , U ' _es- ' . iiuiist _.-r , o'd . : . 'Ir , Killer ' s _receipts , l ' oi * tivo weeks , £ 2 lis . _7 d . Jons _Auxott , _Somc-vs Town , bas iveeivod from Jlr . TliOMie , Poplar , a H ; _-i ! _- ! er ' s 1 _' _,-iiv _ISool ; _atal a _Ci-jai- Case , to be -. _Usjios . 'il of for the _ln-miit oi ' ilu- Vietims . Notice . —Ti ; a " . s . _ild . _nrknoivlrd . _-vil ill last Vtvtk ' s . _SWfri-iii Vi ' cll : i _!* _rbot'oii-: ! i ivasfortbe Victims and not ibr _iii-Sl'Doir-ill .
Kot1ce. The Utiles Of T!;E L-Iml Awl Bui...
KOT 1 CE . The Utiles of t !; e _L-iml awl Building Society _aiv now ready , ami will be forw-. mlt ' _jl by rust . ' All applications to he . made to tlie Directors , at tlieir Office , 144 , High Jlolborn . Each a _* i _* _ilk- ; Uk _* i \ to contain ten Postage-stamps , to cover tlie expense ** of _llul-. _*** and Postage . Jlv Order , Thomas ( Jur _;** , Cor . . See .
Im-: Amexdkd Couxty Coi-Uts Act.—On .Sat...
Im-: Amexdkd _Couxty _Coi-uts Act . —On . Satur day tivo provisions in thc new Countv Courts An * ( 12 th and _Klili Vict ., cap . ] 01 ) , camo into operation , _rcp-j _.- _'hiig tho authority sivon to tho . judges to coiiimit to county gaols or houses of correction , nnd substituting tlio usual debtors' prison , when : in _ttitiii'O debtors are to be sent . Bv the third sctiun _itisproviileil that v .-here ; t debtors' prison is situated at -in inconvenient distance , or is in ; i _cn-wtM st . it 11 , the Secretary of State may iii _* ihcrise _cottiHHt-v . _cnts to * i house of correction * " -mil ronki ! orders altering the re _<** uIations of audi ho ' _u- _* v ot correction , or gaol , so far as respects
_tlietre-ttnu'iit ot persons to bc committed under this act in order that _suifh persons may he treated as _neai-lv as may be in like manner us if thev liad been committed to ; i gaol in whicli such debtors as aforesaid may be confined , _notwithstanding the i _* e _<* ulatk > ii . s in force in such house of correction or gaofto wliich sueh persons may bo committed , and even * such order may , from time to time be revoked or " varied by Mich _.-it'ci-etarv of $ tate : is occasion mav require " Oxk ov tub ioxom _axsivehs _cvof " _loiiecd i ' n Uianeery s ' . _m-o tlie remarkable case of " "" Small versus Attwood _* * has just been filed ; tho ominal bill was tiled by a leading railway company . t _* . ain _<* t a earner in BhicWYinrs , who had Wight actions against he company to recover ( or lost parcels and to try the validity of the charges , amouutim- ir , about £ 200 - and this bill was _ofgmtt Kh % _t Z _hrS'E SeVeI , t _>' -t , U ' L > aKh _™« « Wn , _« £
A Ian . _GiunnsMAX ( 0 sK of the _lfe-toss of _Vvh-hloo ) n . _** * d ov Km-.-MAi . su _i _. v Holloway ' s _QumJ _^^ lM . _^ -AVr . lbonias Bvunton , landlord of the _Wuterlu ., _l-iverii , Uailiam , Sorkslnre , was alllicted ibr manv months with _licumati-nvi and rheumatic gout , bu leii were dreadfully paintul , and _disll-ured with colours ol * even- lmo , ( _Vi-htful to behold . _I- ' or ten weeks he wa < _wluilly unable to walk , the treatment he received from several medical men not only failed to do him anv rood but left hun , iu fact , iu a _cousiikvaW" - worse condition t . ian _ln-tore bo . liad recourse to tbem . _lloiloivav _' s Pill- and Uiutme-it wore at lust resorted to , and by thei . ' sale mean * I _™ f _** ™ l _«*' yvwwl and restored to health aud
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Sept. 8, 1849, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_08091849/page/4/
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