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«pn THE CHARTISTS, QF^THE WES? -- '310TSG OF Tp$Kfiffl^;;- ~;- - ¦
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• * ¦X .;-/:i,.7^^^m^XX': .'¦, ---- - -?...
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'•'United we stand, Divided we fJJli"
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sought none It was, to«Tiim, sufficient ...
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JXX "" tectionand Free TradeGreece lonth...
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.r-J/X,:/; ' ,1- - : ' ; ..__ _' TO; THE...
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TO FEARGUS O'CONNOR, ESQ., M.P. DearSik,...
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«• For a nation to he free , >ti* suffic...
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: iiiV PARLIAMENTARY REFORM IN ABERDEEN....
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tyact arous larr House by that the Ithe ...
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On Tuesday evening a supper was given at...
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To Dbivb away Bats.—Get a paper bag full...
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
«Pn The Chartists, Qf^The Wes? -- '310tsg Of Tp$Kfiffl^;;- ~;- - ¦
« pn THE _CHARTISTS , QF _^ THE WES ? _-- ' _310 TSG OF Tp _$ Kfiffl _^;; - ~; - _- ¦
• * ¦X .;-/:I,.7^^^M^Xx': .'¦, ---- - -?...
• * ¦ X . ; - / : i _,. 7 _^^^ m _^ XX' : . ' ¦ , ---- - - _?¦¦ : : I _Jfr- lW _**" : _* _- _?*" _™^ - ' _^ - ' . - - - ' -. - - -- _-. _V . _-vVJ-r-i . _" ! . _*^ - " x su bmit to you the " ; _follo-vririg _ao _^ niraible _IMjgr—togeSh & t with * * the -resolution : _nnanimously adopted "by the delegates representing _« ou ( ti-e hold Nor & eixB ) 7 vao haxe done ' as much to . _forwari _, the people ' s c _^ an _te _^ _as _^ any
¦ . _. _^ p le in " _Eii _^ a _^ i _XMA \ JL :. _^^/ iJk : _^ iii . _^ d them , -whether _fte c _^^ _jiey justly _jmatci can "hej _;^ orei _-mpjf-tatfjrfe g _y , them thai it is to me _f - I ' _asktypxt-rgjii _ttnnk of i _^ whether any 1 , _other-propri-3-for of a ne * _wpaper Hn the -world l _* _wwMa | [ ow jis conduct not to be criticised , but censured and reviled , as I have allowed mine to be-in _fhs Northern Star ? , ; :. - ¦ - , _/^ . _' 77 x ;; 7 _^ 71 ; "
- I _asfc yoa " _^ _heth-jf any circunistance is so 1 pre-eminently calculated to _disiiurb' * -ffld _destroy union in your ranks , as -flie promulgation of ¦ disunion among your leaders . ; The dismissal of Mr . Ho _*^ _v fo > . _^^^' . pf . _^|^ _jn _^ : ' _^ gomers To « -hi ,--cost me nearl y five _himdred pounds , while my honest cKen _*^ % h _^ s _^ : i 3 h hJKKi _? ter I would not allow to be reviled , p _* Hd [' . not _^ a _f _^ o _^ ngof * lhe . j-bnount : _^ _/ l' _^' " "Mr . _Hiul ' s abuse of "Dr .-: H _^ _O _TA _^ .: - _# h _0 e a refugee , cost me a good editor , * and inflicted much damage npon our cause ; *«* _hUe"the _paTfc fc
lication of my own resolut ion that the Chartists of 1848 should not go _undefended- _^ together -frith tiie exemption from _ojikum pic _* kmg _^ -cbst me five hundred pounds ; thus showing tbat - « hat is published in the . _. _fiter is -always legallv construed against me , * when liberty _/> r money is the penalty ; _whUe the publication of violent and ridiculous speeches hasi been the cause of my incarceratioh and hea _*^ pecuniary loss . " But now , in answer to the wise and dis _^ _creetresolution of themen of _theWestEidingi 1 give it nnder rajJi _^^ _S _^ fl
_£ _QBir _2 $ ES _^ _Ati _^ EAL \ _tt _. _^ MAI > E T 8 E ORGAN FOB CIRC 1 ILATING ANY PERSONAL OR PRIVATE SQUABBLES OR _-fjlSSEXSIOXS . IT SHALL REMAIN WHAT IT EVER HAS BEES-THE TRUE REFLEX OF THE POPULAR MDfD OF THIS COUNTRY . Tour feitbiul Friend , Feargus O'Connor . Bradford , Torkshire , Feb . 4 th . 1 S 50 . Heir Sa , —I forward you the following resolution unaui njonslr adopted at a _"WestBiaing delegate meeting ; held in Hie _Deaocrafic _School-Room _, Croft-street , Bradford , Feb . _llnvedby George Webber , seconded !)* " Edward Smith : —
That we , the delegates ofthe various towns _intheTTest 3 Uains , assembled at Bradford , February 3 rd , 1850 , are of Opinion that die SorthernStar ought not to be mads the median * for persons to advocate and slander each other ; _andwertquest Mr . O'Connor , as the proprietor of that paper , notto allow the Star _tobensedfor any snchjjnr pose , as we consider such proceedings to be highly'injurious to the cause of liberty . ' Delegates present who signed the above : —Joseph _Eastwood . _Honley ; Thomas Holt , KeigUej ; George Webber , Hali & x ; Henty _Marsden ,-Holmfirth ; Edward Smith , Bradford ; Joseph Smith , _Huddersfieia . —Henry Marsden , Chairman ; Richard Gee , Treasurer ; Heniy "Wilcock , _Secretaty .
'•'United We Stand, Divided We Fjjli"
' 'United we stand , Divided we _fJJli "
TO THE _WOUKING CLASSES . _MyFkIENDS , Yoa now have the _foreshadowing of your hope from the present session of Parliament , and as I predicted for yon , the subtleness of the _tmnistry is based npon your supineness and presumed satisfaction . A majority of forty-nine in the House of "Lords , gave Lord JOHN Russell snch confidence in his power over the Commons , that in reply to Mr . Hume ' , the noble lord repeated and adhered'to his " _nXAlirr" principle :. he told the-honour able Member for Montrose , in bold and
uhmistakeable language , that it was not the intention of Her Majesty ' s Government , ' topropose any extension of the suffrage ; and he was right , quite right , so long as he can . draw his quarter ' s salary , and base his enormous patronage upon your justly presumed satisfaction . I say justly presumed , because he knows , as well as you know , that had there , daring the recess , been a resolute manifestation of the popular mind , that the Queen s speech would have-beeji framed in accordance -frith the popular will ; and there being no such manifestation , tiie royal speech naturally presumed that *? ou are satisfied -with tiie present
system . In that speech there is not a word of hope for you , nor from the speeches of any member connected with the Government can you anticipate any , the slightest benefit . Am not I , as well as the Government , justified in presuming , that a great majority of the people are satisfied with the present system" ? And acting npon the princip le of Universal Suffrage , would I be justified in urging the dissatisfaction of the minority as , grounds for resisting the satisfaction of the majority %
Working men , it would be . fair m me to base my opinion upon such a presumption , was I not aware of the truth of the maxim , that " self preservation is the first law of nature , " and that your preservation depends not npon your natural , but upon your unnatural dependence upon yonr employers . I am not so wild a pohtician , as to censure the father who would rather suppress , or even deny , Ms political feeling , than consign his - wife and little children to beggary , starvation , or the bastile , by the avowal of his principles . And it is not at all unnatural that the . master should endeavour to preserve his ascendancy , by _thus holding his slave in bondage , when Ms wealth and power is based npon that bondage . -
It is , therefore , because I" do not measure your apathy by your presumed , satisfaction , but by the masters' power , that I do not believe that the majority—or even a large minority—of the working classes are satisfied with their present position . "W orking men , however I may sympathise -with the sufferers in foreign conntries , it has ever been my desire to keep the English eye steadily fixed upon English policy ; and nothing grieves me more , or irritates me more , than to hear speeches , at meetings of working men , wholly and entirely devoted to foreign
matters : whereas , if the mind of "England -was kept steadily fixed upon English- affairs , and was so framed as to mould English Go-Ternment in accordance with-that mind , then England wonld be able to express something more than sympath y for foreign nations . . At the present moment the promised Constitution of France , based upon the blood ofthe French people , is being moulded down to aristocratic convenience . If the . _suffrage is not to be altered , giving the vote is to be . made more difficult ; and lest the vote shonld be the reflex of the national will , not only is the free _expresaon of opinion suppressed by the prevention of public meetings , but the Press which circulates it is prosecuted .
" Working men , let me now furnish you with the strongest proof that" the capitalists , who live upon labour , do hot desire any alteration in the present system that would increase your power . On Wednesday next , the 13 th inst ., there is to be a largeVathering of Parliament ary and Financial _Reformers in the Free Trade Hall at Manchester , and on this day week you wiU learn how many mill-owners and employers of labour will have taken part in that meeting , the object of "which Is to increase your political power . I predict the sprinkling of that class will be small ; whereas , if ths meeting was held for . the mere purpose of reducing taxation which falls upon them , and enabling them to increase the taxation that falls npon you , the -vast edifice would be far too small to contain them .
Working men , we have now had one week ofthe present Session of Parliament—that is , a _twenty-fourth . part of the whole Session , presuming that it will last six months , and will hold-its meetings each day—and I cannot learn , either from the Speech from the Throne , or from any speech delivered in the House , that it is intended to confer one particle of benefit upon your order . * We haye had Pro * -
'•'United We Stand, Divided We Fjjli"
tectionand Free Trade , Greece ,. Ceylon , the Colonies _^ _EcdesiasticaL , ( _Commissions , and several , other Q _jiestJons- _* -i : n which , until you possess the vote , you are in no , way interested * - _^ L-critieall y _; discussed . ; -So ; tiie - Session commenced ; and , if you are apathetic , = _so it will end ; ' ; -- "" ¦ ¦ "' - ¦¦' _- ' _ ¦ ¦ ¦ ' - ; ; -v . > _-. ' _. _? ~ I "" -- " "• - ' " "Workingnieniyon are like all-otheranimals —yon are diuTand sluggish in " winter , when the blood . flows cblo _^ y in the veins ;; but when it waxes . warm , you aire not behind any other class , in any other ' country , in vig our and energy . ; and here goes to prepare you for the " change . ; ,.. "" . * . "" . " " " , _^ tecnon and ; _Kr-vj l < ' i > _n _»» i » , n _^ inn
In April , the _Pittlisunentary and Financial Reformers are . tp hold _^^ onference in Lond on _—tbenthebloodj ** iilbe \ up . . Tonremember the 10 th of April ; 1848 ; and what I now propose is , that a Conference of English / Irish , andjScotch'deleg _^ tes shall be held in London atthe same time , and I will undertake to say , thattiie brave Irish people will elect shrewd , firiri ' and intelligent patriots to represent them j _rad _f- _^' '' _cUeerrUl y ;' 'deiray their share ' -ofthe expense : and as the British minister has ever b ' _aBj _& _ihia power upon Irish . _reliance ip ' _-ine _dag _fish _^^ e _^ th _^ both countries , will teach him that he can no longer maintain his power upon so frail a pretext . ' . _^
This has been the darling object of my life , to destroy that horrible prejudice entertained against the English- by the Irish and in order to overcome it , I have withstood all slander and persecution . It" would not he fair for me to publish what I hear privately in the House of Commons ; while I may tell you that the general feeling is , that the people are supposed to have abandoned the Charter altogether , in consequence of their not subscribing funds to support the cause . You see the amount subscr ibed by the Parliamentary Reformers upon a platform at one meeting ; it
amounted to over 1 , 500 / ., while presuming our Conference to consist of forty-five ; England , Scotland , and Wales , electing thirty , and-Ireland , fifteen ; and . setting down the salary of each delegate , at 21 . a week , and assigning three weeks for the period of its continuance , the whole amount—apart from the travelling—expenses to be paid by England , Scotiand , and Wales would amount to 180 / ., orless than a shilling a piece from four
thousand individuals , or about one penny a piece from forty thousand ; and let me ask you whether , if the people are not prepared to make such a sacrifice , the Government is not justified in resistingtheir every appeal ? . I have often told you that nothing was more injurious to a cause that was paralysed and struck down'by tyranny and persecution , than an attempt to arouse it from its slumber while thus paralysed : and I have also told you—as I told PLAIN JOHN—that where Chartism
was struck down by the tyrant ' s arm , it would there remain until the day of resurrection came ; that it would not retrograde ; but , holding the ground it had gained , would still march onward . And Chartism having been in a state of lethargy for the last two years , what I now propose is , that that Conference shall assemble in April , and that upon theday that 1 make my motion for the PEOPLE'S CHARTER there shall be a peaceable demonstration of the Chartist mind npon KENNINGTON
COMMON . And to prove to you that I am not afraid to take the lion ' s share of danger , if elected , I will act as . Chairman , of the'Conference , and as Chairman of the Meeting ; and I undertake to " p ledge myself , that no man shall be victimised by my rashness , intemperance , or folly ; but that I will so marshal and direct the mind , at both Conference and Meeting , as will prove to our opponents that we require something more than is promised in the Royal Speech , but nothing more than is just .
Working men , I know not whether yon will consider me ri g ht or wrong when ( however the proposition may be repudiated by thousands ) I again appeal to you to prepare a NATIONAL PETITION and local petitions as well , tobe presented to the House of Commons ; and for this reason—because Government and . your opponents base then * opposition upon your indifference ; and I wonld appoint discreet men to seek veritable signatures , and not the" obscene
signatures of spies and informers , whereby my power and yours may be . weakened , and the power of our opponents strengthened . - In conclusion , let me tell yoa now , as I hate told you to surfeit before—that the working classes of this , or any other country , will never derive benefit from a physical . revolution ; while nothing so much tends to weaken their cause as violent language , which is calculated to intimidate thousands who would otherwise
co-operate -with them . My day-thought and night-dream have . been ' devoted to reflection upon those means by which I could best serve the interest of all classes—making the rich , richer and the poor , rich—living down prejudice , ' and leaving the world better than I found it : and the greatest opposition against which both yon and I have had to contend , has been the violent language of poor gentlemen , who are too proud to work , and too poor to live without labour . . ' : -
My dear friends , does it not make jour heart sicken—does it not almost drive you to despair , despondence , and madness , when yon read of the dissensions that exist between parties and individuals professing the same-princi p les ? And what would you think of . me if I attempted to base my popularity npon the spouting of mere " airy and metaphysical nor things , " smking all thought of people in selfj and being more satisfied with clamorous _^ applause than substantial reform ? : Do not you think that I have suffered enough from Government persecution and POPULAR INGRATITUDE , to prove to you that I aim : at something higher than personal ambition and mere popular applause ? .-
-Working men , twenty-eight years of steadfast adherence , and the expenditure ofa large fortune in your cause ; imprisonment without conversion , _. and . slander without "desertion , should be asufficienttestimony of my character ; and what I have ever endeavoured to accomplish has been the union of leaders , to insure the union of followers—for , believe me that , when ofiieers disagree , soldiers are likely to mutiny . And now , what I most fervently implore of you is , at once and for ever , to put the
extinguisher upon all dissensions—to let those who differ fight their battles , not upon the public platform , or in the Press , but in a private conversation—as I am resolved that your organ , the NORTHERN STAR shall never again contain one column or line of party or personal , squabble ; and I believe- you will admit , that no other proprietor of a newspaper in this world would have allowed his own organ to be the medium , not of ceb sureonly , but of abuse of himself . ;
These remarks'do not refer to the present ; or even to recent times only—they refer to the period when the first Convention was held in 1839 , when the pool " , gentlemen , having expended yonr -money , sought to make a living by your disunion , and for which I-was the sufferer , and the paymaster . Workingmen— 'United you Stand ; Divided you Fall ; and _seontfrom your ., ' ranks ' , every
'•'United We Stand, Divided We Fjjli"
lwho would , make you fall b y your . _qj 0 " disunion . ; i " - .. ¦; / Xx ; . -. " _V _^ _our Faithful and Uncompromising •"' ¦ 7 / _^ v _^ " _^ " - ' . Friend and [ Representative , ' 7 j / '¦ ' : ' " _<* " i l \ _, X ' Feargus : 0 'Connok . ¦; : wJin _xc-nnM _nuU " : «„ ,. j _*_ h i ™ . _„ J : _Lzxr
Sought None It Was, To«Tiim, Sufficient ...
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Jxx "" Tectionand Free Tradegreece Lonth...
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_. _r-J / _X _,: _/; ' , 1- - : ' ; .. ___ _' TO ; THE DEPOSITORS FOR THE PURCHASE i _^ _- ; ' _-: - ; OP THE MATHON ESTATE . _•^ _-y . _^ L _^ _E _* _KiENi > s , " ' ;; ' _^ _' . I _^ _aTC _had three , or four applications for the _^ _return of a portion of the funds subscribed foi * the purchase of the above estate . In "* twe instances where the amount required was stated , I ; repaid it b y return of post ; in tw o other . instances , where questions were asked and upon the reply to which the withdrawal depended , Istated to the applicants _) that if not ¦ satisfied with my response as to the probable ijn-ie of completing tbe purchase , ' ' that ' they alsb . ' shpuld receive their money by return of p _^ _j . andnow I have to _infoiin the several _^ _deppsitoM . in that fund _^ of , to them , a most _important event * "'' .
,. _^ _-t _^ w « _4 * rt * _raSi _^** ii > _j _^ _^^ _OTateaTW-wWnaDle to a jointure of 300 _i . a year to Mrs . Ciiff , theow * ner of the estate , that is , the purchasers during her life , - would be liable to a rent ' . of 12 s . an acre . This charge upon the _estate reduced its value to the purchaser by frOni 3 , 00 ( W . to 4 , 000 / . ; that lady , however , lias departed this life , and the property has . consequently increased in value to that amount , the purchasers now not being liable to any rent whatever , a circumstance which , I dare say , will lead to the very speedy completion o f the purchase of the property ; while I beg to state , that all parties who have paid up the amount of money , representing the number of acres that they wish to purchase , shall receive back their money if inclined bo to do .
Some complain that the purchase has not been completed as speedily as they expected it ; while they seem ignorant of the fact , that title deeds connected with the purchase of a large estate , cannot be concluded so easily as they imagine , and especially during a period which is called the "'long vacation , " when conveyancers are generall y out of town—and that vacation lasts during August , September , and October . I trust that the parties who have deposited monies for the purchase of this estate , will hi satisfied with this explanation ; while I may further add , that if it is not fully purchased , I shall apply the proceeds from the sale of the Minster . Lovel and Snig ' s End estates to the purchase of the remainder for the Land
Company , and those two estates will be sold in April by the mortgagees ; and I have handed over the _PROPRIETORS bf the Lowbands Estate to the tender mercies of Mr . Roberts , who has advanced 1 , 000 / . by way of mortgage , and as the occupants at O'Connorville are , generall y speaking , 'the best conducted upon any of the estates , I will deal more leniently with tbem ; and the strongest proof that I can _*" _give-of the confidence and gratitude of tbe people is ,, tbat the men of Bradford—among whom -the dissatisfied . Mr , ODDYhas again gone to reside—sent a larger amount for the Land Fund last week , than has come' from / all England for many weeks past . But to furnish you with the strongest evidence . that men sometimes do wear two
faces under a hood , I request your perusal of the following letter , written three months since by the most violent and wily obstructor of the Land Plan , and the man who has endeavoured to do it move injury than Mr . Bum Beattie of Minster . Now please to read the letter : — Deae Sib , —If you see Mr . O'Connor , please to tell him that Squire York , of Forthampton , near Tewkesbury , has employed me to draw up a plan of three-acre allotments , best mode of cropping , building , he ., he ., which I purpose to bring to Squire York , on Wednesday next I understand that heis about to put all his forms , that may be given up , of which he has a great number , into small allotments . Squire York and 1 have had two or three hours conversation on the subject . Messrs . Doyle and Cullingham kindly gave me their assistance . 1 feel assured of pleasing . Mr . O'Connor ' s _phophecj is beginning to be verified .
Yours truly , .- ¦ . _'* ? . J . _O'Bbie _:-, Schoolmaster . Reader , what think you of the sentiments of this philanthropist ? and do you not wonder how I withstood the slander , the yillany , and ingratitude of such fellows . Faithfully yours , Feargus O'Connor .
To Feargus O'Connor, Esq., M.P. Dearsik,...
TO FEARGUS O'CONNOR , ESQ ., M . P . DearSik , —I learnt _promiscously to-day that a deputation from the Parliamentary and Financial Beform Association , consisting- of Sir J . Walmsley , George Thompson , Esq ., and Mr . Atkinson , would be iu Nottingham during the present week ; not feeling satisfied with respect to the report , I set to work and learned for a positive fact tliat the Mayor had been applied to , and had granted the use ofthe Exchange-hall for the above object . Having learned this much , I deemed it my duty to call a meeting of the Chartist Council , and inform them of what I had learned . The parties getting up the meeting are keeping it very still , as yet ; the meeting wifi be held on Friday evening next , but they have not issued any bill publicly , yet , calling the meeting : we think they are doing this _, to prevent us from-sending for you . Having laid the facts of the case before
the council , they instructed me to write to you immediately , and request you to attend at the abovementioned meeting . -The council are of opinion , that the parties inlfottingham getting up the meeting , wish to exclude you from taking part in the proceedings , so as to give the public press a chance of saying that a meeting of this kind had been held by your constitutents , and that you had never been invited ; so as to make it appear to the world tbat the people of Nottingham had become disgusted with your conduct , as their representative . Such not being the case , we are very desirous you should attend the meeting , if possible , and thereby convince Our enemies that so long as you continue to discharge your duties in the praiseworthy manner you have hitherto done , we—at least—the working men of Nottingham know how to appreciate such ¦
services . - . ,, Have the kindness to write by return of post , so that we can give as much publicity as possible if you attend . I remain , ' ' ' . Yours respectfully , ' on behalf of the Chartist ' - -Council , '" ¦¦¦ - '• ' John Skerritt , Secretary . _Lewis ' s-square , Rancliffe _^ street , " Nottingham , Feb . 5 , 1850 . . ¦ 24 , Notting-hill Terrace , London . .. . _" ' ... ' . February 7 th , 1850 . Dear _Skerkiit , — - In consequence of . your letter being addressed tothe Northern Star office , and notto my residence , I did not receive it till this ( Thursday ) morning , when I beg to tell you that I fullyagree in every sentence it contains , but , nevertheless , no power of any party -will be able to shake the confidence of those who
returned me , and whose feelings and interests I trust I faithfully represent . I regret , however , that it will not be in _nily power to be present ,, as , you will learn , from the enclosed letter , that I am * to attend a consultation at seven o'clock to-morrow ( Friday ) night , with respect ?* to my action for libel against the Nottingham Journal- which it is supposed wiU be tried on Saturday ; and had it . not been , that my attendance at that consultation is indispensable , nothing would give me greater p ride or p leasure than " . to meet friend and foe upon that battle-field where my Wood has been shed , ' but . where the vigour of the people nobly . assertedits ' triumph . \ . . _\ _-7 ..
To Feargus O'Connor, Esq., M.P. Dearsik,...
; - _; ¦ :.: . l ' « s _? Ji ** i ' . - _, f _. _-.-i . _., _. -. ,- ¦ " _^** _-. _" ** " * " * " *******""* " **** " * " * " " ,,, * " »»""* _^ _# _^^^^ * ve * I : _you _* - letter I was ' made acquain * _fed-yah the " dodge , " , but the stratagem of fa _^ tioi 5 _^ haU : never : ; turn my co-operation into hostiht j _^ spvl oiig as , I _feelconvinced thatthe principles ' -of my personal opponents , if adopted , _% diild serve -the cause of the people : ' - '' _^; : " _- _^ _3 V ? .. _';; _: ' _;¦¦[ : ¦ ¦ •' . ¦ : ¦ ¦ _:, ; _- . ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ i ' y . y , . . _^ . _" _^ _e _eyW 'reliance and confidence in the brave men of Nottingham , with whom I have had so many sti u | gies , and to whom give my kindest _lote and affection ;' with , the assurance that , ere long , _I' _^ _i _^ _to . _' meet' _-ai'imiiDfilJeir native town ,.. . X ; . XX _'; . _^!' _'l ; .. . _XP F _^ thful _FjrienS . ' and Uncompromising ' : i ' ; , ; ,: ; Kepresentative , _ _„ ; _^ ¦ ¦ _¦¦' ' ;• - " / -.- ' .: : FEARGV 8 O'CONNOIt . P . S .-r-Read this oh the platform . : . ' ... _^ . ¦ r _tiM 3 S > v _^ t _:- < l . _^ . ! l' 'i : ' ' _- ; . ' ...,.. _* _ . : .
«• For A Nation To He Free , >Ti* Suffic...
_«• For a nation to he free , _> ti * sufficient that she wills It . " : _>; '; . ; xib : TH _^ _gffl : _^ ople ; ; . ; ( From the Irish trianI of February 2 nd . ) . . ¦ ' -FhIEND' _* _A _^ _niCOUNTRYMEN _" , ¦ . : : ; - _-.- . . •' In- conseque _^ cerof niy attendance " at _meet ings in-t _fi _^^^ _Englund . _; laflt _^(^ . ifrw _^ _oWftf _itifffiver t _^ _WS _^^ you appear , once ; more ; to have a sufficient number of irons in the fire / perhaps you sustained , no . . ' discippointmeiit ' ' meantime , allow me to assure' you , _. that' however any of those irons may be heated ' . or struck , you will not receive one particle of benefit from the WIELD .
I have been invited to attend the first grand demonstration ofthe Democratic party , which is now being organised for the purpose of cooling all the irons of the . several tinkers , ; and making such a furnace as will thaw and " dissolve all humbug , and for ever ; and as it is to the union , to the voice , and to the power of the veritable people alone that I look for a veritable change in their condition , all other business laid aside , I shall consider it my duty to be present at the inauguration of Ireland ' s regeneration , and her new birth unto righteousness ..
Irishmen , the old policy was ,, enlist every man who is willing to enter your ranks as a willing soldier , and drink his health in the _Botwe Water ; now . the policy . is to divide Ireland into five parties—Protectionists , Free Traders , National Alliance , Conciliation Hall , and Democracy ; and believe ; me , that if the Democrats are only true , zealoas , and energetic , the other four parties will merge into utter insignificance .
Can anything be more absurd—nay , treasonable—than the fact of one party basing its power upon an opposition to Lord Glengall and others , who nibble at Repeal ; while those who base their power upon that opposition declare Repeal to , be their darling , object ? Again , can anything he more absurd than the fact of Mr . John _O'Consell basing his opposition to the principles of the National Alliance ,. upon the grounds . that Mi * . _DuEer has spoken slightingly of the Po p e ; while the Italian people , all Catholics , as well as Mr . John O'Connell , and all eye-witnesses ofthe Pope's doings , have rebelled against him ?
And can anything be more absurd than the fact , that the Free Traders of Ireland are now being marshalled , not as-mere opponents of Protection , but as the presumed supporters of that very Government which'for years tbey have heen denouncing ? My countrymen , . although I never have despaired _^ nd _^ _i-e _^ _halH _^ such a union _bTnardy and determined L _* ish men _, as will ultimately , and for ever , overthrow the knavery of their several cunning opponents , yet you may rely upon it , that in the course of a very short time you will hear the old cry , ' - "Whoever divides the Liberal
interest is an enemy to his country . " And you may depend upon it , that the leading cuckoos in that cry will be Government toadies and . lickspittles , who will endeavour to use your presumed satisfaction , in the House of Commons , for the purpose of gaining patronage for themselves ; as the cause of battle between the , contending parties will now be Protection or Free Trade , while , if you are wise , you will contend for Free Trade in its entirety—namely , Free Trade in Legislationas the only means by which Free Trade iu corn , or anything else , can be turned to national instead of class benefit .
Could the most ingenious or subtle men in the world more fully prove the fully anticipated results from Irish agitation than Mr . John 0 ' Connell has developed in his threat to resign his seat in Parliament ? Was not the plain . _English of that threat—I anticipated the hope of being able to live comfortably upon the proceeds of a more paying profession than that of the law , namely , the profession of agitation , and from which agitation I anticipated the liberation of my country ; but now , that I anticipate greater profit from my legal than from my agitating-profession , I abandon my country ' s cause , and wrap myself in selfishness .
Irishman , you are hot to augur ill , or to anticipate defeat , or even difficulties , from such secessions ; but , on the contrary , they should inspire you with hope , as , they are purely based upon the great pact that the Irish mind can no longer be used for individual selfishness . - You . know but little of England or of England ' s power , and you know as little of England ' s weakness . England ' s power is based upon her machinery , and the control that the . griping capitalist has over labour . ; her weakness is based upon her enormous
debt , her . colonial difficulties , and the hatred of all continental _pidwers ; while her GREATEST difficult y would be a thorough union of the Irish industrial hiind . And it is to prepare you for such an union , that I beg _' . to subscribe my name as a member of the Irish Democratic . . party .. ; and U establish such a union that I shall once more be amongst my countrymen ai the proposed meeting of that body ; and then I shall subscribe something more than my voice to aid you in the accomplishment of your object , which I believe to be the regeneration of your country .
. Good God ! how it must sicken any true patriot ' s heart to read the dissension between Irish exiles in the United States ; and how it must raise the hope of those who have ever lived / upon . your disunion . I was aiware that your first labour would be to destroy the old and rotten system of Irish agitation ; but I stiU had the hope , that those who clung to the old and broken fragments would be so few and insignificant , that your new edifice would rise and tower to the admiration of the world : and I confess that what I _learii of tbe materials of which your new
Democratic Association is composed inspires me with no little hope , and animates me with no slight courage . My countrymen , it was my intention to have written you a series of letters upon tho land , and the . means of converting it to national instead of class purposes , but the pressing urgency compels me to prepare you for the coming action , as it would be nonsense to develope the value ofthe land without first preparing ' you with the means to acquire it ; and the- principal object tbat _Ilmye in now addressing you is to caution' you against the old * -DODa _**—namely , that you should not be again . enlisted _; to struggle _nbqativblt against the
«• For A Nation To He Free , >Ti* Suffic...
influence , of the opponents of tho ; Government , but affirmatively for the _accomplishmeiit of your own rights . ' '" - '"" .. _" ' "'" ' ' '"' " : ' " '" ¦ ""•'• ' _¦ ' - - : _' . ~" " You know the old saying , when' * ' rogiies'fall oiit , honest men conie hy their own ; _'Vaha _* youk & 6 w'fuil well that-all the rogues , who live and fatten upon your labour and subserviency ) have now fallen out ; and you oughtto " . know , tbat " , if you are , not used by the rogues , you will come by your own . _. _Iani writing to you on Tuesday , _ariifj therefore , am not aware of the ' result of the Free Trade gathering ; hut you may rely _^ pon it that it has received , not only the countenance ofthe tiie _GioLEn-General oF ' _lREriAJiii _/ but also'df the British Government , and that your independent member , the Worshipful _Xord ¦ Mayor , ' will . trumpet it in the House of Commons , as the strongest proof of Irish confidence m the WhiGovernment . . „ ... - . _~ ...
g Now , my countrymen , if such a meeting was culled lor the purpose of passing censure upon the ¦ jovernment , and however beneficial its results might bo , to the country , it would either be put i 1 by _„ Proolam '" tion ; or it would * be surrounded by the < 3 A 0 LER-GENERAt _and _-his _tjtaff ;< All rows that tako . pla , ce at _Protectiohist _meeTings are _Jatided and luxuriated in by the _EreBS ; _-. while , , during the Freo ; _-Trade ; , agitation , if any _Ohartist undertook to W _^ k i _- ' i _9 B ? gH ? n f a » ' _) y' and temperately , and ° M _^ _9 _» ° PP _^ % _P > but'fair ; _discussioh ,. _^^ the police _^ _Jit _P / _Mf-i _inMewiis _/ hurledfro _& th & plafform ' _^ _o'PI _^^^^ _Sl * - _^ _JtnercM _^*^ 6 _PHu _^ 6 ii-: _Ki-fn ; - 1 i V * * n _bltM _^ i _^ f _^ through the furious _^ rce Traders , and Svas denounced , by the press aa , a _CnARiisr ru ? fian , an
INTRUDER , AND REVOLUTIONIST . Now , this will show you the difficulties -against which men who advocate the true cause of demo--craoy , havejto contend , while , nothing despairing , and still unintimidated , I rely upon the growing mind of Ireland to trample upon the tyranny-of despots and the rascality of the press . _ In my invitation to be present at the inaugural Democratic meeting , I am requested to invite some ofthe popular English leaders , to accompany me ; and I shall have the more pleasure in complying with this request , in order to convince my countrymen , of the injustice , of the slander and denunciation to which those talented men liave been
subjected ; and I do hope that their introduction to their Irish fellow working-men , all rowing in the same boat , will be the means of cementing snch a union between Celtarid Saxon , asnoGorernmontoan destroy , no artful dodger can weaken ;; as , rely upon it , that upon the . union of the people of both countries , and -upon that alone , the liberties of both countries can be securely based . Your faithful friend mi countryman , Feargus O ' Connor . , P . S . —To _showyou thatlshall not appear at your meeting as an intruder , I present you with the following invitation . —P . O'C .
Irish Democratic Assoeiation , Anglesey Buildings , 38 ,, Lower Abbey-street , Dublin . Sib , —lam directed by the Committee of the Irish Democratic Association to inform ybnthut an aggregate meeting ofthefr body <¦•••' be held on an-early day . Knowing the deserved influence which your-position necessarily gives you , they deem it of the greatest importance to secure your attendance , if possible , at that meeting , in order that you may have an opportunity of explaining to the . Irish people those sound political principles ivhich have tended to enlighten our . English neighbours . Hoping that it will suit your convenience to send an answer in tbe affirmative , and anxiously awaiting your reply . ' . : ¦ _- ..... . _,.-.... .
I have the honour to be , sir , your , devoted servant , Andkew English , ' Secretary To Feargus O ' Connor , Esq ; . M . P .
: Iiiv Parliamentary Reform In Aberdeen....
: iiiV PARLIAMENTARY REFORM IN ABERDEEN . VISIT OF , G .. W . M . REYNOLDS ,. - SB ** ! . '' . .. A crowded intelligent and enthusiastic meeting was held in Bon-Accord Hall on Monday night , to receive an address from G . W . M . Reynolds , Esq ., in favour of constitutional reform . The large hall was well filled before the hour ofineeting , and was densely packed during the whole proceedings . Mr . Reynolds , who appeared on the platform , accompanied by his lady , was loudly cheered on making his appearance . Mr .. George Smart was by acclamation called to the chair . ¦ : The Chairman - returned thanks for , the . honour which had been conferred upon him . The subject upon , which the _speakefs _^ ej _» i to' address the meetihg" _^ W _!^ 8 e '' ond to none ' _ihiiri p 1 irtahcV . "' ' * H e' 1 ' " a " e applied his mind , though a working man , to this
subject for the last eight ov ten years , and had been daily more and more convinced , that unless working men . proceeded to demand reform , based upon sound principles , their condition must become worse and worse . ( Loud . cheers . ) Mr . David Wrioiit moved the first resolution . — " The downward tendency of the affairs of the country was evident from the decline which had taken place in the remuneration for labour . ( Hear . ) It was further evident in the appalling increase of pauperism , and in the amount of social degradation and wretchedness which prevailed _throughout the country . " Mr . Wright procecded . to point out the anomalous inequalities of the representative system , and the gross corruption which prevailed in the
Financial department of , government , and which was well and emphatically indicated by the declaration of Mr . W . Chambers , ¦¦ That the financial concerns of the country were conducted in such a mysterious and unbusiness liko manner , that it was impossible for any human being to understand them . " ( Loud applause . ) ' It had been urged by their city member ( Captain Fordyce , ) that the People's Charter would give a preponderance of influence to tho working mini . But , did they ever hear of any one gjudginj a preponderance of labour to the working _manl And if a working man could manage affairs of vital importance _, to himself , if he could vote for a minister to attend to his soul , waa he not also fit to vote for a representative in
parliament ? ( Applause . ) And had not the working man a preponderance of taxation on his shoulders ? Mr . Wright concluded an eloquent , and loudly applauded speech , by prop 6 sing the following resolution .: — " That in the opinion of this meeting , the alarming * ind downward tendency of the labouring and general commercial interests of . the united kingdom , is the result of the present unjust and unequal system of representation , promoting as it does , the corrupt interests of a small faction , at the expense of the people at large ; and that this meeting expresses its deliberate conviction , that the only safe , effectual , and permanent remedy for this state of affairs , is such a change in our representative system a 3 will place the House of Commons under the direct
control of the nation , by the admittal of the entire male adult population within the pale of the electoral franchise , under , the plan laid down in the document entitled the People ' s Charter . . Mr . John Bbaik seconded the motion , which was put by the Chairman , and carried unanimously . Mr . William Lyndsey moved the second resolution . He had never met a working man who after calm eonsidmtion . did not admit the perfect justice and fairness of tho principles of the Charter ; but it was not _sufSoient to the convinced of the truth of these principles—they must , be carried into effect . He would not throw obstacles in the way of any
mu'ty that might be agitating for a less measure of reform , but all who considered that the Charter contained only a _necessiry measure of reform , were at the same time bound to agitate for it . ( Applause . ) Mi * . Lyndsey , in conclusion , moved the following resolution : — " That in order to make effectual the demand for the People's Charter , it is necessary that the friends of that measure should forthwith form themselves into an association for that purpose ; and that this meeting therefore earnestly calls upon—especially the working classes—the unrepresented masses of . the United Kingdom , to job the National Charter Association , as organised at the late Metropolitan Chartist Conference . "
Mr . Arch . _Macdonald seconded the resolution . The principles of the Charter had been in part con * tended for since tho first dawn of civilisation , though it could not be expected that they should have reached the same maturity in ancient Greece or Rome as in this countr */ , with an enlightened press , and such noble advocates of reform as thoir friend Mr . Reynolds . ( Loud applause . ) In every page of the Bible these principles were inscribed . That book told them that God had made of one blood all nations Of men upon the earth , and that all things were given to man for his enjoyment . But class legislation , had uprooted and reversed the Jaws of Heaven , and trampled upon common hximanity . ( Loud applause . ) He was , however , as anxious as
anyone present to hear Mr . Reynolds , and would not detain the meeting . The CnAms-AN then called upon Mr . _Unrxotns , who stood forward amidst a storm of applause . After apologising for his having been rather late , owing to his having lost his passage once or twice on his way , Mr . Reynolds returned thanks for the very cordial reception which he had just met , and which he considered to be more than a reward for any trouble which his journey north might have cost him . He knew well thb merits of the working _manj and sympathised deeply with him , under his privations . Whilo labouring in' the cause of the workine man ; he had reaped no reward and had
: Iiiv Parliamentary Reform In Aberdeen....
sought none It was , to _« _Tiim , sufficient satisfaction thathe had contributed his mite on behalf of the _opprtimi _^ M m _^ _woto originally / on . equal mr- cumstances , - and > why , was it that now , the bulk of their _fellowriie'ri were" robbed of their natural rightthe franchise ? It could . only ; be by iniquitous tyranny . The result of the imperfect representation of the " county in parliament % as evident , ' in the ' fact that they found the _iiistitntions of the barbarous middle ages still existing , and > taij d ' ng out in glarr ing ; contra 8 t with the enlightenment of the . ' present day . . And it was preposterous to expect the House of Commons to' reform itself without a vigorous ' pressure from without . The theory of the British constitution was that the country is governed by Rings , Lords , and Commons . But it was found that the _aristocracyj who were of course sole rulers in the House of Lords , had also largely encroached upon the prerogatives , and _ri-rhts of tho nmwn nml thDuffh * yion act _ous ' ai ? ant _ase ms _ish sought none It was , _toWiim , sufficient satisfactioh thathe _^ had contributed his mite on behalf of the _opprasigedr-Air-iB _^ fl _^ cumstances , ; andr , why , was , iti that-nqw ., the bulk of
' •<* _d _* d not . lament the abridgement ' of the rights I• , ° * oyiu > hc thoueht that anything taken from ' it should be given , not to a tyranical , indolent / and bloated aristocracy , but to the people . Tbe ' _ariitoci'acy had also managed io engross the House of Commons itself , as well as the Army , Navy , Church / and other appointments , and they could , throughthe House of Commons , put their , hands iuto the pockets ofthe people , and help themselves to whatever they wanted , so thatthe property and interests of the country were entirely at thwr mercy . And who were these aristocrats?—cither . descendants ' of that ruffian WiUiam the Conqueror , br descendants of gay ladies who prostituted themselves toCliarlcs II .- ; these were the individuals , who- ' with a face of brass , arid-a" heart of iron , set themselves _.-igainsf nil reform , and whom it was therefore tho duty of io- be it- _M nd ist
Ithe people effectu ' _ally _. to knock down . The Queen ' s speech , delivered the other day , gave out , tliat the country . was in a very favourable state . _Jfo « _-, they had alread y heard , that upwards ' of a million of paupers existed in England ; and he kiiew for a fact , that on last _Chistinas day , one 'hundred thousand persons in London alone were dependent upon charity for their Christmas dinner , while the poor labourers in the agricultural districts , were starv-i ing on five or six shillings a week : many of the _miil-hands in the manufacturing .. towns were but ; half employed , and the most deplorable ; ignoraiice , , ' ( . wretchedness , and demoralisation . prevailed . But oTa government _llfmed to'the . 'teeth , and' ready to mow them ' down the _moment- 'they attempted to show an hostile attitude ? He did not nienri to _en - i ' s s
courage any attempt at violence . He believed that in ; the " . English constitution , bad as it-was , there existed elements of freedom sufficient to aocom * plishtheir purposes . One of the great principles which he held _withrespecfc to land , was , that evei _* y one . who needed sustenance out of it , should have that , sustenance before any other man should have more than sustenance , and that the industrious should be well fed before any one could be permitted to eat the bread of idleness , ; but this regulation had been reversed « nder the present system .. Mr . Reynolds . then took up in detail the different points of the People ' s Charter . . Why had the supporters of that document been vilified and abused ?—simply because the aristocracy constantly strove to throw scandal upon those who were devoting themselves
to the work of dragging the people out of the mire . It is said , that the mass of the people could not be entrusted with the franchise , owing to their ignorance ; but it was the intelligence of the people that was in reality feared . Whether did the occupation and works of . the aristocracy , or ofthe working man , .. produce * " more to benefit society ami to prove intelligence ? Everything for convenience , comfort , and luxury , was furnished by tho working man ; and if the working classes were ignorant , what had those who threw their ignorance in their teeth done to enlighten them ? On the continent , in several quarters , the people last year were for some time , in possession , or full powers : and was their conduct such as the opponents of universal suffrage would have predicted ?—were they not on the
contrary , everywhere great , generous , and magnanimous ?—Yes ; too magnanimous in . some cases , for they allowed the aristocrats again to assumo power _,, and what was the policy which was immediately adopted?—they lacerated and scourged women ,-slaughtered children , filled their dungeons , aud seat hundreds to the scaffold . . A " party of order , " as it was called , " arose to complete the ruin of the cause of liberty . Let the friends of reform see to it , that no such party of order arise in this country . The government and parliament told the people Of Britain , that they were free—yes , they wer 6 free to set off to work very eariy in the morning , and to continue very late at night , to take small wages for much work , to give the aristocracy everything , and to retain nothing ; and then the press and the
aristocracy would laud their condition as '' free born Britons ' , the greatest people' on the face of the earth , " < fec . They were also told of the immense extent of the British empire ; but what was this to the' working _vnan 1—the colonies were _, nothing . else than a series of lucrative sinecure post 3 for the scions of the aristocracy to be \ paid by taxes wrung from working men Ano-. thei * principle of the Charter was the . ' ballot , which would be required to' g ive the" working ' man protection after he had obtained _Uriiveral Suffrage . It was objected that the Ballot was _un-Enljpfi _^ _air' 4 _' _^^^ But the plea , especially coming from the aristb * -. cracy , which imported French millinery , cookery servants , he ., nnd which upheld the system of
flogging soldiers—were any of these measures decidedly English I Again , at present many persons speculated largely in borough seats in parliament . Therewere 656 members returned to the HouseV of Commons , and at any general election there were about . 1 , 000 candidates . It had been calculated that the cost of the entire constituency averaged a pound per head—not that every elector's vote was purchaseable , but reckoning tho sum paid for purchased v 6 _tes alone . The expense of contesting these elections was about two millions of pounds . ' But the investment—costly as it appeared to bewas one of the best that a man could put his money into' considering the numerous pensions and places and honours that might be obtained—particularly by those who thought fit to vote with government . It was with the working classes that the hopes of the Reform Movement lay , for it was evident that
the middle classes did not want to do away with the House of Lords ; indeed , they were interested in upholding the aristocracy , as they might expect to fill posts in it themselves . Mr . Reynolds then dwelt at length , and with striking effect , on the absurdity of the Property Qualification , and rebuked the disposition to worship money , which ( he said ) . prevailed even -amongst the working classes themselves ; and he concluded an eloquent and repeatedly cheered speech of nearly two hours' duration—of which the above is necessarily a very imperfect sketch—by appealing to the working men of Aberdeen , as they valued their own rights , the rights of their families , and of their fellow men—to lend "themselves honestly and earnestly to the movement . Mr . Reynolds sat down amidst loud and long-continued cheering , which had repeatedly interrupted him during his address .
Mr . John Smabt moved the following resolution , which ( he said ) required no remark or recommendation of his : — " That this meeting returns its most cordial thanks to G . W , M . Reynolds , _Esqi , forthe straightforward and able manner in which he advocates the works of labour in his writings , and also for struggling so zealously for its emancipation _; while grappling with tyrannj before the public on the platform ; but , in particular this meeting would beg most respectfully to thank him and his lady for their kind and generous visit to this city—solely undertaken at their own expense—to promote the cause , of freedom , and the elevation of the human race . "
The motion was carried amidst rapturous cheering . A cordial rote of thanks was passed to the chair " man , and three times three ' . cheers having been " given for Mr . Reynolds and the Charter , the large assemblage dispersed .
Tyact Arous Larr House By That The Ithe ...
-- ' .. _***•* » \ , \ r \ A k \ . _^*** 4 \\ V pOO _» - _NS-Jm _^ V fV * V \ \ V _^^ _J _\*\\ IVV _^ _fiT _^ | . V - % JA-
On Tuesday Evening A Supper Was Given At...
On Tuesday evening a supper was given at the Caledonian Hotel , in honour of the visit of Mr . and Mrs . Reynolds to Aberdeen . The festival was served up in excellent style , and * presented all the succulent substantialities of area ! Scotch supper . Mr . Lyon presided ; and amongst those who , spoke to the various sentiments proposed , were Messrs . D . Wright , Smart , Branik , Lindsoy , Alexander M'Donald , his ., he . The sentiments were of the usual appropriate nature , The healths of Mr . _ and Mrs . Reynolds were drunk with "tliree times three , " as was that of Mr . Feargus O'Connor ,
M . P . Mr . Reynolds returned thanks for himseli and Mrs . Reynolds , and likewise for his absent friend Mr . O ' Connor , whose unwearied , honest , and staunch patriotism , he eulogised in a manner which elicited immense applause . Sentiments in honour ofthe ¦¦ imprisoned exiled victims ; " "the Red Republicans of France ; " " the rights of the peoplo ;"• " the Democratic press ;" ¦ nnd other appropriate subjects , were duly proposed ; and .. . the assembly broke up at about one in the morning ; the whole proceedings having been conducted to' the entire satisfaction of all present . - _,
To Dbivb Away Bats.—Get A Paper Bag Full...
To Dbivb away Bats . —Get a paper bag full , of human hair from a barber's shop , and stuff the rat holes with it ; they will never appear there again . — _Communicated to the Gardenesr' Chronicle . . In anticipation ofthe intended reduction in the army which is about to take place , several recreating parties have been called in , particularly those eoiinected with the reserve battalions .. Weight op thr Human _. Brain . —The brain , ef Cuvier weighed 64 J ounces ; this was the largest ; on record . That of Dr . Abercrombie was 63 . ounces ; that of Dupuytren , a celebrated surgeon of FranVe , & 3 J ; Dr . Chalmers , 53 ( skull very thick ); Sir Walter Scott , not large , perhaps , averago , but not weighed ; Lord Byron , 58 ouncesi
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Feb. 9, 1850, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_09021850/page/1/
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