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It: It^-j SP, TOTJ STiSD-DIYIDED, YOU F1IJp JO THFVOBKIN^ CLOSES.
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* *-%? "pBIESBS, - -- .'. ., . *Were is ...
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( AND ilriONAL TRlDES' JOURNAL. I - ,\r....
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: ; L( E y i yol. an. p . 646. r g^ iiro...
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Death of a Rebel CmEF.—The WXkmexj Ifode...
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[RISH BEMOCRATIC ASSOCIATION. An aggrega...
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THE MINERS OF THE NORTH. Sir)-—The miner...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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It: It^-J Sp, Totj Stisd-Diyided, You F1ijp Jo Thfvobkin^ Closes.
It : It _^ _-j _SP _, _TOTJ STiSD-DIYIDED _, YOU F 1 _IJp JO _THFVOBKIN _^ _CLOSES .
* *-%? "Pbiesbs, - -- .'. ., . *Were Is ...
* * - % _? _"pBIESBS , - _-- . _' . ., . * Were is an old and a true _espng , .-that P -nLe was not built in a day . ; _* _*^ and * it is - _dfris * xae that prejudices cannot "be _dis-•^ _Sj in a day _*& _
_\*^ Z of the worimg-class mind ; _ni OLD _--TREIiAND * -. / _.: . .. . _ _[*^ _r ou are aware , tbat _' so long as patronage . _-jjged on Irish BU _* bs 6 rvi 6 ncy , _; no' working _*^ d ared to present himself at a public _meet-^ _gscep tfor the purpose of handing into _* _f _fa-jhequer the pence out of wMch he had * _XdLED HIS POOR C 035 FIDINGDUPES ; d lien , if he accompanied the gift -with a f voids of sympathy , Ms _ADORABLE _^ _gh "was to - be entered in the _minutes--jjwi the other nand , if a true and ahcere _Jtfioi ventured to express his sentiments , and
h _jhose sentiments difiered from the materials j _Tflich _thie national mind Was-, te be com-J _^ _, HE WAS . AN ENEMY TO HIS _^ 0 _U _2 f TRY , and was scouted " , or perhaps bruf oily dragged , fiom the platform .. "Now , so long _Xjbis system was allowed to continue , hqwyin _Agname of fete , could justice have been pror _^ d for the working classes ?—and so long as _* e British _Minister based his power , iis office , and his strength , up on the disunion , _systema'JLiw nnd artftillv fostered by _m _ct " , * iaean _^; _^^^^^• l _^ l' _/^^ _Z _^ M _^ _lh ! _th ' _mr « rrW _fc to _wieir _oww j
. . _^' sHghtes _^ nstice Demg _aone « ot thanks be to God , the phantom has ? _arished , the Irish people haTe come to their _, & tses and you may imagine my . joy , _£ S an San , andasanENGLISH CHARTIST , at the strong manifestation of the veritable popular mind which I witnessed in Dublin on Tuesday last . -I never saw a more splendid gathering of the middle and working classesloth unhang , and both taking an enthusiastic part in the proceedings . The large building _^ _as crowded to _suflbcation , and the most perfect harmony prevailed .
Tou will see a very fair and accurate report in the " Star , " copied from the " Freeman ' s Journal , " and you will find a verbatim report of tiie whole proceedings in the next number 0 f the '' Irishman ; " and bear in mind , that Bo Eng lish newspaper would devote so much cf its space to a democratic meeting . I shall not be led away from my subject by _Tgnitv , while I may truly say , that during tie palmy days of Chartist enthusiasm and excitement , I never experienced such a recep-¦ _jsnjno small satisfaction to me , and I hope
_toyou , when you recollect that the LIBEBATOR asserted that I should be DUCKED inthe LIFFEY , if ever I showed my face in _Dnblin . I _"was ducked , and well-ducked too , but it was not in the Liffey , but in Irish sweat , created in my Irish blood by Irish enthusiasm . lPGimH and Clabk were equally well-re-« _aTed , and , in the opinion of all , made splendid speeches . We had delegates from Kilkenny , and other parts of Ireland , and instructions and letters -srere read irom Stockport , "Wigan , and Other parts of England , and parts of Scotland , and long lists of * _oanie 3 from all parts , giving in their adhesion , and promising their
co-operation . _Sow , Englishmen , out of this NEST EGG , must spring a regular GAME COCK movement As soon as both countries are prepared , we must elect delegates from England , Ireland , and Scotland , to attend a national conference , which should be held in Dublin , in order that the Irish people should have all their English prejudices dispelled , and from snch au union must spring national _independent On Sunday night I attended a meeting at Manchester . The Hall was crowded to
suffocation , and a more noble feeling I never witnessed— _= and a more cordial reception I never received * ; of course you will understand that everv speech was npon the " CHARTER AXD NO SURRENDER . " James Leach , M'Ghath , Clabk , Mr . Roberts , and yonr hr anble servant , were the speakers ; and a subscription was made to defray Leach's expenses to Ireland , as a delegate from Manchester , but , I regret to say , that , in consequence of his wife ' s indisposition , he was unable to attend . Englishmen , when you read the report , extracted from the Freeman , you wfll wonder not a little that I should have se successfully contended against all opposition ' ,
and that I should have lived down prejudice in my native country , -where I had no opportunity of defending myself , and where , for sixteen years , I have been denounced by every newspaper , and every popular leader . On 3 _Tondayweek I shall be at Halifax , on Tuesday ai Sheffield , and then I shall appoint an early day to meet Bradshaw , at Nottingham ; and shall proceed on my new tour of Chartist agitation ; and , then Iwifl again -visit FATHERLAND , to create a thorough union between the English and the Irish mind ; as , come what may , and however apathetic your order may lie , I am resolved that justice shall be done to yonr order , _noi-withstandiqgthe perpetual injustice to which yon have subjected me . But
AS THE CAUSE OF JUSTICE IS THE CAUSE OF GOB , I "WILL , IF POSSIBLE , LEAVE THE WORLD BETTER THAN I FOUND IT . SO HURRAH ! FOR THE GUARD _"SATIOXAL _EXIOX , NONE SHALL DARE TO MAKE U 6 AFRAID !
THE PEOPLE'S CHARTER , AXD " NO SURRENDER !" Tour Faithful Friend and Advocate , Feargus _O'Coio _tob
( And Ilrional Trldes' Journal. I - ,\R....
AND _ilriONAL TRlDES' JOURNAL . . ,
: ; L( E Y I Yol. An. P . 646. R G^ Iiro...
; yol . an . p . 646 . r _g _^ L ( _iiroqiit _^ E ,,. _^;^^^ _r _^~^ 1 !! _? ¦ ¦ _¦ ¦ " : _' - ¦ * :. . ¦ . ! . _' ¦
Death Of A Rebel Cmef.—The Wxkmexj Ifode...
Death of a Rebel CmEF . —The WXkmexj Ifodera _fci-says :- —•* ¦ "We hare to record the demise of Mr . Thomas Cloney , of Graigue , in this county , better Known to the public as General Cloney , ' which event took place on Friday week , in the seventy-SKth year of his age . The General was born in _]> il , and was in his 24 th year when theinsurrection "f ! _"T 83 broke out , in which he took an active part , o ommandiiig a brigade of the insurgent army in _*«> st of their _sonthern engagements , and tearing _be-™* a , in his well-known ' Personal _Xarrative , * an _Resting account of his adventures « b y flood and •"• eld at that eventful period . Since ' 9 S the rebel _"" _¦ _¦ " ei remained in private life , except that he oc-« s « mall y emerged to lead a tody of * Graisme _flJHei
_-s at the monster gatherings of the ' Libera-«* , the _last _** occasion of his marshalling his forces "J ** the' pride , pomp , and circumstance' of a Re-Peal procession and dinner , being the banquet given t 0 ' the martyrs' in this city , in 1815 . Mr . Cloney _Soieral ' y esteemed during a long life for many _*"* niaMe and social qualities , and his remains were " "Posited on Sunday last in the cemetery of St . " nlline , by a large following of friends , com-Wiots , " aud sympathisers . " Bhias EoEoiaME * 3 _Habt . —It is well known that _** great monarch Brian Boroihme was killed at the _kttle of _Clonfarf , A . D . 1014 . He left his son ?{' " ) " & his harp ; but Donah having murdered his _" _^ _wTeigejand . being deposed by Ma nephew , _"^ ared to Rome , and carried with him the crown ,
_rjjf . and other regalia of his father . These _^" ¦ a were kept in the Vatican till Pope Clement _^ . _" _yuieharp to Henry TILL , bnt kept the crown , ! _" »«& Tas massive gold . Henry gave the harp to ! ~ . **•• _" _* Earl of ClanriCarde , in whose family it _re-^ _fM nnta the beginning of the eighteenth ccnr ., _* - ' . _*" it came by a lady of the Dc Burgh _Cn t ° thst of : u _" : Mah 01 ' Glenagh , in the i _*" ? f Clare , after whose death it came into the Jot _^ ' ? 1 * _*" _' ¦ " Counsellor "Macnamara of Limerick . _lia _^ r _*' _* _- "" presented to the Right Hon . "Wil-, _tony ngham , who deposited it in Trinity _Golfc elir r * " _wliere Jt now ' is * Ifc b thn _* _f- Jn _* _-im , _p ?» " t * ° _f good workmanship ; the _sound-^ Sf of oak ' " tbearms ofred _*** % ; theex-*' _" lia ! * _"l _" uppermost arm in part is capped a W ; _£ ' * ffe 11 " - " -ought and chiselled . It contains _•*»« _W c * Sta _^ sefc m silver , and -under it was £ r 5 ton _^ now lost . _—T _. _piiirary FrecFrm .
[Rish Bemocratic Association. An Aggrega...
[ RISH BEMOCRATIC ASSOCIATION . An aggregate meeting of this body was held on Tuesday night in the Music Hall , Lower Abboy _? street . ' The attendance was very numerous— -every part of the building was densely crowded , and a number of ladies occupied- seats in the galleries Among those present on the platform were : —Walter Meyler , John Brennan , Castlecomber ; Pierce Butler , Castlecomber ; Thomas Mooney , J . E . O'Donoghoe , P . _O'Higgins , W . Connor , Feargus O'Connor , M . P . ; W . Reany _. P . Moran , C . E ; Bernard Fullam _, A . English , Richard Dowse , N . H . Delamarr-i , Michael Jilay , C . Ferris , 3 . Doyle , J . Piunkety "ML Foley , 4 c , & c . Au inspector and another member" of the metropolitan police _were present .. : __^ _" _^ _r *** ""**** _" *""**** _'******** " . _.-.
At eight o ' clock , on the motion of . Mr . Dons , seconded by . "Mr . Fkhbis , the chair was taken by Mr . Thomas- Graham , who said , that ais one ofthe people , he felt pride and . pleasure at being called upon to preside at the first public meeting of the _Demer cratic : Association , and that feeling was enhanced by the conviotion that they were not there in the compromise of any principle . ( Hear , hear . ) They would not make a compromise for the miserable end of endeavouring to get men of rank or property to join tbem—men who "upheld the rights of property without , considering , or practising the rule that pro _^ _erjhLbgd-itB _; duties as well as , its rights . _^ MOOT _^ u _**^^ l ve _^ u _^ ises ' that the path'they had chosen was strewn with flowers , or was easily trodden ; they did not hold out that it was only necessary now and then to attend a public meeting ,
to sign petitions to parliament , which thought as much of their petitions as it did about their countrymen who were starved in Kilrush or Skibbereen . —{ hear , hear " ]—or to sit till midnight in People ' s Institutes poring over the history of Ireland ' s bygone patriots , without being taught the necessity of imitating their actions . ( Hear , hear . ) Such was not the path they had chosen , or invited others to tread in . Xo , it was one of roughness and labour . They would ask the assistance of one who would assist them when they were right ; and with the aid of their own free , unshackled , and unprejudiced minds , which they had too long given , to the keeping and guidance of others , but the faculties of which he hoped the democrats of the nation would in future exercise freely and independently , they would ultimately succeed triumphantly in their object . ( Cheers . ) As truth was to be their motto , they shonld take the opportunity of that public meeting to express their sympathy for the men who were suffering for having spoken A _^ J _fa _XuaXTu / fll . AA * . n \ * _V . l _M . n * Il _MMM . _VT-A .. 1 / 1 ... lit uuttia until tuuenuuiu
UOOS _Lruiu . _( _- _--.- _jxv . < _juii > the ranks ofthe association on that account , or tell them tbat he would not endanger himself or his property by any expression of sympathy m the prin ciples of John Mitchel . ( Loud cheers . ) The * f never would , for any object , make truth subservient to expediency ; for the first time they were assembled under their own true colours—the banner of democracy . The name was new to many , and some did not understand it ; but we would refer them to the barricades of Paris , in attestation of theworth , virtue , and bravery ofthe democracy ; he would refer to the hard fought fields of Hungary and to the gallant struggle made for liberty by the people of Milan and Venice , to show what democracy was capable of doing . ( Hear , hear . ) It might be said they had no such deeds to boast of ; but let them , the men of no property , enrol themselves under the banner of democracy , which they then unfurled to the gaze of the world , and Invite the tyrant to pull it down . ( Loud cheers . )—[ A person in the gallery here called for a cheer for John Mitchel , which was heartily
responded to . ] The Secretabt read letters from G . * W . M . "Reynolds , and others apologising for their inability to attend the meeting , and expressing . concurrence in its object . He also read addresses from a branch ef the association in Cork , and letters , from Carlo ** - , Wigan , Glasgow , and other places , encouraging the association , and promising co-operation . He said that a deputation from . . Kilkenny were present , and that London was represented by Mr . Feargus O'Connor . Jf . P . ; Mr .. Clark , and Mr , M'Grath . ( Cheers . ) A number of persons resident in Carlew , Cork , Glasgow , & c ., were then proposed and enrolled members -ofthe Democratic Association . Mr . Whitb , of "Elkehny _, one of a deputation , moved the admission of three hundred members from that city , which was seconded by Mr . Dillon , and carried unanimously .
The Secbetart then read the list of Dublin members who desired to be admitted that evening , and who being moved and seconded , The Chaibmas put the question' for their admission , which was loudly responded to in the affirmative . —[ A Voice : A cheer for John Mitchel . ] ( Loud cheers . )—[ A Voice : A cheer for John O'Conneil , ] ( This was received with loud hisses and partial _ctip-firs I TheSECKETABT then read the objects and rules of the association , as follows : —
OBJECTS OF TEE IBISH DEMOCRATIC ASSOCIATKW . 1 st The elevation of the character and condition of the working classes , so that our artisans may understand their true value ; and the tiller ofthe scil , on which aU are dependent , has just and indefeasible claim to lire happily on the land he has made productive by the sweat of his brow . 2 nd . To inculcate the necessity of ereiy Irishman encou raging native manufacture , and to lay down a plan for the revival of Irish trade . 3 rd . Convinced from past experience that the rights and interests of the people have been totally neglected by our representatives , we deem it an imperative duty to tram the democracy of tiiis country into Ml and complete knowledge of their power , the position they occupy , and the position they are entitled to ocenpy ; and to impress upon them the necessity of untiring exertion for the complete and entire restoration of those social and political privileges they have been unjustly deprived of .
_ith . That in consequence of the great discouragement given to Irish <* enius in arts and sciences , the development of Irish talent , and diffusion of a national literature , will be a primary object of this association . 5 th . To secure the earnest and powerful co-operation of all _existing democratic institutions , whose aims and intentions may be identical with those of this associationnamely , the _recogniiicn and just appreciation ofthe rights of labour , and the overthrow of a heartless and useless oligarchy . . 6 th . The union ofthe democracy of every creed—to do which we deem it of vital importance to protect every denomination of Christian worship—to respect every man for Ids conscientious opinions , and the free expression of the faith that is within him ; and owing to the enmity
hitherto subsisting between the Catholic and democracies of Ireland , which has been engendered and encouraged by onr rulers , for the maintenance of English dominion in this country , it will be the particular object of this association to encourage and establish a good feeling between , aad to hold out the i % ht hand ot _fellowshi p to , the Protestant democracy of Ireland ; and as this association will labour to break down the barriers of religious prejudice—to uproot sectarian animosity , and to scout and overthrow all ascendancy of creed—it Will ask the co-opera tion of every Irish-born man in establishing the independence of his native land . 7 th . Fully sympathising with the sufferings of our Irish martyrs , we deem it of importance to hold them in grateful remembrance so long as they are expatriated under British law .
EHLE 3 OF THE IRISH _DEMOCBATIC ASSOCIATION . 1 st . That the society be styled "The Irish Democratic Association . " 2 nd . That the business of the association shall be conducted by a general committee , withpoiver to make byelaws , consisting of twenty-one members ( exclusive _« f secretary and treasurer , ) five to form a quorum , to be chosen by ballot at a public meeting ofthe members , wliich committee shall hold office for tliree months , at the end of which time ten of the above will retire , to be replaced by ballot , 3 rd . The association shall be open to all men of sterling manly democratic principles ; theproposer and seconder of each new member must pledge themselves fgr his integrity , _refolutioD , and devotion to fatherland .
4 tb . Ko person will be admitted a member of the associa tion , save by tlie vote of a weekly meeting , and no member can be expelled therefrom save by a similar vote , taken on the proposition of the general committee , who shall give the individual concerned a fortnight ' s notice of their intention to propose his expulr _JiSJind their reasons therefore . 5 th . The association se , _biold weekly meetings for the transaction of its busin _'*^; Viz ., the enrolment ol members , receiving reports from ' _- _*? omittees , sub-committees , 4 a , and attending to snch matters as may , from time to time , be brought before tlieir notice . Cth . The rooms of the association will be open even evening during the week , from seven o ' clock , p . m ., to eleven o ' clock p . m ., and will be supplied with sueh books pamphlets , and newspapers , as the committee may deem advisable . 7 th . Aquarterly meeting shall be held for the purpose of receiving the report of the outgoing general committee of electing their successors , and of making any alterations that may be re * mired in the fundamental rules .
8 th . ICone but actual members ofthe _assoiiation or persons introduced _^ for mrolment , shall he admitted ' to any lecture or meeting , or to the reading room , upon any pretext whatsoever , sate such persons as may claim a legal right to intrude _tliemsclves . 9 th . Subscriptions to defray the expenses of the association , reading-rooms , 4 c , and other incidental charges , will be expected from each member—payments not to be less than one penny weekly . 10 th . Lectures on general literature , history , politics , and scientific subjects , shall be delivered by such of the members , and others , as may be competent for tliat task , as frequently as shall be found convenient , tlie lecturer to be chosen by the general committee of the association . llih . A chairman shall be provided for each night of weeldy and quarterly meeting by tlie general committee ; all votes at these meetings to be taken by tellers appointed by the chairman . 12 tlu That the finances of this association shall be managed by a committee appointed for that purpose no pay-
[Rish Bemocratic Association. An Aggrega...
nients to be made by the treasurer without' an order froin the committee , signed by the chairman- _^ nd two . members of thesame ; the accounts to be audited and laid before the members at the first public meeting in ' each * month . _,-: ¦ COUNSEL ' S OPINION ? . '''"•"• _SvV-t . . * : 1 ¦ I have read the papers Nos . 1 and 2 ,-the first expressing the objects _^ and the second containing the rules , and I see nothing in either of them of an-lllegal character . "' - ' ¦ ' ' Gebatj _) FrrzoiBBON . 4 th _Januaty , 1850 . _^ -: . Mr . James Dotlu then came _* forward to propose the first resolution , and said lie Vj _^ g lad to find such an assembly there th ' al ' _ajflSt . That great and influential meeting of the , tfuthful . ' democracy —( A Toice : "Hurrah for _GaVan _^ Duflfy !"—loud and long-continued hisses)— i tfiat *" _t 8 eeting , composed of . the . oohe , sinew , and honesty" of ; theland , would speak trumpet-tongucd to -the enemies of Ireland . ¦ . ¦ . _.. _-a- yi . _- - _.. ¦ ¦ ¦¦ ¦ ..
and tell that Irish nationality ' was not dead—( cheers)—and flinging aside theglopm of past years , the people , . with a revived hope to animate them , and increased energy to secure their triumph , had again commenced tne battle for the good old cause . ( Cheers . * _^ Feeling deeply the responsibility of their undertaking , they wonld learn wisuomfrom the past . Experience had taught them not tCplace the destinies of this island in the hands 6 " f men who had no sympathy with their feelings , their interests , - or their sufferings . ( Hear , hear ; - ) Jt was a novel thing , to see men without the . prestige of a name , and having no pretensions to talent , with ' nothing
_astound the plough , and on their own _responsibility , commencing an agitation forthe regeneration o'f their country . ( Loud-cheers . ) -The nistory of the world told them that every advance made towards mankind ' s dignity or freedom , was made by the democracy . They had waited long to see a national party formed , but they were disappointed ; and therefore they commenced to-night to do their own work . ( Hear . ) They saw the country branded with cowardice , and no ' organisation in existence to wipe away the Blander . The moment the country began to show some signs of returning life they saw the slanderer of the Hungarian hero , Kossuth , commencing to vend his state trash , and strive to perpetuate barbarism and
Bamfield Moore Carewism in Ireland . ( Hear , hear , and hisses . ) They saw the vulgar helotism of Conciliation Hall changed to the more genteel slavery of an Irish Alliance , where confederates shirk principle to win the smiles of respectability . ( Ilear , hear and hisses . ) They saw the men who were at this moment , perhaps , weeping in exile , and yet prouder of their position than those whom they left behind them ; they saw those men neglected and forgotten hy those who excited and lured them on to their destruction . ( Hear , hear . ) The speaker then referred to the several continental revolutions , and , sneaking of the exiled patriots , said that they saw their country prostrate , and they imagined for a moment it was their time , and tbey flung themselves
into the van of Irish liberty . ( Cheers . ) - This as- ; sociation was now formed by men who had ' worked with these men , and wished them well , and ' who intended that night to publicly adopt their principles ( Loud cheers . ) They saw the people completely paralysed , not knowing what to do . Other bodies had been framed for the people , but now one was framed by the people ' themselves . ( Hear , hear . ) One of the principal objects of that association was to secure the ri g hts of labour , and elevate and improve the condition ftheworking classes . ( Hear . ) And was it not a just thing to do ? for all greatness , wealth , and power , were produced by the hard and horny hand of labour .. ( Hear , hear . ) Therefore the working men of Ireland should not loin
any association which did not make the interests of the working classes a primary object . ( Cheers . ) Another of their objects was the union of all creeds . Division had long been the bane of this country ; but at the same time they should not make a union which would die with the enthusiasm ofthe hour that gave it birth , hut one based on large and generous principles . To effect that object , they would not touch on any religious questions in that association . They would not _^ meddle with the church question , because they believed it to be a Whig cry got up for the purpose of creating a sectarian feeling in Ireland . They looked upon it as a matter with which the democracy had nothing to do . Their object . -was to . ameliorate the condition of the people—to make Ireland a powerful , and an independent nation ; and therefore they would not
uescena to tne petty qyarreis ot _cnurcumen _,. ( Loud cKeOT ; _J ' t ' _^&"" Boyle - . concluded by moving the following resolution : —" . That liberty of conscience is the birthright of every man ; and as we believe intolerance in religion is subversive of truth , and that religious dissension encouraged by our rulers to suit their own purposes , has been the means of inslaving this Irish nation , we , in perfect good faith , hold out the right hand of fellowship to Irishmen of every religious denomination , and once , and for ever , " propose a union of the democracy of every creed to destroy that discussion , pledging ourselves before the world to labour to secure religious and political equality for every man , and to bury for ever the memory of all occurrences that have prevented a union of brotherhood among Irishmen . "'
Mr . Dowket seconded the resolution , which was put and adopted . Mr . Edwabd M'Mahon ( a tradesman ) , proposed the next resolution , which was as follows : —* ' That industry is the source of all national prosperity , aiid that to enjoy true liberty , it is essential to protect the working classes by fully asserting the ri ghts of labour , and benefitting the social condition of those who contribute so largely to the happiness of mankind . " Mr . Wiluau Austin bad great pleasure m seconding the resolution , as he considered the principle involved in it was one of the most vital importance
, not only to the artisans at large , but to every class in the community . As long as the working classes were kept in debasement , and prevented from earning their livelihood by a base and tyranous oligarchy , so long would this country be kept in its present degraded position ; and so long as the democrats of Ireland stood by inactive , without taking part in this struggle , they would be guilty of serious wrong towards themselves and their country . ( Loud cheers . ) The resolution was adopted unanimously .
Mr . _Febbis came forward to propose the next resolution . —He said he approached the subject it involved with mingled feelings of apprehension and pride- —apprehension , lest his brother democrats mig ht lose sight of the interest involved in the resolution by reason of the inability of him who proposed it—and pride , in the principle which he confessed was dear to his heart , a princip le which he would uphold if every one in the meeting was opposed to him—that principle was a feeling of deep sympathy , for the martyrs of 1848 , ( Loud cheers . ) He had never addressed a public meeting before , but he felt himself sustained by the glorious principle which he stood there to assert . ( Cheers . ) Some would tell them , perhaps , to forget the fidelity , the zeal , and the incorruptible integrity of those who had been torn from their native land .
( Cries of "No , no , " " Never . " ) No , he felt the democratic honesty of Ireland would never forget their true and faithful friends though they were told indeed by some cautious politicians that it Wonld injure the national cause by speaking of these men , for they had taken a rash and false step ; or , in other words , tbey had failed . But he ( Mr . Ferris ) felt pride in maintaining , nnd he knew that his brother democrats also took pride in upholding , the principle , of entertaining sympathy the sincerest , and gratitude the deepest , for the devoted zeal , the honest truth , and the pure patriotism of the martyrs of 1848 . ( Loud cheering . ) He ( Mr . Ferris ) was one of those who believed that the cause of tbe martyrs was not lost—he would not believe that their sufferings had been in vain . ( Great cheering . ) It was because he felt imbued with this belief that
he had said he would uphold and assert that principle of sympathy with their martyred countrymen , irrespective of the opinions of any man . ( Cheers . " Mr . Ferris then read the resolution . It embodied the expression of sympathy and regard for the exiled martyrs , and a recognition of their fidelity and sterling patriotism . Mr . Ferris proceeded with much impressiyenes to speak to the resolution . He was frequently interrupted by enthusiastic cheering and expression of leeling relative , to the Irish exiles . The names of John Mitohel , Smith O'Brien , and Meagher were cheered loudly and frequently . Mr , Ferris concluded hy moving the resolution , and sat down amidst loud cheering ,
Mr . Charles Dillon came forward amidst cheers to second the resolution : He said he believed there was but one opinion in that great meeting of unanimous adoption ofthe principles of that resolution . ( Hear , hear , and cheering . ) But how were they to evince their sympathy or show their regard towards their martyred and exiled countrymen ? Was it by merely shouting and cheering ? No . It was by proving themselves worthy of brotherhood : with these illustrious men—by steadfastly and . unitedly working liko men for the recognition of tlieir just rights , and the liberation of themselves and their country from their present degraded condition . ( Cheers . ) If they did not do thTs all their efforts
[Rish Bemocratic Association. An Aggrega...
would be yam . ( Hear , hear , and cheering , and some cries for Feargus . O ' Connor . ) Ah , yes ( said Mr . Dillon , ) that is ever the way with all Irishmen ; you come here and shout and cheer-you must have some great man to addross you ; you must have some one _abewe you , whose sentiments you will cheer , and ptrhaps soon forgot ; but you interrupt and shout dowh a _tradesman when he speaks to you becausohe 4 * one of yourselves . ( Cheers . ) This was ever so , _, | o long as rrecollecfc , throughout the history of Iri * } h agitation . It was ever the cry for my Lord Mayor this , or Town Councillor- that-( hear , heai _*) --but even . stilU the same : cry . was raised . Mr . Feargus O'Connor was called for . He was , doubtless , an able and patriotic man : but . ,
business ought to be done in a business-like . manner , and Mr . " 0 Connor would be heard in his' turn as well as every other speaker . ( Cheers ) . Tho resolution embodied a great deal that was important . They were called on by it to express _sym--pathy for the patriotic exiles , but in that they expressed adhesion to patriotic principles ..: ( Hear , hear , and cheers ) . It was not merely by shouting and cheering that they would show tlieir true . sympathy ; hutiet them / unite and work , as he said before , like men , and trust in each other , and tlieir exiled countrymen would'be . cheered in their ' _Captiyity ? . wh ? J _^; * ihey would hear that their fellow- ' c ' _ountrymenjjiyerefi ' _X'wtingallpreiudices and were _determw | ji _^^ _rk- | M _^ e * _K _« ative : land , tv : ¦ X - ' olamation . : *' : _r--.
Mr . _ytfEASGUS O'Connor , M . P ., next came forwai 3 , and was loudly and enthusiastically cheered for some minutes . When the cheering had subsided , he said he would address those then assembled as hia countrymen , although their chairman told them that their countrymen would first address them , and Mr . O'Connor could speak afterwards . "Now , in 1834 , they disinherited him . ( No , no . ) He was told that if he came to Ireland he should he ducked in the Liffey ; hut , notwithstanding that threat and intimidation , he had struggled night and day , from that period to the present , in order to weld the minds of tbe people of England and Ireland , so that the power of the
aristocracy and oligarch y should be trampled in the dust , ( Cheers . ) The reason why he rejoiced at tbe gathering there that night—and felt more pride than when he last attended in that hall—was , because they would learn the truth ofthe maxim , that what was to be done for the people should be done by the people . ( Loud cheers . ) They would also understand that , for many years , they had cheered men and reviled principles ; but now he hoped they would assist in the establishment of such principles as would elevate their country - from its present slavish position , and place it in that situation which it ' deserved to occupy . ( Cheers , ) He would give them a further proof of the value which he attached to that
meeting , and what might spring from it , in the fact that he had abandoned , for this week , all his parliamentary duties , and had left the show-box—( cheers )—for the purpose of attending there that night , in order to assist in cementing a thorough union between the English ana Irish democracies . ( Loud cheers . ) Mark , when he first began to announce and propound in England the real democratic principles which they were advocating there that ni ght , the English people were not prepared to receive them , because they were placed in as much antagonism to ihe Irish as the Irish were to
them ; , but he saw that no good could be wrung from the oppressor , until the working class mind of both countries was thoroughly united , because the oppressor always based his power in the disunion kept up between the two countries . He did not come forward oh the present occasion urged by vanity . or ambition . It was _ _* his _^ pride ; to : say , that he had ' , _hfty _^*^| _pii ? _^ _iWtWmi _^^' s _^ m _^ io _^ i _t at tiie " ekpense of any man ih the world—he came forward because he loved his country andhated tyranny —he came forward to advocate their principles because his family had suffered more in
supporting them than any other family that ever was born . ( Cheers . ) Now , he faithfully represented the democratic miud of England , and be told them , tbat there had been a principle enunciated there that night , which the English people were not thoroughly identified with , and in which he fully concurred . ( Cheers . ) "Were it not for the disunion that had existed between the people of this country and those of England , the Irish would not be looking for the Repeal of the Union so long . They have been so long represented by a set of lickspittles , tools , and toadies , in the House
of Commons —( loud cheers)—who were mere sycophants and place-hunters . ( Continued cheering . ) And now let them hear his principles ; for even in the face of danger , and under the espionage , and , perhaps , in the presence of some of the spies of the gaoler-general of Ireland—( loud cheers )—he was not afraid to avow his principles , and to say that he was not only for a Repeal of the Union , but for a separation — ( loud cheering , which lasted for some minutes)—but unaccompanied with violence , riot , or revolution . He was for giving the vote not to the mere serfs of the
landlords , who went up to the hustings like sheep to the shambles—he was for giving the vote to every man of twenty-one years of age , and he was also for having the parliament in Ireland , at the same time taking care that they should not be represented by absentees . ( Cheers . ) Looking to the lahour question , what he desired was not to rob any man , but to make the rich richer , and the poor rich—( cheers )—but so long as the landlords measured the value of their interests by political patronage instead of by national requirement , so long would land be held valueless so . far as
the salvation of the people w ; as concerned . ( Hear , hear . ) It was said that they were an idle people ; but he unhesitatingly asserted , that where there was a premium for industry the Irish were the most industrious people on the face of'the-earth . ( Hear , hear . ) - Here there was a premium for idleness and a tax upon industry . And why should the people lahour when they- -were not paid for it ? It was the landlords that destroyed the people ; but the people were met that night for the purpose of hearing how such a union would be
created amongst the working-class mind ofthe country , as could never be destroyed , And now ho told them to offer no antagonism to any party ; if their principles were sound , let them propound them , and every man of common sense , reason , and judgment , would adopt them . ( Hear , hear . ) He ( Mr . Connor ) would come amongst them again . ( Cheers . ) They might have a new election for Ireland , perhaps as soon as the franchise was a little extended . But let them only look at the beneficence , at the kindness of ministers—did they think they were going to extend the Irish franchise
because it was a matter of justice ? No ; if thero was an election to-morrow the Protectionists would have a largo majority in the land , and , therefere , lest there should be an election , ministers want to go to the country with a cry . ( Hear , hear . ) But talking of elections , he wished to know whether they con . sidered it a fair system of representation , that Ireland should havo hut 105 representatives , while England and Scotland had 553 ? ( No , no . ) Where was the use of saying no ? Why did not they work like men ? ( Hear . ) Let them sink all party differences , and talk no more of this party or that . ( Hear , hear . ) It was said hy some that the famine was a dispensation of Providence ; he rather thought it was a dispensation of tyrants and oppressors , for he
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believed that if the people were thoroughly employed at profitable labour , the country would now be prosperous , instead of being , as it was , one huge and prodigious workhouse . On Thursday evening he was charged in the Houseof Commons , by Lord J . Russell , with all hut rebellion , for crying out for the destruction of the church establishment , and the downfall ofthe black slugs . He ( Mr . O'Connor ) admitted the charge—thathe did cry . "down with the black slugs . " ( Cheers . ) Was there ever such an anomal y ? Could they bear it , if they were Catholics ? Could they tamely tolerate the idea of black slugs denouncing their , creed , atthe same time that they lived luxuriously their labour
on . ( Hear , hear . ) He was for putting an end to such injustice and oppression , and would leave every man to support his own clergy , and not be compelled to pay for another man ' s by act of parliament , by the bayonet and ;; the musket . ( Cheers . ) They could not gaih _| iheir _cause "" alone , but the English people" wdiild aid and unite with them . Every prejudice that had . existed between the peilea , and- _jiomaTLjrjis now better received in England than an . Irishman , and no people in the world moro sympathised with the Irish than the people of England . ( Hear , hear . ) The landlords were beginning to weep and wail , and it was said in the House of Commons that
it was a _pitjr that they should have been reduced to their present position by free trade ; but he asked , was it not a pity that the people were reduced to the deplorable condition they were in before free trade ? ( Hear , hear . ) He was opposed to a return to protection ; if there was a return to it the landlords would have the majority , and there would be a Tory ministry , with Lord Stanley at its head ( groans ); and bad as the Whigs were he prayed the Lord to deliver him from Stanley . ( Loud cheers and laughter . ) What did the people gain by emancipation ? They had a Roman Catholic Attorney-General . , ( Groans . ) They had two
Roman Catholic judges ; but were they more humane , or more considerate of their countrymen than Protestant judges ? No , they were not . The Emancipation Bill disfranchised 400 , 000 forty shilling freeholders . Then came the Reform Bill , and in relation to that he stated , at a reform meeting in Cork , in 1831 , that he had no objection to reform , but that if there was not a Repeal of the Union , reform would be worse for the country , for the first act of the reformed parliament would be to
pass an act to smother the expression of public opinion in Ireland . And the result proved that he was . right in his prophecy . ( Hear , hear . ) Poland was not more oppressed by Russia than was Ireland by England . Hungary was trampled on , notwithstanding her struggles—notwithstanding the efforts and sacrifices of Kossuth and Bern ( cheers ) : but neither Poland nor . Hungary were more oppressed than Ireland . ( Hear , hear . ) It was said that the Irish were the best of
soldiers abroad but not at home , and when George the Fourth asked General Murray the reason , he replied , that they never met their matches but at home , and beat all they met abroad , ( Cheers and laughter . ) He did not mean to excite them to revolution or rebellion ; there were three stages through which they should pass—the creation , . the organisation , and the direction of mind ; and he was there that nigh . t to assist in the creation of the new mind , _ofythja . _country . ( Cheers . ); ' 7 '" ' - * v' ; l _. _^ - _** _A ' _-i _/ - * _^*! 'g _**^ _y _^ j _?» _^^^^^^ _iWW _^ _fy _^^^^ _gJKiiajftrf _^' " " _"*^? V _^ - * - but to look at their own prinoiples , _' anQ _^ fchey _* were better than the principles of other parties they would win the day . ( Hear , hear' ) Why should they go abroad to create food that their
own laud could produce ? Did tho shopkeepers understand that if the people were better employed they would be better customers to them ? Did they understand that labour was the source of all wealth , and that until the labourer was requited for his toil they never would have prosperity in the country ? He had concluded hefore by repeating some lines of his own , and Mr . Duffy had reported in his paper that some one cried out to him to sing them . ( Hisses . ) Well , only that he was now rather hoarse he would endeavour to sing them if they desired , but , with their leave , he would repeat them in proposing the resolution entrusted to him : —
Unite—unite , ye Irish brave , Let the Land your watchword be : Scout , oh ! scout the servile slave That crouches when he may be free 1 Up ye heroes!—nt the despots ! Lick no more the tyrant ' s hand ! Leave your pauper-workhouse messpots ; Live like freemen on your land . Then Free Trade will be a blessing , When men can work , and eat , and play _; When shepherds cease to live by fleecing , Then each flock its own wiU pay .
The speaker then moved the resolution , the purport of which was , to call for the sympathy and assistance of other democratic unions , especially those of England , for the establishment of political equality , and an equitable adjustment of the relations between labour and capital , and resumed his seat amid loud and most enthusiastic cheers , which lasted a long time . Mr . M'GRAin , one ofa deputation from England , said that he had travelled from London for the purpose of enjoying the society of a veritable Irish demonstration in favour of veritable Irish liberty . He came there with high anticipations , expecting
to see a splendid and subhmo demonstration , and he was proud to say that he had not been disappointed . They had long struggled for tho _emancipation of their country , but she was still clanking the chains of the oppressor . He trusted they would go on with their glorious work , and adopt tho advice given by Mr . Cr Connor ; and he hoped that they would remember this—that no legislation could be beneficial to this country unless it was based on the Universal Suffrages of the people . ( Hear , hear . ) If the union were repealed to-morrpw some trifling good would accrue to the Irish people . The evils of absenteeism would be diminished , but he believed that no great or permanent good would result from the legislation
of an Irish parliament , unless it were based on the principles of democracy . " Ireland for the Irish " was once a very , popular cry , and he was sure that every honest _mr-. n in that assembly would respond to it ; but he implored of them by their Hopes of freedom not to agree for a single instant to give Ireland to the aristocracy , or even to the middle classes . He ( Mr . M'Grath ) stood before them , an _ultra-demoorot . ( Cheers . ) He held that every honest man of twenty-one years of age should have a voice in tho election of those men who were to rule the destinies of his country . That was a principle based on common sense and Christianity , and could not be controverted . ( Hear , hear . ) The
advocates of Universal Sutirage believed that the man who was not represented was to all intents and purposes a slave , for he had no voice in the making of those laws by which he wa 3 governed , and Christianity taught them this principle —• that there should not be found in any land such an animal as a human slave . ( Cheors . ) There is not on the face ot God ' s earth so wretched , miserable , and degraded a people as the Irish . They had heard a great deal of the sufferings of the Poles under the Russian tyrant , xn & of the slaves who were clanking their chains across the Atlantic , but
then * misery was nothing compared to that of the Irish peoplo . We never heard of thousands of peoplo dying in tliose countries ' of starvation as thoy did in Ireland . The speaker then referred to the dreadful sufferings ofthe people during the famine ,-and declared that if such a state of things were not doomed to speedy annihilation there was neither courage on earth or justice in heaven . He recommended the persons who composed tho meeting to act practically—not to content themselves with shouting in favour of the resolutions , but to come forward promptly and manfully , and enrol themselves as
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members of tho association . It was by practical work of this nature alone that they couid hope'fo make an impression on the . English- * ministry . ( Hear , hear . ) It was not alms the Irish people wanted , it was simply justice ; and' if that . justice was Accorded to them there would not be a poor man left on the face of Ireland . He would therefore implore them to cast aside and forever all divisions Iand all old prejudices . He warned them against the machinations of government spies who would sookto divide them , and called on them to unite and march onward to givo battle to tbeir determined foe , ( Cheers . ) He _jlid not speak of physical l ? n afc would not he needed . [ A Voice— " Not heers Tmembers of Mmassociation . It was by practical
_y e t 1 J . ) He would be sorry to lead them into difficulty , but there was no need of resorting to lorcq for the achievement of what they were now seeking . ( Hear hear . ) He wished to tell thorn he came there in the capacity of a delegate . ( Hear , hear , and cheers . ) He was commissioned by the democratic body in Manchester to call upon the democracy of Ireland , represented at this meeting , to call on them to believe that tho head , and tho hand , and the heart ofthe English democracy were with the democracy of Ireland . ( Cheers . ) " When ho went back he would bo asked to give an account of his mission , and he would be proud in telling of the glorious sight presented on that evening . Mr . M'Grath concluded an able speech by seconding tha resolution , and sat down amidst loud cheers . \
Mr . A . English then came forward amidst cheera to propose the next resolution , which was— " That as parliamentary representation cannot be the means by which our country ' s independence will be obtained , wo warn the Irish people against being again induced to place faith in a system so humiliating and debasing as that which prostrates us at the feet of our oppressors . " Mr . English expressed hig diffidence in addressing that great meeting from a spot which had echoed the sentiments of illustrious men . He dwelt long and forcibly on the futile and unsuccessful character and result of all previous agitation , seeking redress at the hands of a foreign parliament . He called on his brother democrats ,
even at the expense of . losing the : aid of their English friends , to cast aside ! for ever the debasing system which-had left them to this _dayprofjirata inthednstat the'feetof ; ari . iritoleraj ] t _^*^ ruthlees * 6 _" _# _fc _« _a > r- _?*^^ extension _^ the franchise in Ireland , and' dwelt in terms of bitter and , caustic . eloquence , on the apathy and criminal neglcct . evinced . by parliamentary representatives towards their suffering constituents _. He instanced Mr . Sheil and the member for Cashel In the town represented by the latter , he said , hundreds had starved without any effort being mada oh the part of their representatives to' relieve )
them . Be went on in a most impressive speech to show the utter folly and blindness which he con « contended they , would evince if they , the Irish democracy , dreamed on ever again recurring to the humiliating and fruitless attempt of seeking a restoration of their rights by an appeal to the English parliament . Ho called in the people to unite , to trust one another , and to show that they depended on themselves , * then they would be really formi _» dable , and obtain , despite of their oppressors _, their just rights . Mr . English concluded amid loud cheers . ; -
The resolution was then put and passed witb acclamation . ¦ - . Mr . " William Keant seconded the resolution , and called on the people to rally round the standard of democracy , now that the hardworking artisans of Dublin had for the first time an opportunity of forwarding their own interests and that of tha country . The resolution was put and carried . Mr . Clark ( one of the deputation from England ) here came forward , and said that the democracy of England were prepared to join the democracy of Ireland in looking for the Repeal of the Union ; but ho advised the latter , in the first instance , to settle their own divisions , and then by uniting with the democracy at the other side they would _oe able to . make a powerful stand . ( Cheers . ) -
Mr . Whim , a member of the deputation from Kilkenny , proposed the following resolution > - " Resolved—That this association , witnessing with heartfelt sorrow , the awful ravages made by death , from starvation and extermination , through the baneful influence of accursed landlordism , under the name of law , aided by British bayonets , while the beasts of the field are far better fed and housed than the Irish peasant , made after God's own image ; und believing that in no other" country would this be borne but Ireland , calls on all who entertain the spirit of nationality within their breasts to come forward now and join with us in uprooting such tyranny from the land , and give every Irishborn man the means to live without being obliged to take refuge in poor-law bastiles , or thoso glorious institutions provided for us by our paternal rulers . " The resolution was seconded by Mr . James " Duncan , and adopted .
Mr . Dotle was then moved to the chair , and thanks having been voted to the previous chairman the meeting separated .
The Miners Of The North. Sir)-—The Miner...
THE MINERS OF THE NORTH . Sir ) - —The miners of this district held their usual delegate meeting on Saturday last , at the house of Mr . George Cerby , New Durham , at wbich there was an increased number of members represented . The proceedings of tbe delegates derived some additional interest from the special attendance of W . P . Roberts _. solicitor , whose presence was rendered necessary with respect to the decision given by the judge agsinst the workmen of the Marley Hill colliery . Mr . Roberts entered into the subject matter of -the judgment , detailing the points on which be relied for success , which points the iudgt
had entirely overlooked , or , at least , had not noticed them . Mr . Roberts then explained to the delegates the probability of success if the case was tried in a higher court , together with the probable amount of raonfy necessary to carry it through . Having thus satisfied the meeting upon those essential points , a resolution was agreed to , — ' That the members of the union be consulted whether they will carry the case any further or not . There being a public district rceeling to be held at tbe same time , Mr . Roberts cheerfully complied with the wish of the
delegates to address the miners once more , which he did with his usual ardour and sincerity . Among many other resolutions agreed to , several of which were of a local character , the delegates took up the subject of a National Union , when , after a close and pertinent debate , the following resolution was adopted , — ' That . M . Jude correspond with the leading men of the other mining counties , to ascertain when would be the best time to hold a conference ,, and where it should be held at , so as to get the Association into working order as soon as possible . '
The delegates having deliberated npon the best _rasans to increase the number of members to the union , and likewise to ensure to the miners the greatest possible security for their hard earnings , agreed to solicit the employers to have the bond 8 of agreement read every six months , and a copy o ( the same given to them . The following are part of the resolutions _agrend to : — ' That ihe Bill for Ten Hours for the Miners be not added to , nor connected witb , the ventilation question , but that ths Miners at the proper time assist , by petitions , the Factory People , to procure a real and safe Ten Hours Bill ; and that the Miners apply at the earliest period compatible with a true understanding of the question for a Ten Hours Bill , that their young boys may have a better opportunity of getting a suitable education than heretofore . '
• That in ord ? r to give those collieries who hava formed themselves into districts , the best and surest information of the proceedings of eacb delegate meeting , in order also to ensure a greater uniformity in expressing and understanding the resolutions agreed to by the delegates- the said resolutibns and votea be printed , together with the delegates ' names , and a copy sent to each colliery , as soon as possible after the delegate meeting is over , each delegate handing to the secretary his address for tbat purpose . ' ' That the collieries be recommended to adopt a daily restriction instead of a fortnightly one , as some collieries have had lately . '
_« That it be laid before the collieries to grant the lecturers one day-in the month to hold a consideration meeting , as to the best methods to be adopted to re-organise the Union , and give to each other the requiste information about . the state of tha several collieries in that respect , and that they may address or lecture the men in one uniform way . ' The union men at Walker Colliery have been obliged to strike , their master refusing to grant them a Standard weighing machine , or measure tub , in contravention of the _contract . At the solicitation of the workmen , Mr . Roberts accompanied a depu .
tation of their body to tbe master , who , after considerable pressure from Mr . Roberts , pledged himself to give them a Standard measure tub or weighing machine ; with this understanding Mr . Roberts and the deputation left , frit judge of the work - men ' s surprise , when on the following day they waited upon the master to enter upon a fresh agreement , they were told that there would be no work for them , except they vrould sign a bond to leave the union ; of course they objected to any such infamous proposal , and left _hitn to console _himsetf upon his tyrannical picture .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), March 9, 1850, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_09031850/page/1/
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