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T J AR A ' I < ' <W labonr* for having -...
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FRANCE. Thf Forthcoming Eincno-rs. -The ...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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FRANCE . Thf Forthcoming _Eincno-rs . -The meahen comprising the Mountains _havs issued a powerful address to the people , of which Michel de Bourges is the author . In this address the losses of the party by death and exile are enumerated and de plored . . Tiw Mountain ,. it says , is not a faction , it is a principle , and therefore it has lived . It is iu train that the executive has adjourned the elections ; { bey cannot but result in filling up the ranks of the Mountain , and its present leaders in the Assembly lave faith in the good sense of the masses , and the Constancy of tbeir opinions . The address then proceeds : — ' The political hearing of the elections
of March 10 has not escaped as . The general policy of the government is deeply involved in them , and a striking judgment of public opinion ou tbe Roman question will more particularly result from it . In _DemocratieReputoics , good and bad governments are recognised by an infallible sign , the former seivefor the emission , the development , and the _propagatUHKof ideas ; it is , in fact , progress . "When just tbey _^ benefit all * and consequently the government itself , which should . be the organ of the people ; when falsei-the :-good sense of the public does justice *» n ity and it falls into oblivion . __ All the BOpbistrv in the world cannot conceal this truth . The _Mea ' triurap _^ ant at the _larr-cades of February was socia '! is-n , ' _ttatis to _. say , the emancipation of the masses by labour ; labour raised to the height of the it leltl
_property -which it engenders , and which _§ _- matisesV general' comfert secured by an equitable _iamuneraiion for labour , and the abolition of usury . Snch is the principle of jnstice which it is necessary to render every day more and more clear to the conscience of the ; human race . To repress this idea , to transform it into an attack on society , is the avowed ohject of _, all tbe efforts of reaction . Power , treasury , police , and army are all made to annihilate the principles on-which we place the emancipation and the future prosperity of the world . To attain ihis object , the old moral conquest of our fathers , those which werVconsidered as tbe most irrevocably secured * , aire denied or overthrown . "What truth remains standing ? . Onr enemies proclaim themselves the saviours of society , and every day they sap ihe foundations of one of those principles on
which not only French , but all modern society _suhsbts . ! Liberty : of-, thought , that source of all other- liberties , purchased at the price of so many tea-fraud so much blood , has been visibly peraecuted uMer" every form ; ia the press , by incessant prosecutions ; seizures , and sequestrations ; in other institutions , hy the state of . siege , which has becom e a ' normal state of things in many of the departments ; in public life , hy the interdiction of the right of sleeting ; in ' education , by the moral proscription extended to the whole body of laica teachers , in order to abandon France to the
exclusive _influancfe of religions communities . They treat the liberty ; of thought like those trees beloved by the people '; , who planted them to shelter the cradle of the republic That branch incommodes us , they say , and they cut down . the _ine at its root . In excbange for mo ' ral'liberty , , what material welfare has been spread over the'basses ? Where are the new markets _opened to labour ? Have the protective barriers of' _privilege been removed ? The people su ff er hun ge r in t he _fiid _^ t of abundance . Where are the Banks ' of Credit _?^ . Where is the new mortgage-system , which ' was lo attract capital by a more
secure and ready . gurantee . ? _: Where are the benefits of that public assistancelso pompously written in the constitution ? _'What'is the part of the people in tbe eig bt- " milliatds tbat-have been accumulated during tbe last fifty 1 j _* » r * _" " 'in the grand livre of the public debt ?; What will revert to it of the 1 , 500 millions inscribed iii the budget of 1850 ? What is the dowry . secured to' _thes people by these treasures , the produce ofthe sweat ' of its brow ? The constituent Assembly , a _^ its close bequeathed the people a legacy of lflO _milBjrJ ' . s , by * abolishing an odious tax ; what has become-of it ? -what has rendered it
abortive ? The wants of the * _rpasury . The people continue to pay the'tar on potable Ifquors , but rentes aud capitals ' placed at' interest _escips all taxation . Such is the ' policy pursnrd at home / T _^ e _address _^ _after-thus recapitulating their domestic grievances , proceeds at some length to criticise the foreign policy of the * government , reproaching it in strong term ? for its- acts , and more particularly for its conduct towards the Reman republic , and concludes by calling-on * ihe electors of the party to be firm and united at the day of election , in order to secure the success of their candidates . The addr- _ir is signed hy the . represen-aiives , comprising what is called 'La Reunion de la M- ; iitagne . " Private letters from Brussels of the 27 th ult . men .
tion tbat M . Etienne A / ago had landed at Antwerp from England ' on the 2 oth ult ., but that the order to permit him to reside in Belgium not having been received at Antwerp , he was immediately arrested by the police and sent to prison . An announcement to that effect , having been made to the Belgian government , he was Ordered to be sat at liberty , aud permission granted to him to reside in the Belgian territory under certain restrictions , which will have ihe effect of preventing his presence there from giving umbrage tirtlie French government .
After dnir . .. reporter closed his despatch in the Legislative Assembly on Thursday , M . Casal put a question to the government on tbe subject oi _opening letters at ? the I _^ _ost-office . He complained that several he had lately received had their seals opened and were then clumsily closed . The Minister of Finance denied the right of any oae to question the integrity , of any branch of the Administration . He would , however , inquire into the subject . M- Victor Hannequin , editor of the Democratic Pacifique , ' , was . tried and found guilty on Wednesday week fay the Assize Court of Paris of a seditious libel . He _' was sentenced to a year ' s imprisonment and 5 , 000 f . fiae . The _editor of the * _Republican de la Moselle' has been also sentenced to two months' imprisonment and 2 , 000 f . fine , for a similar offence .
The' National' states , that _General Castellane , on assuming the command to which be had heen appointed by the . President of tbe Republic , issued an order of the day against any military man under his command rearing his hair or moustaches longer than the _existing . regnlations permit . Long hair 13 regarded aa a sign of _SociaUs-n and long moustaches as a symptom of Republicanism . A letter from Montpellier of the 23 rd ult . stales that the editor of the ' Montagnard' has been acquitted twice in one day by a jury of that town . He was prosecuted for having published an article entitled' l'lmpot des _Boissons , ' and extracts from ' The Thirteenth of Jane , ' by Ledru Rollin .
A Socialist named Merit- ; was sentenced by tbe Assize Court of Paris , on _Tursday , to imprisonment for one year , to pay a fine of 200 f ., and to be deprived of his civil rights during five years , for having founded a branch society of the rights of man , and for having concealed arms ia Ins possession . Psogeess of _Tvhasky . —M . Barrot has brought into the _As-esably a bill according to which , all mayors and their _adjoints are to be hereafter appointed by the executive , which is limited in its
choice , however , to members of the municipal councils . The appointment is vested in the President of tbe Republic when it is ior a commune of 3 . 000 souls ; it is vested in the _prt-fet when the commune has no les 3 than 3 , 000 souls . The act to be in force in two months after its promulgation , and a general appointment of mayors and their adjoints to take p lace at that time . The law would remain in vigour until the passing of a bill on the municipal organisation of France .
The provisions of this law will give rise to the fiercest parliamentary strugg _lp . The legitimists , who are strongly for decentralisation , and for increasing the local power of conntry districts and authorities , oppose this bill , and with some justice , as an attempt to burke municipal liberty .
_SIOBEPBBSECuTIOX OP THE _RBPUBLICAXS . In the Assembly on Tuesday , M . Dupix the president , announced that he had received arequisitory from the Attorney-General , M . Baroche , asking to he authorised to take legal proceedings against M . "Michel de Bourges , for having , on the 1 st of March , in the commune of Montmartre , addressed a speech to an auditory , composed of 800 persons , assembled atthe Hermitage , in which he attacked the principle of property , in the following terms : — "The day after their triumph the people will inquire into -Uieonginof fortunes and capital , and proceed to trmdup the accounts ofthe bourgeoisie . They will be justified in
so doing after examining the accounts of Royalty , unless _thebourgeoisie should voluntarily consent to the sacrifice—which I strongly recom--mend them to do . Thepeople produce erery thing ; _aua n is to them , consequently , that ever y thin g * " l _^ t _^ i _^ - _^ _rd-iiig-y -anite , and we will come out -victorious fiom the contest . It is for that reason we entreat you to he peaceable , in order that _xremayone dav say to onr enemies _^ - " Do as we lave done ; we have too long submitted to you " You may rest assured that they will do so . _fe our present social state possible or durable ? Are there « ot , in our society , man , i individuals , who live in comfortable idleness , whilst others work-very hard
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and lead a wretched existence ? _-The RepubUc , as it exists to * day , is a mere _' emptyword ' . The possession of man by man must at last Ware , " < fce . v _^ This communication was received'by the . left with loud murmurs , and one member exclaimed , " This is an electioneering manoeuvre . M . _Michei . de Bourges , having ascended tne tribune , said thathe had thrice spoken _^ electoral meetings as an elector , and not _«\« Presentotive of thepeople He protested on Ins _** f _$£ _™ J _£ of _hfs colleagues and 2 , 000 citizens _? _* _^ _taw ro _^ _SS _^ IS :
ing classes . . He defied the _^ _Wg anui _^ to substantiate t _*? _etr chaige . _^<* _™ ° » between was time the f _^ ta _sffta _^ ceaso ! and that _theJa « r _^« and thei _« ople snoui _^ _^ they _bribed to _hto b _^ _m _distitutionnel _was a I _*! _- f _^ f _Hehad described the Socialist list as _fobncjation . He _tod aescr imvroyement of _£ 2 eb sScr _^ X election of Yidel ; their thep fiipHorS bV education , by that of Carnot ; _^¦ _SSlSStSffl interest , that of justice , _gtheriecTion " ofFJotte . _^ greatest orde r and dimly had prevailed at all tho meetings , and he jj _?* n / _-. nv man to cite a single word pronounced by
him on that occasion , or during his whole life , aeainst religion , property , or family . He had not read the Constitutidnncl , or he should have instantly protested , as he'did two days afterwards , when the forgery was made known to him . At the meeting on the Boulevard Bourdon , held on Saturday , he had said that if the labourers gave their amis and the bourgeois their capital , th ey would form a g rea t association which would save society . This was very different from the expressions placed in his mouth . He was no enemy of capital —( laughter )—but he thought that it was not unlawful to inquire into ita origin .
M . _LIouher . Minister of Justice , said . The Assembly was the sole judge , and would decide if the explanations entered into by M . "Michel de Bourges were satisfactory . As to what the latter said respecting the three candidates , inscribed on what he called the list of conciliation , he ( M . Rouher ) regarded them as the candidates of ignorance , insurrection , and labour , organised on the principle laid down by the delegates of the Luxembourg . The Assembly , on being consulted , declared urgency , and afterwards decided that the requisitory of the Attorney-General should be referred to the bureau , which should appoint a special committee to examine it .
The President next read aletter of the "Minister of Justice , including a report of the Commissary of Police of LaYiliette , in whi c h M . B a ncel . an o ther representative of the Montague , was stated to have used language offensive to the Legislative Assembly , which he divided into two hostile camps , the one representing Monarchy and oppression , and the other , the Republic and emancipation . He had declared thatthe former , composed of 500 individuals , had deprived the people of the sacred right
of meeting , of the liberty ot the press and of thought , ' arid advocated the legitimacy of the expedition to Rome , etc . M . Bancel admitted having used that language , and said ihat he was ready to appear before his sovereign judge , the country . The A ssembl y , on bein g consulted , unanimousl y decided that the language used by M . Bancel was not offensive , and passed to the order of the day . M . Lagrange and M . MAimisu se la Drome next rose , but were not permitted to speak .
The Assembly next refused to authorise interpellations to the Minister of "War with regard to to the arbitrary imprisonment of a corporal of the 39 th Regiment of the Line for distributing the Socialist list of candidates among his comrades . A revolt took place on the 27 th ult . amongst the military prisoners atthe Fort Mont St . Michel . Tbe troops succeeded in disarming them . Several of the persons who opposed the cutting down of tbe trees of liberty in Paris on the 4 th ultwere tried before the Police Court of Paris on Sa turday , and sentenced to various terms of imprisonment from one month to four .
The * Voix du Peupie' was yesterday seized for an article entitled ' Sitting of the Assembly- —Treason . ' Some sli ght disturbances took place at Marciac ( Gers _, ) aad at Tarascon , on the 24 th February , in consequence of the authorities having put a stop to the procession formed in honour of the anniversary ofthe Revolution . Several persons were arrested for singing patriotic songs . The correspondent of the ' Chronicle , ' writing on Saturday , says : — ' A pamphlet ha 3 appeared to-day , under the title of 'La Naissance de la Repuhlique en Fevrier , 1848 , ' written by Lucien de la Hodde . It will be remembered that Be la Hodde was a
person supposed to be an ardent Republican , but who was discovered by Caussidiere , when he became Pre * feet , to have for years been a spy in the service of the police . So little suspicion had Caussidiere of the character of De la Hodde that , at the period of the discovery , he was actually secretary of the prefecture under Caussidiere himself . Upon ascertaining beyond a doubt ihe character of the person whom he had been fostering as a friend , Caussidiere called a party of the principal members of the Provisional government , sent for De la Hodde , and accused him of the treason . De la Hodde denied tbat he was the _writer ofthe letters signed Pierre , but at length the letter in which be offered his services to the
police , signed with his real name , haying been put in his hand , he confessed his guilt , and falling on his knees prayed for mercy . Caussidiere put a pistol into the wretch ' s hand , and told him he had nothing better to do in this world than to blow out his own brains . The remedy not being to De la Hoddt's taste , he refused , and was allowed to exile himself to England . Since then the tables have been turned : De la Hodde comes back ,-and , in imitation of M . Clienu _, writes an account of the sayings and doings of the leaders of the Revolution of February . The object of the volume seems to be to do
damage to the moderate Republicans , and especially of the party of the ' National , ' who are accused of having got up the massacre of the Boulevard des Capucines on the 23 rd of February . M . de la Hodde describes himself ns a philanthropic and humane personage , who , while he appeared to act with the brutal insurgents , could hardl y res t rain hi s feelings of indignation at their conduct . More than once , he says , ' he was inclined to discharge his carabine against these cannibals . ' M . de la Hodde does not throw any fresh light on the affair of the 24 th of February , and his book is neither so graphic nor so amusing as tbat of M . _Chenu .
The editor of the Re p u b l i c a in de la Moselle ' has been found guilty by a jury , at Metz , of having published a seditious libel , and sentenced to imprisonment for two months and to pay a fine of 2 , 000 f . M . Ridart , Mayor of Carne , in the department of the Maine et Loire , has been sentenced by the Court of Assize of Angers to pay a fine of lOOf . for having posted a manuscript placard on the walls of bis villa g e , containing an inflammatory address to the peasants . A court-martial in the 6 th military division has sentenced to death five soldiers of the 17 th Light Infantry , for refusal to obey orders in Lyons on the 15 th of June . -
M . Cassavente , a law student , who acted as private secretary to Sobrier after the revolution ef Feb . was sentenced by conrt-martial in Paris on Tuesday to transportation for life for the insurrection of June , 1848 . SWITZERLAND . ' / X _' Ihe cowardly rulers of Switzerland are doing tbe dirty work set them by the continental tyrants . The following is the circular addressed by tbe Federal Council of Switzerland to tbe Cantonal Governments on the subject of Sergeant Boichot : — Berne , Feb . 14 .
• Faithful and dear Confederates , —The French authorities have recently seized a pamphlet entitled To the Electors of tbe Army , Boichot , Sergeant . MajorofCarabmers of the 7 th Light Infantry , Representative of the People ( Seine )/ and which ig signed hy Boichot at the 6 th page , considering tbat this letter , dated from Lausanne , must , from the manner in which it is drawn up , produce agitation in France . The Federal _CouhcH has decided on moving this refugee to a greater distance from the
French frontier , until such time as it may be considered whether he ought not to be expelled from the Swiss territory . In the meantime the said Boichot , now living at Lausanne , is forbidden to resid ' ? . „ the cant 0 BS of Berne , Fribourg , Soleure , Bale-ViUe , _Bale-Campagne , Argovie , Tessin , _Vaud , Valais , Neufchatel , and Geneva . Should he present hi m self i n yo ur can on , you are to expel him from your territory , and send Mm to the interior of Switzerland .
the name of the Federal Council , ' H . Drukt , President . ' Von Moos , Vice-Chaneellor . ' Letters from Fribourg of the 23 nd ult ., state that on that day two carriages filled with refugees ar * lived there . The papers of a society call the DeuL scher-Verein were seized on thesame day at Geneva , and the delegates of the association arrested at Bienne .
ITALY . TUSCANY . —The Austrian court-martial at Leghorn has _condemned st man named . Fieri to two
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l _^ _rhard labonr . * for ; having - a stiletto and the S of a pistol about him . A merchant _;^ . Botta sixty years of age , bas . been condemned to a tertniiht ' s imp risonment , for not having given up a musket-barrel , although in the sentence it is de-Zred that be was not aware of _^ having such a thing in His bo *""* ' Another person , M .-Giorgio , Ansuini , has been sentenced to a week ' s imprisonment " for having in his possession certain portions of his fowling-piece , under the pretence of preventing the person now in possession of : it , and not living at Leghorn , from making a bad use of it / , Letters from Leghorn , of the 26 th ult ., state that the whole of the . province of Leghorn has been placed in a state of siege , in consequence of some symptoms of disorder _. " l ' im ' ii ' ui _ili I Iii liinl Ihf
LOMRARDY . —The Turin papers announce , without giving any explanation ol the fact , that Mr . Campbell , the British Consul at Milan , had suddenly s t ruck hi s fl a g , and left for Switzerland . The fact is correct that Mr . Campbell has taken down his flag ; but there is nothing hostile in the proceeding , and the Consul has acted in conformity with the orders of his government . The explanation ( says the Paris correspondent of the 'Chronicle ' ) which I have received of the affair , from a quarter which ought to be well informed , is the following : —For some time past there has been some difference between the Austrian and the other
governments , with respect to the right of consuls to exhibit flags . The Piedmontese Consul at Milan having expressed , after the conclusion of the peace between Piedmont and Austria , his intention to hoist the flag of his nation , and the Austrian govern _, ment refused to ' permit him to do so . It seems that the Austrians felt alarmed at the ( fleet which the appearance of the Italian tri-coloured flag , which has now become the national flag of . Piedmont , would bave on the population of Milan , if it were allowed to be hoisted . On this account the Austrian government gave notice that it wouid not allow a flag to be exhibited at anv of the consulates . '
Austria , it appears , contends that the consuls of foreign powers have the right to hoist the flags of tbeir nations in front of their consulate in seaports , hut not in inland towns . Relying on this position , the Austrian authorities at Milan have insisted that all the consuls at Milan should take down . their f lags . There being nothing intentionally offensive in the proceedings , arid it appearing , besides , that it is in conformity with the practice , not only in England , but in France and other countries , the whole ofthe foreign consuls have agreed to take down their flag . ROME . —Another military execution took place on the 26 th , ult on a man wbo was found carrying a knife on his person .
GERMANY . The following is from the pen of an enemy—tbe Berlin correspondent of the * Times ;' - —In France funerals have been turned into political demonstrations ; here t he D e mocra t s have bit on t he p lan of making use of baptisms for the same purpose . A tailor first set the fashion by inviting all the Democrats of his district by advertisement to the christening of his child ; the church was filled , and a
scandalous scene took' place ,: the congregation making all the responses en masse , accompanying them with -loud cheering , ' to the horror . of the officiating minister . The proceedings closed by a fight outside with the constables and an active chase after some of the ringleaders . The success of the ' demonstration' was so decided that it has been repeated , and the 'Democratic Journal' now frequently contains those invitations to a ' party ' christening .
HUNGARY AND AUSTRIA . ( From t h e' Daily News . ' ) VIENNA , Feb . 25 . —I send a letter written by Count Leiningen to his sister-in-law , on the day after his sentence to be banged had been pronounced hy the court-martial at Arad . That sentence was as yet a secret known only to his judges ; and I can conceive nothing more' calculated to set this page of Austrian history in its true moral light than to contemplate side by side on the one hand this natural outpouring of a noble heart , little suspecting the
horrible doom so near ; and , on the other , the instruments of a treacherous and bloody government getting ready their halters and gibbets ., - This letter is also the most effectual answer to those dastardly calumnies wbich were industriously circulated against its victims by the organs of the Vienna cabinet . The lady to whom the letter is addressed is the sister of Count Leihihgen ' s widow , and the wife of Colonel Rohonesy , who escaped , indeed , with his life , but bas been immured in a fortress , where he is condemned to pine for eighteen year *! . :
' Dear , kind Clara , *—Your tidings about my little girltranquillised me not a little ; for although Lisa ( his wife ) , in her last letter , gave me a comforting account of ber , I fancied that she kept back somewhat of the truth to avoid increasing my anxiety . I ara , notwithstanding , still uneasy about the poor little thing . Her health was always weak ; and tbe more I clung to the child , the more anxiously 1 watched her slow thriving . When I left my family , I had the best hopes , for my darling was then well and blooming , and began even to wax strong ; and now fresh attacks of illness shatter her delicate frame , and awake in me once more all my old apprehensions . If the tendance of a mother full ef love avail , with God's help she will reeover .
' Yesterday the court-martial sat , and my sentence among others was pronounced . The nature of it is known only to the judges ; but , according to the letter of the law , it can only be a sentence of death . ' Vou are right , dear Clara , in supposing that I can bear willingly to be talked to about the doom which perhaps awaits me . In twenty battles I have looked death ih the face , in the last ( God forgive me !) I sought it . During six weeks I bave had time enough to prepare for it ; and stood . I alone , had I no family , I would even bid it welcome . Twice only during my imprisonment was I overcome by anguish , and then it wrung from me bitter " tears . ¦
Once I wept about my little girl ; and the other time when I was judicially examined on account of that newspaper article . I had been long prepared : and yet when that slanderous letter ihthe'AUgemeine Zeitung' was read before me , my firmness abandoned me , pain and , indignation shook me like a fever , and five minutes elapsed hefore I could utter a word . At the court-martial I asked the auditor if I could hope to see myself quickly cleared in this matter .. He answered , ' There is not a member of the court who gives credit to the
article , which is besides anonymous ; neither will it exercise the smallest influence upou your trial . ' I can say truly that i have in the course of the war saved many hundreds of Austrians , among whom not a few were officers . No one towards . his soldiers was so strict as I . Once , at _Szolook , I clove the skull of an Honved , who was about to shoot a Grenzer begg ing quarter oh his knees : yet was my good name not safe from so abominable a defamation , but branded before all Europe . My nerves are not weak but they were shaken . by th is foul calumny : and it cost me some right heavy , days . _.-. <
• I am now , I thank-God , become as a stone to self and to the world : and fate bring what it may , will find me armed . - ; ' You think , were I restored to freedom , that I should become purer and better . We _protestants , albeit we bave no purgatory , believe that God lays upon us trials , in which our moral strength must bear us up , in order that we may deserve his grace . I consider in this li ght my present situation , and I can assure you thatthe school of bitter undeceptiohs has not passed over me without leaving some trace . Perhaps you are right , and I trust that I Bhall be a better man than heretofore . ¦ ¦¦ ' . '
• All your hopes of amnesty have already occupied us here . It seems , indeed , probable that , after clemency has been shown in Italy , and even towards Peterwardein , the whole severity of the law will not be visited upon us alone . JJut I count upon nothing , and make to myself no illusions . For . myself , I have no further solicitude , no further _hopes or wishes ; but I am beset with care and pain forthe lot of those who belong to me . If I naust die , I will die in the creed of my fathers , and with the courage of a Leiningen ; if I am set at liberty , there will breathe no happier man , nor any more thankful to God .
< You ask if yonr letters are agreeable to me . Can you doubt it ? Write , write long letters , each letter is a day lived happily through , for one reads and reads again to devour the expressions of affection , which smile serenely upon the solitude of a prison . If I do not always answer , or answer briefl y , still wri t e to me , dear Clara , as often aa you have time to busy yourself with me . Meanwhile , I am not usua l l y so lonely as y o u think . Thoughts of whom I love keep me company , and their images stand even before me ; and then the remembrances of an ever memorable year , which I am endeavouring to fis on paper , occupy me . My day begins at seven and closes at nine ; and so solicitous _, am I about accurately observing the appor-
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tionment of time which I . ' . giv ' r-to my several _( bim . _pations , f rom b r u s hin g m y clo t hes ( wh i ch I do , not froni ; want ' of service , but of my own will ) up . to reading , thinking , and writing , that hitherto I have kept ennui at a distance . ' May Go d protect you with his all-powerful arm ; and dictate to you rightrmany letters for your _brother-in-law Charles . ' 'Fortress of Arad , Sept ., 1849 . ' Feb . 24 .- —Your readers will remember that Lieut .-General Count Lemberg , who was charged with full powers by the Emperor Ferdinand , was assailed by a furious mob on the . bridge at Pestb , and that be perished pierced with wounds . This lamentable M ' Tf _***' ' ""' ' * " -I- ' " " * ' r ' _"j * _tfl TliT _firrrhl hrril
event , which was attributed to the Magyar party , took place in the month of September , 1848 ; and must have made sufficient noise at the time tobe still in the recollection of your readers . One of the murderers , named Kol os y , a Wall a chian , was executed three weeks ago . The proceedings at his ( rial , which should have been published , have remained a secret , and the authorities only inform the public that the confessions made by the condemned charge—Kossuth , the scapegoat , with haying arranged the whole affair . However respectable is this allegation of tie Austrian authorities , it is not sufficient for the public , who are accustomed to such charges , and therefore require . somewhat better proof of his guilt . ¦ Count
Twe or three months after the murder of Lemberg , another , and equally horrible assassination was committed in Sclavonia which has been concealed with the greatest possible care . . The victim on that occasion was a Count Elz , a member of a very noble Bavarian family , and the son-in-law of Count Pejacericb , a Hungarian Magnate . Count Elz lived upon his property close to Essek , and had remained a perfect stranger to the , ' political agitations in Hungary ; if he possessed any political opinions at all—which is held to be doubtful—they mast have been simitar to those entertained by the other members of bis family , nearly all of whom belong to the imperial party , to the cause of order and legitimacy , to the honest men , the menofmodera .
tion , as the Austrians pleasantly style themselves , while t hey are han ging and shooting tbeir fellow men by- the dozen . This Count Elz , however , became s us p ecte d , possibly because he abstained from all interference in political matters . His chateau was invaded one day by the imperial 'Grenzer , ' who are Croatian or Wallachian soldiers employed in guarding the frontiers : they seized upon the count ' s papers , without , however , discovering even the shadow of culpability . Nevertheless , he waa seized and hurried into the garden by these infamous soldiers , and there exposed to a cross fire , under the eyes ofa major and several other-officers . The counti however , still breathed , when one of th e monsters stifled him by forcing a handful of tobacco down his throat .
The Vienna correspondent of the Daily News ' write as" follows : —We see daily large convoys of the prisoners condemned at Arad or at Pesth passing to _Ollmufz and Spielberg , or the other fortresses in Bohemia , there to suffer the- cruel punishments inflicted on them for having attempted to promote the freedom of tbeir country _.
THE GREEK QUESTION . Malta , Feb . ' 22 . —The Neapolitan steam-frigate Ercole arrived here on the 19 th , fror a P a lermo an d Lampeduaa . Upwards of seventy vessels took advantage of shift of wind and fine weather yesterday to put to sea . Among them were seventeen bound to Cork , with wheat and Indian corn . During last night the wind shifted again to the westward , blowing fresh , and no doubt the greater part will put back again . Some of the vessels having been trying since the middle of December last , to get to the westward , but without success . ¦ .. ¦¦¦ ¦
A letter received last night from Athens , by tbe French steamer Leonidas _, to the 18 th , states tbat the Greek question is in statu quo , the government having decided to wait for and act upori the opinions of the courts of Paris and St . Petersburgh . Meanwhile all commerce is impeded ; every _vesst-1 caught at sea or in harbour under Greek colours is immediately taken to the Bay of Salamis , and placed under the guns of the fleet . There are upwards of eighty vessels thus detained . The Greek corvettes , Amaliaand Ludovico , said to have been captured' y the English cruisers , are still at liberty . One is re . ported to be at Previsa _, and the other at Salonica , no doubt tbey are in some neutral port , where they cannot be touched . Some of the Greek journals ate very severe in their attack upon the English . The poet Alexander Soutzo has written an article in the ' 'Sieele , 'intituled ¦ The impious English . '
See ( says he ) these wishers , these Carthagenians , who have seized the ships of Greece . The froth of their crime can be seen floating on the sea ; but , whilst a single Greek exists , he will hand down to his posterity a relation of this disastrous _epozb . Courage , my friends , courage ! There is a , God in heaven , and the earth has not been given up to the tyranny of Great Britian , like the sea . Diplomacy at Athens and at Constantinople is generously working in our favour . ¦ Already are steamers ploughing the waves ) and carrying to other courts the news of this crime of England . Behold the Emperor
Nicholas raising masses of men to crush the Ottoman . Citizens of free Greece , prepare yourselves . The En g l is h com pe l ns t o b e c o me another Al e xander , to cut this Gordian knot—this important eastern question . Let us recommence the war , and the nation become , an entire army ! Let us , under the au sp ices of Fr a nce , Austria , and Germany , restore the empire of the great _Constantine , and thus be in possession of Western Greece from the Eurotas to Istra , and of Eastern Greece from the Nile to the Euxine , with three capitals—Athens , the seat of learning ; Constantinople , the seat of government _; and Jerusalem , the seat of religion .
Tbe _Pirxna is still blockaded ; no Greek vessel can leave . The Bulldog steamer has blockaded Syra . General Mamouri , aide-de-camp to the king , and military cammandant at Phthiotide , published an appeal to arms to the people of his department ; when Otho heard of it he immediately removed him from his command . The islands of Sapienxa and Cervi have not yet been made a subject of discussion , * they will remain until the present question is settled , when , it is said , Great Britain will take possession of them by force if denied by the Greek government . , The cold at Salonica has been intense the thermometer for days standing at from 10 to 14 deg . below Zero . The Paris 'Patrie * of Sunday evening says : — -We have announced that M . de Brunow has received in
London th _<* order of the Russian government to act in the Greek question in concert with the French ambassador . The note in . which these instructions were given arrived in Paris yesterday , and was read by M . de Kisseleffto tbe minister of foreign affairs . We are assured that it expresses great dissatisfaction at the proceeding of Lord Palmerston towards Greece . The note commences with these words : —• The Emperor- my master , has learned with a surprise mingled with indignation , etc ., ' and ending
with the following : —' You will ask Lord Palmerston to what extent he proposes to employ force in support of his demands , in order that the allies of King Otho may occupy themselves with the means of guaranteeing his independenceand that of his people ? The _'A'lgemeine Zeitung' ( Augsburg ) has a telegraphic message from Vienna of the 27 th ult ., which states that intelligence had just reached that capital from Athens of the 20 th of February . The coercive measures of , England were to cease immediate ! v . The blockade is said to bave been removed
on the 20 th
. . . .. TURKEY . Our dates from Constantinople are to the 13 th of February . Count Sturraer persists in his demand thatthe refugees should be detained in the interior during five years , and the Porte is equally firm in its refusal to comp ly with a condition so derogatory to its dignity . For the present the internated refugees will be transported to _Broussa , from whence , when the season grows milder , they will proceed to Kintayeb . The usually well-informed correspondent of the ' Wanderer' states that the Russians are to occupv . Transylvania .
PERSIA . Dates frora Teheran , of Jan . 2 , state tbat the capital has once again been the theatre of a popular commotion . A few days previous to the above date the people proceeded in a large body to the house of the Imaum Djonma , in order to engage him to ac company tbem to the Shah , and induce his Majesty to sign'the destitution of Mirzah Taghi Khan , the prime minister . The Imaum : quitted his residence without giving any sign of acquiescence or refusal .
Upon this the populace dispersed , but announced the firm determination of _aetiag with greater success another time . This movem e nt w a s f o ll o w e d b y several arrests , the most remarkable of which are that of Suleiman Khan , the king ' s maternal uncle ; Ibrahim Halil Khan , ex . commander of the . army of Khorasan ; _Hussan Khan , chief of the staff ; and a number of persons accused or suspected of being accomplices . Although public tranquillity had not beeu troubled popular discontent vrasuot smothered _.
France. Thf Forthcoming Eincno-Rs. -The ...
" ml il ? a mnn > _th-m nrnlv-ihle tfent * M > _Viiriv the a nd it is more , _jthahjprojiable that - ere Ibnjg the people , encouraged asi . _rthey- _' are * _^ by the clergy , will act in a decided manner , which will cause a genera ) revolution in Persia . % _, All sympathise with the Hadji , the more as at the time of his nomination to the ministry he was considered as the future regenerator of Persia . _rf i . ' _.- '
UNITED STATES . —CALIFORNIA . The Euro p e , Captain Leitch , has arrived at Liverpool with dates from New York to the -20 th , and Halifax to the 23 rd ult . Among the . passengers were the son of Lord Stanley , and Mr . Crompton , late British charge d ' affaires at Washington . The proceedings in _CbngresfJ , during the time that had elapsed from the despatch of the , previous mail , are fairly stated in the following resume of the ' New York Tribune '• i- ' The attention of Congress for the last fortnight has been principally occupied with the subject of slavery , Mr . Clay ' s s p eech , in support of his compromise resolutions , was an elaborate and powerful performance , distinguished
f o r its concil i a t ory and t em p era t e sp i ri t , and exhibiting the earnest , v ig orous , and impressive eloquence , for which that eminent statesman is justly celebrated . Among the opponents of Mr . Clay on the q u e s t ion of compromise , Mr . Davies , of M i ssis sippi , has been conspicuous . His speech on tbe subject took the strongest ground in favour of slavery * contended that it was a wise and useful institution ; sanctioned b y the deity , and not repugnant to humanity ; that it not only belongs to the respective states iii which it exists ; but to the whole United States ; and that it is necessarily involved in the constitution of the Union . Jle assumed the legal existence of slavery in California and Mexico , and thatthe Mexican laws for its abolition were
destitute of validity . Mr . Butler , of South Carolina , has maintained similar views , in a veh e men t s peech , declaring that the interests of his constituents were of more importance than the preservation of the Union , and warmly opposing the admission of California with her present constitution , and boundaries . ' Mr . Horace Mann , of Massachusetts , has spoken with great ability in the houseof Representatives on tbe other side of the question , describing t heeffect on S ou t hern intere st s of a dis s olu ti on o ft he U n ion , and declarin g th at no m ot i ve s could c o m pe l the acquiescence of the north , in the further extension of slavery . The last important speech in opposition to Mr . Clay , was made in the senate on Monday , by
Mr . Downs , of La . He contended that the prohibition of Slavery in the California constitution was owing to the interference of the executive . In the house a motion has been made to instruct the committee on territories to report a bill for the admission of California with the boundaries described in her constitution . An effort was made b y the southern members to lay this on the table , but-without success . The whole question labours under complications of a difficult character ; no exertions are spared by the champions of slavery to prevent . the admission of California ; but it can scarcely be doubted that they will prove ineffectual , and that California will be received , wi t hou t much fur t her delay , as a free state .
The telegraphic correspondence of the New York journals bring down the proceedings in tbe legislature to the 19 th ult . The debate in the Senate on Mr . Clay ' s motion had been again adjourned . The House of Representatives had gone into committee of the whole house on the President ' s message , and adjourned after hearing Mr . Venable , Mr . Campbell , ( ot Ohio , ) and Mr . _M'Lanahan . . CALIFORNIA . Philadelphia , Feb . 18 . — -The yellow
feverthat is , the rage for emigration to California—is now wilder than ever , owing to the arrival of the _Bteam-ship Empire City from Chagres , wi t h full two millions of dollars in California gold dust—1 , 133 , 647 dollars on consignment , and 900 , 000 dollars in the trunks and pockets of passengers . And this noble steamer has not been ' alone in her glory , ' for since the last English steamer , sailed from this country there have been in all five arrivals from Chagres , with passengers and gold , thus : —
Doll a rs- . Empire City , ste a mer 2 , 000 , 000 Alabama , ditto 300 , 000 Ohio , ditto 500 , 000 Falcon , ditto ..... 500 , Cherokee ( 110 , 000 dols . consigned , and 90 , 000 dols . by passengers ) ... 200 , 000 Total 3 , 500 , 000 The wealth of California , therefore , now begins to flow in abundantly ; yet it should be remembered
that large sums might bave been anticipated at tbe close of the digging season . The next arrivals also are . expected to be laden with a rich aureal freight . The Empire City brought the latest news , her dates being from San Francisco to 1 st January inclusive . Her . advices are certainty important ! The Legislature of California met on the 17 th of December , when Governor Burnett was duly inaugurated . Betides several able recommendations in relation to the finances of California , a-system of laws is suggested , and the Governor _advises :-
—1 . The definition of crimes and misdemeanors con ta ined in th e c o mmon law o f En gland . 2 . The English law of evidence . 3 . The English commercial law . 4 . The civil code of the State of Louisiana . * > . The Louisiana code of practice . Colonel Fremont and Colonel G wynne were elected senators from California to the United States Federal government , by the Assembly . Mr . George W . Wright and Mr . E . Gilbert were elected by the peo «
pie of California as their representatives in the House of Representatives at Washington . The State government of California is now completely formed i n all i t s branches , civil , fi nancial , and political , and the Legislature was in full session at the latest dates . The mining operations are suspended , owing to the r a i ny sea s on , and tbey will hardly be resumed until April ,, The ' Panama Star' gives the following as the amount of gold which has crossed the Isthmus from California , and silver from South America , from the 1 st of October to the 1 st of January : —
Dollars . By Zachnsson , Nelson , and Co .... 2 , 095 , 8 i 4 08 R . M . Steamship Co 767 , 000 00 Private individuals ( estimated ) ... 2 , 500 , 000 00
Total 6 , 302 , 844 08 Gold and silver by It . M . S . S . Co ., from S . Am ., Mexico , < fcc 4 , 000 , 000 00
Making the sum total of . 9 , 362 , 844 08 There had been a dreadful conflagration . at San Francisco on the 24 th of December , in which one half of the city was destroyed ! The loss is estimated at from 1 , 500 , 000 dols . to 2 , 000 , 000 dols . The frame buildings , with painted cotton and oilcloth ceilings and roofs caused the flame to spread with unexampled fury , and the fire was not arrested until several houses had been blown up with gunpowder . Fortunately no lives were lost at the fire , but the distress of labourers and miners , without means , who had flocked into the town , where they wandered in s ickness , and without shelter , has been greatly aggravated . Hundreds are described , by
several l ett er wri t er s , as wandering about San Francisco , knee-deep in mud , drenched with deluges of ¦ rains shaking with fever and ague ; and literally without food to eat , except from charity , and with out a place whereon to lay their heads . Such is the account of a ' Returned Gol ' dseeker' to the' Boston Traveller . ' Vast amounts of dry goods and other articles , he Bays , are lying about in heap 3 , wet and entirely ruined with rain ; and he speaks sorrowfully ofthe suffering , misery , and death in San Francisco . He says the newspapers there do not record all the deaths . He was told by the superintendent of burials of that town , that from six '" to seventy died weekly , and that from six to eight _^ j g _^ daily buried
at the expense of the city , they havrirg no friends to care for them while sick , or to bury them when dead . Many persons have come down from the mines enfeebled , without money , friends , or home . They wander about the town , and often sustain life b y di gging clams and muscles upon the sea shore , and by fishing , finding 8 lodg ing a t ni ght perhaps in the tent of a friend ; it noti in the open street . The late fire , by decreasing the number of buildings at the moment that the population was rapidly increasing , has added greatly to the suffering of this class of persons . Such was the state of San Francisco at the commencement of the new year , It certai n l y is not a very inviting picture .
I ara sorry to add , that an equally destructive fire , in proportion to the size of the town- has occurred at St ock t on , where au immense ho t el an d seve r a l other buildings were destroyed on the same 24 th day of December . In your accompanying reports of the California markets , you will observe references to the prices of wooden houses and lumber ; but , in addition to the information therein contained , I w o uld r em a rk tba t I have been informed by passengers foom San _Francisco that there is not so . great a rise on timber dwellings as had been anticipated . The people there are more than ever anxious for iron houses . The conflagration has taught them a fearful lesson . On the day that the Empire City arrived , a friend oi
France. Thf Forthcoming Eincno-Rs. -The ...
mine in ; Philadelphia was offered a number of frame _, houses and a ' quantity of lumber for' 6 , 500 dols . but he would not give-more ¦ than 6 , 000 dols . ' - shrewd | merchant , ¦ - however , who" had doubtless re . ceived a telegraphic despatch , ¦ " instantly , bought them , and paid the full price demanded . In an hour they were worth : nearly 10 , 000 'dols . Ono house speculation in New York , on the same day sold at cept _.-per-cent . profit ; and Mr . Carman ' lumber merchant , of Camden , has just refused fifty percent , profit on a venture he sent out toCalu mine in Philadelnhia waa offered a _nnmhBrnf / .
forma four months ago . Hib houses are , of course likely to arrive there in about a month or six week * after the conflagration , and sell they must , as the matter is reduced to _« Hbbson ' s choice '—wooden houses or none . It willbe , at least , a year before there can be anything like an adequate suppl y of iron houses . Antiquarians will feel deeply interested in the discovery of vast regions of ancient ruins near San Diego , and within a day ' s march of the Pacific Ocean , at the head of tbe Gulf of California , P 0 r . tions of temples , dwellings , lofty stone pyramid- / "
( seven of these within a mile square , ) and massive granite rings or circular walls , round venerable trees , columns and blocks of hieroglyphics-all speak of some ancient race of men now for ever fione their history actually unknown to any of the existing families of mankind . In some points , these ruins resemble the recently-discovered cities of p , lenque _, & c , near the Atlantic or Mexican _Gul ( coast ; in others , the ruins of ancient Egypt ; ia others , again , the monuments of Phoenicia ; and yefc in many features they differ from all that I have referred to . I observe that the discoverers deem t h em to be antedilu vi a n , while the present Indiana have a tradition of a great civilised nation , which their ferocious forefathers utterly destroyed . The region of the ruins is called by the Indians 'the Valley of Mystery . '
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AMAZING SUCCESS . OF THE NEW MODE OP TREATMENT WHICH HAS NEVER FAILED T ) R . ALFRED BARKER , 108 , Great _RuS \ AJ Bell-street , _Bloonisbury-square , London , ( near the British Museum ) , having had a vast amount of practice at the varions hospitals in London and on the Continent is enabled to _ti'ea , t with the utmost certainty of cure , every variety of disease arising from solitary and sed _' entari habits , indiscriminate excesses , and infections ; such as gonorrhoea , gleet , strictures , and syphilis , or venerea ! disease , in all its various forms and 6 tages , whether _pij . mary or secondary , which , owing to neglect or improper treatment , invariably end in gout , rheumatism , skin diseases , gravel , pains in the kidneys , back , and loins , aad finally , an agonising death ! The lamentable neglect o £ tins class of diseases by medical men in general is too weU known , and _ their attempts to cure by means of such dan . gerous medicines , as mercury , copaiba eubebs , tte ., have
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If Mankind are liable to one disease more than another , or if there are any particular affections ofthe human bod y we require to have a knowledge of over the rest , itis certainly that class of disorders treated of in the new and im" ! proved edition of the " Silent Friend . " The authors , ia thus _ sending forth to the world another edition of their medical work , cannot refrain from expressing their gratification at the continual success attending their efforts , which , combined with the assistance of medicines , exclusively of their own preparation , have been the happy causa of mitigating and averting the mental and physical miseries attendant on tliose peculiar disorders ; thus proving the fact , that suflering humanity must always derive the greatest
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), March 9, 1850, page 2, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_09031850/page/2/
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